id sid tid token lemma pos cord-017675-in9r33ww 1 1 key key JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 1 2 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 1 3 cord-017675-in9r33ww cord-017675-in9r33ww NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 1 4 authors author NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 1 5 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 2 1 nan nan NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 2 2 title title NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 2 3 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 3 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 3 2 Way Way NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 3 3 Forward Forward NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 3 4 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 3 5 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 3 6 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 3 7 Treatment Treatment NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 3 8 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 3 9 Human Human NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 3 10 Rights Rights NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 3 11 date date NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 3 12 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 3 13 2008 2008 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 3 14 journal journal NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 3 15 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 3 16 Global Global NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 3 17 Lessons Lessons NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 3 18 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 3 19 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 3 20 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 3 21 Pandemic Pandemic NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 3 22 DOI DOI NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 3 23 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 3 24 10.1007/978 10.1007/978 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 3 25 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 3 26 3 3 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 3 27 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 3 28 540 540 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 3 29 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 3 30 78392 78392 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 3 31 - - SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 3 32 3_9 3_9 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 3 33 sha sha NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 3 34 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 3 35 e54af1ade28a3a6cea3cc2d105e31f9d658cc0ff e54af1ade28a3a6cea3cc2d105e31f9d658cc0ff NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 3 36 doc_id doc_id NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 3 37 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 3 38 17675 17675 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 3 39 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 3 40 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 4 1 in9r33ww in9r33ww NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 5 1 There there EX cord-017675-in9r33ww 5 2 now now RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 5 3 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 5 4 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 5 5 considerable considerable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 5 6 body body NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 5 7 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 5 8 evidence evidence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 5 9 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 5 10 support support VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 5 11 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 5 12 view view NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 5 13 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 5 14 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 5 15 effective effective JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 5 16 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 5 17 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 5 18 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 5 19 strategy strategy NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 5 20 integrates integrate VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 5 21 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 5 22 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 5 23 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 5 24 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 5 25 human human JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 5 26 rights right NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 5 27 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 6 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 6 2 this this DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 6 3 chapter chapter NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 6 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 6 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 6 6 emphasize emphasize VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 6 7 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 6 8 importance importance NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 6 9 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 6 10 each each DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 6 11 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 6 12 these these DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 6 13 aspects aspect NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 6 14 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 6 15 draw draw VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 6 16 upon upon IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 6 17 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 6 18 conclusions conclusion NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 6 19 reached reach VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 6 20 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 6 21 previous previous JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 6 22 chapters chapter NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 6 23 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 6 24 map map VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 6 25 out out RP cord-017675-in9r33ww 6 26 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 6 27 future future NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 6 28 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 6 29 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 6 30 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 6 31 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 6 32 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 7 1 While while IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 7 2 medicine medicine NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 7 3 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 7 4 science science NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 7 5 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 7 6 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 7 7 crucial crucial JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 7 8 role role NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 7 9 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 7 10 play play VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 7 11 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 7 12 addressing address VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 7 13 pandemics pandemic NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 7 14 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 7 15 whether whether IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 7 16 slow slow RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 7 17 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 7 18 moving move VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 7 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 7 20 like like IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 7 21 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 7 22 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 7 23 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 7 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 7 25 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 7 26 fast fast RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 7 27 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 7 28 moving move VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 7 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 7 30 like like IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 7 31 influenza influenza NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 7 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 7 33 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 7 34 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 7 35 social social JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 7 36 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 7 37 legal legal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 7 38 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 7 39 political political JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 7 40 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 7 41 financial financial JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 7 42 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 7 43 economic economic JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 7 44 ramifications ramification NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 7 45 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 7 46 pandemics pandemic NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 7 47 can can MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 7 48 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 7 49 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 7 50 ignored ignore VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 7 51 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 8 1 Well well RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 8 2 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 8 3 considered consider VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 8 4 social social JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 8 5 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 8 6 legal legal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 8 7 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 8 8 political political JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 8 9 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 8 10 financial financial JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 8 11 strategies strategy NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 8 12 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 8 13 essential essential JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 8 14 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 8 15 order order NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 8 16 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 8 17 address address VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 8 18 any any DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 8 19 pandemic pandemic NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 8 20 effectively effectively RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 8 21 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 9 1 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 9 2 Kingdom Kingdom NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 9 3 1998 1998 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 9 4 Kingdom Kingdom NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 9 5 -2004 -2004 NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 9 6 Source source NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 9 7 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 10 1 Global global JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 10 2 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 10 3 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 10 4 Working Working NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 10 5 Group Group NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 10 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 10 7 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 10 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 11 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 11 2 Chap Chap NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 11 3 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 12 1 2 2 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 12 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 12 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 12 4 discussed discuss VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 12 5 how how WRB cord-017675-in9r33ww 12 6 integrated integrated JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 12 7 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 12 8 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 12 9 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 12 10 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 12 11 human human JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 12 12 rights right NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 12 13 strategies strategy NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 12 14 aimed aim VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 12 15 at at IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 12 16 high high JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 12 17 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 12 18 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 12 19 groups group NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 12 20 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 12 21 proved prove VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 12 22 effective effective JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 12 23 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 12 24 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 12 25 like like IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 12 26 Brazil Brazil NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 12 27 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 13 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 13 2 Chap Chap NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 13 3 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 14 1 7 7 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 14 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 14 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 14 4 explained explain VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 14 5 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 14 6 limited limited JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 14 7 resources resource NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 14 8 need need VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 14 9 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 14 10 focus focus VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 14 11 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 14 12 high high JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 14 13 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 14 14 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 14 15 groups group NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 14 16 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 14 17 locations location NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 14 18 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 14 19 achieve achieve VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 14 20 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 14 21 best good JJS cord-017675-in9r33ww 14 22 possible possible JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 14 23 results result NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 14 24 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 15 1 However however RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 15 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 15 3 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 15 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 15 5 showed show VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 15 6 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 15 7 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 15 8 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 15 9 workers worker NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 15 10 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 15 11 who who WP cord-017675-in9r33ww 15 12 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 15 13 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 15 14 source source NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 15 15 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 15 16 almost almost RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 15 17 80 80 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 15 18 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 15 19 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 15 20 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 15 21 infections infection NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 15 22 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 15 23 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 15 24 negligible negligible JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 15 25 amount amount NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 15 26 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 15 27 funding funding NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 15 28 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 15 29 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 15 30 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 15 31 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 15 32 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 15 33 targeted target VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 15 34 at at IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 15 35 this this DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 15 36 group group NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 15 37 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 16 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 16 2 mismatch mismatch NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 16 3 between between IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 16 4 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 16 5 most most RBS cord-017675-in9r33ww 16 6 affected affected JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 16 7 group group NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 16 8 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 16 9 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 16 10 allocation allocation NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 16 11 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 16 12 funding funding NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 16 13 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 16 14 Ghana Ghana NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 16 15 highlights highlight VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 16 16 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 16 17 importance importance NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 16 18 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 16 19 matching match VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 16 20 funding funding NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 16 21 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 16 22 prevailing prevail VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 16 23 prevalence prevalence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 16 24 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 16 25 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 16 26 patterns pattern NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 16 27 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 16 28 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 16 29 given give VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 16 30 country country NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 16 31 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 16 32 region region NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 16 33 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 17 1 As as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 17 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 17 3 saw see VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 17 4 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 17 5 Chap Chap NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 17 6 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 1 2 2 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 3 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 4 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 5 prevalence prevalence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 6 rate rate NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 7 above above IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 8 1 1 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 9 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 10 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 11 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 12 key key JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 13 threshold threshold NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 14 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 15 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 16 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 17 epidemic epidemic NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 18 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 19 run run VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 20 out out IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 21 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 22 control control NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 23 unless unless IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 24 funding fund VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 25 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 26 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 27 efforts effort NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 28 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 29 targeted target VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 30 at at IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 31 high high JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 32 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 33 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 34 groups group NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 35 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 36 such such JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 37 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 38 commercial commercial JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 39 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 40 workers worker NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 41 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 42 men man NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 43 who who WP cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 44 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 45 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 46 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 47 men man NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 48 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 49 injection injection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 50 drug drug NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 51 users user NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 52 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 53 prisoners prisoner NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 18 54 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 19 1 However however RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 19 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 19 3 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 19 4 Chap Chap NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 19 5 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 20 1 8 8 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 20 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 20 3 saw see VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 20 4 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 20 5 PEPFAR PEPFAR NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 21 1 -the -the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 21 2 largest large JJS cord-017675-in9r33ww 21 3 bilateral bilateral JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 21 4 donor donor NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 21 5 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 21 6 funding funding NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 21 7 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 21 8 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 21 9 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 21 10 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 21 11 programs program NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 21 12 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 21 13 developing develop VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 21 14 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 21 15 -prohibits -prohibit VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 21 16 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 21 17 use use NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 21 18 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 21 19 funding funding NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 21 20 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 21 21 programs program NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 21 22 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 21 23 commercial commercial JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 21 24 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 21 25 workers worker NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 21 26 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 21 27 needle needle NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 21 28 exchange exchange NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 21 29 programs program NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 21 30 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 22 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 22 2 Chap Chap NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 22 3 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 23 1 3 3 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 23 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 23 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 23 4 saw see VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 23 5 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 23 6 African African NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 23 7 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 23 8 Americans Americans NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 23 9 make make VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 23 10 up up RP cord-017675-in9r33ww 23 11 54 54 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 23 12 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 23 13 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 23 14 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 23 15 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 23 16 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 23 17 patients patient NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 23 18 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 23 19 even even RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 23 20 though though IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 23 21 African African NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 23 22 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 23 23 Americans Americans NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 23 24 account account VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 23 25 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 23 26 less less JJR cord-017675-in9r33ww 23 27 than than IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 23 28 15 15 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 23 29 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 23 30 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 23 31 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 23 32 US US NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 23 33 population population NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 23 34 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 24 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 24 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 24 3 black black JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 24 4 men man NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 24 5 who who WP cord-017675-in9r33ww 24 6 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 24 7 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 24 8 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 24 9 men man NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 24 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 24 11 MSM MSM NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 24 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 24 13 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 24 14 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 24 15 highest high JJS cord-017675-in9r33ww 24 16 rates rate NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 24 17 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 24 18 unrecognized unrecognized JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 24 19 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 24 20 infection infection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 24 21 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 24 22 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 24 23 prevalence prevalence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 24 24 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 24 25 incidence incidence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 24 26 rates rate NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 24 27 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 24 28 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 24 29 mortality mortality NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 24 30 rates rate NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 24 31 among among IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 24 32 MSM MSM NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 24 33 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 24 34 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 24 35 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 24 36 States States NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 24 37 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 25 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 25 2 five five CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 25 3 US US NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 25 4 cities city NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 25 5 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 25 6 46 46 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 25 7 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 25 8 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 25 9 African african JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 25 10 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 25 11 American american JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 25 12 MSM MSM NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 25 13 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 25 14 infected infect VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 25 15 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 25 16 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 25 17 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 26 1 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 26 2 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 26 3 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 26 4 prevalence prevalence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 26 5 rates rate NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 26 6 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 26 7 affected affect VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 26 8 black black JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 26 9 MSM MSM NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 26 10 disproportionately disproportionately RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 26 11 since since IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 26 12 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 26 13 beginning beginning NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 26 14 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 26 15 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 26 16 epidemic epidemic NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 26 17 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 27 1 Black black JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 27 2 MSM MSM NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 27 3 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 27 4 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 27 5 only only JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 27 6 group group NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 27 7 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 27 8 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 27 9 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 27 10 States States NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 27 11 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 27 12 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 27 13 prevalence prevalence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 27 14 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 27 15 incidence incidence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 27 16 rates rate NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 27 17 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 27 18 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 27 19 comparable comparable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 27 20 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 27 21 those those DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 27 22 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 27 23 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 27 24 most most RBS cord-017675-in9r33ww 27 25 affected affected JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 27 26 developing develop VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 27 27 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 27 28 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 28 1 However however RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 28 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 28 3 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 28 4 vast vast JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 28 5 majority majority NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 28 6 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 28 7 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 28 8 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 28 9 intervention intervention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 28 10 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 28 11 African African NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 28 12 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 28 13 Americans Americans NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 28 14 does do VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 28 15 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 28 16 target target VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 28 17 homosexual homosexual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 28 18 men man NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 28 19 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 28 20 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 28 21 homosexual homosexual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 28 22 men man NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 28 23 does do VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 28 24 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 28 25 target target VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 28 26 black black JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 28 27 MSM MSM NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 28 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 28 29 Millett Millett NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 28 30 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 28 31 Peterson Peterson NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 28 32 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 28 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 28 34 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 29 1 Thus thus RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 29 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 29 3 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 29 4 need need NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 29 5 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 29 6 focus focus VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 29 7 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 29 8 efforts effort NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 29 9 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 29 10 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 29 11 most most RBS cord-017675-in9r33ww 29 12 vulnerable vulnerable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 29 13 groups group NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 29 14 remains remain VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 29 15 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 29 16 issue issue NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 29 17 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 29 18 just just RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 29 19 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 29 20 developing develop VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 29 21 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 29 22 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 30 1 While while IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 30 2 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 30 3 strategies strategy NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 30 4 need need VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 30 5 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 30 6 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 30 7 tailored tailor VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 30 8 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 30 9 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 30 10 sources source NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 30 11 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 30 12 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 30 13 infections infection NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 30 14 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 30 15 specific specific JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 30 16 contexts contexts NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 30 17 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 30 18 there there EX cord-017675-in9r33ww 30 19 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 30 20 several several JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 30 21 proven prove VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 30 22 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 30 23 strategies strategy NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 30 24 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 30 25 need need VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 30 26 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 30 27 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 30 28 scaled scale VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 30 29 up up RP cord-017675-in9r33ww 30 30 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 31 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 31 2 resources resource NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 31 3 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 31 4 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 31 5 need need VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 31 6 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 31 7 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 31 8 focused focus VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 31 9 according accord VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 31 10 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 31 11 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 31 12 specific specific JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 31 13 nature nature NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 31 14 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 31 15 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 31 16 epidemic epidemic NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 31 17 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 31 18 different different JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 31 19 settings setting NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 31 20 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 31 21 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 31 22 we -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 31 23 showed show VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 31 24 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 31 25 Chap Chap NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 31 26 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 32 1 2 2 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 32 2 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 33 1 Figure figure NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 33 2 9 9 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 33 3 .2 .2 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 33 4 shows show VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 33 5 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 33 6 source source NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 33 7 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 33 8 new new JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 33 9 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 33 10 infections infection NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 33 11 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 33 12 region region NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 33 13 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 34 1 Table table NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 34 2 9 9 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 34 3 .2 .2 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 34 4 summarizes summarize VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 34 5 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 34 6 coverage coverage NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 34 7 levels level NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 34 8 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 34 9 several several JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 34 10 essential essential JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 34 11 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 34 12 strategies strategy NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 34 13 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 34 14 Fig Fig NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 34 15 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 35 1 9 9 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 35 2 .3 .3 NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 35 3 shows show VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 35 4 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 35 5 deployment deployment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 35 6 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 35 7 region region NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 35 8 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 36 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 36 2 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 36 3 important important JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 36 4 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 36 5 emphasize emphasize VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 36 6 that that DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 36 7 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 36 8 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 36 9 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 36 10 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 36 11 mutually mutually RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 36 12 supportive supportive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 36 13 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 36 14 need need VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 36 15 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 36 16 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 36 17 addressed address VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 36 18 simultaneously simultaneously RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 36 19 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 37 1 Access access NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 37 2 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 37 3 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 37 4 supports support VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 37 5 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 37 6 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 37 7 reducing reduce VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 37 8 risky risky JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 37 9 behaviors behavior NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 37 10 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 37 11 increasing increase VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 37 12 disclosure disclosure NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 37 13 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 37 14 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 37 15 status status NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 37 16 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 37 17 reducing reduce VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 37 18 stigma stigma NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 37 19 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 37 20 reducing reduce VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 37 21 infectiousness infectiousness NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 37 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 37 23 Global global JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 37 24 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 37 25 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 37 26 Working Working NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 37 27 Group Group NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 37 28 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 37 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 37 30 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 38 1 Prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 38 2 supports support VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 38 3 access access NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 38 4 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 38 5 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 38 6 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 38 7 reducing reduce VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 38 8 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 38 9 number number NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 38 10 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 38 11 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 38 12 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 38 13 require require VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 38 14 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 38 15 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 38 16 thus thus RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 38 17 making make VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 38 18 universal universal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 38 19 access access NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 38 20 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 38 21 treat- treat- JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 38 22 Group Group NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 38 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 38 24 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 38 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 38 26 order order NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 38 27 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 38 28 enhance enhance VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 38 29 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 38 30 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 38 31 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 38 32 both both DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 38 33 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 39 1 ment ment XX cord-017675-in9r33ww 39 2 more more RBR cord-017675-in9r33ww 39 3 affordable affordable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 39 4 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 40 1 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 40 2 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 40 3 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 40 4 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 40 5 should should MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 40 6 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 40 7 integrated integrate VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 40 8 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 40 9 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 40 10 _SP cord-017675-in9r33ww 41 1 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 41 2 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 41 3 strategies strategy NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 41 4 fall fall VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 41 5 into into IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 41 6 four four CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 41 7 general general JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 41 8 categories category NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 41 9 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 41 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 41 11 1 1 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 41 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 41 13 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 41 14 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 41 15 sexual sexual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 41 16 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 41 17 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 41 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 41 19 2 2 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 41 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 41 21 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 41 22 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 41 23 blood blood NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 41 24 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 41 25 borne bear VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 41 26 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 41 27 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 41 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 41 29 3 3 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 41 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 41 31 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 41 32 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 41 33 mother mother NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 41 34 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 41 35 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 41 36 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 41 37 child child NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 41 38 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 41 39 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 41 40 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 41 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 41 42 4 4 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 41 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 41 44 social social JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 41 45 strategies strategy NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 41 46 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 41 47 _SP cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 2 strategies strategy NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 3 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 4 preventing prevent VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 5 sexual sexual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 6 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 7 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 8 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 10 1 1 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 12 behavioral behavioral JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 13 change change NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 14 programs program NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 16 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 17 increase increase VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 18 condom condom NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 19 use use NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 20 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 21 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 22 delay delay VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 23 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 24 initiation initiation NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 25 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 26 sexual sexual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 27 behavior behavior NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 28 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 29 young young JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 30 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 31 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 32 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 33 reduce reduce VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 34 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 35 number number NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 36 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 37 sexual sexual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 38 partners partner NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 40 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 42 2 2 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 44 condom condom NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 45 promotion promotion NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 46 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 48 3 3 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 50 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 51 testing testing NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 52 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 53 knowledge knowledge NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 54 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 55 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 56 status status NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 57 decreases decrease VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 58 risky risky JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 59 behavior behavior NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 60 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 61 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 62 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 63 4 4 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 64 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 65 diagnosis diagnosis NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 66 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 67 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 68 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 69 sexually sexually RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 70 transmitted transmit VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 71 infections infection NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 72 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 73 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 74 significantly significantly RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 75 increase increase VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 76 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 77 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 78 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 79 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 80 acquisition acquisition NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 81 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 82 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 83 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 84 particularly particularly RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 85 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 86 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 87 case case NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 88 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 89 genital genital JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 90 herpes herpe NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 91 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 92 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 93 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 94 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 95 5 5 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 96 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 97 adult adult NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 98 male male JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 99 circumcision circumcision NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 100 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 101 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 102 reduces reduce VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 103 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 104 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 105 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 106 female female NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 107 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 108 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 109 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 110 male male NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 111 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 112 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 113 about about RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 114 60 60 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 115 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 116 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 117 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 118 Global Global NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 119 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 120 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 121 Working Working NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 122 Group Group NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 123 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 124 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 42 125 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 43 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 43 2 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 43 3 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 43 4 these these DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 43 5 strategies strategy NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 43 6 varies vary VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 43 7 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 44 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 44 2 promotion promotion NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 44 3 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 44 4 condoms condom NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 44 5 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 44 6 been be VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 44 7 largely largely RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 44 8 successful successful JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 44 9 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 44 10 respect respect NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 44 11 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 44 12 commercial commercial JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 44 13 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 44 14 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 44 15 casual casual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 44 16 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 44 17 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 44 18 but but CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 44 19 condom condom NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 44 20 use use NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 44 21 remains remain VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 44 22 low low JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 44 23 within within IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 44 24 marriage marriage NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 44 25 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 45 1 As as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 45 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 45 3 noted note VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 45 4 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 45 5 Chap Chap NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 45 6 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 46 1 4 4 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 46 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 46 3 increasing increase VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 46 4 life life NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 46 5 expectancy expectancy NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 46 6 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 46 7 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 46 8 areas area NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 46 9 where where WRB cord-017675-in9r33ww 46 10 it -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 46 11 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 46 12 low low JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 46 13 due due IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 46 14 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 46 15 diseases disease NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 46 16 like like IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 46 17 malaria malaria NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 46 18 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 46 19 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 46 20 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 46 21 cost cost NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 46 22 effective effective JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 46 23 strategy strategy NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 46 24 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 46 25 enhancing enhance VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 46 26 behavioral behavioral JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 46 27 change change NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 46 28 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 46 29 lower lower VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 46 30 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 46 31 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 46 32 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 46 33 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 46 34 infection infection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 46 35 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 47 1 A a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 47 2 survey survey NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 47 3 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 47 4 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 47 5 WHO WHO NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 47 6 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 47 7 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 47 8 behalf behalf NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 47 9 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 47 10 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 47 11 Global Global NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 47 12 Fund Fund NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 47 13 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 47 14 reviewed review VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 47 15 anti anti JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 47 16 - - JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 47 17 malaria malaria JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 47 18 operations operation NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 47 19 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 47 20 Ethiopia Ethiopia NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 47 21 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 47 22 Ghana Ghana NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 47 23 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 47 24 Rwanda Rwanda NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 47 25 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 47 26 Zambia Zambia NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 47 27 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 48 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 48 2 Ethiopia Ethiopia NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 48 3 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 48 4 childhood childhood NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 48 5 malaria malaria NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 48 6 declined decline VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 48 7 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 48 8 60 60 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 48 9 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 48 10 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 48 11 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 48 12 death death NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 48 13 rate rate NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 48 14 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 48 15 cut cut VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 48 16 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 48 17 half half NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 48 18 within within IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 48 19 2 2 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 48 20 years year NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 48 21 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 48 22 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 48 23 beginning beginning NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 48 24 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 48 25 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 48 26 mass mass NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 48 27 distribution distribution NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 48 28 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 48 29 mosquito mosquito NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 48 30 nets net NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 48 31 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 49 1 Within within IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 49 2 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 49 3 single single JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 49 4 year year NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 49 5 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 49 6 both both DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 49 7 cases case NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 49 8 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 49 9 deaths death NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 49 10 dropped drop VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 49 11 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 49 12 twodeaths twodeath NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 49 13 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 49 14 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 49 15 third third NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 49 16 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 50 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 50 2 many many JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 50 3 cases case NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 50 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 50 5 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 50 6 distribution distribution NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 50 7 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 50 8 free free JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 50 9 nets net NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 50 10 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 50 11 accompanied accompany VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 50 12 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 50 13 free free JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 50 14 drugs drug NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 50 15 based base VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 50 16 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 50 17 artemisinin artemisinin NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 50 18 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 50 19 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 50 20 substance substance NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 50 21 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 50 22 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 50 23 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 50 24 malarial malarial JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 50 25 parasite parasite NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 50 26 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 50 27 yet yet RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 50 28 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 50 29 develop develop VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 50 30 widespread widespread JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 50 31 resistance resistance NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 50 32 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 50 33 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 50 34 spraying spray VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 50 35 DDT DDT NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 50 36 inside inside IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 50 37 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 50 38 's 's POS cord-017675-in9r33ww 50 39 houses house NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 50 40 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 51 1 free free JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 51 2 nets net NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 51 3 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 51 4 malaria malaria NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 51 5 drugs drug NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 51 6 would would MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 51 7 bring bring VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 51 8 malaria malaria NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 51 9 under under IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 51 10 control control NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 51 11 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 51 12 most most JJS cord-017675-in9r33ww 51 13 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 51 14 Africa Africa NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 51 15 at at IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 51 16 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 51 17 cost cost NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 51 18 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 51 19 USD usd NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 51 20 10 10 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 51 21 billion billion CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 51 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 51 23 Economist Economist NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 51 24 2008 2008 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 51 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 51 26 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 52 1 These these DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 52 2 promising promising JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 52 3 results result NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 52 4 also also RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 52 5 bode bode VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 52 6 Some some DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 52 7 studies study NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 52 8 suggest suggest VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 52 9 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 52 10 treating treat VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 52 11 sexually sexually RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 52 12 transmitted transmit VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 52 13 infections infection NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 52 14 may may MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 52 15 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 52 16 rediseases redisease NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 52 17 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 53 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 53 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 53 3 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 53 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 53 5 noted note VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 53 6 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 53 7 Chap Chap NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 53 8 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 1 4 4 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 3 Oster Oster NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 5 2005 2005 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 7 argues argue VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 8 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 9 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 10 explanation explanation NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 11 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 12 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 13 substantial substantial JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 14 difference difference NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 15 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 16 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 17 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 18 rates rate NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 19 between between IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 20 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 21 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 22 tions tions NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 23 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 24 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 25 leave leave VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 26 open open JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 27 sores sore NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 28 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 29 chlamydia chlamydia NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 30 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 31 syphilis syphili NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 32 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 33 gonorrhea gonorrhea NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 34 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 35 facili facili NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 36 - - : cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 37 There there EX cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 38 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 39 significant significant JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 40 evidence evidence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 41 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 42 male male JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 43 circumcision circumcision NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 44 significantly significantly RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 45 reduces reduce VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 46 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 47 A a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 48 similar similar JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 49 picture picture NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 50 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 51 seen see VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 52 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 53 South South NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 54 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 55 South South NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 56 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 57 East East NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 58 Asia Asia NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 59 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 60 where where WRB cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 61 overall overall JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 62 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 63 prevalence prevalence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 64 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 65 much much RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 66 lower low JJR cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 67 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 68 but but CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 69 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 70 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 71 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 72 highest high JJS cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 73 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 74 prevalence prevalence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 75 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 76 little little JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 77 thirds third NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 78 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 79 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 80 Rwanda Rwanda NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 81 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 82 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 83 one one CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 84 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 85 third third NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 86 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 87 Zambia Zambia NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 54 88 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 55 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 55 2 Ghana Ghana NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 55 3 cases case NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 55 4 fell fall VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 55 5 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 55 6 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 55 7 eighth eighth NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 55 8 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 55 9 Based base VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 55 10 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 55 11 these these DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 55 12 results result NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 55 13 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 55 14 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 55 15 WHO who WP cord-017675-in9r33ww 55 16 believes believe VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 55 17 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 55 18 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 55 19 5-year 5-year CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 55 20 campaign campaign NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 55 21 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 55 22 distributes distribute VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 55 23 well well RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 55 24 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 55 25 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 55 26 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 55 27 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 56 1 association association NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 56 2 between between IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 56 3 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 56 4 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 56 5 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 56 6 infection infection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 56 7 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 56 8 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 56 9 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 56 10 other other JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 56 11 sexually sexually RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 56 12 transmitted transmit VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 56 13 prevent prevent NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 56 14 as as RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 56 15 many many JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 56 16 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 56 17 24 24 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 56 18 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 56 19 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 56 20 new new JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 56 21 infections infection NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 56 22 over over IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 56 23 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 56 24 decade decade NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 56 25 duce duce NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 56 26 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 56 27 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 56 28 significantly significantly RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 56 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 56 30 Halperin Halperin NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 56 31 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 56 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 56 33 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 57 1 However however RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 57 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 57 3 there there EX cord-017675-in9r33ww 57 4 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 57 5 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 57 6 strong strong JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 57 7 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 57 8 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 58 1 Box Box NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 58 2 9.1 9.1 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 58 3 discusses discuss VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 58 4 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 58 5 relationship relationship NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 58 6 between between IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 58 7 circumcision circumcision NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 58 8 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 58 9 HIV/ HIV/ NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 58 10 305 305 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 58 11 tate tate NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 58 12 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 58 13 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 58 14 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 59 1 Thus thus RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 59 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 59 3 treating treat VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 59 4 bacterial bacterial NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 59 5 sexually sexually RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 59 6 transmitted transmit VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 59 7 infections infection NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 59 8 could could MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 59 9 States state NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 59 10 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 59 11 sub sub JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 59 12 - - JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 59 13 Saharan Saharan NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 59 14 Africa Africa NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 59 15 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 59 16 due due JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 59 17 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 59 18 other other JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 59 19 untreated untreated JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 59 20 sexually sexually RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 59 21 transmitted transmit VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 59 22 infec infec NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 59 23 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 59 24 male male NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 59 25 circumcision circumcision NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 59 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 59 27 Papua Papua NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 59 28 New New NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 59 29 Guinea Guinea NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 59 30 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 59 31 Cambodia Cambodia NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 59 32 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 59 33 Thailand Thailand NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 59 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 59 35 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 60 1 Conversely conversely RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 60 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 60 3 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 60 4 prevalence prevalence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 60 5 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 60 6 extremely extremely RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 60 7 low low JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 60 8 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 60 9 those those DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 60 10 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 60 11 where where WRB cord-017675-in9r33ww 60 12 most most JJS cord-017675-in9r33ww 60 13 men man NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 60 14 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 60 15 circumcised circumcise VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 60 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 60 17 Pakistan Pakistan NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 60 18 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 60 19 Bangladesh Bangladesh NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 60 20 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 60 21 Indonesia Indonesia NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 60 22 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 60 23 Philippines Philippines NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 60 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 60 25 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 61 1 There there EX cord-017675-in9r33ww 61 2 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 61 3 ecological ecological JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 61 4 evidence evidence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 61 5 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 61 6 prevalence prevalence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 61 7 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 61 8 circumcision circumcision NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 61 9 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 61 10 negatively negatively RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 61 11 correlated correlate VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 61 12 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 61 13 prevalence prevalence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 61 14 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 61 15 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 61 16 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 61 17 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 61 18 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 62 1 Specifically specifically RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 62 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 62 3 there there EX cord-017675-in9r33ww 62 4 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 62 5 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 62 6 strong strong JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 62 7 inverse inverse JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 62 8 correlation correlation NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 62 9 between between IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 62 10 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 62 11 prevalence prevalence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 62 12 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 62 13 circumcision circumcision NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 62 14 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 62 15 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 62 16 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 62 17 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 62 18 prevalence prevalence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 62 19 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 62 20 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 62 21 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 62 22 those those DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 62 23 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 62 24 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 63 1 All all PDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 63 2 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 63 3 highest high JJS cord-017675-in9r33ww 63 4 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 63 5 prevalence prevalence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 63 6 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 63 7 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 63 8 those those DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 63 9 where where WRB cord-017675-in9r33ww 63 10 circumcision circumcision NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 63 11 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 63 12 little little RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 63 13 practiced practice VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 63 14 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 64 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 64 2 fact fact NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 64 3 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 64 4 no no DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 64 5 country country NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 64 6 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 64 7 nearly nearly RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 64 8 universal universal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 64 9 circumcision circumcision NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 64 10 coverage coverage NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 64 11 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 64 12 ever ever RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 64 13 had have VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 64 14 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 64 15 adult adult NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 64 16 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 64 17 prevalence prevalence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 64 18 higher high JJR cord-017675-in9r33ww 64 19 than than IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 64 20 8 8 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 64 21 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 64 22 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 64 23 including include VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 64 24 higher high JJR cord-017675-in9r33ww 64 25 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 64 26 than than IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 64 27 that that DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 64 28 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 64 29 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 64 30 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 64 31 prevalence prevalence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 64 32 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 64 33 around around IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 64 34 25 25 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 64 35 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 64 36 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 65 1 This this DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 65 2 fact fact NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 65 3 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 65 4 illus- illus- JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 65 5 Fig Fig NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 65 6 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 65 7 9 9 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 65 8 .4 .4 . cord-017675-in9r33ww 66 1 Ecological ecological JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 66 2 relationship relationship NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 66 3 between between IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 66 4 circumcision circumcision NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 66 5 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 66 6 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 66 7 prevalence prevalence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 66 8 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 67 1 Source source NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 67 2 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 67 3 Bailey Bailey NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 67 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 67 5 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 67 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 68 1 A a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 68 2 large large JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 68 3 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 68 4 randomized randomized JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 68 5 controlled control VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 68 6 trial trial NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 68 7 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 68 8 3,274 3,274 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 68 9 men man NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 68 10 between between IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 68 11 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 68 12 ages age NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 68 13 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 68 14 18 18 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 68 15 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 68 16 24 24 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 68 17 years year NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 68 18 showed show VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 68 19 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 68 20 circumcision circumcision NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 68 21 resulted result VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 68 22 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 68 23 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 68 24 significant significant JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 68 25 60 60 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 68 26 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 68 27 reduction reduction NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 68 28 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 68 29 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 68 30 Vulnerability Vulnerability NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 68 31 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 68 32 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 68 33 varies vary VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 68 34 considerably considerably RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 68 35 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 68 36 one one CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 68 37 epidemic epidemic NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 68 38 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 68 39 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 68 40 next next JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 68 41 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 68 42 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 68 43 do do VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 68 44 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 68 45 issues issue NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 68 46 facing face VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 68 47 vulnerable vulnerable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 68 48 groups group NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 68 49 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 69 1 For for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 69 2 example example NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 69 3 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 69 4 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 69 5 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 69 6 concentrated concentrated JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 69 7 epidemic epidemic NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 69 8 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 69 9 such such JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 69 10 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 69 11 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 69 12 Asia Asia NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 69 13 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 69 14 Latin Latin NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 69 15 America America NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 69 16 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 69 17 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 69 18 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 69 19 occurs occur VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 69 20 primarily primarily RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 69 21 among among IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 69 22 vulnerable vulnerable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 69 23 groups group NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 69 24 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 69 25 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 69 26 programs program NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 69 27 targeted target VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 69 28 at at IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 69 29 vulnerable vulnerable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 69 30 groups group NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 69 31 would would MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 69 32 reduce reduce VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 69 33 infection infection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 69 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 69 35 Auvert Auvert NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 69 36 et et FW cord-017675-in9r33ww 69 37 al al NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 69 38 . . NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 69 39 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 69 40 2005 2005 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 69 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 69 42 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 70 1 These these DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 70 2 results result NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 70 3 were be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 70 4 confirmed confirm VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 70 5 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 70 6 two two CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 70 7 other other JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 70 8 trials trial NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 70 9 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 71 1 9 9 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 72 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 72 2 Way Way NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 72 3 Forward Forward NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 72 4 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 72 5 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 72 6 Treatment Treatment NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 72 7 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 72 8 Human Human NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 72 9 Rights Rights NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 72 10 trated trate VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 72 11 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 72 12 Fig Fig NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 72 13 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 73 1 9 9 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 73 2 .4 .4 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 73 3 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 74 1 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 74 2 such such JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 74 3 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 74 4 Cameroon Cameroon NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 74 5 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 74 6 where where WRB cord-017675-in9r33ww 74 7 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 74 8 1997 1997 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 74 9 survey survey NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 74 10 found find VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 74 11 sexual sexual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 74 12 behavior behavior NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 74 13 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 74 14 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 74 15 overall overall JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 74 16 infection infection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 74 17 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 75 1 However however RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 75 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 75 3 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 75 4 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 75 5 generalized generalized JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 75 6 epidemic epidemic NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 75 7 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 75 8 such such JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 75 9 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 75 10 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 75 11 several several JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 75 12 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 75 13 groups group NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 75 14 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 75 15 Halperin Halperin NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 75 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 75 17 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 75 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 75 19 argues argue VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 75 20 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 75 21 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 75 22 would would MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 75 23 continue continue VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 75 24 unabated unabated JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 75 25 despite despite IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 75 26 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 75 27 programs program NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 75 28 targeted target VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 75 29 at at IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 75 30 vulnerable vulnerable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 75 31 groups group NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 75 32 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 76 1 However however RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 76 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 76 3 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 76 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 76 5 noted note VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 76 6 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 76 7 Chap Chap NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 76 8 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 77 1 4 4 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 77 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 77 3 research research NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 77 4 regarding regard VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 77 5 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 77 6 relationship relationship NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 77 7 between between IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 77 8 trade trade NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 77 9 routes route NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 77 10 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 77 11 truckers trucker NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 77 12 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 77 13 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 77 14 workers worker NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 77 15 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 77 16 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 77 17 propagation propagation NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 77 18 contradicts contradict VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 77 19 this this DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 77 20 idea idea NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 77 21 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 78 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 78 2 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 78 3 generalized generalized JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 78 4 epidemic epidemic NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 78 5 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 78 6 where where WRB cord-017675-in9r33ww 78 7 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 78 8 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 78 9 spread spread VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 78 10 along along IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 78 11 trade trade NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 78 12 routes route NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 78 13 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 78 14 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 78 15 programs program NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 78 16 targeted target VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 78 17 at at IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 78 18 truckers trucker NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 78 19 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 78 20 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 78 21 workers worker NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 78 22 would would MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 78 23 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 78 24 effective effective JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 78 25 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 78 26 bringing bring VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 78 27 down down RP cord-017675-in9r33ww 78 28 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 78 29 growth growth NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 78 30 rate rate NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 78 31 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 78 32 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 78 33 spread spread NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 78 34 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 78 35 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 78 36 disease disease NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 78 37 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 79 1 Having have VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 79 2 multiple multiple JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 79 3 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 79 4 partners partner NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 79 5 increases increase VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 79 6 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 79 7 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 79 8 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 79 9 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 79 10 infection infection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 79 11 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 79 12 both both CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 79 13 concentrated concentrated JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 79 14 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 79 15 generalized generalized JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 79 16 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 79 17 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 79 18 but but CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 79 19 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 79 20 impact impact NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 79 21 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 79 22 this this DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 79 23 factor factor NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 79 24 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 79 25 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 79 26 prevalence prevalence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 79 27 rates rate NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 79 28 can can MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 79 29 vary vary VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 79 30 considerably considerably RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 79 31 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 1 For for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 2 example example NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 3 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 4 even even RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 5 though though IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 6 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 7 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 8 States States NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 9 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 10 Uganda Uganda NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 11 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 12 similar similar JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 13 rates rate NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 14 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 15 multiple multiple JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 16 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 17 partners partner NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 18 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 19 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 20 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 21 number number NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 22 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 23 sexual sexual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 24 partners partner NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 25 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 26 men man NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 27 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 28 women woman NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 29 had have VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 30 over over IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 31 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 32 10-year 10-year CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 33 period period NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 34 were be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 35 much much RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 36 higher high JJR cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 37 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 38 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 39 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 40 States States NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 41 than than IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 42 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 43 Uganda Uganda NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 44 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 45 Uganda Uganda NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 46 's 's POS cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 47 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 48 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 49 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 50 prevalence prevalence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 51 rate rate NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 52 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 53 about about RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 54 18 18 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 55 times time NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 56 higher high JJR cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 57 than than IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 58 that that DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 59 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 60 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 61 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 62 States States NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 63 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 64 Halperin Halperin NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 65 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 66 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 80 67 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 81 1 However however RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 81 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 81 3 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 81 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 81 5 noted note VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 81 6 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 81 7 Chap Chap NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 81 8 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 82 1 8 8 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 82 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 82 3 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 82 4 recent recent JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 82 5 study study NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 82 6 indicates indicate VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 82 7 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 82 8 abstinence abstinence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 82 9 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 82 10 only only JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 82 11 programs program NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 82 12 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 82 13 as as RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 82 14 effective effective JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 82 15 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 82 16 providing provide VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 82 17 no no DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 82 18 information information NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 82 19 at at RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 82 20 all all RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 82 21 when when WRB cord-017675-in9r33ww 82 22 it -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 82 23 comes come VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 82 24 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 82 25 preventing prevent VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 82 26 pregnancies pregnancy NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 82 27 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 82 28 unprotected unprotected JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 82 29 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 82 30 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 82 31 sexually sexually RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 82 32 transmitted transmit VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 82 33 diseases disease NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 82 34 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 83 1 Abstinence abstinence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 83 2 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 83 3 plus plus CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 83 4 interventions intervention NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 83 5 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 83 6 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 83 7 promote promote VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 83 8 sexual sexual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 83 9 abstinence abstinence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 83 10 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 83 11 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 83 12 best good JJS cord-017675-in9r33ww 83 13 means mean NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 83 14 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 83 15 preventing prevent VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 83 16 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 83 17 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 83 18 but but CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 83 19 also also RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 83 20 encourage encourage VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 83 21 condom condom NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 83 22 use use NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 83 23 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 83 24 other other JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 83 25 safer safe JJR cord-017675-in9r33ww 83 26 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 83 27 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 83 28 practices practice NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 83 29 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 83 30 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 83 31 more more RBR cord-017675-in9r33ww 83 32 effective effective JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 83 33 than than IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 83 34 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 83 35 proven prove VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 83 36 strategies strategy NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 83 37 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 83 38 preventing prevent VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 83 39 blood blood NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 83 40 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 83 41 borne bear VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 83 42 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 83 43 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 83 44 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 2 1 1 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 4 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 5 supply supply VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 6 injection injection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 7 drug drug NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 8 users user NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 9 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 10 clean clean JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 11 injection injection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 12 equipment equipment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 13 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 15 2 2 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 17 methadone methadone NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 18 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 19 other other JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 20 substitution substitution NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 21 therapy therapy NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 22 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 23 reduce reduce VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 24 drug drug NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 25 dependence dependence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 26 ; ; , cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 28 3 3 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 30 blood blood NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 31 safety safety NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 32 programs program NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 33 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 34 including include VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 35 screening screening NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 36 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 37 donated donate VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 38 blood blood NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 39 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 40 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 42 4 4 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 44 infection infection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 45 control control NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 46 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 47 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 48 care care NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 49 settings setting NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 50 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 51 including include VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 52 injection injection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 53 safety safety NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 54 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 55 antiretroviral antiretroviral JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 56 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 57 following follow VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 58 exposure exposure NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 59 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 60 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 84 61 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 85 1 As as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 85 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 85 3 noted note VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 85 4 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 85 5 Chap Chap NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 85 6 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 1 8 8 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 3 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 4 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 5 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 6 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 7 infection infection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 8 through through IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 9 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 10 use use NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 11 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 12 blood blood NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 13 products product NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 14 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 15 recognized recognize VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 16 as as RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 17 early early JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 18 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 19 1982 1982 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 20 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 21 but but CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 22 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 23 were be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 24 slow slow JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 25 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 26 adopt adopt VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 27 measures measure NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 28 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 29 ensure ensure VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 30 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 31 safety safety NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 32 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 33 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 34 blood blood NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 35 supply supply NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 36 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 37 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 38 World World NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 39 Health Health NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 40 Organization Organization NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 42 WHO who WP cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 44 passed pass VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 45 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 46 resolution resolution NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 47 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 48 blood blood NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 49 products product NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 50 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 51 made make VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 52 no no DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 53 mention mention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 54 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 55 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 56 as as RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 57 late late RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 58 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 59 January January NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 60 1987 1987 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 86 61 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 87 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 87 2 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 87 3 1990s 1990 NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 87 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 87 5 Chinese chinese JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 87 6 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 87 7 authorities authority NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 87 8 promoted promote VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 87 9 bloodselling bloodselle VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 87 10 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 87 11 poor poor JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 87 12 farmers farmer NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 87 13 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 87 14 commercial commercial JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 87 15 blood blood NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 87 16 collection collection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 87 17 centers center NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 87 18 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 87 19 despite despite IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 87 20 warnings warning NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 87 21 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 87 22 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 87 23 WHO WHO NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 87 24 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 87 25 spreading spread VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 87 26 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 87 27 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 87 28 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 87 29 through through IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 87 30 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 87 31 blood blood NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 87 32 fractionation fractionation NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 87 33 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 87 34 reinjection reinjection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 87 35 process process NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 87 36 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 88 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 88 2 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 88 3 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 88 4 new new JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 88 5 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 88 6 infections infection NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 88 7 through through IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 88 8 hospital hospital NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 88 9 blood blood NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 88 10 transfusions transfusion NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 88 11 continued continue VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 88 12 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 88 13 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 88 14 reported report VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 88 15 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 88 16 China China NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 88 17 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 88 18 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 88 19 illegal illegal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 88 20 underground underground JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 88 21 blood blood NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 88 22 collection collection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 88 23 centers center NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 88 24 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 88 25 continued continue VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 88 26 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 88 27 operate operate VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 88 28 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 89 1 Box box NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 89 2 9.2 9.2 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 89 3 recounts recount VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 89 4 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 89 5 story story NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 89 6 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 89 7 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 89 8 Libyan libyan JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 89 9 scandal scandal NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 89 10 over over IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 89 11 blood blood NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 89 12 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 89 13 borne bear VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 89 14 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 89 15 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 89 16 children child NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 89 17 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 90 1 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 90 2 Southern Southern NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 90 3 Africa Africa NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 90 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 90 5 where where WRB cord-017675-in9r33ww 90 6 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 90 7 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 90 8 occurs occur VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 90 9 primarily primarily RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 90 10 outside outside IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 90 11 vulnerable vulnerable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 90 12 307 307 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 90 13 abstinence abstinence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 90 14 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 90 15 only only JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 90 16 programs program NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 90 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 90 18 Underhill Underhill NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 90 19 et et NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 90 20 al al NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 90 21 . . NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 90 22 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 90 23 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 90 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 90 25 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 91 1 On on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 91 2 December December NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 91 3 14 14 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 91 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 91 5 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 91 6 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 91 7 Sixth Sixth NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 91 8 Sense Sense NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 91 9 Productions Productions NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 91 10 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 91 11 Inc. Inc. NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 91 12 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 91 13 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 91 14 independent independent JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 91 15 Holly Holly NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 91 16 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 91 17 Snezhana Snezhana NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 91 18 Dimitrova Dimitrova NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 91 19 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 91 20 Valentina Valentina NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 91 21 Siropulo Siropulo NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 91 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 91 23 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 91 24 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 91 25 Palestinian palestinian JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 91 26 medical medical JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 91 27 intern intern NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 91 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 91 29 Ashraf Ashraf NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 91 30 Ahmad Ahmad NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 91 31 Djum'a Djum'a NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 91 32 al al NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 91 33 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 91 34 Hadjudj Hadjudj NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 91 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 91 36 who who WP cord-017675-in9r33ww 91 37 were be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 91 38 jailed jail VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 91 39 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 91 40 Libya Libya NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 91 41 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 91 42 faced face VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 91 43 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 91 44 death death NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 91 45 penalty penalty NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 91 46 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 91 47 allegedly allegedly RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 91 48 infecting infect VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 91 49 children child NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 91 50 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 91 51 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 91 52 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 92 1 This this DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 92 2 news news NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 92 3 item item NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 92 4 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 92 5 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 92 6 postscript postscript NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 92 7 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 92 8 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 92 9 long long JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 92 10 international international JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 92 11 drama drama NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 92 12 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 92 13 began begin VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 92 14 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 92 15 unfold unfold VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 92 16 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 92 17 1999 1999 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 92 18 when when WRB cord-017675-in9r33ww 92 19 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 92 20 medics medic NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 92 21 were be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 92 22 arrested arrest VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 92 23 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 92 24 charges charge NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 92 25 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 92 26 injecting inject VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 92 27 418 418 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 92 28 Libyan libyan JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 92 29 children child NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 92 30 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 92 31 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 92 32 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 92 33 tainted taint VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 92 34 blood blood NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 92 35 while while IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 92 36 at at IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 92 37 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 92 38 Benghazi Benghazi NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 92 39 hospital hospital NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 92 40 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 93 1 Of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 93 2 them -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 93 3 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 93 4 over over IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 93 5 50 50 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 93 6 had have VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 93 7 died die VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 93 8 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 93 9 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 93 10 end end NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 93 11 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 93 12 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 93 13 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 94 1 One one CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 94 2 important important JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 94 3 report report NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 94 4 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 94 5 submitted submit VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 94 6 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 94 7 Luc Luc NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 94 8 Montagnier Montagnier NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 94 9 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 94 10 Vittorio Vittorio NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 94 11 Colizzitwo Colizzitwo NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 94 12 leading lead VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 94 13 experts expert NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 94 14 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 94 15 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 94 16 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 94 17 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 94 18 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 95 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 95 2 report report NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 95 3 concluded conclude VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 95 4 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 95 5 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 95 6 infection infection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 95 7 at at IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 95 8 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 95 9 infections infection NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 95 10 began begin VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 95 11 before before IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 95 12 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 95 13 arrival arrival NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 95 14 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 95 15 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 95 16 nurses nurse NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 95 17 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 95 18 doctor doctor NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 95 19 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 95 20 1998 1998 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 95 21 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 96 1 Through through IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 96 2 hospital hospital NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 96 3 records record NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 96 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 96 5 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 96 6 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 96 7 DNA dna NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 96 8 sequences sequence NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 96 9 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 96 10 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 96 11 virus virus NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 96 12 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 96 13 they -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 96 14 traced trace VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 96 15 it -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 96 16 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 96 17 patient patient VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 96 18 n.356 n.356 NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 96 19 who who WP cord-017675-in9r33ww 96 20 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 96 21 admitted admit VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 96 22 28 28 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 96 23 times time NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 96 24 between between IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 96 25 1994 1994 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 96 26 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 96 27 1997 1997 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 96 28 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 96 29 Ward Ward NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 96 30 B B NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 96 31 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 96 32 ISO ISO NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 96 33 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 96 34 Ward Ward NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 96 35 A. A. NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 97 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 97 2 first first JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 97 3 cross cross NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 97 4 - - NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 97 5 contamination contamination NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 97 6 occurred occur VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 97 7 during during IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 97 8 that that DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 97 9 patient patient NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 97 10 's 's POS cord-017675-in9r33ww 97 11 1997 1997 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 97 12 admission admission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 97 13 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 98 1 Montagnier Montagnier NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 98 2 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 98 3 Colizzi Colizzi NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 98 4 both both DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 98 5 testified testify VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 98 6 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 98 7 person person NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 98 8 at at IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 98 9 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 98 10 trial trial NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 98 11 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 98 12 record record NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 98 13 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 98 14 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 98 15 defense defense NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 98 16 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 99 1 On on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 99 2 that that DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 99 3 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 99 4 strain strain NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 99 5 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 99 6 virus virus NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 99 7 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 99 8 already already RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 99 9 present present JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 99 10 before before IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 99 11 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 99 12 arrival arrival NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 99 13 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 99 14 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 99 15 six six CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 99 16 accused accuse VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 99 17 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 100 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 100 2 accused accuse VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 100 3 were be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 100 4 tried try VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 100 5 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 100 6 retried retry VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 100 7 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 101 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 101 2 Libyans Libyans NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 101 3 had have VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 101 4 signed sign VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 101 5 confessions confession NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 101 6 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 101 7 them -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 102 1 -which -which . cord-017675-in9r33ww 103 1 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 103 2 accused accuse VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 103 3 said say VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 103 4 were be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 103 5 extracted extract VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 103 6 under under IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 103 7 torture torture NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 103 8 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 104 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 104 2 final final JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 104 3 verdict verdict NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 104 4 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 104 5 2006 2006 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 104 6 sentenced sentence VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 104 7 them -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 104 8 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 104 9 death death NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 104 10 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 104 11 firing fire VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 104 12 squad squad NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 104 13 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 105 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 105 2 Libyan libyan JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 105 3 President President NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 105 4 likened liken VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 105 5 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 105 6 Scotland Scotland NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 105 7 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 105 8 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 105 9 bombing bombing NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 105 10 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 105 11 Pan Pan NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 105 12 Am Am NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 105 13 Flight Flight NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 105 14 103 103 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 105 15 over over IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 105 16 Lockerbie Lockerbie NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 105 17 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 105 18 Scotland Scotland NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 105 19 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 105 20 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 105 21 21 21 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 105 22 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 105 23 political political JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 105 24 favors favor NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 105 25 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 105 26 exchange exchange NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 105 27 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 105 28 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 105 29 release release NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 105 30 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 105 31 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 105 32 six six CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 105 33 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 106 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 106 2 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 106 3 end end NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 106 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 106 5 Bulgaria Bulgaria NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 106 6 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 106 7 Qatar Qatar NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 106 8 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 106 9 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 106 10 group group NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 106 11 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 106 12 European european JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 106 13 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 106 14 funneled funnel VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 106 15 USD usd NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 106 16 460 460 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 106 17 million million CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 106 18 into into IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 106 19 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 106 20 International International NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 106 21 Fund Fund NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 106 22 Benghazi Benghazi NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 106 23 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 106 24 finance finance VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 106 25 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 106 26 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 106 27 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 106 28 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 106 29 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 106 30 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 106 31 infected infect VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 106 32 children child NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 106 33 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 106 34 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 106 35 improvement improvement NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 106 36 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 106 37 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 106 38 Libyan libyan JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 106 39 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 106 40 care care NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 106 41 system system NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 106 42 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 107 1 France France NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 107 2 played play VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 107 3 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 107 4 pivotal pivotal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 107 5 role role NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 107 6 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 107 7 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 107 8 final final JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 107 9 release release NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 107 10 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 107 11 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 107 12 accused accuse VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 107 13 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 108 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 108 2 exchange exchange NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 108 3 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 108 4 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 108 5 release release NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 108 6 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 108 7 France France NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 108 8 agreed agree VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 108 9 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 108 10 sell sell VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 108 11 antitank antitank JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 108 12 missiles missile NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 108 13 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 108 14 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 108 15 technology technology NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 108 16 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 108 17 Libya Libya NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 108 18 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 109 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 109 2 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 109 3 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 109 4 win win NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 109 5 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 109 6 win win NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 109 7 deal deal NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 109 8 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 109 9 France France NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 109 10 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 109 11 they -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 109 12 did do VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 109 13 multi multi JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 109 14 - - JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 109 15 million million CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 109 16 dollar dollar NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 109 17 business business NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 109 18 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 109 19 Libya Libya NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 109 20 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 109 21 got get VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 109 22 publicity publicity NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 109 23 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 109 24 helping help VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 109 25 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 109 26 release release NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 109 27 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 109 28 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 109 29 accused accuse VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 109 30 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 110 1 When when WRB cord-017675-in9r33ww 110 2 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 110 3 nurses nurse NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 110 4 returned return VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 110 5 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 110 6 Bulgaria Bulgaria NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 110 7 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 110 8 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 110 9 government government NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 110 10 endorsed endorse VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 110 11 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 110 12 10,000 10,000 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 110 13 leva leva NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 110 14 reimbursement reimbursement NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 110 15 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 110 16 each each DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 110 17 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 110 18 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 110 19 nurses nurse NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 110 20 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 111 1 A a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 111 2 Bulgarian bulgarian JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 111 3 mobile mobile JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 111 4 telephony telephony NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 111 5 provider provider NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 111 6 donated donate VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 111 7 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 111 8 apartment apartment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 111 9 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 111 10 each each DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 111 11 nurse nurse NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 111 12 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 112 1 9 9 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 2 Way Way NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 3 Forward Forward NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 4 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 5 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 6 Treatment Treatment NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 7 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 8 Human Human NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 9 Rights Rights NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 10 14 14 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 11 December December NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 12 2006 2006 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 13 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 14 Nature Nature NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 16 446 446 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 17 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 18 836 836 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 19 - - SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 20 837 837 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 22 published publish VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 23 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 24 report report NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 25 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 26 also also RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 27 concluded conclude VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 28 wood wood NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 29 producer producer NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 30 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 31 announced announce VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 32 plans plan NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 33 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 34 make make VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 35 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 36 USD usd NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 37 40 40 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 38 million million CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 39 movie movie NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 40 about about RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 41 five five CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 42 event event NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 43 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 44 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 45 case case NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 46 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 47 Abdel Abdel NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 48 Basset Basset NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 49 Ali Ali NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 50 al al NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 51 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 52 Megrahi Megrahi NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 53 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 54 who who WP cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 55 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 56 serving serve VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 57 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 58 life life NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 59 sentence sentence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 60 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 61 hospital hospital NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 62 resulted result VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 63 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 64 poor poor JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 65 hygiene hygiene NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 66 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 67 reuse reuse NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 68 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 69 syringes syrinx NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 113 70 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 114 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 114 2 concluded conclude VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 114 3 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 114 4 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 114 5 Bulgarian bulgarian JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 114 6 nurses nurse NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 114 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 114 8 Kristiyana Kristiyana NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 114 9 Vulcheva Vulcheva NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 114 10 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 114 11 Nasya Nasya NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 114 12 Nenova Nenova NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 114 13 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 114 14 Valya Valya NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 114 15 Chervenyashka Chervenyashka NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 114 16 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 114 17 December December NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 114 18 1988 1988 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 114 19 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 1 Thus thus RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 4 became become VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 5 clear clear JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 6 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 7 Libya Libya NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 8 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 9 trying try VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 10 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 11 extract extract VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 12 economic economic JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 13 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 14 proven prove VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 15 strategies strategy NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 16 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 17 preventing prevent VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 18 mother mother NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 19 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 20 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 21 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 22 child child NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 23 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 24 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 25 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 27 1 1 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 29 general general JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 30 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 31 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 32 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 33 women woman NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 34 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 35 child child NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 36 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 37 bearing bear VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 38 age age NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 39 ; ; , cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 41 2 2 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 43 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 44 brief brief JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 45 course course NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 46 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 47 antiretroviral antiretroviral JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 48 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 49 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 50 advance advance NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 51 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 52 delivery delivery NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 53 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 54 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 55 can can MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 56 reduce reduce VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 57 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 58 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 59 50 50 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 60 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 61 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 62 but but CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 63 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 64 only only RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 65 received receive VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 66 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 67 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 68 estimated estimate VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 69 11 11 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 70 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 71 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 72 women woman NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 73 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 74 need need NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 75 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 76 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 77 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 78 3 3 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 79 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 80 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 81 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 82 undesired undesired JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 83 pregnancy pregnancy NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 84 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 85 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 86 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 87 positive positive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 88 women woman NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 89 ; ; , cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 90 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 91 4 4 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 92 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 93 breast breast NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 94 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 95 feeding feed VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 96 alternatives alternative NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 97 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 98 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 99 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 100 5 5 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 101 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 102 cesarean cesarean NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 103 delivery delivery NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 104 where where WRB cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 105 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 106 mother mother NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 107 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 108 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 109 high high JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 110 viral viral JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 111 load load NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 112 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 113 Global global JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 114 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 115 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 116 Working Working NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 117 Group Group NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 118 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 119 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 115 120 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 116 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 116 2 developing develop VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 116 3 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 116 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 116 5 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 116 6 small small JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 116 7 but but CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 116 8 growing grow VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 116 9 number number NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 116 10 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 116 11 children child NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 116 12 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 116 13 dying die VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 116 14 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 116 15 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 116 16 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 116 17 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 116 18 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 117 1 As as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 117 2 Fig Fig NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 117 3 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 117 4 9 9 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 117 5 .5 .5 NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 117 6 shows show NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 117 7 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 117 8 some some DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 117 9 4 4 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 117 10 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 117 11 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 117 12 children child NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 117 13 died die VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 117 14 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 117 15 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 117 16 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 117 17 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 117 18 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 117 19 2005 2005 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 117 20 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 118 1 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 118 2 infected infect VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 118 3 mothers mother NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 118 4 carry carry VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 118 5 additional additional JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 118 6 risks risk NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 118 7 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 118 8 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 118 9 baby baby NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 118 10 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 119 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 119 2 Table Table NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 119 3 9 9 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 119 4 .3 .3 NFP cord-017675-in9r33ww 119 5 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 119 6 we -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 119 7 indicate indicate VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 119 8 some some DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 119 9 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 119 10 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 119 11 major major JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 119 12 risks risk NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 119 13 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 120 1 Some some DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 120 2 risks risk NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 120 3 like like IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 120 4 stillbirth stillbirth NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 120 5 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 120 6 high high JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 120 7 infant infant NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 120 8 mortality mortality NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 120 9 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 120 10 been be VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 120 11 found find VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 120 12 only only RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 120 13 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 120 14 developing develop VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 120 15 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 120 16 but but CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 120 17 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 120 18 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 120 19 developed develop VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 120 20 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 120 21 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 121 1 For for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 121 2 these these DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 121 3 additional additional JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 121 4 risks risk NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 121 5 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 121 6 it -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 121 7 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 121 8 been be VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 121 9 suggested suggest VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 121 10 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 121 11 one one CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 121 12 way way NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 121 13 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 121 14 eliminating eliminate VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 121 15 vents vent NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 121 16 mother mother NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 121 17 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 121 18 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 121 19 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 121 20 child child NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 121 21 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 121 22 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 121 23 100 100 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 121 24 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 121 25 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 122 1 Thus thus RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 122 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 122 3 family family NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 122 4 planning planning NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 122 5 could could MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 122 6 also also RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 122 7 help help VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 122 8 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 122 9 reduce reduce VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 122 10 mother mother NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 122 11 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 122 12 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 122 13 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 122 14 child child NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 122 15 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 122 16 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 123 1 O o UH cord-017675-in9r33ww 124 1 t t NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 124 2 h h NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 125 1 e e LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 125 2 r r NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 125 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 125 4 2 2 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 125 5 9 9 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 125 6 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 125 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 126 1 mother mother NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 126 2 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 126 3 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 126 4 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 126 5 child child NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 126 6 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 126 7 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 126 8 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 126 9 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 126 10 have have VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 126 11 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 126 12 baby baby NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 126 13 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 126 14 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 126 15 first first JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 126 16 place place NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 126 17 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 127 1 This this DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 127 2 pre pre NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 127 3 - - NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 127 4 Another another DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 127 5 often often RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 127 6 neglected neglect VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 127 7 aspect aspect NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 127 8 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 127 9 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 127 10 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 127 11 -one -one CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 127 12 prohibited prohibit VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 127 13 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 127 14 funding funding NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 127 15 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 127 16 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 127 17 Bush Bush NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 127 18 administration administration NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 127 19 's 's POS cord-017675-in9r33ww 127 20 international international JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 127 21 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 127 22 programinvolves programinvolve NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 127 23 expanding expand VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 127 24 family family NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 127 25 planning planning NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 127 26 services service NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 127 27 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 127 28 including include VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 127 29 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 127 30 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 127 31 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 127 32 positive positive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 127 33 women woman NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 127 34 who who WP cord-017675-in9r33ww 127 35 do do VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 127 36 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 127 37 want want VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 127 38 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 127 39 conceive conceive VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 127 40 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 128 1 Reducing reduce VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 128 2 unintended unintended JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 128 3 pregnancies pregnancy NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 128 4 could could MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 128 5 greatly greatly RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 128 6 decrease decrease VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 128 7 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 128 8 number number NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 128 9 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 128 10 infected infected JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 128 11 infants infant NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 128 12 as as RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 128 13 well well RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 128 14 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 128 15 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 128 16 number number NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 128 17 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 128 18 children child NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 128 19 who who WP cord-017675-in9r33ww 128 20 eventually eventually RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 128 21 become become VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 128 22 orphans orphan NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 128 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 128 24 Halperin Halperin NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 128 25 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 128 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 128 27 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 129 1 If if IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 129 2 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 129 3 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 129 4 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 129 5 positive positive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 129 6 woman woman NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 129 7 gives give VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 129 8 birth birth NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 129 9 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 129 10 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 129 11 child child NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 129 12 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 129 13 there there EX cord-017675-in9r33ww 129 14 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 129 15 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 129 16 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 129 17 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 129 18 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 129 19 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 129 20 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 129 21 itself -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 129 22 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 129 23 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 129 24 addition addition NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 129 25 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 129 26 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 129 27 other other JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 129 28 risks risk NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 129 29 listed list VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 129 30 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 129 31 Table Table NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 129 32 9 9 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 129 33 .3 .3 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 129 34 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 130 1 However however RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 130 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 130 3 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 130 4 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 130 5 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 130 6 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 130 7 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 130 8 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 130 9 mother mother NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 130 10 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 130 11 child child NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 130 12 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 130 13 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 130 14 100 100 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 130 15 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 130 16 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 131 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 131 2 can can MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 131 3 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 131 4 minimized minimize VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 131 5 through through IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 131 6 drug drug NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 131 7 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 131 8 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 131 9 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 131 10 mother mother NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 131 11 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 131 12 careful careful JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 131 13 birthing birthing NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 131 14 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 132 1 Figure figure NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 132 2 9 9 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 132 3 .6 .6 NFP cord-017675-in9r33ww 132 4 clearly clearly RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 132 5 demonstrates demonstrate VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 132 6 this this DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 132 7 fact fact NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 132 8 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 132 9 using use VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 132 10 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 132 11 data datum NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 132 12 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 132 13 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 132 14 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 132 15 States States NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 132 16 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 133 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 133 2 introduction introduction NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 133 3 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 133 4 zidovudine zidovudine NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 133 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 133 6 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 133 7 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 133 8 mothers mother NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 133 9 before before IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 133 10 childbirth childbirth NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 133 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 133 12 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 133 13 dramatically dramatically RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 133 14 reduced reduce VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 133 15 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 133 16 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 133 17 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 133 18 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 133 19 infection infection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 133 20 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 133 21 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 133 22 baby baby NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 133 23 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 134 1 Since since IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 134 2 1998 1998 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 134 3 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 134 4 most most JJS cord-017675-in9r33ww 134 5 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 134 6 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 134 7 applied apply VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 134 8 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 134 9 regimen regimen NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 134 10 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 134 11 zidovudine zidovudine NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 134 12 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 134 13 28 28 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 134 14 weeks week NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 134 15 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 134 16 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 134 17 NVP NVP NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 134 18 administered administer VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 134 19 during during IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 134 20 labor labor NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 134 21 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 134 22 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 134 23 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 134 24 baby baby NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 134 25 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 134 26 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 134 27 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 134 28 addition addition NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 134 29 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 134 30 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 134 31 7 7 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 134 32 day day NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 134 33 zidovudine zidovudine NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 134 34 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 134 35 lamivudine lamivudine JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 134 36 postpartum postpartum NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 134 37 regime regime NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 134 38 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 135 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 135 2 result result NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 135 3 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 135 4 been be VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 135 5 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 135 6 dramatic dramatic JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 135 7 reduction reduction NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 135 8 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 135 9 infected infected JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 135 10 newborns newborn NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 135 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 135 12 see see VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 135 13 Fig Fig NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 135 14 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 136 1 9 9 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 136 2 .7 .7 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 136 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 136 4 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 137 1 Note note VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 137 2 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 137 3 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 137 4 reduction reduction NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 137 5 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 137 6 been be VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 137 7 evident evident JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 137 8 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 137 9 Europe Europe NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 137 10 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 137 11 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 137 12 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 137 13 States States NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 137 14 since since IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 137 15 1994 1994 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 137 16 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 137 17 when when WRB cord-017675-in9r33ww 137 18 this this DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 137 19 regime regime NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 137 20 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 137 21 introduced introduce VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 137 22 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 138 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 138 2 Thailand Thailand NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 138 3 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 138 4 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 138 5 regime regime NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 138 6 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 138 7 introduced introduce VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 138 8 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 138 9 1996 1996 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 138 10 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 138 11 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 138 12 most most JJS cord-017675-in9r33ww 138 13 parts part NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 138 14 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 138 15 Africa Africa NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 138 16 2 2 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 138 17 years year NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 138 18 later later RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 138 19 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 139 1 Once once RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 139 2 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 139 3 child child NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 139 4 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 139 5 born bear VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 139 6 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 139 7 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 139 8 question question NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 139 9 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 139 10 whether whether IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 139 11 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 139 12 infected infected JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 139 13 mother mother NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 139 14 should should MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 139 15 breastfeed breastfeed VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 139 16 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 139 17 child child NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 139 18 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 140 1 On on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 140 2 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 140 3 one one CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 140 4 hand hand NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 140 5 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 140 6 UNAIDS UNAIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 140 7 estimated estimate VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 140 8 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 140 9 globally globally RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 140 10 there there EX cord-017675-in9r33ww 140 11 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 140 12 300,000 300,000 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 140 13 babies baby NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 140 14 infected infect VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 140 15 through through IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 140 16 breastfeeding breastfeeding NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 140 17 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 141 1 On on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 141 2 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 141 3 other other JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 141 4 hand hand NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 141 5 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 141 6 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 141 7 UNICEF UNICEF NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 141 8 estimates estimate VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 141 9 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 141 10 1,500,000 1,500,000 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 141 11 children child NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 141 12 die die VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 141 13 every every DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 141 14 year year NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 141 15 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 141 16 lack lack NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 141 17 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 141 18 breastfeeding breastfeeding NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 141 19 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 141 20 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 141 21 breastfeed breastfeed NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 141 22 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 141 23 baby baby NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 141 24 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 141 25 _SP cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 1 Key key JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 2 factors factor NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 3 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 4 increase increase VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 5 vulnerability vulnerability NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 6 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 7 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 8 include include VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 9 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 11 1 1 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 13 gender gender NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 14 inequality inequality NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 16 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 17 reduces reduce VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 18 women woman NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 19 's 's POS cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 20 access access NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 21 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 22 information information NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 23 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 24 services service NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 25 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 26 reduces reduce VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 27 power power NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 28 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 29 negotiate negotiate VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 30 safe safe JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 31 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 32 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 33 partners partner NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 34 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 35 increases increase VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 36 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 37 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 38 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 39 sexual sexual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 40 violence violence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 41 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 42 may may MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 43 create create VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 44 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 45 need need NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 46 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 47 depend depend VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 48 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 49 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 50 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 51 economic economic JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 52 survival survival NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 54 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 55 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 56 2 2 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 57 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 58 institutionalized institutionalize VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 59 discrimination discrimination NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 60 against against IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 61 vulnerable vulnerable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 62 groups group NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 63 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 64 such such JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 65 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 66 criminalizing criminalize VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 67 drug drug NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 68 use use NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 69 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 70 needle needle NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 71 possession possession NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 72 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 73 commercial commercial JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 74 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 75 work work NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 76 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 77 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 78 between between IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 79 men man NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 80 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 81 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 82 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 83 3 3 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 84 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 85 poverty poverty NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 86 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 87 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 88 reduces reduce VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 89 access access NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 90 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 91 information information NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 92 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 93 services service NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 94 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 95 access access NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 96 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 97 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 98 tools tool NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 99 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 100 such such JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 101 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 102 condoms condom NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 103 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 104 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 105 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 106 4 4 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 107 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 108 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 109 stigma stigma NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 110 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 111 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 112 discourages discourage VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 113 individuals individual NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 114 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 115 seeking seek VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 116 testing testing NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 117 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 118 disclosing disclose VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 119 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 120 status status NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 121 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 122 seeking seek VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 123 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 124 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 125 related relate VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 126 services service NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 127 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 128 using use VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 129 alternatives alternative NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 130 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 131 breast breast NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 132 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 133 feeding feeding NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 134 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 135 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 136 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 137 formation formation NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 138 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 139 social social JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 140 support support NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 141 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 142 displacing displace VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 143 populations population NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 144 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 145 increase increase VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 146 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 147 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 148 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 149 sexual sexual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 150 violence violence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 142 151 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 143 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 143 2 Global global JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 143 3 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 143 4 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 143 5 Working Working NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 143 6 Group Group NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 143 7 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 143 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 143 9 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 144 1 As as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 144 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 144 3 noted note VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 144 4 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 144 5 Chap Chap NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 144 6 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 145 1 4 4 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 145 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 145 3 there there EX cord-017675-in9r33ww 145 4 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 145 5 no no DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 145 6 clear clear JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 145 7 evidence evidence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 145 8 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 145 9 reducing reduce VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 145 10 poverty poverty NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 145 11 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 145 12 income income NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 145 13 inequality inequality NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 145 14 will will MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 145 15 necessarily necessarily RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 145 16 reduce reduce VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 145 17 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 145 18 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 145 19 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 145 20 prevalence prevalence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 145 21 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 146 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 146 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 146 3 povcondoms povcondom NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 146 4 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 146 5 circumcision circumcision NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 146 6 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 147 1 significant significant JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 147 2 percentage percentage NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 147 3 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 147 4 men man NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 147 5 who who WP cord-017675-in9r33ww 147 6 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 147 7 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 147 8 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 147 9 men man NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 147 10 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 147 11 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 147 12 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 147 13 infected infect VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 147 14 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 147 15 many many JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 147 16 Africa Africa NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 147 17 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 147 18 27 27 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 147 19 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 147 20 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 147 21 Guyana Guyana NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 147 22 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 147 23 33 33 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 147 24 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 147 25 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 147 26 St. St. NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 147 27 Petersburg Petersburg NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 147 28 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 147 29 Russia Russia NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 147 30 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 147 31 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 147 32 73 73 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 147 33 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 147 34 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 147 35 urban urban JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 147 36 Ethiobetween Ethiobetween NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 147 37 vulnerable vulnerable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 147 38 groups group NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 147 39 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 147 40 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 147 41 general general JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 147 42 population population NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 147 43 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 147 44 Bangladesh Bangladesh NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 147 45 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 2 linkages linkage NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 3 between between IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 4 vulnerable vulnerable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 5 groups group NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 6 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 7 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 8 between between IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 9 vulnerable vulnerable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 10 groups group NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 11 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 12 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 13 general general JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 14 Social Social NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 15 strategies strategy NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 16 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 17 address address VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 18 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 19 factors factor NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 20 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 21 increase increase VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 22 vulnerability vulnerability NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 23 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 24 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 25 innities innitie NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 26 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 27 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 28 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 29 positive positive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 30 individuals individual NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 31 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 32 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 33 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 34 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 35 programs program NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 36 ; ; , cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 38 4 4 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 40 visible visible JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 41 political political JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 42 leadership leadership NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 43 ; ; , cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 45 5 5 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 47 engaging engage VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 48 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 49 broad broad JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 50 range range NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 51 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 52 sectors sector NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 53 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 54 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 55 awareness awareness NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 56 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 57 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 148 58 9 9 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 149 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 149 2 Way Way NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 149 3 Forward Forward NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 149 4 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 149 5 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 149 6 Treatment Treatment NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 149 7 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 149 8 Human Human NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 149 9 Rights Rights NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 149 10 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 149 11 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 149 12 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 149 13 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 149 14 strategy strategy NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 149 15 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 150 1 Thus thus RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 150 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 150 3 if if IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 150 4 poverty poverty NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 150 5 reduces reduce VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 150 6 access access NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 150 7 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 150 8 information information NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 150 9 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 150 10 parts part NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 150 11 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 150 12 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 150 13 world world NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 150 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 150 15 28 28 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 150 16 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 150 17 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 150 18 Bangkok Bangkok NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 150 19 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 150 20 15 15 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 150 21 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 150 22 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 150 23 Phnom Phnom NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 150 24 Penh Penh NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 150 25 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 150 26 21.5 21.5 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 150 27 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 150 28 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 150 29 urban urban JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 150 30 Sene Sene NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 150 31 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 150 32 Vulnerable vulnerable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 150 33 groups group NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 150 34 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 150 35 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 150 36 compartmentalized compartmentalize VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 150 37 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 151 1 People People NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 151 2 infected infect VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 151 3 through through IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 151 4 injection injection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 151 5 drug drug NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 151 6 use use NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 151 7 can can MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 151 8 infect infect VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 151 9 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 151 10 sexual sexual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 151 11 partners partner NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 151 12 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 152 1 A a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 152 2 significant significant JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 152 3 percentage percentage NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 152 4 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 152 5 men man NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 152 6 who who WP cord-017675-in9r33ww 152 7 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 152 8 clients client NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 152 9 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 152 10 who who WP cord-017675-in9r33ww 152 11 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 152 12 turn turn NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 152 13 may may MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 152 14 infect infect VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 152 15 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 152 16 spouses spouse NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 152 17 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 152 18 other other JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 152 19 sexual sexual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 152 20 partners partner NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 152 21 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 153 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 153 2 would would MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 153 3 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 153 4 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 153 5 find find VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 153 6 innovative innovative JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 153 7 ways way NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 153 8 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 153 9 improve improve VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 153 10 access access NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 153 11 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 153 12 information information NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 153 13 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 153 14 provide provide VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 153 15 funding funding NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 153 16 measures measure NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 153 17 ; ; , cord-017675-in9r33ww 153 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 153 19 3 3 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 153 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 153 21 gender gender NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 153 22 equity equity NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 153 23 initiatives initiative NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 153 24 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 153 25 empower empower VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 153 26 women woman NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 153 27 ; ; , cord-017675-in9r33ww 153 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 153 29 3 3 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 153 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 153 31 involving involve VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 153 32 commution commution NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 153 33 Working Working NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 153 34 Group Group NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 153 35 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 153 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 153 37 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 154 1 Human human JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 154 2 rights right NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 154 3 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 154 4 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 154 5 core core NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 154 6 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 154 7 most most JJS cord-017675-in9r33ww 154 8 social social JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 154 9 strategies strategy NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 154 10 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 154 11 gal gal VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 154 12 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 154 13 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 154 14 46 46 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 154 15 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 154 16 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 154 17 African african JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 154 18 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 154 19 American american JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 154 20 men man NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 154 21 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 154 22 five five CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 154 23 US US NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 154 24 cities city NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 154 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 154 26 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 1 Sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 2 workers worker NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 3 can can MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 4 infect infect VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 5 many many JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 6 areas area NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 7 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 8 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 9 workers worker NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 10 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 11 very very RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 12 high high JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 13 rates rate NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 14 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 15 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 16 infection infection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 18 50 50 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 19 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 20 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 21 South South NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 22 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 23 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 24 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 25 men man NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 26 also also RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 27 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 28 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 29 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 30 women woman NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 32 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 33 example example NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 34 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 35 20 20 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 36 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 37 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 38 Asia Asia NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 40 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 41 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 43 5 5 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 45 conflict conflict NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 46 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 47 humanitarian humanitarian JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 48 emergencies emergency NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 49 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 50 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 51 reduce reduce VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 52 access access NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 53 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 54 services service NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 55 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 56 inerty inerty NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 57 reduction reduction NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 58 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 59 too too RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 60 broad broad JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 61 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 62 goal goal NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 63 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 64 constitute constitute VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 65 what what WP cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 66 might may MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 67 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 68 considered consider VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 69 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 70 concrete concrete JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 71 312 312 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 72 programs program NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 73 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 74 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 75 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 76 6 6 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 77 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 78 legal legal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 79 reforms reform NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 80 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 81 support support VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 82 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 83 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 84 strategies strategy NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 85 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 86 such such JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 155 87 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 1 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 2 clude clude NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 3 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 5 1 1 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 7 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 8 awareness awareness NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 9 campaigns campaign NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 10 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 11 including include VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 12 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 13 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 14 mass mass NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 15 media medium NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 16 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 18 2 2 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 20 anti anti JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 21 - - JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 22 stigma stigma JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 23 services service NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 24 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 25 access access NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 26 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 27 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 28 tools tool NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 29 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 30 such such JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 31 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 32 condoms condom NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 33 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 34 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 35 concrete concrete JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 36 policy policy NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 37 response response NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 38 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 39 enhance enhance VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 40 access access NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 41 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 42 services service NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 43 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 44 provide provide VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 45 free free JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 46 access access NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 47 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 48 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 49 tools tool NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 50 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 51 such such JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 52 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 53 pia pia NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 156 54 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 157 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 157 2 Global global JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 157 3 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 157 4 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 157 5 Working Working NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 157 6 Group Group NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 157 7 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 157 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 157 9 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 158 1 Figure figure NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 158 2 9 9 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 158 3 .8 .8 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 158 4 shows show VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 158 5 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 158 6 linkages linkage NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 158 7 decriminalizing decriminalize VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 158 8 needle needle NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 158 9 possession possession NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 158 10 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 158 11 anti anti JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 158 12 - - JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 158 13 discrimination discrimination JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 158 14 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 158 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 158 16 Global global JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 158 17 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 158 18 Preven Preven NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 158 19 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 158 20 population population NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 158 21 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 158 22 make make VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 158 23 effective effective JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 158 24 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 158 25 strategies strategy NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 158 26 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 158 27 vulnerable vulnerable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 158 28 groups group NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 158 29 essential essential JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 158 30 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 159 1 Awareness awareness NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 159 2 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 159 3 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 159 4 status status NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 159 5 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 159 6 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 159 7 significant significant JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 159 8 impact impact NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 159 9 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 159 10 rates rate NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 159 11 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 159 12 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 159 13 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 159 14 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 160 1 When when WRB cord-017675-in9r33ww 160 2 unaware unaware JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 160 3 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 160 4 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 160 5 seropositivity seropositivity NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 160 6 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 160 7 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 160 8 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 160 9 rate rate NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 160 10 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 160 11 estimated estimate VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 160 12 at at IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 160 13 8.8 8.8 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 160 14 - - SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 160 15 10.8 10.8 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 160 16 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 160 17 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 160 18 rate rate NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 160 19 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 160 20 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 160 21 estimated estimate VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 160 22 1.7 1.7 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 160 23 - - SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 160 24 2.4 2.4 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 160 25 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 160 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 160 27 Holtgrave Holtgrave NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 160 28 2005 2005 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 160 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 160 30 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 1 However however RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 3 inorder inorder VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 4 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 5 balance balance VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 6 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 7 need need NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 8 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 9 more more JJR cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 10 testing testing NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 11 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 12 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 13 need need NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 14 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 15 respect respect VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 16 human human JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 17 rights right NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 18 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 19 it -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 20 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 21 been be VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 22 recommended recommend VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 23 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 24 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 25 care care NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 26 providers provider NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 27 offer offer VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 28 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 29 recommend recommend VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 30 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 31 testing testing NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 32 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 33 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 34 conjunction conjunction NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 35 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 36 counseling counseling NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 38 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 39 opt opt NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 40 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 41 in in RP cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 42 approach approach NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 44 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 45 rather rather RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 46 than than IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 47 rely rely VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 48 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 49 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 50 client client NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 51 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 52 initiate initiate VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 53 this this DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 54 process process NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 161 55 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 162 1 However however RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 162 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 162 3 mandatory mandatory JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 162 4 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 162 5 tests test NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 162 6 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 162 7 routine routine JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 162 8 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 162 9 testand testand NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 162 10 confidentiality confidentiality NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 162 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 162 12 Jürgens Jürgens NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 162 13 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 162 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 162 15 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 2 major major JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 3 barriers barrier NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 4 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 5 increasing increase VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 6 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 7 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 8 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 9 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 11 1 1 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 13 failure failure NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 14 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 15 target target VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 16 limited limited JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 17 funding funding NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 18 where where WRB cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 19 it -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 20 will will MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 21 have have VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 22 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 23 greatest great JJS cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 24 impact impact NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 25 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 26 due due IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 27 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 28 ing e VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 29 unless unless IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 30 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 31 client client NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 32 opts opt VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 33 out out RP cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 34 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 35 violating violate VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 36 individuals individual NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 37 ' ' POS cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 38 rights right NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 39 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 40 informed informed JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 41 consent consent NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 42 lack lack NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 43 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 44 information information NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 45 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 46 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 47 nature nature NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 48 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 49 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 50 epidemic epidemic NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 51 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 52 ideological ideological JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 53 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 54 non non JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 55 - - JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 56 scientific scientific JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 57 creasing creasing NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 58 access access NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 59 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 60 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 61 testing testing NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 62 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 63 counseling counseling NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 64 also also RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 65 raises raise VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 66 human human JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 67 rights right NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 68 issues issue NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 163 69 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 2 increases increase NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 3 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 4 funding funding NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 5 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 7 4 4 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 9 failure failure NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 10 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 11 integrate integrate VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 12 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 13 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 14 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 15 schools school NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 16 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 17 workplaces workplace NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 18 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 19 other other JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 20 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 21 care care NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 22 programs program NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 23 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 24 such such JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 25 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 26 TB TB NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 27 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 28 reproductive reproductive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 29 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 30 ; ; , cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 31 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 33 5 5 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 35 stigma stigma NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 36 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 37 discrimination discrimination NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 38 against against IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 39 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 40 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 41 positive positive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 42 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 43 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 44 vulnerable vulnerable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 45 groups group NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 46 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 47 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 48 deter deter VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 49 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 50 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 51 seeking seek VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 52 testing testing NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 53 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 54 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 55 services service NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 56 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 57 discourage discourage VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 58 political political JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 59 leadership leadership NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 60 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 61 Global global JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 62 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 63 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 64 Working Working NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 65 Group Group NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 66 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 67 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 164 68 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 165 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 165 2 analyze analyze VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 165 3 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 165 4 problems problem NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 165 5 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 165 6 solutions solution NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 165 7 regarding regard VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 165 8 stigma stigma NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 165 9 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 165 10 discrimination discrimination NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 165 11 against against IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 165 12 HIVpositive HIVpositive NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 165 13 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 165 14 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 165 15 vulnerable vulnerable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 165 16 groups group NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 165 17 later later RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 165 18 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 165 19 this this DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 165 20 chapter chapter NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 165 21 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 166 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 166 2 analyzed analyze VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 166 3 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 166 4 issues issue NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 166 5 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 166 6 inadequate inadequate JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 166 7 financing financing NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 166 8 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 166 9 targeted target VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 166 10 financing financing NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 166 11 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 166 12 donor donor NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 166 13 coordination coordination NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 166 14 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 166 15 Chap Chap NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 166 16 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 167 1 7 7 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 167 2 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 168 1 As as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 168 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 168 3 noted note VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 168 4 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 168 5 Chap Chap NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 168 6 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 169 1 7 7 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 169 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 169 3 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 169 4 lack lack NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 169 5 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 169 6 donor donor NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 169 7 coordination coordination NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 169 8 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 169 9 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 169 10 obstacle obstacle NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 169 11 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 169 12 expanding expand VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 169 13 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 169 14 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 169 15 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 169 16 programs program NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 169 17 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 169 18 due due IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 169 19 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 169 20 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 169 21 administrative administrative JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 169 22 burden burden NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 169 23 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 169 24 it -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 169 25 imposes impose VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 169 26 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 169 27 recipients recipient NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 169 28 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 170 1 As as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 170 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 170 3 noted note VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 170 4 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 170 5 Chap Chap NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 170 6 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 1 8 8 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 3 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 4 US US NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 5 government government NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 6 's 's POS cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 7 foreign foreign JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 8 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 9 program program NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 10 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 11 PEPFAR PEPFAR NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 12 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 13 devotes devote VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 14 only only RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 15 20 20 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 16 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 17 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 18 funding funding NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 19 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 20 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 21 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 22 requires require VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 23 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 24 two two CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 25 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 26 thirds third NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 27 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 28 that that DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 29 amount amount NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 30 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 31 spent spend VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 32 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 33 abstinence abstinence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 34 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 35 only only RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 36 programs program NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 37 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 38 do do VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 39 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 40 promote promote VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 41 condom condom NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 42 use use NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 43 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 44 despite despite IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 45 evidence evidence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 46 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 47 this this DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 48 approach approach NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 49 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 50 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 51 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 52 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 53 effective effective JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 54 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 55 undermines undermine VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 56 best good JJS cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 57 practices practice NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 171 58 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 172 1 PEPFAR PEPFAR NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 172 2 guidelines guideline NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 172 3 also also RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 172 4 undermine undermine VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 172 5 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 172 6 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 172 7 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 172 8 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 172 9 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 172 10 further further RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 172 11 stigmatizing stigmatize VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 172 12 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 172 13 workers worker NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 172 14 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 172 15 prohibiting prohibit VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 172 16 funding funding NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 172 17 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 172 18 needle needle NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 172 19 exchange exchange NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 172 20 programs program NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 172 21 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 172 22 despite despite IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 172 23 evidence evidence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 172 24 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 172 25 such such JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 172 26 harm harm NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 172 27 reduction reduction NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 172 28 programs program NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 172 29 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 172 30 effective effective JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 172 31 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 173 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 173 2 PEPFAR pepfar JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 173 3 approach approach NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 173 4 assumes assume VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 173 5 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 173 6 vulnerable vulnerable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 173 7 groups group NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 173 8 do do VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 173 9 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 173 10 interact interact VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 173 11 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 173 12 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 173 13 rest rest NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 173 14 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 173 15 society society NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 173 16 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 1 PEPFAR PEPFAR NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 2 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 3 perhaps perhaps RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 4 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 5 best good JJS cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 6 example example NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 7 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 8 ideological ideological JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 9 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 10 non non JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 11 - - JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 12 scientific scientific JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 13 restrictions restriction NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 14 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 15 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 16 use use NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 17 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 18 donor donor NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 19 funding funding NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 20 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 21 although although IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 22 it -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 23 also also RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 24 serves serve VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 25 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 26 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 27 example example NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 28 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 29 two two CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 30 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 31 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 32 other other JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 33 significant significant JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 34 barriers barrier NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 35 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 36 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 37 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 38 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 39 due due IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 40 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 41 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 42 promotion promotion NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 43 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 44 stigma stigma NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 45 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 46 discrimination discrimination NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 47 against against IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 48 vulnerable vulnerable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 49 groups group NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 50 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 51 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 52 percentage percentage NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 53 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 54 funding funding NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 55 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 56 it -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 57 allocates allocate VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 58 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 59 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 174 60 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 175 1 However however RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 175 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 175 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 175 4 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 175 5 important important JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 175 6 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 175 7 emphasize emphasize VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 175 8 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 175 9 PEPFAR PEPFAR NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 175 10 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 175 11 done do VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 175 12 more more JJR cord-017675-in9r33ww 175 13 than than IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 175 14 any any DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 175 15 other other JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 175 16 bilateral bilateral JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 175 17 funding funding NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 175 18 program program NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 175 19 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 175 20 address address VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 175 21 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 175 22 need need NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 175 23 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 175 24 adequate adequate JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 175 25 financing financing NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 175 26 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 176 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 176 2 key key JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 176 3 point point NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 176 4 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 176 5 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 176 6 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 176 7 money money NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 176 8 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 176 9 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 176 10 been be VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 176 11 made make VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 176 12 available available JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 176 13 through through IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 176 14 PEPFAR PEPFAR NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 176 15 could could MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 176 16 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 176 17 better well RBR cord-017675-in9r33ww 176 18 spent spend VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 176 19 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 177 1 On on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 177 2 26 26 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 177 3 December December NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 177 4 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 177 5 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 177 6 US US NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 177 7 President President NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 177 8 Bush Bush NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 177 9 signed sign VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 177 10 legislation legislation NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 177 11 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 177 12 lifted lift VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 177 13 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 177 14 1999 1999 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 177 15 ban ban NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 177 16 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 177 17 had have VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 177 18 made make VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 177 19 Washington Washington NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 177 20 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 177 21 DC DC NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 177 22 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 177 23 only only JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 177 24 US US NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 177 25 city city NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 177 26 barred bar VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 177 27 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 177 28 federal federal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 177 29 law law NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 177 30 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 177 31 using use VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 177 32 municipal municipal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 177 33 money money NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 177 34 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 177 35 needle needle NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 177 36 exchange exchange NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 177 37 programs program NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 177 38 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 178 1 Officials official NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 178 2 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 178 3 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 178 4 District District NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 178 5 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 178 6 Columbia Columbia NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 178 7 Health Health NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 178 8 Department Department NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 178 9 planned plan VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 178 10 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 178 11 allocate allocate VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 178 12 USD USD NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 178 13 1 1 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 178 14 million million CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 178 15 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 178 16 such such JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 178 17 programs program NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 178 18 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 178 19 2008 2008 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 178 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 178 21 Urbina Urbina NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 178 22 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 178 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 178 24 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 179 1 Extending extend VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 179 2 this this DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 179 3 change change NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 179 4 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 179 5 policy policy NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 179 6 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 179 7 PEPFAR PEPFAR NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 179 8 would would MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 179 9 enhance enhance VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 179 10 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 179 11 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 179 12 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 179 13 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 179 14 programs program NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 179 15 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 179 16 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 179 17 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 179 18 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 179 19 receive receive VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 179 20 PEPFAR pepfar JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 179 21 funding funding NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 179 22 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 180 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 180 2 Chap Chap NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 180 3 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 181 1 3 3 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 181 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 181 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 181 4 provided provide VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 181 5 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 181 6 overview overview NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 181 7 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 181 8 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 181 9 history history NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 181 10 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 181 11 drug drug NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 181 12 developments development NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 181 13 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 181 14 treat treat VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 181 15 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 181 16 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 181 17 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 181 18 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 181 19 saw see VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 181 20 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 181 21 dramatic dramatic JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 181 22 impact impact NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 181 23 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 181 24 survival survival NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 181 25 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 181 26 triple triple JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 181 27 combination combination NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 181 28 therapy therapy NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 181 29 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 182 1 Without without IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 182 2 this this DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 182 3 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 182 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 182 5 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 182 6 chance chance NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 182 7 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 182 8 surviving survive VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 182 9 10 10 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 182 10 years year NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 182 11 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 182 12 about about RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 182 13 50 50 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 182 14 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 182 15 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 183 1 With with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 183 2 this this DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 183 3 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 183 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 183 5 patients patient NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 183 6 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 183 7 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 183 8 50 50 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 183 9 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 183 10 chance chance NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 183 11 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 183 12 living live VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 183 13 another another DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 183 14 35 35 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 183 15 years year NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 183 16 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 184 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 184 2 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 184 3 early early JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 184 4 1980s 1980 NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 184 5 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 184 6 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 184 7 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 184 8 States States NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 184 9 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 184 10 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 184 11 leading lead VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 184 12 causes cause NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 184 13 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 184 14 death death NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 184 15 among among IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 184 16 25 25 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 184 17 - - SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 184 18 44 44 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 184 19 old old JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 184 20 year year NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 184 21 men man NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 184 22 come come VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 184 23 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 184 24 leading leading JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 184 25 cause cause NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 184 26 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 184 27 death death NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 184 28 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 184 29 this this DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 184 30 group group NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 184 31 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 185 1 Following follow VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 185 2 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 185 3 introduction introduction NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 185 4 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 185 5 universal universal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 185 6 access access NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 185 7 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 185 8 triple triple JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 185 9 combination combination NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 185 10 therapy therapy NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 185 11 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 185 12 deaths death NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 185 13 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 185 14 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 185 15 fell fall VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 185 16 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 185 17 fourth fourth JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 185 18 place place NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 185 19 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 185 20 behind behind IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 185 21 accidents accident NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 185 22 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 185 23 cancer cancer NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 185 24 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 185 25 homicide homicide NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 185 26 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 186 1 As as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 186 2 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 186 3 result result NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 186 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 186 5 whereas whereas IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 186 6 68 68 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 186 7 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 186 8 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 186 9 Americans Americans NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 186 10 considered consider VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 186 11 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 186 12 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 186 13 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 186 14 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 186 15 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 186 16 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 186 17 most most RBS cord-017675-in9r33ww 186 18 urgent urgent JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 186 19 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 186 20 problem problem NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 186 21 facing face VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 186 22 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 186 23 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 186 24 ents ents NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 186 25 became become VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 186 26 so so RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 186 27 important important JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 186 28 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 186 29 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 186 30 we -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 186 31 saw see VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 186 32 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 186 33 Chaps Chaps NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 186 34 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 187 1 5 5 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 187 2 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 187 3 6 6 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 187 4 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 188 1 This this DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 188 2 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 188 3 also also RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 188 4 why why WRB cord-017675-in9r33ww 188 5 access access NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 188 6 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 188 7 There there EX cord-017675-in9r33ww 188 8 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 188 9 five five CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 188 10 classes class NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 188 11 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 188 12 anti anti JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 188 13 - - JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 188 14 HIV hiv JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 188 15 drugs drug NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 188 16 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 188 17 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 188 18 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 188 19 known know VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 188 20 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 188 21 antiretroviral antiretroviral JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 188 22 verse verse NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 188 23 Transcriptase Transcriptase NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 188 24 Inhibitors Inhibitors NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 188 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 188 26 NNRTIs NNRTIs NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 188 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 188 28 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 188 29 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 188 30 began begin VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 188 31 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 188 32 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 188 33 approved approve VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 188 34 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 188 35 use use NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 188 36 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 188 37 1997 1997 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 188 38 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 188 39 stop stop VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 188 40 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 188 41 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 188 42 replicating replicate VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 188 43 within within IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 188 44 cells cell NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 188 45 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 188 46 inhibiting inhibit VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 188 47 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 188 48 reverse reverse JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 188 49 transcriptase transcriptase NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 188 50 protein protein NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 188 51 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 189 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 189 2 4 4 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 189 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 189 4 Fusion Fusion NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 189 5 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 189 6 Entry Entry NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 189 7 Inhibitors Inhibitors NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 189 8 prevent prevent VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 189 9 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 189 10 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 189 11 entering enter VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 189 12 human human JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 189 13 immune immune NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 189 14 sert sert NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 189 15 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 189 16 genetic genetic JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 189 17 material material NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 189 18 into into IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 189 19 human human JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 189 20 cells cell NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 189 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 189 22 http://www.avert.org/introtrt.htm http://www.avert.org/introtrt.htm ADD cord-017675-in9r33ww 189 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 189 24 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 1 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 2 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 3 positive positive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 4 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 5 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 6 prescribed prescribe VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 7 antiretroviral antiretroviral JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 8 therapy therapy NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 9 once once IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 10 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 11 number number NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 12 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 13 CD4 CD4 NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 14 cells cell NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 15 falls fall VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 16 below below IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 17 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 18 certain certain JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 19 threshold threshold NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 20 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 21 when when WRB cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 22 they -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 23 develop develop VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 24 clinical clinical JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 25 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 26 2006 2006 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 27 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 28 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 29 international international JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 30 panel panel NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 31 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 32 experts expert NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 33 continued continue VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 34 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 35 recommend recommend VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 36 these these DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 37 guidelines guideline NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 38 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 39 low low JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 40 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 41 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 42 middle middle JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 43 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 44 income income NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 45 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 46 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 47 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 48 represents represent VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 49 28 28 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 50 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 51 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 52 those those DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 53 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 54 need need NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 55 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 56 WHO who WP cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 57 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 58 UNAIDS UNAIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 59 Progress Progress NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 60 Report Report NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 61 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 62 Universal Universal NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 63 Access Access NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 64 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 65 Treatment Treatment NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 66 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 190 67 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 191 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 191 2 " " `` cord-017675-in9r33ww 191 3 3 3 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 191 4 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 191 5 lion lion NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 191 6 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 191 7 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 191 8 ARV ARV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 191 9 therapy therapy NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 191 10 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 191 11 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 191 12 end end NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 191 13 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 191 14 2005 2005 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 191 15 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 192 1 During during IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 192 2 this this DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 192 3 period period NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 192 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 192 5 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 192 6 number number NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 192 7 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 192 8 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 192 9 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 192 10 low low JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 192 11 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 192 12 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 192 13 middle middle JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 192 14 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 192 15 income income NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 192 16 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 192 17 receiving receive VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 192 18 ARV ARV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 192 19 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 192 20 increased increase VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 192 21 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 192 22 400,000 400,000 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 192 23 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 192 24 1.3 1.3 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 192 25 million million CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 192 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 192 27 WHO who WP cord-017675-in9r33ww 192 28 2006 2006 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 192 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 192 30 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 192 31 _SP cord-017675-in9r33ww 193 1 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 193 2 human human JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 193 3 resources resource NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 193 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 193 5 management management NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 193 6 capacity capacity NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 193 7 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 193 8 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 193 9 ability ability NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 193 10 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 193 11 identify identify VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 193 12 new new JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 193 13 patients patient NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 193 14 through through IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 193 15 testing testing NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 193 16 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 193 17 counseling counseling NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 193 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 193 19 CHAI CHAI NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 193 20 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 193 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 193 22 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 194 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 194 2 Chap Chap NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 194 3 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 195 1 7 7 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 195 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 195 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 195 4 examined examine VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 195 5 multilateral multilateral JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 195 6 funding funding NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 195 7 programs program NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 195 8 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 195 9 address address VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 195 10 these these DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 195 11 capacity capacity NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 195 12 constraints constraint NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 195 13 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 195 14 developing develop VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 195 15 ing ing DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 195 16 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 195 17 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 195 18 just just RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 195 19 that that DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 195 20 -estimates -estimate VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 195 21 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 196 1 As as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 196 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 196 3 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 196 4 noted note VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 196 5 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 196 6 UNAIDS UNAIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 196 7 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 196 8 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 196 9 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 196 10 estients estient NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 196 11 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 196 12 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 196 13 been be VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 196 14 identified identify VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 196 15 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 196 16 requiring require VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 196 17 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 196 18 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 2 reluctance reluctance NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 3 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 4 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 5 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 6 States States NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 7 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 8 allow allow VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 9 PEPFAR PEPFAR NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 10 funding funding NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 11 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 12 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 13 spent spend VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 14 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 15 WHO who NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 16 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 17 approved approve VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 18 drugs drug NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 19 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 20 also also RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 21 been be VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 22 criticized criticize VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 23 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 24 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 25 obstacle obstacle NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 26 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 27 expanding expand VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 28 treatturer treatturer NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 29 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 30 Cipla Cipla NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 31 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 32 created create VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 33 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 34 triple triple JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 35 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 36 combination combination NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 37 drug drug NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 38 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 39 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 40 single single JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 41 pill pill NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 43 Triomune Triomune NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 45 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 46 could could MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 47 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 48 taken take VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 49 twice twice RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 50 daily daily RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 51 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 52 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 53 it -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 54 offered offer VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 55 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 56 sell sell VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 57 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 58 about about RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 59 USD usd NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 60 300 300 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 61 per per IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 62 patient patient NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 63 per per IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 64 year year NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 65 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 66 2001 2001 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 197 67 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 198 1 Cipla Cipla NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 198 2 's 's POS cord-017675-in9r33ww 198 3 Triomune Triomune NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 198 4 offer offer NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 198 5 made make VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 198 6 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 198 7 3 3 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 198 8 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 198 9 5 5 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 198 10 initiative initiative NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 198 11 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 198 12 realizable realizable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 198 13 goal goal NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 198 14 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 198 15 Cipla Cipla NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 198 16 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 198 17 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 198 18 production production NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 198 19 capacity capacity NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 198 20 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 198 21 produce produce VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 198 22 four four CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 198 23 million million CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 198 24 doses dose NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 198 25 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 198 26 Triomune Triomune NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 198 27 per per IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 198 28 day day NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 198 29 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 199 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 199 2 WHO WHO NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 199 3 approved approve VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 199 4 Triomune Triomune NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 199 5 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 199 6 December December NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 199 7 2003 2003 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 199 8 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 199 9 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 199 10 first first JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 199 11 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 199 12 line line NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 199 13 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 199 14 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 199 15 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 199 16 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 199 17 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 199 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 199 19 Hamied Hamied NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 199 20 2005 2005 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 199 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 199 22 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 200 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 200 2 PEPFAR pepfar JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 200 3 restriction restriction NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 200 4 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 200 5 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 200 6 use use NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 200 7 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 200 8 WHO WHO NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 200 9 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 200 10 approved approve VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 200 11 drugs drug NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 200 12 had have VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 200 13 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 200 14 effect effect NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 200 15 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 200 16 preventing prevent VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 200 17 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 200 18 use use NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 200 19 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 200 20 PEPFAR PEPFAR NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 200 21 funding funding NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 200 22 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 200 23 buy buy VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 200 24 Triomune Triomune NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 200 25 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 201 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 201 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 201 3 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 201 4 majority majority NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 201 5 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 201 6 PEPFAR pepfar JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 201 7 funds fund NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 201 8 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 201 9 been be VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 201 10 used use VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 201 11 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 201 12 purchase purchase VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 201 13 patented patent VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 201 14 versions version NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 201 15 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 201 16 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 201 17 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 201 18 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 201 19 drugs drug NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 201 20 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 201 21 rather rather RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 201 22 than than IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 201 23 generic generic JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 201 24 versions version NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 201 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 201 26 see see VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 201 27 Chap Chap NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 201 28 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 201 29 8) 8) NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 201 30 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 202 1 Figure figure NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 202 2 9 9 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 202 3 .9 .9 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 202 4 shows show VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 202 5 how how WRB cord-017675-in9r33ww 202 6 generic generic JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 202 7 competition competition NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 202 8 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 202 9 lowered lower VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 202 10 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 202 11 cost cost NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 202 12 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 202 13 triple triple JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 202 14 combination combination NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 202 15 antiretroviral antiretroviral JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 202 16 therapy therapy NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 202 17 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 203 1 Between between IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 203 2 2001 2001 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 203 3 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 203 4 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 203 5 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 203 6 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 203 7 price price NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 203 8 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 203 9 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 203 10 generic generic JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 203 11 drugs drug NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 203 12 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 203 13 brought bring VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 203 14 down down RP cord-017675-in9r33ww 203 15 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 203 16 price price NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 203 17 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 203 18 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 203 19 originator originator NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 203 20 substantially substantially RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 203 21 -from -from . cord-017675-in9r33ww 204 1 over over IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 204 2 USD USD NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 204 3 10,000 10,000 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 204 4 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 204 5 under under IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 204 6 USD USD NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 204 7 350 350 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 204 8 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 205 1 At at IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 205 2 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 205 3 same same JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 205 4 time time NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 205 5 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 205 6 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 205 7 generic generic JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 205 8 prices price NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 205 9 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 205 10 stayed stay VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 205 11 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 205 12 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 205 13 25 25 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 205 14 - - SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 205 15 30 30 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 205 16 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 205 17 range range NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 205 18 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 205 19 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 205 20 originator originator NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 205 21 price price NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 205 22 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 206 1 PEPFAR pepfar JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 206 2 funds fund NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 206 3 can can MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 206 4 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 206 5 used use VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 206 6 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 206 7 purchase purchase VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 206 8 other other JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 206 9 low low JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 206 10 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 206 11 cost cost NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 206 12 generic generic JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 206 13 equivalents equivalent NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 206 14 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 206 15 several several JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 206 16 patented patent VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 206 17 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 206 18 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 206 19 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 206 20 drugs drug NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 206 21 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 206 22 including include VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 206 23 some some DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 206 24 produced produce VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 206 25 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 206 26 Cipla Cipla NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 206 27 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 207 1 PEPFAR PEPFAR NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 207 2 requires require VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 207 3 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 207 4 generic generic JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 207 5 drugs drug NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 207 6 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 207 7 approved approve VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 207 8 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 207 9 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 207 10 US US NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 207 11 FDA FDA NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 207 12 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 207 13 Canada Canada NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 207 14 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 207 15 Japan Japan NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 207 16 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 207 17 Western Western NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 207 18 Europe Europe NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 207 19 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 207 20 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 207 21 eligible eligible JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 207 22 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 207 23 funding funding NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 207 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 207 25 see see VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 207 26 Chap Chap NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 207 27 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 208 1 8) 8) NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 208 2 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 209 1 If if IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 209 2 US US NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 209 3 FDA FDA NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 209 4 approval approval NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 209 5 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 209 6 sought seek VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 209 7 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 209 8 fixed fix VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 209 9 dose dose NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 209 10 combinations combination NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 209 11 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 209 12 previously previously RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 209 13 approved approve VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 209 14 antiretrovirals antiretroviral NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 209 15 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 209 16 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 209 17 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 209 18 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 209 19 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 209 20 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 209 21 if if IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 209 22 one one CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 209 23 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 209 24 more more JJR cord-017675-in9r33ww 209 25 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 209 26 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 209 27 approved approve VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 209 28 drug drug NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 209 29 components component NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 209 30 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 209 31 covered cover VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 209 32 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 209 33 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 209 34 patent patent NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 209 35 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 209 36 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 209 37 FDA FDA NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 209 38 can can MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 209 39 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 209 40 approve approve VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 209 41 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 209 42 application application NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 209 43 until until IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 209 44 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 209 45 patent patent NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 209 46 expires expire VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 209 47 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 210 1 However however RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 210 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 210 3 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 210 4 application application NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 210 5 can can MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 210 6 receive receive VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 210 7 tentative tentative JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 210 8 approval approval NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 210 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 210 10 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 210 11 recognizes recognize VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 210 12 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 210 13 at at IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 210 14 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 210 15 time time NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 210 16 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 210 17 tentative tentative JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 210 18 approval approval NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 210 19 action action NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 210 20 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 210 21 taken take VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 210 22 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 210 23 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 210 24 application application NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 210 25 meets meet VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 210 26 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 210 27 technical technical JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 210 28 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 210 29 scientific scientific JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 210 30 requirements requirement NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 210 31 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 210 32 approval approval NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 210 33 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 210 34 but but CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 210 35 final final JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 210 36 approval approval NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 210 37 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 210 38 blocked block VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 210 39 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 210 40 patent patent NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 210 41 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 210 42 exclusivity exclusivity NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 210 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 210 44 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 211 1 Products product NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 211 2 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 211 3 receive receive VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 211 4 tentative tentative JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 211 5 approval approval NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 211 6 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 211 7 eligible eligible JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 211 8 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 211 9 procurement procurement NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 211 10 under under IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 211 11 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 211 12 Table Table NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 211 13 9 9 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 211 14 .4 .4 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 211 15 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 212 1 lists list VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 212 2 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 212 3 generic generic JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 212 4 versions version NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 212 5 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 212 6 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 212 7 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 212 8 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 212 9 drugs drug NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 212 10 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 212 11 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 212 12 been be VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 212 13 approved approve VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 212 14 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 212 15 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 212 16 FDA FDA NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 212 17 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 212 18 purchase purchase NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 212 19 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 212 20 PEPFAR pepfar JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 212 21 funds fund NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 212 22 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 212 23 along along IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 212 24 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 212 25 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 212 26 generic generic JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 212 27 companies company NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 212 28 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 212 29 own own VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 212 30 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 212 31 patents patent NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 212 32 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 212 33 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 212 34 specific specific JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 212 35 generic generic JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 212 36 formulations formulation NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 212 37 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 212 38 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 212 39 country country NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 212 40 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 212 41 manufacture manufacture NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 212 42 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 213 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 213 2 fact fact NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 213 3 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 213 4 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 213 5 patents patent NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 213 6 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 213 7 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 213 8 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 213 9 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 213 10 drugs drug NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 213 11 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 213 12 owned own VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 213 13 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 213 14 different different JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 213 15 companies company NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 213 16 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 213 17 delayed delay VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 213 18 combining combine VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 213 19 different different JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 213 20 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 213 21 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 213 22 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 213 23 drugs drug NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 213 24 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 213 25 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 213 26 single single JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 213 27 pill pill NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 213 28 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 213 29 markets market NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 213 30 protected protect VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 213 31 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 213 32 patents patent NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 213 33 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 214 1 One one CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 214 2 such such JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 214 3 pill pill NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 214 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 214 5 Atripla Atripla NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 214 6 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 214 7 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 214 8 created create VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 214 9 through through IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 214 10 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 214 11 joint joint JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 214 12 venture venture NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 214 13 between between IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 214 14 Merck Merck NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 214 15 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 214 16 Bristol Bristol NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 214 17 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 214 18 Myers Myers NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 214 19 Squibb Squibb NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 214 20 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 214 21 Gilead Gilead NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 214 22 Sciences Sciences NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 214 23 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 214 24 combines combine VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 214 25 efavirenz efavirenz NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 214 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 214 27 Bristol Bristol NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 214 28 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 214 29 Myers Myers NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 214 30 Squibb Squibb NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 214 31 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 214 32 Merck Merck NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 214 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 214 34 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 214 35 emtricitabine emtricitabine NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 214 36 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 214 37 tenofovir tenofovir NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 214 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 214 39 Gilead Gilead NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 214 40 Sciences Sciences NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 214 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 215 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 215 2 IB IB NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 215 3 Times Times NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 215 4 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 215 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 215 6 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 216 1 Atripla Atripla NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 216 2 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 216 3 approved approve VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 216 4 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 216 5 sale sale NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 216 6 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 216 7 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 216 8 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 216 9 States States NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 216 10 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 216 11 2006 2006 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 216 12 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 216 13 several several JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 216 14 years year NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 216 15 after after IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 216 16 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 216 17 Indian indian JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 216 18 generic generic JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 216 19 manufacturer manufacturer NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 216 20 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 216 21 Cipla Cipla NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 216 22 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 216 23 had have VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 216 24 started start VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 216 25 manufacturing manufacture VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 216 26 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 216 27 triple triple JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 216 28 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 216 29 combination combination NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 216 30 pill pill NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 216 31 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 216 32 3 3 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 216 33 years year NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 216 34 after after IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 216 35 Cipla Cipla NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 216 36 's 's POS cord-017675-in9r33ww 216 37 pill pill NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 216 38 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 216 39 approved approve VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 216 40 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 216 41 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 216 42 WHO WHO NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 216 43 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 217 1 Approval approval NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 217 2 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 217 3 market market VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 217 4 Atripla Atripla NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 217 5 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 217 6 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 217 7 European European NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 217 8 Union Union NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 217 9 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 217 10 sought seek VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 217 11 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 217 12 December December NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 217 13 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 217 14 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 218 1 Gilead Gilead NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 218 2 Sciences Sciences NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 218 3 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 218 4 Merck Merck NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 218 5 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 218 6 formed form VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 218 7 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 218 8 joint joint JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 218 9 venture venture NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 218 10 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 218 11 market market VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 218 12 Atripla Atripla NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 218 13 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 218 14 developing develop VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 218 15 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 218 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 218 17 IB IB NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 218 18 Times Times NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 218 19 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 218 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 218 21 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 219 1 Table table NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 219 2 9 9 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 219 3 .5 .5 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 219 4 shows show VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 219 5 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 219 6 US US NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 219 7 patents patent NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 219 8 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 219 9 patent patent NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 219 10 owners owner NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 219 11 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 219 12 patent patent NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 219 13 expiry expiry NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 219 14 dates date NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 219 15 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 219 16 selected select VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 219 17 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 219 18 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 219 19 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 219 20 drugs drug NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 219 21 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 220 1 Zidovudine Zidovudine NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 220 2 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 220 3 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 220 4 first first JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 220 5 drug drug NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 220 6 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 220 7 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 220 8 approved approve VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 220 9 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 220 10 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 220 11 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 220 12 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 220 13 infection infection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 220 14 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 221 1 As as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 221 2 Table Table NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 221 3 9 9 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 221 4 .5 .5 NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 221 5 shows show NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 221 6 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 221 7 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 221 8 patent patent NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 221 9 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 221 10 zidovudine zidovudine NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 221 11 expired expire VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 221 12 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 221 13 2005 2005 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 221 14 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 221 15 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 221 16 patent patent NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 221 17 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 221 18 lamivudine lamivudine NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 221 19 expires expire VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 221 20 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 221 21 2009 2009 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 221 22 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 222 1 However however RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 222 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 222 3 Glaxo Glaxo NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 222 4 extended extend VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 222 5 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 222 6 life life NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 222 7 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 222 8 these these DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 222 9 patents patent NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 222 10 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 222 11 2016 2016 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 222 12 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 222 13 combining combine VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 222 14 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 222 15 two two CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 222 16 drugs drug NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 222 17 into into IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 222 18 one one CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 222 19 pill pill NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 222 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 222 21 called call VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 222 22 Combivir Combivir NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 222 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 222 24 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 223 1 While while IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 223 2 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 223 3 new new JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 223 4 combination combination NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 223 5 reduces reduce VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 223 6 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 223 7 number number NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 223 8 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 223 9 pills pill NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 223 10 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 223 11 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 223 12 patient patient NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 223 13 needs need VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 223 14 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 223 15 take take VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 223 16 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 223 17 it -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 223 18 did do VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 223 19 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 223 20 involve involve VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 223 21 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 223 22 invention invention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 223 23 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 223 24 any any DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 223 25 new new JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 223 26 chemical chemical JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 223 27 entities entity NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 223 28 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 224 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 224 2 patent patent NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 224 3 history history NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 224 4 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 224 5 zidovudine zidovudine NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 224 6 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 224 7 been be VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 224 8 cited cite VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 224 9 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 224 10 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 224 11 classic classic JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 224 12 case case NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 224 13 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 224 14 " " `` cord-017675-in9r33ww 224 15 evergreening evergreening NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 224 16 " " '' cord-017675-in9r33ww 224 17 -the -the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 224 18 use use NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 224 19 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 224 20 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 224 21 patent patent NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 224 22 system system NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 224 23 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 224 24 extend extend VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 224 25 drug drug NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 224 26 monopolies monopoly NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 224 27 far far RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 224 28 beyond beyond IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 224 29 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 224 30 term term NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 224 31 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 224 32 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 224 33 original original JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 224 34 patent patent NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 224 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 224 36 Hamied Hamied NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 224 37 2005 2005 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 224 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 224 39 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 225 1 Box Box NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 225 2 9.3 9.3 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 225 3 discussed discuss VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 225 4 evergreening evergreening NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 225 5 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 226 1 Zidovudine Zidovudine NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 226 2 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 226 3 originally originally RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 226 4 synthesized synthesize VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 226 5 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 226 6 1964 1964 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 226 7 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 226 8 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 226 9 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 226 10 potential potential JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 226 11 cancer cancer NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 226 12 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 226 13 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 227 1 Research research NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 227 2 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 227 3 1984 1984 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 227 4 showed show VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 227 5 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 227 6 it -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 227 7 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 227 8 effective effective JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 227 9 against against IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 227 10 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 227 11 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 227 12 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 227 13 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 227 14 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 227 15 formed form VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 227 16 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 227 17 basis basis NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 227 18 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 227 19 Glaxo Glaxo NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 227 20 's 's POS cord-017675-in9r33ww 227 21 1984 1984 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 227 22 patent patent NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 227 23 application application NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 227 24 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 228 1 Following follow VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 228 2 clinical clinical JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 228 3 trials trial NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 228 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 228 5 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 228 6 US US NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 228 7 FDA FDA NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 228 8 approved approve VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 228 9 zidovudine zidovudine NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 228 10 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 228 11 March March NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 228 12 1987 1987 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 228 13 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 228 14 advanced advanced JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 228 15 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 228 16 disease disease NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 228 17 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 228 18 adults adult NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 228 19 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 228 20 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 228 21 patent patent NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 228 22 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 228 23 zidovudine zidovudine NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 228 24 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 228 25 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 228 26 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 228 27 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 228 28 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 228 29 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 228 30 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 228 31 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 228 32 granted grant VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 228 33 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 228 34 February February NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 228 35 1988 1988 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 228 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 228 37 Cochrane Cochrane NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 228 38 2000 2000 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 228 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 228 40 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 229 1 While while IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 229 2 zidovudine zidovudine NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 229 3 alone alone RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 229 4 only only RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 229 5 extended extend VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 229 6 life life NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 229 7 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 229 8 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 229 9 matter matter NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 229 10 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 229 11 months month NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 229 12 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 229 13 once once IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 229 14 it -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 229 15 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 229 16 combined combine VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 229 17 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 229 18 two two CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 229 19 other other JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 229 20 classes class NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 229 21 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 229 22 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 229 23 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 229 24 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 229 25 drugs drug NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 229 26 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 229 27 it -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 229 28 extended extend VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 229 29 life life NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 229 30 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 229 31 years year NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 229 32 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 230 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 230 2 FDA FDA NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 230 3 expanded expand VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 230 4 zidovudine zidovudine JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 230 5 approval approval NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 230 6 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 230 7 1990 1990 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 230 8 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 230 9 include include VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 230 10 Evergreening Evergreening NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 230 11 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 230 12 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 230 13 mechanism mechanism NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 230 14 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 230 15 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 230 16 pharmaceutical pharmaceutical JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 230 17 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 230 18 other other JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 230 19 companies company NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 230 20 can can MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 230 21 keep keep VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 230 22 extending extend VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 230 23 patents patent NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 230 24 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 230 25 drugs drug NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 230 26 after after IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 230 27 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 230 28 initial initial JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 230 29 patents patent NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 230 30 expire expire VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 230 31 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 231 1 over over IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 231 2 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 231 3 fixed fixed JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 231 4 period period NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 231 5 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 231 6 time time NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 231 7 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 232 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 232 2 intention intention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 232 3 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 232 4 providing provide VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 232 5 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 232 6 monopoly monopoly NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 232 7 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 232 8 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 232 9 provide provide VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 232 10 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 232 11 incentive incentive NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 232 12 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 232 13 innovate innovate VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 232 14 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 233 1 Granting grant VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 233 2 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 233 3 patent patent NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 233 4 requires require VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 233 5 three three CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 233 6 elements element NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 233 7 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 233 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 233 9 1 1 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 233 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 233 11 novelty novelty NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 233 12 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 233 13 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 233 14 product product NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 233 15 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 234 1 product product NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 234 2 ; ; , cord-017675-in9r33ww 234 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 234 4 2 2 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 234 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 234 6 non non JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 234 7 - - JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 234 8 obviousness obviousness NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 234 9 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 234 10 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 234 11 new new JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 234 12 product product NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 234 13 ; ; , cord-017675-in9r33ww 234 14 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 234 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 234 16 3 3 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 234 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 234 18 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 234 19 utility utility NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 234 20 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 234 21 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 234 22 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 234 23 role role NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 234 24 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 234 25 patents patent NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 234 26 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 234 27 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 234 28 give give VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 234 29 exclusive exclusive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 234 30 rights right NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 234 31 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 234 32 manufacture manufacture VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 234 33 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 234 34 patented patent VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 234 35 product product NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 234 36 319 319 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 234 37 less less JJR cord-017675-in9r33ww 234 38 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 234 39 advanced advanced JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 234 40 stages stage NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 234 41 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 234 42 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 234 43 disease disease NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 234 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 234 45 Coffey Coffey NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 234 46 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 234 47 Peiperl Peiperl NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 234 48 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 234 49 2006 2006 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 234 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 234 51 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 235 1 To to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 235 2 understand understand VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 235 3 evergreening evergreening NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 235 4 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 235 5 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 235 6 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 235 7 States States NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 235 8 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 235 9 we -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 235 10 need need VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 235 11 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 235 12 examine examine VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 235 13 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 235 14 Drug Drug NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 235 15 Price Price NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 235 16 Competition Competition NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 235 17 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 235 18 Patent Patent NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 235 19 Term Term NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 235 20 Restoration Restoration NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 235 21 Act Act NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 235 22 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 235 23 informally informally RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 235 24 known know VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 235 25 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 235 26 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 235 27 " " `` cord-017675-in9r33ww 235 28 Hatch Hatch NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 235 29 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 235 30 Waxman Waxman NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 235 31 Act Act NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 235 32 " " '' cord-017675-in9r33ww 235 33 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 236 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 236 2 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 236 3 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 236 4 1984 1984 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 236 5 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 236 6 States States NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 236 7 federal federal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 236 8 law law NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 236 9 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 236 10 established establish VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 236 11 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 236 12 modern modern JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 236 13 system system NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 236 14 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 236 15 generic generic JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 236 16 drug drug NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 236 17 approval approval NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 236 18 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 237 1 Hatch Hatch NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 237 2 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 237 3 Waxman Waxman NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 237 4 generic generic NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 237 5 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 238 1 Section section NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 238 2 505 505 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 238 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 238 4 j)(5)(B)(iv j)(5)(B)(iv NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 238 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 238 6 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 238 7 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 238 8 so so RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 238 9 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 238 10 called call VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 238 11 Paragraph Paragraph NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 238 12 IV IV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 238 13 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 238 14 allows allow VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 238 15 180-day 180-day JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 238 16 exvolume exvolume NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 238 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 238 18 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 239 1 For for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 239 2 pharmaceutical pharmaceutical JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 239 3 companies company NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 239 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 239 5 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 239 6 Hatch Hatch NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 239 7 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 239 8 Waxman Waxman NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 239 9 Act Act NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 239 10 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 239 11 created create VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 239 12 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 239 13 perverse perverse JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 239 14 drugs drug NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 239 15 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 239 16 making make VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 239 17 marginal marginal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 239 18 changes change NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 239 19 than than IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 239 20 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 239 21 try try VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 239 22 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 239 23 risky risky JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 239 24 strategy strategy NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 239 25 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 239 26 inventing invent VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 239 27 completely completely RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 239 28 new new JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 239 29 chemicals chemical NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 239 30 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 240 1 Thus thus RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 240 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 240 3 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 240 4 two two CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 240 5 decades decade NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 240 6 following follow VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 240 7 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 240 8 passage passage NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 240 9 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 240 10 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 240 11 Hatch Hatch NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 240 12 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 240 13 Waxman Waxman NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 240 14 Act Act NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 240 15 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 240 16 resulted result VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 240 17 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 240 18 more more JJR cord-017675-in9r33ww 240 19 me -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 240 20 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 240 21 too too RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 240 22 drugs drug NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 240 23 than than IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 240 24 drugs drug NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 240 25 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 240 26 new new JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 240 27 chemical chemical NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 240 28 case case NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 240 29 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 240 30 Prilosec Prilosec NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 241 1 -the -the NFP cord-017675-in9r33ww 241 2 so so RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 241 3 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 241 4 called call VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 241 5 " " `` cord-017675-in9r33ww 241 6 Purple Purple NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 241 7 Pill pill NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 241 8 " " '' cord-017675-in9r33ww 241 9 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 241 10 AstraZeneca AstraZeneca NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 241 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 241 12 USD USD NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 241 13 6 6 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 241 14 billion billion CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 241 15 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 241 16 year year NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 241 17 global global JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 241 18 blockbuster blockbuster JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 241 19 drug drug NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 241 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 241 21 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 241 22 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 241 23 patent patent NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 241 24 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 241 25 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 241 26 expired expire VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 241 27 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 241 28 2001 2001 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 241 29 only only RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 241 30 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 241 31 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 241 32 reincarnated reincarnate VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 241 33 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 241 34 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 241 35 new new JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 241 36 patented patent VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 241 37 drug drug NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 241 38 Nexium Nexium NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 241 39 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 242 1 However however RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 242 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 242 3 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 242 4 30 30 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 242 5 April April NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 242 6 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 242 7 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 242 8 Supreme Supreme NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 242 9 Court Court NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 242 10 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 242 11 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 242 12 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 242 13 States States NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 242 14 issued issue VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 242 15 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 242 16 ruling ruling NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 242 17 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 242 18 KSR KSR NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 242 19 International International NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 242 20 Co Co NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 242 21 v. v. CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 242 22 Teleflex Teleflex NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 242 23 et et NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 242 24 al al NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 242 25 . . NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 242 26 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 242 27 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 242 28 raises raise VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 242 29 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 242 30 bar bar NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 242 31 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 242 32 patent patent NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 242 33 holders holder NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 242 34 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 242 35 prove prove VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 242 36 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 242 37 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 242 38 invention invention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 242 39 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 242 40 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 242 41 obvious obvious JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 242 42 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 242 43 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 242 44 therefore therefore RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 242 45 patentable patentable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 242 46 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 243 1 This this DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 243 2 ruling ruling NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 243 3 will will MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 243 4 make make VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 243 5 many many JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 243 6 existing exist VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 243 7 patents patent NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 243 8 more more RBR cord-017675-in9r33ww 243 9 vulnerable vulnerable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 243 10 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 243 11 make make VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 243 12 it -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 243 13 harder hard JJR cord-017675-in9r33ww 243 14 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 243 15 gain gain VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 243 16 approval approval NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 243 17 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 243 18 new new JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 243 19 patents patent NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 243 20 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 243 21 make make VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 243 22 evergreening evergreening NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 243 23 more more RBR cord-017675-in9r33ww 243 24 difficult difficult JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 243 25 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 243 26 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 243 27 future future NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 243 28 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 244 1 If if IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 244 2 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 244 3 patent patent NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 244 4 claim claim NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 244 5 extends extend VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 244 6 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 244 7 what what WP cord-017675-in9r33ww 244 8 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 244 9 obvious obvious JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 244 10 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 244 11 it -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 244 12 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 244 13 invalid invalid JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 244 14 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 245 1 For for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 245 2 example example NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 245 3 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 245 4 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 245 5 patent patent NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 245 6 's 's POS cord-017675-in9r33ww 245 7 subject subject JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 245 8 matter matter NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 245 9 can can MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 245 10 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 245 11 proved prove VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 245 12 obvious obvious JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 245 13 if if IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 245 14 there there EX cord-017675-in9r33ww 245 15 existed exist VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 245 16 at at IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 245 17 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 245 18 time time NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 245 19 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 245 20 invention invention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 245 21 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 245 22 known know VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 245 23 problem problem NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 245 24 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 245 25 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 245 26 there there EX cord-017675-in9r33ww 245 27 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 245 28 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 245 29 obvious obvious JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 245 30 solution solution NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 245 31 encompassed encompass VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 245 32 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 245 33 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 245 34 patent patent NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 245 35 's 's POS cord-017675-in9r33ww 245 36 claims claim NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 245 37 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 246 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 246 2 Supreme Supreme NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 246 3 Court Court NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 246 4 noted note VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 246 5 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 246 6 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 246 7 " " '' cord-017675-in9r33ww 246 8 granting grant VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 246 9 patent patent NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 246 10 protection protection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 246 11 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 246 12 advances advance NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 246 13 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 246 14 would would MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 246 15 occur occur VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 246 16 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 246 17 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 246 18 ordinary ordinary JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 246 19 course course NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 246 20 without without IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 246 21 real real JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 246 22 innovation innovation NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 246 23 retards retard VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 246 24 progress progress NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 246 25 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 246 26 may may MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 246 27 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 246 28 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 246 29 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 246 30 case case NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 246 31 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 246 32 patents patent NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 246 33 combining combine VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 246 34 previously previously RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 246 35 known know VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 246 36 elements element NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 246 37 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 246 38 deprive deprive VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 246 39 prior prior JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 246 40 inventions invention NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 246 41 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 246 42 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 246 43 value value NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 246 44 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 246 45 utility utility NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 246 46 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 1 " " `` cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 2 It -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 3 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 4 worth worth JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 5 quoting quote VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 6 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 7 full full JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 8 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 9 Court Court NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 10 's 's POS cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 11 description description NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 12 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 13 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 14 reason reason NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 15 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 16 patents patent NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 17 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 18 only only RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 19 granted grant VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 20 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 21 non non JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 22 - - JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 23 obvious obvious JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 24 innovations innovation NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 25 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 26 " " `` cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 27 We -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 28 build build VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 29 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 30 create create VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 31 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 32 bringing bring VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 33 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 34 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 35 tangible tangible JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 36 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 37 palpable palpable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 38 reality reality NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 39 around around IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 40 us -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 41 new new JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 42 works work NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 43 based base VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 44 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 45 instinct instinct NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 46 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 47 simple simple JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 48 logic logic NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 49 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 50 ordinary ordinary JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 51 inferences inference NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 52 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 53 extraordinary extraordinary JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 54 ideas idea NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 55 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 56 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 57 sometimes sometimes RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 58 even even RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 59 genius genius NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 247 60 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 248 1 These these DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 248 2 advances advance NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 248 3 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 248 4 once once IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 248 5 part part NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 248 6 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 248 7 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 248 8 shared share VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 248 9 knowledge knowledge NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 248 10 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 248 11 define define VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 248 12 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 248 13 new new JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 248 14 threshold threshold NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 248 15 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 248 16 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 248 17 innovation innovation NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 248 18 starts start VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 248 19 once once RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 248 20 more more RBR cord-017675-in9r33ww 248 21 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 249 1 And and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 249 2 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 249 3 progress progress NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 249 4 beginning begin VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 249 5 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 249 6 higher high JJR cord-017675-in9r33ww 249 7 levels level NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 249 8 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 249 9 achievement achievement NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 249 10 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 249 11 expected expect VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 249 12 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 249 13 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 249 14 normal normal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 249 15 course course NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 249 16 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 249 17 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 249 18 results result NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 249 19 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 249 20 ordinary ordinary JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 249 21 innovation innovation NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 249 22 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 249 23 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 249 24 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 249 25 subject subject NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 249 26 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 249 27 exclusive exclusive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 249 28 rights right NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 249 29 under under IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 249 30 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 249 31 patent patent NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 249 32 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 249 33 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 250 1 Were be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 250 2 it -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 250 3 otherwise otherwise RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 250 4 patents patent NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 250 5 might may MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 250 6 stifle stifle VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 250 7 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 250 8 rather rather RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 250 9 than than IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 250 10 promote promote VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 250 11 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 250 12 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 250 13 progress progress NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 250 14 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 250 15 useful useful JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 250 16 arts art NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 250 17 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 251 1 " " '' cord-017675-in9r33ww 252 1 9 9 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 253 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 253 2 Way Way NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 253 3 Forward Forward NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 253 4 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 253 5 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 253 6 Treatment Treatment NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 253 7 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 253 8 Human Human NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 253 9 Rights Rights NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 253 10 ents ent NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 253 11 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 253 12 branded brand VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 253 13 counterparts counterpart NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 253 14 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 254 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 254 2 Hatch Hatch NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 254 3 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 254 4 Waxman Waxman NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 254 5 Act Act NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 254 6 encouraged encourage VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 254 7 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 254 8 growth growth NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 254 9 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 254 10 generic generic JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 254 11 industry industry NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 254 12 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 254 13 whose whose WP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 254 14 market market NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 254 15 share share NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 254 16 rose rise VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 254 17 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 254 18 19 19 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 254 19 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 254 20 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 254 21 1984 1984 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 254 22 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 254 23 49 49 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 254 24 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 254 25 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 254 26 2002 2002 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 254 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 254 28 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 254 29 amended amend VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 254 30 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 254 31 Federal Federal NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 254 32 Food Food NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 254 33 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 254 34 Drug Drug NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 254 35 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 254 36 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 254 37 Cosmetic Cosmetic NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 254 38 Act Act NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 254 39 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 255 1 Section section NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 255 2 505 505 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 256 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 256 2 j j NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 256 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 256 4 sets set VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 256 5 forth forth RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 256 6 clusivity clusivity NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 256 7 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 256 8 companies company NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 256 9 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 256 10 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 256 11 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 256 12 " " `` cord-017675-in9r33ww 256 13 first first JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 256 14 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 256 15 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 256 16 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 256 17 file file NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 256 18 " " '' cord-017675-in9r33ww 256 19 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 256 20 ANDA anda NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 256 21 against against IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 256 22 holders holder NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 256 23 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 256 24 pat pat NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 256 25 - - : cord-017675-in9r33ww 256 26 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 256 27 process process NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 256 28 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 256 29 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 256 30 would would MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 256 31 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 256 32 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 256 33 marketers marketer NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 256 34 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 256 35 generic generic JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 256 36 drugs drug NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 256 37 can can MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 256 38 file file VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 256 39 Abbreviated abbreviated JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 256 40 incentive incentive NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 256 41 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 257 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 257 2 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 257 3 given give VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 257 4 them -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 257 5 more more JJR cord-017675-in9r33ww 257 6 incentive incentive NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 257 7 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 257 8 try try VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 257 9 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 257 10 extend extend VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 257 11 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 257 12 life life NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 257 13 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 257 14 existing exist VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 257 15 Abbreviated Abbreviated NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 257 16 New New NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 257 17 Drug Drug NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 257 18 Applications Applications NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 257 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 257 20 ANDAs anda NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 257 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 257 22 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 257 23 seek seek VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 257 24 FDA FDA NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 257 25 approval approval NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 257 26 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 257 27 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 257 28 compounds compound NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 257 29 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 258 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 258 2 most most RBS cord-017675-in9r33ww 258 3 famous famous JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 258 4 documented document VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 258 5 case case NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 258 6 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 258 7 evergreening evergreening NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 258 8 occurred occur VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 258 9 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 258 10 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 258 11 WHO WHO NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 258 12 guidelines guideline VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 258 13 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 258 14 ARV ARV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 258 15 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 258 16 regimens regimen NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 258 17 provide provide VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 258 18 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 258 19 basis basis NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 258 20 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 258 21 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 258 22 range range NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 258 23 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 258 24 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 258 25 protocols protocol NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 258 26 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 258 27 individual individual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 258 28 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 258 29 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 259 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 259 2 individual individual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 259 3 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 259 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 259 5 factors factor NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 259 6 such such JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 259 7 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 259 8 prices price NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 259 9 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 259 10 drug drug NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 259 11 efficacy efficacy NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 259 12 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 259 13 side side NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 259 14 effects effect NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 259 15 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 259 16 also also RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 259 17 taken take VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 259 18 into into IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 259 19 account account NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 259 20 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 260 1 Stavudine Stavudine NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 260 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 260 3 d4 d4 NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 260 4 T T NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 260 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 260 6 recommended recommend VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 260 7 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 260 8 d4 d4 NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 260 9 T T NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 260 10 no no RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 260 11 longer longer RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 260 12 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 260 13 used use VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 260 14 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 260 15 due due IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 260 16 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 260 17 toxicity toxicity NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 260 18 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 261 1 Instead instead RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 261 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 261 3 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 261 4 should should MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 261 5 switch switch VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 261 6 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 261 7 tenofovir tenofovir NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 261 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 261 9 TDF TDF NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 261 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 261 11 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 261 12 zidovudine zidovudine JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 261 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 261 14 AZT AZT NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 261 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 261 16 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 262 1 Of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 262 2 these these DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 262 3 two two CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 262 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 262 5 TDF TDF NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 262 6 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 262 7 preferable preferable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 262 8 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 262 9 because because IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 262 10 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 262 11 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 262 12 efficacy efficacy NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 262 13 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 262 14 safety safety NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 262 15 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 262 16 because because IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 262 17 it -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 262 18 can can MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 262 19 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 262 20 taken take VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 262 21 only only RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 262 22 once once RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 262 23 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 262 24 day day NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 262 25 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 263 1 emtricitabine emtricitabine NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 263 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 263 3 FTC FTC NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 263 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 263 5 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 263 6 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 263 7 one one CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 263 8 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 263 9 triple triple JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 263 10 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 263 11 combination combination NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 263 12 pill pill NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 263 13 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 263 14 can can MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 263 15 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 263 16 taken take VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 263 17 once once RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 263 18 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 263 19 day day NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 263 20 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 1 Patients patient NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 2 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 3 more more RBR cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 4 likely likely JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 5 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 6 adhere adhere VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 7 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 8 this this DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 9 once once RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 10 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 11 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 12 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 13 day day NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 14 regimen regimen NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 15 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 16 thereby thereby RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 17 reducing reduce VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 18 AZT AZT NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 19 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 20 TDF TDF NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 21 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 22 compared compare VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 23 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 24 d4 d4 NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 25 T T NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 26 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 27 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 28 delayed delay VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 29 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 30 shift shift NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 31 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 32 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 33 new new JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 34 regimen regimen NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 35 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 36 many many JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 37 below below RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 39 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 40 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 41 Clinton Clinton NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 42 Foundation Foundation NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 43 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 44 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 45 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 46 Initiative Initiative NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 48 CHAI CHAI NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 50 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 51 negotiated negotiate VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 52 price price NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 53 reductions reduction NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 54 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 55 several several JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 56 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 57 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 58 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 59 drugs drug NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 60 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 61 use use NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 62 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 63 27 27 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 64 low low JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 65 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 66 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 67 middle middle JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 68 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 69 income income NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 70 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 71 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 72 see see VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 73 Table Table NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 74 9 9 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 75 .6 .6 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 76 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 264 77 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 265 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 265 2 Clinton Clinton NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 265 3 Foundation Foundation NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 265 4 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 265 5 discussed discuss VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 265 6 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 265 7 Chap Chap NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 265 8 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 266 1 7 7 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 266 2 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 267 1 As as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 267 2 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 267 3 May May NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 267 4 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 267 5 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 267 6 750,000 750,000 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 267 7 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 267 8 were be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 267 9 benefiting benefit VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 267 10 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 267 11 medicines medicine NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 267 12 purchased purchase VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 267 13 under under IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 267 14 CHAI CHAI NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 267 15 agreements agreement NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 267 16 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 267 17 50 50 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 267 18 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 267 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 267 20 CHAI CHAI NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 267 21 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 267 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 267 23 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 268 1 Table table NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 268 2 9 9 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 268 3 .6 .6 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 268 4 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 269 1 First first RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 269 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 269 3 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 269 4 prices price NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 269 5 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 269 6 generally generally RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 269 7 higher high JJR cord-017675-in9r33ww 269 8 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 269 9 middle middle JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 269 10 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 269 11 income income NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 269 12 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 269 13 than than IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 269 14 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 269 15 low low JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 269 16 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 269 17 income income NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 269 18 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 269 19 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 270 1 Thus thus RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 270 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 270 3 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 270 4 pharmaceutical pharmaceutical JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 270 5 companies company NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 270 6 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 270 7 pursuing pursue VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 270 8 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 270 9 price price NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 270 10 discrimination discrimination NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 270 11 strategy strategy NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 270 12 across across IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 270 13 different different JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 270 14 markets market NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 270 15 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 270 16 selling sell VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 270 17 drugs drug NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 270 18 at at IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 270 19 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 270 20 price price NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 270 21 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 270 22 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 270 23 markets market NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 270 24 can can MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 270 25 bear bear VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 270 26 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 271 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 271 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 271 3 there there EX cord-017675-in9r33ww 271 4 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 271 5 clear clear JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 271 6 room room NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 271 7 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 271 8 generic generic JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 271 9 products product NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 271 10 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 271 11 these these DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 271 12 markets market NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 271 13 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 271 14 especially especially RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 271 15 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 271 16 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 271 17 low low JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 271 18 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 271 19 income income NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 271 20 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 271 21 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 272 1 Compulsory compulsory JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 272 2 licensing licensing NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 272 3 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 272 4 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 272 5 distinct distinct JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 272 6 possibility possibility NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 272 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 272 8 see see UH cord-017675-in9r33ww 272 9 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 272 10 however however RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 272 11 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 272 12 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 272 13 discussion discussion NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 272 14 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 272 15 Chap Chap NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 272 16 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 273 1 6 6 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 273 2 about about IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 273 3 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 273 4 difficulties difficulty NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 273 5 many many JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 273 6 developing develop VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 273 7 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 273 8 faced face VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 273 9 importing import VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 273 10 drugs drug NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 273 11 under under IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 273 12 compulsory compulsory JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 273 13 license license NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 273 14 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 273 15 Canada Canada NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 273 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 273 17 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 274 1 Some some DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 274 2 companies company NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 274 3 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 274 4 used use VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 274 5 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 274 6 World World NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 274 7 Bank Bank NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 274 8 's 's POS cord-017675-in9r33ww 274 9 country country NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 274 10 income income NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 274 11 index index NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 274 12 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 274 13 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 274 14 Human Human NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 274 15 Development Development NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 274 16 Index Index NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 274 17 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 274 18 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 274 19 criteria criterion NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 274 20 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 274 21 setting set VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 274 22 prices price NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 274 23 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 275 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 275 2 Chap Chap NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 275 3 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 276 1 6 6 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 276 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 276 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 276 4 developed develop VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 276 5 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 276 6 much much RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 276 7 more more RBR cord-017675-in9r33ww 276 8 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 276 9 index index NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 276 10 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 276 11 takes take VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 276 12 into into IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 276 13 account account NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 276 14 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 276 15 just just RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 276 16 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 276 17 level level NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 276 18 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 276 19 development development NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 276 20 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 276 21 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 276 22 country country NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 276 23 but but CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 276 24 also also RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 276 25 level level NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 276 26 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 276 27 prevalence prevalence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 276 28 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 276 29 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 276 30 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 276 31 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 276 32 explicitly explicitly RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 276 33 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 277 1 Second second RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 277 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 277 3 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 277 4 price price NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 277 5 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 277 6 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 277 7 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 277 8 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 277 9 drugs drug NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 277 10 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 277 11 many many JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 277 12 cases case NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 277 13 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 277 14 many many JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 277 15 developing develop VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 277 16 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 277 17 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 277 18 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 277 19 necessarily necessarily RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 277 20 lower low JJR cord-017675-in9r33ww 277 21 than than IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 277 22 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 277 23 developed develop VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 277 24 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 277 25 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 278 1 For for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 278 2 example example NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 278 3 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 278 4 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 278 5 Guatemala Guatemala NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 278 6 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 278 7 between between IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 278 8 2000 2000 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 278 9 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 278 10 2003 2003 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 278 11 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 278 12 prices price NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 278 13 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 278 14 most most JJS cord-017675-in9r33ww 278 15 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 278 16 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 278 17 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 278 18 drugs drug NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 278 19 were be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 278 20 consistently consistently RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 278 21 higher high JJR cord-017675-in9r33ww 278 22 than than IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 278 23 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 278 24 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 278 25 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 278 26 States States NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 278 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 278 28 Hellerstein Hellerstein NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 278 29 2003 2003 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 278 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 278 31 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 279 1 According accord VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 279 2 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 279 3 CHAI CHAI NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 279 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 279 5 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 279 6 2006 2006 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 279 7 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 279 8 80,000 80,000 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 279 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 279 10 4 4 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 279 11 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 279 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 279 13 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 279 14 those those DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 279 15 receiving receive VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 279 16 ARV ARV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 279 17 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 279 18 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 279 19 low low JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 279 20 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 279 21 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 279 22 middle middle JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 279 23 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 279 24 income income NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 279 25 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 279 26 were be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 279 27 taking take VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 279 28 second second JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 279 29 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 279 30 line line NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 279 31 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 279 32 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 280 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 280 2 reason reason NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 280 3 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 280 4 relatively relatively RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 280 5 few few JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 280 6 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 280 7 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 280 8 second second JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 280 9 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 280 10 line line NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 280 11 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 280 12 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 280 13 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 280 14 most most RBS cord-017675-in9r33ww 280 15 only only RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 280 16 began begin VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 280 17 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 280 18 within within IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 280 19 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 280 20 last last JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 280 21 4 4 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 280 22 years year NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 280 23 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 1 As as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 2 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 3 result result NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 5 relatively relatively RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 6 few few JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 7 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 8 experienced experience VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 9 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 10 failure failure NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 11 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 12 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 13 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 14 defined define VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 15 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 17 1 1 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 19 virologic virologic JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 20 failure failure NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 22 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 23 viral viral JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 24 load load NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 25 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 26 more more JJR cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 27 than than IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 28 400 400 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 29 copies copy NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 30 per per IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 31 milliliter milliliter NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 33 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 35 2 2 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 37 immunologic immunologic JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 38 failure failure NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 40 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 41 declining decline VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 42 CD4 CD4 NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 43 cell cell NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 44 count count NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 45 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 46 spite spite NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 47 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 48 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 50 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 51 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 52 3 3 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 54 clinical clinical JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 55 failure failure NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 56 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 57 progression progression NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 58 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 59 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 60 evidenced evidence VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 61 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 62 weight weight NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 63 loss loss NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 64 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 65 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 66 appearance appearance NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 67 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 68 opportunistic opportunistic JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 69 infections infection NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 70 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 281 71 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 282 1 Another another DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 282 2 reason reason NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 282 3 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 282 4 that that DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 282 5 poor poor JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 282 6 diagnostic diagnostic JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 282 7 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 282 8 laboratory laboratory NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 282 9 capacity capacity NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 282 10 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 282 11 many many JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 282 12 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 282 13 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 282 14 made make VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 282 15 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 282 16 failure failure NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 282 17 difficult difficult JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 282 18 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 282 19 diagnose diagnose VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 282 20 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 283 1 By by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 283 2 2010 2010 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 283 3 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 283 4 CHAI CHAI NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 283 5 estimates estimate VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 283 6 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 283 7 close close VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 283 8 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 283 9 500,000 500,000 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 283 10 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 283 11 will will MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 283 12 require require VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 283 13 second second JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 283 14 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 283 15 line line NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 283 16 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 283 17 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 283 18 low low JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 283 19 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 283 20 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 283 21 middle middle JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 283 22 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 283 23 income income NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 283 24 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 283 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 283 26 CHAI CHAI NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 283 27 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 283 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 283 29 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 284 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 284 2 higher high JJR cord-017675-in9r33ww 284 3 cost cost NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 284 4 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 284 5 second second JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 284 6 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 284 7 line line NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 284 8 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 284 9 means mean VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 284 10 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 284 11 access access NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 284 12 requires require VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 284 13 further further JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 284 14 funding funding NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 284 15 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 1 However however RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 3 patents patent NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 4 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 5 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 6 expected expect VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 7 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 8 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 9 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 10 obstacle obstacle NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 11 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 12 acquiring acquire VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 13 affordable affordable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 14 second second JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 15 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 16 line line NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 17 treatments treatment NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 18 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 19 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 20 most most RBS cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 21 affected affected JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 22 low low JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 23 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 24 income income NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 25 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 26 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 27 due due IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 28 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 29 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 30 delay delay NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 31 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 32 TRIPS trip NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 33 patent patent NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 34 rules rule NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 35 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 36 pharmaceuticals pharmaceutical NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 37 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 38 2016 2016 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 39 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 40 although although IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 41 patent patent NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 42 rules rule NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 43 may may MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 44 affect affect VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 45 affordability affordability NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 46 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 47 middle middle JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 48 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 49 income income NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 50 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 51 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 52 CHAI CHAI NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 53 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 54 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 285 55 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 286 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 286 2 Chap Chap NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 286 3 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 287 1 6 6 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 288 1 we -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 288 2 analyzed analyze VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 288 3 TRIPS trip NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 288 4 rules rule NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 288 5 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 288 6 patents patent NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 288 7 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 288 8 pharmaceuticals pharmaceutical NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 288 9 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 288 10 developing develop VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 288 11 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 288 12 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 289 1 However however RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 289 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 289 3 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 289 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 289 5 noted note VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 289 6 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 289 7 Chap Chap NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 289 8 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 290 1 5 5 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 290 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 290 3 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 290 4 problem problem NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 290 5 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 290 6 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 290 7 capture capture NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 290 8 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 290 9 free free JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 290 10 trade trade NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 290 11 agreements agreement NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 290 12 can can MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 290 13 undermine undermine VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 290 14 TRIPS trip NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 290 15 rules rule NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 290 16 so so IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 290 17 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 290 18 patents patent NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 290 19 create create VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 290 20 obstacles obstacle NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 290 21 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 290 22 affordable affordable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 290 23 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 290 24 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 290 25 some some DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 290 26 lowincome lowincome NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 290 27 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 290 28 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 290 29 political political JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 290 30 pressure pressure NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 290 31 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 290 32 low low JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 290 33 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 290 34 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 290 35 middle middle JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 290 36 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 290 37 income income NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 290 38 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 290 39 can can MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 290 40 discourage discourage VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 290 41 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 290 42 use use NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 290 43 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 290 44 TRIPS trip NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 290 45 flexibilities flexibility NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 290 46 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 290 47 increase increase VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 290 48 access access NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 290 49 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 290 50 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 290 51 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 291 1 UNITAID UNITAID NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 291 2 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 291 3 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 291 4 global global JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 291 5 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 291 6 initiative initiative NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 291 7 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 291 8 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 291 9 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 291 10 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 291 11 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 291 12 tuberculosis tuberculosis NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 291 13 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 291 14 malaria malaria NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 291 15 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 291 16 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 291 17 funded fund VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 291 18 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 291 19 several several JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 291 20 national national JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 291 21 governments government NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 291 22 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 292 1 With with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 292 2 respect respect NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 292 3 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 292 4 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 292 5 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 292 6 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 292 7 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 292 8 UNITAID UNITAID NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 292 9 funding funding NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 292 10 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 292 11 focused focus VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 292 12 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 292 13 pediatric pediatric JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 292 14 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 292 15 second second JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 292 16 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 292 17 line line NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 292 18 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 292 19 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 292 20 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 292 21 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 292 22 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 292 23 mother mother NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 292 24 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 292 25 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 292 26 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 292 27 child child NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 292 28 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 292 29 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 1 UNITAID UNITAID NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 2 will will MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 3 finance finance VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 4 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 5 free free JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 6 supply supply NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 7 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 8 second second JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 9 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 10 line line NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 11 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 12 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 13 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 14 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 15 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 16 27 27 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 17 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 18 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 19 18 18 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 20 months month NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 21 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 22 after after IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 23 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 24 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 25 reduced reduce VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 26 prices price NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 27 achieved achieve VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 28 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 29 CHAI CHAI NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 30 will will MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 31 enable enable VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 32 other other JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 33 funding funding NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 34 sources source NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 35 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 36 such such JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 37 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 38 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 39 Global Global NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 40 Fund Fund NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 42 discussed discuss VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 43 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 44 Chap Chap NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 45 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 46 7 7 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 48 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 49 PEPFAR PEPFAR NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 50 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 51 discussed discuss VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 52 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 53 Chap Chap NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 54 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 55 8) 8) NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 56 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 57 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 58 fund fund VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 59 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 60 purchase purchase NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 61 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 62 second second JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 63 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 64 line line NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 65 treatments treatment NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 66 at at IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 67 lower low JJR cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 68 prices price NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 69 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 70 CHAI CHAI NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 71 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 72 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 293 73 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 294 1 While while IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 294 2 high high JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 294 3 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 294 4 income income NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 294 5 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 294 6 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 294 7 middle middle JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 294 8 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 294 9 income income NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 294 10 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 294 11 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 294 12 low low JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 294 13 prevalence prevalence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 294 14 rates rate NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 294 15 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 294 16 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 294 17 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 294 18 position position NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 294 19 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 294 20 pay pay VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 294 21 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 294 22 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 294 23 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 294 24 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 294 25 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 294 26 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 294 27 middle middle JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 294 28 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 294 29 income income NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 294 30 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 294 31 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 294 32 high high JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 294 33 prevalence prevalence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 294 34 rates rate NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 294 35 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 294 36 most most RBS cord-017675-in9r33ww 294 37 low low JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 294 38 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 294 39 income income NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 294 40 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 294 41 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 294 42 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 294 43 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 295 1 Low low JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 295 2 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 295 3 income income NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 295 4 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 295 5 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 295 6 high high JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 295 7 prevalence prevalence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 295 8 rates rate NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 295 9 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 295 10 particular particular JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 295 11 will will MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 295 12 have have VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 295 13 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 295 14 depend depend VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 295 15 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 295 16 external external JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 295 17 funding funding NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 295 18 sources source NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 295 19 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 295 20 such such JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 295 21 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 295 22 PEPFAR PEPFAR NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 295 23 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 295 24 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 295 25 Global Global NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 295 26 Fund Fund NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 295 27 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 295 28 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 295 29 expand expand VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 295 30 access access NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 295 31 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 295 32 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 295 33 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 295 34 then then RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 295 35 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 295 36 maintain maintain VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 295 37 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 295 38 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 296 1 Medical medical JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 296 2 care care NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 296 3 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 296 4 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 296 5 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 296 6 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 296 7 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 296 8 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 296 9 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 296 10 developing develop VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 296 11 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 296 12 costs cost VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 296 13 about about RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 296 14 USD usd NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 296 15 1,000 1,000 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 296 16 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 296 17 year year NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 296 18 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 296 19 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 296 20 drugs drug NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 296 21 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 296 22 support support NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 296 23 facilities facility NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 296 24 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 297 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 297 2 Economist Economist NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 297 3 estimated estimate VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 297 4 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 297 5 it -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 297 6 would would MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 297 7 cost cost VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 297 8 USD USD NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 297 9 6 6 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 297 10 - - SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 297 11 7 7 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 297 12 billion billion CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 297 13 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 297 14 year year NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 297 15 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 297 16 provide provide VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 297 17 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 297 18 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 297 19 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 297 20 6 6 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 297 21 - - SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 297 22 7 7 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 297 23 million million CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 297 24 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 297 25 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 297 26 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 297 27 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 297 28 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 297 29 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 297 30 low low JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 297 31 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 297 32 income income NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 297 33 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 297 34 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 297 35 were be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 297 36 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 297 37 need need NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 297 38 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 297 39 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 297 40 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 297 41 2006 2006 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 297 42 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 298 1 However however RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 298 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 298 3 expanding expand VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 298 4 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 298 5 means mean VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 298 6 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 298 7 fewer few JJR cord-017675-in9r33ww 298 8 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 298 9 will will MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 298 10 die die VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 298 11 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 299 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 299 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 299 3 millions million NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 299 4 more more JJR cord-017675-in9r33ww 299 5 will will MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 299 6 become become VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 299 7 infected infected JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 299 8 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 299 9 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 299 10 even even RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 299 11 more more RBR cord-017675-in9r33ww 299 12 so so RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 299 13 if if IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 299 14 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 299 15 efforts effort NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 299 16 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 299 17 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 299 18 improved improve VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 299 19 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 300 1 Thus thus RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 300 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 300 3 universal universal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 300 4 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 300 5 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 300 6 lowincome lowincome NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 300 7 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 300 8 could could MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 300 9 cost cost VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 300 10 USD usd $ cord-017675-in9r33ww 300 11 40 40 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 300 12 billion billion CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 300 13 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 300 14 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 300 15 end end NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 300 16 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 300 17 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 300 18 next next JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 300 19 decade decade NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 300 20 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 301 1 This this DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 301 2 highlights highlight VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 301 3 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 301 4 need need NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 301 5 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 301 6 ensure ensure VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 301 7 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 301 8 external external JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 301 9 funding funding NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 301 10 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 301 11 both both CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 301 12 increased increase VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 301 13 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 301 14 sustained sustain VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 301 15 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 301 16 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 301 17 importance importance NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 301 18 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 301 19 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 301 20 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 301 21 making make VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 301 22 universal universal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 301 23 access access NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 301 24 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 301 25 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 301 26 affordable affordable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 301 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 301 28 Economist Economist NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 301 29 2006 2006 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 301 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 301 31 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 302 1 Scientists scientist NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 302 2 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 302 3 been be VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 302 4 trying try VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 302 5 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 302 6 develop develop VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 302 7 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 302 8 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 302 9 vaccine vaccine NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 302 10 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 302 11 more more JJR cord-017675-in9r33ww 302 12 than than IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 302 13 20 20 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 302 14 years year NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 302 15 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 302 16 although although IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 302 17 some some DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 302 18 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 302 19 suggested suggest VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 302 20 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 302 21 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 302 22 effective effective JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 302 23 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 302 24 vaccine vaccine NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 302 25 may may MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 302 26 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 302 27 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 302 28 biological biological JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 302 29 impossibility impossibility NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 302 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 302 31 Epstein Epstein NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 302 32 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 302 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 302 34 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 303 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 303 2 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 303 3 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 303 4 about about RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 303 5 50 50 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 303 6 experimental experimental JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 303 7 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 303 8 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 303 9 were be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 303 10 being be VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 303 11 tested test VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 303 12 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 303 13 clinical clinical JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 303 14 trials trial NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 303 15 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 304 1 Most Most JJS cord-017675-in9r33ww 304 2 viral viral JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 304 3 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 304 4 work work VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 304 5 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 304 6 generating generate VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 304 7 antibodies antibody NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 304 8 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 304 9 neutralize neutralize VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 304 10 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 304 11 inactivate inactivate VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 304 12 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 304 13 invading invade VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 304 14 virus virus NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 304 15 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 305 1 However however RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 305 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 305 3 unlike unlike IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 305 4 other other JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 305 5 viruses virus NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 305 6 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 305 7 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 305 8 evades evade VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 305 9 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 305 10 antibody antibody NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 305 11 response response NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 305 12 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 305 13 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 305 14 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 305 15 together together RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 305 16 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 305 17 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 305 18 large large JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 305 19 genetic genetic JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 305 20 variety variety NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 305 21 found find VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 305 22 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 305 23 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 305 24 strains strain NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 305 25 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 305 26 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 305 27 made make VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 305 28 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 305 29 development development NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 305 30 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 305 31 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 305 32 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 305 33 vaccine vaccine NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 305 34 difficult difficult JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 305 35 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 306 1 To to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 306 2 date date NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 306 3 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 306 4 antibody antibody NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 306 5 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 306 6 based base VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 306 7 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 306 8 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 306 9 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 306 10 only only RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 306 11 succeeded succeed VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 306 12 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 306 13 neutralizing neutralize VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 306 14 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 306 15 minority minority NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 306 16 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 306 17 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 306 18 copies copy NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 306 19 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 306 20 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 306 21 virus virus NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 306 22 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 306 23 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 306 24 found find VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 306 25 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 306 26 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 306 27 given give VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 306 28 patient patient NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 306 29 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 307 1 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 307 2 antibodies antibody NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 307 3 target target VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 307 4 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 307 5 mechanism mechanism NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 307 6 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 307 7 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 307 8 uses use VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 307 9 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 307 10 bind bind VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 307 11 itself -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 307 12 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 307 13 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 307 14 host host NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 307 15 immune immune JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 307 16 cells cell NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 307 17 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 307 18 order order NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 307 19 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 307 20 prevent prevent VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 307 21 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 307 22 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 307 23 entering enter VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 307 24 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 307 25 cell cell NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 307 26 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 308 1 However however RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 308 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 308 3 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 308 4 uses use VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 308 5 shielding shielding NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 308 6 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 308 7 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 308 8 prevent prevent VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 308 9 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 308 10 antibodies antibody NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 308 11 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 308 12 recognizing recognize VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 308 13 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 308 14 virus virus NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 308 15 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 308 16 including include VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 308 17 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 308 18 dense dense JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 308 19 coating coating NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 308 20 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 309 1 Current current JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 309 2 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 309 3 vaccine vaccine NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 309 4 research research NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 309 5 therefore therefore RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 309 6 seeks seek VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 309 7 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 309 8 find find VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 309 9 vulnerabilities vulnerability NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 309 10 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 309 11 these these DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 309 12 shielding shielding NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 309 13 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 309 14 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 309 15 but but CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 309 16 this this DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 309 17 requires require VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 309 18 research research NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 309 19 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 309 20 multiple multiple JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 309 21 genetic genetic JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 309 22 subtypes subtype NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 309 23 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 309 24 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 310 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 310 2 Montefiori Montefiori NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 310 3 et et NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 310 4 al al NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 310 5 . . NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 310 6 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 310 7 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 310 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 310 9 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 311 1 For for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 311 2 example example NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 311 3 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 311 4 one one CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 311 5 recent recent JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 311 6 study study NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 311 7 identified identify VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 311 8 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 311 9 place place NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 311 10 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 311 11 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 311 12 outside outside NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 311 13 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 311 14 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 311 15 human human JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 311 16 immunodeficiency immunodeficiency NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 311 17 virus virus NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 311 18 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 311 19 could could MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 311 20 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 311 21 vulnerable vulnerable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 311 22 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 311 23 antibodies antibody NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 311 24 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 311 25 could could MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 311 26 block block VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 311 27 it -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 311 28 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 311 29 infecting infect VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 311 30 human human JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 311 31 cells cell NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 311 32 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 311 33 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 311 34 might may MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 311 35 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 311 36 targeted target VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 311 37 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 311 38 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 311 39 vaccine vaccine NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 311 40 aimed aim VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 311 41 at at IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 311 42 preventing prevent VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 311 43 initial initial JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 311 44 infection infection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 311 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 311 46 Dunham Dunham NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 311 47 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 311 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 311 49 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 312 1 A a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 312 2 new new JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 312 3 class class NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 312 4 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 312 5 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 312 6 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 312 7 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 312 8 designed design VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 312 9 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 312 10 trigger trigger VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 312 11 cell cell NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 312 12 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 312 13 mediated mediate VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 312 14 immunity immunity NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 312 15 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 312 16 create create VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 312 17 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 312 18 extended extended JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 312 19 immune immune JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 312 20 defense defense NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 312 21 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 313 1 However however RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 313 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 313 3 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 313 4 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 313 5 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 313 6 Merck Merck NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 313 7 reported report VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 313 8 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 313 9 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 313 10 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 313 11 vaccine vaccine NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 313 12 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 313 13 V520 V520 NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 313 14 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 313 15 had have VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 313 16 failed fail VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 313 17 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 314 1 V520 V520 NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 314 2 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 314 3 being be VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 314 4 tested test VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 314 5 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 314 6 Merck Merck NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 314 7 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 314 8 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 314 9 US US NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 314 10 National National NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 314 11 Institutes Institutes NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 314 12 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 314 13 Health Health NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 314 14 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 314 15 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 314 16 clinical clinical JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 314 17 trial trial NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 314 18 involving involve VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 314 19 3,000 3,000 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 314 20 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 314 21 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 314 22 highrisk highrisk NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 314 23 groups group NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 314 24 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 314 25 Australia Australia NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 314 26 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 314 27 Brazil Brazil NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 314 28 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 314 29 Canada Canada NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 314 30 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 314 31 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 314 32 Dominican Dominican NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 314 33 Republic Republic NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 314 34 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 314 35 Haiti Haiti NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 314 36 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 314 37 Jamaica Jamaica NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 314 38 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 314 39 Peru Peru NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 314 40 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 314 41 Puerto Puerto NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 314 42 Rico Rico NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 314 43 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 314 44 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 314 45 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 314 46 States States NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 314 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 314 48 Associated Associated NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 314 49 Press Press NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 314 50 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 314 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 314 52 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 315 1 V520 V520 NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 315 2 used use VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 315 3 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 315 4 common common JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 315 5 cold cold JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 315 6 virus virus NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 315 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 315 8 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 315 9 adenovirus adenovirus NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 315 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 315 11 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 315 12 transport transport VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 315 13 three three CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 315 14 synthetic synthetic JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 315 15 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 315 16 genes gene NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 315 17 into into IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 315 18 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 315 19 body body NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 315 20 's 's POS cord-017675-in9r33ww 315 21 cells cell NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 315 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 315 23 Park Park NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 315 24 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 315 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 315 26 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 316 1 Merck Merck NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 316 2 halted halt VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 316 3 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 316 4 trials trial NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 316 5 after after IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 316 6 24 24 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 316 7 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 316 8 741 741 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 316 9 volunteers volunteer NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 316 10 who who WP cord-017675-in9r33ww 316 11 got get VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 316 12 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 316 13 V520 V520 NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 316 14 vaccine vaccine NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 316 15 later later RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 316 16 became become VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 316 17 infected infect VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 316 18 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 316 19 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 316 20 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 316 21 while while IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 316 22 only only RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 316 23 21 21 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 316 24 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 316 25 762 762 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 316 26 participants participant NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 316 27 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 316 28 received receive VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 316 29 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 316 30 placebo placebo NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 316 31 also also RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 316 32 became become VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 316 33 infected infected JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 316 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 316 35 Associated Associated NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 316 36 Press Press NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 316 37 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 316 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 316 39 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 317 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 317 2 V520 V520 NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 317 3 vaccine vaccine NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 317 4 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 317 5 one one CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 317 6 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 317 7 only only RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 317 8 two two CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 317 9 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 317 10 vaccine vaccine NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 317 11 candidates candidate NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 317 12 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 317 13 advanced advanced JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 317 14 human human JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 317 15 trials trial NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 317 16 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 317 17 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 317 18 other other JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 317 19 being be VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 317 20 tested test VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 317 21 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 317 22 Sanofi Sanofi NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 317 23 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 317 24 Aventis Aventis NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 317 25 SA SA NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 317 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 317 27 Dunham Dunham NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 317 28 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 317 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 317 30 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 318 1 Other other JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 318 2 approaches approach NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 318 3 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 318 4 also also RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 318 5 being be VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 318 6 explored explore VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 318 7 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 319 1 David David NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 319 2 Ho Ho NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 319 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 319 4 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 319 5 inventor inventor NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 319 6 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 319 7 triple triple JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 319 8 combination combination NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 319 9 therapy therapy NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 319 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 319 11 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 319 12 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 319 13 team team NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 319 14 at at IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 319 15 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 319 16 Aaron Aaron NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 319 17 Diamond Diamond NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 319 18 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 319 19 Research Research NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 319 20 Center Center NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 319 21 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 319 22 researching research VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 319 23 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 319 24 use use NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 319 25 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 319 26 different different JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 319 27 vectors vector NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 319 28 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 319 29 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 319 30 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 319 31 using use VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 319 32 vectors vector NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 319 33 at at RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 319 34 all all RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 319 35 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 319 36 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 319 37 produce produce VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 319 38 stronger strong JJR cord-017675-in9r33ww 319 39 immune immune JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 319 40 responses response NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 319 41 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 320 1 Scientists scientist NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 320 2 at at IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 320 3 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 320 4 International International NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 320 5 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 320 6 Vaccine Vaccine NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 320 7 Initiative Initiative NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 320 8 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 320 9 studying study VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 320 10 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 320 11 use use NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 320 12 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 320 13 crippled crippled JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 320 14 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 320 15 live live JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 320 16 strains strain NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 320 17 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 320 18 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 320 19 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 320 20 ways way NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 320 21 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 320 22 stimulate stimulate VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 320 23 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 320 24 special special JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 320 25 class class NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 320 26 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 320 27 antibodies antibody NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 320 28 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 320 29 appear appear VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 320 30 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 320 31 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 320 32 able able JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 320 33 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 320 34 defuse defuse VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 320 35 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 320 36 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 2 Global Global NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 3 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 4 Vaccine Vaccine NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 5 Enterprise Enterprise NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 6 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 7 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 8 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 9 funded fund VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 10 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 11 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 12 Gates Gates NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 13 Foundation Foundation NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 15 discussed discuss VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 16 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 17 Chap Chap NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 18 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 19 7 7 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 21 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 22 Wellcome Wellcome NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 23 Trust Trust NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 24 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 25 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 26 US US NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 27 National National NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 28 Institutes Institutes NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 29 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 30 Health Health NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 31 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 32 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 33 European European NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 34 Union Union NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 35 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 36 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 37 seeking seek VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 38 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 39 accelerate accelerate VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 40 research research NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 41 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 42 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 43 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 44 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 45 linking link VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 46 together together RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 47 independent independent JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 48 organizations organization NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 49 so so IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 50 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 51 researchers researcher NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 52 can can MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 53 learn learn VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 54 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 55 each each DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 56 other other JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 57 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 58 rather rather RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 59 than than IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 60 work work VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 61 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 62 isolation isolation NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 63 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 64 Park Park NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 65 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 66 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 321 67 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 322 1 As as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 322 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 322 3 noted note VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 322 4 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 322 5 Chap Chap NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 322 6 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 323 1 5 5 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 323 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 323 3 there there EX cord-017675-in9r33ww 323 4 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 323 5 many many JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 323 6 subtypes subtype NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 323 7 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 323 8 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 323 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 323 10 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 323 11 most most RBS cord-017675-in9r33ww 323 12 commonly commonly RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 323 13 occurring occur VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 323 14 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 323 15 infection infection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 323 16 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 323 17 humans human NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 323 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 323 19 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 324 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 324 2 major major JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 324 3 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 324 4 subtypes subtype NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 324 5 accounting account VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 324 6 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 324 7 most most JJS cord-017675-in9r33ww 324 8 infections infection NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 324 9 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 324 10 Africa Africa NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 324 11 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 324 12 subtype subtype NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 324 13 C C NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 324 14 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 324 15 southern southern JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 324 16 Africa Africa NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 324 17 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 324 18 subtypes subtype NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 324 19 A A NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 324 20 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 324 21 D d NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 324 22 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 324 23 eastern eastern JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 324 24 Africa Africa NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 324 25 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 324 26 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 324 27 circulating circulate VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 324 28 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 324 29 form form NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 324 30 02_AG 02_AG . cord-017675-in9r33ww 325 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 325 2 CRF02_AG CRF02_AG NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 325 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 326 1 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 326 2 westcentral westcentral JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 326 3 Africa Africa NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 326 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 326 5 Peeters Peeters NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 326 6 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 326 7 Sharp Sharp NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 326 8 2000 2000 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 326 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 326 10 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 327 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 327 2 most most RBS cord-017675-in9r33ww 327 3 commonly commonly RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 327 4 occurring occur VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 327 5 form form NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 327 6 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 327 7 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 327 8 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 327 9 North North NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 327 10 America America NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 327 11 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 327 12 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 327 13 Europe Europe NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 327 14 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 327 15 subtype subtype NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 328 1 B. B. NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 329 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 329 2 first first JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 329 3 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 329 4 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 329 5 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 329 6 vaccine vaccine NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 329 7 ever ever RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 329 8 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 329 9 reach reach VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 329 10 Phase Phase NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 329 11 III III NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 329 12 trial trial NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 329 13 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 329 14 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 329 15 subtype subtype NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 330 1 B. B. NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 331 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 331 2 gp120 gp120 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 331 3 vaccine vaccine NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 331 4 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 331 5 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 331 6 effective effective JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 331 7 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 332 1 However however RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 332 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 332 3 what what WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 332 4 vaccine vaccine NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 332 5 trials trial NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 332 6 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 332 7 indicated indicate VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 332 8 thus thus RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 332 9 far far RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 332 10 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 332 11 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 332 12 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 332 13 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 332 14 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 332 15 case case NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 332 16 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 332 17 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 332 18 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 332 19 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 332 20 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 332 21 there there EX cord-017675-in9r33ww 332 22 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 332 23 pattern pattern NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 332 24 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 332 25 development development NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 332 26 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 332 27 potential potential JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 332 28 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 332 29 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 332 30 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 332 31 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 332 32 subtypes subtype NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 332 33 where where WRB cord-017675-in9r33ww 332 34 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 332 35 needs need NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 332 36 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 332 37 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 332 38 greatest great JJS cord-017675-in9r33ww 332 39 but but CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 332 40 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 332 41 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 332 42 area area NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 332 43 where where WRB cord-017675-in9r33ww 332 44 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 332 45 biggest big JJS cord-017675-in9r33ww 332 46 monetary monetary JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 332 47 rewards reward NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 332 48 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 332 49 expected expect VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 332 50 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 333 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 333 2 economics economic NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 333 3 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 333 4 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 333 5 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 333 6 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 333 7 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 333 8 suggest suggest VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 333 9 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 333 10 funding fund VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 333 11 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 333 12 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 333 13 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 333 14 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 333 15 worst worst RBS cord-017675-in9r33ww 333 16 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 333 17 effected effect VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 333 18 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 333 19 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 333 20 unlikely unlikely JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 333 21 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 333 22 come come VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 333 23 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 333 24 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 333 25 private private JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 333 26 sector sector NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 333 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 333 28 see see VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 333 29 Box Box NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 333 30 9.4 9.4 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 333 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 333 32 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 334 1 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 334 2 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 334 3 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 334 4 affects affect VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 334 5 hundreds hundred NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 334 6 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 334 7 millions million NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 334 8 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 334 9 kills kill VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 334 10 several several JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 334 11 million million CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 334 12 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 334 13 every every DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 334 14 year year NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 334 15 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 335 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 335 2 disease disease NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 335 3 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 335 4 identified identify VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 335 5 several several JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 335 6 decades decade NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 335 7 ago ago RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 335 8 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 336 1 Two two CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 336 2 Nobel Nobel NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 336 3 prizes prize NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 336 4 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 336 5 been be VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 336 6 awarded award VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 336 7 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 336 8 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 336 9 past past JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 336 10 two two CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 336 11 decades decade NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 336 12 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 336 13 identifying identify VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 336 14 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 336 15 cause cause NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 336 16 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 336 17 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 336 18 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 336 19 mechanism mechanism NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 336 20 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 336 21 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 336 22 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 336 23 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 336 24 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 337 1 Yet yet CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 337 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 337 3 still still RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 337 4 do do VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 337 5 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 337 6 have have VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 337 7 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 337 8 vaccine vaccine NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 337 9 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 337 10 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 337 11 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 337 12 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 337 13 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 338 1 Kremer Kremer NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 338 2 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 338 3 Snyder Snyder NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 338 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 338 5 2004 2004 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 338 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 338 7 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 338 8 developed develop VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 338 9 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 338 10 argument argument NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 338 11 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 338 12 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 338 13 why why WRB cord-017675-in9r33ww 338 14 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 338 15 private private JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 338 16 sector sector NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 338 17 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 338 18 very very RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 338 19 unlikely unlikely JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 338 20 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 338 21 develop develop VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 338 22 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 338 23 vaccine vaccine NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 338 24 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 338 25 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 338 26 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 339 1 Here here RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 339 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 339 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 339 4 illustrate illustrate VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 339 5 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 339 6 argument argument NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 339 7 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 339 8 one one CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 339 9 example example NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 339 10 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 340 1 Imagine imagine VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 340 2 there there EX cord-017675-in9r33ww 340 3 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 340 4 100 100 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 340 5 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 340 6 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 340 7 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 340 8 world world NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 340 9 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 341 1 There there EX cord-017675-in9r33ww 341 2 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 341 3 90 90 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 341 4 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 341 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 341 6 type type NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 341 7 L l NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 341 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 341 9 who who WP cord-017675-in9r33ww 341 10 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 341 11 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 341 12 small small JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 341 13 chance chance NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 341 14 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 341 15 10 10 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 341 16 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 341 17 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 341 18 contracting contract VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 341 19 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 341 20 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 341 21 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 341 22 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 342 1 There there EX cord-017675-in9r33ww 342 2 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 342 3 another another DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 342 4 ten ten CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 342 5 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 342 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 342 7 type type NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 342 8 H h NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 342 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 342 10 who who WP cord-017675-in9r33ww 342 11 would would MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 342 12 develop develop VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 342 13 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 342 14 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 342 15 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 342 16 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 342 17 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 342 18 100 100 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 342 19 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 342 20 chance chance NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 342 21 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 343 1 Let let VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 343 2 us -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 343 3 suppose suppose VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 343 4 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 343 5 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 343 6 harm harm NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 343 7 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 343 8 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 343 9 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 343 10 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 343 11 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 343 12 USD USD NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 343 13 100 100 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 343 14 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 343 15 each each DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 343 16 person person NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 343 17 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 344 1 Let let VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 344 2 us -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 344 3 also also RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 344 4 assume assume VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 344 5 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 344 6 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 344 7 each each DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 344 8 USD usd NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 344 9 1 1 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 344 10 decrease decrease NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 344 11 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 344 12 harm harm NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 344 13 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 344 14 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 344 15 consumer consumer NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 344 16 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 344 17 willing willing JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 344 18 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 344 19 pay pay VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 344 20 USD usd NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 344 21 1 1 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 344 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 344 23 technically technically RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 344 24 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 344 25 each each DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 344 26 consumer consumer NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 344 27 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 344 28 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 344 29 neutral neutral JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 344 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 344 31 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 345 1 Suppose suppose VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 345 2 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 345 3 drug drug NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 345 4 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 345 5 perfectly perfectly RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 345 6 effective effective JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 345 7 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 345 8 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 345 9 no no DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 345 10 side side NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 345 11 effects effect NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 345 12 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 345 13 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 345 14 costless costless JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 345 15 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 345 16 produce produce VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 345 17 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 346 1 How how WRB cord-017675-in9r33ww 346 2 much much JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 346 3 revenue revenue NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 346 4 will will MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 346 5 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 346 6 pharmaceutical pharmaceutical JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 346 7 company company NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 346 8 generate generate VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 346 9 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 346 10 each each DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 346 11 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 346 12 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 346 13 following follow VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 346 14 scenarios scenario NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 346 15 ? ? . cord-017675-in9r33ww 347 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 347 2 1 1 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 347 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 347 4 It -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 347 5 develops develop VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 347 6 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 347 7 drug drug NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 347 8 D d NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 347 9 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 347 10 cures cure VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 347 11 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 347 12 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 347 13 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 347 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 347 15 forever forever RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 347 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 347 17 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 348 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 348 2 2 2 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 348 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 348 4 It -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 348 5 develops develop VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 348 6 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 348 7 vaccine vaccine NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 348 8 V v NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 348 9 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 348 10 prevents prevent VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 348 11 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 348 12 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 348 13 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 348 14 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 348 15 developing develop VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 348 16 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 349 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 349 2 show show VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 349 3 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 349 4 under under IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 349 5 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 349 6 assumption assumption NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 349 7 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 349 8 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 349 9 pharmaceutical pharmaceutical JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 349 10 company company NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 349 11 can can MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 349 12 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 349 13 distinguish distinguish VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 349 14 between between IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 349 15 type type NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 349 16 H h NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 349 17 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 349 18 type type NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 349 19 L l NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 349 20 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 349 21 it -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 349 22 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 349 23 more more RBR cord-017675-in9r33ww 349 24 profitable profitable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 349 25 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 349 26 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 349 27 drug drug NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 349 28 companies company NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 349 29 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 349 30 produce produce VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 349 31 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 349 32 drug drug NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 349 33 rather rather RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 349 34 than than IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 349 35 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 349 36 vaccine vaccine NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 349 37 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 350 1 If if IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 350 2 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 350 3 pharmaceutical pharmaceutical JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 350 4 company company NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 350 5 develops develop VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 350 6 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 350 7 drug drug NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 350 8 D d NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 350 9 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 350 10 it -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 350 11 will will MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 350 12 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 350 13 able able JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 350 14 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 350 15 sell sell VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 350 16 it -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 350 17 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 350 18 all all PDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 350 19 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 350 20 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 350 21 who who WP cord-017675-in9r33ww 350 22 get get VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 350 23 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 350 24 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 350 25 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 350 26 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 351 1 By by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 351 2 assumption assumption NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 351 3 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 351 4 all all PDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 351 5 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 351 6 type type NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 351 7 H h NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 351 8 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 351 9 will will MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 351 10 develop develop VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 351 11 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 351 12 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 351 13 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 351 14 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 352 1 Thus thus RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 352 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 352 3 there there EX cord-017675-in9r33ww 352 4 will will MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 352 5 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 352 6 ten ten CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 352 7 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 352 8 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 352 9 type type NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 352 10 H h NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 352 11 who who WP cord-017675-in9r33ww 352 12 will will MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 352 13 get get VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 352 14 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 352 15 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 352 16 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 352 17 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 353 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 353 2 addition addition NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 353 3 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 353 4 nine nine CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 353 5 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 353 6 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 353 7 type type NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 353 8 L l NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 353 9 will will MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 353 10 also also RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 353 11 develop develop VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 353 12 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 353 13 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 353 14 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 353 15 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 354 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 354 2 total total JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 354 3 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 354 4 there there EX cord-017675-in9r33ww 354 5 will will MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 354 6 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 354 7 19 19 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 354 8 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 354 9 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 354 10 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 354 11 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 354 12 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 354 13 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 354 14 including include VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 354 15 both both DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 354 16 types type NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 354 17 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 355 1 By by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 355 2 assumption assumption NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 355 3 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 355 4 each each DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 355 5 person person NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 355 6 contracting contract VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 355 7 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 355 8 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 355 9 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 355 10 will will MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 355 11 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 355 12 willing willing JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 355 13 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 355 14 pay pay VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 355 15 USD USD NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 355 16 100 100 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 355 17 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 355 18 reduce reduce VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 355 19 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 355 20 effects effect NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 355 21 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 355 22 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 355 23 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 355 24 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 355 25 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 355 26 100 100 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 355 27 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 355 28 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 356 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 356 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 356 3 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 356 4 pharmaceutical pharmaceutical JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 356 5 company company NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 356 6 will will MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 356 7 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 356 8 able able JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 356 9 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 356 10 earn earn VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 356 11 USD USD NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 356 12 1,900 1,900 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 356 13 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 356 14 revenue revenue NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 356 15 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 356 16 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 356 17 entire entire JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 356 18 population population NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 356 19 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 357 1 Given give VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 357 2 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 357 3 assumption assumption NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 357 4 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 357 5 zero zero CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 357 6 cost cost NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 357 7 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 357 8 production production NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 357 9 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 357 10 USD usd NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 357 11 1,900 1,900 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 357 12 will will MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 357 13 also also RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 357 14 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 357 15 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 357 16 profits profit NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 357 17 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 357 18 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 357 19 pharmaceutical pharmaceutical JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 357 20 company company NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 357 21 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 358 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 358 2 vaccine vaccine NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 358 3 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 358 4 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 358 5 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 358 6 sold sell VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 358 7 before before IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 358 8 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 358 9 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 358 10 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 358 11 strikes strike VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 358 12 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 359 1 For for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 359 2 type type NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 359 3 L l NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 359 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 359 5 there there EX cord-017675-in9r33ww 359 6 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 359 7 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 359 8 10 10 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 359 9 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 359 10 chance chance NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 359 11 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 359 12 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 359 13 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 359 14 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 359 15 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 360 1 Thus thus RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 360 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 360 3 they -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 360 4 will will MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 360 5 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 360 6 willing willing JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 360 7 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 360 8 pay pay VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 360 9 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 360 10 average average JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 360 11 loss loss NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 360 12 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 360 13 100 100 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 360 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 360 15 1/10 1/10 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 360 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 360 17 = = NFP cord-017675-in9r33ww 361 1 USD USD NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 361 2 10 10 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 361 3 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 361 4 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 361 5 vaccine vaccine NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 361 6 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 362 1 If if IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 362 2 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 362 3 pharmaceutical pharmaceutical JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 362 4 company company NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 362 5 can can MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 362 6 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 362 7 distinguish distinguish VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 362 8 between between IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 362 9 type type NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 362 10 L l NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 362 11 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 362 12 type type NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 362 13 H h NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 362 14 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 362 15 it -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 362 16 can can MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 362 17 only only RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 362 18 charge charge VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 362 19 USD USD NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 362 20 10 10 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 362 21 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 362 22 all all DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 362 23 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 363 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 363 2 that that DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 363 3 case case NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 363 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 363 5 it -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 363 6 will will MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 363 7 generate generate VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 363 8 USD USD NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 363 9 10 10 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 363 10 100 100 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 363 11 = = NFP cord-017675-in9r33ww 364 1 USD usd NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 364 2 1,000 1,000 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 364 3 profits profit NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 364 4 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 364 5 selling sell VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 364 6 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 364 7 vaccine vaccine NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 364 8 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 364 9 all all DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 364 10 100 100 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 364 11 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 364 12 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 365 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 365 2 other other JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 365 3 possibility possibility NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 365 4 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 365 5 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 365 6 following follow VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 365 7 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 366 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 366 2 company company NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 366 3 sets set VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 366 4 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 366 5 price price NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 366 6 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 366 7 USD usd NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 366 8 100 100 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 366 9 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 366 10 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 366 11 vaccine vaccine NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 366 12 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 367 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 367 2 that that DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 367 3 case case NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 367 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 367 5 no no DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 367 6 person person NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 367 7 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 367 8 type type NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 367 9 L l NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 367 10 will will MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 367 11 buy buy VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 367 12 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 367 13 vaccine vaccine NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 367 14 ex ex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 367 15 - - NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 367 16 ante ante JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 367 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 367 18 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 367 19 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 367 20 expected expect VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 367 21 benefit benefit NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 367 22 before before IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 367 23 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 367 24 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 367 25 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 367 26 strikes strike VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 367 27 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 367 28 USD USD NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 367 29 10 10 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 367 30 but but CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 367 31 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 367 32 cost cost NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 367 33 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 367 34 USD USD NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 367 35 100 100 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 367 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 367 37 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 368 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 368 2 only only JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 368 3 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 368 4 who who WP cord-017675-in9r33ww 368 5 will will MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 368 6 buy buy VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 368 7 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 368 8 vaccine vaccine NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 368 9 will will MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 368 10 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 368 11 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 368 12 type type NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 368 13 H. h. NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 369 1 Since since IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 369 2 there there EX cord-017675-in9r33ww 369 3 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 369 4 ten ten CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 369 5 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 369 6 type type NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 369 7 H h NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 369 8 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 369 9 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 369 10 profits profit NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 369 11 will will MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 369 12 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 369 13 USD USD NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 369 14 100 100 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 369 15 10 10 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 369 16 = = SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 369 17 USD usd NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 369 18 1,000 1,000 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 369 19 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 370 1 Thus thus RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 370 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 370 3 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 370 4 either either DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 370 5 price price NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 370 6 strategy strategy NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 370 7 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 370 8 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 370 9 profits profit NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 370 10 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 370 11 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 370 12 company company NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 370 13 will will MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 370 14 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 370 15 USD USD NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 370 16 1,000 1,000 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 370 17 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 371 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 371 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 371 3 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 371 4 profits profit NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 371 5 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 371 6 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 371 7 company company NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 371 8 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 371 9 bigger big JJR cord-017675-in9r33ww 371 10 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 371 11 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 371 12 case case NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 371 13 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 371 14 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 371 15 development development NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 371 16 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 371 17 drug drug NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 371 18 D d NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 371 19 instead instead RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 371 20 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 371 21 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 371 22 vaccine vaccine NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 371 23 V. V. NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 372 1 This this DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 372 2 argument argument NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 372 3 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 372 4 extremely extremely RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 372 5 general general JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 372 6 as as RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 372 7 long long RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 372 8 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 372 9 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 372 10 probability probability NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 372 11 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 372 12 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 372 13 type type NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 372 14 L l NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 372 15 does do VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 372 16 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 372 17 get get VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 372 18 close close JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 372 19 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 372 20 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 372 21 probability probability NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 372 22 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 372 23 type type NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 372 24 H h NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 372 25 getting get VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 372 26 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 372 27 disease disease NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 372 28 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 372 29 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 372 30 company company NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 372 31 can can MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 372 32 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 372 33 distinguish distinguish VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 372 34 between between IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 372 35 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 372 36 types type NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 372 37 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 373 1 At at IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 373 2 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 373 3 beginning beginning NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 373 4 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 373 5 this this DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 373 6 book book NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 373 7 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 373 8 we -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 373 9 highlighted highlight VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 373 10 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 373 11 need need NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 373 12 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 373 13 integrate integrate VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 373 14 three three CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 373 15 interrelated interrelated JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 373 16 issues issue NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 373 17 into into IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 373 18 any any DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 373 19 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 373 20 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 373 21 strategy strategy NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 373 22 -prevention -prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 373 23 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 373 24 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 373 25 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 373 26 human human JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 373 27 rights right NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 373 28 protection protection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 373 29 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 374 1 As as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 374 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 374 3 showed show VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 374 4 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 374 5 Chap Chap NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 374 6 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 375 1 2 2 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 375 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 375 3 each each DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 375 4 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 375 5 these these DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 375 6 issues issue NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 375 7 must must MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 375 8 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 375 9 considered consider VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 375 10 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 375 11 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 375 12 context context NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 375 13 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 375 14 specific specific JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 375 15 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 375 16 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 375 17 regions region NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 375 18 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 375 19 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 375 20 order order NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 375 21 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 375 22 take take VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 375 23 into into IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 375 24 account account NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 375 25 variations variation NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 375 26 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 375 27 cultural cultural JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 375 28 values value NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 375 29 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 375 30 affected affected JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 375 31 groups group NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 375 32 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 375 33 infection infection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 375 34 rates rate NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 375 35 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 375 36 legal legal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 375 37 systems system NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 375 38 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 375 39 economic economic JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 375 40 resources resource NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 375 41 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 375 42 human human JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 375 43 resources resource NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 375 44 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 376 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 376 2 this this DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 376 3 chapter chapter NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 376 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 376 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 376 6 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 376 7 analyzed analyze VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 376 8 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 376 9 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 376 10 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 376 11 issues issue NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 376 12 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 376 13 greater great JJR cord-017675-in9r33ww 376 14 detail detail NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 376 15 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 377 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 377 2 preceding precede VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 377 3 discussion discussion NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 377 4 shows show VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 377 5 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 377 6 great great JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 377 7 progress progress NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 377 8 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 377 9 been be VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 377 10 made make VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 377 11 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 377 12 these these DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 377 13 two two CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 377 14 fronts front NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 377 15 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 377 16 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 377 17 greater great JJR cord-017675-in9r33ww 377 18 progress progress NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 377 19 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 377 20 possible possible JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 377 21 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 378 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 378 2 analysis analysis NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 378 3 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 378 4 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 378 5 issues issue NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 378 6 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 378 7 particular particular JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 378 8 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 378 9 shown show VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 378 10 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 378 11 need need NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 378 12 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 378 13 integrate integrate VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 378 14 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 378 15 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 378 16 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 378 17 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 378 18 human human JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 378 19 rights right NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 378 20 strategies strategy NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 378 21 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 379 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 379 2 primary primary JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 379 3 reason reason NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 379 4 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 379 5 human human JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 379 6 rights right NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 379 7 need need VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 379 8 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 379 9 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 379 10 addressed address VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 379 11 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 379 12 because because IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 379 13 discrimination discrimination NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 379 14 keeps keep VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 379 15 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 379 16 away away RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 379 17 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 379 18 both both DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 379 19 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 379 20 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 379 21 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 379 22 programs program NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 380 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 380 2 Gruskin Gruskin NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 380 3 et et FW cord-017675-in9r33ww 380 4 al al NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 380 5 . . NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 380 6 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 380 7 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 380 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 380 9 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 1 Changing change VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 2 social social JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 3 attitudes attitude NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 4 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 5 order order NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 6 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 7 overcome overcome VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 8 stigma stigma NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 9 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 10 discrimination discrimination NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 11 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 12 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 13 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 14 easy easy JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 15 task task NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 16 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 17 particularly particularly RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 18 given give VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 19 deep deep JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 20 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 21 seated seat VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 22 fears fear NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 23 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 24 prejudices prejudice NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 25 surrounding surround VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 26 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 27 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 28 blood blood NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 29 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 30 disease disease NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 31 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 32 death death NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 33 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 34 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 35 wide wide JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 36 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 37 spread spread NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 38 perception perception NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 39 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 40 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 41 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 42 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 43 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 44 closely closely RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 45 supportive supportive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 46 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 47 enabling enable VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 48 environment environment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 49 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 50 women woman NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 51 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 52 children child NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 53 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 54 other other JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 55 vulnerable vulnerable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 56 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 57 change change VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 58 attitudes attitude NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 59 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 60 discrimination discrimination NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 61 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 62 stigmatization stigmatization NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 63 associated associate VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 64 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 65 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 66 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 67 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 68 Variations Variations NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 69 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 70 cultural cultural JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 71 values value NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 72 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 73 legal legal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 74 systems system NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 75 make make VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 76 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 77 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 78 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 79 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 80 related relate VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 81 human human JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 82 rights right NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 83 particularly particularly RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 84 difficult difficult JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 85 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 86 tackle tackle VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 87 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 88 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 89 global global JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 90 basis basis NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 381 91 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 382 1 However however RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 382 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 382 3 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 382 4 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 382 5 AIDSrelated aidsrelate VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 382 6 human human JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 382 7 rights right NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 382 8 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 382 9 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 382 10 area area NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 382 11 where where WRB cord-017675-in9r33ww 382 12 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 382 13 least least JJS cord-017675-in9r33ww 382 14 progress progress NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 382 15 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 382 16 been be VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 382 17 made make VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 382 18 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 382 19 need need VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 382 20 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 382 21 become become VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 382 22 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 382 23 central central JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 382 24 focus focus NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 382 25 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 382 26 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 382 27 global global JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 382 28 fight fight NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 382 29 against against IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 382 30 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 382 31 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 382 32 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 382 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 382 34 Jürgens Jürgens NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 382 35 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 382 36 Cohen Cohen NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 382 37 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 382 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 382 39 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 2 this this DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 3 section section NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 6 focus focus VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 7 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 8 three three CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 9 categories category NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 10 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 11 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 12 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 14 1 1 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 16 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 17 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 18 discriminate discriminate VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 19 against against IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 20 vulnerable vulnerable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 21 groups group NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 22 ; ; , cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 24 2 2 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 26 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 27 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 28 discriminate discriminate VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 29 against against IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 30 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 31 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 32 positive positive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 33 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 34 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 35 such such JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 36 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 37 those those DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 38 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 39 criminalize criminalize VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 40 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 41 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 42 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 43 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 45 3 3 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 47 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 48 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 49 prohibit prohibit VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 50 discrimination discrimination NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 51 against against IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 52 vulnerable vulnerable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 53 groups group NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 54 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 55 including include VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 56 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 57 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 58 positive positive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 59 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 383 60 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 384 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 384 2 review review VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 384 3 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 384 4 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 384 5 Nations Nations NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 384 6 International International NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 384 7 Guidelines Guidelines NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 384 8 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 384 9 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 384 10 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 384 11 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 384 12 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 384 13 Human Human NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 384 14 Rights Rights NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 384 15 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 384 16 provide provide VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 384 17 examples example NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 384 18 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 384 19 each each DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 384 20 category category NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 384 21 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 385 1 9 9 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 386 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 386 2 Way Way NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 386 3 Forward Forward NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 386 4 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 386 5 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 386 6 Treatment Treatment NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 386 7 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 386 8 Human Human NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 386 9 Rights Rights NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 386 10 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 386 11 understanding understanding NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 386 12 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 386 13 acceptance acceptance NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 386 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 386 15 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 386 16 Nations Nations NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 386 17 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 386 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 386 19 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 387 1 groups group NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 387 2 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 2 Guidelines Guidelines NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 3 also also RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 4 recommend recommend VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 5 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 6 States state NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 7 promote promote VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 8 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 9 wide wide JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 10 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 11 ongoing ongoing JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 12 distribution distribution NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 13 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 14 creative creative JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 15 education education NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 16 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 17 training training NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 18 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 19 media medium NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 20 programs program NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 21 explicitly explicitly RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 22 designed design VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 23 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 24 Nations Nations NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 25 International International NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 26 Guidelines Guidelines NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 27 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 28 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 29 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 30 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 31 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 32 Human Human NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 33 Rights Rights NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 34 redialogue redialogue NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 35 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 36 specially specially RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 37 designed design VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 38 social social JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 39 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 40 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 41 services service NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 42 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 43 support support NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 44 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 45 community community NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 46 commend commend VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 47 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 48 States States NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 49 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 50 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 51 collaboration collaboration NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 52 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 53 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 54 through through IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 55 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 56 community community NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 57 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 58 promote promote VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 59 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 60 groups group NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 61 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 62 addressing address VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 63 underlying underlie VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 64 prejudices prejudice NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 65 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 66 inequalities inequality NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 67 through through IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 68 community community NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 69 326 326 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 70 tied tie VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 71 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 72 deviant deviant JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 73 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 74 immoral immoral JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 75 behavior behavior NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 76 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 77 Jürgens Jürgens NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 78 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 79 Cohen Cohen NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 80 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 81 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 82 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 388 83 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 389 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 389 2 this this DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 389 3 regard regard NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 389 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 389 5 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 389 6 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 389 7 law law NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 389 8 plays play VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 389 9 different different JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 389 10 roles role NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 389 11 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 389 12 respect respect NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 389 13 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 389 14 infectious infectious JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 389 15 diseases disease NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 389 16 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 390 1 Some some DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 390 2 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 390 3 risks risk NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 390 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 390 5 such such JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 390 6 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 390 7 poor poor JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 390 8 access access NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 390 9 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 390 10 sterile sterile JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 390 11 injection injection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 390 12 equipment equipment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 390 13 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 390 14 can can MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 390 15 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 390 16 directly directly RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 390 17 attributed attribute VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 390 18 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 390 19 law law NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 390 20 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 390 21 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 390 22 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 390 23 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 390 24 been be VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 390 25 used use VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 390 26 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 390 27 change change VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 390 28 unhealthy unhealthy JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 390 29 behaviors behavior NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 390 30 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 390 31 such such JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 390 32 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 390 33 smoking smoking NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 390 34 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 390 35 drunk drunk JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 390 36 driving driving NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 390 37 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 391 1 Both both DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 391 2 international international JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 391 3 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 391 4 national national JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 391 5 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 391 6 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 391 7 used use VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 391 8 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 391 9 disease disease NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 391 10 control control NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 391 11 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 392 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 392 2 addition addition NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 392 3 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 392 4 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 392 5 law law NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 392 6 's 's POS cord-017675-in9r33ww 392 7 role role NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 392 8 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 392 9 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 392 10 source source NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 392 11 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 392 12 disease disease NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 392 13 control control NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 392 14 authority authority NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 392 15 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 392 16 government government NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 392 17 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 392 18 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 392 19 law law NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 392 20 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 392 21 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 392 22 countervailing countervailing JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 392 23 role role NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 392 24 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 392 25 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 392 26 source source NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 392 27 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 392 28 protection protection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 392 29 against against IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 392 30 excessive excessive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 392 31 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 392 32 unnecessary unnecessary JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 392 33 regulations regulation NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 392 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 392 35 Burris Burris NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 392 36 1999 1999 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 392 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 392 38 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 393 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 393 2 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 393 3 Nations Nations NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 393 4 International International NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 393 5 Guidelines Guidelines NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 393 6 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 393 7 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 393 8 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 393 9 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 393 10 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 393 11 Human Human NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 393 12 Rights Rights NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 393 13 acknowledge acknowledge VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 393 14 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 393 15 inherent inherent JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 393 16 limitations limitation NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 393 17 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 393 18 using use VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 393 19 law law NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 393 20 reform reform NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 393 21 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 393 22 enhance enhance VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 393 23 human human JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 393 24 rights right NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 393 25 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 394 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 394 2 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 394 3 human human JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 394 4 rights right NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 394 5 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 394 6 depend depend VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 394 7 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 394 8 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 394 9 strength strength NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 394 10 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 394 11 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 394 12 legal legal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 394 13 system system NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 394 14 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 394 15 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 394 16 given give VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 394 17 society society NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 394 18 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 394 19 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 394 20 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 394 21 access access NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 394 22 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 394 23 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 394 24 citizens citizen NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 394 25 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 394 26 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 394 27 system system NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 394 28 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 394 29 both both DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 394 30 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 394 31 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 394 32 vary vary VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 394 33 considerably considerably RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 394 34 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 394 35 one one CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 394 36 country country NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 394 37 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 394 38 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 394 39 next next JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 394 40 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 395 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 395 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 395 3 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 395 4 law law NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 395 5 can can MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 395 6 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 395 7 serve serve VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 395 8 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 395 9 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 395 10 only only JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 395 11 means mean NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 395 12 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 395 13 educating educate VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 395 14 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 395 15 changing change VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 395 16 attitudes attitude NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 395 17 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 395 18 achieving achieve VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 395 19 behavioral behavioral JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 395 20 change change NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 395 21 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 395 22 protecting protect VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 395 23 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 395 24 's 's POS cord-017675-in9r33ww 395 25 rights right NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 395 26 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 396 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 396 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 396 3 since since IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 396 4 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 396 5 regulate regulate VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 396 6 conduct conduct NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 396 7 between between IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 396 8 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 396 9 State state NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 396 10 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 396 11 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 396 12 individual individual NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 396 13 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 396 14 between between IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 396 15 individuals individual NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 396 16 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 396 17 they -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 396 18 can can MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 396 19 either either CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 396 20 support support VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 396 21 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 396 22 undermine undermine VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 396 23 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 396 24 observance observance NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 396 25 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 396 26 human human JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 396 27 rights right NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 396 28 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 396 29 including include VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 396 30 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 396 31 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 396 32 related relate VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 396 33 human human JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 396 34 rights right NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 396 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 396 36 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 396 37 Nations Nations NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 396 38 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 396 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 396 40 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 397 1 For for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 397 2 these these DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 397 3 reasons reason NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 397 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 397 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 397 6 first first RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 397 7 consider consider VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 397 8 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 397 9 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 397 10 support support VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 397 11 human human JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 397 12 rights right NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 397 13 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 1 While while IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 2 social social JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 3 attitudes attitude NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 4 may may MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 5 take take VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 6 time time NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 7 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 8 change change VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 9 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 10 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 11 important important JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 12 first first JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 13 step step NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 14 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 15 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 16 reform reform VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 17 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 18 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 19 policies policy NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 20 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 21 practices practice NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 22 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 23 institutionalize institutionalize VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 24 discrimination discrimination NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 25 against against IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 26 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 27 groups group NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 28 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 29 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 30 who who WP cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 31 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 32 most most RBS cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 33 vulnerable vulnerable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 34 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 35 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 36 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 37 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 38 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 39 women woman NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 40 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 41 girls girl NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 42 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 43 men man NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 44 who who WP cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 45 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 46 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 47 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 48 men man NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 49 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 50 commercial commercial JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 51 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 52 workers worker NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 53 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 54 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 55 injection injection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 56 drug drug NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 57 users user NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 398 58 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 399 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 399 2 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 399 3 Nations Nations NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 399 4 International International NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 399 5 Guidelines Guidelines NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 399 6 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 399 7 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 399 8 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 399 9 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 399 10 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 399 11 Human Human NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 399 12 Rights Rights NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 399 13 recommend recommend VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 399 14 consistent consistent JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 399 15 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 399 16 international international JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 399 17 human human JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 399 18 rights right NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 399 19 obligations obligation NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 399 20 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 399 21 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 399 22 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 399 23 targeted target VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 399 24 against against IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 399 25 vulnerable vulnerable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 399 26 groups group NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 399 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 399 28 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 399 29 Nations Nations NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 399 30 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 399 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 399 32 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 400 1 Laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 400 2 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 400 3 this this DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 400 4 category category NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 400 5 include include VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 400 6 those those DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 400 7 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 400 8 prohibit prohibit VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 400 9 sexual sexual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 400 10 acts act NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 400 11 between between IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 400 12 consenting consent VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 400 13 adults adult NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 400 14 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 400 15 private private JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 400 16 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 400 17 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 400 18 prohibiting prohibit VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 400 19 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 400 20 work work NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 400 21 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 400 22 involves involve VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 400 23 no no DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 400 24 victimization victimization NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 400 25 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 400 26 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 400 27 prohibiting prohibit VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 400 28 measures measure NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 400 29 such such JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 400 30 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 400 31 needle needle NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 400 32 exchange exchange NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 400 33 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 400 34 can can MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 400 35 reduce reduce VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 400 36 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 400 37 harm harm NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 400 38 associated associate VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 400 39 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 400 40 illicit illicit JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 400 41 drug drug NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 400 42 use use NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 400 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 400 44 Elliot Elliot NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 400 45 2002 2002 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 400 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 400 47 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 2 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 3 Nations Nations NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 4 International International NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 5 Guidelines Guidelines NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 6 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 7 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 8 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 9 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 10 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 11 Human Human NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 12 Rights Rights NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 13 recommend recommend VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 14 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 15 enactment enactment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 16 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 17 anti anti JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 18 - - JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 19 discrimination discrimination JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 20 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 21 protective protective JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 22 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 23 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 24 reduce reduce VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 25 human human JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 26 rights right NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 27 violations violation NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 28 against against IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 29 women woman NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 30 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 31 children child NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 32 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 33 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 34 context context NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 35 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 36 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 37 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 38 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 39 reduce reduce VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 40 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 41 vulnerability vulnerability NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 42 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 43 women woman NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 44 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 45 children child NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 46 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 47 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 48 infection infection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 49 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 50 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 51 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 52 impact impact NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 53 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 54 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 55 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 56 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 401 57 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 1 With with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 2 respect respect NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 3 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 4 women woman NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 5 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 6 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 7 Guidelines Guidelines NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 8 recommend recommend VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 9 law law NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 10 reforms reform NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 11 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 12 ensure ensure VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 13 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 14 equality equality NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 15 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 16 women woman NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 17 regarding regard VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 18 property property NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 19 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 20 marital marital JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 21 relations relation NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 22 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 23 access access VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 24 327 327 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 25 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 26 States States NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 27 reform reform VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 28 criminal criminal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 29 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 30 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 31 correctional correctional JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 32 systems system NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 33 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 34 ensure ensure VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 35 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 36 they -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 37 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 38 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 39 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 40 negative negative JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 41 impact impact NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 42 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 43 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 44 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 45 related relate VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 46 human human JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 47 rights right NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 48 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 49 then then RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 50 consider consider VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 51 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 52 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 53 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 54 employment employment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 55 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 56 economic economic JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 57 opportunity opportunity NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 58 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 59 such such JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 60 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 61 equal equal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 62 rights right NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 63 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 64 own own VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 65 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 66 inherit inherit VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 67 property property NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 68 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 69 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 70 enter enter VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 71 into into IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 72 contracts contract NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 73 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 74 marriage marriage NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 75 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 76 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 77 obtain obtain VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 78 credit credit NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 79 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 80 finance finance NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 81 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 82 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 83 initiate initiate VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 84 separation separation NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 85 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 86 divorce divorce NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 87 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 88 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 89 equitably equitably RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 90 share share VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 91 assets asset NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 92 upon upon IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 93 divorce divorce NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 94 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 95 separation separation NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 96 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 97 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 98 retain retain VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 99 custody custody NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 100 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 101 children child NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 402 102 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 403 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 403 2 addition addition NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 403 3 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 403 4 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 403 5 should should MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 403 6 ensure ensure VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 403 7 women woman NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 403 8 's 's POS cord-017675-in9r33ww 403 9 reproductive reproductive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 403 10 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 403 11 sexual sexual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 403 12 rights right NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 403 13 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 403 14 including include VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 403 15 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 403 16 right right NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 403 17 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 403 18 independent independent JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 403 19 access access NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 403 20 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 403 21 reproductive reproductive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 403 22 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 403 23 sexual sexual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 403 24 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 403 25 information information NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 403 26 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 403 27 services service NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 403 28 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 403 29 contraception contraception NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 403 30 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 403 31 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 403 32 right right NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 403 33 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 403 34 demand demand VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 403 35 safer safe JJR cord-017675-in9r33ww 403 36 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 403 37 practices practice NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 403 38 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 403 39 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 403 40 right right NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 403 41 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 403 42 legal legal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 403 43 protection protection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 403 44 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 403 45 sexual sexual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 403 46 violence violence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 403 47 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 404 1 With with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 404 2 children child NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 404 3 against against IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 404 4 sexual sexual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 404 5 abuse abuse NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 404 6 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 404 7 provide provide VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 404 8 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 404 9 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 404 10 rehabilitation rehabilitation NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 404 11 if if IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 404 12 abused abuse VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 404 13 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 404 14 ensexual ensexual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 404 15 abuse abuse NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 404 16 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 404 17 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 404 18 husbands husband NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 404 19 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 405 1 When when WRB cord-017675-in9r33ww 405 2 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 405 3 husband husband NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 405 4 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 405 5 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 405 6 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 405 7 positive positive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 405 8 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 405 9 engages engage VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 405 10 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 405 11 unsafe unsafe JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 405 12 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 405 13 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 405 14 drug drug NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 405 15 use use NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 405 16 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 405 17 this this DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 405 18 increases increase VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 405 19 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 405 20 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 405 21 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 405 22 infection infection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 405 23 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 405 24 women woman NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 405 25 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 406 1 Child child NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 406 2 cusdren cusdren NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 406 3 make make VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 406 4 it -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 406 5 difficult difficult JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 406 6 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 406 7 women woman NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 406 8 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 406 9 leave leave VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 406 10 abusive abusive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 406 11 relationships relationship NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 406 12 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 407 1 While while IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 407 2 statutes statute NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 407 3 allow allow VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 407 4 property property NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 407 5 ownership ownership NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 407 6 regardless regardless RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 407 7 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 407 8 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 407 9 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 407 10 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 407 11 practice practice NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 407 12 women woman NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 407 13 only only RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 407 14 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 407 15 user user NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 407 16 rights right NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 407 17 under under IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 407 18 customary customary JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 407 19 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 407 20 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 407 21 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 407 22 ownership ownership NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 407 23 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 408 1 Under under IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 408 2 inheritance inheritance NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 408 3 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 408 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 408 5 property property NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 408 6 remains remain VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 408 7 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 408 8 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 408 9 man man NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 408 10 's 's POS cord-017675-in9r33ww 408 11 family family NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 408 12 after after IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 408 13 he -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 408 14 dies die VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 408 15 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 409 1 Thus thus RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 409 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 409 3 if if IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 409 4 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 409 5 woman woman NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 409 6 wants want VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 409 7 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 409 8 leave leave VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 409 9 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 409 10 abusive abusive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 409 11 husband husband NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 409 12 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 409 13 her -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 409 14 husband husband NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 409 15 dies die VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 409 16 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 409 17 she -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 409 18 can can MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 409 19 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 409 20 take take VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 409 21 any any DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 409 22 property property NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 409 23 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 409 24 her -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 409 25 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 409 26 leaving leave VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 409 27 women woman NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 409 28 economically economically RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 409 29 dependant dependant JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 409 30 upon upon IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 409 31 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 409 32 husbands husband NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 409 33 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 409 34 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 409 35 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 409 36 widows widow NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 409 37 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 409 38 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 409 39 families family NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 409 40 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 410 1 New new JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 410 2 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 410 3 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 410 4 created create VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 410 5 inheritance inheritance NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 410 6 rights right NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 410 7 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 410 8 dependants dependant NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 410 9 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 410 10 but but CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 410 11 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 410 12 ignored ignore VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 410 13 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 410 14 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 410 15 man man NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 410 16 's 's POS cord-017675-in9r33ww 410 17 family family NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 410 18 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 410 19 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 410 20 enforced enforce VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 410 21 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 411 1 As as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 411 2 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 411 3 result result NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 411 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 411 5 women woman NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 411 6 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 411 7 children child NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 411 8 widowed widow VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 411 9 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 411 10 women woman NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 411 11 must must MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 411 12 either either CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 411 13 rely rely VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 411 14 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 411 15 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 411 16 in in NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 411 17 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 411 18 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 411 19 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 411 20 support support NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 411 21 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 411 22 become become VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 411 23 commercial commercial JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 411 24 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 411 25 workers worker NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 411 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 411 27 Kelly Kelly NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 411 28 2004 2004 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 411 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 411 30 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 412 1 Laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 412 2 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 412 3 cultural cultural JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 412 4 traditions tradition NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 412 5 thus thus RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 412 6 increase increase VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 412 7 women woman NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 412 8 's 's POS cord-017675-in9r33ww 412 9 vulnerability vulnerability NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 412 10 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 412 11 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 412 12 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 412 13 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 412 14 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 412 15 either either CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 412 16 within within IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 412 17 marriage marriage NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 412 18 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 412 19 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 412 20 forcing force VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 412 21 them -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 412 22 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 412 23 support support VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 412 24 themselves -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 412 25 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 412 26 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 412 27 children child NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 412 28 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 412 29 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 412 30 workers worker NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 412 31 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 413 1 recommend recommend VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 413 2 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 413 3 enactment enactment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 413 4 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 413 5 anti anti JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 413 6 - - JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 413 7 discrimination discrimination JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 413 8 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 413 9 protective protective JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 413 10 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 413 11 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 413 12 reduce reduce VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 413 13 discriminatory discriminatory JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 413 14 property property NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 413 15 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 413 16 divorce divorce NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 413 17 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 413 18 inheritance inheritance NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 413 19 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 413 20 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 413 21 same same JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 413 22 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 413 23 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 413 24 relationships relationship NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 413 25 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 414 1 9 9 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 415 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 415 2 Way Way NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 415 3 Forward Forward NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 415 4 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 415 5 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 415 6 Treatment Treatment NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 415 7 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 415 8 Human Human NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 415 9 Rights Rights NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 415 10 tody tody NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 415 11 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 415 12 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 415 13 customary customary JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 415 14 practice practice NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 415 15 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 415 16 traditions tradition NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 415 17 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 415 18 favor favor VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 415 19 paternal paternal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 415 20 custody custody NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 415 21 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 415 22 chil chil NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 415 23 - - : cord-017675-in9r33ww 415 24 sure sure JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 415 25 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 415 26 they -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 415 27 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 415 28 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 415 29 subject subject JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 415 30 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 415 31 penalties penalty NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 415 32 themselves -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 415 33 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 1 Protection protection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 2 under under IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 3 disability disability NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 4 human human JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 5 rights right NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 6 violations violation NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 7 against against IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 8 men man NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 9 having have VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 10 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 11 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 12 men man NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 13 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 14 including include VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 15 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 16 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 17 context context NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 18 328 328 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 19 orphaned orphan VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 20 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 21 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 22 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 23 left leave VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 24 without without IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 25 adequate adequate JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 26 resources resource NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 27 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 28 medical medical JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 29 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 30 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 31 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 32 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 33 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 34 Nations Nations NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 35 International International NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 36 Guidelines Guidelines NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 37 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 38 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 39 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 40 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 41 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 42 Human Human NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 43 Rights Rights NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 44 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 45 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 46 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 47 including include VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 48 penalties penalty NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 49 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 50 vilification vilification NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 51 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 52 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 53 who who WP cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 54 engage engage VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 55 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 56 same same JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 57 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 58 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 59 respect respect NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 60 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 61 children child NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 62 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 63 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 64 should should MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 65 provide provide VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 66 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 67 children child NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 68 's 's POS cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 69 access access NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 70 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 71 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 72 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 73 related relate VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 74 inlaws inlaw NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 75 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 76 inheritance inheritance NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 77 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 78 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 79 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 80 child child NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 81 custody custody NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 82 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 416 83 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 417 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 417 2 many many JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 417 3 African african JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 417 4 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 417 5 marital marital JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 417 6 rape rape NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 417 7 does do VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 417 8 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 417 9 exist exist VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 417 10 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 417 11 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 417 12 legal legal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 417 13 concept concept NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 417 14 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 417 15 leaving leave VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 417 16 women woman NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 417 17 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 417 18 no no DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 417 19 recourse recourse NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 417 20 against against IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 417 21 formation formation NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 417 22 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 417 23 education education NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 417 24 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 417 25 means mean NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 417 26 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 417 27 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 417 28 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 417 29 govern govern VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 417 30 children child NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 417 31 's 's POS cord-017675-in9r33ww 417 32 access access NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 417 33 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 417 34 volcontext volcontext NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 417 35 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 417 36 orphans orphan NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 417 37 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 417 38 including include VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 417 39 inheritance inheritance NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 417 40 and/or and/or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 417 41 support support NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 417 42 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 1 Laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 2 should should MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 3 also also RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 4 protect protect VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 5 untary untary JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 6 testing testing NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 7 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 8 consent consent NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 9 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 10 should should MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 11 protect protect VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 12 children child NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 13 against against IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 14 mandatory mandatory JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 15 testing testing NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 16 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 17 particularly particularly RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 18 if if IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 19 orphaned orphan VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 20 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 21 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 22 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 23 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 24 provide provide VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 25 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 26 other other JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 27 forms form NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 28 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 29 protection protection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 30 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 31 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 32 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 33 sub sub JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 34 - - JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 35 Saharan saharan JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 36 Africa Africa NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 37 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 38 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 39 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 40 particular particular JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 41 concern concern NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 42 include include VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 43 marital marital JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 44 rape rape NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 45 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 46 property property NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 47 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 48 should should MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 49 also also RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 50 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 51 ensured ensure VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 52 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 53 children child NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 54 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 55 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 56 Nations Nations NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 57 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 58 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 418 59 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 419 1 One one CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 419 2 key key JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 419 3 purpose purpose NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 419 4 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 419 5 such such JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 419 6 anti anti JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 419 7 - - JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 419 8 discrimination discrimination JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 419 9 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 419 10 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 419 11 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 419 12 reduce reduce VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 419 13 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 419 14 vulnerability vulnerability NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 419 15 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 419 16 men man NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 419 17 who who WP cord-017675-in9r33ww 419 18 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 419 19 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 419 20 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 419 21 men man NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 419 22 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 419 23 infection infection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 419 24 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 419 25 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 419 26 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 419 27 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 419 28 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 419 29 impact impact NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 419 30 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 419 31 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 419 32 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 419 33 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 419 34 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 420 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 420 2 Guidelines Guidelines NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 420 3 also also RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 420 4 recommend recommend VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 420 5 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 420 6 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 420 7 age age NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 420 8 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 420 9 consent consent NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 420 10 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 420 11 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 420 12 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 420 13 marriage marriage NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 420 14 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 420 15 consistent consistent JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 420 16 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 420 17 heterosexual heterosexual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 420 18 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 420 19 homosexual homosexual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 420 20 relationships relationship NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 420 21 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 420 22 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 420 23 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 420 24 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 420 25 police police NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 420 26 practices practice NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 420 27 relating relate VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 420 28 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 420 29 assaults assault NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 420 30 against against IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 420 31 men man NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 420 32 who who WP cord-017675-in9r33ww 420 33 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 420 34 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 420 35 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 420 36 men man NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 420 37 ensure ensure VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 420 38 adequate adequate JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 420 39 legal legal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 420 40 protection protection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 420 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 420 42 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 420 43 Nations Nations NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 420 44 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 420 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 420 46 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 421 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 421 2 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 421 3 2006 2006 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 421 4 internet internet NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 421 5 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 421 6 based base VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 421 7 survey survey NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 421 8 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 421 9 759 759 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 421 10 sexually sexually RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 421 11 active active JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 421 12 MSM MSM NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 421 13 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 421 14 New New NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 421 15 York York NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 421 16 City City NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 421 17 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 421 18 11 11 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 421 19 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 421 20 reported report VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 421 21 being be VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 421 22 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 421 23 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 421 24 positive positive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 421 25 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 421 26 74 74 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 421 27 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 421 28 reported report VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 421 29 being be VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 421 30 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 421 31 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 421 32 negative negative JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 421 33 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 422 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 422 2 majority majority NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 422 3 were be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 422 4 white white JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 422 5 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 422 6 college college NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 422 7 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 422 8 educated educate VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 422 9 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 422 10 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 422 11 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 422 12 30s 30 NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 422 13 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 423 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 423 2 race race NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 423 3 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 423 4 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 423 5 respondents respondent NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 423 6 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 423 7 white white JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 423 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 423 9 77 77 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 423 10 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 423 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 423 12 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 423 13 latino latino NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 423 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 423 15 13 13 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 423 16 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 423 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 423 18 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 423 19 black black JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 423 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 423 21 4 4 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 423 22 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 423 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 423 24 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 423 25 other other JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 423 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 423 27 6 6 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 423 28 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 423 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 423 30 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 424 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 424 2 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 424 3 previous previous JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 424 4 12 12 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 424 5 months month NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 424 6 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 424 7 45 45 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 424 8 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 424 9 had have VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 424 10 more more JJR cord-017675-in9r33ww 424 11 than than IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 424 12 ten ten CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 424 13 male male JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 424 14 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 424 15 partners partner NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 424 16 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 424 17 53 53 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 424 18 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 424 19 had have VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 424 20 engaged engage VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 424 21 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 424 22 unprotected unprotected JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 424 23 anal anal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 424 24 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 424 25 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 424 26 37 37 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 424 27 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 424 28 had have VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 424 29 used use VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 424 30 non non JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 424 31 - - JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 424 32 injection injection JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 424 33 drugs drug NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 424 34 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 425 1 Fifty fifty CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 425 2 percent percent NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 425 3 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 425 4 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 425 5 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 425 6 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 425 7 positive positive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 425 8 men man NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 425 9 had have VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 425 10 unprotected unprotected JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 425 11 anal anal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 425 12 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 425 13 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 425 14 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 425 15 previous previous JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 425 16 12 12 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 425 17 months month NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 425 18 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 425 19 71 71 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 425 20 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 425 21 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 425 22 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 425 23 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 425 24 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 425 25 negative negative JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 425 26 men man NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 425 27 had have VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 425 28 unprotected unprotected JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 425 29 anal anal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 425 30 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 425 31 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 425 32 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 425 33 previous previous JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 425 34 12 12 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 425 35 months month NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 425 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 425 37 NYC NYC NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 425 38 Health Health NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 425 39 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 425 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 425 41 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 426 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 426 2 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 426 3 2006 2006 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 426 4 survey survey NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 426 5 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 426 6 614 614 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 426 7 Black black JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 426 8 MSM MSM NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 426 9 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 426 10 New New NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 426 11 York York NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 426 12 City City NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 426 13 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 426 14 67 67 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 426 15 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 426 16 were be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 426 17 HIVhigh hivhigh NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 426 18 school school NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 426 19 education education NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 426 20 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 426 21 67 67 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 426 22 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 426 23 were be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 426 24 unemployed unemployed JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 426 25 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 426 26 57 57 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 426 27 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 426 28 had have VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 426 29 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 426 30 annual annual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 426 31 income income NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 426 32 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 426 33 less less JJR cord-017675-in9r33ww 426 34 than than IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 426 35 USD USD NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 426 36 10,000 10,000 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 426 37 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 427 1 Fifty fifty CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 427 2 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 427 3 six six CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 427 4 percent percent NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 427 5 identified identify VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 427 6 themselves -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 427 7 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 427 8 homosexual homosexual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 427 9 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 427 10 32 32 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 427 11 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 427 12 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 427 13 bisexual bisexual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 427 14 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 427 15 6 6 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 427 16 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 427 17 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 427 18 heterosexual heterosexual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 427 19 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 427 20 6 6 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 427 21 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 427 22 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 427 23 other other JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 427 24 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 428 1 Sixty sixty CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 428 2 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 428 3 five five CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 428 4 percent percent NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 428 5 had have VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 428 6 previously previously RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 428 7 been be VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 428 8 diagnosed diagnose VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 428 9 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 428 10 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 428 11 sexually sexually RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 428 12 transmitted transmit VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 428 13 infection infection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 428 14 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 428 15 30 30 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 428 16 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 428 17 had have VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 428 18 been be VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 428 19 raped rape VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 428 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 428 21 80 80 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 428 22 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 428 23 before before IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 428 24 they -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 428 25 were be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 428 26 18 18 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 428 27 years year NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 428 28 old old JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 428 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 428 30 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 429 1 Eighty eighty CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 429 2 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 429 3 four four CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 429 4 percent percent NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 429 5 knew know VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 429 6 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 429 7 they -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 429 8 were be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 429 9 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 429 10 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 429 11 positive positive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 429 12 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 430 1 Of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 430 2 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 430 3 16 16 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 430 4 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 430 5 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 430 6 were be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 430 7 unaware unaware JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 430 8 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 430 9 they -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 430 10 were be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 430 11 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 430 12 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 430 13 positive positive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 430 14 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 430 15 53 53 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 430 16 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 430 17 reported report VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 430 18 having have VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 430 19 been be VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 430 20 tested test VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 430 21 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 430 22 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 430 23 previously previously RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 430 24 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 1 Of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 2 those those DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 3 who who WP cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 4 had have VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 5 never never RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 6 been be VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 7 tested test VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 8 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 9 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 10 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 11 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 12 reasons reason NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 13 they -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 14 gave give VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 15 were be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 16 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 18 1 1 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 20 being be VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 21 afraid afraid JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 22 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 23 learn learn VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 24 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 25 they -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 26 had have VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 27 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 28 perception perception NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 29 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 30 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 31 being be VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 32 at at IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 33 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 34 because because IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 35 they -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 36 practiced practice VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 37 safe safe JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 38 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 40 16 16 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 41 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 43 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 44 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 46 4 4 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 48 being be VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 49 afraid afraid JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 50 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 51 results result NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 52 will will MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 53 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 54 reported report VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 55 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 56 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 57 government government NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 58 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 59 16 16 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 60 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 61 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 431 62 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 432 1 Fifty fifty CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 432 2 percent percent NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 432 3 reported report VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 432 4 unprotected unprotected JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 432 5 anal anal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 432 6 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 432 7 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 432 8 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 432 9 man man NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 432 10 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 432 11 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 432 12 previous previous JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 432 13 3 3 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 432 14 months month NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 432 15 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 432 16 31 31 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 432 17 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 432 18 had have VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 432 19 exchanged exchange VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 432 20 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 432 21 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 432 22 drugs drug NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 432 23 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 432 24 money money NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 432 25 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 432 26 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 432 27 place place NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 432 28 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 432 29 stay stay VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 432 30 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 432 31 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 432 32 same same JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 432 33 period period NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 432 34 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 433 1 Among among IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 433 2 those those DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 433 3 who who WP cord-017675-in9r33ww 433 4 had have VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 433 5 unprotected unprotected JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 433 6 anal anal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 433 7 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 433 8 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 433 9 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 433 10 man man NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 433 11 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 433 12 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 433 13 last last JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 433 14 sexual sexual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 433 15 encounter encounter NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 433 16 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 433 17 84 84 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 433 18 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 433 19 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 433 20 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 433 21 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 433 22 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 433 23 positive positive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 433 24 men man NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 433 25 had have VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 433 26 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 433 27 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 433 28 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 433 29 positive positive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 433 30 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 433 31 partner partner NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 433 32 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 433 33 89 89 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 433 34 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 433 35 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 433 36 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 433 37 HIVnegative hivnegative JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 433 38 men man NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 433 39 had have VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 433 40 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 433 41 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 433 42 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 433 43 negative negative JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 433 44 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 433 45 partner partner NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 433 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 433 47 NYC NYC NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 433 48 Health Health NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 433 49 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 433 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 433 51 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 434 1 According accord VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 434 2 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 434 3 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 434 4 UNAIDS UNAIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 434 5 Guidance Guidance NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 434 6 Note Note NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 434 7 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 434 8 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 434 9 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 434 10 Sex Sex NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 434 11 Work Work NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 434 12 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 434 13 despite despite IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 434 14 high high JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 434 15 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 434 16 prevalence prevalence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 434 17 among among IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 434 18 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 434 19 workers worker NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 434 20 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 434 21 only only RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 434 22 one one CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 434 23 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 434 24 three three CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 434 25 receive receive VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 434 26 adequate adequate JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 434 27 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 434 28 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 434 29 services service NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 434 30 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 434 31 even even RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 434 32 fewer few JJR cord-017675-in9r33ww 434 33 receive receive VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 434 34 adequate adequate JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 434 35 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 434 36 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 434 37 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 434 38 care care NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 434 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 434 40 UNAIDS UNAIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 434 41 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 434 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 434 43 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 435 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 435 2 UNAIDS UNAIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 435 3 Guidance Guidance NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 435 4 Note Note NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 435 5 focuses focus VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 435 6 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 435 7 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 435 8 reduction reduction NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 435 9 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 435 10 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 435 11 vulnerability vulnerability NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 435 12 among among IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 435 13 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 435 14 workers worker NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 435 15 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 435 16 who who WP cord-017675-in9r33ww 435 17 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 435 18 defined define VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 435 19 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 435 20 adults adult NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 435 21 over over IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 435 22 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 435 23 age age NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 435 24 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 435 25 18 18 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 435 26 years year NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 435 27 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 435 28 order order NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 435 29 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 435 30 take take VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 435 31 into into IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 435 32 account account NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 435 33 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 435 34 sexual sexual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 435 35 exploitation exploitation NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 435 36 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 435 37 children child NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 435 38 under under IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 435 39 18 18 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 435 40 years year NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 435 41 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 435 42 age age NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 435 43 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 435 44 prohibited prohibit VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 435 45 under under IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 435 46 international international JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 435 47 law law NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 435 48 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 436 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 436 2 key key JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 436 3 factors factor NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 436 4 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 436 5 lead lead VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 436 6 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 436 7 into into IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 436 8 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 436 9 work work NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 436 10 include include VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 436 11 poverty poverty NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 436 12 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 436 13 gender gender NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 436 14 inequality inequality NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 436 15 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 436 16 indebtedness indebtedness NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 436 17 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 436 18 migration migration NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 436 19 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 436 20 criminal criminal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 436 21 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 436 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 436 23 48 48 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 436 24 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 436 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 436 26 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 436 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 436 28 2 2 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 436 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 436 30 being be VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 436 31 worried worried JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 436 32 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 436 33 others other NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 436 34 might may MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 436 35 treat treat VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 436 36 them -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 436 37 differently differently RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 436 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 436 39 26 26 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 436 40 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 436 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 436 42 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 436 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 436 44 3 3 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 436 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 436 46 positive positive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 436 47 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 437 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 437 2 median median JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 437 3 age age NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 437 4 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 437 5 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 437 6 respondents respondent NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 437 7 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 437 8 42 42 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 437 9 years year NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 437 10 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 437 11 22 22 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 437 12 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 437 13 had have VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 437 14 less less JJR cord-017675-in9r33ww 437 15 than than IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 437 16 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 437 17 coercion coercion NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 437 18 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 437 19 humanitarian humanitarian JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 437 20 emergencies emergency NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 437 21 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 437 22 drug drug NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 437 23 use use NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 437 24 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 437 25 dysfunctional dysfunctional JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 437 26 families family NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 437 27 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 438 1 Laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 438 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 438 3 policies policy NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 438 4 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 438 5 practices practice NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 438 6 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 438 7 drive drive VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 438 8 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 438 9 work work NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 438 10 underground underground RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 438 11 make make VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 438 12 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 438 13 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 438 14 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 438 15 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 438 16 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 438 17 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 438 18 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 438 19 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 438 20 workers worker NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 438 21 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 438 22 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 438 23 clients client NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 438 24 more more RBR cord-017675-in9r33ww 438 25 difficult difficult JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 438 26 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 439 1 Discrimination discrimination NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 439 2 against against IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 439 3 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 439 4 workers worker NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 439 5 among among IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 439 6 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 439 7 police police NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 439 8 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 439 9 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 439 10 care care NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 439 11 services service NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 439 12 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 439 13 other other JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 439 14 social social JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 439 15 services service NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 439 16 impede impede VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 439 17 access access NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 439 18 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 439 19 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 439 20 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 439 21 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 439 22 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 440 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 440 2 UNAIDS UNAIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 440 3 Guidance Guidance NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 440 4 Note Note NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 440 5 organizes organize VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 440 6 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 440 7 recommendations recommendation NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 440 8 into into IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 440 9 three three CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 440 10 categories category NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 440 11 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 440 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 440 13 1 1 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 440 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 440 15 reducing reduce VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 440 16 vulnerabilities vulnerability NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 440 17 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 440 18 addressing address VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 440 19 structural structural JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 440 20 issues issue NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 440 21 ; ; , cord-017675-in9r33ww 440 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 440 23 2 2 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 440 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 440 25 reducing reduce VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 440 26 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 440 27 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 440 28 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 440 29 infection infection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 440 30 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 440 31 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 440 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 440 33 3 3 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 440 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 440 35 building build VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 440 36 supportive supportive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 440 37 environments environment NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 440 38 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 440 39 expanding expand VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 440 40 choices choice NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 440 41 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 2 strategies strategy NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 3 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 4 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 5 first first JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 6 category category NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 7 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 8 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 9 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 11 1 1 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 13 address address VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 14 poverty poverty NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 15 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 16 gender gender NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 17 inequality inequality NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 18 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 19 providing provide VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 20 alternatives alternative NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 21 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 22 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 23 work work NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 24 through through IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 25 micro micro JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 26 - - JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 27 finance finance NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 28 programs program NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 29 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 30 reforms reform NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 31 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 32 property property NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 33 rights right NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 34 ; ; , cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 36 2 2 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 38 address address VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 39 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 40 demand demand NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 41 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 42 paid pay VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 43 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 44 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 45 seeking seek VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 46 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 47 changes change NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 48 men man NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 49 's 's POS cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 50 behavior behavior NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 51 ; ; , cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 52 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 53 3 3 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 54 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 55 expand expand VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 56 access access NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 57 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 58 education education NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 59 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 60 girls girl NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 61 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 62 women woman NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 63 ; ; , cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 64 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 65 4 4 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 66 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 67 provide provide VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 68 alternative alternative JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 69 job job NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 70 opportunities opportunity NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 71 through through IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 72 employment employment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 73 growth growth NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 74 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 75 vocational vocational JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 76 training training NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 77 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 78 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 79 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 80 5 5 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 81 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 82 provide provide VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 83 employment employment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 84 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 85 education education NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 86 opportunities opportunity NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 87 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 88 access access NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 89 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 90 social social JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 91 services service NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 92 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 93 refugees refugee NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 94 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 95 internally internally RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 96 displaced displace VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 97 persons person NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 98 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 99 economic economic JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 100 migrants migrant NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 441 101 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 2 strategies strategy NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 3 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 4 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 5 second second JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 6 category category NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 7 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 8 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 9 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 11 1 1 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 13 involve involve VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 14 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 15 workers worker NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 16 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 17 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 18 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 19 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 20 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 21 programs program NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 22 ; ; , cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 24 2 2 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 26 make make VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 27 male male JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 28 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 29 female female JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 30 condoms condom NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 31 available available JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 32 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 33 free free JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 34 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 35 at at IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 36 low low JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 37 cost cost NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 38 ; ; , cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 40 3 3 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 42 increase increase VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 43 access access NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 44 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 45 antiretroviral antiretroviral JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 46 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 47 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 48 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 49 4 4 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 51 address address VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 52 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 53 specific specific JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 54 needs need NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 55 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 56 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 57 workers worker NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 58 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 59 sexual sexual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 60 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 61 reproductive reproductive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 62 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 63 programs program NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 64 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 65 taking take VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 66 into into IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 67 account account NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 68 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 69 different different JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 70 needs need NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 71 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 72 female female JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 73 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 74 male male JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 75 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 76 transgender transgender NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 77 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 78 workers worker NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 79 ; ; , cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 80 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 81 5 5 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 82 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 83 make make VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 84 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 85 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 86 information information NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 87 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 88 condoms condom NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 89 readily readily RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 90 available available JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 91 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 92 clients client NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 93 ; ; , cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 94 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 95 6 6 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 96 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 97 seek seek VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 98 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 99 eliminate eliminate VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 100 violence violence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 101 against against IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 102 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 103 workers worker NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 104 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 105 clients client NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 106 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 107 managers manager NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 108 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 109 police police NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 110 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 111 other other JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 112 government government NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 113 officials official NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 114 ; ; , cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 115 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 116 7 7 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 117 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 118 seek seek VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 119 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 120 change change VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 121 attitudes attitude NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 122 towards towards IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 123 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 124 workers worker NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 125 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 126 reduce reduce VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 127 stigma stigma NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 128 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 129 discrimination discrimination NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 130 ; ; , cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 131 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 132 8) 8) NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 133 promote promote VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 134 initiatives initiative NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 135 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 136 enable enable VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 137 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 138 workers worker NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 139 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 140 negotiate negotiate VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 141 safe safe JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 142 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 143 practices practice NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 144 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 145 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 146 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 147 9 9 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 148 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 149 promote promote VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 150 access access NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 151 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 152 drug drug NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 153 addiction addiction NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 154 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 155 programs program NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 156 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 157 harm harm NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 158 reduction reduction NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 159 programs program NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 160 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 161 such such JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 162 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 163 needle needle NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 164 exchange exchange NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 442 165 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 2 strategies strategy NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 3 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 4 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 5 third third JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 6 category category NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 7 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 8 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 9 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 11 1 1 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 13 address address VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 14 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 15 work work NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 16 stigma stigma NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 17 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 18 discrimination discrimination NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 19 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 20 reduce reduce VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 21 economic economic JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 22 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 23 cultural cultural JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 24 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 25 social social JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 26 marginalization marginalization NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 27 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 28 families family NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 29 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 30 communities community NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 31 ; ; , cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 33 2 2 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 35 improve improve VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 36 access access NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 37 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 38 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 39 care care NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 40 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 41 education education NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 42 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 43 training training NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 44 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 45 microfinance microfinance NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 46 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 47 credit credit NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 48 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 49 social social JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 50 services service NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 51 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 52 housing housing NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 53 support support NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 54 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 55 legal legal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 56 services service NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 57 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 58 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 59 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 60 3 3 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 61 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 62 promote promote VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 63 community community NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 64 organizations organization NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 65 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 66 work work VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 67 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 68 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 69 workers worker NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 443 70 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 2 UNAIDS UNAIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 3 Guidance Guidance NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 4 Note Note NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 5 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 6 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 7 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 8 Sex Sex NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 9 Work Work NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 10 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 11 been be VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 12 criticized criticize VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 13 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 14 emphasizing emphasize VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 15 alternative alternative JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 16 livelihoods livelihood NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 17 without without IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 18 offering offer VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 19 concrete concrete JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 20 examples example NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 21 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 22 rather rather RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 23 than than IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 24 emphasizing emphasize VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 25 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 26 right right NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 27 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 28 engage engage VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 29 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 30 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 31 work work NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 32 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 33 workplace workplace NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 34 safety safety NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 35 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 36 national national JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 37 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 38 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 39 undermine undermine VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 40 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 41 workers worker NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 42 ' ' POS cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 43 rights right NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 44 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 45 particularly particularly RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 46 criminal criminal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 47 prohibition prohibition NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 48 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 49 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 50 work work NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 51 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 52 related related JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 53 activities activity NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 444 54 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 445 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 445 2 Guidance Guidance NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 445 3 Note Note NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 445 4 's 's POS cord-017675-in9r33ww 445 5 strategy strategy NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 445 6 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 445 7 reducing reduce VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 445 8 demand demand NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 445 9 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 445 10 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 445 11 work work NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 445 12 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 445 13 been be VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 445 14 criticized criticize VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 445 15 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 445 16 implicitly implicitly RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 445 17 supporting support VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 445 18 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 445 19 criminalization criminalization NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 445 20 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 445 21 repression repression NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 445 22 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 445 23 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 445 24 work work NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 445 25 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 445 26 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 445 27 can can MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 445 28 increase increase VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 445 29 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 445 30 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 445 31 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 445 32 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 445 33 infection infection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 445 34 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 445 35 driving drive VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 445 36 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 445 37 work work NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 445 38 underground underground RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 445 39 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 445 40 limit limit VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 445 41 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 445 42 workers worker NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 445 43 ' ' POS cord-017675-in9r33ww 445 44 choices choice NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 445 45 regarding regard VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 445 46 working work VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 445 47 conditions condition NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 445 48 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 445 49 clients client NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 445 50 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 445 51 increase increase VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 445 52 stigmatization stigmatization NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 445 53 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 446 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 446 2 Guidance Guidance NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 446 3 Note Note NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 446 4 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 446 5 further further RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 446 6 criticized criticize VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 446 7 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 446 8 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 446 9 advocating advocate VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 446 10 enhanced enhanced JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 446 11 human human JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 446 12 rights right NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 446 13 protection protection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 446 14 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 446 15 those those DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 446 16 engaged engage VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 446 17 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 446 18 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 446 19 work work NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 446 20 -as -as ADD cord-017675-in9r33ww 447 1 women woman NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 447 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 447 3 men man NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 447 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 447 5 transgender transgender NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 447 6 persons person NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 447 7 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 447 8 workers worker NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 447 9 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 448 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 448 2 process process NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 448 3 used use VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 448 4 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 448 5 preparing prepare VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 448 6 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 448 7 document document NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 448 8 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 448 9 criticized criticize VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 448 10 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 448 11 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 448 12 meaningfully meaningfully RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 448 13 engaging engage VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 448 14 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 448 15 workers worker NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 448 16 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 449 1 UNAIDS UNAIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 449 2 ' ' POS cord-017675-in9r33ww 449 3 response response NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 449 4 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 449 5 criticism criticism NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 449 6 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 449 7 this this DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 449 8 document document NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 449 9 -to -to : cord-017675-in9r33ww 449 10 withdraw withdraw VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 449 11 it -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 449 12 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 449 13 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 449 14 public public JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 449 15 document document NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 449 16 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 449 17 restrict restrict VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 449 18 it -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 449 19 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 449 20 internal internal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 449 21 use use NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 449 22 -was -was : cord-017675-in9r33ww 449 23 also also RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 449 24 criticized criticize VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 449 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 449 26 Canadian canadian JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 449 27 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 449 28 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 449 29 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 449 30 Legal Legal NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 449 31 Network Network NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 449 32 2007b 2007b CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 449 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 2 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 3 Nations Nations NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 4 International International NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 5 Guidelines Guidelines NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 6 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 7 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 8 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 9 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 10 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 11 Human Human NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 12 Rights Rights NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 13 recommend recommend VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 14 that that DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 15 criminal criminal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 16 law law NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 17 prohibiting prohibit VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 18 sexual sexual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 19 acts act NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 21 including include VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 22 adultery adultery NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 23 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 24 sodomy sodomy NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 25 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 26 fornication fornication NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 27 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 28 commercial commercial JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 29 sexual sexual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 30 encounters encounter NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 32 between between IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 33 consenting consent VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 34 adults adult NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 35 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 36 private private JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 37 should should MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 38 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 39 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 40 allowed allow VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 41 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 42 impede impede VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 43 provision provision NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 44 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 45 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 46 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 47 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 48 care care NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 49 services service NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 50 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 51 should should MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 52 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 53 repealed repeal VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 450 54 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 451 1 With with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 451 2 regard regard NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 451 3 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 451 4 adult adult NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 451 5 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 451 6 work work NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 451 7 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 451 8 involves involve VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 451 9 no no DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 451 10 victimization victimization NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 451 11 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 451 12 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 451 13 International International NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 451 14 Guidelines Guidelines NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 451 15 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 451 16 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 451 17 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 451 18 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 451 19 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 451 20 Human Human NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 451 21 Rights Rights NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 451 22 recommend recommend VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 451 23 de de NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 451 24 - - JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 451 25 criminalizing criminalizing NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 451 26 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 451 27 legally legally RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 451 28 regulating regulate VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 451 29 occupational occupational JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 451 30 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 451 31 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 451 32 safety safety NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 451 33 conditions condition NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 451 34 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 451 35 protect protect VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 451 36 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 451 37 workers worker NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 451 38 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 451 39 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 451 40 clients client NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 451 41 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 451 42 including include VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 451 43 support support NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 451 44 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 451 45 safe safe JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 451 46 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 451 47 during during IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 451 48 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 451 49 work work NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 451 50 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 1 More more RBR cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 2 generally generally RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 3 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 4 criminal criminal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 5 law law NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 6 should should MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 7 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 8 impede impede VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 9 provision provision NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 10 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 11 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 12 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 13 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 14 care care NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 15 services service NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 16 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 17 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 18 workers worker NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 19 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 20 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 21 clients client NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 22 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 23 should should MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 24 ensure ensure VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 25 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 26 children child NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 27 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 28 adult adult NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 29 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 30 workers worker NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 31 who who WP cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 32 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 33 been be VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 34 coerced coerce VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 35 into into IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 36 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 37 work work NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 38 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 39 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 40 prosecuted prosecute VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 41 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 42 such such JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 43 participation participation NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 44 but but CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 45 rather rather RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 46 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 47 removed remove VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 48 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 49 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 50 work work NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 51 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 52 provided provide VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 53 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 54 medical medical JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 55 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 56 psycho psycho JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 57 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 58 social social JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 59 support support NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 60 services service NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 61 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 62 including include VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 63 those those DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 64 related relate VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 65 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 66 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 67 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 68 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 69 Nations Nations NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 70 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 71 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 452 72 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 453 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 453 2 Eastern Eastern NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 453 3 Europe Europe NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 453 4 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 453 5 Central Central NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 453 6 Asia Asia NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 453 7 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 453 8 UNAIDS UNAIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 453 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 453 10 2006 2006 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 453 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 453 12 estimates estimate VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 454 1 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 454 2 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 454 3 use use NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 454 4 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 454 5 contaminated contaminated JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 454 6 injection injection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 454 7 equipment equipment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 454 8 accounts account VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 454 9 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 454 10 more more JJR cord-017675-in9r33ww 454 11 than than IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 454 12 80 80 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 454 13 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 454 14 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 454 15 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 454 16 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 454 17 AID aid NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 454 18 cases case NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 454 19 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 454 20 accounts account VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 454 21 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 454 22 about about RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 454 23 30 30 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 454 24 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 454 25 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 454 26 new new JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 454 27 infections infection NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 454 28 outside outside IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 454 29 sub sub JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 454 30 - - JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 454 31 Saharan saharan JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 454 32 Africa Africa NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 454 33 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 455 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 455 2 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 455 3 Nations Nations NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 455 4 International International NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 455 5 Guidelines Guidelines NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 455 6 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 455 7 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 455 8 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 455 9 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 455 10 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 455 11 Human Human NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 455 12 Rights Rights NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 455 13 recommend recommend VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 455 14 that that DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 455 15 criminal criminal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 455 16 law law NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 455 17 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 455 18 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 455 19 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 455 20 impediment impediment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 455 21 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 455 22 measures measure NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 455 23 taken take VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 455 24 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 455 25 States state NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 455 26 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 455 27 reduce reduce VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 455 28 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 455 29 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 455 30 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 455 31 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 455 32 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 455 33 among among IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 455 34 injecting inject VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 455 35 drug drug NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 455 36 users user NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 455 37 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 455 38 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 455 39 provide provide VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 455 40 them -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 455 41 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 455 42 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 455 43 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 455 44 related relate VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 455 45 care care NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 455 46 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 455 47 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 455 48 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 456 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 456 2 further further RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 456 3 recommend recommend VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 456 4 that that DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 456 5 criminal criminal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 456 6 law law NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 456 7 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 456 8 reviewed review VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 456 9 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 456 10 consider consider VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 456 11 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 456 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 456 13 1 1 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 456 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 456 15 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 456 16 authorization authorization NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 456 17 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 456 18 legalization legalization NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 456 19 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 456 20 promotion promotion NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 456 21 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 456 22 needle needle NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 456 23 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 456 24 syringe syringe NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 456 25 exchange exchange NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 456 26 programs program NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 456 27 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 456 28 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 456 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 456 30 2 2 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 456 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 456 32 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 456 33 repeal repeal NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 456 34 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 456 35 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 456 36 criminalizing criminalize VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 456 37 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 456 38 possession possession NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 456 39 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 456 40 distribution distribution NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 456 41 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 456 42 dispensing dispensing NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 456 43 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 456 44 needles needle NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 456 45 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 456 46 syringes syrinx NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 456 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 456 48 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 456 49 Nations Nations NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 456 50 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 456 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 456 52 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 457 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 457 2 Saint Saint NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 457 3 Petersburg Petersburg NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 457 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 457 5 Russia Russia NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 457 6 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 457 7 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 457 8 2002 2002 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 457 9 study study NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 457 10 found find VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 457 11 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 457 12 48 48 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 457 13 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 457 14 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 457 15 injection injection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 457 16 drug drug NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 457 17 users user NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 457 18 had have VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 457 19 shared share VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 457 20 needles needle NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 457 21 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 457 22 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 457 23 30 30 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 457 24 days day NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 457 25 prior prior RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 457 26 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 457 27 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 457 28 first first JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 457 29 use use NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 457 30 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 457 31 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 457 32 needle needle NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 457 33 exchange exchange NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 457 34 program program NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 457 35 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 458 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 458 2 early early JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 458 3 2004 2004 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 458 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 458 5 there there EX cord-017675-in9r33ww 458 6 were be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 458 7 four four CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 458 8 syringe syringe NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 458 9 exchange exchange NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 458 10 facilities facility NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 458 11 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 458 12 Saint Saint NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 458 13 Petersburg Petersburg NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 458 14 -one -one NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 458 15 mobile mobile NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 458 16 service service NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 458 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 458 18 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 458 19 bus bus NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 458 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 458 21 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 458 22 three three CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 458 23 fixed fix VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 458 24 facilities facility NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 458 25 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 459 1 However however RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 459 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 459 3 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 459 4 most most RBS cord-017675-in9r33ww 459 5 important important JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 459 6 source source NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 459 7 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 459 8 sterile sterile JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 459 9 syringes syrinx NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 459 10 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 459 11 injection injection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 459 12 drug drug NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 459 13 users user NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 459 14 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 459 15 drug drug NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 459 16 stores store NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 459 17 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 1 Human Human NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 2 Rights Rights NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 3 Watch Watch NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 4 found find VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 5 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 6 state state NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 7 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 8 supported support VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 9 impediments impediment NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 10 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 11 access access VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 12 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 13 both both DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 14 needle needle NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 15 exchange exchange NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 16 points point NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 17 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 18 drug drug NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 19 stores store NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 20 were be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 21 important important JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 22 barriers barrier NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 23 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 24 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 25 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 26 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 27 including include VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 28 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 30 1 1 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 32 police police NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 33 patrols patrol NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 34 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 35 drug drug NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 36 stores store NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 37 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 38 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 39 deterred deter VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 40 injection injection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 41 drug drug NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 42 users user NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 43 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 44 purchasing purchase VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 45 syringes syrinx NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 46 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 48 2 2 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 50 police police NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 51 patrols patrol NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 52 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 53 needle needle NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 54 exchange exchange NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 55 bus bus NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 56 stops stop NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 57 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 58 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 59 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 60 3 3 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 61 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 62 arrests arrest NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 63 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 64 fines fine NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 65 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 66 bribes bribe NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 67 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 68 possession possession NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 69 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 70 syringes syrinx NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 71 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 72 even even RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 73 though though IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 74 carrying carry VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 75 syringes syrinx NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 76 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 77 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 78 illegal illegal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 79 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 80 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 81 Russian Russian NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 82 Federation Federation NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 460 83 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 461 1 However however RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 461 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 461 3 while while IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 461 4 police police NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 461 5 interference interference NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 461 6 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 461 7 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 461 8 syringe syringe NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 461 9 exchange exchange NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 461 10 bus bus NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 461 11 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 461 12 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 461 13 problem problem NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 461 14 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 461 15 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 461 16 late late JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 461 17 1990s 1990 NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 461 18 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 461 19 it -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 461 20 lessened lessen VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 461 21 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 461 22 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 461 23 early early JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 461 24 2000s 2000 NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 461 25 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 1 Humanitarian Humanitarian NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 2 Action Action NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 3 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 4 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 5 NGO NGO NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 6 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 7 delivers deliver VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 8 syringe syringe NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 9 exchange exchange NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 10 services service NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 11 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 12 Saint Saint NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 13 Petersburg Petersburg NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 14 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 15 visited visit VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 16 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 17 police police NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 18 chiefs chief NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 19 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 20 talk talk VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 21 about about IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 22 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 23 importance importance NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 24 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 25 syringe syringe NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 26 exchange exchange NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 27 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 28 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 29 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 30 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 31 organized organize VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 32 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 33 training training NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 34 session session NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 35 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 36 2003 2003 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 37 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 38 police police NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 39 officers officer NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 40 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 41 included include VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 42 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 43 participation participation NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 44 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 45 former former JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 46 drug drug NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 47 users user NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 48 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 49 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 50 living live VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 51 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 52 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 53 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 54 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 462 55 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 463 1 However however RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 463 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 463 3 due due IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 463 4 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 463 5 past past JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 463 6 incidents incident NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 463 7 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 463 8 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 463 9 fear fear NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 463 10 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 463 11 apprehension apprehension NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 463 12 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 463 13 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 463 14 police police NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 463 15 kept keep VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 463 16 some some DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 463 17 drug drug NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 463 18 users user NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 463 19 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 463 20 using use VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 463 21 fixed fix VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 463 22 as as RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 463 23 well well RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 463 24 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 463 25 mobile mobile JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 463 26 syringe syringe NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 463 27 exchange exchange NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 463 28 facilities facility NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 463 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 463 30 Human Human NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 463 31 Rights Rights NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 463 32 Watch Watch NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 463 33 2004 2004 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 463 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 463 35 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 464 1 Table table NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 464 2 9 9 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 464 3 .7 .7 NFP cord-017675-in9r33ww 464 4 shows show VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 464 5 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 464 6 dramatic dramatic JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 464 7 increase increase NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 464 8 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 464 9 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 464 10 prevalence prevalence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 464 11 among among IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 464 12 injection injection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 464 13 drug drug NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 464 14 users user NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 464 15 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 464 16 Saint Saint NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 464 17 Petersburg Petersburg NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 464 18 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 464 19 1998 1998 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 464 20 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 464 21 2001 2001 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 464 22 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 1 A a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 2 2005 2005 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 3 survey survey NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 4 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 5 500 500 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 6 injection injection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 7 drug drug NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 8 users user NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 10 IDUs IDUs NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 12 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 13 New New NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 14 York York NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 15 City City NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 16 found find VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 17 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 18 65 65 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 19 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 20 had have VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 21 obtained obtain VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 22 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 23 syringe syringe NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 24 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 25 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 26 exchange exchange NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 27 program program NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 28 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 29 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 30 previous previous JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 31 year year NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 32 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 33 49 49 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 34 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 35 at at IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 36 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 37 pharmacy pharmacy NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 38 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 39 10 10 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 40 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 41 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 42 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 43 medical medical JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 44 provider provider NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 45 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 46 53 53 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 47 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 48 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 49 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 50 friend friend NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 51 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 52 sexual sexual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 53 partner partner NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 54 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 55 25 25 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 56 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 57 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 58 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 59 drug drug NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 60 dealer dealer NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 465 61 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 466 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 466 2 self self NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 466 3 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 466 4 reported report VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 466 5 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 466 6 prevalence prevalence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 466 7 rate rate NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 466 8 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 466 9 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 466 10 group group NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 466 11 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 466 12 21 21 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 466 13 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 466 14 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 467 1 IDUs IDUs NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 467 2 who who WP cord-017675-in9r33ww 467 3 obtained obtain VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 467 4 syringes syrinx NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 467 5 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 467 6 sterile sterile JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 467 7 sources source NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 467 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 467 9 exchange exchange NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 467 10 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 467 11 pharmacy pharmacy NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 467 12 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 467 13 provider provider NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 467 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 467 15 were be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 467 16 less less RBR cord-017675-in9r33ww 467 17 likely likely JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 467 18 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 467 19 share share VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 467 20 syringes syrinx NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 467 21 than than IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 467 22 those those DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 467 23 who who WP cord-017675-in9r33ww 467 24 obtained obtain VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 467 25 them -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 467 26 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 467 27 non non JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 467 28 - - JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 467 29 sterile sterile JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 467 30 sources source NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 467 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 467 32 friends friend NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 467 33 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 467 34 relatives relative NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 467 35 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 467 36 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 467 37 street street NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 467 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 467 39 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 468 1 Those those DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 468 2 who who WP cord-017675-in9r33ww 468 3 obtained obtain VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 468 4 syringes syrinx NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 468 5 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 468 6 exchange exchange NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 468 7 programs program NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 468 8 were be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 468 9 significantly significantly RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 468 10 less less RBR cord-017675-in9r33ww 468 11 likely likely JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 468 12 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 468 13 share share VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 468 14 syringes syrinx NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 468 15 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 469 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 469 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 469 3 19 19 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 469 4 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 469 5 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 469 6 IDUs idu NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 469 7 had have VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 469 8 shared share VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 469 9 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 469 10 syringe syringe NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 469 11 at at IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 469 12 least least JJS cord-017675-in9r33ww 469 13 once once RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 469 14 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 469 15 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 469 16 previous previous JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 469 17 12 12 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 469 18 months month NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 469 19 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 469 20 53 53 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 469 21 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 469 22 had have VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 469 23 engaged engage VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 469 24 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 469 25 unprotected unprotected JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 469 26 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 469 27 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 470 1 IDUs IDUs NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 470 2 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 470 3 had have VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 470 4 shared share VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 470 5 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 470 6 syringe syringe NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 470 7 were be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 470 8 2.5 2.5 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 470 9 times time NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 470 10 more more RBR cord-017675-in9r33ww 470 11 likely likely JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 470 12 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 470 13 engage engage VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 470 14 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 470 15 unprotected unprotected JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 470 16 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 470 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 470 18 NYC NYC NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 470 19 Health Health NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 470 20 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 470 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 470 22 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 471 1 Another another DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 471 2 category category NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 471 3 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 471 4 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 471 5 discriminates discriminate VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 471 6 directly directly RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 471 7 against against IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 471 8 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 471 9 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 471 10 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 471 11 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 471 12 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 471 13 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 471 14 such such JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 471 15 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 471 16 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 471 17 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 471 18 criminalize criminalize VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 471 19 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 471 20 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 471 21 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 471 22 travel travel NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 471 23 restrictions restriction NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 471 24 based base VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 471 25 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 471 26 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 471 27 status status NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 471 28 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 472 1 There there EX cord-017675-in9r33ww 472 2 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 472 3 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 472 4 concern concern NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 472 5 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 472 6 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 472 7 criminalization criminalization NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 472 8 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 472 9 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 472 10 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 472 11 will will MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 472 12 discourage discourage VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 472 13 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 472 14 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 472 15 seeking seek VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 472 16 testing testing NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 472 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 472 18 Tarantola Tarantola NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 472 19 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 472 20 Gruskin Gruskin NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 472 21 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 472 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 472 23 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 473 1 There there EX cord-017675-in9r33ww 473 2 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 473 3 evidence evidence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 473 4 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 473 5 knowledge knowledge NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 473 6 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 473 7 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 473 8 status status NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 473 9 results result NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 473 10 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 473 11 behavioral behavioral JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 473 12 changes change NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 473 13 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 473 14 reduce reduce VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 473 15 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 473 16 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 474 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 474 2 addition addition NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 474 3 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 474 4 where where WRB cord-017675-in9r33ww 474 5 knowledge knowledge NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 474 6 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 474 7 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 474 8 status status NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 474 9 leads lead VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 474 10 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 474 11 antiretroviral antiretroviral JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 474 12 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 474 13 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 474 14 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 474 15 also also RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 474 16 reduces reduce VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 474 17 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 474 18 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 474 19 reducing reduce VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 474 20 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 474 21 amount amount NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 474 22 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 474 23 virus virus NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 474 24 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 474 25 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 474 26 body body NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 474 27 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 475 1 Thus thus RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 475 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 475 3 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 475 4 criminalization criminalization NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 475 5 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 475 6 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 475 7 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 475 8 may may MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 475 9 have have VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 475 10 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 475 11 effect effect NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 475 12 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 475 13 increasing increase VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 475 14 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 475 15 rather rather RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 475 16 than than IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 475 17 reducing reduce VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 475 18 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 475 19 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 475 20 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 475 21 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 476 1 One one CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 476 2 possible possible JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 476 3 response response NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 476 4 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 476 5 mandatory mandatory JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 476 6 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 476 7 testing testing NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 476 8 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 476 9 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 476 10 care care NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 476 11 settings setting NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 476 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 476 13 that that RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 476 14 is is RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 476 15 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 476 16 testing test VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 476 17 without without IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 476 18 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 476 19 informed informed JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 476 20 consent consent NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 476 21 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 476 22 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 476 23 patient patient NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 476 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 476 25 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 477 1 However however RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 477 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 477 3 this this DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 477 4 policy policy NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 477 5 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 477 6 too too RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 477 7 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 477 8 may may MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 477 9 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 477 10 self self NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 477 11 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 477 12 defeating defeat VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 1 if if IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 2 it -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 3 discourages discourage VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 4 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 5 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 6 Nations Nations NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 7 International International NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 8 Guidelines Guidelines NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 9 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 10 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 11 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 12 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 13 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 14 Human Human NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 15 Rights Rights NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 16 recommendation recommendation NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 17 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 18 public public JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 19 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 20 legislation legislation NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 21 ensure ensure VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 22 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 23 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 24 testing testing NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 25 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 26 individuals individual NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 27 should should MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 28 Several several JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 29 studies study NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 30 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 31 concluded conclude VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 32 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 33 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 34 criminalization criminalization NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 35 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 36 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 37 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 38 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 39 unlikely unlikely JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 40 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 41 serve serve VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 42 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 43 goals goal NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 44 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 45 public public JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 46 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 47 policy policy NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 48 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 49 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 50 goals goal NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 51 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 52 criminal criminal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 53 law law NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 54 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 55 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 56 ommended ommende VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 57 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 58 governments government NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 59 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 60 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 61 judiciary judiciary NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 62 take take VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 63 into into IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 64 account account NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 65 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 66 following follow VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 67 principles principle NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 68 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 69 determining determine VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 70 policy policy NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 71 regarding regard VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 72 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 73 use use NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 74 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 75 criminal criminal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 76 sanctions sanction NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 77 under under IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 78 modes mode NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 79 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 80 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 81 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 82 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 83 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 84 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 85 rationally rationally RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 86 determine determine VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 87 when when WRB cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 88 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 89 if if IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 90 conduct conduct NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 91 should should MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 92 attract attract VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 93 criminal criminal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 94 liability liability NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 95 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 96 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 97 2 2 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 98 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 99 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 100 primary primary JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 101 objective objective NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 102 should should MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 103 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 104 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 105 prevent prevent VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 106 public public JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 107 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 108 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 109 conform conform VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 110 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 111 international international JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 112 human human JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 113 rights right NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 114 norms norm NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 115 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 116 particularly particularly RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 117 nondiscrimination nondiscrimination NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 118 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 119 due due JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 120 process process NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 121 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 122 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 123 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 124 4 4 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 125 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 126 policy policy NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 127 makers maker NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 128 should should MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 129 assess assess VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 130 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 131 impact impact NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 132 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 133 law law NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 134 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 135 policy policy NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 136 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 137 human human JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 138 rights right NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 139 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 140 prefer prefer VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 141 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 142 least least JJS cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 143 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 144 intrusive intrusive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 145 measures measure NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 146 possible possible JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 147 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 148 achieve achieve VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 149 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 150 demonstrably demonstrably RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 151 justified justified JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 152 objective objective NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 153 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 154 preventing prevent VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 155 disease disease NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 156 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 478 157 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 1 With with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 2 respect respect NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 3 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 4 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 5 four four CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 6 functions function NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 7 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 8 criminal criminal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 9 law law NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 11 harm harm NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 12 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 13 through through IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 14 response response NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 15 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 16 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 17 epidemic epidemic NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 18 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 20 1 1 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 22 imprisoning imprison VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 23 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 24 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 25 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 26 positive positive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 27 individual individual NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 28 does do VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 29 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 30 prevent prevent VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 31 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 32 through through IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 33 conjugal conjugal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 34 visits visit NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 35 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 36 high high JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 37 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 38 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 39 behavior behavior NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 40 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 41 other other JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 42 prisoners prisoner NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 43 ; ; , cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 45 2 2 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 47 criminal criminal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 48 penalties penalty NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 49 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 50 unlikely unlikely JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 51 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 52 change change VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 53 sexual sexual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 54 activity activity NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 55 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 56 drug drug NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 57 use use NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 58 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 59 due due IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 60 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 61 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 62 complexity complexity NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 63 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 64 these these DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 65 human human JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 66 behaviors behavior NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 67 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 68 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 69 3 3 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 70 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 71 punishment punishment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 72 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 73 retribution retribution NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 74 do do VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 75 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 76 achieve achieve VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 77 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 78 goal goal NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 79 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 80 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 81 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 82 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 83 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 84 reinforcing reinforce VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 85 prejudice prejudice NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 86 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 87 discrimination discrimination NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 88 against against IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 89 already already RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 90 stigmatized stigmatize VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 91 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 92 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 93 positive positive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 94 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 95 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 96 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 97 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 98 4 4 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 99 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 100 criminal criminal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 101 sanctions sanction NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 102 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 103 unlikely unlikely JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 104 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 105 act act VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 106 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 107 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 108 deterrent deterrent NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 109 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 110 given give VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 111 that that DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 112 drug drug NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 113 use use NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 114 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 115 sexual sexual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 116 activity activity NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 117 persist persist VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 118 even even RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 119 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 120 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 121 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 122 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 123 criminal criminal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 124 prosecution prosecution NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 125 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 126 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 127 more more RBR cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 128 likely likely JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 129 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 130 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 131 driven drive VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 132 underground underground RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 133 when when WRB cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 134 prosecuted prosecute VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 135 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 136 hindering hinder VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 137 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 138 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 479 139 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 480 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 480 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 480 3 overly overly RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 480 4 broad broad JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 480 5 use use NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 480 6 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 480 7 criminal criminal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 480 8 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 480 9 risks risk NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 480 10 spreading spread VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 480 11 misinformation misinformation NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 480 12 regarding regard VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 480 13 how how WRB cord-017675-in9r33ww 480 14 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 480 15 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 480 16 transmitted transmit VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 480 17 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 481 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 481 2 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 481 3 empirical empirical JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 481 4 study study NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 481 5 conducted conduct VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 481 6 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 481 7 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 481 8 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 481 9 States States NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 481 10 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 481 11 Burris Burris NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 481 12 et et NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 481 13 al al NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 481 14 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 482 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 482 2 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 482 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 482 4 found find VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 482 5 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 482 6 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 482 7 prohibiting prohibit VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 482 8 unsafe unsafe JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 482 9 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 482 10 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 482 11 requiring require VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 482 12 disclosure disclosure NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 482 13 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 482 14 infection infection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 482 15 do do VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 482 16 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 482 17 influence influence VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 482 18 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 482 19 's 's POS cord-017675-in9r33ww 482 20 normative normative JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 482 21 beliefs belief NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 482 22 about about IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 482 23 risky risky JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 482 24 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 482 25 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 482 26 did do VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 482 27 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 482 28 significantly significantly RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 482 29 influence influence VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 482 30 sexual sexual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 482 31 behavior behavior NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 482 32 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 2 study study NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 3 concluded conclude VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 4 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 5 criminal criminal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 6 law law NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 7 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 8 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 9 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 10 clearly clearly RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 11 useful useful JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 12 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 13 - - : cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 14 Moreover moreover RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 15 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 16 given give VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 17 concerns concern NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 18 about about IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 19 possible possible JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 20 negative negative JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 21 effects effect NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 22 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 23 criminal criminal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 24 law law NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 25 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 26 such such JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 27 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 28 stigmatization stigmatization NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 29 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 30 reluctance reluctance NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 31 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 32 cooperate cooperate VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 33 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 34 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 35 authorities authority NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 36 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 37 criminal criminal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 38 law law NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 39 should should MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 40 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 41 used use VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 42 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 43 caution caution NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 44 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 45 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 46 behavioral behavioral JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 47 change change NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 48 mechanism mechanism NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 49 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 50 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 51 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 52 positive positive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 53 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 483 54 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 484 1 seeking seek VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 484 2 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 484 3 care care NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 484 4 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 485 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 485 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 485 3 mandatory mandatory JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 485 4 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 485 5 testing testing NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 485 6 runs run VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 485 7 counter counter RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 485 8 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 485 9 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 485 10 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 485 11 thus thus RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 485 12 may may MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 485 13 do do VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 485 14 more more JJR cord-017675-in9r33ww 485 15 harm harm NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 485 16 than than IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 485 17 good good JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 485 18 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 486 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 486 2 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 486 3 UNAIDS UNAIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 486 4 policy policy NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 486 5 paper paper NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 486 6 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 486 7 Elliot Elliot NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 486 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 486 9 2002 2002 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 486 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 486 11 bution bution NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 486 12 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 486 13 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 486 14 deterrence deterrence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 486 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 486 16 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 486 17 Elliot Elliot NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 486 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 486 19 2002 2002 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 486 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 486 21 concluded conclude VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 486 22 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 486 23 criminal criminal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 486 24 law law NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 486 25 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 486 26 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 486 27 ineffective ineffective JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 486 28 imprisonment imprisonment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 486 29 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 486 30 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 486 31 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 486 32 future future JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 486 33 harm harm NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 486 34 through through IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 486 35 rehabilitation rehabilitation NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 486 36 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 486 37 punishment punishment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 486 38 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 486 39 retri retri JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 486 40 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 486 41 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 486 42 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 486 43 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 486 44 common common JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 486 45 law law NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 486 46 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 486 47 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 487 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 487 2 some some DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 487 3 cases case NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 487 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 487 5 courts court NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 487 6 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 487 7 applied apply VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 487 8 existing exist VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 487 9 criminal criminal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 487 10 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 487 11 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 487 12 cases case NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 487 13 involving involve VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 487 14 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 487 15 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 487 16 where where WRB cord-017675-in9r33ww 487 17 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 487 18 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 487 19 themselves -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 487 20 do do VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 487 21 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 487 22 refer refer VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 487 23 specifically specifically RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 487 24 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 487 25 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 487 26 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 488 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 488 2 this this DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 488 3 context context NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 488 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 488 5 law law NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 488 6 reforms reform NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 488 7 could could MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 488 8 come come VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 488 9 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 488 10 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 488 11 legislature legislature NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 488 12 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 488 13 through through IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 488 14 amendments amendment NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 488 15 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 488 16 clarify clarify VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 488 17 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 488 18 application application NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 488 19 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 488 20 relevant relevant JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 488 21 criminal criminal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 488 22 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 488 23 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 488 24 cases case NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 488 25 involving involve VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 488 26 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 488 27 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 488 28 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 488 29 through through IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 488 30 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 488 31 evolution evolution NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 488 32 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 488 33 precedents precedent NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 488 34 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 488 35 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 488 36 courts court NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 488 37 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 2 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 3 Nations Nations NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 4 International International NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 5 Guidelines Guidelines NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 6 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 7 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 8 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 9 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 10 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 11 Human Human NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 12 Rights Rights NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 13 recommend recommend VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 14 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 15 reform reform NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 16 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 17 criminal criminal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 18 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 19 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 20 correctional correctional JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 21 systems system NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 22 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 23 ensure ensure VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 24 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 25 they -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 26 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 27 consistent consistent JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 28 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 29 international international JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 30 human human JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 31 rights right NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 32 obligations obligation NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 33 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 34 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 35 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 36 misused misuse VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 37 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 38 tization tization NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 39 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 40 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 41 judiciary judiciary NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 42 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 43 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 44 ways way NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 45 consistent consistent JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 46 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 47 judicial judicial JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 48 independence independence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 49 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 50 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 51 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 52 legal legal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 53 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 54 ethical ethical JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 55 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 56 human human JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 57 rights right NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 58 issues issue NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 59 relative relative JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 60 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 61 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 62 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 63 including include VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 64 through through IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 65 judicial judicial JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 66 education education NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 67 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 68 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 69 development development NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 70 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 71 judicial judicial JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 72 materials material NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 73 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 74 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 75 Nations Nations NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 76 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 77 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 489 78 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 490 1 Criminal criminal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 490 2 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 490 3 should should MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 490 4 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 490 5 include include VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 490 6 specific specific JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 490 7 offences offence NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 490 8 against against IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 490 9 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 490 10 intentional intentional JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 490 11 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 490 12 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 490 13 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 490 14 but but CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 490 15 rather rather RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 490 16 should should MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 490 17 apply apply VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 490 18 general general JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 490 19 criminal criminal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 490 20 offences offence NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 490 21 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 490 22 these these DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 490 23 exceptional exceptional JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 490 24 cases case NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 490 25 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 491 1 Such such JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 491 2 application application NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 491 3 should should MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 491 4 ensure ensure VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 491 5 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 491 6 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 491 7 elements element NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 491 8 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 491 9 foreseeability foreseeability NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 491 10 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 491 11 intent intent NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 491 12 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 491 13 causality causality NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 491 14 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 491 15 consent consent NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 491 16 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 491 17 clearly clearly RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 491 18 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 491 19 legally legally RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 491 20 established establish VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 491 21 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 491 22 support support VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 491 23 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 491 24 guilty guilty JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 491 25 verdict verdict NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 492 1 and/or and/or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 493 1 harsher harsh JJR cord-017675-in9r33ww 493 2 penalties penalty NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 493 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 493 4 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 493 5 Nations Nations NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 493 6 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 493 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 493 8 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 494 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 494 2 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 494 3 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 494 4 States States NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 494 5 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 494 6 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 494 7 series series NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 494 8 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 494 9 cases case NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 494 10 involving involve VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 494 11 spitting spitting NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 494 12 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 494 13 gone go VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 494 14 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 494 15 different different JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 494 16 directions direction NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 494 17 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 2 Ohio Ohio NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 3 v. v. CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 4 Bird Bird NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 6 1998 1998 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 8 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 9 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 10 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 11 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 12 positive positive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 13 man man NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 14 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 15 convicted convict VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 16 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 17 felonious felonious JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 18 assault assault NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 19 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 20 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 21 requires require VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 22 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 23 knowing know VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 24 attempt attempt NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 25 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 26 harm harm VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 27 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 28 use use NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 29 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 30 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 31 weapon weapon NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 32 capable capable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 33 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 34 inflicting inflict VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 35 death death NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 36 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 37 after after IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 38 spitting spit VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 39 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 40 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 41 police police NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 42 officer officer NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 43 's 's POS cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 44 face face NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 45 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 46 even even RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 47 though though IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 48 all all DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 49 medical medical JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 50 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 51 scientific scientific JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 52 evidence evidence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 53 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 54 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 55 saliva saliva NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 56 does do VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 57 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 58 transmit transmit VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 59 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 495 60 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 2 State State NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 3 v. v. NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 4 Jones Jones NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 6 2000 2000 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 8 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 9 another another DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 10 case case NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 11 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 12 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 13 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 14 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 15 positive positive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 16 individual individual NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 17 accused accuse VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 18 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 19 spitting spit VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 20 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 21 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 22 officer officer NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 23 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 24 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 25 New New NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 26 Mexico Mexico NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 27 court court NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 28 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 29 appeals appeal NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 30 ruled rule VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 31 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 32 criminal criminal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 33 liability liability NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 34 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 35 battery battery NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 36 could could MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 37 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 38 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 39 based base VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 40 upon upon IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 41 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 42 victims victim NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 43 ' ' POS cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 44 subjective subjective JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 45 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 46 unsubstantiated unsubstantiated JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 47 fears fear NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 48 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 49 they -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 50 could could MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 51 develop develop VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 52 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 53 disease disease NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 54 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 55 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 56 reversed reverse VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 57 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 58 lower low JJR cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 59 court court NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 60 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 61 this this DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 62 issue issue NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 496 63 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 497 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 497 2 Weeks Weeks NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 497 3 v. v. CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 497 4 State State NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 497 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 497 6 1992 1992 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 497 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 497 8 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 497 9 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 497 10 Texas Texas NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 497 11 Court Court NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 497 12 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 497 13 Appeal Appeal NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 497 14 sustained sustain VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 497 15 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 497 16 attempted attempt VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 497 17 murder murder NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 497 18 conviction conviction NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 497 19 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 497 20 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 497 21 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 497 22 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 497 23 positive positive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 497 24 inmate inmate NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 497 25 who who WP cord-017675-in9r33ww 497 26 spat spit VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 497 27 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 497 28 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 497 29 guard guard NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 497 30 's 's POS cord-017675-in9r33ww 497 31 face face NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 497 32 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 498 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 498 2 spitting spitting NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 498 3 cases case NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 498 4 show show VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 498 5 how how WRB cord-017675-in9r33ww 498 6 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 498 7 application application NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 498 8 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 498 9 criminal criminal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 498 10 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 498 11 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 498 12 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 498 13 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 498 14 positive positive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 498 15 individualswhen individualswhen NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 498 16 based base VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 498 17 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 498 18 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 498 19 status status NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 498 20 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 498 21 stigma stigma NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 498 22 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 498 23 discrimination discrimination NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 498 24 rather rather RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 498 25 than than IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 498 26 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 498 27 medical medical JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 498 28 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 498 29 scientific scientific JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 498 30 evidence evidence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 498 31 -can -can TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 498 32 undermine undermine VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 498 33 genuine genuine JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 498 34 efforts effort NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 498 35 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 498 36 reduce reduce VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 498 37 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 498 38 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 498 39 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 498 40 spreading spread VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 498 41 misinformation misinformation NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 498 42 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 498 43 increasing increase VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 498 44 stigma stigma NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 498 45 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 498 46 discrimination discrimination NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 498 47 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 499 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 499 2 cases case NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 499 3 involving involve VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 499 4 behavior behavior NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 499 5 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 499 6 does do VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 499 7 carry carry VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 499 8 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 499 9 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 499 10 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 499 11 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 499 12 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 499 13 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 499 14 such such JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 499 15 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 499 16 unprotected unprotected JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 499 17 sexual sexual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 499 18 intercourse intercourse NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 499 19 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 499 20 sharing share VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 499 21 drug drug NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 499 22 injection injection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 499 23 equipment equipment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 499 24 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 499 25 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 499 26 central central JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 499 27 issue issue NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 499 28 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 499 29 consent consent NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 499 30 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 500 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 500 2 R r NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 500 3 v. v. IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 500 4 Cuerrier Cuerrier NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 500 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 500 6 1998 1998 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 500 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 500 8 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 500 9 Supreme Supreme NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 500 10 Court Court NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 500 11 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 500 12 Canada Canada NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 500 13 established establish VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 500 14 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 500 15 there there EX cord-017675-in9r33ww 500 16 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 500 17 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 500 18 duty duty NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 500 19 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 500 20 disclose disclose VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 500 21 one one CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 500 22 's 's POS cord-017675-in9r33ww 500 23 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 500 24 status status NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 500 25 before before IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 500 26 engaging engage VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 500 27 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 500 28 any any DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 500 29 activity activity NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 500 30 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 500 31 poses pose VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 500 32 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 500 33 " " `` cord-017675-in9r33ww 500 34 significant significant JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 500 35 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 500 36 " " '' cord-017675-in9r33ww 500 37 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 500 38 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 500 39 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 500 40 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 501 1 Failure failure NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 501 2 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 501 3 do do VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 501 4 so so RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 501 5 legally legally RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 501 6 invalidates invalidate VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 501 7 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 501 8 sexual sexual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 501 9 partner partner NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 501 10 's 's POS cord-017675-in9r33ww 501 11 consent consent NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 501 12 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 501 13 sexual sexual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 501 14 intercourse intercourse NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 501 15 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 502 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 502 2 lack lack NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 502 3 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 502 4 consent consent NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 502 5 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 502 6 have have VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 502 7 intercourse intercourse NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 502 8 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 502 9 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 502 10 partner partner NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 502 11 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 502 12 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 502 13 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 502 14 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 502 15 positive positive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 502 16 converts convert VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 502 17 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 502 18 sexual sexual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 502 19 intercourse intercourse NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 502 20 into into IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 502 21 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 502 22 criminal criminal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 502 23 assault assault NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 502 24 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 503 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 503 2 that that DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 503 3 case case NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 503 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 503 5 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 503 6 complainants complainant NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 503 7 did do VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 503 8 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 503 9 become become VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 503 10 infected infect VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 503 11 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 503 12 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 503 13 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 503 14 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 503 15 result result NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 503 16 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 503 17 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 503 18 unprotected unprotected JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 503 19 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 503 20 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 504 1 However however RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 504 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 504 3 if if IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 504 4 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 504 5 complainants complainant NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 504 6 believe believe VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 504 7 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 504 8 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 504 9 partner partner NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 504 10 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 504 11 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 504 12 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 504 13 free free JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 504 14 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 504 15 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 504 16 accused accuse VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 504 17 puts put VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 504 18 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 504 19 complainants complainant NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 504 20 at at IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 504 21 significant significant JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 504 22 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 504 23 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 504 24 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 504 25 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 504 26 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 504 27 failure failure NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 504 28 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 504 29 disclose disclose VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 504 30 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 504 31 status status NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 504 32 vitiates vitiate VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 504 33 consent consent NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 504 34 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 504 35 sexual sexual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 504 36 intercourse intercourse NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 504 37 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 505 1 9 9 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 506 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 506 2 Way Way NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 506 3 Forward Forward NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 506 4 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 506 5 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 506 6 Treatment Treatment NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 506 7 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 506 8 Human Human NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 506 9 Rights Rights NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 506 10 There there EX cord-017675-in9r33ww 506 11 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 506 12 been be VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 506 13 numerous numerous JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 506 14 cases case NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 506 15 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 506 16 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 506 17 criminal criminal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 506 18 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 506 19 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 506 20 been be VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 506 21 applied apply VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 506 22 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 506 23 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 506 24 context context NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 506 25 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 506 26 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 506 27 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 506 28 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 506 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 506 30 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 506 31 Nations Nations NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 506 32 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 506 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 506 34 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 507 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 507 2 also also RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 507 3 recommend recommend VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 507 4 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 507 5 sensi- sensi- NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 508 1 This this DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 508 2 decision decision NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 508 3 suggests suggest VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 508 4 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 508 5 there there EX cord-017675-in9r33ww 508 6 might may MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 508 7 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 508 8 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 508 9 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 508 10 duty duty NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 508 11 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 508 12 disclose disclose VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 508 13 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 508 14 status status NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 508 15 prior prior RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 508 16 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 508 17 engaging engage VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 508 18 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 508 19 activities activity NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 508 20 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 508 21 do do VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 508 22 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 508 23 pose pose VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 508 24 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 508 25 significant significant JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 508 26 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 508 27 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 508 28 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 508 29 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 508 30 such such JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 508 31 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 508 32 kissing kissing NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 508 33 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 508 34 oral oral JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 508 35 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 508 36 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 508 37 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 508 38 where where WRB cord-017675-in9r33ww 508 39 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 508 40 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 508 41 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 508 42 positive positive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 508 43 individual individual NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 508 44 uses use VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 508 45 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 508 46 condom condom NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 508 47 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 509 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 509 2 R R NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 509 3 v. v. IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 509 4 Edwards Edwards NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 509 5 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 509 6 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 509 7 lower low JJR cord-017675-in9r33ww 509 8 court court NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 509 9 judge judge NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 509 10 ruled rule VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 509 11 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 509 12 there there EX cord-017675-in9r33ww 509 13 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 509 14 no no DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 509 15 duty duty NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 509 16 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 509 17 disclose disclose VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 509 18 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 509 19 status status NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 509 20 prior prior RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 509 21 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 509 22 engaging engage VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 509 23 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 509 24 unprotected unprotected JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 509 25 oral oral JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 509 26 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 509 27 because because IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 509 28 it -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 509 29 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 509 30 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 509 31 low low JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 509 32 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 509 33 activity activity NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 509 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 509 35 Canadian canadian JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 509 36 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 509 37 Society Society NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 509 38 2004 2004 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 509 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 509 40 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 510 1 On on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 510 2 15 15 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 510 3 November November NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 510 4 1991 1991 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 510 5 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 510 6 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 510 7 defendant defendant NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 510 8 learned learn VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 510 9 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 510 10 he -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 510 11 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 510 12 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 510 13 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 510 14 positive positive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 510 15 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 510 16 but but CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 510 17 did do VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 510 18 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 510 19 reveal reveal VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 510 20 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 510 21 status status NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 510 22 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 510 23 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 510 24 complainant complainant NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 510 25 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 510 26 continued continue VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 510 27 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 510 28 have have VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 510 29 unprotected unprotected JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 510 30 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 510 31 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 510 32 her -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 510 33 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 511 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 511 2 Supreme Supreme NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 511 3 Court Court NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 511 4 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 511 5 Canada Canada NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 511 6 ruled rule VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 511 7 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 511 8 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 511 9 defendant defendant NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 511 10 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 511 11 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 511 12 guilty guilty JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 511 13 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 511 14 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 511 15 act act NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 511 16 itself -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 511 17 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 511 18 but but CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 511 19 rather rather RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 511 20 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 511 21 consequences consequence NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 511 22 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 511 23 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 511 24 act act NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 511 25 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 512 1 Because because IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 512 2 it -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 512 3 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 512 4 likely likely JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 512 5 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 512 6 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 512 7 defendant defendant NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 512 8 had have VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 512 9 infected infect VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 512 10 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 512 11 complainant complainant NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 512 12 before before IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 512 13 he -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 512 14 learned learn VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 512 15 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 512 16 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 512 17 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 512 18 status status NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 512 19 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 512 20 it -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 512 21 could could MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 512 22 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 512 23 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 512 24 proved prove VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 512 25 beyond beyond IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 512 26 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 512 27 reasonable reasonable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 512 28 doubt doubt NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 512 29 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 512 30 he -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 512 31 had have VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 512 32 endangered endanger VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 512 33 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 512 34 life life NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 512 35 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 512 36 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 512 37 complainant complainant NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 512 38 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 513 1 However however RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 513 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 513 3 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 513 4 defendant defendant NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 513 5 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 513 6 guilty guilty JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 513 7 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 513 8 attempted attempt VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 513 9 aggravated aggravated JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 513 10 assault assault NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 513 11 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 513 12 continuing continue VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 513 13 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 513 14 have have VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 513 15 unprotected unprotected JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 513 16 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 513 17 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 513 18 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 513 19 complainant complainant NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 513 20 after after IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 513 21 having have VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 513 22 learned learn VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 513 23 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 513 24 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 513 25 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 513 26 status status NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 513 27 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 514 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 514 2 court court NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 514 3 ruled rule VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 514 4 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 514 5 there there EX cord-017675-in9r33ww 514 6 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 514 7 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 514 8 criminal criminal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 514 9 intent intent NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 514 10 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 514 11 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 514 12 conviction conviction NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 514 13 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 514 14 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 514 15 sexual sexual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 514 16 assault assault NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 514 17 charge charge NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 514 18 if if IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 514 19 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 514 20 person person NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 514 21 acts act VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 514 22 " " `` cord-017675-in9r33ww 514 23 recklessly recklessly RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 514 24 " " '' cord-017675-in9r33ww 514 25 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 515 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 515 2 Canadian canadian JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 515 3 law law NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 515 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 515 5 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 515 6 person person NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 515 7 acts act VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 515 8 " " `` cord-017675-in9r33ww 515 9 recklessly recklessly RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 515 10 " " '' cord-017675-in9r33ww 515 11 if if IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 515 12 they -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 515 13 know know VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 515 14 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 515 15 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 515 16 conduct conduct NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 515 17 risks risk NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 515 18 committing commit VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 515 19 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 515 20 crime crime NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 516 1 but but CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 516 2 they -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 516 3 commit commit VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 516 4 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 516 5 act act NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 516 6 nevertheless nevertheless RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 516 7 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 517 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 517 2 this this DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 517 3 case case NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 517 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 517 5 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 517 6 Supreme Supreme NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 517 7 Court Court NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 517 8 ruled rule VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 517 9 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 517 10 criminal criminal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 517 11 recklessness recklessness NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 517 12 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 517 13 established establish VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 517 14 once once IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 517 15 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 517 16 individual individual NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 517 17 becomes become VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 517 18 aware aware JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 517 19 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 517 20 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 517 21 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 517 22 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 517 23 he -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 517 24 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 517 25 she -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 517 26 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 517 27 contracted contract VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 517 28 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 517 29 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 517 30 but but CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 517 31 continues continue VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 517 32 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 517 33 have have VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 517 34 unprotected unprotected JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 517 35 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 517 36 without without IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 517 37 disclosure disclosure NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 517 38 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 517 39 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 517 40 status status NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 517 41 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 517 42 thereby thereby RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 517 43 creating create VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 517 44 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 517 45 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 517 46 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 517 47 further further JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 517 48 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 517 49 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 517 50 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 518 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 518 2 this this DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 518 3 case case NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 518 4 there there EX cord-017675-in9r33ww 518 5 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 518 6 no no DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 518 7 evidence evidence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 518 8 before before IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 518 9 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 518 10 court court NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 518 11 regarding regard VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 518 12 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 518 13 defendant defendant NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 518 14 's 's POS cord-017675-in9r33ww 518 15 awareness awareness NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 518 16 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 518 17 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 518 18 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 518 19 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 518 20 he -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 518 21 might may MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 518 22 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 518 23 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 518 24 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 518 25 positive positive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 518 26 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 518 27 prior prior RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 518 28 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 518 29 15 15 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 518 30 November November NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 518 31 1991 1991 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 518 32 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 518 33 other other JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 518 34 than than IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 518 35 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 518 36 fact fact NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 518 37 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 518 38 he -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 518 39 had have VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 518 40 been be VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 518 41 asked ask VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 518 42 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 518 43 take take VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 518 44 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 518 45 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 518 46 test test NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 518 47 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 519 1 This this DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 519 2 aspect aspect NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 519 3 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 519 4 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 519 5 ruling ruling NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 519 6 raised raise VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 519 7 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 519 8 issue issue NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 519 9 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 519 10 whether whether IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 519 11 there there EX cord-017675-in9r33ww 519 12 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 519 13 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 519 14 duty duty NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 519 15 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 519 16 disclose disclose VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 519 17 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 519 18 mere mere JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 519 19 awareness awareness NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 519 20 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 519 21 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 519 22 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 519 23 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 519 24 one one PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 519 25 might may MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 519 26 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 519 27 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 519 28 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 519 29 positive positive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 519 30 before before IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 519 31 having have VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 519 32 unprotected unprotected JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 519 33 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 519 34 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 520 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 520 2 court court NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 520 3 also also RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 520 4 suggested suggest VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 520 5 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 520 6 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 520 7 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 520 8 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 520 9 positive positive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 520 10 person person NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 520 11 might may MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 520 12 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 520 13 held hold VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 520 14 criminally criminally RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 520 15 liable liable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 520 16 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 520 17 failure failure NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 520 18 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 520 19 disclose disclose VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 520 20 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 520 21 status status NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 520 22 before before IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 520 23 having have VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 520 24 unprotected unprotected JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 520 25 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 520 26 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 520 27 another another DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 520 28 HIVpositive HIVpositive NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 520 29 individual individual NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 520 30 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 520 31 where where WRB cord-017675-in9r33ww 520 32 this this DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 520 33 results result VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 520 34 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 520 35 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 520 36 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 520 37 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 520 38 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 520 39 different different JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 520 40 strain strain NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 520 41 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 520 42 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 520 43 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 520 44 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 520 45 drug drug NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 520 46 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 520 47 resistant resistant JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 520 48 strain strain NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 520 49 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 520 50 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 520 51 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 2 Supreme Supreme NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 3 Court Court NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 4 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 5 Canada Canada NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 6 cases case NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 7 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 8 been be VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 9 criticized criticize VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 10 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 11 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 12 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 13 one one CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 14 hand hand NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 15 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 16 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 17 discouraging discourage VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 18 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 19 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 20 seeking seek VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 21 testing testing NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 22 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 23 order order NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 24 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 25 avoid avoid VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 26 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 27 possibility possibility NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 28 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 29 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 30 criminal criminal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 31 conviction conviction NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 32 based base VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 33 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 34 knowledge knowledge NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 35 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 36 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 37 status status NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 38 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 39 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 40 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 41 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 42 other other JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 43 hand hand NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 44 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 45 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 46 risking risk VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 47 undesirable undesirable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 48 invasions invasion NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 49 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 50 privacy privacy NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 51 if if IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 52 courts court NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 53 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 54 required require VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 55 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 56 determine determine VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 57 whether whether IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 58 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 59 individual individual NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 60 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 61 aware aware JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 62 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 63 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 64 past past JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 65 activities activity NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 66 put put VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 67 them -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 68 at at IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 69 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 70 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 71 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 72 infection infection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 73 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 74 Canadian canadian JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 75 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 76 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 77 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 78 Legal Legal NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 79 Network Network NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 80 2003 2003 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 81 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 521 82 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 1 However however RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 3 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 4 R R NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 5 v. v. IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 6 Williams Williams NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 7 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 8 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 9 fact fact NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 10 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 11 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 12 defendant defendant NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 13 had have VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 14 been be VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 15 asked ask VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 16 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 17 take take VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 18 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 19 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 20 test test NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 21 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 22 because because IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 23 he -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 24 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 25 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 26 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 27 list list NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 28 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 29 former former JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 30 partners partner NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 31 provided provide VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 32 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 33 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 34 individual individual NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 35 who who WP cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 36 had have VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 37 tested test VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 38 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 39 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 40 positive positive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 41 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 42 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 43 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 44 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 45 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 46 establish establish VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 47 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 48 he -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 49 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 50 aware aware JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 51 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 52 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 53 past past JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 54 activities activity NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 55 had have VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 56 put put VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 57 him -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 58 at at IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 59 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 60 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 61 R R NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 62 v. v. IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 63 Williams Williams NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 64 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 65 2003 2003 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 66 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 67 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 68 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 69 defendant defendant NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 70 began begin VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 71 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 72 sexual sexual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 73 relationship relationship NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 74 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 75 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 76 comthe comthe NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 77 complainant complainant NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 78 " " '' cord-017675-in9r33ww 522 79 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 523 1 What what WP cord-017675-in9r33ww 523 2 distinguishes distinguish VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 523 3 aggravated aggravated JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 523 4 assault assault NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 523 5 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 523 6 mere mere JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 523 7 assault assault NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 523 8 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 523 9 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 523 10 335 335 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 523 11 plainant plainant JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 523 12 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 523 13 June June NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 523 14 1991 1991 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 523 15 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 523 16 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 523 17 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 523 18 they -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 523 19 had have VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 523 20 unprotected unprotected JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 523 21 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 523 22 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 523 23 numerous numerous JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 523 24 occasions occasion NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 523 25 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 524 1 requires require VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 524 2 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 524 3 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 524 4 assault assault NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 524 5 " " `` cord-017675-in9r33ww 524 6 wounds wound NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 524 7 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 524 8 maims maim VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 524 9 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 524 10 disfigures disfigure VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 524 11 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 524 12 endangers endanger VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 524 13 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 524 14 life life NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 524 15 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 524 16 aggravated aggravated JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 524 17 assault assault NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 524 18 under under IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 524 19 section section NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 524 20 268(1 268(1 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 524 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 524 22 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 524 23 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 524 24 Canadian Canadian NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 524 25 Criminal Criminal NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 524 26 Code Code NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 524 27 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 524 28 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 524 29 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 524 30 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 524 31 infection infection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 524 32 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 525 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 525 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 525 3 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 525 4 decision decision NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 525 5 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 525 6 been be VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 525 7 criticized criticize VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 525 8 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 525 9 extending extend VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 525 10 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 525 11 without without IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 525 12 defining define VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 525 13 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 525 14 nature nature NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 525 15 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 525 16 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 525 17 awareness awareness NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 525 18 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 525 19 might may MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 525 20 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 525 21 required require VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 525 22 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 1 More more RBR cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 2 generally generally RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 3 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 4 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 5 use use NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 6 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 7 criminal criminal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 8 law law NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 9 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 10 prevent prevent VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 11 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 12 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 13 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 14 been be VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 15 criticized criticize VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 16 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 17 stigmatizing stigmatize VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 18 all all DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 19 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 20 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 21 positive positive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 22 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 23 because because IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 24 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 25 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 26 conduct conduct NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 27 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 28 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 29 few few JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 30 individuals individual NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 31 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 32 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 33 discouraging discourage VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 34 those those DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 35 most most JJS cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 36 at at IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 37 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 38 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 39 seeking seek VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 40 testing testing NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 41 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 42 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 43 being be VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 44 unlikely unlikely JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 45 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 46 stop stop VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 47 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 48 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 49 having have VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 50 risky risky JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 51 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 52 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 53 sharing share VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 54 needles needle NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 55 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 56 syringes syrinx NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 526 57 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 527 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 527 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 527 3 all all DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 527 4 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 527 5 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 527 6 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 527 7 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 527 8 related relate VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 527 9 criminal criminal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 527 10 prosecutions prosecution NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 527 11 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 527 12 Canada Canada NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 527 13 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 527 14 occurred occur VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 527 15 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 527 16 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 527 17 context context NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 527 18 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 527 19 heterosexual heterosexual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 527 20 intercourse intercourse NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 527 21 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 527 22 rather rather RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 527 23 than than IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 527 24 homosexual homosexual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 527 25 intercourse intercourse NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 527 26 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 527 27 injection injection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 527 28 drug drug NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 527 29 use use NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 527 30 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 527 31 creating create VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 527 32 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 527 33 perception perception NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 527 34 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 527 35 discriminatory discriminatory JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 527 36 application application NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 527 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 527 38 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 527 39 non non JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 527 40 - - JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 527 41 application application JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 527 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 527 43 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 527 44 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 527 45 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 527 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 527 47 Betteridge Betteridge NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 527 48 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 527 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 527 50 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 528 1 sion sion NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 528 2 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 528 3 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 528 4 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 528 5 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 528 6 between between IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 528 7 2003 2003 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 528 8 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 528 9 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 528 10 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 528 11 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 528 12 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 528 13 eight eight CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 528 14 accused accuse VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 528 15 pleaded plead VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 528 16 guilty guilty JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 528 17 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 528 18 two two CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 528 19 were be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 528 20 convicted convict VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 528 21 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 528 22 one one CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 528 23 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 528 24 acquitted acquit VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 528 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 528 26 Klein Klein NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 528 27 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 528 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 528 29 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 529 1 A a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 529 2 New New NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 529 3 Zealand Zealand NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 529 4 court court NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 529 5 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 529 6 ruled rule VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 529 7 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 529 8 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 529 9 living live VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 529 10 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 529 11 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 529 12 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 529 13 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 529 14 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 529 15 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 529 16 required require VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 529 17 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 529 18 disclose disclose VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 529 19 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 529 20 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 529 21 status status NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 529 22 if if IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 529 23 they -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 529 24 use use VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 529 25 condoms condom NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 529 26 during during IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 529 27 vaginal vaginal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 529 28 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 529 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 529 30 Klein Klein NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 529 31 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 529 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 529 33 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 2 particular particular JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 3 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 4 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 5 use use NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 6 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 7 criminal criminal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 8 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 9 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 10 prevent prevent VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 11 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 12 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 13 also also RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 14 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 15 been be VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 16 criticized criticize VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 17 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 18 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 19 taking take VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 20 into into IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 21 account account NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 22 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 23 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 24 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 25 positive positive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 26 individuals individual NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 27 living live VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 28 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 29 abusive abusive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 30 relationships relationship NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 31 may may MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 32 fear fear VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 33 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 34 consequences consequence NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 35 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 36 disclosing disclose VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 37 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 38 status status NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 39 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 40 partners partner NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 41 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 42 may may MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 43 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 44 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 45 able able JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 46 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 47 use use VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 48 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 49 condom condom NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 50 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 51 insist insist VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 52 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 53 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 54 partner partner NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 55 use use VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 56 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 57 condom condom NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 58 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 59 Canadian canadian JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 60 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 61 Society Society NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 62 2004 2004 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 63 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 530 64 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 2 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 3 literature literature NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 4 review review NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 5 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 6 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 7 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 8 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 9 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 10 genderbased genderbased NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 11 violence violence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 12 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 13 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 14 Harvard Harvard NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 15 School School NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 16 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 17 Public Public NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 18 Health Health NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 19 Program Program NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 20 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 21 International International NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 22 Health Health NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 23 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 24 Human Human NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 25 Rights Rights NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 27 2006 2006 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 29 found find VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 30 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 31 gender gender NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 32 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 33 based base VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 34 violence violence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 36 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 37 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 38 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 39 limited limit VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 40 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 41 violence violence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 42 against against IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 43 women woman NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 45 can can MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 46 interfere interfere VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 47 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 48 safe safe JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 49 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 50 practices practice NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 51 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 52 access access NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 53 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 54 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 531 55 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 532 1 Not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 532 2 only only RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 532 3 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 532 4 gender gender NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 532 5 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 532 6 based base VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 532 7 violence violence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 532 8 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 532 9 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 532 10 factor factor NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 532 11 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 532 12 acquiring acquire VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 532 13 HIV/ hiv/ NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 2 summary summary NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 3 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 4 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 5 use use NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 6 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 7 criminal criminal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 8 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 9 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 10 prevent prevent VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 11 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 12 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 13 may may MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 14 undermine undermine VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 15 overall overall JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 16 public public JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 17 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 18 initiatives initiative NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 19 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 20 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 22 1 1 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 24 reinforcing reinforce VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 25 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 26 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 27 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 28 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 29 related relate VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 30 stigma stigma NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 31 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 33 2 2 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 35 spreading spread VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 36 misinformation misinformation NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 37 about about IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 38 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 39 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 40 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 41 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 43 3 3 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 45 creating create VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 46 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 47 disincentive disincentive NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 48 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 49 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 50 testing testing NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 51 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 52 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 53 4 4 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 54 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 55 hindering hinder VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 56 access access NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 57 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 58 counseling counseling NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 59 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 60 support support NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 61 services service NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 62 ; ; , cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 63 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 64 5 5 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 65 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 66 creating create VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 67 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 68 false false JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 69 expectation expectation NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 70 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 71 criminal criminal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 72 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 73 eliminate eliminate VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 74 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 75 danger danger NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 76 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 77 unprotected unprotected JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 78 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 79 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 80 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 81 who who WP cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 82 believe believe VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 83 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 84 they -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 85 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 86 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 87 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 88 negative negative JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 89 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 90 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 91 6 6 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 92 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 93 creating create VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 94 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 95 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 96 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 97 selective selective JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 98 prosecution prosecution NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 99 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 100 marginalized marginalize VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 101 groups group NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 102 ; ; , cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 103 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 104 7 7 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 105 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 106 criminalizing criminalize VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 107 behavior behavior NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 108 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 109 results result VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 110 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 111 gender gender NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 112 inequality inequality NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 113 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 114 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 115 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 116 case case NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 117 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 118 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 119 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 120 positive positive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 121 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 122 living live VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 123 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 124 abusive abusive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 125 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 126 economically economically RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 127 dependent dependent JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 128 circumstances circumstance NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 129 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 130 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 131 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 132 8) 8) NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 133 invading invade VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 134 privacy privacy NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 135 through through IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 136 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 137 disclosure disclosure NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 138 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 139 medical medical JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 140 records record NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 141 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 142 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 143 status status NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 144 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 145 public public JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 146 court court NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 147 proceedings proceeding NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 148 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 149 Elliot Elliot NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 150 2002 2002 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 151 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 533 152 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 1 However however RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 3 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 4 use use NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 5 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 6 criminal criminal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 7 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 8 may may MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 9 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 10 warranted warrant VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 11 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 12 some some DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 13 circumstances circumstance NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 14 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 15 where where WRB cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 16 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 17 status status NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 18 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 19 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 20 aggravating aggravating JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 21 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 22 otherwise otherwise RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 23 relevant relevant JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 24 factor factor NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 25 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 26 cases case NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 27 involving involve VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 28 physical physical JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 29 assault assault NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 30 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 31 would would MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 32 constitute constitute VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 33 criminal criminal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 34 behavior behavior NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 35 even even RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 36 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 37 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 38 absence absence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 39 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 40 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 41 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 42 such such JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 43 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 44 rape rape NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 45 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 46 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 47 use use NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 48 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 49 needles needle NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 50 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 51 weapons weapon NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 52 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 53 Elliot Elliot NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 54 2002 2002 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 55 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 534 56 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 535 1 Finally finally RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 535 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 535 3 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 535 4 distinction distinction NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 535 5 should should MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 535 6 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 535 7 made make VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 535 8 between between IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 535 9 criminal criminal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 535 10 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 535 11 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 535 12 public public JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 535 13 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 535 14 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 535 15 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 535 16 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 535 17 quasi quasi JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 535 18 - - JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 535 19 criminal criminal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 535 20 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 535 21 nature nature NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 535 22 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 535 23 particularly particularly RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 535 24 those those DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 535 25 regarding regard VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 535 26 quarantine quarantine NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 535 27 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 536 1 While while IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 536 2 quarantine quarantine NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 536 3 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 536 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 536 5 such such JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 536 6 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 536 7 isolation isolation NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 536 8 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 536 9 detention detention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 536 10 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 536 11 quarantine quarantine NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 536 12 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 536 13 may may MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 536 14 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 536 15 suitable suitable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 536 16 9 9 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 537 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 537 2 Way Way NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 537 3 Forward Forward NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 537 4 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 537 5 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 537 6 Treatment Treatment NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 537 7 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 537 8 Human Human NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 537 9 Rights Rights NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 537 10 criminal criminal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 537 11 law law NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 537 12 beyond beyond IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 537 13 cases case NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 537 14 where where WRB cord-017675-in9r33ww 537 15 individuals individual NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 537 16 know know VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 537 17 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 537 18 they -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 537 19 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 537 20 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 537 21 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 537 22 positive positive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 537 23 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 538 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 538 2 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 538 3 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 538 4 Kingdom Kingdom NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 538 5 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 538 6 there there EX cord-017675-in9r33ww 538 7 were be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 538 8 eleven eleven CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 538 9 prosecutions prosecution NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 538 10 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 538 11 reckless reckless JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 538 12 transmis transmis NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 538 13 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 538 14 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 538 15 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 538 16 but but CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 538 17 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 538 18 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 538 19 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 538 20 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 538 21 also also RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 538 22 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 538 23 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 538 24 factor factor NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 538 25 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 538 26 gender gender NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 538 27 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 538 28 based base VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 538 29 violence violence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 538 30 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 539 1 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 539 2 casually casually RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 539 3 communicable communicable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 539 4 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 539 5 curable curable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 539 6 diseases disease NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 539 7 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 539 8 such such JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 539 9 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 539 10 run run VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 539 11 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 539 12 same same JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 539 13 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 539 14 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 539 15 misuse misuse NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 539 16 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 539 17 do do VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 539 18 criminal criminal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 539 19 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 539 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 539 21 Elliot Elliot NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 539 22 2002 2002 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 539 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 539 24 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 540 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 540 2 this this DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 540 3 regard regard NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 540 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 540 5 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 540 6 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 540 7 Nations Nations NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 540 8 International International NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 540 9 Guidelines Guidelines NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 540 10 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 540 11 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 540 12 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 540 13 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 540 14 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 540 15 Human Human NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 540 16 Rights Rights NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 540 17 recommend recommend VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 540 18 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 540 19 public public JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 540 20 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 540 21 law law NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 540 22 provisions provision NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 540 23 applicable applicable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 540 24 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 540 25 casually casually RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 540 26 transmitted transmit VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 540 27 diseases disease NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 540 28 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 540 29 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 540 30 applied apply VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 540 31 inappropriately inappropriately RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 540 32 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 540 33 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 540 34 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 540 35 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 540 36 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 540 37 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 540 38 they -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 540 39 be be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 540 40 consistent consistent JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 540 41 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 540 42 international international JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 540 43 human human JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 540 44 rights right NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 540 45 obligations obligation NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 540 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 540 47 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 540 48 Nations Nations NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 540 49 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 540 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 540 51 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 541 1 Some some DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 541 2 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 541 3 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 541 4 restricted restrict VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 541 5 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 541 6 entry entry NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 541 7 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 541 8 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 541 9 living live VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 541 10 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 541 11 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 541 12 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 541 13 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 541 14 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 541 15 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 541 16 shortterm shortterm JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 541 17 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 541 18 long long JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 541 19 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 541 20 term term NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 541 21 stays stay NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 541 22 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 541 23 through through IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 541 24 mandatory mandatory JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 541 25 testing testing NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 541 26 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 541 27 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 541 28 requirement requirement NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 541 29 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 541 30 declare declare VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 541 31 one one PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 541 32 's 's POS cord-017675-in9r33ww 541 33 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 541 34 status status NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 541 35 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 542 1 As as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 542 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 542 3 saw see VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 542 4 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 542 5 Chap Chap NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 542 6 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 543 1 8 8 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 543 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 543 3 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 543 4 WHO WHO NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 543 5 International International NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 543 6 Health Health NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 543 7 Regulations Regulations NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 543 8 also also RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 543 9 contain contain VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 543 10 provisions provision NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 543 11 regarding regard VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 543 12 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 543 13 measures measure NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 543 14 applied apply VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 543 15 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 543 16 travelers traveler NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 543 17 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 544 1 These these DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 544 2 provisions provision NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 544 3 encourage encourage VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 544 4 States state NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 544 5 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 544 6 base base VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 544 7 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 544 8 determinations determination NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 544 9 upon upon IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 544 10 scientific scientific JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 544 11 principles principle NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 544 12 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 544 13 available available JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 544 14 scientific scientific JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 544 15 evidence evidence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 544 16 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 544 17 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 544 18 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 544 19 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 544 20 human human JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 544 21 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 544 22 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 544 23 any any DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 544 24 available available JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 544 25 specific specific JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 544 26 guidance guidance NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 544 27 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 544 28 dignity dignity NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 544 29 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 544 30 human human JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 544 31 rights right NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 544 32 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 544 33 fundamental fundamental JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 544 34 freedoms freedom NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 544 35 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 544 36 minimize minimize VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 544 37 any any DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 544 38 discomfort discomfort NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 544 39 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 544 40 distress distress NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 544 41 associated associate VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 544 42 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 544 43 such such JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 544 44 measures measure NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 544 45 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 545 1 Governments government NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 545 2 cite cite VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 545 3 two two CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 545 4 main main JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 545 5 reasons reason NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 545 6 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 545 7 imposing impose VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 545 8 travel travel NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 545 9 restrictions restriction NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 545 10 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 545 11 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 545 12 living live VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 545 13 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 545 14 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 545 15 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 545 16 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 545 17 -public -public HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 545 18 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 545 19 protection protection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 545 20 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 545 21 reducing reduce VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 545 22 demand demand NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 545 23 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 545 24 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 545 25 care care NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 545 26 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 545 27 social social JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 545 28 services service NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 545 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 545 30 UNAIDS UNAIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 545 31 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 545 32 IOM IOM NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 545 33 2004 2004 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 545 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 545 35 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 546 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 546 2 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 546 3 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 546 4 Kingdom Kingdom NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 546 5 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 546 6 another another DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 546 7 source source NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 546 8 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 546 9 demands demand NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 546 10 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 546 11 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 546 12 screening screening NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 546 13 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 546 14 migrants migrant NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 546 15 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 546 16 been be VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 546 17 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 546 18 concern concern NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 546 19 over over IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 546 20 " " `` cord-017675-in9r33ww 546 21 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 546 22 tourism tourism NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 546 23 " " '' cord-017675-in9r33ww 546 24 -HIV -HIV HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 546 25 infected infect VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 546 26 migrants migrant NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 546 27 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 546 28 developing develop VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 546 29 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 546 30 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 546 31 go go VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 546 32 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 546 33 Europe Europe NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 546 34 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 546 35 receive receive VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 546 36 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 546 37 care care NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 546 38 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 547 1 However however RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 547 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 547 3 research research NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 547 4 shows show VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 547 5 that that DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 547 6 access access NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 547 7 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 547 8 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 547 9 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 547 10 rarely rarely RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 547 11 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 547 12 after after IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 547 13 having have VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 547 14 arrived arrive VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 547 15 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 547 16 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 547 17 host host NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 547 18 country country NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 547 19 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 547 20 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 547 21 there there EX cord-017675-in9r33ww 547 22 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 547 23 no no DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 547 24 uniform uniform JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 547 25 policy policy NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 547 26 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 547 27 European European NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 547 28 Union Union NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 547 29 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 547 30 regarding regard VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 547 31 screening screening NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 547 32 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 547 33 migrants migrant NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 547 34 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 547 35 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 547 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 547 37 Carballo Carballo NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 547 38 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 547 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 547 40 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 548 1 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 548 2 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 548 3 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 548 4 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 548 5 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 548 6 considered consider VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 548 7 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 548 8 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 548 9 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 548 10 condition condition NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 548 11 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 548 12 poses pose VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 548 13 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 548 14 threat threat NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 548 15 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 548 16 public public JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 548 17 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 548 18 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 548 19 relation relation NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 548 20 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 548 21 travel travel VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 548 22 because because IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 548 23 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 548 24 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 548 25 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 548 26 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 548 27 already already RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 548 28 present present JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 548 29 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 548 30 virtually virtually RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 548 31 every every DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 548 32 country country NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 548 33 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 548 34 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 548 35 world world NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 548 36 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 548 37 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 548 38 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 548 39 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 548 40 transmitted transmit VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 548 41 through through IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 548 42 casual casual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 548 43 contact contact NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 548 44 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 549 1 Unlike unlike IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 549 2 highly highly RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 549 3 contagious contagious JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 549 4 diseases disease NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 549 5 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 549 6 short short JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 549 7 incubation incubation NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 549 8 periods period NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 549 9 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 549 10 such such JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 549 11 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 549 12 SARS SARS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 549 13 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 549 14 cholera cholera NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 549 15 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 549 16 plague plague NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 549 17 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 549 18 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 549 19 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 549 20 can can MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 549 21 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 549 22 prevented prevent VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 549 23 through through IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 549 24 safe safe JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 549 25 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 549 26 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 549 27 safe safe JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 549 28 drug drug NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 549 29 injection injection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 549 30 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 549 31 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 549 32 can can MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 549 33 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 549 34 used use VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 549 35 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 549 36 both both DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 549 37 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 549 38 infected infected JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 549 39 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 549 40 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 549 41 non non JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 549 42 - - JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 549 43 infected infected JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 549 44 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 549 45 prevent prevent VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 549 46 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 549 47 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 550 1 There there EX cord-017675-in9r33ww 550 2 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 550 3 no no DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 550 4 evidence evidence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 550 5 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 550 6 support support VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 550 7 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 550 8 assumption assumption NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 550 9 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 550 10 both both CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 550 11 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 550 12 infected infected JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 550 13 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 550 14 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 550 15 non non JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 550 16 - - JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 550 17 infected infected JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 550 18 will will MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 550 19 engage engage VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 550 20 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 550 21 unsafe unsafe JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 550 22 practices practice NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 550 23 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 551 1 As as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 551 2 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 551 3 result result NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 551 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 551 5 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 551 6 presence presence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 551 7 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 551 8 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 551 9 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 551 10 positive positive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 551 11 individuals individual NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 551 12 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 551 13 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 551 14 itself -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 551 15 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 551 16 does do VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 551 17 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 551 18 pose pose VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 551 19 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 551 20 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 551 21 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 551 22 public public JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 551 23 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 551 24 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 2 addition addition NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 3 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 4 travel travel NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 5 restrictions restriction NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 6 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 7 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 8 effective effective JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 9 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 10 preventing prevent VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 11 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 12 entry entry NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 13 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 14 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 15 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 16 positive positive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 17 individuals individual NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 18 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 19 since since IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 20 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 21 tests test NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 22 do do VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 23 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 24 detect detect VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 25 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 26 virus virus NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 27 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 28 newly newly RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 29 infected infect VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 30 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 31 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 32 nationals national NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 33 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 34 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 35 returning return VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 36 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 37 travel travel NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 38 abroad abroad RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 40 who who WP cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 41 may may MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 42 have have VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 43 been be VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 44 infected infect VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 45 while while IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 46 outside outside IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 47 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 48 country country NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 50 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 51 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 52 subject subject JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 53 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 54 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 55 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 56 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 57 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 58 related relate VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 59 travel travel NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 60 restrictions restriction NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 61 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 62 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 63 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 64 prevented prevent VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 65 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 66 entering enter VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 67 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 68 own own JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 69 country country NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 552 70 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 553 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 553 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 553 3 travel travel NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 553 4 restrictions restriction NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 553 5 can can MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 553 6 undermine undermine VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 553 7 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 553 8 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 553 9 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 553 10 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 553 11 related relate VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 553 12 public public JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 553 13 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 553 14 initiatives initiative NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 553 15 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 553 16 increasing increase VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 553 17 stigma stigma NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 553 18 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 553 19 discrimination discrimination NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 553 20 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 553 21 mislead mislead VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 553 22 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 553 23 public public NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 553 24 into into IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 553 25 thinking thinking NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 553 26 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 553 27 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 553 28 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 553 29 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 553 30 can can MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 553 31 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 553 32 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 553 33 advice advice NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 553 34 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 553 35 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 553 36 WHO WHO NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 553 37 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 554 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 554 2 also also RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 554 3 require require VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 554 4 States state NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 554 5 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 554 6 treat treat VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 554 7 travelers traveler NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 554 8 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 554 9 respect respect NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 554 10 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 554 11 reason reason NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 554 12 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 554 13 migration migration NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 554 14 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 554 15 Europe Europe NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 554 16 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 554 17 since since IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 554 18 most most JJS cord-017675-in9r33ww 554 19 migrants migrant NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 554 20 only only RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 554 21 learn learn VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 554 22 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 554 23 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 554 24 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 554 25 status status NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 554 26 prevented prevent VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 554 27 through through IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 554 28 border border NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 554 29 measures measure NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 554 30 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 554 31 rather rather RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 554 32 than than IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 554 33 through through IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 554 34 proven prove VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 554 35 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 554 36 strategies strategy NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 554 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 554 38 UNAIDS UNAIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 554 39 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 554 40 IOM IOM NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 554 41 2004 2004 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 554 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 554 43 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 555 1 UNAIDS UNAIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 555 2 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 555 3 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 555 4 International International NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 555 5 Organization Organization NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 555 6 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 555 7 Migration Migration NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 555 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 555 9 IOM IOM NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 555 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 555 11 recommend recommend VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 555 12 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 555 13 exclusion exclusion NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 555 14 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 555 15 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 555 16 basis basis NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 555 17 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 555 18 possible possible JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 555 19 costs cost NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 555 20 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 555 21 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 555 22 care care NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 555 23 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 555 24 social social JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 555 25 services service NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 555 26 only only RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 555 27 occur occur VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 555 28 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 555 29 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 555 30 individual individual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 555 31 basis basis NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 555 32 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 555 33 where where WRB cord-017675-in9r33ww 555 34 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 555 35 following following JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 555 36 considerations consideration NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 555 37 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 555 38 shown show VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 555 39 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 2 1 1 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 4 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 5 person person NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 6 requires require VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 7 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 8 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 9 care care NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 10 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 11 social social JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 12 services service NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 13 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 14 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 15 likely likely JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 16 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 17 use use VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 18 them -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 19 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 20 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 21 near near JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 22 future future NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 23 ; ; , cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 25 2 2 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 27 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 28 person person NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 29 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 30 no no DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 31 other other JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 32 means mean NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 33 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 34 meeting meet VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 35 those those DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 36 costs cost NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 38 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 39 example example NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 40 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 41 through through IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 42 private private JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 43 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 44 employment employment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 45 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 46 based base VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 47 insurance insurance NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 48 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 49 personal personal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 50 resources resource NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 52 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 53 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 54 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 55 3 3 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 57 these these DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 58 costs cost NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 59 will will MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 60 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 61 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 62 exceeded exceed VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 63 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 64 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 65 benefits benefit NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 66 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 67 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 68 person person NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 69 's 's POS cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 70 skills skill NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 71 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 72 talents talent NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 73 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 74 contribution contribution NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 75 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 76 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 77 labor labor NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 78 force force NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 79 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 80 payment payment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 81 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 82 taxes taxis NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 83 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 84 contribution contribution NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 85 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 86 cultural cultural JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 87 diversity diversity NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 88 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 89 capacity capacity NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 90 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 91 revenue revenue NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 92 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 93 job job NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 94 creation creation NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 95 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 96 UNAIDS UNAIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 97 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 98 IOM IOM NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 99 2004 2004 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 100 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 556 101 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 557 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 557 2 also also RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 557 3 recommend recommend VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 557 4 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 557 5 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 557 6 treat treat VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 557 7 similar similar JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 557 8 conditions condition NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 557 9 alike alike RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 557 10 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 557 11 rather rather RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 557 12 than than IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 557 13 singling single VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 557 14 out out RP cord-017675-in9r33ww 557 15 HIV/ HIV/ NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 557 16 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 557 17 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 558 1 One one CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 558 2 study study NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 558 3 showed show VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 558 4 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 558 5 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 558 6 10-year 10-year CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 558 7 economic economic JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 558 8 impact impact NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 558 9 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 558 10 admitting admit VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 558 11 immigrants immigrant NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 558 12 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 558 13 asymptomatic asymptomatic JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 558 14 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 558 15 infection infection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 558 16 would would MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 558 17 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 558 18 similar similar JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 558 19 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 558 20 admitting admit VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 558 21 immigrants immigrant NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 558 22 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 558 23 asymptomatic asymptomatic JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 558 24 coronary coronary JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 558 25 heart heart NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 558 26 disease disease NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 558 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 558 28 Zowall Zowall NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 558 29 et et FW cord-017675-in9r33ww 558 30 al al NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 558 31 . . NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 558 32 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 558 33 1994 1994 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 558 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 558 35 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 559 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 559 2 Canadian canadian JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 559 3 Immigration Immigration NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 559 4 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 559 5 Refugee Refugee NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 559 6 Protection Protection NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 559 7 Act Act NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 559 8 provides provide VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 559 9 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 559 10 foreign foreign JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 559 11 nationals national NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 559 12 can can MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 559 13 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 559 14 deemed deem VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 559 15 " " `` cord-017675-in9r33ww 559 16 medically medically RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 559 17 inadmissible inadmissible JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 559 18 " " '' cord-017675-in9r33ww 559 19 based base VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 559 20 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 559 21 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 559 22 medical medical JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 559 23 condition condition NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 559 24 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 559 25 danger danger NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 559 26 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 559 27 public public JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 559 28 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 559 29 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 559 30 public public JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 559 31 safety safety NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 559 32 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 559 33 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 559 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 559 35 2 2 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 559 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 559 37 they -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 559 38 might may MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 559 39 reasonably reasonably RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 559 40 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 559 41 expected expect VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 559 42 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 559 43 cause cause VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 559 44 excessive excessive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 559 45 demand demand NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 559 46 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 559 47 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 559 48 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 559 49 social social JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 559 50 services service NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 559 51 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 560 1 Since since IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 560 2 1991 1991 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 560 3 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 560 4 Canadian canadian JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 560 5 danger danger NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 560 6 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 560 7 public public JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 560 8 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 560 9 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 560 10 public public JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 560 11 safety safety NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 560 12 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 560 13 virtue virtue NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 560 14 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 560 15 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 560 16 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 560 17 status status NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 560 18 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 561 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 561 2 issue issue NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 561 3 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 561 4 excessive excessive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 561 5 demand demand NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 561 6 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 561 7 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 561 8 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 561 9 social social JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 561 10 services service NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 561 11 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 561 12 mainly mainly RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 561 13 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 561 14 consideration consideration NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 561 15 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 561 16 cases case NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 561 17 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 561 18 immigration immigration NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 561 19 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 561 20 stays stay VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 561 21 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 561 22 exceed exceed VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 561 23 6 6 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 561 24 months month NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 561 25 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 561 26 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 561 27 determined determine VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 561 28 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 561 29 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 561 30 case case NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 561 31 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 561 32 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 561 33 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 561 34 case case NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 561 35 basis basis NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 561 36 permanent permanent JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 561 37 residents resident NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 561 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 561 39 spouses spouse NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 561 40 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 561 41 children child NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 561 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 561 43 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 562 1 Demand demand NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 562 2 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 562 3 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 562 4 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 562 5 social social JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 562 6 services service NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 562 7 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 562 8 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 562 9 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 562 10 social social JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 562 11 services service NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 562 12 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 562 13 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 562 14 average average JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 562 15 Canadian canadian JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 562 16 resident resident NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 562 17 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 562 18 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 562 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 562 20 2 2 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 562 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 562 22 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 562 23 demand demand NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 563 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 563 2 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 563 3 States States NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 563 4 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 563 5 had have VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 563 6 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 563 7 travel travel NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 563 8 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 563 9 immigration immigration NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 563 10 restriction restriction NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 563 11 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 563 12 place place NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 563 13 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 563 14 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 563 15 living live VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 563 16 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 563 17 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 563 18 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 563 19 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 563 20 since since IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 563 21 1987 1987 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 564 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 564 2 Human Human NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 564 3 Rights Rights NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 564 4 Watch Watch NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 564 5 2006 2006 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 564 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 564 7 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 565 1 Under under IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 565 2 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 565 3 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 565 4 States States NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 565 5 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 565 6 inadmissible inadmissible JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 565 7 if if IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 565 8 they -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 565 9 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 565 10 " " `` cord-017675-in9r33ww 565 11 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 565 12 communicable communicable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 565 13 disease disease NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 565 14 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 565 15 public public JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 565 16 High High NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 565 17 Level Level NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 565 18 Meeting Meeting NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 565 19 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 565 20 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 565 21 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 565 22 " " `` cord-017675-in9r33ww 565 23 designated designated JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 565 24 event event NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 565 25 " " '' cord-017675-in9r33ww 565 26 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 565 27 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 565 28 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 565 29 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 565 30 waiver waiver NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 565 31 would would MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 565 32 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 565 33 available available JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 565 34 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 566 1 Visitors visitor NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 566 2 entering enter VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 566 3 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 566 4 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 566 5 States States NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 566 6 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 566 7 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 566 8 Visa Visa NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 566 9 Waiver Waiver NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 566 10 Program Program NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 566 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 566 12 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 566 13 waives waive VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 566 14 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 566 15 requirement requirement NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 566 16 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 566 17 apply apply VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 566 18 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 566 19 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 566 20 visa visa NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 566 21 prior prior RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 566 22 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 566 23 traveling travel VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 566 24 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 566 25 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 566 26 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 566 27 9 9 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 2 Way Way NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 3 Forward Forward NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 4 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 5 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 6 Treatment Treatment NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 7 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 8 Human Human NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 9 Rights Rights NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 10 government government NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 11 policy policy NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 12 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 13 been be VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 14 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 15 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 16 living live VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 17 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 18 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 19 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 20 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 21 do do VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 22 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 23 represent represent VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 24 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 25 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 26 therefore therefore RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 27 denied deny VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 28 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 29 visa visa NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 30 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 31 entry entry NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 32 at at IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 33 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 34 border border NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 35 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 36 if if IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 37 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 39 1 1 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 41 they -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 42 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 43 likely likely JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 44 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 45 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 46 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 47 338 338 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 48 would would MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 49 add add VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 50 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 51 existing exist VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 52 waiting waiting NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 53 lists list NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 54 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 55 those those DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 56 services service NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 57 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 58 would would MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 59 increase increase VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 60 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 61 rate rate NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 62 US US NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 63 Immigration Immigration NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 64 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 65 Nationality Nationality NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 66 Act Act NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 67 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 68 applicants applicant NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 69 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 70 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 71 visa visa NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 72 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 73 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 74 admission admission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 75 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 76 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 77 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 78 significance significance NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 79 " " '' cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 80 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 81 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 82 includes include VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 83 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 84 infection infection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 85 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 86 although although IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 87 waivers waiver NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 88 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 89 available available JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 90 ces ce NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 91 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 92 Canadian canadian JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 93 citizens citizen NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 94 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 95 permanent permanent JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 96 residents resident NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 567 97 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 568 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 568 2 social social JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 568 3 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 568 4 economic economic JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 568 5 contribu contribu NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 568 6 - - : cord-017675-in9r33ww 568 7 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 568 8 does do VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 568 9 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 568 10 apply apply VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 568 11 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 568 12 refugees refugee NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 568 13 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 568 14 close close JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 568 15 family family NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 568 16 members member NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 568 17 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 568 18 Canadian canadian JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 568 19 citizens citizen NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 568 20 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 568 21 tions tion NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 568 22 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 568 23 individual individual NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 568 24 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 568 25 expected expect VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 568 26 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 568 27 make make VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 568 28 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 568 29 Canada Canada NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 568 30 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 568 31 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 568 32 taken take VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 568 33 into into IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 568 34 account account NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 568 35 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 569 1 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 569 2 mortality mortality NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 569 3 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 569 4 morbidity morbidity NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 569 5 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 569 6 Canada Canada NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 569 7 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 569 8 denying deny VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 569 9 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 569 10 delaying delay VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 569 11 access access NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 569 12 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 569 13 those those DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 569 14 servi- servi- JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 569 15 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 569 16 status status NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 569 17 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 569 18 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 569 19 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 569 20 tested test VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 569 21 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 569 22 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 569 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 569 24 Canadian canadian JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 569 25 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 569 26 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 569 27 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 569 28 Legal Legal NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 569 29 Network Network NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 569 30 2007a 2007a CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 569 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 569 32 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 570 1 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 570 2 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 570 3 case case NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 570 4 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 570 5 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 570 6 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 570 7 case case NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 570 8 basis basis NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 570 9 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 1 For for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 2 example example NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 3 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 4 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 5 US US NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 6 Attorney Attorney NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 7 General General NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 8 named name VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 9 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 10 2006 2006 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 11 People People NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 12 entering enter VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 13 Canada Canada NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 14 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 15 less less JJR cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 16 than than IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 17 6 6 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 18 months month NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 19 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 20 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 21 required require VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 22 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 23 disclose disclose VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 24 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 25 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 26 considered consider VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 27 excessive excessive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 28 if if IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 29 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 31 1 1 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 33 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 34 anticipated anticipate VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 35 costs cost NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 36 would would MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 37 likely likely RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 38 exceed exceed VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 39 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 40 costs cost NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 41 States States NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 42 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 43 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 44 certain certain JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 45 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 47 must must MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 48 fill fill VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 49 out out RP cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 50 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 51 I-94W i-94w NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 52 form form NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 53 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 54 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 55 asks ask VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 56 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 57 " " `` cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 58 Have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 59 you -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 60 ever ever RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 61 been be VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 62 afflicted afflict VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 63 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 64 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 65 communicable communicable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 66 disease disease NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 67 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 68 public public JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 69 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 70 significance significance NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 571 71 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 1 " " `` cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 2 If if IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 3 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 4 visitor visitor NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 5 answers answer VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 6 yes yes UH cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 7 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 8 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 9 question question NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 10 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 11 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 12 US US NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 13 border border NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 14 authorities authority NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 15 suspect suspect VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 16 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 17 visitor visitor NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 18 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 19 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 20 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 21 - - : cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 22 positive positive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 23 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 24 person person NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 25 may may MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 26 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 27 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 29 1 1 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 31 placed place VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 32 into into IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 33 secondary secondary JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 34 inspection inspection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 35 ; ; , cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 37 2 2 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 39 questioned question VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 40 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 41 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 42 official official NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 43 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 44 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 45 US US NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 46 Department Department NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 47 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 48 Homeland Homeland NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 49 Security Security NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 50 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 51 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 52 3 3 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 54 placed place VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 55 into into IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 56 deferred deferred JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 57 inspection inspection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 58 ; ; , cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 59 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 60 4 4 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 61 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 62 asked ask VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 63 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 64 withdraw withdraw VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 65 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 66 application application NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 67 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 68 admission admission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 69 into into IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 70 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 71 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 72 States States NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 73 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 74 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 75 5 5 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 76 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 77 placed place VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 78 into into IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 79 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 80 expedited expedite VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 81 removal removal NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 82 process process NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 83 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 84 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 85 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 86 6 6 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 87 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 88 placed place VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 89 into into IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 90 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 91 US US NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 92 Department Department NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 93 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 94 Homeland Homeland NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 95 Security Security NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 96 Detention Detention NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 97 Center Center NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 98 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 99 detained detain VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 100 until until IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 101 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 102 case case NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 103 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 104 heard hear VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 105 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 106 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 107 immigration immigration NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 108 judge judge NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 109 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 110 GMHC GMHC NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 111 2006 2006 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 112 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 572 113 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 573 1 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 573 2 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 573 3 positive positive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 573 4 non non NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 573 5 - - NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 573 6 immigrants immigrant NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 573 7 seeking seek VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 573 8 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 573 9 enter enter VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 573 10 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 573 11 US US NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 573 12 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 573 13 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 573 14 temporary temporary JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 573 15 basis basis NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 573 16 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 573 17 business business NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 573 18 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 573 19 pleasure pleasure NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 573 20 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 573 21 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 573 22 education education NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 573 23 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 573 24 eligible eligible JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 573 25 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 573 26 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 573 27 waiver waiver NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 573 28 under under IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 573 29 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 573 30 they -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 573 31 can can MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 573 32 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 573 33 allowed allow VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 573 34 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 573 35 enter enter VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 573 36 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 573 37 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 573 38 States States NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 573 39 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 574 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 574 2 practice practice NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 574 3 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 574 4 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 574 5 waiver waiver NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 574 6 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 574 7 granted grant VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 574 8 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 574 9 most most JJS cord-017675-in9r33ww 574 10 cases case NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 574 11 if if IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 574 12 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 575 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 575 2 1 1 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 575 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 575 4 they -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 575 5 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 575 6 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 575 7 symptomatic symptomatic JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 575 8 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 575 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 575 10 2 2 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 575 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 575 12 it -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 575 13 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 575 14 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 575 15 short short JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 575 16 visit visit NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 575 17 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 575 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 575 19 3 3 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 575 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 575 21 they -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 575 22 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 575 23 insurance insurance NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 575 24 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 575 25 other other JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 575 26 assets asset NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 575 27 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 575 28 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 575 29 pay pay VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 575 30 medical medical JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 575 31 expenses expense NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 575 32 ; ; , cord-017675-in9r33ww 575 33 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 575 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 575 35 4 4 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 575 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 575 37 they -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 575 38 do do VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 575 39 n't not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 575 40 appear appear VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 575 41 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 575 42 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 575 43 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 575 44 public public JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 575 45 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 575 46 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 575 47 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 576 1 Permanent permanent JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 576 2 residency residency NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 576 3 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 576 4 immigration immigration NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 576 5 applicants applicant NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 576 6 can can MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 576 7 also also RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 576 8 apply apply VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 576 9 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 576 10 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 576 11 waiver waiver NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 576 12 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 576 13 but but CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 576 14 they -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 576 15 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 576 16 usually usually RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 576 17 rejected reject VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 576 18 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 577 1 To to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 577 2 receive receive VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 577 3 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 577 4 waiver waiver NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 577 5 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 577 6 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 577 7 immigrant immigrant NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 577 8 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 577 9 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 577 10 person person NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 577 11 must must MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 577 12 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 577 13 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 577 14 spouse spouse NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 577 15 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 577 16 unmarried unmarried JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 577 17 son son NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 577 18 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 577 19 adopted adopt VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 577 20 child child NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 577 21 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 577 22 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 577 23 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 577 24 States States NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 577 25 citident citident NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 577 26 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 577 27 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 577 28 son son NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 577 29 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 577 30 daughter daughter NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 577 31 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 2 addition addition NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 3 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 4 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 5 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 6 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 7 positive positive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 8 immigration immigration NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 9 applicant applicant NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 10 must must MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 11 prove prove VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 12 that that DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 13 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 15 1 1 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 17 he -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 18 will will MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 19 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 20 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 21 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 22 danger danger NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 23 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 24 public public JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 25 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 26 ; ; , cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 28 2 2 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 30 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 31 possibility possibility NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 32 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 33 spreading spread VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 34 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 35 disease disease NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 36 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 37 minimal minimal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 38 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 39 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 41 3 3 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 43 there there EX cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 44 will will MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 45 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 46 no no DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 47 cost cost NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 48 incurred incur VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 49 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 50 any any DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 51 level level NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 52 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 53 government government NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 54 without without IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 55 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 56 prior prior JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 57 consent consent NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 58 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 59 Tarwater Tarwater NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 60 2001 2001 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 61 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 578 62 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 579 1 June June NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 579 2 1987 1987 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 580 1 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 580 2 US US NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 580 3 Public Public NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 580 4 Health Health NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 580 5 Service Service NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 580 6 added add VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 580 7 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 580 8 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 580 9 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 580 10 list list NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 580 11 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 580 12 excludable excludable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 580 13 conditions condition NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 580 14 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 580 15 noting note VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 580 16 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 580 17 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 580 18 exclusion exclusion NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 580 19 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 580 20 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 580 21 based base VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 580 22 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 580 23 any any DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 580 24 new new JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 580 25 scientific scientific JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 580 26 knowledge knowledge NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 580 27 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 580 28 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 580 29 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 580 30 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 580 31 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 580 32 spread spread VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 580 33 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 580 34 casual casual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 580 35 contact contact NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 580 36 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 580 37 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 580 38 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 580 39 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 580 40 usual usual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 580 41 public public JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 580 42 concept concept NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 580 43 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 580 44 contagious contagious JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 580 45 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 2 July July NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 3 1987 1987 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 5 Republican republican JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 6 Senator Senator NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 7 Jesse Jesse NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 8 Helms Helms NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 9 also also RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 10 added add VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 11 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 12 infection infection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 13 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 14 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 15 exclusion exclusion NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 16 list list NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 17 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 18 through through IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 19 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 20 US US NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 21 Congress Congress NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 22 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 23 together together RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 24 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 25 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 26 prohibition prohibition NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 27 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 28 funding funding NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 29 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 30 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 31 US US NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 32 Centers Centers NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 33 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 34 Disease Disease NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 35 Control Control NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 36 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 37 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 38 programs program NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 39 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 40 " " `` cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 41 promote promote VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 42 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 43 encourage encourage VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 44 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 45 condone condone VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 46 homosexual homosexual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 47 activities activity NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 48 " " '' cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 49 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 50 Koch Koch NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 51 1987 1987 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 52 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 53 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 54 Treatment Treatment NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 55 News News NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 56 1991 1991 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 57 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 581 58 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 582 1 Senator Senator NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 582 2 Helms Helms NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 582 3 accompanied accompany VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 582 4 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 582 5 introduction introduction NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 582 6 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 582 7 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 582 8 amendments amendment NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 582 9 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 582 10 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 582 11 following following JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 582 12 statement statement NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 582 13 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 582 14 " " `` cord-017675-in9r33ww 582 15 We -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 582 16 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 582 17 got get VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 582 18 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 582 19 call call VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 582 20 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 582 21 spade spade NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 582 22 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 582 23 spade spade NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 582 24 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 582 25 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 582 26 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 582 27 perverted perverted JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 582 28 human human NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 582 29 being be VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 582 30 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 582 31 perverted perverted JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 582 32 human human JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 582 33 being being NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 582 34 " " '' cord-017675-in9r33ww 582 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 582 36 Koch Koch NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 582 37 1987 1987 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 582 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 582 39 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 583 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 583 2 July July NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 583 3 1995 1995 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 583 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 583 5 Senator Senator NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 583 6 Jesse Jesse NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 583 7 Helms Helms NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 583 8 advocated advocate VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 583 9 spending spend VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 583 10 less less JJR cord-017675-in9r33ww 583 11 money money NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 583 12 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 583 13 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 583 14 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 583 15 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 583 16 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 583 17 because because IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 583 18 it -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 583 19 resulted result VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 583 20 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 583 21 " " `` cord-017675-in9r33ww 583 22 deliberate deliberate JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 583 23 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 583 24 disgusting disgusting JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 583 25 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 583 26 revolting revolting JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 583 27 conduct conduct NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 583 28 " " '' cord-017675-in9r33ww 583 29 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 583 30 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 583 31 " " `` cord-017675-in9r33ww 583 32 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 583 33 disease disease NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 583 34 transmitted transmit VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 583 35 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 583 36 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 583 37 deliberately deliberately RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 583 38 engaging engage VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 583 39 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 583 40 unnatural unnatural JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 583 41 acts act NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 583 42 " " '' cord-017675-in9r33ww 584 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 584 2 Associated Associated NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 584 3 Press Press NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 584 4 1995 1995 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 584 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 584 6 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 585 1 Ten ten CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 585 2 years year NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 585 3 later later RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 585 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 585 5 he -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 585 6 had have VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 585 7 this this DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 585 8 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 585 9 say say VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 585 10 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 585 11 " " `` cord-017675-in9r33ww 585 12 It -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 585 13 had have VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 585 14 been be VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 585 15 my -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 585 16 feeling feeling NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 585 17 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 585 18 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 585 19 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 585 20 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 585 21 disease disease NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 585 22 largely largely RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 585 23 spread spread VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 585 24 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 585 25 reckless reckless JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 585 26 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 585 27 voluntary voluntary JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 585 28 sexual sexual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 585 29 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 585 30 drug drug NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 585 31 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 585 32 abusing abuse VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 585 33 behavior behavior NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 585 34 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 585 35 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 585 36 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 585 37 it -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 585 38 would would MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 585 39 probably probably RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 585 40 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 585 41 confined confine VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 585 42 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 585 43 those those DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 585 44 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 585 45 high high JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 585 46 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 585 47 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 585 48 populations population NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 585 49 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 586 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 586 2 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 586 3 wrong wrong JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 586 4 " " '' cord-017675-in9r33ww 586 5 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 587 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 587 2 1990 1990 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 587 3 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 587 4 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 587 5 US US NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 587 6 Centers Centers NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 587 7 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 587 8 Disease Disease NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 587 9 Control Control NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 587 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 587 11 CDC CDC NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 587 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 587 13 recommended recommend VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 587 14 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 587 15 all all DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 587 16 diseases disease NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 587 17 except except IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 587 18 active active JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 587 19 tuberculosis tuberculosis NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 587 20 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 587 21 removed remove VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 587 22 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 587 23 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 587 24 list list NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 587 25 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 587 26 excludable excludable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 587 27 conditions condition NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 587 28 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 588 1 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 588 2 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 588 3 left leave VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 588 4 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 588 5 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 588 6 list list NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 588 7 because because IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 588 8 it -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 588 9 had have VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 588 10 been be VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 588 11 put put VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 588 12 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 588 13 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 588 14 list list NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 588 15 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 588 16 Congress Congress NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 588 17 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 589 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 589 2 November November NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 589 3 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 589 4 political political JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 589 5 history history NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 589 6 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 589 7 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 589 8 US US NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 589 9 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 589 10 travel travel NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 589 11 restrictions restriction NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 589 12 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 589 13 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 589 14 interesting interesting JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 589 15 story story NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 589 16 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 590 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 590 2 zen zen NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 590 3 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 590 4 permanent permanent JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 590 5 resident resident NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 590 6 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 590 7 have have VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 590 8 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 590 9 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 590 10 States States NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 590 11 citizen citizen NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 590 12 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 590 13 lawful lawful JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 590 14 permanent permanent JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 590 15 resi-1990 resi-1990 NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 590 16 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 590 17 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 590 18 Immigration Immigration NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 590 19 Reform Reform NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 590 20 Act Act NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 590 21 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 590 22 1990 1990 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 590 23 directed direct VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 590 24 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 590 25 CDC CDC NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 590 26 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 590 27 establish establish VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 590 28 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 590 29 new new JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 590 30 list list NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 590 31 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 590 32 excludable excludable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 590 33 conditions condition NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 590 34 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 590 35 based base VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 590 36 solely solely RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 590 37 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 590 38 current current JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 590 39 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 590 40 principles principle NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 590 41 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 590 42 medical medical JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 590 43 standards standard NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 590 44 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 591 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 591 2 January January NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 591 3 1991 1991 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 591 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 591 5 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 591 6 CDC CDC NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 591 7 again again RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 591 8 proposed propose VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 591 9 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 591 10 only only RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 591 11 active active JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 591 12 tuberculosis tuberculosis NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 591 13 remain remain VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 591 14 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 591 15 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 591 16 list list NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 591 17 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 591 18 excludable excludable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 591 19 conditions condition NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 591 20 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 592 1 Religious religious JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 592 2 leaders leader NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 592 3 campaigned campaign VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 592 4 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 592 5 maintain maintain VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 592 6 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 592 7 ban ban NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 592 8 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 592 9 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 592 10 US US NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 592 11 House House NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 592 12 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 592 13 Representatives Representatives NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 592 14 opposed oppose VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 592 15 removing remove VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 592 16 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 592 17 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 592 18 ban ban NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 592 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 592 20 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 592 21 Treatment Treatment NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 592 22 News News NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 592 23 1991 1991 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 592 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 592 25 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 593 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 593 2 August August NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 593 3 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 593 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 593 5 Democratic Democratic NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 593 6 Representatives Representatives NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 593 7 Barbara Barbara NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 593 8 Lee Lee NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 593 9 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 593 10 Hilda Hilda NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 593 11 Solis Solis NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 593 12 introduced introduce VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 593 13 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 593 14 " " `` cord-017675-in9r33ww 593 15 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 593 16 Nondiscrimination Nondiscrimination NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 593 17 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 593 18 Travel Travel NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 593 19 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 593 20 Immigration Immigration NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 593 21 Act Act NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 593 22 " " '' cord-017675-in9r33ww 593 23 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 594 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 594 2 proposed proposed JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 594 3 legislation legislation NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 594 4 would would MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 594 5 restore restore VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 594 6 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 594 7 authority authority NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 594 8 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 594 9 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 594 10 Secretary Secretary NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 594 11 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 594 12 Health Health NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 594 13 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 594 14 Human Human NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 594 15 Services Services NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 594 16 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 594 17 determine determine VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 594 18 whether whether IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 594 19 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 594 20 status status NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 594 21 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 594 22 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 594 23 communicable communicable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 594 24 disease disease NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 594 25 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 594 26 public public JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 594 27 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 594 28 significance significance NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 594 29 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 595 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 595 2 decision decision NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 595 3 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 595 4 maintain maintain VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 595 5 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 595 6 remove remove VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 595 7 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 595 8 ban ban NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 595 9 would would MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 595 10 then then RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 595 11 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 595 12 based base VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 595 13 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 595 14 public public JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 595 15 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 595 16 analysis analysis NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 595 17 instead instead RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 595 18 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 595 19 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 595 20 formal formal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 595 21 ban ban NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 595 22 made make VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 595 23 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 595 24 Congress Congress NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 595 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 595 26 Latino Latino NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 595 27 Commission Commission NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 595 28 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 595 29 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 595 30 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 595 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 595 32 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 596 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 596 2 November November NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 596 3 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 596 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 596 5 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 596 6 US US NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 596 7 Department Department NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 596 8 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 596 9 Homeland Homeland NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 596 10 Security Security NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 596 11 proposed propose VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 596 12 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 596 13 new new JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 596 14 rule rule NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 596 15 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 596 16 would would MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 596 17 allow allow VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 596 18 short short JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 596 19 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 596 20 term term NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 596 21 visas visa NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 596 22 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 596 23 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 596 24 granted grant VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 596 25 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 596 26 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 596 27 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 596 28 positive positive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 596 29 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 596 30 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 596 31 US US NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 596 32 consulates consulate NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 596 33 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 596 34 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 596 35 home home NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 596 36 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 596 37 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 597 1 However however RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 597 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 597 3 applicants applicant NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 597 4 would would MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 597 5 have have VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 597 6 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 597 7 agree agree VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 597 8 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 597 9 conditions condition NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 597 10 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 597 11 including include VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 597 12 ceding cede VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 597 13 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 597 14 right right NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 597 15 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 597 16 apply apply VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 597 17 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 597 18 longer long JJR cord-017675-in9r33ww 597 19 stays stay NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 597 20 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 597 21 permanent permanent JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 597 22 residency residency NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 597 23 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 597 24 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 597 25 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 597 26 States States NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 597 27 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 598 1 Democratic democratic JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 598 2 members member NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 598 3 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 598 4 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 598 5 US US NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 598 6 House House NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 598 7 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 598 8 Representatives Representatives NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 598 9 objected object VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 598 10 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 598 11 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 598 12 changes change NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 598 13 would would MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 598 14 only only RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 598 15 shift shift VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 598 16 decision decision NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 598 17 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 598 18 making make VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 598 19 authority authority NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 598 20 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 598 21 local local JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 598 22 consular consular JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 598 23 officers officer NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 598 24 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 598 25 who who WP cord-017675-in9r33ww 598 26 may may MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 598 27 lack lack VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 598 28 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 598 29 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 598 30 medical medical JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 598 31 expertise expertise NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 598 32 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 599 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 599 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 599 3 there there EX cord-017675-in9r33ww 599 4 would would MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 599 5 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 599 6 no no DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 599 7 appeal appeal NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 599 8 process process NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 599 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 599 10 Werner Werner NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 599 11 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 599 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 599 13 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 600 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 600 2 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 600 3 States States NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 600 4 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 600 5 Canada Canada NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 600 6 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 600 7 similar similar JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 600 8 societies society NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 600 9 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 600 10 both both CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 600 11 culturally culturally RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 600 12 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 600 13 economically economically RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 600 14 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 600 15 but but CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 600 16 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 600 17 adopted adopt VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 600 18 very very RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 600 19 different different JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 600 20 approaches approach NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 600 21 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 600 22 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 600 23 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 600 24 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 600 25 travel travel NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 600 26 restrictions restriction NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 600 27 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 601 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 601 2 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 601 3 prevalence prevalence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 601 4 rate rate NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 601 5 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 601 6 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 601 7 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 601 8 States States NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 601 9 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 601 10 higher high JJR cord-017675-in9r33ww 601 11 than than IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 601 12 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 601 13 Canada Canada NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 601 14 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 602 1 This this DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 602 2 suggests suggest VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 602 3 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 602 4 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 602 5 US US NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 602 6 travel travel NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 602 7 restriction restriction NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 602 8 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 602 9 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 602 10 been be VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 602 11 effective effective JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 602 12 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 602 13 preventing prevent VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 602 14 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 602 15 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 602 16 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 602 17 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 602 18 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 602 19 States States NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 602 20 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 602 21 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 602 22 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 602 23 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 602 24 lack lack NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 602 25 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 602 26 such such PDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 602 27 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 602 28 restriction restriction NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 602 29 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 602 30 Canada Canada NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 602 31 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 602 32 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 602 33 had have VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 602 34 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 602 35 effect effect NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 602 36 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 602 37 increasing increase VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 602 38 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 602 39 prevalence prevalence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 602 40 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 603 1 Health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 603 2 care care NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 603 3 costs cost NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 603 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 603 5 measured measure VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 603 6 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 603 7 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 603 8 percentage percentage NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 603 9 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 603 10 GDP gdp NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 603 11 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 603 12 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 603 13 also also RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 603 14 higher high JJR cord-017675-in9r33ww 603 15 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 603 16 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 603 17 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 603 18 States States NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 603 19 than than IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 603 20 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 603 21 Canada Canada NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 603 22 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 1 While while IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 2 this this DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 3 difference difference NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 4 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 5 attributable attributable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 6 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 7 many many JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 8 factors factor NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 9 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 10 making make VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 11 it -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 12 difficult difficult JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 13 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 14 determine determine VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 15 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 16 impact impact NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 17 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 18 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 19 different different JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 20 travel travel NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 21 restriction restriction NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 22 policies policy NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 23 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 24 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 25 care care NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 26 costs cost NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 27 without without IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 28 further further JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 29 study study NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 30 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 31 it -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 32 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 33 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 34 indication indication NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 35 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 36 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 37 Canadian canadian JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 38 approach approach NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 39 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 40 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 41 led lead VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 42 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 43 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 44 significant significant JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 45 increase increase NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 46 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 47 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 48 care care NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 49 costs cost NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 50 compared compare VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 51 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 52 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 53 American american JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 54 approach approach NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 604 55 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 605 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 605 2 2003 2003 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 605 3 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 605 4 Americans Americans NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 605 5 spent spend VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 605 6 USD USD NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 605 7 5,711 5,711 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 605 8 per per IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 605 9 capita capita NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 605 10 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 605 11 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 605 12 care care NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 605 13 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 605 14 compared compare VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 605 15 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 605 16 USD usd NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 605 17 2,998 2,998 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 605 18 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 605 19 Canada Canada NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 605 20 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 606 1 Americans Americans NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 606 2 spent spend VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 606 3 15.2 15.2 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 606 4 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 606 5 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 606 6 GDP GDP NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 606 7 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 606 8 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 606 9 care care NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 606 10 compared compare VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 606 11 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 606 12 9.9 9.9 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 606 13 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 606 14 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 606 15 GDP GDP NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 606 16 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 606 17 Canada Canada NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 606 18 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 607 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 607 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 607 3 this this DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 607 4 gap gap NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 607 5 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 607 6 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 607 7 always always RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 607 8 there there RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 607 9 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 608 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 608 2 1970 1970 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 608 3 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 608 4 both both DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 608 5 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 608 6 spent spend VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 608 7 exactly exactly RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 608 8 7.0 7.0 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 608 9 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 608 10 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 608 11 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 608 12 respective respective JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 608 13 GDP gdp NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 608 14 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 608 15 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 608 16 care care NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 608 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 608 18 OECD OECD NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 608 19 2006 2006 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 608 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 608 21 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 609 1 Another another DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 609 2 factor factor NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 609 3 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 609 4 suggests suggest VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 609 5 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 609 6 US US NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 609 7 travel travel NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 609 8 restrictions restriction NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 609 9 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 609 10 unlikely unlikely JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 609 11 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 609 12 prove prove VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 609 13 successful successful JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 609 14 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 609 15 illegal illegal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 609 16 immigration immigration NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 609 17 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 610 1 There there EX cord-017675-in9r33ww 610 2 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 610 3 several several JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 610 4 million million CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 610 5 illegal illegal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 610 6 entries entry NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 610 7 into into IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 610 8 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 610 9 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 610 10 States States NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 610 11 each each DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 610 12 year year NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 610 13 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 611 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 611 2 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 611 3 obviously obviously RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 611 4 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 611 5 screened screen VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 611 6 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 612 1 Thus thus RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 612 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 612 3 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 612 4 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 612 5 practical practical JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 612 6 point point NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 612 7 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 612 8 view view NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 612 9 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 612 10 travel travel NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 612 11 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 612 12 immigration immigration NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 612 13 restrictions restriction NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 612 14 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 612 15 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 612 16 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 612 17 positive positive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 612 18 individuals individual NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 612 19 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 612 20 unlikely unlikely JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 612 21 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 612 22 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 612 23 effective effective JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 612 24 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 612 25 preventing prevent VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 612 26 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 612 27 entry entry NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 612 28 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 612 29 many many JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 612 30 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 612 31 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 612 32 positive positive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 612 33 individuals individual NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 612 34 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 612 35 may may MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 612 36 provide provide VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 612 37 additional additional JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 612 38 incentives incentive NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 612 39 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 612 40 some some DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 612 41 individuals individual NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 612 42 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 612 43 migrate migrate VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 612 44 illegally illegally RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 612 45 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 2 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 3 Nations Nations NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 4 International International NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 5 Guidelines Guidelines NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 6 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 7 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 8 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 9 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 10 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 11 Human Human NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 12 Rights Rights NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 13 recommend recommend VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 14 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 15 States state NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 16 enact enact VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 17 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 18 strengthen strengthen VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 19 anti anti JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 20 - - JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 21 discrimination discrimination JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 22 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 23 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 24 protect protect VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 25 vulnerable vulnerable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 26 groups group NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 27 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 28 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 29 living live VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 30 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 31 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 32 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 33 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 34 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 35 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 36 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 37 disabilities disability NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 38 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 39 discrimination discrimination NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 40 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 41 both both CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 42 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 43 public public JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 44 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 45 private private JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 46 sectors sector NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 47 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 48 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 49 provide provide VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 50 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 51 speedy speedy JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 52 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 53 effective effective JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 54 administrative administrative JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 55 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 56 civil civil JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 57 remedies remedy NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 58 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 59 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 60 Nations Nations NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 61 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 62 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 613 63 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 614 1 Human human JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 614 2 rights right NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 614 3 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 614 4 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 614 5 many many JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 614 6 jurisdictions jurisdiction NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 614 7 prohibit prohibit VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 614 8 discrimination discrimination NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 614 9 against against IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 614 10 vulnerable vulnerable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 614 11 groups group NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 614 12 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 614 13 against against IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 614 14 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 614 15 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 614 16 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 614 17 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 614 18 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 614 19 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 614 20 as as RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 614 21 well well RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 614 22 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 614 23 providing provide VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 614 24 other other JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 614 25 rights right NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 614 26 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 614 27 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 614 28 relevant relevant JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 614 29 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 614 30 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 614 31 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 614 32 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 614 33 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 614 34 such such JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 614 35 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 614 36 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 614 37 right right NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 614 38 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 614 39 life life NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 614 40 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 614 41 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 614 42 right right NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 614 43 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 614 44 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 614 45 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 615 1 Human human JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 615 2 rights right NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 615 3 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 615 4 fall fall VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 615 5 into into IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 615 6 two two CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 615 7 categories category NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 615 8 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 616 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 616 2 first first JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 616 3 category category NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 616 4 applies apply VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 616 5 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 616 6 governments government NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 616 7 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 616 8 prohibiting prohibit VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 616 9 governments government NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 616 10 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 616 11 passing pass VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 616 12 discriminatory discriminatory JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 616 13 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 616 14 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 616 15 requiring require VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 616 16 governments government NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 616 17 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 616 18 uphold uphold VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 616 19 certain certain JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 616 20 human human JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 616 21 rights right NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 616 22 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 617 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 617 2 second second JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 617 3 category category NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 617 4 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 617 5 human human JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 617 6 rights right NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 617 7 law law NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 617 8 prohibits prohibit VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 617 9 discrimination discrimination NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 617 10 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 617 11 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 617 12 part part NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 617 13 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 617 14 private private JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 617 15 actors actor NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 617 16 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 617 17 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 617 18 example example NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 617 19 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 617 20 respect respect NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 617 21 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 617 22 employment employment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 617 23 practices practice NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 617 24 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 617 25 rental rental NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 617 26 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 617 27 housing housing NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 617 28 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 618 1 While while IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 618 2 it -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 618 3 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 618 4 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 618 5 possible possible JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 618 6 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 618 7 eliminate eliminate VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 618 8 individual individual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 618 9 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 618 10 societal societal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 618 11 prejudices prejudice NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 618 12 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 618 13 legislation legislation NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 618 14 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 618 15 human human JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 618 16 rights right NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 618 17 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 618 18 provide provide VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 618 19 victims victim NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 618 20 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 618 21 discrimination discrimination NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 618 22 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 618 23 legal legal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 618 24 recourse recourse NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 618 25 against against IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 618 26 acts act NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 618 27 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 618 28 discrimination discrimination NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 618 29 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 618 30 create create VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 618 31 economic economic JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 618 32 disincentives disincentive NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 618 33 through through IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 618 34 fines fine NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 618 35 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 618 36 other other JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 618 37 legal legal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 618 38 remedies remedy NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 618 39 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 618 40 thereby thereby RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 618 41 contributing contribute VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 618 42 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 618 43 social social JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 618 44 change change NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 618 45 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 619 1 Canada Canada NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 619 2 provides provide VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 619 3 one one CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 619 4 example example NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 619 5 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 619 6 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 619 7 sources source NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 619 8 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 619 9 functioning functioning NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 619 10 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 619 11 human human JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 619 12 rights right NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 619 13 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 619 14 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 1 Section section NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 2 15 15 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 3 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 4 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 5 Canadian Canadian NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 6 Charter Charter NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 7 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 8 Rights Rights NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 9 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 10 Freedoms freedom NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 11 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 12 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 13 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 14 part part NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 15 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 16 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 17 Constitution Constitution NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 18 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 19 Canada Canada NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 20 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 21 guarantees guarantee VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 22 equality equality NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 23 rights right NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 24 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 25 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 26 following follow VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 27 terms term NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 28 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 29 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 30 equal equal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 31 protection protection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 32 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 33 equal equal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 34 benefit benefit NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 35 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 36 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 37 law law NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 38 without without IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 39 discrimination discrimination NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 40 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 41 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 42 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 43 particular particular JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 44 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 45 without without IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 46 discrimination discrimination NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 47 based base VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 48 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 49 race race NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 50 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 51 national national JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 52 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 53 ethnic ethnic JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 54 origin origin NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 55 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 56 colour colour NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 57 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 58 religion religion NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 59 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 60 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 61 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 62 age age NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 63 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 64 mental mental JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 65 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 66 physical physical JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 67 disability disability NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 620 68 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 621 1 Canadian canadian JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 621 2 courts court NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 621 3 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 621 4 interpreted interpret VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 621 5 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 621 6 term term NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 621 7 " " `` cord-017675-in9r33ww 621 8 disability disability NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 621 9 " " '' cord-017675-in9r33ww 621 10 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 621 11 include include VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 621 12 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 621 13 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 621 14 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 621 15 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 621 16 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 621 17 means mean VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 621 18 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 621 19 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 621 20 living live VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 621 21 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 621 22 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 621 23 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 621 24 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 621 25 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 621 26 constitutional constitutional JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 621 27 protection protection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 621 28 listed list VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 621 29 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 621 30 but but CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 621 31 also also RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 621 32 covers cover VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 621 33 analogous analogous JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 621 34 grounds ground NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 621 35 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 621 36 such such JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 621 37 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 621 38 sexual sexual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 621 39 orientation orientation NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 621 40 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 622 1 Any any DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 622 2 law law NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 622 3 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 622 4 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 622 5 inconsistent inconsistent JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 622 6 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 622 7 constitutional constitutional JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 622 8 provisions provision NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 622 9 may may MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 622 10 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 622 11 struck strike VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 622 12 down down RP cord-017675-in9r33ww 622 13 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 622 14 interpreted interpret VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 622 15 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 622 16 courts court NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 622 17 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 622 18 make make VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 622 19 it -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 622 20 consistent consistent JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 622 21 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 622 22 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 622 23 constitution constitution NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 622 24 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 623 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 623 2 Charter Charter NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 623 3 applies apply VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 623 4 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 623 5 all all DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 623 6 levels level NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 623 7 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 623 8 branches branch NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 623 9 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 623 10 government government NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 623 11 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 623 12 all all DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 623 13 government government NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 623 14 acts act VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 623 15 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 623 16 government government NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 623 17 corporations corporation NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 623 18 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 623 19 ment ment VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 623 20 government government NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 623 21 policies policy NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 623 22 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 623 23 programs program NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 623 24 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 624 1 However however RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 624 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 624 3 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 624 4 Charter Charter NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 624 5 does do VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 624 6 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 624 7 otherwise otherwise RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 624 8 apply apply VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 624 9 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 624 10 acts act NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 624 11 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 624 12 private private JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 624 13 citizens citizen NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 624 14 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 625 1 Instead instead RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 625 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 625 3 discrimination discrimination NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 625 4 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 625 5 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 625 6 employer employer NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 625 7 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 625 8 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 625 9 landlord landlord NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 625 10 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 625 11 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 625 12 private private JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 625 13 business business NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 625 14 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 625 15 addressed address VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 625 16 under under IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 625 17 other other JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 625 18 federal federal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 625 19 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 625 20 provincial provincial JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 625 21 human human JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 625 22 rights right NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 625 23 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 625 24 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 625 25 such such JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 625 26 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 625 27 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 625 28 Canadian Canadian NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 625 29 Human Human NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 625 30 Rights Rights NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 625 31 Act Act NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 625 32 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 625 33 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 625 34 apply apply VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 625 35 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 625 36 both both CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 625 37 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 625 38 public public JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 625 39 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 625 40 private private JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 625 41 sectors sector NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 625 42 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 626 1 By by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 626 2 virtue virtue NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 626 3 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 626 4 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 626 5 1996 1996 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 626 6 policy policy NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 626 7 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 626 8 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 626 9 Canadian Canadian NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 626 10 Human Human NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 626 11 Rights Rights NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 626 12 Commission Commission NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 626 13 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 626 14 decisions decision NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 626 15 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 626 16 Canadian canadian JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 626 17 courts court NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 626 18 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 626 19 tribunals tribunal NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 626 20 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 626 21 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 626 22 prohibition prohibition NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 626 23 against against IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 626 24 disability disability NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 626 25 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 626 26 based base VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 626 27 discrimination discrimination NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 626 28 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 626 29 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 626 30 Every every DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 626 31 individual individual NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 626 32 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 626 33 equal equal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 626 34 before before IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 626 35 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 626 36 under under IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 626 37 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 626 38 law law NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 626 39 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 626 40 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 626 41 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 626 42 right right NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 626 43 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 626 44 against against IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 626 45 discrimination discrimination NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 626 46 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 626 47 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 626 48 State State NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 626 49 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 627 1 Section section NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 627 2 15 15 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 627 3 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 627 4 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 627 5 limited limited JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 627 6 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 627 7 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 627 8 grounds ground NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 627 9 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 627 10 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 627 11 private private JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 627 12 persons person NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 627 13 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 627 14 bodies body NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 627 15 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 627 16 exercise exercise VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 627 17 authority authority NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 627 18 granted grant VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 627 19 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 627 20 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 627 21 statute statute NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 627 22 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 627 23 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 627 24 imple imple NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 627 25 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 627 26 Canadian Canadian NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 627 27 Human Human NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 627 28 Rights Rights NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 627 29 Act Act NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 627 30 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 627 31 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 627 32 provincial provincial JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 627 33 counterparts counterpart NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 627 34 cover cover VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 627 35 discrimination discrimination NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 627 36 based base VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 627 37 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 627 38 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 627 39 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 627 40 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 627 41 status status NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 627 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 627 43 Elliott Elliott NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 627 44 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 627 45 Gold Gold NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 627 46 2005 2005 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 627 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 627 48 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 628 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 628 2 remainder remainder NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 628 3 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 628 4 this this DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 628 5 section section NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 628 6 provides provide VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 628 7 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 628 8 overview overview NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 628 9 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 628 10 court court NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 628 11 cases case NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 628 12 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 628 13 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 628 14 variety variety NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 628 15 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 628 16 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 628 17 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 628 18 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 628 19 applied apply VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 628 20 constitutional constitutional JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 628 21 law law NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 628 22 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 628 23 international international JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 628 24 law law NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 628 25 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 628 26 other other JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 628 27 legislation legislation NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 628 28 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 628 29 uphold uphold VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 628 30 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 628 31 rights right NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 628 32 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 628 33 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 628 34 living live VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 628 35 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 628 36 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 628 37 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 628 38 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 628 39 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 628 40 respect respect NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 628 41 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 628 42 employment employment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 628 43 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 628 44 access access NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 628 45 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 628 46 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 628 47 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 628 48 related relate VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 628 49 medical medical JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 628 50 care care NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 628 51 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 628 52 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 628 53 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 2 March March NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 3 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 5 Mexico Mexico NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 6 's 's POS cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 7 National National NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 8 Supreme Supreme NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 9 Court Court NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 10 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 11 Justice Justice NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 12 ruled rule VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 13 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 14 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 15 provision provision NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 16 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 17 article article NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 18 226 226 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 19 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 20 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 21 Social Social NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 22 Security Security NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 23 Institute Institute NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 24 Law Law NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 25 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 26 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 27 Armed Armed NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 28 Forces Forces NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 30 ISSFAM ISSFAM NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 32 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 33 required require VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 34 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 35 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 36 positive positive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 37 individuals individual NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 38 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 39 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 40 discharged discharge VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 41 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 42 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 43 military military NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 44 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 45 unconstitutional unconstitutional JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 46 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 47 because because IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 48 it -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 49 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 50 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 51 based base VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 52 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 53 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 54 individual individual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 55 assessment assessment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 56 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 57 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 58 pering pere VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 59 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 60 living live VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 61 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 62 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 63 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 64 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 629 65 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 630 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 630 2 Court Court NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 630 3 ordered order VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 630 4 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 630 5 three three CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 630 6 soldiers soldier NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 630 7 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 630 8 reinduty reinduty JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 630 9 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 630 10 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 630 11 would would MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 630 12 include include VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 630 13 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 630 14 obligation obligation NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 630 15 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 630 16 reinstate reinstate VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 630 17 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 630 18 social social JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 630 19 security security NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 630 20 benefits benefit NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 630 21 With with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 630 22 respect respect NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 630 23 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 630 24 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 630 25 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 630 26 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 630 27 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 630 28 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 630 29 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 630 30 South South NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 630 31 Africa Africa NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 630 32 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 630 33 Latin Latin NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 630 34 America America NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 630 35 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 630 36 provide provide VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 630 37 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 630 38 Action Action NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 630 39 Campaign campaign NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 631 1 used use VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 631 2 this this DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 631 3 provision provision NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 631 4 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 631 5 challenge challenge VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 631 6 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 631 7 government government NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 631 8 's 's POS cord-017675-in9r33ww 631 9 program program NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 631 10 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 631 11 limited limit VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 631 12 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 631 13 use use NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 631 14 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 631 15 nevirapine nevirapine NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 631 16 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 631 17 prevent prevent VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 631 18 mother mother NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 631 19 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 631 20 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 631 21 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 631 22 child child NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 631 23 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 631 24 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 631 25 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 631 26 18 18 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 631 27 test test NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 631 28 sites site NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 631 29 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 632 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 632 2 court court NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 632 3 ruled rule VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 632 4 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 632 5 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 632 6 government government NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 632 7 's 's POS cord-017675-in9r33ww 632 8 restriction restriction NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 632 9 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 632 10 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 632 11 use use NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 632 12 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 632 13 nevirapine nevirapine NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 632 14 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 632 15 unreasonable unreasonable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 632 16 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 632 17 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 632 18 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 632 19 policy policy NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 632 20 should should MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 632 21 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 632 22 reformed reform VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 632 23 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 632 24 meet meet VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 632 25 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 632 26 government government NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 632 27 's 's POS cord-017675-in9r33ww 632 28 constitutional constitutional JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 632 29 obligation obligation NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 632 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 632 31 Singh Singh NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 632 32 et et NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 632 33 al al NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 632 34 . . NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 632 35 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 632 36 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 632 37 ; ; . cord-017675-in9r33ww 633 1 Elliot Elliot NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 633 2 et et NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 633 3 al al NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 633 4 . . NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 633 5 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 633 6 2006 2006 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 633 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 633 8 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 634 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 634 2 Argentina Argentina NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 634 3 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 634 4 five five CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 634 5 court court NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 634 6 cases case NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 634 7 between between IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 634 8 1996 1996 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 634 9 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 634 10 2003 2003 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 634 11 repeatedly repeatedly RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 634 12 ordered order VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 634 13 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 634 14 Argentine Argentine NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 634 15 Ministry Ministry NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 634 16 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 634 17 Health Health NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 634 18 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 634 19 supply supply VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 634 20 antiretroviral antiretroviral JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 634 21 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 634 22 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 634 23 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 634 24 living live VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 634 25 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 634 26 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 634 27 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 634 28 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 634 29 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 634 30 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 634 31 accordance accordance NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 634 32 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 634 33 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 634 34 right right NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 634 35 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 634 36 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 634 37 set set VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 634 38 out out RP cord-017675-in9r33ww 634 39 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 634 40 international international JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 634 41 treaties treaty NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 634 42 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 634 43 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 634 44 had have VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 634 45 been be VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 634 46 incorporated incorporate VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 634 47 into into IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 634 48 domestic domestic JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 634 49 law law NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 634 50 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 2 failure failure NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 3 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 4 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 5 Ministry Ministry NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 6 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 7 Health Health NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 8 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 9 act act VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 10 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 11 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 12 timely timely JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 13 fashion fashion NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 14 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 15 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 16 led lead VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 17 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 18 interruptions interruption NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 19 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 20 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 21 supply supply NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 22 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 23 antiretroviral antiretroviral JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 24 drugs drug NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 25 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 26 ultimately ultimately RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 27 led lead VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 28 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 29 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 30 court court NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 31 order order NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 32 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 33 would would MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 34 fine fine VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 35 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 36 Ministry Ministry NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 37 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 38 Health Health NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 39 USD USD NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 40 1,000 1,000 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 41 per per IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 42 day day NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 44 funds fund NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 45 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 46 would would MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 47 then then RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 48 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 49 used use VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 50 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 51 implement implement VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 52 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 53 national national JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 54 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 55 plan plan NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 57 until until IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 58 it -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 59 complied comply VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 60 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 61 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 62 courts court NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 63 ' ' POS cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 64 previous previous JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 65 orders order NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 66 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 67 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 68 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 69 threat threat NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 70 right right RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 71 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 72 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 73 care care NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 74 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 75 been be VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 76 used use VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 77 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 78 induce induce VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 79 governments government NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 80 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 81 provide provide VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 82 access access NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 83 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 84 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 85 equality equality NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 86 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 87 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 88 inconsistent inconsistent JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 89 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 90 Mexico Mexico NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 91 's 's POS cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 92 international international JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 93 obligations obligation NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 94 regardvides regardvide VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 95 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 96 right right NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 97 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 98 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 99 care care NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 100 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 101 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 102 binding bind VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 103 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 104 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 105 government government NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 635 106 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 636 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 636 2 Treatment Treatment NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 636 3 Mexico Mexico NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 636 4 's 's POS cord-017675-in9r33ww 636 5 National National NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 636 6 Supreme Supreme NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 636 7 Court Court NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 636 8 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 636 9 Justice Justice NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 636 10 ruled rule VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 636 11 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 636 12 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 636 13 fifth fifth JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 636 14 time time NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 636 15 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 636 16 this this DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 636 17 provision provision NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 636 18 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 636 19 unconstitutional unconstitutional JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 636 20 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 636 21 thereby thereby RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 636 22 creating create VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 636 23 jurisprudence jurisprudence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 636 24 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 636 25 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 636 26 binding bind VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 636 27 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 636 28 all all DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 636 29 federal federal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 636 30 son son NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 636 31 's 's POS cord-017675-in9r33ww 636 32 ability ability NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 636 33 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 636 34 work work VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 636 35 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 636 36 violated violate VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 636 37 constitutional constitutional JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 636 38 protections protection NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 636 39 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 636 40 non non JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 636 41 - - JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 636 42 discrimination discrimination JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 636 43 judges judge NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 636 44 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 636 45 Mexico Mexico NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 636 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 636 47 Avilés Avilés NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 636 48 Allende Allende NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 636 49 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 636 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 636 51 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 637 1 Table table NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 637 2 9 9 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 637 3 .8 .8 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 637 4 summarizes summarize VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 637 5 several several JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 637 6 other other JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 637 7 antiretroviral antiretroviral JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 637 8 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 638 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 638 2 Gruskin Gruskin NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 638 3 et et FW cord-017675-in9r33ww 638 4 al al NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 638 5 . . NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 638 6 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 638 7 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 638 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 638 9 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 639 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 639 2 South south JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 639 3 African african JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 639 4 constitution constitution NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 639 5 pro pro NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 639 6 - - NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 639 7 cases case NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 639 8 involving involve VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 639 9 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 639 10 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 639 11 related relate VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 639 12 discrimination discrimination NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 639 13 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 639 14 employment employment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 639 15 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 639 16 various various JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 639 17 juris- juris- NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 640 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 640 2 Pearshouse Pearshouse NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 640 3 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 640 4 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 640 5 Medina Medina NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 640 6 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 640 7 Reyes Reyes NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 640 8 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 640 9 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 640 10 SCJN SCJN NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 640 11 2007a 2007a CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 640 12 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 640 13 b b LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 640 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 640 15 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 641 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 641 2 September September NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 641 3 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 641 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 641 5 dictions diction NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 641 6 around around IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 641 7 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 641 8 world world NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 641 9 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 642 1 stated state VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 642 2 until until IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 642 3 medical medical JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 642 4 certificates certificate NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 642 5 were be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 642 6 issued issue VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 642 7 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 642 8 determine determine VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 642 9 whether whether IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 642 10 they -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 642 11 were be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 642 12 fit fit JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 642 13 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 642 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 642 15 Elliot Elliot NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 642 16 et et NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 642 17 al al NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 642 18 . . NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 642 19 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 642 20 2006 2006 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 642 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 642 22 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 1 An an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 2 Argentine argentine JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 3 court court NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 4 also also RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 5 relied rely VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 6 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 7 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 8 right right NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 9 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 10 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 11 set set VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 12 out out RP cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 13 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 14 international international JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 15 treaties treaty NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 16 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 17 order order VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 18 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 19 government government NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 20 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 21 produce produce VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 22 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 23 administer administer VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 24 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 25 vaccine vaccine NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 26 within within IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 27 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 28 set set JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 29 period period NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 30 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 31 time time NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 32 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 33 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 34 order order NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 35 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 36 protect protect VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 37 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 38 living live VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 39 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 40 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 41 region region NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 42 affected affect VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 43 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 44 Argentine argentine JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 45 haemorrhagic haemorrhagic JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 46 fever fever NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 48 Singh Singh NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 49 et et NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 50 al al NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 51 . . NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 52 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 53 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 54 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 643 55 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 644 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 644 2 constitutional constitutional JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 644 3 court court NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 644 4 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 644 5 Ecuador Ecuador NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 644 6 relied rely VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 644 7 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 644 8 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 644 9 right right NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 644 10 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 644 11 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 644 12 set set VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 644 13 out out RP cord-017675-in9r33ww 644 14 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 644 15 international international JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 644 16 treaties treaty NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 644 17 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 644 18 rule rule VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 644 19 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 644 20 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 644 21 Ministry Ministry NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 644 22 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 644 23 Health Health NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 644 24 had have VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 644 25 failed fail VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 644 26 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 644 27 meet meet VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 644 28 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 644 29 obligations obligation NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 644 30 when when WRB cord-017675-in9r33ww 644 31 it -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 644 32 suspended suspend VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 644 33 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 644 34 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 644 35 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 644 36 program program NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 644 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 644 38 Singh Singh NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 644 39 et et NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 644 40 al al NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 644 41 . . NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 644 42 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 644 43 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 644 44 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 644 45 Elliot Elliot NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 644 46 et et NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 644 47 al al NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 644 48 . . NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 644 49 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 644 50 2006 2006 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 644 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 644 52 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 645 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 645 2 Costa Costa NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 645 3 Rica Rica NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 645 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 645 5 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 645 6 Supreme Supreme NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 645 7 Court Court NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 645 8 ruled rule VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 645 9 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 645 10 1997 1997 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 645 11 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 645 12 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 645 13 Costa costa JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 645 14 Rican rican JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 645 15 Social Social NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 645 16 Security Security NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 645 17 Fund Fund NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 645 18 could could MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 645 19 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 645 20 argue argue VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 645 21 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 645 22 financial financial JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 645 23 constraints constraint NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 645 24 justified justify VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 645 25 failure failure NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 645 26 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 645 27 comply comply VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 645 28 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 645 29 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 645 30 very very JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 645 31 reason reason NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 645 32 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 645 33 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 645 34 existence existence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 645 35 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 645 36 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 645 37 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 645 38 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 645 39 provide provide VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 645 40 coverage coverage NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 645 41 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 645 42 necessary necessary JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 645 43 medical medical JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 645 44 care care NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 645 45 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 646 1 Shortly shortly RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 646 2 after after IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 646 3 this this DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 646 4 ruling ruling NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 646 5 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 646 6 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 646 7 Supreme Supreme NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 646 8 Court Court NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 646 9 ordered order VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 646 10 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 646 11 Social Social NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 646 12 Security Security NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 646 13 Fund Fund NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 646 14 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 646 15 develop develop VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 646 16 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 646 17 plan plan NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 646 18 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 646 19 provide provide VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 646 20 coverage coverage NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 646 21 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 646 22 all all DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 646 23 persons person NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 646 24 living live VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 646 25 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 646 26 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 646 27 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 646 28 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 646 29 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 646 30 were be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 646 31 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 646 32 need need NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 646 33 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 646 34 antiretroviral antiretroviral JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 646 35 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 646 36 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 647 1 A a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 647 2 few few JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 647 3 weeks week NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 647 4 later later RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 647 5 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 647 6 Costa Costa NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 647 7 Rica Rica NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 647 8 became become VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 647 9 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 647 10 first first JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 647 11 Central central JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 647 12 American american JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 647 13 country country NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 647 14 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 647 15 include include VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 647 16 cov- cov- JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 647 17 2006 2006 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 647 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 647 19 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 648 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 648 2 India India NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 648 3 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 648 4 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 648 5 courts court NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 648 6 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 648 7 interpreted interpret VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 648 8 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 648 9 right right NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 648 10 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 648 11 life life NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 648 12 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 648 13 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 648 14 Indian indian JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 648 15 constitution constitution NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 648 16 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 648 17 sources source NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 648 18 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 648 19 uphold uphold VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 648 20 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 648 21 right right NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 648 22 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 648 23 health health VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 648 24 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 648 25 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 648 26 variety variety NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 648 27 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 648 28 cases case NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 648 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 648 30 Singh Singh NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 648 31 et et NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 648 32 al al NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 648 33 . . NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 648 34 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 648 35 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 648 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 648 37 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 649 1 Table table NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 649 2 9 9 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 649 3 .9 .9 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 649 4 summarizes summarize VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 649 5 several several JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 649 6 other other JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 649 7 cases case NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 649 8 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 649 9 various various JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 649 10 jurisdictions jurisdiction NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 649 11 around around IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 649 12 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 649 13 world world NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 649 14 where where WRB cord-017675-in9r33ww 649 15 litigation litigation NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 649 16 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 649 17 increased increase VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 649 18 access access NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 649 19 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 649 20 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 649 21 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 649 22 related relate VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 649 23 medical medical JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 649 24 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 649 25 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 650 1 These these DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 650 2 cases case NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 650 3 suggest suggest VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 650 4 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 650 5 human human JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 650 6 rights right NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 650 7 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 650 8 can can MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 650 9 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 650 10 instrumental instrumental JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 650 11 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 650 12 promoting promote VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 650 13 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 650 14 care care NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 650 15 reforms reform NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 650 16 through through IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 650 17 litigation litigation NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 650 18 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 650 19 provided provide VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 650 20 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 650 21 judicial judicial JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 650 22 authorities authority NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 650 23 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 650 24 independent independent JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 650 25 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 650 26 competent competent JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 650 27 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 650 28 governments government NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 650 29 respect respect VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 650 30 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 650 31 rule rule NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 650 32 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 650 33 law law NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 650 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 650 35 Singh Singh NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 650 36 et et NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 650 37 al al NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 650 38 . . NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 650 39 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 650 40 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 650 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 650 42 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 651 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 651 2 addition addition NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 651 3 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 651 4 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 651 5 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 651 6 institutionalize institutionalize VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 651 7 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 651 8 prohibit prohibit VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 651 9 discrimination discrimination NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 651 10 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 651 11 institutional institutional JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 651 12 policies policy NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 651 13 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 651 14 practices practice NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 651 15 can can MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 651 16 represent represent VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 651 17 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 651 18 important important JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 651 19 force force NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 651 20 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 651 21 respect respect NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 651 22 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 651 23 stigma stigma NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 651 24 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 651 25 discrimination discrimination NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 651 26 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 651 27 access access NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 651 28 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 651 29 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 651 30 care care NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 651 31 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 2 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 3 Nations Nations NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 4 International International NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 5 Guidelines Guidelines NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 6 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 7 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 8 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 9 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 10 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 11 Human Human NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 12 Rights Rights NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 13 recommend recommend VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 14 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 15 States state NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 16 ensure ensure VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 17 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 18 government government NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 19 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 20 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 21 private private JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 22 sector sector NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 23 develop develop VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 24 codes code NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 25 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 26 conduct conduct NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 27 regarding regard VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 28 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 29 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 30 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 31 issues issue NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 32 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 33 translate translate VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 34 human human JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 35 rights right NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 36 principles principle NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 37 into into IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 38 codes code NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 39 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 40 professional professional JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 41 responsibility responsibility NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 42 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 43 practice practice NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 44 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 45 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 46 accompanying accompany VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 47 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 48 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 49 implement implement VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 50 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 51 enforce enforce VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 52 those those DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 53 codes code NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 652 54 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 653 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 653 2 many many JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 653 3 jurisdictions jurisdiction NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 653 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 653 5 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 653 6 courts court NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 653 7 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 653 8 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 653 9 power power NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 653 10 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 653 11 order order VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 653 12 changes change NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 653 13 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 653 14 policies policy NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 653 15 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 653 16 practices practice NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 653 17 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 653 18 both both CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 653 19 governmental governmental JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 653 20 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 653 21 non non JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 653 22 - - JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 653 23 governmental governmental JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 653 24 institutions institution NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 653 25 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 654 1 However however RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 654 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 654 3 litigation litigation NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 654 4 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 654 5 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 654 6 expensive expensive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 654 7 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 654 8 time time NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 654 9 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 654 10 consuming consume VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 654 11 process process NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 654 12 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 654 13 creates create VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 654 14 additional additional JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 654 15 stress stress NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 654 16 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 654 17 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 654 18 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 654 19 living live VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 654 20 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 654 21 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 654 22 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 654 23 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 654 24 who who WP cord-017675-in9r33ww 654 25 choose choose VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 654 26 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 654 27 litigate litigate VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 654 28 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 655 1 Thus thus RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 655 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 655 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 655 4 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 655 5 important important JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 655 6 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 655 7 promote promote VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 655 8 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 655 9 voluntary voluntary JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 655 10 adoption adoption NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 655 11 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 655 12 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 655 13 policies policy NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 655 14 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 655 15 practices practice NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 655 16 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 656 1 One one CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 656 2 example example NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 656 3 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 656 4 this this DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 656 5 category category NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 656 6 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 656 7 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 656 8 policies policy NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 656 9 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 656 10 practices practice NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 656 11 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 656 12 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 656 13 care care NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 656 14 institutions institution NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 656 15 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 1 For for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 2 example example NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 3 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 4 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 5 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 6 mid mid JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 7 1980s 1980 NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 8 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 9 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 10 British British NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 11 Columbia Columbia NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 12 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 13 Canada Canada NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 14 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 15 all all DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 16 hospitals hospital NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 17 refused refuse VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 18 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 19 treat treat VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 20 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 21 patients patient NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 22 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 23 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 24 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 25 exception exception NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 26 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 27 St. St. NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 28 Paul Paul NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 29 's 's POS cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 30 Hospital Hospital NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 31 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 32 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 33 adopted adopt VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 34 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 35 policies policy NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 36 based base VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 37 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 38 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 39 commitment commitment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 40 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 41 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 42 founding found VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 43 Sisters sister NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 44 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 45 345 345 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 46 include include VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 47 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 48 right right NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 49 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 50 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 51 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 52 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 53 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 54 obliged oblige VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 55 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 56 Indian indian JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 57 government government NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 58 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 59 dedicate dedicate VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 60 re re NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 61 - - NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 62 erage erage NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 63 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 64 antiretroviral antiretroviral JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 65 drugs drug NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 66 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 67 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 68 national national JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 69 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 70 insurance insurance NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 71 plan plan NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 72 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 73 Elliot Elliot NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 74 et et NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 75 al al NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 76 . . NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 657 77 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 658 1 Another another DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 658 2 example example NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 658 3 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 658 4 this this DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 658 5 category category NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 658 6 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 658 7 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 658 8 policies policy NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 658 9 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 658 10 practices practice NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 658 11 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 658 12 employers employer NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 658 13 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 659 1 As as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 659 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 659 3 showed show VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 659 4 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 659 5 Chap Chap NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 659 6 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 660 1 3 3 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 660 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 660 3 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 660 4 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 660 5 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 660 6 affects affect VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 660 7 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 660 8 productivity productivity NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 660 9 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 660 10 workers worker NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 660 11 substantially substantially RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 660 12 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 660 13 making make VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 660 14 it -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 660 15 cost cost VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 660 16 effective effective JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 660 17 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 660 18 companies company NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 660 19 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 660 20 have have VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 660 21 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 660 22 programs program NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 660 23 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 660 24 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 660 25 provide provide VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 660 26 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 660 27 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 660 28 employees employee NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 660 29 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 660 30 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 660 31 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 660 32 purely purely RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 660 33 financial financial JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 660 34 point point NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 660 35 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 660 36 view view NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 660 37 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 661 1 Business business NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 661 2 leaders leader NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 661 3 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 661 4 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 661 5 economic economic JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 661 6 incentive incentive NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 661 7 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 661 8 invest invest VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 661 9 resources resource NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 661 10 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 661 11 fighting fight VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 661 12 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 661 13 epidemic epidemic NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 661 14 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 662 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 662 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 662 3 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 662 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 662 5 saw see VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 662 6 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 662 7 Chap Chap NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 662 8 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 663 1 7 7 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 663 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 663 3 firms firm NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 663 4 can can MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 663 5 have have VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 663 6 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 663 7 tremendous tremendous JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 663 8 impact impact NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 663 9 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 663 10 promotment promotment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 663 11 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 664 1 However however RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 664 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 664 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 664 4 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 664 5 important important JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 664 6 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 664 7 have have VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 664 8 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 664 9 overarching overarching JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 664 10 framework framework NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 664 11 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 664 12 ensures ensure VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 664 13 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 664 14 adoption adoption NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 664 15 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 664 16 best good JJS cord-017675-in9r33ww 664 17 practices practice NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 664 18 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 664 19 individual individual JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 664 20 firms firm NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 664 21 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 664 22 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 664 23 minimize minimize VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 664 24 overlap overlap NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 664 25 between between IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 664 26 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 664 27 private private JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 664 28 sector sector NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 664 29 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 664 30 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 664 31 other other JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 664 32 players player NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 664 33 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 664 34 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 664 35 involved involve VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 664 36 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 664 37 addressing address VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 664 38 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 664 39 pandemic pandemic NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 664 40 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 2 this this DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 3 regard regard NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 5 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 6 Global Global NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 7 Business Business NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 8 Coalition Coalition NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 9 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 10 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 11 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 12 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 13 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 14 provided provide VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 15 leadership leadership NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 16 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 17 particularly particularly RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 18 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 19 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 20 efforts effort NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 21 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 22 identify identify VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 23 ways way NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 24 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 25 improve improve VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 26 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 27 global global JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 28 business business NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 29 community community NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 30 's 's POS cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 31 response response NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 32 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 33 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 34 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 35 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 36 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 37 including include VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 38 through through IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 39 leadership leadership NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 40 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 41 dispel dispel VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 42 myths myth NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 43 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 44 stigma stigma NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 45 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 46 break break VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 47 down down RP cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 48 workplace workplace NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 49 barriers barrier NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 50 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 51 influence influence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 52 community community NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 53 change change NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 665 54 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 666 1 Given give VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 666 2 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 666 3 economic economic JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 666 4 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 666 5 legal legal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 666 6 incentives incentive NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 666 7 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 666 8 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 666 9 effective effective JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 666 10 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 666 11 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 666 12 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 666 13 response response NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 666 14 9 9 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 667 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 667 2 Way Way NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 667 3 Forward Forward NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 667 4 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 667 5 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 667 6 Treatment Treatment NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 667 7 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 667 8 Human Human NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 667 9 Rights Rights NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 667 10 Providence Providence NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 667 11 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 667 12 care care VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 667 13 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 667 14 all all DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 667 15 who who WP cord-017675-in9r33ww 667 16 were be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 667 17 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 667 18 need need NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 667 19 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 667 20 regardless regardless RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 667 21 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 667 22 financial financial JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 667 23 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 667 24 social social JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 667 25 standing standing NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 667 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 667 27 Gratham Gratham NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 667 28 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 667 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 667 30 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 2 2006 2006 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 3 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 4 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 5 City City NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 6 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 7 Philadelphia Philadelphia NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 8 agreed agree VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 9 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 10 resolve resolve VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 11 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 12 complaint complaint NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 13 regarding regard VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 14 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 15 refusal refusal NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 16 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 17 emergency emergency NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 18 medical medical JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 19 services service NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 20 personnel personnel NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 21 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 22 touch touch VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 23 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 24 lift lift VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 25 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 26 patient patient NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 27 because because IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 28 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 29 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 30 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 31 status status NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 32 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 33 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 34 paying pay VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 35 monetary monetary JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 36 compensation compensation NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 37 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 38 agreeing agree VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 39 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 40 implement implement VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 41 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 42 mandatory mandatory JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 43 paramedic paramedic NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 44 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 45 EMT EMT NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 46 training training NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 47 program program NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 48 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 49 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 50 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 51 infectious infectious JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 52 diseases disease NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 53 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 54 John John NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 55 Gill Gill NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 56 Smith Smith NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 57 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 58 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 59 States States NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 60 v. v. IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 61 City City NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 62 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 63 Philadelphia Philadelphia NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 64 2006 2006 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 65 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 668 66 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 669 1 Ironically ironically RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 669 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 669 3 " " `` cord-017675-in9r33ww 669 4 Philadelphia Philadelphia NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 669 5 " " '' cord-017675-in9r33ww 669 6 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 669 7 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 669 8 name name NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 669 9 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 669 10 setting setting NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 669 11 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 669 12 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 669 13 first first JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 669 14 high high JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 669 15 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 669 16 profile profile NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 669 17 Hollywood Hollywood NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 669 18 film film NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 669 19 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 669 20 take take VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 669 21 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 669 22 seriously seriously RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 669 23 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 669 24 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 669 25 1993 1993 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 669 26 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 670 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 670 2 can can MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 670 3 think think VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 670 4 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 670 5 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 670 6 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 670 7 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 670 8 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 670 9 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 670 10 disaster disaster NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 670 11 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 670 12 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 670 13 point point NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 670 14 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 670 15 view view NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 670 16 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 670 17 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 670 18 country country NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 670 19 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 670 20 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 670 21 whole whole NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 670 22 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 671 1 Unlike unlike IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 671 2 other other JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 671 3 disasters disaster NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 671 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 671 5 such such JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 671 6 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 671 7 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 671 8 outbreak outbreak NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 671 9 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 671 10 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 671 11 influenza influenza NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 671 12 pandemic pandemic NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 671 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 671 14 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 671 15 this this DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 671 16 kind kind NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 671 17 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 671 18 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 671 19 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 671 20 we -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 671 21 need need VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 671 22 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 671 23 measure measure VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 671 24 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 671 25 severity severity NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 671 26 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 671 27 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 671 28 frequency frequency NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 671 29 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 671 30 occurrence occurrence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 671 31 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 671 32 that that DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 671 33 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 671 34 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 672 1 Once once IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 672 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 672 3 measure measure VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 672 4 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 672 5 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 672 6 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 672 7 we -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 672 8 need need VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 672 9 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 672 10 find find VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 672 11 ways way NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 672 12 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 672 13 managing manage VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 672 14 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 672 15 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 672 16 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 672 17 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 672 18 dynamic dynamic JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 672 19 way way NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 672 20 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 673 1 That that DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 673 2 means mean VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 673 3 putting put VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 673 4 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 673 5 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 673 6 management management NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 673 7 plan plan NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 673 8 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 673 9 place place NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 673 10 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 673 11 monitoring monitor VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 673 12 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 673 13 plan plan NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 673 14 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 673 15 modifying modify VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 673 16 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 673 17 plan plan NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 673 18 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 673 19 events event NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 673 20 unfold unfold VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 673 21 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 674 1 Most most RBS cord-017675-in9r33ww 674 2 often often RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 674 3 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 674 4 at at IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 674 5 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 674 6 national national JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 674 7 level level NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 674 8 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 674 9 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 674 10 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 674 11 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 674 12 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 674 13 seen see VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 674 14 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 674 15 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 674 16 public public JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 674 17 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 674 18 problem problem NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 674 19 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 674 20 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 674 21 managed manage VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 674 22 as as RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 674 23 such such JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 674 24 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 1 Thus thus RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 3 various various JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 4 measures measure NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 5 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 6 taken take VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 7 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 8 reduce reduce VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 9 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 10 incidence incidence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 11 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 12 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 13 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 14 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 15 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 16 taking take VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 17 steps step NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 18 against against IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 19 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 20 main main JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 21 channels channel NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 22 through through IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 23 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 24 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 25 disease disease NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 26 strikes strike VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 27 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 29 1 1 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 31 actions action NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 32 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 33 reduce reduce VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 34 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 35 contamination contamination NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 36 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 37 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 38 blood blood NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 39 supply supply NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 40 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 42 2 2 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 44 special special JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 45 steps step NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 46 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 47 promote promote VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 48 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 49 care care NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 50 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 51 key key JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 52 groups group NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 53 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 54 such such JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 55 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 56 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 57 workers worker NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 58 ; ; , cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 59 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 60 3 3 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 61 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 62 needle needle NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 63 exchange exchange NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 64 programs program NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 65 ; ; , cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 66 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 67 4 4 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 68 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 69 promoting promote VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 70 safe safe JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 71 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 72 through through IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 73 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 74 use use NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 75 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 76 condoms condom NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 77 ; ; : cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 78 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 79 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 80 5 5 LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 81 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 82 minimizing minimize VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 83 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 84 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 85 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 86 infected infected JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 87 mothers mother NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 88 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 89 newborns newborn NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 675 90 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 676 1 346 346 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 676 2 disaster disaster NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 676 3 unfolds unfold VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 676 4 over over IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 676 5 many many JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 676 6 years year NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 676 7 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 677 1 However however RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 677 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 677 3 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 677 4 standard standard JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 677 5 operating operating NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 677 6 procedure procedure NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 677 7 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 677 8 ing ing DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 677 9 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 677 10 among among IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 677 11 employees employee NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 677 12 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 677 13 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-017675-in9r33ww 677 14 families family NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 677 15 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 677 16 providing provide VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 677 17 access access NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 677 18 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 677 19 treatdisaster treatdisaster NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 677 20 management management NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 677 21 also also RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 677 22 applies apply VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 677 23 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 677 24 managing manage VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 677 25 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 677 26 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 677 27 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 677 28 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 677 29 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 678 1 For for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 678 2 managing manage VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 678 3 any any DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 678 4 must must MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 678 5 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 678 6 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 678 7 core core NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 678 8 component component NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 678 9 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 678 10 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 678 11 overall overall JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 678 12 business business NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 678 13 strategy strategy NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 678 14 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 679 1 Another another DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 679 2 approach approach NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 679 3 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 679 4 risk risk VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 679 5 management management NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 679 6 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 679 7 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 679 8 avoidance avoidance NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 679 9 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 680 1 At at IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 680 2 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 680 3 country country NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 680 4 level level NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 680 5 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 680 6 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 680 7 avoidance avoidance NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 680 8 could could MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 680 9 imply imply VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 680 10 two two CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 680 11 extreme extreme JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 680 12 actions action NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 680 13 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 680 14 quarantining quarantine VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 680 15 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 680 16 who who WP cord-017675-in9r33ww 680 17 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 680 18 already already RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 680 19 infected infect VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 680 20 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 680 21 preventing prevent VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 680 22 infected infected JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 680 23 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 680 24 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 680 25 coming come VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 680 26 into into IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 680 27 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 680 28 country country NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 680 29 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 681 1 Neither neither DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 681 2 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 681 3 these these DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 681 4 policies policy NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 681 5 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 681 6 feasible feasible JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 681 7 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 681 8 most most JJS cord-017675-in9r33ww 681 9 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 681 10 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 681 11 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 681 12 they -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 681 13 directly directly RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 681 14 go go VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 681 15 against against IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 681 16 human human JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 681 17 rights right NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 681 18 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 682 1 Thus thus RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 682 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 682 3 extreme extreme JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 682 4 forms form NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 682 5 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 682 6 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 682 7 management management NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 682 8 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 682 9 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 682 10 respect respect NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 682 11 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 682 12 human human JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 682 13 rights right NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 682 14 pose pose VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 682 15 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 682 16 tradeoff tradeoff NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 682 17 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 682 18 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 682 19 country country NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 682 20 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 683 1 Cuba Cuba NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 683 2 provides provide VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 683 3 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 683 4 striking striking JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 683 5 example example NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 683 6 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 683 7 how how WRB cord-017675-in9r33ww 683 8 containment containment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 683 9 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 683 10 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 683 11 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 683 12 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 683 13 can can MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 683 14 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 683 15 conducted conduct VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 683 16 at at IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 683 17 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 683 18 national national JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 683 19 level level NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 683 20 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 684 1 Cuba Cuba NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 684 2 started start VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 684 3 promoting promote VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 684 4 public public JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 684 5 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 684 6 messages message NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 684 7 against against IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 684 8 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 684 9 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 684 10 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 684 11 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 684 12 1983 1983 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 684 13 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 684 14 3 3 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 684 15 years year NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 684 16 before before IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 684 17 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 684 18 first first JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 684 19 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 684 20 case case NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 684 21 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 684 22 reported report VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 684 23 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 684 24 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 684 25 country country NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 684 26 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 685 1 Between between IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 685 2 1986 1986 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 685 3 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 685 4 1989 1989 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 685 5 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 685 6 Cuba Cuba NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 685 7 undertook undertake VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 685 8 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 685 9 massive massive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 685 10 testing testing NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 685 11 exercise exercise NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 685 12 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 685 13 which which WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 685 14 tested test VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 685 15 more more JJR cord-017675-in9r33ww 685 16 than than IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 685 17 80 80 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 685 18 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 685 19 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 685 20 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 685 21 adult adult NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 685 22 population population NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 685 23 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 686 1 Those those DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 686 2 who who WP cord-017675-in9r33ww 686 3 were be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 686 4 seropositive seropositive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 686 5 were be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 686 6 quarantined quarantine VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 686 7 indefinitely indefinitely RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 686 8 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 686 9 sanitariums sanitarium NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 686 10 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 687 1 Over over IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 687 2 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 687 3 years year NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 687 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 687 5 Cuba Cuba NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 687 6 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 687 7 relaxed relax VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 687 8 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 687 9 rule rule NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 687 10 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 688 1 Today today NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 688 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 688 3 anybody anybody NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 688 4 found find VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 688 5 seropositive seropositive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 688 6 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 688 7 required require VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 688 8 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 688 9 attend attend VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 688 10 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 688 11 8 8 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 688 12 week week NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 688 13 course course NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 688 14 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 689 1 After after IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 689 2 that that DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 689 3 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 689 4 they -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 689 5 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 689 6 free free JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 689 7 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 689 8 leave leave VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 689 9 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 690 1 Nearly nearly RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 690 2 half half PDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 690 3 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 690 4 people people NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 690 5 choose choose VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 690 6 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 690 7 stay stay VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 690 8 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 690 9 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 690 10 sanitariums sanitarium NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 690 11 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 690 12 where where WRB cord-017675-in9r33ww 690 13 they -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 690 14 get get VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 690 15 free free JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 690 16 food food NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 690 17 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 690 18 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 690 19 place place NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 690 20 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 690 21 stay stay VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 690 22 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 690 23 along along IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 690 24 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 690 25 retraining retraining NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 690 26 if if IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 690 27 they -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 690 28 choose choose VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 690 29 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 690 30 help help VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 690 31 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 690 32 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 690 33 logistics logistic NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 690 34 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 690 35 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 690 36 sanitariums sanitarium NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 690 37 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 691 1 Such such PDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 691 2 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 691 3 curtailment curtailment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 691 4 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 691 5 freedom freedom NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 691 6 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 691 7 movement movement NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 691 8 without without IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 691 9 committing commit VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 691 10 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 691 11 crime crime NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 691 12 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 691 13 unprecedented unprecedented JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 691 14 anywhere anywhere RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 691 15 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 691 16 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 691 17 world world NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 691 18 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 692 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 692 2 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 692 3 been be VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 692 4 criticized criticize VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 692 5 by by IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 692 6 many many JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 692 7 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 693 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 693 2 did do VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 693 3 produce produce VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 693 4 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 693 5 result result NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 693 6 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 693 7 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 693 8 also also RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 693 9 unprecedented unprecedented JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 693 10 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 694 1 Cuba Cuba NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 694 2 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 694 3 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 694 4 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 694 5 incidence incidence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 694 6 rate rate NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 694 7 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 694 8 0.05 0.05 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 694 9 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 694 10 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 695 1 In in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 695 2 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 695 3 neighboring neighbor VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 695 4 island island NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 695 5 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 695 6 Haiti Haiti NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 695 7 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 695 8 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 695 9 rate rate NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 695 10 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 695 11 120 120 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 695 12 times time NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 695 13 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 695 14 high high JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 695 15 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 695 16 at at IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 695 17 6.1 6.1 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 695 18 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 695 19 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 696 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 696 2 should should MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 696 3 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 696 4 noted note VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 696 5 that that IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 696 6 quarantine quarantine NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 696 7 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 696 8 individuals individual NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 696 9 who who WP cord-017675-in9r33ww 696 10 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 696 11 committed commit VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 696 12 no no DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 696 13 crime crime NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 696 14 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 696 15 not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 696 16 unheard unheard JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 696 17 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 696 18 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 697 1 There there EX cord-017675-in9r33ww 697 2 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 697 3 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 697 4 case case NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 697 5 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 697 6 Mary Mary NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 697 7 Mallon Mallon NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 697 8 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 697 9 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 697 10 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 697 11 States States NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 697 12 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 697 13 1908better 1908better CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 697 14 known know VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 697 15 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 697 16 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 697 17 " " `` cord-017675-in9r33ww 697 18 Typhoid Typhoid NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 697 19 Mary Mary NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 697 20 " " '' cord-017675-in9r33ww 698 1 -who -who : cord-017675-in9r33ww 698 2 carried carry VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 698 3 typhoid typhoid NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 698 4 without without IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 698 5 every every DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 698 6 showing show VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 698 7 any any DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 698 8 symptoms symptom NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 698 9 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 699 1 She -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 699 2 was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 699 3 quarantined quarantine VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 699 4 against against IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 699 5 her -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 699 6 will will NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 699 7 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 699 8 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 699 9 number number NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 699 10 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 699 11 years year NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 699 12 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 700 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 700 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 700 3 during during IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 700 4 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 700 5 outbreak outbreak NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 700 6 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 700 7 influenza influenza NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 700 8 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 700 9 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 700 10 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 700 11 States States NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 700 12 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 700 13 1918 1918 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 700 14 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 700 15 many many JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 700 16 families family NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 700 17 were be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 700 18 quarantined quarantine VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 700 19 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 700 20 public public JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 700 21 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 700 22 grounds ground NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 700 23 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 701 1 Individuals individual NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 701 2 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 701 3 SARS SARS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 701 4 were be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 701 5 also also RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 701 6 quarantined quarantine VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 701 7 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 701 8 Toronto Toronto NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 701 9 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 702 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 702 2 future future NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 702 3 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 702 4 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 702 5 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 702 6 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 702 7 presents present VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 702 8 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 702 9 mixed mixed JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 702 10 picture picture NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 702 11 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 703 1 While while IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 703 2 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 703 3 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 703 4 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 703 5 incidence incidence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 703 6 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 703 7 begun begin VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 703 8 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 703 9 level level VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 703 10 off off RP cord-017675-in9r33ww 703 11 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 703 12 some some DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 703 13 high high JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 703 14 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 703 15 prevalence prevalence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 703 16 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 703 17 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 703 18 new new JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 703 19 infections infection NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 703 20 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 703 21 increased increase VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 703 22 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 703 23 many many JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 703 24 developed develop VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 703 25 countries country NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 703 26 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 704 1 While while IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 704 2 several several JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 704 3 science science NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 704 4 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 704 5 based base VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 704 6 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 704 7 strategies strategy NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 704 8 need need VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 704 9 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 704 10 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 704 11 scaled scale VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 704 12 up up RP cord-017675-in9r33ww 704 13 significantly significantly RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 704 14 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 704 15 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 704 16 increase increase NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 704 17 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 704 18 mother mother NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 704 19 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 704 20 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 704 21 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 704 22 child child NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 704 23 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 704 24 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 704 25 dramatically dramatically RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 704 26 reduced reduce VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 704 27 infections infection NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 704 28 among among IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 704 29 newborns newborn NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 704 30 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 704 31 male male JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 704 32 circumcision circumcision NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 704 33 is be VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 704 34 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 704 35 promising promising JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 704 36 new new JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 704 37 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 704 38 strategy strategy NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 704 39 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 705 1 While while IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 705 2 millions million NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 705 3 still still RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 705 4 lack lack VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 705 5 access access NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 705 6 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 705 7 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 705 8 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 705 9 there there EX cord-017675-in9r33ww 705 10 has have VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 705 11 been be VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 705 12 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 705 13 large large JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 705 14 increase increase NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 705 15 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 705 16 funding funding NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 705 17 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 705 18 drug drug NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 705 19 prices price NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 705 20 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 705 21 dropped drop VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 705 22 dramatically dramatically RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 705 23 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 705 24 several several JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 705 25 key key JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 705 26 drug drug NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 705 27 patents patent NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 705 28 will will MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 705 29 expire expire VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 705 30 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 705 31 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 705 32 near near JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 705 33 future future NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 705 34 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 705 35 efforts effort NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 705 36 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 705 37 develop develop VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 705 38 new new JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 705 39 treatments treatment NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 705 40 continue continue VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 705 41 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 706 1 While while IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 706 2 stigma stigma NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 706 3 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 706 4 discrimination discrimination NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 706 5 remain remain VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 706 6 obstacles obstacle NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 706 7 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 706 8 effective effective JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 706 9 prevention prevention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 706 10 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 706 11 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 706 12 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 706 13 human human JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 706 14 rights right NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 706 15 laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 706 16 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 706 17 proved prove VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 706 18 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 706 19 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 706 20 an an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 706 21 effective effective JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 706 22 vehicle vehicle NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 706 23 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 706 24 addressing address VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 706 25 discrimination discrimination NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 706 26 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 706 27 increasing increase VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 706 28 access access NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 706 29 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 706 30 treatment treatment NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 706 31 around around IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 706 32 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 706 33 world world NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 706 34 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 707 1 Thus thus RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 707 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 707 3 while while IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 707 4 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 707 5 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 707 6 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 707 7 continues continue VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 707 8 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 707 9 pose pose VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 707 10 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 707 11 significant significant JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 707 12 threat threat NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 707 13 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 707 14 public public JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 707 15 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 707 16 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 707 17 there there EX cord-017675-in9r33ww 707 18 are be VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 707 19 many many JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 707 20 signs sign NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 707 21 that that WDT cord-017675-in9r33ww 707 22 progress progress VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 707 23 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 707 24 fighting fight VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 707 25 this this DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 707 26 pandemic pandemic NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 707 27 can can MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 707 28 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 707 29 will will MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 707 30 continue continue VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 707 31 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 707 32 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 707 33 knowledge knowledge NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 707 34 gradually gradually RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 707 35 replaces replace VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 707 36 ignorance ignorance NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 707 37 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 708 1 Travel travel NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 708 2 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 708 3 Immigration Immigration NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 708 4 Ban Ban NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 708 5 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 709 1 Background Background NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 709 2 Senator Senator NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 709 3 Jesse Jesse NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 709 4 Helms Helms NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 709 5 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 710 1 Cut cut VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 710 2 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 710 3 Funding Funding NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 710 4 Experimental Experimental NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 710 5 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 710 6 vaccine vaccine NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 710 7 falls fall VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 710 8 short short JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 710 9 Randomized Randomized NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 710 10 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 710 11 controlled control VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 710 12 intervention intervention NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 710 13 trial trial NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 710 14 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 710 15 male male JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 710 16 circumcision circumcision NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 710 17 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 710 18 reduction reduction NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 710 19 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 710 20 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 710 21 infection infection NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 710 22 risk risk NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 710 23 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 711 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 711 2 ANRS ANRS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 711 3 1265 1265 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 711 4 trial trial NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 711 5 Amplía Amplía NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 711 6 Corte Corte NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 711 7 protección protección NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 711 8 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 711 9 militares militares FW cord-017675-in9r33ww 711 10 con con NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 711 11 VIH VIH NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 711 12 Male Male NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 711 13 Circumcision Circumcision NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 711 14 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 712 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 712 2 Road Road NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 712 3 from from IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 712 4 Evidence evidence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 712 5 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 712 6 Practice practice NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 712 7 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 713 1 Division division NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 713 2 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 713 3 Epidemiology Epidemiology NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 713 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 713 5 School School NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 713 6 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 713 7 Public Public NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 713 8 Health Health NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 713 9 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 713 10 University University NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 713 11 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 713 12 Illinois Illinois NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 713 13 at at IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 713 14 Chicago Chicago NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 713 15 Betteridge Betteridge NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 713 16 G G NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 713 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 713 18 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 713 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 713 20 Criminal criminal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 713 21 law law NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 713 22 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 713 23 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 713 24 transmission transmission NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 713 25 or or CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 713 26 exposure exposure NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 713 27 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 713 28 New new JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 713 29 cases case NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 713 30 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 713 31 developments development NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 713 32 Law Law NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 713 33 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 713 34 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 713 35 structural structural JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 713 36 factor factor NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 713 37 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 713 38 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 713 39 spread spread NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 713 40 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 713 41 communicable communicable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 713 42 disease disease NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 714 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 714 2 Way Way NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 714 3 Forward Forward NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 714 4 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 714 5 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 714 6 Treatment Treatment NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 714 7 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 714 8 Human Human NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 714 9 Rights Rights NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 714 10 Do do VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 714 11 Criminal criminal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 714 12 Laws law NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 714 13 Influence influence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 715 1 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 715 2 Risk Risk NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 715 3 Behavior Behavior NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 715 4 ? ? . cord-017675-in9r33ww 716 1 An an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 716 2 Empirical Empirical NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 716 3 Trial Trial NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 716 4 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 716 5 Disclosure Disclosure NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 716 6 & & CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 716 7 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 716 8 Criminal Criminal NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 716 9 Law Law NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 716 10 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 716 11 Canada Canada NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 716 12 Supreme Supreme NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 716 13 Court Court NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 716 14 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 716 15 Canada Canada NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 716 16 Decision Decision NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 716 17 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 717 1 R r NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 717 2 v v IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 717 3 Canada Canada NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 717 4 's 's POS cord-017675-in9r33ww 717 5 Immigration Immigration NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 717 6 Policy Policy NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 717 7 as as IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 717 8 it -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 717 9 Affects affect VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 717 10 People People NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 717 11 Living live VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 717 12 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 717 13 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 717 14 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 717 15 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 717 16 A A NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 717 17 Human Human NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 717 18 Rights Rights NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 717 19 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 717 20 based base VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 717 21 Commentary Commentary NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 717 22 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 717 23 UNAIDS UNAIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 717 24 Guidance Guidance NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 717 25 Note Note NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 717 26 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 718 1 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 718 2 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 718 3 Sex Sex NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 718 4 Work work VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 718 5 Communicable communicable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 718 6 Diseases disease NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 718 7 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 718 8 Challenges challenge NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 718 9 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 718 10 Health Health NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 718 11 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 718 12 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 718 13 Age Age NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 718 14 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 718 15 Migration Migration NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 718 16 2C1FE1C/10624 2C1FE1C/10624 NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 718 17 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 718 18 Chpt4EU.PDF Chpt4EU.PDF NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 718 19 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 719 1 Accessed Accessed NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 719 2 A%20Human%20Rights A%20Human%20Rights NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 719 3 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 719 4 based%20Commentary%20on based%20Commentary%20on NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 719 5 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 719 6 20UNAIDS 20unaids CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 719 7 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 719 8 20Guidance 20guidance CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 719 9 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 719 10 20 20 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 719 11 Zidovudine Zidovudine NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 719 12 's 's POS cord-017675-in9r33ww 719 13 patent patent NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 719 14 history history NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 719 15 Look look VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 719 16 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 719 17 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 719 18 future future NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 719 19 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 720 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 720 2 war war NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 720 3 against against IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 720 4 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 720 5 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 721 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 721 2 Economist Economist NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 721 3 Net net JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 721 4 benefits benefit NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 721 5 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 722 1 Giving give VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 722 2 bed bed NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 722 3 nets net NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 722 4 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 722 5 drugs drug NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 722 6 away away RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 722 7 free free JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 722 8 may may MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 722 9 be be VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 722 10 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 722 11 way way NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 722 12 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 722 13 deal deal VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 722 14 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 722 15 malaria malaria NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 722 16 Criminal Criminal NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 722 17 Law Law NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 722 18 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 722 19 Public Public NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 722 20 Health Health NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 722 21 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 722 22 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 722 23 Transmission Transmission NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 722 24 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 723 1 A a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 723 2 Policy Policy NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 723 3 Options Options NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 723 4 Paper Paper NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 723 5 Protection Protection NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 723 6 against against IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 723 7 discrimination discrimination NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 723 8 based base VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 723 9 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 723 10 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 723 11 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 723 12 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 723 13 status status NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 723 14 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 723 15 Canada Canada NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 723 16 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 723 17 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 723 18 legal legal JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 723 19 framework framework NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 724 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 724 2 effect effect NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 724 3 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 724 4 pregnancy pregnancy NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 724 5 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 724 6 survival survival NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 724 7 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 724 8 women woman NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 724 9 infected infect VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 724 10 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 724 11 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 724 12 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 724 13 A a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 724 14 systematic systematic JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 724 15 review review NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 724 16 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 724 17 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 724 18 literature literature NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 724 19 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 724 20 meta meta NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 724 21 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 724 22 analysis analysis NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 724 23 Global Global NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 724 24 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 724 25 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 724 26 Working Working NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 724 27 Group Group NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 724 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 724 29 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 724 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 725 1 Bringing bring VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 725 2 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 725 3 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 725 4 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 725 5 Scale scale NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 725 6 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 726 1 An an DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 726 2 Urgent Urgent NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 726 3 Global Global NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 726 4 Priority Priority NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 726 5 History history NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 726 6 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 726 7 principles principle NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 726 8 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 726 9 practice practice NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 726 10 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 726 11 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 726 12 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 726 13 Halperin Halperin NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 726 14 D D NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 726 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 726 16 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 726 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 727 1 Evidence evidence NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 727 2 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 727 3 Based base VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 727 4 Behavior Behavior NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 727 5 Change change VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 727 6 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 727 7 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 727 8 Approaches Approaches NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 727 9 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 727 10 Sub Sub NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 727 11 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 727 12 Saharan Saharan NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 727 13 Africa Africa NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 727 14 Harvard Harvard NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 727 15 School School NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 727 16 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 727 17 Public Public NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 727 18 Health Health NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 727 19 Program Program NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 727 20 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 727 21 International International NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 727 22 Health Health NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 727 23 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 727 24 Human Human NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 727 25 Rights Rights NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 727 26 Hamied Hamied NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 727 27 YK YK NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 727 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 727 29 2005 2005 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 728 1 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 728 2 Trading trade VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 728 3 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 728 4 Death Death NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 728 5 Lessons lesson NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 729 1 Not not RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 729 2 Learned learn VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 729 3 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 729 4 Human Human NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 729 5 Rights Rights NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 729 6 Abuses Abuses NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 729 7 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 729 8 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 729 9 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 729 10 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 729 11 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 729 12 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 729 13 Russian Russian NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 729 14 Federation Federation NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 729 15 Family Family NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 729 16 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 730 1 Unvalued unvalued JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 730 2 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 730 3 Discrimination discrimination NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 730 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 730 5 Denial Denial NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 730 6 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 730 7 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 730 8 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 730 9 Fate Fate NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 730 10 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 730 11 Binational Binational NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 730 12 Same Same NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 730 13 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 730 14 Sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 730 15 Couples couple NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 730 16 under under IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 730 17 Memoir Memoir NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 730 18 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 731 1 Jesse Jesse NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 731 2 Helms Helms NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 731 3 Says say VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 731 4 He -PRON- PRP cord-017675-in9r33ww 731 5 Was be VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 731 6 No no DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 731 7 Racist racist JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 731 8 A a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 731 9 Salute salute NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 731 10 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 731 11 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 731 12 Sisters Sisters NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 731 13 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 732 1 Promise Promise NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 732 2 Fall fall VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 732 3 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 732 4 Winter Winter NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 732 5 Literature Literature NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 732 6 Review Review NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 733 1 Increasing increase VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 733 2 access access NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 733 3 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 733 4 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 733 5 testing testing NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 733 6 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 733 7 counseling counseling NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 733 8 while while IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 733 9 respecting respect VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 733 10 human human JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 733 11 rights right NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 733 12 Reasons reason NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 733 13 Why why WRB cord-017675-in9r33ww 733 14 Human human JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 733 15 Rights Rights NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 733 16 Should Should MD cord-017675-in9r33ww 733 17 Occupy occupy VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 733 18 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 733 19 Center Center NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 733 20 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 733 21 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 733 22 Global Global NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 733 23 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 733 24 Struggle Struggle NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 733 25 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 734 1 Open Open NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 734 2 Society Society NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 734 3 Institute Institute NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 735 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 735 2 Way Way NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 735 3 Forward Forward NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 735 4 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 735 5 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 735 6 Treatment Treatment NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 735 7 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 735 8 Human Human NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 735 9 Rights Rights NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 735 10 Conspiring conspire VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 735 11 to to TO cord-017675-in9r33ww 735 12 kill kill VB cord-017675-in9r33ww 735 13 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 735 14 gender gender NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 735 15 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 735 16 biased biased JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 735 17 legislation legislation NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 735 18 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 735 19 culture culture NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 735 20 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 735 21 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 735 22 aids aids NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 735 23 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 735 24 sub sub JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 735 25 - - JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 735 26 Saharan saharan JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 735 27 Africa Africa NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 735 28 New New NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 735 29 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 735 30 Cases case NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 735 31 Drop drop VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 735 32 but but CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 735 33 Rise rise VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 735 34 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 735 35 Young Young NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 735 36 Gay Gay NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 735 37 Men Men NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 735 38 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 736 1 www.nytimes www.nytimes NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 736 2 Senator Senator NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 736 3 Helms Helms NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 736 4 's 's POS cord-017675-in9r33ww 736 5 Callousness callousness NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 737 1 Toward toward IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 737 2 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 737 3 Victims victim NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 738 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 738 2 Latino Latino NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 738 3 Commission Commission NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 738 4 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 738 5 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 738 6 Supports support VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 738 7 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 738 8 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 738 9 Nondiscrimination Nondiscrimination NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 738 10 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 738 11 Travel Travel NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 738 12 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 738 13 Immigration Immigration NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 738 14 Act Act NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 738 15 Discriminación Discriminación NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 738 16 por por FW cord-017675-in9r33ww 738 17 vivir vivir FW cord-017675-in9r33ww 738 18 con con FW cord-017675-in9r33ww 738 19 VIH VIH NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 738 20 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 738 21 Fuerzas Fuerzas NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 738 22 Armadas Armadas NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 738 23 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 738 24 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 738 25 punto punto NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 738 26 del del NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 738 27 revés revés NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 738 28 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 738 29 Letra Letra NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 738 30 S S NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 738 31 128 128 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 739 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 739 2 known known JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 739 3 hidden hide VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 739 4 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 739 5 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 739 6 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 739 7 epidemic epidemic NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 739 8 among among IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 739 9 Black black JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 739 10 men man NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 739 11 who who WP cord-017675-in9r33ww 739 12 have have VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 739 13 sex sex NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 739 14 with with IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 739 15 men man NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 739 16 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 739 17 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 739 18 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 739 19 States States NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 739 20 PLoS PLoS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 739 21 Medicine Medicine NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 739 22 4:12 4:12 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 739 23 NYC NYC NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 739 24 Health Health NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 739 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 739 26 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 739 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 740 1 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 740 2 Epidemiology Epidemiology NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 740 3 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 740 4 Field Field NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 740 5 Services Services NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 740 6 Research Research NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 740 7 Unit Unit NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 740 8 Report Report NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 740 9 Accessed access VBD cord-017675-in9r33ww 740 10 5 5 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 740 11 November November NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 740 12 Human Human NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 740 13 Rights Rights NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 740 14 Watch Watch NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 740 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 740 16 2006 2006 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 740 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 741 1 Family family NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 741 2 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 741 3 Unvalued unvalued JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 741 4 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 741 5 Discrimination discrimination NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 741 6 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 741 7 Denial Denial NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 741 8 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 741 9 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 741 10 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 741 11 Fate Fate NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 741 12 Park Park NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 741 13 A A NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 741 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 741 15 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 741 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 741 17 Assessing assess VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 741 18 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 741 19 Failed fail VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 741 20 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 741 21 Vaccine Vaccine NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 741 22 Mexico Mexico NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 741 23 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 742 1 Supreme Supreme NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 742 2 court court NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 742 3 rules rule NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 742 4 discharge discharge NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 742 5 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 742 6 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 742 7 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 742 8 positive positive JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 742 9 troops troop NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 742 10 unconstitutional unconstitutional JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 742 11 Genetic genetic JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 742 12 diversity diversity NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 742 13 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 742 14 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 742 15 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 743 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 743 2 moving move VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 743 3 target target NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 743 4 Seeds seed NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 743 5 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 743 6 Change change NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 743 7 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 743 8 Rwanda Rwanda NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 743 9 Sesión Sesión NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 743 10 Pública Pública NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 743 11 Núm Núm NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 744 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 744 2 tuberculosis tuberculosis NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 744 3 & & CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 744 4 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 744 5 debate debate NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 744 6 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 744 7 immigration immigration NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 744 8 law law NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 744 9 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 744 10 Critical critical JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 744 11 flaws flaw NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 745 1 Cuerrier Cuerrier NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 745 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 745 3 1998 1998 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 745 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 745 5 2 2 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 745 6 SCR SCR NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 745 7 371 371 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 745 8 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 745 9 Supreme Supreme NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 745 10 Court Court NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 745 11 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 745 12 Canada Canada NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 745 13 New New NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 745 14 Mexico Mexico NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 745 15 Court Court NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 745 16 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 745 17 Appeals Appeals NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 745 18 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 745 19 129 129 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 745 20 NM NM NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 745 21 165 165 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 745 22 Ohio Ohio NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 745 23 State State NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 745 24 Court Court NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 745 25 Appellate Appellate NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 745 26 Amicus Amicus NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 745 27 Brief Brief NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 745 28 US US NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 745 29 Food Food NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 745 30 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 745 31 Drug Drug NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 745 32 Administration Administration NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 745 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 745 34 2006 2006 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 745 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 745 36 Guidance guidance NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 745 37 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 745 38 Industry industry NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 745 39 Fixed Fixed NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 745 40 Dose Dose NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 745 41 Combina Combina NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 745 42 Antiretrovirals Antiretrovirals NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 745 43 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 745 44 the the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 745 45 Treatment Treatment NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 745 46 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 745 47 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 746 1 /NR /NR NFP cord-017675-in9r33ww 747 1 /rdonlyres/98EF667E /rdonlyres/98ef667e LS cord-017675-in9r33ww 747 2 - - : cord-017675-in9r33ww 747 3 CF50 CF50 NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 747 4 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 747 5 4ABB 4abb CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 747 6 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 747 7 AB9F-107 ab9f-107 NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 747 8 ADF012927/0/265DEMARZODE ADF012927/0/265DEMARZODE NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 748 1 Do do VBP cord-017675-in9r33ww 748 2 human human JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 748 3 rights right NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 748 4 matter matter NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 748 5 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 748 6 health health NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 748 7 ? ? . cord-017675-in9r33ww 749 1 Lancet Lancet NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 749 2 MARDE2007 MARDE2007 NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 749 3 State state NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 749 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 749 5 1992 1992 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 749 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 750 1 Texas Texas NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 750 2 Court Court NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 750 3 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 750 4 Appeal Appeal NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 750 5 United United NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 750 6 States States NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 750 7 academic academic JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 750 8 anti anti JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 750 9 - - JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 750 10 exclusion exclusion JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 750 11 arguments argument NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 750 12 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 751 1 Georgetown Georgetown NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 751 2 Immigration Immigration NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 751 3 Law Law NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 751 4 Journal Journal NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 751 5 hivlawandpolicy.org hivlawandpolicy.org NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 751 6 /resources /resources . cord-017675-in9r33ww 751 7 /partial /partial NFP cord-017675-in9r33ww 751 8 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 751 9 20case 20case CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 751 10 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 751 11 20&resource 20&resource CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 751 12 % % NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 751 13 20 20 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 751 14 list list NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 751 15 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 751 16 Lambda lambda NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 751 17 Packaged Packaged NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 751 18 Drug Drug NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 751 19 Products Products NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 751 20 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 751 21 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 751 22 Single Single NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 751 23 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 751 24 Entity Entity NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 751 25 Versions Versions NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 751 26 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 751 27 Previously previously RB cord-017675-in9r33ww 751 28 Approved approve VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 751 29 Tarantola Tarantola NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 751 30 D D NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 751 31 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 751 32 Gruskin Gruskin NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 751 33 S S NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 751 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 751 35 2007 2007 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 751 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 752 1 New new JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 752 2 guidance guidance NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 752 3 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 752 4 recommended recommend VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 752 5 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 752 6 testing testing NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 752 7 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 752 8 HIV_data/2006GlobalReport HIV_data/2006GlobalReport NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 752 9 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 752 10 default.asp default.asp NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 752 11 . . . cord-017675-in9r33ww 753 1 Accessed access VBN cord-017675-in9r33ww 754 1 The the DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 754 2 Way Way NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 754 3 Forward Forward NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 754 4 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 754 5 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 754 6 Treatment Treatment NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 754 7 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 754 8 Human Human NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 754 9 Rights Rights NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 754 10 Consolidated Consolidated NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 754 11 Version Version NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 754 12 New New NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 754 13 Law Law NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 754 14 Allows allow VBZ cord-017675-in9r33ww 754 15 Needle Needle NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 754 16 Exchanges exchange NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 754 17 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 754 18 Washington Washington NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 754 19 Modeling Modeling NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 754 20 Health Health NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 754 21 Care Care NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 754 22 Costs cost NNS cord-017675-in9r33ww 754 23 Attributable attributable JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 754 24 to to IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 754 25 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 754 26 Infection Infection NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 754 27 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 754 28 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 754 29 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 754 30 Programs Programs NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 754 31 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 754 32 High High NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 754 33 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 754 34 Income Income NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 754 35 Countries Countries NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 754 36 Systematic Systematic NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 754 37 Review Review NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 754 38 of of IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 754 39 Abstinence Abstinence NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 754 40 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 754 41 Plus plus NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 755 1 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 755 2 Epidemic Epidemic NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 755 3 -Planning -Planning NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 755 4 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 755 5 Policy Policy NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 755 6 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 755 7 Predictions Predictions NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 755 8 Limited Limited NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 755 9 Setting setting NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 755 10 : : : cord-017675-in9r33ww 756 1 Treatment Treatment NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 756 2 Guidelines Guidelines NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 756 3 for for IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 756 4 a a DT cord-017675-in9r33ww 756 5 Public Public NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 756 6 Health Health NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 756 7 Approach Approach NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 756 8 Scaling scale VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 756 9 Up up RP cord-017675-in9r33ww 756 10 Antiretroviral Antiretroviral NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 756 11 Therapy Therapy NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 756 12 in in IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 756 13 Resouurce Resouurce NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 756 14 Lawmakers Lawmakers NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 756 15 , , , cord-017675-in9r33ww 757 1 Gay gay JJ cord-017675-in9r33ww 757 2 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 757 3 Rights Rights NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 757 4 Groups Groups NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 757 5 Protesting protest VBG cord-017675-in9r33ww 757 6 New New NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 757 7 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 757 8 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 757 9 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 757 10 Travel Travel NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 757 11 UNAIDS UNAIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 757 12 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 757 13 IOM IOM NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 757 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 757 15 2004 2004 CD cord-017675-in9r33ww 757 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-017675-in9r33ww 758 1 Statement statement NN cord-017675-in9r33ww 758 2 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 758 3 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 758 4 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 758 5 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 758 6 - - HYPH cord-017675-in9r33ww 758 7 Related Related NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 758 8 Travel Travel NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 758 9 Restrictions Restrictions NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 758 10 International International NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 758 11 Guidelines Guidelines NNPS cord-017675-in9r33ww 758 12 on on IN cord-017675-in9r33ww 758 13 HIV HIV NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 758 14 / / SYM cord-017675-in9r33ww 758 15 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 758 16 and and CC cord-017675-in9r33ww 758 17 Human Human NNP cord-017675-in9r33ww 758 18 Rights Rights NNPS