# pos

id: cord-297734-rp7eoonp
pos: NNP
token:
  syriadirect.org/news/a-power-struggle-over-education-emerges-betweenrival-opposition-governments-in-idlib-province

lemma:
  syriadirect.org/news/a-power-struggle-over-education-emerges-betweenrival-opposition-governments-in-idlib-province


# ent

id: cord-252129-hlqr5jby
type: ORG
entity:
  Professional American Football Players Using Wearable Technology Sports Health Effectiveness of Resistance Circuit


id: cord-252129-hlqr5jby
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Effect of a Combined High Intensity Strength and Speed Training Program on the Running and Jumping Ability of Soccer Players Effects


id: cord-297734-rp7eoonp
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  the Midst of War Future Syrian Doctors Trained with Help From Yale Faculty Students Yale School of Public Health UAlbany


id: cord-261512-eoqrqnl4
type: GPE
entity:
  the United Kingdom Residency and Fellowship Program Accreditation Effects of the Novel Coronavirus COVID 19


id: cord-325916-t8feni6a
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  4 informative introductoryexplanatory units A D Table 2 plus 12 learning instructional thematic units 1e12 Table 2


id: cord-313087-8ku61qox
type: LOC
entity:
  the WHO European Region European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control WHO Regional Office for Europe Tuberculosis


id: cord-326582-qmavade5
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Assessment of the Angolan CHERRT Mobile Laboratory Curriculum for Disaster and Pandemic Response date 2020 04 13


id: cord-258475-hj7fverf
type: ORG
entity:
  Ireland Cognitive Task Analysis Bringing Olympic Athlete Style Training to Surgical Education Teaching


id: cord-308409-0n2ysgsa
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Training in Endoscopy Psychometric Properties of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale 7 GAD 7 in Outpatients with Anxiety and Mood Disorders Generalized Anxiety Disorder Prevalence of Burnout


id: cord-328315-idel6l11
type: ORG
entity:
  EU Health Professionals Perceptions of Preparedness for Ebola and Infectious Diseases of High Consequence


id: cord-328315-idel6l11
type: ORG
entity:
  Control Standard Operating Procedures SOP For Health Clinics Health Centers and Hospitals Liberia Ministry of Health IPC Task Force


id: cord-329388-defbarkz
type: ORG
entity:
  American College of Cardiology American Heart Association American Society of Echocardiography Advanced Training


id: cord-341720-qwdjb7vk
type: FAC
entity:
  the FCB An Integrated Multifactorial Approach to Periodization for Optimal Performance in Individual and Team Sports


id: cord-341720-qwdjb7vk
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Development of a Personalized Training Framework Implementation of Emerging Technologies for Performance Evidence


id: cord-315991-uecdbanf
type: CELL_LINE
entity:
  China Global COVID 19 cases 11 900 and 250 deaths in People s Republic of China First death of COVID 19


id: cord-315991-uecdbanf
type: GGP
entity:
  troponins coagulation profile CRP echocardiogram cardiac MRI D dimer ferritin C reactive protein erythrocyte sedimentary


id: cord-315991-uecdbanf
type: ORG
entity:
  Washington State Neurologic Manifestations of Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus 1021 Disease Coagulopathy


# bib

id: cord-003749-3uivy27w
author: Witkowska-Piłaszewicz, Olga
date: 2019-06-08
txt: ./txt/cord-003749-3uivy27w.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-003749-3uivy27w.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6616404/
doi: 10.3390/ani9060330
summary:
  This study is the first longitudinal investigation of the changes in routinely measured blood parameters and, additionally, serum amyloid A (SAA), during seven months, in Arabian horses introduced to endurance training and competing in events for young horses. It has been determined that CPK, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin concentration, red blood cell count (RBC), and concentration of total serum protein (TSP) slightly increased after training sessions and competitions in similar manner. In endurance horses, creatine phosphokinase activity (CPK) poses the most important functional measurement and, additionally, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin concentration (HGB), red blood cell count (RBC), and concentration of total serum protein (TSP), glucose, phosphorus, and potassium [1, 2] are commonly determined. Our study indicates that, in the horses that begin their endurance carrier, the measurements of SAA concentration, together with commonly accepted parameters, give additional insight into the training process.

title:
  Changes in Serum Amyloid A (SAA) Concentration in Arabian Endurance Horses During First Training Season

abstract:
  Sport training leads to adaptation to physical effort that is reflected by the changes in blood parameters. In equine endurance athletes, blood testing is accepted as a support in training, however, only the changes before versus after exercise in creatine phosphokinase activity (CPK) and basic blood parameters are usually measured. This study is the first longitudinal investigation of the changes in routinely measured blood parameters and, additionally, serum amyloid A (SAA), during seven months, in Arabian horses introduced to endurance training and competing in events for young horses. It has been determined that CPK, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin concentration, red blood cell count (RBC), and concentration of total serum protein (TSP) slightly increased after training sessions and competitions in similar manner. The increase in white blood cell (WBC) count was higher after competitions and SAA increased only after competitions. Total protein concentration was the only parameter that increased with training during a 7-month program. SAA indicated only in the case of heavy effort, and, it thus may be helpful in the monitoring of training in young horses. In an optimal program, its concentration should not increase after a training session but only after heavy effort, which should not be repeated too often.


id: cord-013023-uanozm00
author: Crouse, Richard B
date: 2020-09-18
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7529459/
doi: 10.7554/elife.57335
title:
  Acetylcholine is released in the basolateral amygdala in response to predictors of reward and enhances the learning of cue-reward contingency

abstract:
  The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is critical for associating initially neutral cues with appetitive and aversive stimuli and receives dense neuromodulatory acetylcholine (ACh) projections. We measured BLA ACh signaling and activity of neurons expressing CaMKIIα (a marker for glutamatergic principal cells) in mice during cue-reward learning using a fluorescent ACh sensor and calcium indicators. We found that ACh levels and nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) cholinergic terminal activity in the BLA (NBM-BLA) increased sharply in response to reward-related events and shifted as mice learned the cue-reward contingency. BLA CaMKIIα neuron activity followed reward retrieval and moved to the reward-predictive cue after task acquisition. Optical stimulation of cholinergic NBM-BLA terminal fibers led to a quicker acquisition of the cue-reward contingency. These results indicate BLA ACh signaling carries important information about salient events in cue-reward learning and provides a framework for understanding how ACh signaling contributes to shaping BLA responses to emotional stimuli.


id: cord-030600-0o7xafqz
author: Fonseka, T
date: 2020-08-17
txt: ./txt/cord-030600-0o7xafqz.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-030600-0o7xafqz.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7435206/
doi: 10.1177/2051415820950109
summary:
  The importance of training in human factors and non-technical skills has also been brought to the fore while operating under the constraints of personal protective equipment and working in new teams and unfamiliar environments. Furthermore, operating in the challenging environment of COVID-19 has also highlighted the impact of human factors (HF) and non-technical skills training, especially in reducing medical error. With the large-scale changes to operative and clinical practice, one may argue that managing patients within the COVID-19 pandemic can also present new and unforeseen training opportunities; for example, the ability to learn skills in crisis management, healthcare management and leadership skills. 5 Core surgical trainees will undoubtedly experience difficulties in gaining exposure to emergency and elective urology over the next few months due to reduced clinical activity and the redeployment of many to staff wards occupied mostly by patients with COVID-19.

title:
  The effects of COVID-19 on training within urology: Lessons learned in virtual learning, human factors, non-technical skills and reflective practice

abstract:
  The COVID-19 pandemic has changed training and recruitment in urology in unprecedented ways. As efforts are made to ensure trainees can continue to progress, lessons can be learned to improve training and urological practice even after the acute phase of the pandemic is over. Novel methods of education through virtual learning have burgeoned amidst the social distancing the pandemic has brought. The importance of training in human factors and non-technical skills has also been brought to the fore while operating under the constraints of personal protective equipment and working in new teams and unfamiliar environments. This paper critically appraises the available evidence of how urological training has been affected by COVID-19 and the lessons we have learned and continue to learn going forward. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Not Applicable.


id: cord-159103-dbgs2ado
title: The Future of Digital Health with Federated Learning
author: Rieke, Nicola
date: 2020-03-18
txt: ./txt/cord-159103-dbgs2ado.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-159103-dbgs2ado.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.08119v1.pdf
doi: nan
summary:
  The medical FL use-case is inherently different from other domains, e.g. in terms of number of participants and data diversity, and while recent surveys investigate the research advances and open questions of FL [14, 11, 15] , we focus on what it actually means for digital health and what is needed to enable it. Transfer Learning, for example, is a well-established approach of model-sharing that makes it possible to tackle problems with deep neural networks that have millions of parameters, despite the lack of extensive, local datasets that are required for training from scratch: a model is first trained on a large dataset and then further optimised on the actual target data. To adopt this approach into a form of collaborative learning in a FL setup with continuous learning from different institutions, the participants can share their model with a peer-to-peer architecture in a "round-robin" or parallel fashion and train in turn on their local data.

abstract:
  Data-driven Machine Learning has emerged as a promising approach for building accurate and robust statistical models from medical data, which is collected in huge volumes by modern healthcare systems. Existing medical data is not fully exploited by ML primarily because it sits in data silos and privacy concerns restrict access to this data. However, without access to sufficient data, ML will be prevented from reaching its full potential and, ultimately, from making the transition from research to clinical practice. This paper considers key factors contributing to this issue, explores how Federated Learning (FL) may provide a solution for the future of digital health and highlights the challenges and considerations that need to be addressed.


id: cord-209221-vjfmxsks
title: Data Transfer Approaches to Improve Seq-to-Seq Retrosynthesis
author: Ishiguro, Katsuhiko
date: 2020-10-02
txt: ./txt/cord-209221-vjfmxsks.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-209221-vjfmxsks.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.00792v1.pdf
doi: nan
summary:
  Experimental results show that typical data transfer methods can improve test prediction scores of an off-the-shelf Transformer baseline model. The result shows that every data transfer method can improve the test prediction accuracy of an off-the-shelf Transformer retrosynthesis model. Table 3 : n-best accuracy of retrosynthesis tasks on USPTO-50K, with different data-transfer training methods. n-best accuracy (%) Training Method n = 1 n = 3 n = 5 n = 10 n = 20 n = 50 Single model (No Transfer) 35.3 ± 1.4 52.8 ± 1.4 58.9 ± 1.3 64.5 ± 1.2 68.8 ± 1.2 72.1 ± 1.3 Joint Training 38.4 ± 0.9 60.7 ± 0.5 67.8 ± 0.4 75.2 ± 0.3 80.4 ± 0.4 84.9 ± 0.3 Self-Training 41.2 ± 0.3 60.2 ± 0.4 66.2 ± 0.2 71.9 ± 0.3 75.5 ± 0.5 78.2 ± 0.5 Pre-training + Fine-Tune 52.2 ± 0.4 73.1 ± 0.4 78.8 ± 0.4 83.7 ± 0.3 86.3 ± 0.3 88.2 ± 0.3

abstract:
  Retrosynthesis is a problem to infer reactant compounds to synthesize a given product compound through chemical reactions. Recent studies on retrosynthesis focus on proposing more sophisticated prediction models, but the dataset to feed the models also plays an essential role in achieving the best generalizing models. Generally, a dataset that is best suited for a specific task tends to be small. In such a case, it is the standard solution to transfer knowledge from a large or clean dataset in the same domain. In this paper, we conduct a systematic and intensive examination of data transfer approaches on end-to-end generative models, in application to retrosynthesis. Experimental results show that typical data transfer methods can improve test prediction scores of an off-the-shelf Transformer baseline model. Especially, the pre-training plus fine-tuning approach boosts the accuracy scores of the baseline, achieving the new state-of-the-art. In addition, we conduct a manual inspection for the erroneous prediction results. The inspection shows that the pre-training plus fine-tuning models can generate chemically appropriate or sensible proposals in almost all cases.


id: cord-252129-hlqr5jby
author: Bisciotti, Gian Nicola
date: 2020-06-25
txt: ./txt/cord-252129-hlqr5jby.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-252129-hlqr5jby.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2020.96652
doi: 10.5114/biolsport.2020.96652
summary:
  A period of 2-4 weeks of detraining causes a quick initial decrease in VO 2 max followed over the longer term by a decrease of blood volume together with a de-Biology of Sport, Vol. 37 No3, 2020 315 Return to football training and competition after lockdown human skeletal muscle shows three different types MyHC: type I, type IIa and type IIx. The so-called "pure fibres" express a single MyHC isoform, while the so-called "hybrid fibres" show co-expression of multiple MyHC isoforms [22] . Since the long detraining period caused by lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic may have caused both a loss of muscle mass (atrophy) and a decrease or a loss of the fast fibres'' particular characteristics, we suggest organizing the resistance training in two periods. Some authors have reported an increase in Achilles tendon injuries Biology of Sport, Vol. 37 No3, 2020 317 Return to football training and competition after lockdown detraining period such as that imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic.

title:
  Return to football training and competition after lockdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic: medical recommendations

abstract:
  The lockdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic represents a great unknown regarding the physiological changes induced in elite football players. Although it will differ from country to country, the return to sport for professional football players will follow a forced lockdown never experienced and longer than the normal annual season break. Moreover, in addition to an obvious decrease in performance, the lockdown will possibly lead to an increase of the injury risk. In fact, preseason is always a period with a specific football injury epidemiology, with an increase in the incidence and prevalence of overuse injuries. Therefore, it seems appropriate to recommend that specific training and injury prevention programmes be developed, with careful load monitoring. Training sessions should include specific aerobic, resistance, speed and flexibility training programmes. The aerobic, resistance and speed training should respect some specific phases based on the progressiveness of the training load and the consequent physiological adaptation response. These different phases, based on the current evidence found in the literature, are described in their practical details. Moreover, injury prevention exercises should be incorporated, especially focusing on overuse injuries such as tendon and muscle lesions. The aim of this paper is to provide practical recommendations for the preparation of training sessions for professional footballers returning to sport after the lockdown.


id: cord-256960-57syyb9n
title: Detraining Effects Prevention: A New Rising Challenge for Athletes
author: Girardi, Michele
date: 2020-10-15
txt: ./txt/cord-256960-57syyb9n.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-256960-57syyb9n.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33178050/
doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.588784
abstract: nan
summary:
  Such changes may result in a significant decay of the quantity and worsening of the quality of training stimuli, making athletes exposed to some potential levels of detraining (i.e., "partial or complete loss of training-induced anatomical, physiological and performance adaptations"; Mujika and Padilla, 2000b) and to increased risks of injury. For example, whereas 21 days of training-stimuli reduction (continuous and intermittent endurance training, 3 days/week) seem to counteract detraining effects (Rietjens et al., 2001) , impairments on endurance performance, resting metabolic rate, body weight and composition have been found following 35-42 days of light-moderate exercise (<6.0 METS, 3 days/week) (Ormsbee and Arciero, 2012) . In line with these studies, muscle atrophy and other detraininginduced morphological changes in muscle fiber distribution and architecture (Coyle, 1988) and/or FT cross-sectional area (Bangsbo and Mizuno, 1988; Allen, 1989; Amigó et al., 1998) have been consistently reported in more recent investigations for athletes of different disciplines such as endurance runners, cyclists, soccer and rugby players, following 3-8 weeks of training cessation.


id: cord-258475-hj7fverf
author: Ahmad, Karam
date: 2020-09-23
txt: ./txt/cord-258475-hj7fverf.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-258475-hj7fverf.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2049080120303368
doi: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.09.031
summary:
  title: Using cognitive task analysis to train orthopaedic surgeons Is it time to think differently?A systematic review All studies showed objective or subjective benefits from CTA in orthopaedic training when compared to traditional methods. CONCLUSION: CTA learning tools have demonstrated significant objective and subjective benefits in trauma and orthopaedic training. The study on CTA and AA-THA by Logishetty at al [19] found cognitively trained 170 participants were on average 35% faster, made 69% fewer errors in instrument selection, and 171 required 92% fewer prompts. Bhattacharyya et al [17, 18] , 183 found that participants agreed the cognitive task analysis learning tool was a useful training 184 adjunct to learning in the operating room. Arthroscopy Skills Development With a Surgical Simulator: A Comparative Study in Orthopaedic Surgery Residents Trauma simulation training: a randomized controlled trial -evaluating the effectiveness of the Imperial Femoral Intramedullary Nailing Cognitive Task Analysis (IFINCTA) tool

title:
  Using cognitive task analysis to train orthopaedic surgeons - Is it time to think differently?A systematic review

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Working time restraints; senior led care; and a reduction in ‘out of hours’ operating has resulted in less operating time for orthopaedic trainees in the United Kingdom. Therefore, there has been an attempt to overcome these challenges by implementing novel techniques. Cognitive Task Analysis (CTA) focuses on the mental steps required to complete complex procedures. It has been used in training athletes and in general surgery but is new to orthopaedic training. AIMS: To undertake a systematic review to analyse if CTA is beneficial to train novice surgeons in common orthopaedic and trauma procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review was performed evaluating CTA in trauma and orthopaedic surgery on MEDLINE and EMBASE. Search terms used were: Cognitive task’, ‘mental rehearsal’ and ‘Orthop*‘. 33 studies were originally identified. Duplicate studies were excluded (11). Articles not relating to Orthopaedic surgery were excluded (15). The CTA research ranking scale was used to evaluate the impact of the studies included. RESULTS: 7 studies were identified as appropriate for inclusion. 264 participants. 178 M, 86F. All studies showed objective or subjective benefits from CTA in orthopaedic training when compared to traditional methods. The majority of the participants highlighted high subjective satisfaction with the use of the CTA tools and reported that they proved to be excellent adjuncts to the traditional apprenticeship model. CONCLUSION: CTA learning tools have demonstrated significant objective and subjective benefits in trauma and orthopaedic training. It is cost effective, easily accessible and allows repeated practice which is key in simulation training.


id: cord-261512-eoqrqnl4
title: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on anaesthesia trainees and their training
author: Sneyd, J.Robert
date: 2020-07-23
txt: ./txt/cord-261512-eoqrqnl4.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-261512-eoqrqnl4.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32773215/
doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.07.011
summary:
  title: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on anaesthesia trainees and their training To better understand and to document these impacts, we contacted anaesthesia trainees and trainers across six continents and collated their experiences during the pandemic. Training in anaesthesia and intensive care, with a degree of overlap that varies on a country by country basis, has evolved from a time-serving apprenticeship to structured programs with bespoke models of learning, reflection and assessment. Recent experience with elective surgery suggests the impact of COVID-19 may extend far beyond an ICU capacity and staffing problem 1 with as yet unknown implications for training. They were asked to describe the impacts of the pandemic on themselves and their colleagues including: change of case mix, altered experiential learning opportunities, senior staff taking the lead on procedures, deferral or cancellation of teaching, workplace based assessments and exams, impacted rotations, anxiety and mental health. Training disrupted: Practical tips for supporting competency-based medical education during the COVID-19 pandemic

abstract:
  COVID-19 (SARS-CoV2) has dislocated clinical services and postgraduate training. To better understand and to document these impacts, we contacted anaesthesia trainees and trainers across six continents and collated their experiences during the pandemic. All aspects of training programmes have been affected. Trainees report that reduced case-load, sub-specialty experience and supervised procedures are impairing learning. Cancelled educational activities, postponed exams and altered rotations threaten progression through training. Job prospects and international opportunities are downgraded. Work related anxieties about provision of Personal Protective Equipment, and risks to self and to colleagues are superimposed on concerns for family and friends and domestic disruption. These seismic changes have had consequences for wellbeing and mental health. In response, anaesthetists have developed innovations in teaching and trainee support. New technologies support trainer-trainee interactions, with a focus on e-learning. National training bodies and medical regulators that specify training and oversee assessment of trainees and their progression have provided flexibility in their requirements. Within anaesthesia departments, support transcends grades and job titles with lessons for the future. Attention to wellness, awareness of mental health issues and multimodal support can attenuate but not eliminate trainee distress.


id: cord-264958-dbqit3vu
title: The pursuit of radiology training in times of a pandemic
author: Pervez, Anum
date: 2020-09-07
txt: ./txt/cord-264958-dbqit3vu.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-264958-dbqit3vu.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1259/bjro.20200039
doi: 10.1259/bjro.20200039
summary:
  We reflect on the impact COVID-19 has had on Radiology training and explore how to move forward, seeking opportunities for improvement in this time of crisis. Phase I: Initial response As the magnitude of the COVID-19 pandemic became increasingly apparent, and hospitals issued major incident warnings, Radiology departments across the country had to reconfigure the delivery of their services to match new, unprecedented demands.This put an emphasis on prompt reporting, clearing of backlogs and redistribution of the general workload. For those trainees left behind, new rotas were designed to ensure demand for services could be met, whilst also limiting the numbers travelling to and spending ''nonessential'' time at work. We argue that, of all the medical disciplines, radiologists are best placed to design and implement technology-based training, and lead other specialties in doing so. We argue that, of all the medical disciplines, radiologists are best placed to design and implement technology-based training, and lead other specialties in doing so.

abstract:
  The Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has been the greatest challenge faced by the National Health Service (NHS) in its lifetime. The crisis has seen the disruption of many long-held institutions, most critically of which is specialty training. In this article, we discuss the impact of the pandemic on Radiology training in the UK. We explore the methods that have been used to combat these difficulties and suggest workable solutions. As technology platforms become ever more integral to our daily clinical routines, we discuss how these offer a new approach to training. We argue that, of all the medical disciplines, radiologists are best placed to design and implement technology-based training, and lead other specialties in doing so. Whilst the upheaval of traditional approaches to education is a challenge, we propose that this departure from the norm offers exciting opportunities for improvement.


id: cord-267229-hdnzs9o6
author: Yang, Dennis
date: 2020-06-03
txt: ./txt/cord-267229-hdnzs9o6.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-267229-hdnzs9o6.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32504699/
doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2020.05.047
summary:
  Competence in a major skill, as detailed by the ASGE, involves the following components: (1) understanding of the indications, benefits, risk and alternatives to the procedure; (2) ability to perform the procedure proficiently and safely; (3) identify and manage adverse events that may arise; (4) interpret endoscopic findings accurately; (5) incorporate these into the overall clinical evaluation of the patient; and (6) provide a comprehensive pre-and postprocedural plan [12, 13] . Based on these criteria, most advanced endoscopic procedures, such as EUS, ERCP, ESD, and POEM would constitute "major" skills requiring dedicated training (Table 1) . In light of these issues, the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) recently issued a position statement with recommendations for a core curriculum to achieve high quality training in ESD [19] , clearly outlining that trainees should not perform complex endoscopic procedures in humans independently without having undergone sufficient training (ie, supervised cases by experts, structured focused fellowships).

title:
  The status of training in new technologies in advanced endoscopy: from defining competence to credentialing and privileging

abstract:
  Abstract The landscape of advanced endoscopy continues to evolve as new technologies and techniques become available. Although postgraduate advanced endoscopy fellowships have traditionally centered on ERCP and diagnostic EUS, the breadth of training has increased over the years in response to the ever-growing demand for therapeutic endoscopy. The increasing diversity and complexity of emerging endoscopic techniques accompanied by the shift in focus toward competency-based medical education requires innovative changes to the curriculum that will ensure adequate training yet without compromising best patient practices. The purpose of this review is to highlight the expansive array of advanced endoscopic procedures and the challenges of both defining and measuring competence during training. All authors are interventional endoscopists at their respective institutions performing these complex procedures, as well as training fellows in these techniques. We share our perspectives based on our experience navigating through these issues at our institutions and discuss strategies to standardize training and how to potentially incorporate these measures toward the process of credentialing and privileging in endoscopy.


id: cord-274448-lzxhtnfi
author: Chua, Alfredo
date: 2020-06-05
txt: ./txt/cord-274448-lzxhtnfi.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-274448-lzxhtnfi.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13187-020-01786-2
doi: 10.1007/s13187-020-01786-2
summary:
  title: Changing the Landscape of Medical Oncology Training at the National University Hospital in the Philippines during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic Serving as one of the few training institutions of medical oncology in the Philippines, the University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital was faced with challenges brought by the coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Furthermore, the Philippine Society of Medical Oncology (PSMO) designates topics to each training institution for monthly round-table discussions tackling interesting cases with dilemmas in management. With the ECQ and the temporary closure of the Cancer Institute, the medical oncology training program was essentially put on hold starting the second week of March. Prioritizing the safety of both patients and healthcare providers, continuation of cancer care amidst the COVID-19 pandemic has been the overall goal [2] [3] [4] . During discussions, emphasis was given on the important considerations in the management of cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.

title:
  Changing the Landscape of Medical Oncology Training at the National University Hospital in the Philippines during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic

abstract:
  Serving as one of the few training institutions of medical oncology in the Philippines, the University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital was faced with challenges brought by the coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) pandemic. With the dismantling of routines and practices in the hospital, training activities such as daily rounds, conferences, and examinations were temporarily put on hold. Recognizing that the strength of any clinical training program is its wealth of patients, the immediate resumption of patient services, albeit limited at first, had been instrumental in ensuring the continuation of training in our institution. Opportunistic teaching-learning strategies between the faculty and fellows were devised. Innovative approaches to learning such as the use of online meeting platforms for division conferences, webinars, examinations, and other learning activities were initiated. Emphasis was given on the important considerations in the management of cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. The emotional and psychological well-being of the faculty and fellows during this crisis were considered and a mental health assessment was conducted prior to the resumption of training activities.


id: cord-275711-ejw3ausf
author: Mon-López, Daniel
date: 2020-09-05
txt: ./txt/cord-275711-ejw3ausf.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-275711-ejw3ausf.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32899526/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186471
summary:
  This study is one of the first to analyse the impact of the isolation period caused by COVID-19 on the training (intensity and volume) and recovery conditions (quantity and quality of sleep) of professional and non-professional handball players according to the influence of transitory psychological factors (moods) and personality trait (emotional intelligence and resilience). Based on the results yielded: (i) training and recovery conditions of the handball players were modified during the isolation period, reducing the intensity-RPE (in the whole sample), volume-Tdays and Thours (especially in professional female handball players) and sleep quality-Squality (especially in professional male handball players) and increasing sleep hours-Shours (especially in non-professional female players); and (ii) the psychological factors analysed (mood, emotional intelligence, and resilience) had an impact on training and recovery conditions, except for sleep quantity, during the Covid-19 lockdown.

title:
  The Impact of Covid-19 and the Effect of Psychological Factors on Training Conditions of Handball Players

abstract:
  The spread of COVID-19 has altered sport in Spain, forcing athletes to train at home. The objectives of the study were: (i) to compare training and recovery conditions before and during the isolation period in handball players according to gender and competitive level, and (ii) to analyse the impact of psychological factors during the isolation period. A total of 187 participants (66 women and 121 men) answered a Google Forms questionnaire about demographics, training, moods, emotional intelligence, and resilience sent using the snowball sampling technique. T-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to compare sport level and gender differences. Linear regressions were used to analyse the psychological influence on training. Handball players reduced training intensity (in the whole sample; p = 0.44), training volume (especially in professional female handball players; p < 0.001), and sleep quality (especially in professional male handball players; p = 0.21) and increased sleep hours (especially in non-professional female players; p = 0.006) during the isolation period. Furthermore, psychological factors affected all evaluated training and recovery conditions during the quarantine, except for sleep quantity. Mood, emotional intelligence, and resilience have an influence on physical activity levels and recovery conditions. In addition, training components were modified under isolation conditions at p < 0.001. We conclude that the COVID-19 isolation period caused reductions in training volume and intensity and decreased sleep quality. Furthermore, psychological components have a significant impact on training and recovery conditions.


id: cord-279891-v71rysnw
author: Karampekos, George
date: 2020-10-12
txt: ./txt/cord-279891-v71rysnw.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-279891-v71rysnw.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33162746/
doi: 10.20524/aog.2020.0546
summary:
  In both questionnaires, the latter section consisted of the same 20 questions, classified into 5 distinctive domains, assessing participants'' perception of the effect of the COVID-19 outbreak on: 1) the overall impact on training; 2) the impact on training in gastroenterology-specific fields (endoscopy, inflammatory bowel disease, hepatology); 3) the impact on different aspects of endoscopy training; 4) the impact on academic training; and 5) perspectives regarding training in the post-pandemic era. Specifically, one international study, involving 770 trainees from 63 countries [8] , reported that the pandemic led to restrictions in endoscopic volumes (99%; IQR 85-100% reduction in all procedures) and endoscopy training, with high rates of anxiety and burnout, while a second questionnaire distributed to members of the Italian Young Gastroenterologist and Endoscopist Association and some European representatives, not including Greece [9] , underlined the significant impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on gastroenterologists'' clinical activity.

title:
  Differences between fellows and fellowship program directors in their perception of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gastroenterology training: results from a nationwide survey in Greece

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Lockdown measures applied during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak caused a significant disturbance to hospital routine. We assessed trainees’ and fellowship directors’ perceptions regarding the impact of the pandemic on gastroenterology fellowship training. METHODS: A web-based survey was anonymously disseminated to all Greek gastroenterology fellows and fellowship program directors. Participants completed electronically a questionnaire comprised of 5 domains that assessed participants’ perception of: 1) overall impact on training; 2) impact on training in gastroenterology-specific fields (endoscopy, inflammatory bowel disease, hepatology); 3) impact on different aspects of endoscopy training; 4) impact on academic training; and 5) training perspectives for the post-pandemic era. RESULTS: A total of 77/128 fellows (60.1%) and 18/28 fellowship program directors (64.3%) responded. More fellows reported that the COVID-19 pandemic would have an adverse impact on fellowship training compared to their fellowship program directors (81.8% vs. 55.6%, P=0.038). This concern was mainly focused on endoscopy training (83.1% vs. 27.8%, P<0.001), with no difference regarding training in gastroenterology’s other specific fields. The difference was consistent for technical skills (79.2% vs. 38.9%, P=0.001), and for the performance of basic diagnostic (70.1% vs. 22.2%, P<0.001) and emergency (48.1% vs. 11.1%, P=0.004) procedures. Fellows and fellowship program directors identified the unknown timeframe of measure implementation and the postponement of scheduled endoscopic procedures as the main factors that negatively affected training. Extension of the fellowship training program was deemed the optimal option by fellows for addressing the training decrement in the post-pandemic era, while fellowship program directors favored an increase in workload. CONCLUSION: Fellows and their fellowship program directors do not share the same concerns about the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on training programs and they propose different measures to remedy its effects.


id: cord-282176-537vim4n
title: Postgraduate Medical Training and COVID-19 Pandemic: Should We Stop, Freeze, or Continue?
author: Algiraigri, Ali H.
date: 2020-05-19
txt: ./txt/cord-282176-537vim4n.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-282176-537vim4n.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452301120300377?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.hpe.2020.04.002
summary:
  Abstract While many countries in the world are going through a state of lockdown to limit the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [1], such a state may affect postgraduate medical training (PGMT) adversely in different aspects. While many countries in the world are going through a state of lockdown to limit the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [1] , such a state may affect postgraduate medical training (PGMT) adversely in different aspects. These include a decreased number of clinical cases related to the specialty, staff shortage, cancelation of educational conferences, and difficulties conducting formal in-training and licensing examinations. These include a decreased number of clinical cases related to the specialty, staff shortage, cancelation of educational conferences, and difficulties conducting formal in-training and licensing examinations. However, within these lockdowns, we need to rethink how to do things differently, while maintaining high quality of the assessment tools.

abstract:
  Abstract While many countries in the world are going through a state of lockdown to limit the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [1], such a state may affect postgraduate medical training (PGMT) adversely in different aspects. These include a decreased number of clinical cases related to the specialty, staff shortage, cancelation of educational conferences, and difficulties conducting formal in-training and licensing examinations. Trainees, program directors, licensing bodies, and other stakeholders are in a difficult situation regarding what to do next. Such a situation raises several critical questions related to the training that we tried to address here.


id: cord-282265-8pfbzach
title: COVID‐19 significantly affects specialty training
author: Yu, Christiaan
date: 2020-08-22
txt: ./txt/cord-282265-8pfbzach.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-282265-8pfbzach.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1111/imj.14975
doi: 10.1111/imj.14975
abstract: nan
summary:
  Re-deployment away from usual training roles and suspension of all nonessential procedures and surgeries have limited trainees'' specialty knowledge and skill acquisition, interrupting progression through training. While temporary solutions, such as rescheduling exams, waiver for certain training requirements and training time extension may help alleviate anxiety, novel models of training, assessment and support need to be developed. 2 For non-procedural specialities, there is also added complexity in initial assessment and management of patients under droplet/airborne precautions. In medicine, simulation training has been shown to improve procedural skills, clinical approach and situational awareness. Procedures can be performed in a safe virtual environment, technical skills assessed against pre-specified benchmarks, and instantaneous feedback provided. 5 Virtual interactive cases may also offer a validated form of clinical experience to non-procedural specialty trainees. Further research should focus on integrating simulation-based medical training programmes into current curriculums to reflect college requirements. Training and simulation for patient safety


id: cord-285639-1vf7ot1r
title: COVID 19 and training in the UK- Correspondence
author: Tait, S.
date: 2020-05-01
txt: ./txt/cord-285639-1vf7ot1r.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-285639-1vf7ot1r.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32371151/
doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.04.061
abstract: nan
summary:
  In our trust in January 2020, 294 general surgical elective operations were performed. Over the same period in emergency surgery; in January 2020 97 operations were performed, in March 2020 75 and since lockdown 27. Current fears surround the impact on ARCP outcomes for trainees with the potential for training to be extended so that competencies can be met. With the confounding factors of meeting ARCP requirements, changes to ST3 surgical application process, delays in exams and courses and the knock-on effect on progression, this is a difficult and dark time for surgical training. With these anxieties in mind, the Joint Committee on Surgical Training (JCST) [4] has arranged access to psychological support for trainees in this difficult and uncertain time. They are also reviewing the impact on surgical training and the ARCP process.


id: cord-288933-q3b0r5ig
title: Evaluation of Vaccination Training in Pharmacy Curriculum: Preparing Students for Workforce Needs
author: Bushell, Mary
date: 2020-08-20
txt: ./txt/cord-288933-q3b0r5ig.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-288933-q3b0r5ig.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32825470/
doi: 10.3390/pharmacy8030151
summary:
  Background: To introduce and evaluate a university vaccination training program, preparing final year Bachelor of Pharmacy (BPharm) and Master of Pharmacy (MPharm) students to administer vaccinations to children and adults in community pharmacy and offsite (mobile and outreach) settings. Since then, regulations across all Australian states and territories have been modified to allow appropriately trained pharmacists to administer vaccinations to adults and more recently children aged 10 and over [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] . The vaccination training program developed by the authors and evaluated in this paper, used the learning outcomes for the National Immunization Education Framework for Health Professionals [14] . This framework was designed to facilitate the development of nationally consistent, quality education programs for Australian Health Professionals, who are not medical practitioners, who want to be recognized as competent to administer vaccinations within their scope of practice. The training, co delivered by pharmacists, pharmacy and nursing academics (all authorized immunizers), focused on teaching the knowledge and skills to administer vaccinations to adults.

abstract:
  Background: To introduce and evaluate a university vaccination training program, preparing final year Bachelor of Pharmacy (BPharm) and Master of Pharmacy (MPharm) students to administer vaccinations to children and adults in community pharmacy and offsite (mobile and outreach) settings. Methods: Final year BPharm and MPharm students were trained to administer intramuscular vaccinations to adults and children. The education program embedded in pharmacy degree curriculum was congruent with the requirements of the Australian National Immunisation Education Framework. The training used a mix of pedagogies including online learning; interactive lectures; and simulation, which included augmented reality and role play. All pharmacy students completing the program in 2019 were required to carry out pre- and post-knowledge assessments. Student skill of vaccination was assessed using an objective structured clinical assessment rubric. Students were invited to complete pre and post questionnaires on confidence. The post questionnaire incorporated student evaluation of learning experience questions. Results: In both cohorts, student vaccination knowledge increased significantly after the completion of the vaccination training program; pre-intervention and post-intervention mean knowledge score (SD) of BPharm and MPharm were (14.3 ± 2.7 vs. 22.7 ± 3.3; p < 0.001) and (15.7 ± 2.9 vs. 21.4 ± 3.2; p < 0.001) respectively. There was no difference between the BPharm and MPharm in the overall knowledge test scores, (p = 0.81; p = 0.95) pre and post scores respectively. Using the OSCA rubric, all students (n = 52) were identified as competent in the skill of injection and could administer an IM deltoid injection to a child and adult mannequin. Students agreed that the training increased their self-confidence to administer injections to both children and adults. Students found value in the use of mixed reality to enhance student understanding of the anatomy of injection sites. Conclusion: The developed vaccination training program improved both student knowledge and confidence. Pharmacy students who complete such training should be able to administer vaccinations to children and adults, improving workforce capability. Mixed reality in the education of pharmacy students can be used to improve student satisfaction and enhance learning.


id: cord-291366-d5d9l0xr
author: Eirale, Cristiano
date: 2020-04-10
txt: ./txt/cord-291366-d5d9l0xr.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-291366-d5d9l0xr.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32508388/
doi: 10.5114/biolsport.2020.94348
summary:
  In this period, there is an important reduction, or even a Medical recommendations for home-confined footballers'' training during the COVID-19 pandemic: from evidence to practical application AUTHORS: Cristiano Eirale 1 , Giannicola Bisciotti 1,2 , Alessandro Corsini 3 , Christophe Baudot 1 , Gerard Saillant 1 , Hakim Chalabi 1,2 1 Paris Saint Germain FC, France 2 Aspetar Sports and Orthopedics Hospital-Doha, Qatar 3 Internazionale Milano FC, Italy ABSTRACT: In early 2020, the world is facing a global emergency called COVID-19. Therefore, considering both the high and dramatic specificity of the current pandemic period and the absence of evidence concerning sport activity during the COVID-19 pandemic [26] , the training rules mentioned below are mainly based on the principle of "maximal caution" [27] . For these reasons, we do not recommend any kind of training in case of fever following a COVID infection and, due to the lack of evidence, the principle of maximal prudence should be followed upon return to sport.

title:
  Medical recommendations for home-confined footballers’ training during the COVID-19 pandemic: from evidence to practical application

abstract:
  In early 2020, the world is facing a global emergency called COVID-19. Many professional footballers around the world are home confined. The maintenance of physical capacity is a fundamental requirement for the athlete, so the training sessions must be adapted to this unique situation. Specific recommendations must be followed concerning the type of training, its intensity, the precautions that have to be followed to avoid the possibility of contagion, and the restrictions in accordance with the presence of any symptoms. This article analyses the available scientific evidence in order to recommend a practical approach.


id: cord-293041-7ndp05ru
title: The Effect of Response Inhibition Training on Risky Decision-Making Task Performance
author: Xu, Pengbo
date: 2020-07-24
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32793080/
doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01806
abstract:
  Response inhibition is an important component of executive function and plays an indispensable role in decision-making and other advanced cognitive processes. At the same time, we need an effective way to improve decision-making in the face of complex and limited information. This study mainly explored the influence of response inhibition training on college students’ risky decision-making. The recruited students were randomly divided into the training group (n = 28) and the control group (n = 28). The training group engaged in Go/NoGo and stop-signal tasks for 2 weeks, while the control group was given the task of reading and summarizing popular science articles related to self-control. The Stroop task and Balloon Analog Risk Task were used to evaluate the pretest and posttest performance in inhibitory control and risky decision-making tasks, respectively, for all subjects. The results showed that response inhibition training can be effectively transferred to interference control task performance. The results showed that both the reward acquired and adjusted Balloon Analog Risk Task score (adj BART) significantly improved compared to the pretest in the training group, while the control group showed no significant differences in the reward acquired and the adj BART between the pretest and the posttest. Although response inhibition training increased risky behaviors in the Balloon Analog Risk Task, it substantially reduced overly conservative behaviors and participants gained more money.


id: cord-297734-rp7eoonp
author: Bdaiwi, Yamama
date: 2020-07-08
txt: ./txt/cord-297734-rp7eoonp.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-297734-rp7eoonp.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13031-020-00287-9
doi: 10.1186/s13031-020-00287-9
summary:
  title: Challenges of providing healthcare worker education and training in protracted conflict: a focus on non-government controlled areas in north west Syria As a result of the protracted conflict, targeting of healthcare and demand for trained HCWs in north west Syria, new faculties and institutes have been established in attempts to meet the education and training needs of physician and non-physician HCWs. Established facilities include three public faculties of medicine and three faculties of pharmacy at the Free Aleppo University (FAU), Idlib University and Shahba University; the latter was established in Dana to cover areas that are geographically far from Idlib University''s main campuses. As such, focused and realistic strategies which include key stakeholders and which are led and coordinated by local governing bodies (health directorates) could improve opportunities for HCW education and training in north west Syria.

title:
  Challenges of providing healthcare worker education and training in protracted conflict: a focus on non-government controlled areas in north west Syria

abstract:
  Without healthcare workers (HCWs), health and humanitarian provision in Syria cannot be sustained either now or in the post-conflict phase. The protracted conflict has led to the exodus of more than 70% of the healthcare workforce. Those remaining work in dangerous conditions with insufficient resources and a healthcare system that has been decimated by protracted conflict. For many HCWs, particularly those in non-government-controlled areas (NGCAs) of Syria, undergraduate education and postgraduate training has been interrupted with few opportunities to continue. In this manuscript, we explore initiatives present in north west Syria at both undergraduate and postgraduate level for physician and non-physician HCWs. Conclusion: Challenges to HCW education in north west Syria can be broadly divided into 1. Organisational (local healthcare leadership and governance, coordination and collaboration between stakeholders, competition between stakeholders and insufficient funding.) 2. Programmatic (lack of accreditation or recognition of qualifications, insufficient physical space for teaching, exodus of faculty affecting teaching and training, prioritisation of physicians over non-physicians, informally trained healthcare workers.) 3. Healthcare system related (politicisation of healthcare system, changing healthcare needs of the population, ongoing attacks on healthcare.) Locally implementable strategies including dedicated funding are key to supporting retention of HCWs and return during post-conflict reconstruction.


id: cord-303861-qn8yifcd
author: Wang, Chongjian
date: 2008-05-31
txt: ./txt/cord-303861-qn8yifcd.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-303861-qn8yifcd.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033350607002776
doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2007.08.006
summary:
  Conclusions The emergency preparedness training programme met its aims and objectives satisfactorily, and resulted in positive shifts in knowledge and attitudinal/behavioural intentions for public health staff. Although the Chinese Government has already carried out a series of emergency education and training programmes to improve public health staff''s capability of emergency preparedness, it remains unclear if these training programmes are effective and feasible. Although the Chinese Government has already carried out a series of emergency education and training programmes to improve public health staff''s capability of emergency preparedness, it remains unclear if these training programmes are effective and feasible. Recognizing this, the Chinese Government carried out a series of emergency preparedness education and training programmes to improve the capability of public health staff to respond to emergencies nationwide. The results of the evaluation suggested that the emergency training strategy was effective and feasible in improving the capability of public health staff to respond to an emergency.

title:
  Evaluating the effectiveness of an emergency preparedness training programme for public health staff in China

abstract:
  Summary Background The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) crisis of 2003 provided a new urgency in China in terms of preparing public health staff to respond effectively to public health emergencies. Although the Chinese Government has already carried out a series of emergency education and training programmes to improve public health staff's capability of emergency preparedness, it remains unclear if these training programmes are effective and feasible. The purpose of this research was to evaluate an emergency preparedness training programme and to develop a participatory training approach for emergency response. Methods Seventy-six public health staff completed the emergency preparedness training programme. The effectiveness of the training was evaluated by questionnaire before training, immediately after training and 12 months after training (follow-up). Additionally, semi-structured interviews were conducted throughout the training period. Results The emergency preparedness training improved the knowledge levels and increased attitudinal and behavioural intention scores for emergency preparedness (P<0.01). The results at follow-up showed that the knowledge levels and attitudinal/behavioural intention scores of participants decreased slightly (P>0.05) compared with levels immediately after training (P<0.01). However, there was a significant increase compared with before training (P<0.01). Moreover, more than 80% of participants reported that the training process and resources were scientific and feasible. Conclusions The emergency preparedness training programme met its aims and objectives satisfactorily, and resulted in positive shifts in knowledge and attitudinal/behavioural intentions for public health staff. This suggests that this emergency training strategy was effective and feasible in improving the capability of emergency preparedness.


id: cord-308409-0n2ysgsa
title: Impact of COVID-19 on endoscopy trainees: an international survey
author: Pawlak, Katarzyna M.
date: 2020-06-11
txt: ./txt/cord-308409-0n2ysgsa.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-308409-0n2ysgsa.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S001651072034428X
doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2020.06.010
abstract: nan
summary:
  Therefore, in this international survey, we aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on endoscopy trainees, including procedure numbers, barriers to training, and the physical and emotional well-being of trainees. 2) Changes to institutional case volume 3) Trainee concerns regarding competency development and prolongation of training; 4) Anxiety, assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale, 12 and rates of burnout, measured using the single item burnout scale. Of the 770 (93.8%) trainees who reported a reduction in endoscopy procedural volumes during the COVID-19 study period, the reasons cited included: changes to institutional policy to exclude trainees from procedures (79.9%); lack of cases (58.3%); shortage of available PPE (28.8%); redeployment to another clinical area (24.0%); and personal reasons (10.2%). Our study showed that the COVID-19 pandemic has led to drastic reductions in endoscopic volumes and restrictions on endoscopy training, with detrimental effects on trainee well-being, including high rates of anxiety and burnout among trainees worldwide.


id: cord-312232-ktlrc5gx
author: Comfort, Alison B.
date: 2020-07-28
txt: ./txt/cord-312232-ktlrc5gx.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-312232-ktlrc5gx.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1083318820302862
doi: 10.1016/j.jpag.2020.07.010
summary:
  Offering contraceptive counseling and services on school campuses could be helpful for adolescents who wish to prevent pregnancy and/or STIs. Notably, a majority of adolescents and young adults report that they trust a clinician or a health care provider for birth control information. The intervention addressed adolescents'' access to the full range of contraceptive methods, helping overcome barriers on the provider side, including a lack of training in counseling and provision of IUDs and implants. Our study assessed the effect of an evidence-based provider training on contraceptive counseling and access to the full range of contraceptive services including IUDs and implants on providers'' knowledge, skills, counseling and provision practices ( Figure 1 ). This evaluation identified significant improvements among providers at SBHCs in knowledge, counseling skills and provision practices, with increased capacity to offer adolescents interested in IUDs or the implant with these methods.

title:
  Improving capacity at school-based health centers to offer adolescents counseling and access to comprehensive contraceptive services

abstract:
  Abstract Study Objectives Many pediatric providers serving adolescents are not trained to offer comprehensive contraceptive services, including intrauterine devices (IUDs) and implants, despite high safety and satisfaction among adolescents. This study assessed an initiative to train providers at school-based health centers (SBHCs) to offer students the full range of contraceptive methods. Design Surveys were administered at baseline pre-training and at follow-up three months post-training. Data were analyzed using generalized estimating equations for clustered data to examine clinical practice changes. Setting Eleven contraceptive trainings across the US from 2016-2019 Participants Two hundred-sixty providers from 158 SBHCs serving 135,800 students Interventions On-site training to strengthen patient-centered counseling and equip practitioners to integrate IUDs and implants into contraceptive services. Main Outcome Measures The outcomes included counseling experience on IUDs and implants, knowledge of patient eligibility, and clinician method skills. Results At follow-up, providers were significantly more likely to report having enough experience to counsel on IUDs (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 4.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.62—6.36]) and implants (aOR: 3.06; 95% CI, 2.05 – 4.57). Provider knowledge about patient eligibility for IUDs, including for adolescents, increased (p<0.001). Providers were more likely to offer same-visit IUD (aOR: 2.10; 95% CI, 1.41 – 3.12) and implant services (aOR: 1.66; 95% CI, 1.44 – 1.91). Clinicians’ skills with contraceptive devices improved, including for a newly available low-cost IUD (aOR:2.21; 95% CI, 1.45-3.36). Conclusions Offering an evidence-based training is a promising approach to increase counseling and access to comprehensive contraceptive services at SBHCs.


id: cord-313087-8ku61qox
author: Raftery, Philomena
date: 2020-05-11
txt: ./txt/cord-313087-8ku61qox.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-313087-8ku61qox.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-020-05240-3
doi: 10.1186/s12913-020-05240-3
summary:
  CONCLUSION: Based on the findings presented the training programme has proved to be successful in developing leadership, expertise, partnerships and networks to support TB laboratories and has contributed significant benefits to strengthening European National Reference laboratories in the fight against TB. The ERLTB-Net training programme aimed to increase the pool of technical experts with advanced knowledge of TB diagnostic methods, available to take leadership roles in national TB laboratories, and to support national TB laboratory systems and the EU/ EEA TB diagnostic community. Sixty-eight percent of the ERLTB-Net members were satisfied with the programme and recommended changes included: utilising existing collaborations and twin arrangements between the laboratories, concentrating on developing practical skills, support for research collaborations and implementation of online training (see Additional file 6). Based on the finding presented and discussed above we believe that the concept of the ERLTB-Net training programme has proved to be successful in developing expertise, partnerships and networks to support TB laboratories in the EU/EEA and has contributed significant benefits to European NRLs in the fight against TB.

title:
  European Union training programme for tuberculosis laboratory experts: design, contribution and future direction

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) control programmes rely heavily on laboratories to support both clinical care and public health. Qualified personnel with adequate technical and managerial skills comprise an integral component of any quality assured laboratory. Training a new generation of TB laboratory specialists was identified as a critical priority in the European Union /European Economic Area (EU/EEA). A tailored training programme for TB reference laboratory professionals was developed and implemented within the European Reference Laboratory Network for Tuberculosis to increase the pool of technical experts available to step into leadership roles in the TB laboratory community. Three cohorts of selected laboratory specialists participated in a series of trainings from 2009 to 2016. METHODS: We conducted an evaluation of the training programme using a structured questionnaire administered via the EUSurvey website, with the aim of documenting the benefits and contribution as well as suggesting improvements and future direction of the programme. All graduated participants and all current ERLTB-Net members were invited to participate in the online survey and descriptive quantitative analysis was performed. RESULTS: The evaluation found significant benefits for both the participants and the participants’ institutions, with improvements being reported in laboratory practices and management including implementation of new diagnostic techniques and career progression for participants. The training programme differed from other international and European initiatives in a number of important ways; the curriculum is unique in the scope and range of topics covered; the programme targets senior level professionals and future directors; cohorts were limited to 8–10 participants; and the programme involved a number of workshops (5–7) taking place over a two-year period. Relationships and collaborations established between individuals and institutions were valued as an important success of the initiative. Suggestions on how the impact of the programme could be enhanced included equipping participants to perform laboratory assessments in low-resource settings outside the EU, thus bolstering global TB control. CONCLUSION: Based on the findings presented the training programme has proved to be successful in developing leadership, expertise, partnerships and networks to support TB laboratories and has contributed significant benefits to strengthening European National Reference laboratories in the fight against TB.


id: cord-315991-uecdbanf
title: The Australian Institute of Sport Framework for Rebooting Sport in a COVID-19 Environment
author: Hughes, David
date: 2020-05-06
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1440244020305272?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2020.05.004
abstract:
  Abstract Sport makes an important contribution to the physical, psychological and emotional well-being of Australians. The economic contribution of sport is equivalent to 2–3% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The COVID-19 pandemic has had devastating effects on communities globally, leading to significant restrictions on all sectors of society, including sport. Resumption of sport can significantly contribute to the re-establishment of normality in Australian society. The Australian Institute of Sport (AIS), in consultation with sport partners (National Institute Network (NIN) Directors, NIN Chief Medical Officers (CMOs), National Sporting Organisation (NSO) Presidents, NSO Performance Directors and NSO CMOs), has developed a framework to inform the resumption of sport. National Principles for Resumption of Sport were used as a guide in the development of ‘the AIS Framework for Rebooting Sport in a COVID-19 Environment’ (the AIS Framework); and based on current best evidence, and guidelines from the Australian Federal Government, extrapolated into the sporting context by specialists in sport and exercise medicine, infectious diseases and public health. The principles outlined in this document apply to high performance/professional, community and individual passive (non-contact) sport. The AIS Framework is a timely tool of minimum baseline of standards, for ‘how’ reintroduction of sport activity will occur in a cautious and methodical manner, based on the best available evidence to optimise athlete and community safety. Decisions regarding the timing of resumption (the ‘when’ ) of sporting activity must be made in close consultation with Federal, State/Territory and Local Public Health Authorities. The priority at all times must be to preserve public health, minimising the risk of community transmission.


id: cord-316879-nbkvd0le
author: Ashcroft, James
date: 2020-06-09
txt: ./txt/cord-316879-nbkvd0le.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-316879-nbkvd0le.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-137906
doi: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-137906
summary:
  OBJECTIVE: To identify pandemic and disaster medicine-themed training programmes aimed at medical students and to assess whether these interventions had an effect on objective measures of disaster preparedness and clinical outcomes. RESULTS: 23 studies met inclusion criteria assessing knowledge (n=18, 78.3%), attitude (n=14, 60.9%) or skill (n=10, 43.5%) following medical student disaster training. Studies were selected only if they contained a detailed report of the training implementation and used objective precourse and/or postcourse assessments related to medical student knowledge, attitude, skills or clinical care outcomes. The main outcomes of the courses reviewed were subjective; however, there was evidence to suggest that disaster medicine training does improve objective knowledge and can teach skills which can be used by medical students, relevant to a pandemic. This review suggests that the most beneficial medical student disaster medicine courses should consist of mixed modalities of didactic sessions, case-studies, practical hands on training and simulation experiences.

title:
  Preparing medical students for a pandemic: a systematic review of student disaster training programmes

abstract:
  OBJECTIVE: To identify pandemic and disaster medicine-themed training programmes aimed at medical students and to assess whether these interventions had an effect on objective measures of disaster preparedness and clinical outcomes. To suggest a training approach that can be used to train medical students for the current COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: 23 studies met inclusion criteria assessing knowledge (n=18, 78.3%), attitude (n=14, 60.9%) or skill (n=10, 43.5%) following medical student disaster training. No studies assessed clinical improvement. The length of studies ranged from 1 day to 28 days, and the median length of training was 2 days (IQR=1–14). Overall, medical student disaster training programmes improved student disaster and pandemic preparedness and resulted in improved attitude, knowledge and skills. 18 studies used pretest and post-test measures which demonstrated an improvement in all outcomes from all studies. CONCLUSIONS: Implementing disaster training programmes for medical students improves preparedness, knowledge and skills that are important for medical students during times of pandemic. If medical students are recruited to assist in the COVID-19 pandemic, there needs to be a specific training programme for them. This review demonstrates that medical students undergoing appropriate training could play an essential role in pandemic management and suggests a course and assessment structure for medical student COVID-19 training. REGISTRATION: The search strategy was not registered on PROSPERO—the international prospective register of systematic reviews—to prevent unnecessary delay.


id: cord-318527-6dbat1cf
title: COVID-19 and neurological training in Europe: from early challenges to future perspectives
author: van der Meulen, Matthijs
date: 2020-09-24
txt: ./txt/cord-318527-6dbat1cf.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-318527-6dbat1cf.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32970238/
doi: 10.1007/s10072-020-04723-9
summary:
  The breadth of the pandemic and the social restrictions induced substantial modifications in both inpatient and outpatient clinical care and academic activities as well, adversely affecting our residency training. All these drastic and sudden changes lead us to reconsider some educational aspects of our training program that need to be improved in order to better prepare the neurologists of the future to manage unexpected and large emergency situations like the one we are living in these days. Although neurologists are not the designated professionals working in the frontline of this emergency, the devastating breadth of the pandemic is causing profound modifications in the routine practice of neurological patient care and as a result of the neurological residency training. Neurology residents who are currently working on the ICU or COVID wards will gain intensive experience in emergency care and internal medicine, strengthening the coherence within the healthcare system beyond disciplines and professions. The COVID-19 pandemic severely and diffusely affects neurological residency training.

abstract:
  The worldwide SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is dramatically affecting health systems with consequences also for neurological residency training. Here we report early experiences and challenges that European neurologists and residents faced. The breadth of the pandemic and the social restrictions induced substantial modifications in both inpatient and outpatient clinical care and academic activities as well, adversely affecting our residency training. On the other hand we see also opportunities, such as gaining more clinical and professional skills. All these drastic and sudden changes lead us to reconsider some educational aspects of our training program that need to be improved in order to better prepare the neurologists of the future to manage unexpected and large emergency situations like the one we are living in these days. A reconsideration of the neurological training program could be beneficial to guarantee high standard level of the residency training in this period and beyond.


id: cord-318813-eiazlhi4
author: Trembley, Lauren L.
date: 2020-06-03
txt: ./txt/cord-318813-eiazlhi4.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-318813-eiazlhi4.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32726239/
doi: 10.5811/westjem.2020.5.47835
summary:
  By combining simulation-based training sessions and rapid-cycle improvement methodology with physicians, nurses, and respiratory therapists, and incorporating their feedback into the development, we were able to optimize the process prior to implementation. CONCLUSION: A multidisciplinary, team-based approach to the development and training of a standardized intubation algorithm combining simulation and rapid-cycle improvement methodology is a useful, effective process to respond to rapidly evolving clinical information and experiences during a global pandemic. [13] [14] [15] The primary goal of this project was to develop and implement a standard process for intubation of all patients with suspicion for COVID-19 for the ED at our institution, employing a multidisciplinary approach using simulation and a rapid-cycle improvement methodology. A multidisciplinary, team-based approach to the development and training of a standardized intubation algorithm combining simulation and a rapid-cycle improvement methodology is a useful, effective process to respond to rapidly evolving clinical information and experiences during a global pandemic.

title:
  A Multidisciplinary Intubation Algorithm for Suspected COVID-19 Patients in the Emergency Department

abstract:
  INTRODUCTION: Intubation of patients suspected of having coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is considered to be a high-risk procedure due to the aerosolization of viral particles. In an effort to minimize the risk of exposure and optimize patient care, we sought to develop, test, provide training, and implement a standardized algorithm for intubating these high-risk patients at our institution. METHODS: We developed an initial intubation algorithm, incorporating strategic use of equipment and incorporating emerging best practices. By combining simulation-based training sessions and rapid-cycle improvement methodology with physicians, nurses, and respiratory therapists, and incorporating their feedback into the development, we were able to optimize the process prior to implementation. Training sessions also enabled the participants to practice the algorithm as a team. Upon completion of each training session, participants were invited to complete a brief online survey about their overall experience. RESULTS: An algorithm and training system vetted by simulation and actual practice were developed. A training video and dissemination package were made available for other emergency departments to adopt. Survey results were overall positive, with 97.92% of participants feeling confident in their role in the intubation process, and many participants citing the usefulness of the multidisciplinary approach to the training. CONCLUSION: A multidisciplinary, team-based approach to the development and training of a standardized intubation algorithm combining simulation and rapid-cycle improvement methodology is a useful, effective process to respond to rapidly evolving clinical information and experiences during a global pandemic.


id: cord-319859-6mt34av6
author: Zhou, Min
date: 2020-08-04
txt: ./txt/cord-319859-6mt34av6.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-319859-6mt34av6.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837736/
doi: 10.1002/nop2.580
summary:
  To seek efficient nursing training mode under the epidemic situation and improve the nurses'' knowledge reserve on emergency handling and control capabilities, a combination of on-site training and online training was implemented to provide COVID-19 related knowledge on nursing operation skills and hospital infections to the nursing team in a short term. Supported by research, the comparison between online and faceto-face training, well-designed online training shows more advantages in terms of time efficiency and memory effect (Kalyuga, 2007 ; TA B L E 5 Before and after training, the nursing staff improved the COVID-19 theory knowledge, operation skills and psychological conditions Kalyuga & Sweller, 2005) , which is consistent with the results of this study. Emergency training of nursing staff is crucial on preventing the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic effectively and ensuring the operation of emergency isolation ward orderly.

title:
  Research on the individualized short‐term training model of nurses in emergency isolation wards during the outbreak of COVID‐19

abstract:
  AIM: To explore an effective personalized training model for nurses working in emergency isolation wards of COVID‐19 in a short period. DESIGN: This study is a longitudinal study from 24 January 2020 to 28 February 2020. METHODS: There are 71 nursing staff working in the emergency isolation wards of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital that participated in this study. The questionnaires were conducted with Likert scale. The operation assessment teachers have received standardized training. The self‐rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self‐rating depression Scale (SDS) were applied to assess the mental state of nurses. RESULTS: After short‐term training, these nurses can handle the emergency tasks in a timely manner. The pass rate of nurse theory and operation assessment is 100%. The 111 suspected patients admitted to the emergency isolation ward have been scientifically diagnosed and treated, the three confirmed patients have received appropriate treatment. No nurses have been infected. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the personalized emergency training mode was feasible in the emergency isolation ward during the COVID‐19 epidemic, which rapidly improved the rescue ability of nurses and effectively avoid the occurrence of cross‐infection. This mode can provide a valuable reference for the emergency training of nurses in the future.


id: cord-321125-ok0o1wiy
title: Comparing learning outcomes among postgraduate year trainee groups
author: Hsu, Peng-Wei
date: 2020-10-22
txt: ./txt/cord-321125-ok0o1wiy.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-321125-ok0o1wiy.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2319417019305025
doi: 10.1016/j.bj.2019.10.002
summary:
  This study compared the core clinical competencies of trainees who received PGY training at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital by attending the pilot training program in different groups. By using OSCE, this study compared the differences in the core clinical competencies of trainees who received PGY training at CGMH by attending the second year training courses in different groups. We also expect that the quantitative and qualitative information in the learning resulted between the different training groups facilitate improvements in the design of the program and accurately assess the implementation of comprehensive medical training in Taiwan. The trainees were assessed using six 10-min test stations designed for clinical performance evaluation in the last month of one-year training program. The trainees who selected the internal medical training program exhibited a higher performance (p ¼ 0.0020, Wilcoxon rank sum test) at the station for abdominal pain in children.

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: The objective of postgraduate year (PGY) training programs is to inculcate in medical graduates the expected levels of skills in patient care. This study compared the core clinical competencies of trainees who received PGY training at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital by attending the pilot training program in different groups. METHODS: We used six 10-min test stations for clinical performance evaluation, which comprised four and two test stations designed for objective structured clinical examination and procedural skill, respectively, to evaluate the learning outcomes of the trainees. The trainees were divided into three groups according to the training programs that they had attended. RESULTS: The aspects of clinical performance included history taking, physical examination, medical communication, logical thinking, and problem-solving abilities. The trainees who selected the surgery-based training program exhibited a higher performance at the station for aseptic surgical preparation than the other two groups (p = 0.0261). The trainees who selected the internal medical training program (p = 0.0020) exhibited a higher performance at the station for abdominal pain in children. CONCLUSIONS: A well-designed postgraduate training program should develop trainees' competencies, particularly clinical operational skills. The results of this study may provide useful insight into methods for improving the design of training programs. Additional investigation is necessary for understanding the effects of different programs on the clinical performance of trainees.


id: cord-325916-t8feni6a
author: Gorozidis, Georgios S.
date: 2020-08-20
txt: ./txt/cord-325916-t8feni6a.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-325916-t8feni6a.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0742051X20313755
doi: 10.1016/j.tate.2020.103184
summary:
  If these assumptions are correct then teacher training via Facebook groups (or other/future social networks with similar features) might be a response to the challenge of designing effective online CoP, with the aim to motivate and actively engage participants through completion, as from what we know from Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) literature, attrition rates in elearning environments are very high (Jordan, 2015; Martin, Kelly, & Terry, 2018) . Next, we present preliminary data i.e., "group insights" measurements (Facebook feature) from the total number of engaged participants that exhibited at least a minimum level of interaction with the training material and group members (N ¼ 116), and quantitative-qualitative results from a smaller number of teachers (n ¼ 63; 54% response rate) who were responded to electronic questionnaires at three time points (see Table 1 for demographics).

title:
  Facebook group PETCoN (Physical Education Teacher Collaborative Network). An innovative approach to PE teacher in-service training: A self-determination theory perspective

abstract:
  The purpose of the study was the evaluation of a teacher in-service training program, namely “PE.T.Co.N.“, an online community of practice via Facebook groups. Drawing from Self-Determination theory (SDT), the program aimed at satisfying teachers’ autonomy, competence, and relatedness needs and facilitating their autonomous motivation. Pre-post measurements showed significant improvements in key variables that can determine training success. Preliminary quantitative group insights supported by qualitative data revealed enhanced participatory dynamics in terms of members’ interaction. Findings suggest that PE.T.Co.N. is a promising, innovative approach to teacher training. Implications are discussed in light of SDT.


id: cord-326582-qmavade5
title: Assessment of the Angolan (CHERRT) Mobile Laboratory Curriculum for Disaster and Pandemic Response
author: Owens, Michael D.
date: 2020-04-13
txt: ./txt/cord-326582-qmavade5.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-326582-qmavade5.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32302277/
doi: 10.5811/westjem.2020.4.47385
summary:
  The lack of COVID-19 testing capacity threatens the ability of both the United States (US) and low middle income countries (LMIC) to respond to this growing threat, The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness through participant self-assessment of a rapid response team (RRT) mobile laboratory curriculum METHODS: We conducted a pre and post survey for the purpose of a process improvement assessment in Angola, involving 32 individuals. RESULTS: All six of the questions – 1) "I feel confident managing a real laboratory sample test for Ebola or other highly contagious sample;" 2) "I feel safe working in the lab environment during a real scenario;" 3) "I feel as if I can appropriately manage a potentially highly contagious laboratory sample;" 4)"I feel that I can interpret a positive or negative sample during a suspected contagious outbreak;" 5) "I understand basic Biobubble/mobile laboratory concepts and procedures;" and 6) "I understand polymerase chain reaction (PCR) principles" – showed statistical significant change pre and post training.

abstract:
  INTRODUCTION: As of April 5, 2020, the World Health Organization reported over one million confirmed cases and more than 62,000 confirmed coronavirus (COVID-19) deaths affecting 204 countries/regions. The lack of COVID-19 testing capacity threatens the ability of both the United States (US) and low middle income countries (LMIC) to respond to this growing threat, The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness through participant self-assessment of a rapid response team (RRT) mobile laboratory curriculum METHODS: We conducted a pre and post survey for the purpose of a process improvement assessment in Angola, involving 32 individuals. The survey was performed before and after a 14-day training workshop held in Luanda, Angola, in December 2019. A paired t-test was used to identify any significant change on six 7-point Likert scale questions with α< 0.05 (95% confidence interval). RESULTS: All six of the questions – 1) “I feel confident managing a real laboratory sample test for Ebola or other highly contagious sample;” 2) “I feel safe working in the lab environment during a real scenario;” 3) “I feel as if I can appropriately manage a potentially highly contagious laboratory sample;” 4)“I feel that I can interpret a positive or negative sample during a suspected contagious outbreak;” 5) “I understand basic Biobubble/mobile laboratory concepts and procedures;” and 6) “I understand polymerase chain reaction (PCR) principles” – showed statistical significant change pre and post training. Additionally, the final two questions – “I can more effectively perform my role/position because of the training I received during this course;” and “This training was valuable” – received high scores on the Likert scale. CONCLUSION: This Angolan RRT mobile laboratory training curriculum provides the nation of Angola with the confidence to rapidly respond and test at the national level a highly infectious contagion in the region and perform on-scene diagnostics. This mobile RRT laboratory provides a mobile and rapid diagnostic resource when epidemic/pandemic resource allocation may need to be prioritized based on confirmed disease prevalence.


id: cord-326657-zzvmj5qy
author: James, Dr Hannah K.
date: 2020-06-25
txt: ./txt/cord-326657-zzvmj5qy.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-326657-zzvmj5qy.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsurg.2020.06.020
doi: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2020.06.020
summary:
  A rapid scoping review was undertaken of the publically available published pandemic-related web literature from the surgical training bodies of five large English-speaking countries; United States(7), United Kingdom(8-10), Canada(11), Australia and New Zealand (Australasia)(12). The American College of Surgeons (17) and Ministry of Health (18) has recommended reduction of elective surgical activity in the US and Canada respectively, but this mandate is to be implemented regionally based on local healthcare need. The current surgical training operational status and mitigation measures by country are presented against five key domains of activity; 1) recruitment and selection into residency programmes, 2) board examinations, 3) assessment, progression and certification within residency, 4) resident operating privileges and 5) didactics (table 2) . The principle challenges for surgical education bodies in a rapidly evolving pandemic are to safeguard residents whilst minimising disruption to training in the short term and to continue to recruit, assess and certify residents to ensure the supply of high-calibre surgeons in the long term.

title:
  Disruption to surgical training during Covid-19 in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada and Australasia: a rapid review of impact and mitigation efforts

abstract:
  The global Covid-19 pandemic has the potential to lead to significant training disruptions affecting surgical residents across all specialties. There has been lively social media discussion about the impact of cancelled training activities under the twitter hashtag #NoTrainingTodayNoSurgeonsTomorrow. We present a rapid scoping review synthesising the current evidence of pandemic-related impact on surgical training in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. We describe and compare strategies that have been put in place to mitigate disruption, and reflect on how the challenges of the pandemic may present the opportunity to improve on how we select, assess and train surgeons in the future.


id: cord-328315-idel6l11
author: Mellor, Nicholas
date: 2016-12-31
txt: ./txt/cord-328315-idel6l11.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-328315-idel6l11.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.08.062
doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2016.08.062
summary:
  Abstract The Ebola outbreak highlighted the challenge of health security and particularly of how best to give frontline workers the knowledge, confidence and competence to respond effectively. The research showed that digital technology could be a powerful ''force multiplier'' allowing much greater access to high fidelity training during an outbreak and keeping it current as protocols evolved or new safety critical steps were identified. Fig.1 illustrates this continuous loop of communications between the in-field metrics and international development teams exchanging module iterations with data to improve technical performance and learning impact. This is where the agile development of ebuddi can really rise to the challenge as it has the potential to respond quickly and accurately to an outbreak with international experts co-creating training with local community actors. The study has shown ebuddi could enhance conventional approaches to local capacity building by improving training effectiveness, increasing cost efficiency when scaled and enabling an agile response to changing priorities.

title:
  Experience of Using Simulation Technology and Analytics During the Ebola Crisis to Empower Frontline Health Workers and Improve the Integrity of Public Health Systems

abstract:
  Abstract The Ebola outbreak highlighted the challenge of health security and particularly of how best to give frontline workers the knowledge, confidence and competence to respond effectively. The goal was to develop a tool to improve infection prevention and control through local capacity building within the context of an emergency response. The research showed that digital technology could be a powerful ‘force multiplier’ allowing much greater access to high fidelity training during an outbreak and keeping it current as protocols evolved or new safety critical steps were identified. Tailoring training to the local context was crucial to its relevance and accessibility. This initiative used a novel approach to the development of the training tool – ebuddi. It used agile development to co-create the tool with active participation of local communities. A further pilot showed how it could be extended to meet the longer term needs of triage training and ensure better quality assurance. In the longer term it may have the potential to improve compliance with International Health Regulations, be adapted for future emergencies, and contribute to global health security.


id: cord-329388-defbarkz
title: Time (f)or Competency
author: Keane, Martin G.
date: 2020-08-03
txt: ./txt/cord-329388-defbarkz.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-329388-defbarkz.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0894731720303667
doi: 10.1016/j.echo.2020.05.029
abstract: nan
summary:
  Linked with time spent in training, appropriately robust experience to develop expertise requires repeated exposure to and performance of tasks essential to the skill over that time-amounts of consults/evaluations, accumulation of procedures, numbers of echocardiograms. 1 Levels of training from most basic echocardiographic knowledge (level I) to most advanced knowledge suitable for an echocardiography lab director (level III) are clearly defined by duration of echo-specific training as well as specified numbers of procedures (transthoracic, transesophageal, and stress echocardiography) performed by the trainee. The document is unique in its greater focus on delineating strategies for the evaluation of competency, in addition to recommended numbers of advanced echo techniques and procedures performed. It recognized that the endorsed volumes for specific advanced echo techniques and procedural guidance to achieve level III have been developed by the expert committee consensus, in consultation with echocardiography training authorities across the country.


id: cord-330666-puhijixa
author: Carrico, Ruth M.
date: 2007-02-02
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17276786/
doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2005.12.013
title:
  Changing health care worker behavior in relation to respiratory disease transmission with a novel training approach that uses biosimulation

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: This pilot study was conducted to determine whether supplementing standard classroom training methods regarding respiratory disease transmission with a visual demonstration could improve the use of personal protective equipment among emergency department nurses. METHODS: Participants included 20 emergency department registered nurses randomized into 2 groups: control and intervention. The intervention group received supplemental training using the visual demonstration of respiratory particle dispersion. Both groups were then observed throughout their work shifts as they provided care during January-March 2005. RESULTS: Participants who received supplemental visual training correctly utilized personal protective equipment statistically more often than did participants who received only the standard classroom training. CONCLUSION: Supplementing the standard training methods with a visual demonstration can improve the use of personal protective equipment during care of patients exhibiting respiratory symptoms.


id: cord-331844-trjxt9qk
title: Surgical training during the COVID-19 pandemic: challenges and opportunities for junior trainees
author: de Berker, Henry T
date: 2020-08-13
txt: ./txt/cord-331844-trjxt9qk.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-331844-trjxt9qk.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2020.08.014
doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2020.08.014
summary:
  title: Surgical training during the COVID-19 pandemic: challenges and opportunities for junior trainees Summary In this piece of correspondence, the authors set out the challenges and opportunities presented by the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic to junior surgical trainees embarking on a career in plastic surgery. Core surgical trainees starting in August, and those returning to their posts after redeployment, face new rota patterns and the ever-present concern of a ''second wave'' causing further disruption to training. However, although the surgical training landscape has changed, seemingly overnight, many excellent training opportunities exist that will be invaluable to any surgical trainee interested in a career in Plastic Surgery. However, for current and future core surgical trainees, there are numerous possibilities for professional development, training and innovation. Webinars in plastic and reconstructive surgery training -a review of the current landscape during the COVID-19 pandemic

abstract:
  Summary In this piece of correspondence, the authors set out the challenges and opportunities presented by the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic to junior surgical trainees embarking on a career in plastic surgery.


id: cord-340882-why0t9ld
author: Carneiro, Lara
date: 2020-09-15
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32942633/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186715
title:
  The Effects of Exclusively Resistance Training-Based Supervised Programs in People with Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

abstract:
  The purpose of this study was to systematically review the effects of supervised resistance training (RT) programs in people diagnosed with depression or depressive symptoms. The following databases were used to search and retrieve the articles: Cochrane Library, EBSCO, PEDro, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. The search was conducted in late June 2020. Search protocol required the title to contain the words depression or depressive or dysthymia. Furthermore, the title, abstract or keywords had to contain the words or expressions: “randomized controlled trial”; and “strength training” or “resistance training” or “resisted training” or “weight training”. The screening provided 136 results. After the removal of duplicates, 70 records remained. Further screening of titles and abstracts resulted in the elimination of 57 papers. Therefore, 13 records were eligible for further scrutiny. Of the 13 records, nine were excluded, and the final sample consisted of four articles. Results were highly heterogeneous, with half of the studies showing positive effects of resistance training and half showing no effects. In two of the four combinations, the meta-analysis revealed significant benefits of RT in improving depressive symptoms (p ≤ 0.05). However, considering significant differences with moderate (Effect Size = 0.62) and small (ES = 0.53) effects, the heterogeneity was above 50%, thus suggesting a substantial level. To draw meaningful conclusions, future well-designed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are needed that focus on understudied RT as a treatment for depression.


id: cord-340930-5cavkdde
author: Cheung, Victor Kai-Lam
date: 2020-07-16
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32802743/
doi: 10.1016/j.imr.2020.100476
title:
  Investigating effects of healthcare simulation on personal strengths and organizational impacts for healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study

abstract:
  INTRODUCTION: This cross-sectional study aimed at evaluating impacts of healthcare simulation training, either in-situ or lab-based, on personal strengths of healthcare workers (HCWs) and organizational outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: COVID-19 Taskforce was established to formulate standardized scenario-based simulation training materials in late-January 2020. Post-training questionnaires made up of 5-point Likert scales were distributed to all participants to evaluate their personal strengths, in terms of i) assertiveness, ii) mental preparedness, iii) self-efficacy, iv) internal locus of control, and v) internal locus of responsibility. Independent sample t-tests were used to analyze between-group difference in “In-situ” and “Lab-based” group; and one-sample t-tests were used to compare change in personal strengths with reference point of 3 (Neutral). Kirkpatrick’s Model served as the analytical framework for overall training effects. RESULTS: Between 05 February and 18 March 2020, 101 sessions of simulation training were conducted in “In-Situ” at either Accident & Emergency Department (20, 20%) or Intensive Care Unit (15, 14%) and “Lab-based” for Isolation (30, 30%) and General Wards (36, 36%). 1,415 hospital staff members, including 1,167 nurses (82%), 163 doctors (12%) and 85 patient care assistants (6%), were trained. All domains of personal strengths were scored 4.24 or above and statistically significantly increased when comparing with reference population (p < .001). However, no significant differences between in-situ and lab-based simulation were found (p > .05), for all domains of personal strengths. CONCLUSION: Healthcare simulation training enhanced healthcare workers’ personal strengths critical to operational and clinical outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic.


id: cord-341720-qwdjb7vk
title: Strategies and Solutions for Team Sports Athletes in Isolation due to COVID-19
author: Jukic, Igor
date: 2020-04-24
txt: ./txt/cord-341720-qwdjb7vk.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-341720-qwdjb7vk.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32344657/
doi: 10.3390/sports8040056
summary:
  Based on the current scientific, we strongly recommend encouraging the athlete to reset their mindset to understand quarantine as an opportunity for development, organizing appropriate guidance, educating and encourage athletes to apply appropriate preventive behavior and hygiene measures to promote immunity and ensuring good living isolation conditions. Detraining affects different physiological systems (e.g., neuromuscular, cardiovascular, respiratory or muscle-skeletal) and their corresponding physical capacities (e.g., strength and power, endurance, speed or flexibility). It has been suggested that performing eccentric muscle actions during training is essential to promote greater and longer-lasting neural adaptations to training [24] and that speed-strength is better maintained during periods of reduced training if previously the focus of training was on power development [25] . This decrease in muscle size translates to a 7% and 12% reduction in strength and team sports athletes, after a period of inactivity ranging from 8 to 12 weeks.

abstract:
  In December of 2019, there was an outbreak of a severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by the Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19) in China. The virus rapidly spread into the whole World causing an unprecedented pandemic and forcing governments to impose a global quarantine, entering an extreme unknown situation. The organizational consequences of quarantine/isolation are: absence of organized training and competition, lack of communication among athletes and coaches, inability to move freely, lack of adequate sunlight exposure, inappropriate training conditions. Based on the current scientific, we strongly recommend encouraging the athlete to reset their mindset to understand quarantine as an opportunity for development, organizing appropriate guidance, educating and encourage athletes to apply appropriate preventive behavior and hygiene measures to promote immunity and ensuring good living isolation conditions. The athlete’s living space should be equipped with cardio and resistance training equipment (portable bicycle or rowing ergometer). Some forms of body mass resistance circuit-based training could promote aerobic adaptation. Sports skills training should be organized based on the athlete’s needs. Personalized conditioning training should be carried out with emphasis on neuromuscular performance. Athletes should also be educated about nutrition (Vitamin D and proteins) and hydration. Strategies should be developed to control body composition. Mental fatigue should be anticipated and mental controlled. Adequate methods of recovery should be provided. Daily monitoring should be established. This is an ideal situation in which to rethink personal life, understanding the situation, that can be promoted in these difficult times that affect practically the whole world.


id: cord-352040-zmkjine7
title: Psychological variables of CrossFit participants: a systematic review
author: Dominski, Fábio Hech
date: 2020-08-29
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-020-00685-9
doi: 10.1007/s11332-020-00685-9
abstract:
  OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to review the existing literature concerning the psychological variables of CrossFit participants. METHODOLOGY: This review followed the PRISMA guidelines and was documented in the PROSPERO registry (CRD42018091177). Six electronic databases (SCOPUS, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane) were searched from their inception through July 2020. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed. RESULTS: Thirty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. We observed an increase in satisfaction, clinical addiction, and enjoyment among participants related to exercise, social improvement, and high intrinsic motivation to participate for the purpose of enjoyment, challenge, and affiliation. Perceptions of effort were high among CrossFit participants. Some studies found that the reaction time was impaired after the CrossFit session, whereas others found no changes in mental health, self-esteem, and well-being after training. CONCLUSION: Adherence and maintenance of the practice of CrossFit are related to psychological variables such as motivation and satisfaction of basic psychological needs. CrossFit participants demonstrated high perception of effort, intrinsic motivation, and reasons for practice such as enjoyment, challenge, and affiliation. The quality assessment demonstrated the need for more detail in the methods section of future investigations. Additional high-quality studies are needed to investigate the effects of CrossFit training on the mental health of participants. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s11332-020-00685-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.


id: cord-356288-zaspyveg
author: Giroux, Maria
date: 2020-09-08
txt: ./txt/cord-356288-zaspyveg.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-356288-zaspyveg.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-020-04487-y
doi: 10.1007/s00192-020-04487-y
summary:
  The purpose of this study was to compare in-person versus video-based teaching methods of a comprehensive assessment of the pelvic floor musculature on a pelvic model. Secondary outcome measures were perceived changes in both participants'' comfort level in performing pelvic floor examination and applicability of the training program to clinical practice. This study demonstrates no significant difference in the effectiveness between video-based and in-person training for teaching the assessment of the pelvic floor musculature to identify a possible muscular cause or contribution to chronic pelvic pain using a pelvic model. Improvements in written assessment scores, OSCE scores, and perceived comfort level were comparable between the video-based and in-person groups, suggesting that video-based training may be an efficient and cost-effective means to teach concepts surrounding pelvic pain to medical learners and physicians. However, there was no statistically significant difference between video-based and in-person teaching methods in degree of improvement of participants'' performance and perceived comfort level with examination of the pelvic floor musculature.

title:
  A randomized comparison of training programs using a pelvic model designed to enhance pelvic floor examination in patients presenting with chronic pelvic pain

abstract:
  INTRODUCTION: Pelvic floor myalgia is a common cause and contributor to chronic pelvic pain [Neurourol Urodyn 4:984–1008 (2017)]. The purpose of this study was to compare in-person versus video-based teaching methods of a comprehensive assessment of the pelvic floor musculature on a pelvic model. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial of 46 participants was conducted. The participants were randomized into two groups. Both groups were taught by the same pelvic floor physiotherapist using two different teaching methods on a pelvic model. Group 1 watched an instructional video, whereas group 2 had in-person training. Both groups underwent pre- and post-training assessments consisting of a written examination and an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). Primary outcome measure was the change in participants’ pre- and post-training assessment scores. Secondary outcome measures were perceived changes in both participants’ comfort level in performing pelvic floor examination and applicability of the training program to clinical practice. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between the teaching methods in the degree of improvement of the participants’ mean written assessment scores (p = 0.58), OSCE scores (p = 0.15), and perceived comfort level (p = 0.19). Participants’ mean pre- and post-assessment scores improved significantly (p < 0.001). Participants reported the training program to be applicable towards their clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that learners’ assessment of pelvic floor musculature can be enhanced using varied teaching methods on a pelvic model.


