# ent

id: cord-001078-5m29nugu
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  A Preliminary Study on the Medical Expenditure of Chinese Medicine and Integrative Medicine Treatment for Influenza A H1N1


id: cord-277970-sb1wjd3b
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  Areca catechu L Glycyrrhizin Cinnamon Tripterygium wilfordii Spatholobus suberectus Polygonum cuspidatum and Magnolia officinalis


id: cord-277970-sb1wjd3b
type: DISEASE
entity:
  influenza A H3N2 viruses isolated worldwide from 1994 to 2005 a cause for concern Emergence of oseltamivir resistant pandemic H1N1 virus


id: cord-300469-u6zjdqx6
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Nature Products in the Process of Finding New Drug Candidates Introduction of Chinese Methods in Study of Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicines Hierarchical


id: cord-290412-m6fesoyb
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  growth factors 1 IGF 1 phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase PI3K extracellular signal regulated kinase ERK p38 mitogen activated protein kinase p38


id: cord-290412-m6fesoyb
type: DISEASE
entity:
  viral hepatitis nonalcoholic fatty liver alcoholic liver disease autoimmune liver disease schistosomiasis liver disease


id: cord-300452-dqb6em7g
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Divine Farmer s Materia Medica a Translation of the Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission


id: cord-300452-dqb6em7g
type: ORG
entity:
  the Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission Xinhua News Agency National Conference on Hygiene and Health State Council of the People s Republic of China


id: cord-300452-dqb6em7g
type: ORG
entity:
  the Development of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Implementation Opinions on Improving the Development of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine


id: cord-300452-dqb6em7g
type: ORG
entity:
  the Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicine State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People s Republic of China


id: cord-300452-dqb6em7g
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Outline of the Strategic Plan on the Development of Plan of Developing Traditional Chinese Medicine State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and National Development and Reform Commission of the People s Republic of China Several Opinions on Further Reform and Improvement of Drug Production Circulation and Use Policies General Office of the State Council of the People s Republic of China


id: cord-300452-dqb6em7g
type: ORG
entity:
  National Drug Safety State Council of the People s Republic of China Guiding Opinions on Improving Science and Technology Innovation


id: cord-300452-dqb6em7g
type: ORG
entity:
  Traditional Chinese Medicine State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Ministry of Science and Technology Ministry of Industry and Information Technology


id: cord-300517-41pr3dwa
type: ORG
entity:
  the Programs Foundation for Leading Talents in State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China


id: cord-296195-m2wwlvgx
type: CELL_LINE
entity:
  MMT cell proliferative Kit I Roche Mannheim Germany African green monkey kidney cell lines Vero CCL 81


id: cord-296195-m2wwlvgx
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  methyl gallate gallic acid kaempferol quercetin quercitrin rutin kaempferol d glucoside catechin epicatechin


id: cord-274141-vujx538o
type: TAXON
entity:
  mengovirus herpes simplex parainfluenza type 3 pseudorabies respiratory syncytial and Sindbis viruses Quercetin


id: cord-274141-vujx538o
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  baicalin emodin epigallocatechin gallate gallocatechin gallate herbacetin isobavaschalcone kaempferol


id: cord-274141-vujx538o
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  Houttuynia cordata Thunb Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat Artemisia scoparia Waldst Kit Eupatorium fortunei Turcz


id: cord-274141-vujx538o
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  Cupressaceae family Cupressus sempervirens L contains flavonoid derivatives dit e r p e n e s c a t e c h i n s a n d f l a v o n o l i c o l i g o m e r s proanthocyanidins phenolic acids fatty acids


id: cord-256838-8rzibpbl
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Unraveling the Molecular Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulas Against Acute Airway Viral Infections as Examples


id: cord-256838-8rzibpbl
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  1 2 3 4 6 penta O galloyl β D glucopyranose from Paeonia lactiflora show antiviral activity against rhinovirus 57 Of its anti inflammatory


id: cord-256838-8rzibpbl
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  1 2 3 4 6 penta O galloyl β d glucopyranose from Paeonia lactiflora show antiviral activity against rhinovirus 57 Of its anti inflammatory


id: cord-256838-8rzibpbl
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  Aristolochia fangchi Aristolochia debilis Sieb et Zucc Aristolochia manshuriensis Aristolochia debilis


id: cord-282298-8tcw3cll
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  umbellate polysaccharides ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide anisodamine tanshinone trichosanthin tetrahydropalmatine tetrandrine rubidate ilexonin A


id: cord-031315-p7jb4gf2
type: ORG
entity:
  the Chinese Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease


id: cord-310210-f2wb3er0
type: ORG
entity:
  dystonia Development and Validation of a Tool to Assess the Quality of Clinical Practice Guideline Recommendations A Reporting Tool for Practice Guidelines


id: cord-310210-f2wb3er0
type: ORG
entity:
  the Analysis of Latent Structural Model A Large Scale Multi Center Urine Biomarkers Identification of Coronary Heart Disease


id: cord-024111-7yrftdp4
type: ORG
entity:
  RNA Seq Quantification of Hepatic Drug Processing Genes in Germ Free Mice Regulation of Hepatic Drug Metabolizing Enzymes


id: cord-024111-7yrftdp4
type: ORG
entity:
  Microwave Assisted Extraction Purification Partial Characterization and Bioactivity of Polysaccharides


id: cord-024111-7yrftdp4
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  anthocyanins chalcones dihydrochalcones flavanols flavanones flavones flavonols isoflavones flavan 3 ols flavan 3 4 diols aurones


id: cord-273941-gu6nnv9d
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  alkaline phosphatase ALPL carbonic anhydrase 7 CA7 coagulation factor X F10 DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 RAD51 GSTM1 protein GSTM1 beta secretase


id: cord-273941-gu6nnv9d
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  proteinase 3CL PRO arginase beta lactamase AmpC glutathione reductase M18 aspartyl aminopeptidase malate dehydrogenase


id: cord-273941-gu6nnv9d
type: GGP
entity:
  RAD51 GSTM1 protein GSTM1 beta secretase 1 BACE1 plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 SERPINE1 prothrombin F2 regulator of G protein


id: cord-273941-gu6nnv9d
type: GGP
entity:
  quercetin 1 2 3 4 6 pentagalloyoglucose 1 2 3 6 tetrakis O galloyl beta D glucose bellericagenin A1 and prodelphinidin A1


id: cord-273941-gu6nnv9d
type: DISEASE
entity:
  punicalins terflavin B 4 O S flavogallonyl 6 O galloylbeta D glucopyranose and 4 6 O S S gallagyl alpha beta D glucopyranose


id: cord-336753-4212ftlc
type: GGP
entity:
  Sin B DOI 10 1016 j apsb 2020 05 007 sha f436eb0cdcc653135a5dc106752cf01f7e6b01b4 doc_id 336753 cord_uid 4212ftlc As coronavirus disease 2019 COVID 19 pandemic poses a substantial global public health threat traditional Chinese medicine TCM


id: cord-340119-af8i359n
type: GGP
entity:
  interferon α lopinavir ritonavir and ribavirin however the curative effect remains unsatisfactory Chinese medicine


id: cord-340119-af8i359n
type: ORG
entity:
  Beijing Municipal Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Notice of Beijing Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine


# bib

id: cord-001078-5m29nugu
author: Chen, Xiaorong
date: 2013-09-17
txt: ./txt/cord-001078-5m29nugu.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-001078-5m29nugu.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3775774/
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073362
summary:
  title: Clinical Features and Factors Associated with Outcomes of Patients Infected with a Novel Influenza A (H7N9) Virus: A Preliminary Study OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to analyze clinical features and factors associated with treatment outcomes of H7N9 influenza A virus infection. Factors analyzed for possible correlation with clinical features and treatment outcomes in patients included 1) baseline characteristics of patients, such as age, sex, occupation, underlying conditions, exposure to poultry and/or wild birds in the past seven days, date of symptom onset and hospital admission, date of specimen collection, and date of positive diagnosis; 2) results from laboratory tests and imaging examinations; 3) treatment regimen including basic supporting therapy, antibiotic therapy, antiviral therapy, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapy, and other therapies if applicable; and 4) current condition of patients including the length of stay in the hospital.

title:
  Clinical Features and Factors Associated with Outcomes of Patients Infected with a Novel Influenza A (H7N9) Virus: A Preliminary Study

abstract:
  OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to analyze clinical features and factors associated with treatment outcomes of H7N9 influenza A virus infection. METHODS: The clinical progress in 18 H7N9-infected patients was monitored and recorded. The clinical features of H7N9 infection were noted and factors associated with treatment outcomes were analyzed by univariate analyses. RESULTS: The average ages of patients in recovered and critical conditions were 67.0±10.83 years and 72.75±12.0 years, respectively. Renal insufficiency developed more frequently in critically ill patients (P = 0.023). The duration of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapy was longer in recovered patients than in critically ill patients (P = 0.01). Laboratory tests showed that levels of C-reactive protein, serum creatinine, and myoglobin were significantly higher in critically ill patients than in recovered patients (P = 0.011, 0.04, and 0.016, respectively). Meanwhile, levels of all T cell subsets examined including total CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(+), and CD45(+) T cells were lower in critically ill patients than in recovered patients (P = 0.033, 0.059, 0.015, and 0.039, respectively). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that C-reactive protein level, myoglobin level and TCM therapy duration were likely associated with treatment outcomes of H7N9 infection (P = 0.032, 0.041 and 0.017, respectively). CONCLUSION: Elderly people may have increased risk for H7N9 virus infection. T cell-mediated responses play an important role in defense against the H7N9 virus. C-reactive protein level, myoglobin level and TCM duration may be associated with treatment outcomes of H7N9 infection.


id: cord-024111-7yrftdp4
title: Traditional Chinese Medicine and Gut Microbiome: Their Respective and Concert Effects on Healthcare
author: Zhang, Runzhi
date: 2020-04-22
txt: ./txt/cord-024111-7yrftdp4.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-024111-7yrftdp4.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7188910/
doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00538
summary:
  Advances in systems biology, particularly based on the omics approaches, have resulted in a paradigm shift in both traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and the gut microbiome research. Dietary interventions might lead to the modulation of gut microbiome, which will contribute to weight loss, enhance the integrity of the intestinal barrier, and reduce the antigenic load in the circulation, ultimately improving the inflammatory and metabolic phenotypes (Xiao et al., 2014) . Previous studies have proven that TCM is conductive to maintain the homeostasis of the intestinal flora (Chang et al., 2015; Zhou et al., 2016) , and the gut microbiome could also exert pharmacological effects of the TCM on host (Park et al., 2006) , which render TCM a potential new drug in the western markets. Thus, research about relationship between TCM and gut microbiome is significant, which helps researchers to further study the pharmacological effects of TCM on the human body and the causal links among intestinal microbiome with disease.

abstract:
  Advances in systems biology, particularly based on the omics approaches, have resulted in a paradigm shift in both traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and the gut microbiome research. In line with this paradigm shift, the importance of TCM and gut microbiome in healthcare, as well as their interplay, has become clearer. Firstly, we briefly summarize the current status of three topics in this review: microbiome, TCM, and relationship of TCM and microbiome. Second, we focused on TCM's therapeutic effects and gut microbiome's mediation roles, including the relationships among diet, gut microbiome, and health care. Third, we have summarized some databases and tools to help understand the impact of TCM and gut microbiome on diagnosis and treatment at the molecular level. Finally, we introduce the effects of gut microbiome on TCM and host health, with two case studies, one on the metabolic effect of gut microbiome on TCM, and another on cancer treatment. In summary, we have reviewed the current status of the two components of healthcare: TCM and gut microbiome, as well as their concert effects. It is quite clear that as the holobiont, the maintenance of the health status of human would depend heavily on TCM, gut microbiome, and their combined effects.


id: cord-031315-p7jb4gf2
author: Kong, Qing
date: 2020-09-03
txt: ./txt/cord-031315-p7jb4gf2.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-031315-p7jb4gf2.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7468179/
doi: 10.1186/s13063-020-04669-5
summary:
  title: Efficacy and safety of Jia Wei Bushen Yiqi formulas as an adjunct therapy to systemic glucocorticoids on acute exacerbation of COPD: study protocol for a randomized, double-blinded, multi-center, placebo-controlled clinical trial The present study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Jia Wei Bushen Yiqi (JWBY) formulas in patients who suffer from COPD exacerbations and to investigate whether the short-term (5-days) systemic glucocorticoid therapy is non-inferior to the long-term (9-day) regime. On one hand, a dose of 40 mg prednisone (a common oral systemic glucocorticoid) daily for 5 days has been recommended by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Science Committee Report based on the REDUCE randomized clinical trial since 2015 [24] . We conducted a randomized and placebo-controlled trial enrolling stable COPD patients in 2014, which illustrated that TCM formulas called Bushen Yiqi (BY) formulas can improve the lung function, reduce the frequency of acute exacerbation of COPD, and modulate the HPA axis [35] .

title:
  Efficacy and safety of Jia Wei Bushen Yiqi formulas as an adjunct therapy to systemic glucocorticoids on acute exacerbation of COPD: study protocol for a randomized, double-blinded, multi-center, placebo-controlled clinical trial

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Systemic glucocorticoids are effective for the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation but have serious adverse effects. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can bring additional benefits to these patients but has few adverse effects. The present study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Jia Wei Bushen Yiqi (JWBY) formulas in patients who suffer from COPD exacerbations and to investigate whether the short-term (5-days) systemic glucocorticoid therapy is non-inferior to the long-term (9-day) regime. METHODS: In this multi-center, randomized, double-blinded trial, eligible inpatients with COPD exacerbation are randomly assigned to four groups (A, B, C, and D). Group A will receive placebo plus 5-day prednisone, group B will receive placebo plus 9-day prednisone, group C will receive JWBY formulas plus 5-day prednisone, and group D will receive JWBY formulas plus 9-day prednisone. The primary outcomes are the time interval to the patient’s next exacerbation during a 180-day following up and the COPD assessment test (CAT) during treatment. Secondary outcomes include lung function, TCM syndrome assessment, laboratory tests, and safety. The changes of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenaline axis (HPA axis) and inflammatory cytokine will be measured as well. DISCUSSION: By demonstrating the advantages of utilizing TCM and an appropriate duration of systemic glucocorticoids, this effectiveness comparison trial will provide new references to physicians on how to improve the management of COPD exacerbation. The results of HPA axis and inflammation cytokine measurements will shed light on the molecular mechanisms and entail further mechanism studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: www.chictr.org.cn ChiCTR1900023364. Registered on 24 May 2019.


id: cord-253286-ieyqoxe6
title: Traditional Chinese medicine in the Chinese health care system
author: Xu, Judy
date: 2008-10-22
txt: ./txt/cord-253286-ieyqoxe6.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-253286-ieyqoxe6.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2008.09.003
doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2008.09.003
summary:
  OBJECTIVES: This study examines the role and value of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the current health care system in China. In addition to the Drug Administration Law of the People''s Republic of China, Chinese herbal medicine production, distribution, pricing, and utilization are under the regulations of different government agencies, such as the Chinese State Food and Drug Administration and the National Development and Reform Commission. In health centers, Chinese herbal medicine revenue represented less than 15% of the total medication revenue. A study showed that only 30,000 TCM doctors in China are still prescribing raw/sliced herbal medicine based on TCM theory and Chinese herbology [9] . In addition to investigating and releasing information on adverse-reaction and medical errors, the government can also provide knowledge and studies on the current development of Traditional Medicine and Alternative and Complementary Medicine in western health systems.

abstract:
  OBJECTIVES: This study examines the role and value of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the current health care system in China. METHODS: Based on literature review and publicly available data in China. RESULTS: The study shows that TCM is well integrated in the Chinese health care system as one of the two mainstream medical practices. Also, the Chinese government is supportive of TCM development by increasing investment in TCM research and administration. However, there is downsizing of TCM utilization, a lack of TCM professionals with genuine TCM knowledge and skills, and limitations of and increasing public opinions on modernization and westernization. CONCLUSIONS: TCM is still facing many challenges in playing critical roles in improving public health in China. These challenges can be explained from different perspectives. In addition to the unique characteristics of TCM, economic, cultural, and historical evolution in China may also be major determinants.


id: cord-256838-8rzibpbl
author: Eng, Yi Shin
date: 2019-09-27
txt: ./txt/cord-256838-8rzibpbl.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-256838-8rzibpbl.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24193505
doi: 10.3390/molecules24193505
summary:
  There are still issues regarding the conflicting pharmacologic effects, pharmacokinetics, drug interactions, adverse and clinical effects of herbal medicine and TCM. Several factors may affect the molecular mechanisms and subsequent clinical effects of TCM formulas, including individual gene-based response, composition and amount of active molecules in TCM formulas, complex interactions, and appropriateness of use of TCM formulas. From the viewpoint of pathophysiology, TCM formulas used to manage airway viral infections need to have antiviral activity against such viruses listed above, and/or to induce antiviral cytokines, and/or anti-inflammatory effect, and/or to relieve symptoms commonly presented in airway infections ( Figure 1 ). To simplify the molecular mechanisms and to correlate the pharmacologic activities with their clinical effects, five formulas of A-physicians will be used as examples against airway infections: Several health benefits of herbal medicine and TCM are claimed; for example, herbs and TCM formulas, including those discussed above, are believed to have anti-oxidative activities helpful against several diseases.

title:
  Unraveling the Molecular Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine: Formulas Against Acute Airway Viral Infections as Examples

abstract:
  Herbal medicine, including traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is widely used worldwide. Herbs and TCM formulas contain numerous active molecules. Basically, they are a kind of cocktail therapy. Herb-drug, herb-food, herb-herb, herb-microbiome, and herb-disease interactions are complex. There is potential for both benefit and harm, so only after understanding more of their mechanisms and clinical effects can herbal medicine and TCM be helpful to users. Many pharmacologic studies have been performed to unravel the molecular mechanisms; however, basic and clinical studies of good validity are still not enough to translate experimental results into clinical understanding and to provide tough evidence for better use of herbal medicines. There are still issues regarding the conflicting pharmacologic effects, pharmacokinetics, drug interactions, adverse and clinical effects of herbal medicine and TCM. Understanding study validation, pharmacologic effects, drug interactions, indications and clinical effects, adverse effects and limitations, can all help clinicians in providing adequate suggestions to patients. At present, it would be better to use herbs and TCM formulas according to their traditional indications matching the disease pathophysiology and their molecular mechanisms. To unravel the molecular mechanisms and understand the benefits and harms of herbal medicine and TCM, there is still much work to be done.


id: cord-259731-kiccsa89
author: Chen, Wei-Chieh
date: 2019-02-27
txt: ./txt/cord-259731-kiccsa89.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-259731-kiccsa89.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0965229918309993
doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.01.008
summary:
  title: Adjuvant therapy with traditional Chinese medicine in a heart failure patient complicated by hospital-acquired pneumonia: A case report OBJECTIVE: We report a case of congestive heart failure complicated by hospital-acquired pneumonia that was successfully treated with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and antibiotics. Broad spectrum antibiotics did not relieve the fever or the purulent sputum; therefore, the patient requested TCM for integrated therapy, and was subsequently treated with a regiment of "clearing heat and damp excreting" decoction according to TCM theory. CONCLUSION: Integrated therapy with a "clearing heat and damp excreting" decoction may have improved hospital-acquired pneumonia in a patient comorbid with congestive heart failure. We report a HAP patient comorbid with CHF who experienced rapid and significant improvement in symptoms and image findings following treatment with TCM adjuvant therapy. Because the bacterial cultures from sputum and blood were all negative, we believe that the antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and antitussive effects of the TCM regiment acted against the persistent inflammation in this patient.

title:
  Adjuvant therapy with traditional Chinese medicine in a heart failure patient complicated by hospital-acquired pneumonia: A case report

abstract:
  OBJECTIVE: We report a case of congestive heart failure complicated by hospital-acquired pneumonia that was successfully treated with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and antibiotics. CLINICAL FEATURES AND OUTCOME: A 33-year-old man with a history of heart failure developed pneumonia during hospitalization. After the standard antibiotic therapy for 3 days, he continued to experience persistent fever and progressive cough with purulent sputum. Broad spectrum antibiotics did not relieve the fever or the purulent sputum; therefore, the patient requested TCM for integrated therapy, and was subsequently treated with a regiment of “clearing heat and damp excreting” decoction according to TCM theory. After three days of TCM combination therapy, the pneumonia patches significantly improved on chest X-ray. His sputum was obviously decreased in amount and the fever was complete remission in the 5(th) day of TCM adjuvant therapy. CONCLUSION: Integrated therapy with a “clearing heat and damp excreting” decoction may have improved hospital-acquired pneumonia in a patient comorbid with congestive heart failure. The anti-pyretic, anti-inflammatory, antitussive and diuretic effects of TCM may be responsible for the observed improvement. Further experimental studies are warranted to confirm the efficacy and mechanism of TCM action in the treatment of pneumonia.


id: cord-273556-rvo0vyk3
author: Zhang, Kui
date: 2020-06-09
txt: ./txt/cord-273556-rvo0vyk3.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-273556-rvo0vyk3.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0965229920304842
doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102473
summary:
  title: The combined therapy of a traditional Chinese medicine formula and Western medicine for a critically ill case infected with COVID-19 OBJECTIVE: Presentation of a case illustrating the benefits of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for treatment of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in critically ill patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our case report suggests that collaborative treatments with traditional Chinese medicine prove beneficial in the management of COVID-19 in critically ill patients. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a newly recognised illness that has spread rapidly throughout Wuhan (Hubei province) to other provinces in China and around the world. Here, we report 1 critically ill case, who was infected by COVID-19, obtained good results after the combined therapy of our TCM formula and Western medicine. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study

title:
  The combined therapy of a traditional Chinese medicine formula and Western medicine for a critically ill case infected with COVID-19

abstract:
  OBJECTIVE: Presentation of a case illustrating the benefits of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for treatment of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in critically ill patients. CLINICAL FEATURES AND OUTCOME: A 58-year-old woman presented with cough, fever, dizziness, chest tightness, polypnea and poor appetite. She was admitted to Guizhou Provincial People’s hospital, and diagnosed with critically ill type of COVID-19 in February, 2020. According to the patient's symptoms and signs, the TCM syndrome differentiation was qi deficiency, dampness-stasis and toxin accumulation. Then she received the combined therapy of a modified Chinese herbal formula and Western medicine. During a twelve-day period of treatment, her respiratory distress and appetite quickly improved. Abnormal laboratory indicators were resumed in time and lung lesions in CT scan largely absorbed. no side effects associated with this Chinese herbal formula were found. Before discharge, two consecutive nasopharyngeal swabs were shown to be negative for severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). CONCLUSIONS: Our case report suggests that collaborative treatments with traditional Chinese medicine prove beneficial in the management of COVID-19 in critically ill patients. In order to give optimal care for this COVID-19 crisis for the whole world, Chinese medicine practitioners and Western medical doctors should work together in frontline.


id: cord-273941-gu6nnv9d
title: Chapter 5 Network Pharmacology
author: Chandran, Uma
date: 2017-12-31
txt: ./txt/cord-273941-gu6nnv9d.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-273941-gu6nnv9d.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/B9780128018149000052
doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801814-9.00005-2
summary:
  This is referred to as "polypharmacology." The concept of network biology was used to integrate data from DrugBank (Re and Valentini, 2013) and OMIM (Hamosh et al., 2005) , an online catalog of human genes and genetic disorders to understand the industry trends, the properties of drug targets, and to study how drug targets are related to disease-gene products. NP coupled to sophisticated spectroscopical analysis such as ultra-performance liquid chromatographyÀelectrospray, ionizationÀtandem mass spectroscopy (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) is a useful approach to study the absolute molecular mechanism of action of botanical formulations based on their constituent bioactives (Xu et al., 2014a) . A network pharmacology approach to understanding the mechanisms of action of traditional medicine: bushenhuoxue formula for treatment of chronic kidney disease A network-based analysis of the types of coronary artery disease from traditional Chinese medicine perspective: potential for therapeutics and drug discovery

abstract:
  Abstract The one-drug/one-target/one-disease approach to drug discovery is presently facing many challenges of safety, efficacy, and sustainability. Network biology and polypharmacology approaches gained appreciation recently as methods for omics data integration and multitarget drug development, respectively. The combination of these two approaches created a novel paradigm called network pharmacology (NP) that looks at the effect of drugs on both the interactome and the diseasome level. Ayurveda, the traditional system of Indian medicine, uses intelligent formulations containing multiple ingredients and multiple bioactive compounds; however, the scientific rationale and mechanisms remain largely unexplored. NP approaches can serve as a valuable tool for evidence-based Ayurveda to understand the medicines’ putative actions, indications, and mechanisms. This chapter discusses NP and its potential to explore traditional medicine systems to overcome the drug discovery impasse.


id: cord-274141-vujx538o
title: Coronaviruses and Nature’s Pharmacy for the Relief of Coronavirus Disease 2019
author: Chinsembu, Kazhila C.
date: 2020-10-06
txt: ./txt/cord-274141-vujx538o.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-274141-vujx538o.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43450-020-00104-7
doi: 10.1007/s43450-020-00104-7
abstract: [Image: see text]
summary:
  De Clercq (2005 suggested that it was feasible to develop SARS-CoV fusion inhibitors analogous to enfuvirtide, a linear 36-amino acid synthetic peptide marketed under the trade name Fuzeon, an approved anti-HIV drug that inhibits the entry of the virus into cells. It was hypothesized that specific flavonoids, such as quercetin, hesperetin, and myricetin (7) and their glycosylated derivatives, may play an effective role in inhibiting SARS-CoV entry into host cells, specifically by binding with high affinity to the spike protein, helicase, and protease sites on the ACE receptor (Ngwa et al. Although the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 global pandemic should remind scientists that current options for treating life-threatening zoonotic coronavirus infections are very limited , medicinal plants offer a strong pipeline for the discovery of novel lead compounds that can be converted into new drugs to treat COVID-19.


id: cord-277970-sb1wjd3b
title: Screening for Anti-Influenza Actives of Prefractionated Traditional Chinese Medicines
author: Kang, Qianli
date: 2020-10-14
txt: ./txt/cord-277970-sb1wjd3b.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-277970-sb1wjd3b.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33123207/
doi: 10.1155/2020/4979850
summary:
  It''s therefore of great value to discover novel antivirals from TCMs. In this paper, One hundred medicinal plants which have been included in TCM prescriptions for antiviral treatment were selected and prefractionated into 5 fractions each by sequentially using cyclohexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water. As a result, ten TCM fractions were identified to have antiviral potency against IAV, deserving further analysis for novel anti-influenza lead drugs. To this end, 100 medicinal plants which have been recorded as antiviral formula compositions were fractionated with cyclohexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water sequentially, generating a library consisting of 500 prefractionated TCM extracts (Figure 1, Table S1 ). By using a HTS approach based on recombinant reporter influenza PR8-PB2-Gluc virus, the antiviral activity of each fraction against IAV was evaluated, and 10 simplified extracts were identified as anti-influenza actives ( Figure 3 ).

abstract:
  Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have proven to possess advantages in counteracting virus infections according to clinical practices. It's therefore of great value to discover novel antivirals from TCMs. In this paper, One hundred medicinal plants which have been included in TCM prescriptions for antiviral treatment were selected and prefractionated into 5 fractions each by sequentially using cyclohexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water. 500 TCM-simplified extracts were then subjected to a phenotypic screening using a recombinant IAV expressing Gaussia luciferase. Ten TCM fractions were identified to possess antiviral activities against influenza virus. The IC50's of the hit fractions range from 1.08 to 6.45 μg/mL, while the SIs, from 7.52 to 98.40. Furthermore, all the ten hit fractions inhibited the propagation of progeny influenza virus significantly at 20 μg/mL. The hit TCM fractions deserve further isolation for responsible constituents leading towards anti-influenza drugs. Moreover, a library consisting of 500 simplified TCM extracts was established, facilitating antiviral screening in quick response to emerging and re-emerging viruses such as Ebola virus and current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.


id: cord-279875-jxnszm5k
title: Contribution of traditional Chinese medicine to the treatment of COVID-19
author: Wang, Wan-Ying
date: 2020-07-07
txt: ./txt/cord-279875-jxnszm5k.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-279875-jxnszm5k.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0944711320301100?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153279
summary:
  (Mahase, 2020) In China, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is concurrently playing an important role in the treatment of COVID-19, integrated with modern imaging system, first-aid facility and ordinary chemical therapy. Each mobile cabin hospital is equipped with 2-3 TCM experts and a team of 12 national TCM masters are accompanied with severe patients in Wuhan.(Liu，Ruiche, 2020) Currently, the national treatment guidance of COVID-19 (7 th edition) (General Office of the National Health Commission, 2020) and more than 20 provinces and regions have released modified treatment guidance inclining TCM integration according to their geographical and weather conditions, which is an unique methodology in TCM therapy based on the perspective of harmonization between environment and human body. Therefore, a qualitative definition of COVID-19 in TCM theory is a "cold and damp" (Chen and Nakamura, 2004; Jia and Gao, 2003) Using a different idea from the microbiology-oriented knowledge of the aetiology of the disease or the mechanism of novel drugs, TCM emphasizes on the relief of symptoms so as to cure infected patients and control the spreading of epidemics.

abstract:
  COVID-19 as an epidemic disease has spread across the planet since December 2019. The somber situation reminds each country to take actions in preventing the spreading of the virus. China as one of the early affected countries has been fighting against the novel coronavirus with the achievements of nearly 80,000 cured confirmed patients. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has made contributions to the treatment of COVID-19 because of its efficacy and comprehensive therapeutic theory. In this commentary, the advantage, aetiology and mechanism of TCM therapy were discussed in the aspect of its functions in reducing the harms brought by COVID-19 to human beings.


id: cord-282298-8tcw3cll
title: Current Situation and Perspectives of Clinical Study in Integrative Medicine in China
author: Wang, Jie
date: 2012-02-21
txt: ./txt/cord-282298-8tcw3cll.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-282298-8tcw3cll.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/268542
doi: 10.1155/2012/268542
summary:
  The clinical achievements mainly include the following three: innovating methodology of disease-syndrome combination, excavating the classical theory in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), preventing and curing refractory diseases. The development ideas and strategies of integrative medicine for future mainly include (a) standing on frontier field of international medicine and improving the capability of preventing and curing refractory diseases; (b) moving prevention and control strategy forward and improving the curative effect of common and frequent disease; (c) excavating the classical theory of TCM and broadening the treatment system of modern medicine; (d) improving the innovation level of new high effective drugs on the basis of classical prescriptions and herbs in TCM; (e) rerecognizing the theory of formula corresponding to syndrome in TCM and enhancing the level of clinical research evidence based on evidence-based medicine.

abstract:
  Integrative medicine is not only an innovative China model in clinical practice, but also the bridge for TCM toward the world. In the past thirty years, great achievements have been made in integrative medicine researches, especially in clinical practice. The clinical achievements mainly include the following three: innovating methodology of disease-syndrome combination, excavating the classical theory in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), preventing and curing refractory diseases. The development ideas and strategies of integrative medicine for future mainly include (a) standing on frontier field of international medicine and improving the capability of preventing and curing refractory diseases; (b) moving prevention and control strategy forward and improving the curative effect of common and frequent disease; (c) excavating the classical theory of TCM and broadening the treatment system of modern medicine; (d) improving the innovation level of new high effective drugs on the basis of classical prescriptions and herbs in TCM; (e) rerecognizing the theory of formula corresponding to syndrome in TCM and enhancing the level of clinical research evidence based on evidence-based medicine. Integrative medicine will do obtain greater achievements in creating new medicine and pharmacology and make more tremendous contributions for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and human health care.


id: cord-282699-tuas2tgd
author: LIU, Wei-hong
date: 2020-03-17
txt: ./txt/cord-282699-tuas2tgd.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-282699-tuas2tgd.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wjam.2020.03.005
doi: 10.1016/j.wjam.2020.03.005
summary:
  To better apply "non-pharmaceutic measures"—the external technique of traditional Chinese medicine, in the article, the main content of Guidance for acupuncture and moxibustion interventions on COVID-19 (Second edition) issued by China Association of Acupuncture–Moxibution is introduced and the discussion is stressed on the selection of moxibustion device and the duration of its exertion. In response to the Chinese government''s call upon the solidarity in the fight against COVID-19 and to better apply the external techniques of TCM to the prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of COVID-19, China Association of Acupuncture-Moxibustion (CAAM) developed and issued Guidance for acupuncture and moxibustion intervention on COVID-19 (Second edition) (hereinafter Guidance ) [7] . The main content of Guidance is introduced as follows to assist in the effective application of TCM techniques, e.g. acupuncture and moxibustion in treatment of COVID-19.

title:
  Understanding of guidance for acupuncture and moxibustion interventions on COVID-19 (Second edition) issued by CAAM

abstract:
  At present, the situation of global fight against COVID-19 is serious. WHO (World Health Organization)-China Joint Mission fully confirms the success of “China's model” against COVID-19 in the report. In fact, one particular power in “China's model” is acupuncture and moxibustion of traditional Chinese medicine. To better apply “non-pharmaceutic measures”—the external technique of traditional Chinese medicine, in the article, the main content of Guidance for acupuncture and moxibustion interventions on COVID-19 (Second edition) issued by China Association of Acupuncture–Moxibution is introduced and the discussion is stressed on the selection of moxibustion device and the duration of its exertion.


id: cord-284833-g914vww5
title: Chinese guidelines related to novel coronavirus pneumonia
author: Qiu, Tingting
date: 2020-10-08
txt: ./txt/cord-284833-g914vww5.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-284833-g914vww5.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33133431/
doi: 10.1080/20016689.2020.1818446
summary:
  A total of 15 guidelines focusing on pharmacological treatments for all COVID-19 cases were further investigated (Table 1) , including 3 national guidelines: the ''Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia'' released by the National Health Commission, the ''Guideline for the appropriate use of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)'' released by China Association of Chinese Medicine, and ''Notifications on the dosage adjustment of Chloroquine Phosphate'' released by National Health Commission. Twelve were provincial guidelines, including 4 focused on the diagnosis and treatment released in Beijing, Shanghai, Hubei province, Shandong province, and Guangdong province, 6 guidelines for the appropriate use of TCM in the treatment of COVID-19, and 2 guidelines provided recommendations specific to the optimal use of Chloroquine Phosphate. The new dosage adjustment of the Chloroquine Phosphate was included in the 7 th version of the Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia and the Guangdong expert consensus.

abstract:
  Background and Objective: China has managed to control the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) with confinement measurements and treatment strategies, while other countries are struggling to contain the spread. This study discusses the guidelines related to COVID-19 in China in order to provide important references for other countries in the fight against COVID-19. Methods: Chinese guidelines relevant to COVID-19 were systematically searched via the China National Knowledge Infrastructure database, YiMaiTong database, and World Health Organization (WHO) COVID-19 database on March 20(th), 2020. Guideline information was extracted, including date of publication, source, objectives and the target population. Guidelines specific to the pharmacological treatment of COVID-19 were further investigated to identify the types of antivirus drugs recommended and to report on how treatment recommendations for COVID-19 have evolved overtime. Results: A total of 100 guidelines were identified, of which 74 were national guidelines and 26 were regional guidelines. The scope of included guidelines consisted of: the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19, the management of hospital departments and specific diseases during the outbreak of COVID-19. Fifty-one of the included guidelines targeted overall COVID-19 patients, while the remaining guidelines concentrated on special patient populations (i.e. geriatric population, pediatric population, and pregnant population) or patients with coexisting diseases. Fifteen guidelines focused on the pharmacological treatments for all COVID-19 patients. Interferon, Lopinavir/Ritonavir, Ribavirin, Chloroquine, and Umifenovir represented the most recommended antivirus drugs. Among them, 7 Chinese guidelines have recommended Chloroquine Phosphate or Hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19. Conclusions: China has generated a plethora of guidelines covering almost all aspects of COVID-19. Chloroquine, as one widely affordable treatment, was recommended by Chinese national guidelines and provincial guidelines. Considering the continuous debates around Chloroquine, confirmatory studies with robust methodology are awaited to address the unanswered questions on its potential benefits and risks on COVID-19.


id: cord-289238-f3lv7o4d
title: Traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of acute respiratory tract infections
author: Wu, Taixiang
date: 2008-08-31
txt: ./txt/cord-289238-f3lv7o4d.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-289238-f3lv7o4d.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095461110800125X
doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2008.03.015
summary:
  Summary Aims To review the evidence from Cochrane systematic reviews for the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicinal (TCM) herbs for treating acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) and to discuss the limitations of current clinical trials of TCM. The six reviews related to the use of TCM in the treatment of acute bronchitis, influenza, measles, sore throat, common cold and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), respectively. If a preparation was tested as the intervention, it had a high rate of effectiveness; if used as a control drug by another author, it may have had a much lower rate of One poor-quality trial showed that TCM may decrease influenza symptoms and speed up recovery. Common cold 14 trials identified and included In five studies, treatment with herbal preparations resulted in a statistically significantly shorter duration of symptoms compared with control.

abstract:
  Summary Aims To review the evidence from Cochrane systematic reviews for the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicinal (TCM) herbs for treating acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) and to discuss the limitations of current clinical trials of TCM. Findings Evidence from six Cochrane systematic reviews was weak owing to the lack of high-quality TCM trials. Limitations were usually due to biases that influenced the validity of results. Conclusions TCM is widely used for treating ARTIs. However, none of the identified studies has been well designed or conducted. In this overview, we suggest that clinical trials of TCM for ARTIs need to be re-run in accordance with internationally recognized standards.


id: cord-290412-m6fesoyb
author: Zhao, Chang-qing
date: 2014-09-30
txt: ./txt/cord-290412-m6fesoyb.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-290412-m6fesoyb.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S209549641460039X
doi: 10.1016/s2095-4964(14)60039-x
summary:
  In this article, we introduce TCM herbal preparations from the Chinese materia medica (such as Fuzheng Huayu) that are typically used for the treatment of liver diseases. TCM is widely applied in the treatment of liver diseases in China by both Chinese medicine doctors and Western medicine doctors because its ability to protect hepatocytes, inhibit hepatic inflammation and reduce fibrosis in the liver. Several patent drugs (Chinese herbal formulas) for treatment Clinical observations showed that FZHYC can effectively improve liver function and decrease the expression of fibrosis biomarkers such as serum hyaluronic acid, collagen type IV, procollagen type III and laminin, in chronic liver disease patients with fibrosis or cirrhosis [43, 44] . Randomized controlled multicenter clinical trial for integrated treatment of community-acquired pneumonia based on traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation Optimized project of traditional Chinese medicine in treating chronic kidney disease stage 3: a multicenter double-blinded randomized controlled trial

title:
  Traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of liver diseases: progress, challenges and opportunities

abstract:
  Abstract Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is commonly used in treating liver diseases worldwide, especially in China. The advantages of using TCM for treatment of liver diseases include: protecting hepatocytes, inhibiting hepatic inflammation and antifibrosis in the liver. In this article, we introduce TCM herbal preparations from the Chinese materia medica (such as Fuzheng Huayu) that are typically used for the treatment of liver diseases. Literature surrounding the mechanisms of TCM therapy for treatment of liver diseases is presented and discussed. We propose that side effects of herbal compounds are often under-appreciated, and that more care should be taken in the prescription of potentially hepatotoxic medicines. Further, to deepen the understanding of TCM mechanisms, new techniques and methodologies must be developed. Future studies will lead to the enhancement of clinical outcomes of TCM. As complementary and alternative therapies, TCMs will play an expanding role in the future of liver disease treatment.


id: cord-291279-8rfx9qde
author: Li, Zhuman
date: 2020-07-10
txt: ./txt/cord-291279-8rfx9qde.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-291279-8rfx9qde.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00385
doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00385
abstract: nan
summary:
  title: Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Treatment With Traditional Chinese Medicine: Response Philosophy in Another Culture More than 40,000 medical staffs including traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) doctors from all over the country were called up to Wuhan, and other cities in Hubei provinces to treat patients 4 . According to a news release from the National Administration of TCM, the integration of traditional Chinese and Western medical treatment can achieve satisfactory results for resolution of symptoms of COVID-19 6 . Even COVID-19 is brand new emerging severe infectious disease caused by a brand new coronavirus and no specific drug is used to cure in modern medicine, TCM still has confidence to fight the epidemic. Traditional Chinese medicine contributes to the treatment of COVID-19 patients Analysis and thinking on traditional Chinese medicine in preventing and treating severe cases of novel coronavirus pneumonia Traditional Chinese medicine theory and clinical study on Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (NCP) infection

title:
  Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Treatment With Traditional Chinese Medicine: Response Philosophy in Another Culture


id: cord-296195-m2wwlvgx
title: Toona sinensis Roem tender leaf extract inhibits SARS coronavirus replication
author: Chen, Chung-Jen
date: 2008-10-30
txt: ./txt/cord-296195-m2wwlvgx.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-296195-m2wwlvgx.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378874108004200
doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.07.048
summary:
  RESULTS: Only TSL-1, the extract from tender leaf of Toona sinensis Roem was found to have an evident effect against SARS-CoV with selectivity index 12∼17. In the third study, five TCM formulae included Yin-Chiau-San, Pu-Zhi-Siau-Du-Yien, Ger-Gern-Hwang-Lein, Sang-Zhiu-Yien and Huang-Lein-Zhei-Du-Tang as well as Toona sinensis Roem tender leaf extract TSL-1 and TSL-1nm were tested against SARS-CoV. Much different from a lot of previously identified components or drugs against SARS-CoV, the tender leaf of Toona sinensis Roem has been used as a popular vegetable by Chinese people in both mainland China and Taiwan with high level of safety. To our knowledge, this is the first report to show extract from the tender leaf of Toona sinensis Roem against SARS-CoV. In conclusion, this paper reports for the first time that extract from a vegetable, the tender leaf of Toona sinensis Roem, can inhibit SARS-CoV in vitro. In conclusion, this paper reports for the first time that extract from a vegetable, the tender leaf of Toona sinensis Roem, can inhibit SARS-CoV in vitro.

abstract:
  AIM OF THE STUDY: Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a life-threatening disease caused by the SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV). The development of new antiviral agents for SARS-CoV is an important issue. We tried to find potential resource from Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for development of new drugs against SARS-CoV. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our team recruited the potential TCM formulae (also known as Kampo) from two TCM books, Shang-Han Lun (Discussion of Cold-Induced Disorders) and Wen-Bing Tiau-Bein (Differential Management of Febrile Diseases). Several herbs, which were believed to be beneficial for SARS by experienced TCM doctors were also recruited. In addition, a vegetable polular in Taiwan, China and Malaysia, the tender leaf of Toona sinensis Roem (also known as Cedrela sinensis, belongs to the family Meliacceae) was also recruited under the suggestion of botanic experts. These TCM products and plant extrats were then tested for the effectiveness against SARS-CoV in vitro. RESULTS: Only TSL-1, the extract from tender leaf of Toona sinensis Roem was found to have an evident effect against SARS-CoV with selectivity index 12∼17. CONCLUSION: This paper reports for the first time that extract from a vegetable, the tender leaf of Toona sinensis Roem, can inhibit SARS-CoV in vitro. Thererfore, the tender leaf of Toona sinensis Roem may be an important resource agninst SARS-CoV.


id: cord-297599-y4lu8m4k
title: Anti-COVID-19 drug screening: Frontier concepts and core technologies
author: Luo, Hua
date: 2020-10-28
txt: ./txt/cord-297599-y4lu8m4k.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-297599-y4lu8m4k.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33133232/
doi: 10.1186/s13020-020-00393-z
summary:
  This paper thoroughly summarizes interdisciplinary notions and techniques, including disease model, biochip, network pharmacology, and molecular docking technology, etc., providing a reference for researchers in the screening of drugs for COVID-19 prevention and treatment. Some researchers are currently using mice as an animal model to test drugs and vaccines and to investigate the nature of the infection of SARS-CoV-2 [49] [50] [51] . In fact, in a study led by Qin Chuan on SARS, engineered mice that could express human ACE2 protein was successfully established, leading this Chinese team pioneered the establishment of a SARS-CoV-2 infected hACE2 transgenic mouse model [54] . For example, an effective and convenient novel mouse model in evaluating in vivo protective capacity of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines was developed through stitching the human gene for ACE2 into an adenovirus by Perlman et al.

abstract:
  The outbreak of COVID-19 has recently evolved into a global pandemic. Up to July 2020, almost every country has confirmed COVID-19 cases reported worldwide. Many leading experts have predicted that the epidemic will persist for relatively a long period of time. Thus far, there have been no remedies proven effective against the disease. As the nation where COVID-19 broke out first, China has adopted a combination of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine to fight against the disease, and has achieved significant clinical result. Up to now, the COVID-19 pandemic has been effectively controlled in China. However, the rest of the world (except for a limited number of countries and regions) is still in deep water. This paper thoroughly summarizes interdisciplinary notions and techniques, including disease model, biochip, network pharmacology, and molecular docking technology, etc., providing a reference for researchers in the screening of drugs for COVID-19 prevention and treatment. These methodologies may facilitate researchers to screen out more potential drugs for treating COVID-19 pneumonia and to tackle this global crisis.


id: cord-300452-dqb6em7g
title: Current Policies and Measures on the Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine in China
author: Wang, Wan-Ying
date: 2020-09-09
txt: ./txt/cord-300452-dqb6em7g.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-300452-dqb6em7g.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S104366182031495X
doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105187
summary:
  Since the launching of the 12 th Five-year Plan, great efforts have been made to improve the development of TCM: Sixty-three State Science and Technology Awards were honored to the research in the field of TCM; Four TCM drugs have been allowed to conduct phase III clinical trial in US and a number of Chinese patent medicines have been recorded in European and US Pharmacopoeia [11] . State council of the People''s Republic of China, The Outline of the Strategic Plan on the Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine State Council of the People''s Republic of China, The Plan of Protecting and Developing Chinese Medicinal Plants State Council of the People''s Republic of China, The Plan of Developing Healthcare Service of Traditional Chinese Medicine State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People''s Republic of China State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and National Development and Reform Commission of the People''s Republic of China

abstract:
  Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is a medical science and cultural heritage empirically applied and reserved by Chinese people for thousands of years. With comprehensive prosperity of China and rapid elaboration of technology, healthcare status of Chinese people has become one of the most crucial concerns of the country. Nearly 30 policies and measures regarding TCM development have been issued since the 18(th) National Congress of the Communist Party of People’s Republic of China in 2012. This review introduced a detailed evolutionary course of TCM in China with an emphasis on understanding the roadmap of TCM related policies and measures in China.


id: cord-300469-u6zjdqx6
title: New concepts and approaches for drug discovery based on traditional Chinese medicine
author: Xu, Xiaojie
date: 2006-11-09
txt: ./txt/cord-300469-u6zjdqx6.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-300469-u6zjdqx6.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ddtec.2006.09.008
doi: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2006.09.008
summary:
  In this review, we report a new reverse approach (from finding bioactive molecules to separating target compounds in the related plant) by using virtual screening, immobilized enzyme and polyclonal antibody, molecularly imprinted polymers for finding, and separating the active compounds from TCM. In this review, we report a reverse approach (from finding bioactive molecules to separating target compounds in the related plant) by using virtual screening, immobilized enzymes, polyclonal antibodies and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) to find and separate the active compounds from TCM quickly and efficiently. So it is necessary for us to carry out drug discovery research by using available information and knowledge and developing new approaches for screening and separating the active compounds directly from TCM. MIP can be used to mimic the enzyme or receptor for direct screening, separation and online identification of active compounds from TCM, and can speed up drug discovery based on TCM.

abstract:
  In this review, we report a new reverse approach (from finding bioactive molecules to separating target compounds in the related plant) by using virtual screening, immobilized enzyme and polyclonal antibody, molecularly imprinted polymers for finding, and separating the active compounds from TCM. This approach is faster and more efficient than the traditional time-consuming approach (from selecting the plant to separating compounds following the bioassay guidance).


id: cord-300517-41pr3dwa
title: The clinical benefits of Chinese patent medicines against COVID-19 based on current evidence
author: Zhang, Dan
date: 2020-05-05
txt: ./txt/cord-300517-41pr3dwa.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-300517-41pr3dwa.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1043661820311907?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104882
summary:
  As recommended in the Guideline on Diagnosis and Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Revised 7th version) which was officially released by National Health Commission of the People''s Republic of China, TCM could exert favorable effects for patients with different syndromes and distinct stages of COVID-19, contributing to infections in the periods of both medical observation and clinical treatment [23] . In addition, prevenient Chinese research pointed out its clinical J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f advantages that were related to improve respiratory symptoms, inhibit concurrent bacterial infection, and regulate immune function, superior clinical safety, especially certain hepatoprotective effects, suggesting it might have potentials to relieve some drug-induced liver injury during the treatment of COVID-19 for serious cases [60] .

abstract:
  The outbreak of emerging infectious pneumonia caused by 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has posed an enormous threat to public health, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have made vast contribution to the prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) among Chinese population. As an indispensable part of TCM, Chinese patent medicines (CPMs) are highly valued and critically acclaimed in their campaign to contain and tackle the epidemic, they can achieve considerable effects for both suspected cases under medical observation period, and confirmed individuals with serious underlying diseases or critical conditions. Given this, based on the Guideline on Diagnosis and Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China, the present review summarized the basic information, clinical evidence and published literatures of recommended CPMs against COVID-19. The details were thoroughly introduced involving compositions, therapeutic effects, clinical indications, medication history of CPMs and the profiles of corresponding research. With regard to infected patients with different stages and syndrome, the preferable potentials and therapeutic mechanism of CPMs were addressed through the comprehensive collection of relevant literatures and on-going clinical trials. This study could provide an insight into clinical application and underlying mechanism of recommended CPMs against COVID-19, with the aim to share the Chinese experience in clinical practice and facilitate scientific development of TCM, especially CPMs in the fierce battle of COVID-19.


id: cord-304021-e0zj7apb
title: SWOT analysis and revelation in traditional Chinese medicine internationalization
author: Tang, Haitao
date: 2018-01-25
txt: ./txt/cord-304021-e0zj7apb.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-304021-e0zj7apb.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29416556/
doi: 10.1186/s13020-018-0165-1
summary:
  In recent years, Europe, the US, Japan, South Korea and many other developed countries and regions have adopted modern research methods and techniques to increase the development of traditional botanical drugs, the screening and confirmation of active ingredients, the establishment of international advanced quality standards and the development of new formulations [43] . First, due to the equivalent access for World Trade Organization (WTO) members, China''s admission to the WTO gave it more opportunities to participate in international exchanges and cooperation, to promote the wider spread of Chinese medicinal culture, and to recommend TCM products with minimal side effects and high efficiency in treating both symptoms and causes of disease, which will establish a good foundation for popularizing TCM in the international community [25] .

abstract:
  Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is currently the best-preserved and most influential traditional medical system with the largest number of users worldwide. In recent years, the trend of TCM adoption has increased greatly, but the process of TCM internationalization has suffered from a series of setbacks for both internal and external reasons. Thus, the process of TCM internationalization faces formidable challenges, although it also has favourable opportunities. Using SWOT analysis, this paper investigates the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats for TCM. These findings can serve as references for TCM enterprises with global ambitions.


id: cord-310210-f2wb3er0
author: Xie, Runsheng
date: 2020-09-02
txt: ./txt/cord-310210-f2wb3er0.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-310210-f2wb3er0.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1043661820314869?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105178
summary:
  In response to this long-standing problem, the Reporting Items for practice Guidelines in HealThcare (RIGHT) Working Group has organized a group of TCM clinical experts, methodologists, and epidemiology, through a multi-staged development process, including systematic review, reporting quality evaluation and online Delphi expert consensus, developed the RIGHT Extension Statement for TCM (RIGHT-TCM). These general principles and basic methods for treating diseases are based on the unique concept of holism and syndrome differentiation and have guiding significance for the specific J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f treatment measures in traditional Chinese medicine [22] . Using the RIGHT Statement to evaluate the reporting quality of clinical practice guidelines in traditional Chinese medicine Extension of RIGHT 13a item (recommendation section) 7Describe whether to treat disease based on the syndrome differentiation of traditional Chinese medicine.

title:
  The RIGHT Extension Statement for Traditional Chinese Medicine: Development, Recommendations, and Explanation

abstract:
  Nowadays, the number of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) guidelines is constantly increasing, but its reporting quality is still disappointing. One of the main reasons is that there is a lack of suitable reporting standard to guide it. Low-quality reports impede the presentation of the guidelines’ content even if the guidelines are well projected and developed, thereby hindering the user’s integration and evaluation of guidelines and even misleading clinical decisions [1,2]. In response to this long-standing problem, the Reporting Items for practice Guidelines in HealThcare (RIGHT) Working Group has organized a group of TCM clinical experts, methodologists, and epidemiology, through a multi-staged development process, including systematic review, reporting quality evaluation and online Delphi expert consensus, developed the RIGHT Extension Statement for TCM (RIGHT-TCM). The RIGHT-TCM extends two sections of the RIGHT Statement, includes basic information and recommendations section. Seven strong recommendation sub-items were added on the basis of RIGHT Statement and formed the RIGHT-TCM finally. The group hopes that the RIGHT-TCM can assist TCM guideline developers in reporting guidelines, support journal editors and peer reviewers when considering TCM guideline reports, and help health care practitioners understand and implement a TCM guideline. This article will introduce its background, development, recommendations and explanation as follows.


id: cord-330674-enq6kgab
author: Yu, Jung-Sheng
date: 2014-06-12
txt: ./txt/cord-330674-enq6kgab.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-330674-enq6kgab.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32288884/
doi: 10.1016/j.eujim.2014.06.003
summary:
  INTRODUCTION: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used to treat upper respiratory tract infections/common colds (URTIs) in Asian countries for over 2000 years. METHODS: The TCM treatments for patients consulting with an URTIs were analyzed from the National Health Insurance Research Database using the appropriate codes from the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnoses for Taiwan in 2009. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used to treat upper respiratory tract infections/common colds (URTIs) in Asian countries for over 2000 years. A number of Chinese herbs have been used to treat URTIs. TCM treatment of disease in Taiwan is generally in accordance with TCM theories and the personal experience of the CMDs. Our results showed that Yin-Qiao-San was the most popular TCM formula that was used to treat URTIs. Yin-Qiao-San first appeared in the record of WenBingTiaoBian (1798-1836 A.D.) and remains a common TCM prescription for treating seasonal influenza [35] , as well as the common cold, fever, cough, and other respiratory tract diseases [36] .

title:
  Traditional Chinese medicine treatments for upper respiratory tract infections/common colds in Taiwan

abstract:
  INTRODUCTION: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used to treat upper respiratory tract infections/common colds (URTIs) in Asian countries for over 2000 years. However, Chinese medicine doctors (CMDs) follow the traditional treatment rules to select or administer these diverse Chinese medicine formulae. The main purpose of our study was to explore data on the frequency of medication and medication habits by CMDs for the treatment of URTIs with Chinese herbs and Chinese medicine formulae. METHODS: The TCM treatments for patients consulting with an URTIs were analyzed from the National Health Insurance Research Database using the appropriate codes from the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnoses for Taiwan in 2009. A data mining and association rules, were used to analyze co-prescriptions of TCM for patients with URTIs. RESULTS: For 472,005 patients who sought the treatment of URTIs, a total of 46,805 patients with URTIs received TCM treatments, of these 29,052 patients sought both TCM and Western medication treatments. Of the URTIs patients who had received a TCM treatment, 79% presented with an acute common cold, 9% had influenza, and 9% had acute upper respiratory infections. Furthermore, 53.89% of the sample were aged between 20 and 49 years, and 62.84% were women, 3.56% of the patients used Yin-Qiao-San and 2.76% used Jie-Geng. Yin-Qiao-San and Ma-Xing-Gan-Shi-Tang were the most commonly combinations of prescriptions for patients with URTIs. CONCLUSIONS: The patients experiencing URTIs were more likely to request TCM treatment if their symptoms were mild and they were women. The Chinese medicine doctors treating URTIs generally followed TCM theory. A coding system for TCM diagnostic classifications could improve evaluations of TCM treatments.


id: cord-336330-5m0fhoki
author: Wong, R.W.K.
date: 2010-04-24
txt: ./txt/cord-336330-5m0fhoki.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-336330-5m0fhoki.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20418062/
doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2010.02.024
summary:
  Fructus armeniaca mume had inhibitory effects against Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis in vitro. Oral bacteria provide a good starting point for investigating the antimicrobial activities of TCM because the oral cavity is a strategic place for the development of infective disease and in vivo and clinical studies are easy to carry out. In this study, the authors investigate the antimicrobial activity of some TCMs that have been used to treat symptoms related to infection (e.g. fever, inflammation, cough) on several bacteria found in the oral biofilm to identify potential agents to control oral infections and diseases. The TCMs, Rhizoma coptidis and Galla chinensis, which showed potent antimicrobial activity against the four tested bacteria in the agar diffusion assay screening test, were selected for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination using the standard broth microdilution assay 2,6,7 . The authors compared the antimicrobial activity of TCMs with one effective oral antiseptic, chlorhexidine.

title:
  Antimicrobial activity of Chinese medicine herbs against common bacteria in oral biofilm. A pilot study

abstract:
  Twenty traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against four common oral bacteria. TCMs were tested for sensitivity against Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Aliquots of suspension of each bacterial species were inoculated onto a horse blood agar plate with TCMs soaked separately on 6 mm paper disks. The plates were incubated for 48 h anaerobically and the mean diameters of growth inhibition of three different areas obtained. 0.2% (w/v) chlorhexidine was used as a positive control. Broth microdilution assay was used to determine minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration. Fructus armeniaca mume was effective against all four bacteria. Thirteen TCMs demonstrated antimicrobial activity against Porphyromonas gingivalis, including Cortex magnoliae officinalis, Cortex phellodendri, Flos caryophylli, Flos lonicerae japonicae, Fructus armeniaca mume, Fructus forsythiae suspensae, Herba cum radice violae yedoensitis, Herba menthae haplocalycis, Pericarpium granati, Radix et rhizoma rhei, Radix gentianae, Ramulus cinnamomi cassia and Rhizoma cimicifugae. Cortex phellodendri showed antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans, while Radix et rhizoma rhei was effective against Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus sanguis. Fructus armeniaca mume had inhibitory effects against Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis in vitro.


id: cord-336753-4212ftlc
title: Analysis on herbal medicines utilized for treatment of COVID-19
author: Luo, Lu
date: 2020-05-27
txt: ./txt/cord-336753-4212ftlc.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-336753-4212ftlc.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221138352030589X?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.05.007
summary:
  As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses a substantial global public health threat, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) was used in 91.50% of the COVID-19 cases in China, showing encouraging results in improving symptom management and reducing the deterioration, mortality, and recurrence rates. While COVID-19 is now being effectively controlled within China, it is increasingly affecting other countries worldwide, most notably the U.S., Iran, and Italy since Feb 25, 2020 1 3 With a long history of combating epidemic diseases with relatively low mortality, TCM has accumulated a rich antiviral herb knowledgebase from clinical observation and pharmacological selection. There are mutual groupings within these core combinations of herbal pairs and chemical components, thus supporting that the herbs and formulae containing these properties may act as potential candidates for COVID-19 treatment ( Fig. 4B and Table S6 .2). A report on the therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine 19 on empidemic encephalitis B-summary of TCM treatment group in 1956

abstract:
  As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses a substantial global public health threat, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) was used in 91.50% of the COVID-19 cases in China, showing encouraging results in improving symptom management and reducing the deterioration, mortality, and recurrence rates. A total of 166 modified herbal formulae consisting of 179 single herbal medicines were collected for treating COVID-19 in China. Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizome, Scutellariae Radix, and Armeniacae Semen Amarum are the most frequently utilized in clinics, most of which are antipyretic (47, 26.26%), expectorant and cough-suppressing (22, 12.29%), and dampness-resolving (21, 11.73%) from traditional descriptions. A total of 1212 chemical components containing β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and quercetin were primarily selected. Additionally, using complex system entropy and unsupervised hierarchical clustering, 8 core herbal combinations and 10 new formulae emerged as potentially useful candidates for COVID-19. Finally, following scaffold analysis, self-organizing mapping (SOM) and cluster analysis, 12 clusters of molecules yielded 8 pharmacophore families of structures that were further screened as pharmacological targets in human metabolic pathways for inhibiting coronavirus. This article aims to make more easily accessible and share historical herbal knowledge used in contemporary treatments in a modern manner to assist researchers contain the global spread of COVID-19.


id: cord-340119-af8i359n
author: Wang, Shi-xin
date: 2020-04-15
txt: ./txt/cord-340119-af8i359n.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-340119-af8i359n.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095496420300376?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.joim.2020.04.001
summary:
  Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is capable of performing syndrome differentiation and treatment according to the clinical manifestations of patients, and has a better ability of epidemic prevention and control. TCM characteristics, prevention and treatment of pneumonia infected by novel coronavirus in Hunan Province from the perspective of dampness, toxin and dryness Notice of Beijing Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine on issuing the prevention and treatment plan for pneumonia infected by novel coronavirus in Beijing (trial second edition) Notice of Municipal Health Commission on issuing traditional Chinese medicine prevention and treatment plan for pneumonia infected by novel coronavirus in Tianjin (for trial implementation) Notice on issuing the prevention and treatment plan of traditional Chinese medicine for pneumonia infected by novel coronavirus in Gansu Province (trial second edition) Notice on issuing the diagnosis and treatment plan of traditional Chinese medicine for pneumonia infected by novel coronavirus in Hunan Province (trial second edition)

title:
  Diagnosis and treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine

abstract:
  Since the outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) in December 2019, it has rapidly spread to 187 countries, causing serious harm to the health of people and a huge social burden. However, currently, drugs specifically approved for clinical use are not available, except for vaccines against COVID-19 that are being evaluated. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is capable of performing syndrome differentiation and treatment according to the clinical manifestations of patients, and has a better ability of epidemic prevention and control. The authors comprehensively analyzed the etiology and pathogenesis of COVID-19 based on the theory of TCM, and discussed its syndrome differentiation, treatment and prevention measures so as to provide strategies and reference for the prevention and treatment with TCM.


id: cord-350066-xwf7u4n5
title: Acupuncture for breathlessness in COVID-19: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
author: Zhang, Baozhen
date: 2020-07-02
txt: ./txt/cord-350066-xwf7u4n5.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-350066-xwf7u4n5.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32629642/
doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000020701
summary:
  title: Acupuncture for breathlessness in COVID-19: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis [12] In total, 303 ongoing clinical trials concerning the assessment of the therapeutic safety and efficacy for COVID-19 patients have been launched in China by March 1, 2020, 50 of which focus on TCM, including 14 clinical trials aimed at evaluating the efficacy of TCM combined with Western medicine. The recent systematic review and meta-analysis show that acupuncture can relieve breathlessness in subjects with advanced diseases. [16] Therefore, in this meta-analysis review, our goal is to systematically review the efficacy of acupuncture in relieving breathlessness, subsequently improving the physiological function and quality of life of patients with COVID-19 combined with dyspnea. First, it is the first systematic review concerning the safety and effectiveness of acupuncture for breathlessness in COVID-19. The effectiveness of acupuncture in prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting-a systematic review and meta-analysis

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: At present, accumulative attention has been paid to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to its global prevalence. Acupuncture may play a beneficial role in patients with breathlessness in COVID-19. This study is designed to determine the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for breathlessness in COVID-19. METHODS: Randomized controlled trials (RCT) will be searched from 7 electronic databases, with the last search update being 30 June 2020. Studies by registers of clinical trials will be additionally searched. Two investigators will independently select studies, extract data and evaluate study quality. Finally, a meta-analysis will be used to evaluate the pooled intervention effect if possible. RESULTS: Our present findings will indicate the application of acupuncture as an adjunctive treatment for dyspnea in COVID-19, which will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. CONCLUSION: Our study will provide a reference foundation for clinical optimization of treatment. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020182323.


