id sid tid token lemma pos cord-019027-6chba2ru 1 1 key key JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 1 2 : : : cord-019027-6chba2ru 1 3 cord-019027 cord-019027 NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 1 4 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 1 5 6chba2ru 6chba2ru CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 1 6 authors author NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 1 7 : : : cord-019027-6chba2ru 1 8 Schmidt Schmidt NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 1 9 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 1 10 Michael Michael NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 1 11 G. G. NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 1 12 ; ; : cord-019027-6chba2ru 1 13 Banks Banks NNPS cord-019027-6chba2ru 1 14 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 1 15 Andrea Andrea NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 1 16 L. L. NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 1 17 ; ; : cord-019027-6chba2ru 1 18 Salgado Salgado NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 1 19 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 1 20 Cassandra Cassandra NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 1 21 D. D. NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 1 22 title title NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 1 23 : : : cord-019027-6chba2ru 1 24 Role role NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 1 25 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 1 26 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 1 27 Microbial Microbial NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 1 28 Burden Burden NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 1 29 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 1 30 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 1 31 Acquisition Acquisition NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 1 32 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 1 33 Control Control NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 1 34 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 1 35 Healthcare Healthcare NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 1 36 Associated Associated NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 1 37 Infections Infections NNPS cord-019027-6chba2ru 1 38 : : : cord-019027-6chba2ru 2 1 The the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 2 2 Utility Utility NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 2 3 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 2 4 Solid Solid NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 2 5 Copper Copper NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 2 6 Surfaces Surfaces NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 2 7 date date NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 2 8 : : : cord-019027-6chba2ru 2 9 2014 2014 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 2 10 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 2 11 07 07 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 2 12 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 2 13 12 12 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 2 14 journal journal NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 2 15 : : : cord-019027-6chba2ru 2 16 Use Use NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 2 17 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 2 18 Biocidal Biocidal NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 2 19 Surfaces Surfaces NNPS cord-019027-6chba2ru 2 20 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 2 21 Reduction reduction NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 2 22 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 2 23 Healthcare Healthcare NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 2 24 Acquired Acquired NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 2 25 Infections Infections NNPS cord-019027-6chba2ru 2 26 DOI DOI NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 2 27 : : : cord-019027-6chba2ru 2 28 10.1007/978 10.1007/978 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 2 29 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 2 30 3 3 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 2 31 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 2 32 319 319 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 2 33 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 2 34 08057 08057 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 2 35 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 2 36 4_4 4_4 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 2 37 sha sha NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 2 38 : : : cord-019027-6chba2ru 2 39 d1e58c7be2c5d5cda855f92c5d50d7b0b9ba815d d1e58c7be2c5d5cda855f92c5d50d7b0b9ba815d NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 2 40 doc_id doc_id CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 2 41 : : : cord-019027-6chba2ru 2 42 19027 19027 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 2 43 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 2 44 : : : cord-019027-6chba2ru 3 1 6chba2ru 6chba2ru CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 4 1 For for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 4 2 more more JJR cord-019027-6chba2ru 4 3 than than IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 4 4 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 4 5 century century NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 4 6 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 4 7 healthcare healthcare NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 4 8 has have VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 4 9 been be VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 4 10 challenged challenge VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 4 11 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 4 12 keep keep VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 4 13 environmental environmental JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 4 14 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 4 15 clean clean JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 4 16 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 4 17 control control VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 4 18 microbes microbe NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 4 19 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 4 20 improve improve VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 4 21 patient patient JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 4 22 outcomes outcome NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 4 23 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 5 1 However however RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 5 2 despite despite IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 5 3 an an DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 5 4 annual annual JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 5 5 cost cost NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 5 6 exceeding exceed VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 5 7 ten ten CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 5 8 billion billion CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 5 9 dollars dollar NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 5 10 cleaning clean VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 5 11 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 5 12 disinfection disinfection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 5 13 has have VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 5 14 done do VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 5 15 little little JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 5 16 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 5 17 reduce reduce VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 5 18 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 5 19 incidence incidence NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 5 20 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 5 21 healthcare healthcare NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 5 22 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 5 23 associated associate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 5 24 infections infection NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 5 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 5 26 HAI HAI NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 5 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 5 28 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 6 1 This this DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 6 2 chapter chapter NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 6 3 will will MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 6 4 review review VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 6 5 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 6 6 scientific scientific JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 6 7 evidence evidence NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 6 8 delineating delineate VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 6 9 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 6 10 role role NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 6 11 that that WDT cord-019027-6chba2ru 6 12 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 6 13 environment environment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 6 14 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 6 15 healthcare healthcare NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 6 16 workers worker NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 6 17 play play VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 6 18 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 6 19 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 6 20 acquisition acquisition NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 6 21 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 6 22 movement movement NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 6 23 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 6 24 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 6 25 microbes microbe NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 6 26 implicated implicate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 6 27 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 6 28 HAI HAI NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 6 29 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 6 30 how how WRB cord-019027-6chba2ru 6 31 through through IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 6 32 controlling control VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 6 33 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 6 34 microbial microbial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 6 35 burden burden NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 6 36 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 6 37 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 6 38 built build VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 6 39 clinical clinical JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 6 40 environment environment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 6 41 it -PRON- PRP cord-019027-6chba2ru 6 42 is be VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 6 43 possible possible JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 6 44 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 6 45 mitigate mitigate VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 6 46 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 6 47 rate rate NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 6 48 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 6 49 HAI HAI NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 6 50 acquisition acquisition NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 6 51 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 1 Specifically specifically RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 2 evidence evidence NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 3 demonstrating demonstrate VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 4 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 5 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 6 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 7 solid solid JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 8 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 9 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 10 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 11 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 12 ability ability NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 13 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 14 continuously continuously RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 15 limit limit VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 16 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 17 concentration concentration NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 18 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 19 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 20 found find VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 21 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 22 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 23 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 24 objects object NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 25 within within IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 26 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 27 built build VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 28 environment environment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 29 will will MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 30 be be VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 31 reviewed review VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 32 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 33 concert concert NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 34 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 35 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 36 discussion discussion NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 37 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 38 how how WRB cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 39 through through IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 40 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 41 mitigation mitigation NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 42 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 43 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 44 environmental environmental JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 45 burden burden NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 46 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 47 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 48 are be VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 49 able able JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 50 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 51 concomitantly concomitantly RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 52 reduce reduce VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 53 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 54 incidence incidence NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 55 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 56 HAI HAI NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 7 57 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 8 1 Insights insight NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 8 2 provided provide VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 8 3 by by IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 8 4 this this DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 8 5 chapter chapter NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 8 6 are be VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 8 7 intended intend VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 8 8 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 8 9 facilitate facilitate VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 8 10 an an DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 8 11 understanding understanding NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 8 12 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 8 13 importance importance NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 8 14 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 8 15 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 8 16 need need NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 8 17 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 8 18 use use VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 8 19 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 8 20 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 8 21 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 8 22 systems system NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 8 23 based base VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 8 24 approach approach NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 8 25 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 8 26 fight fight VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 8 27 healthcare healthcare NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 8 28 associated associate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 8 29 infections infection NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 8 30 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 9 1 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 9 2 microbes microbe NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 9 3 implicated implicate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 9 4 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 9 5 HAI HAI NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 9 6 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 9 7 how how WRB cord-019027-6chba2ru 9 8 through through IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 9 9 controlling control VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 9 10 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 9 11 microbial microbial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 9 12 burden burden NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 9 13 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 9 14 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 9 15 built build VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 9 16 clinical clinical JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 9 17 environment environment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 9 18 it -PRON- PRP cord-019027-6chba2ru 9 19 is be VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 9 20 possible possible JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 9 21 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 9 22 mitigate mitigate VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 9 23 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 9 24 rate rate NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 9 25 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 9 26 HAI HAI NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 9 27 acquisition acquisition NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 9 28 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 1 Specifically specifically RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 2 evidence evidence NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 3 demonstrating demonstrate VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 4 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 5 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 6 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 7 solid solid JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 8 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 9 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 10 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 11 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 12 ability ability NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 13 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 14 continuously continuously RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 15 limit limit VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 16 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 17 concentration concentration NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 18 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 19 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 20 found find VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 21 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 22 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 23 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 24 objects object NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 25 within within IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 26 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 27 built build VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 28 environment environment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 29 will will MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 30 be be VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 31 reviewed review VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 32 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 33 concert concert NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 34 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 35 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 36 discussion discussion NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 37 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 38 how how WRB cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 39 through through IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 40 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 41 mitigation mitigation NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 42 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 43 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 44 environmental environmental JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 45 burden burden NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 46 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 47 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 48 are be VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 49 able able JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 50 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 51 concomitantly concomitantly RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 52 reduce reduce VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 53 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 54 incidence incidence NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 55 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 56 HAI HAI NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 10 57 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 11 1 Insights insight NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 11 2 provided provide VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 11 3 by by IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 11 4 this this DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 11 5 chapter chapter NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 11 6 are be VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 11 7 intended intend VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 11 8 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 11 9 facilitate facilitate VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 11 10 an an DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 11 11 understanding understanding NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 11 12 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 11 13 importance importance NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 11 14 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 11 15 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 11 16 need need NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 11 17 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 11 18 use use VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 11 19 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 11 20 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 11 21 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 11 22 systems system NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 11 23 based base VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 11 24 approach approach NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 11 25 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 11 26 fight fight VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 11 27 healthcare healthcare NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 11 28 associated associate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 11 29 infections infection NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 11 30 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 11 31 _SP cord-019027-6chba2ru 12 1 Hospital hospital NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 12 2 associated associate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 12 3 infections infection NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 12 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 12 5 HAI HAI NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 12 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 12 7 continue continue VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 12 8 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 12 9 be be VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 12 10 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 12 11 common common JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 12 12 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 12 13 significant significant JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 12 14 complication complication NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 12 15 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 12 16 hospitalization hospitalization NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 12 17 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 12 18 leading lead VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 12 19 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 12 20 increased increase VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 12 21 morbidity morbidity NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 12 22 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 12 23 mortality mortality NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 12 24 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 13 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-019027-6chba2ru 13 2 was be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 13 3 estimated estimate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 13 4 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 13 5 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 13 6 2002 2002 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 13 7 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 13 8 there there EX cord-019027-6chba2ru 13 9 were be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 13 10 approximately approximately RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 13 11 1.7 1.7 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 13 12 million million CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 13 13 healthcareassociated healthcareassociate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 13 14 infections infection NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 13 15 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 13 16 which which WDT cord-019027-6chba2ru 13 17 resulted result VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 13 18 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 13 19 approximately approximately RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 13 20 99,000 99,000 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 13 21 deaths death NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 13 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 13 23 41 41 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 13 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 13 25 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 1 A a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 2 more more RBR cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 3 recent recent JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 4 meta meta JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 5 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 6 analysis analysis NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 7 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 8 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 9 costs cost NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 10 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 11 financial financial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 12 impact impact NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 13 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 14 HAI HAI NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 15 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 16 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 17 US US NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 18 healthcare healthcare NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 19 system system NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 20 reported report VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 21 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 22 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 23 total total JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 24 annual annual JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 25 costs cost NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 26 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 27 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 28 five five CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 29 major major JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 30 infections infection NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 32 central central JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 33 line line NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 34 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 35 associated associate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 36 bloodstream bloodstream NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 37 infections infection NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 39 CLABSI CLABSI NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 41 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 42 ventilator ventilator NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 43 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 44 associated associate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 45 pneumonia pneumonia NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 47 VAP VAP NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 49 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 50 surgical surgical JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 51 site site NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 52 infections infection NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 53 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 54 SSI SSI NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 55 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 56 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 57 Clostridium clostridium NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 58 difficile difficile NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 59 infection infection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 60 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 61 CDI CDI NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 62 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 63 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 64 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 65 catheter catheter NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 66 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 67 associated associate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 68 urinary urinary JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 69 tract tract NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 70 infections infection NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 71 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 72 CAUTI CAUTI NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 73 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 74 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 75 were be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 76 $ $ $ cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 77 9.8 9.8 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 78 billion billion CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 79 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 80 95 95 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 81 % % NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 82 confidence confidence NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 83 interval interval NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 84 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 85 CI CI NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 86 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 87 $ $ $ cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 88 8.3 8.3 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 89 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 90 $ $ $ cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 91 11.5 11.5 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 92 billion billion CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 93 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 94 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 95 106 106 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 96 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 14 97 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 15 1 There there EX cord-019027-6chba2ru 15 2 has have VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 15 3 been be VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 15 4 an an DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 15 5 unprecedented unprecedented JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 15 6 movement movement NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 15 7 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 15 8 healthcare healthcare NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 15 9 facilities facility NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 15 10 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 15 11 improve improve VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 15 12 patient patient JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 15 13 safety safety NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 15 14 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 15 15 certainly certainly RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 15 16 prevention prevention NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 15 17 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 15 18 HAI HAI NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 15 19 represents represent VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 15 20 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 15 21 major major JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 15 22 portion portion NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 15 23 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 15 24 that that DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 15 25 effort effort NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 15 26 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 16 1 The the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 16 2 process process NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 16 3 by by IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 16 4 which which WDT cord-019027-6chba2ru 16 5 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 16 6 patient patient NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 16 7 acquires acquire VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 16 8 an an DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 16 9 infection infection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 16 10 while while IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 16 11 hospitalized hospitalize VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 16 12 is be VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 16 13 complex complex JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 16 14 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 17 1 This this DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 17 2 has have VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 17 3 been be VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 17 4 elegantly elegantly RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 17 5 illustrated illustrate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 17 6 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 17 7 described describe VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 17 8 by by IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 17 9 Dr. Dr. NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 17 10 Weinstein Weinstein NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 17 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 17 12 Fig Fig NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 17 13 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 17 14 4.1 4.1 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 17 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 17 16 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 17 17 highlighting highlight VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 17 18 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 17 19 role role NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 17 20 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 17 21 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 17 22 patient patient NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 17 23 's 's POS cord-019027-6chba2ru 17 24 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 17 25 flora flora NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 17 26 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 17 27 exposure exposure NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 17 28 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 17 29 exogenous exogenous JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 17 30 flora flora NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 17 31 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 17 32 as as RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 17 33 well well RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 17 34 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 17 35 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 17 36 influence influence NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 17 37 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 17 38 devices device NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 17 39 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 17 40 pressure pressure NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 17 41 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 17 42 antibiotic antibiotic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 17 43 use use NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 17 44 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 17 45 101 101 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 17 46 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 17 47 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 18 1 Recent recent JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 18 2 development development NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 18 3 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 18 4 implementation implementation NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 18 5 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 18 6 strategies strategy NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 18 7 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 18 8 prevent prevent VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 18 9 HAI HAI NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 18 10 have have VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 18 11 included include VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 18 12 such such JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 18 13 efforts effort NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 18 14 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 18 15 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 18 16 stewardship stewardship NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 18 17 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 18 18 interrupting interrupt VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 18 19 transmission transmission NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 18 20 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 18 21 epidemiologically epidemiologically RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 18 22 important important JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 18 23 organisms organism NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 18 24 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 18 25 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 18 26 infection infection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 18 27 specific specific JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 18 28 prevention prevention NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 18 29 bundles bundle NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 18 30 ; ; : cord-019027-6chba2ru 18 31 however however RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 18 32 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 18 33 there there EX cord-019027-6chba2ru 18 34 is be VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 18 35 renewed renew VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 18 36 interest interest NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 18 37 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 18 38 defining define VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 18 39 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 18 40 role role NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 18 41 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 18 42 environmental environmental JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 18 43 contamination contamination NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 18 44 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 18 45 transmission transmission NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 18 46 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 18 47 nosocomial nosocomial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 18 48 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 18 49 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 18 50 development development NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 18 51 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 18 52 HAI HAI NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 18 53 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 19 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 19 2 101 101 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 19 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 19 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 19 5 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 20 1 The the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 20 2 complexity complexity NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 20 3 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 20 4 dynamic dynamic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 20 5 nature nature NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 20 6 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 20 7 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 20 8 microbial microbial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 20 9 pressure pressure NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 20 10 being be VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 20 11 introduced introduce VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 20 12 into into IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 20 13 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 20 14 built build VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 20 15 clinical clinical JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 20 16 environment environment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 20 17 is be VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 20 18 dependent dependent JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 20 19 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 20 20 stochastic stochastic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 20 21 nature nature NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 20 22 inherent inherent JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 20 23 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 20 24 healthcare healthcare NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 21 1 The the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 21 2 purpose purpose NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 21 3 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 21 4 this this DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 21 5 chapter chapter NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 21 6 is be VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 21 7 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 21 8 review review VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 21 9 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 21 10 role role NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 21 11 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 21 12 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 21 13 environment environment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 21 14 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 21 15 care care NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 21 16 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 21 17 it -PRON- PRP cord-019027-6chba2ru 21 18 pertains pertain VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 21 19 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 21 20 microbial microbial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 21 21 contamination contamination NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 21 22 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 21 23 risk risk NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 21 24 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 21 25 HAI HAI NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 21 26 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 21 27 patients patient NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 21 28 as as RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 21 29 well well RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 21 30 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 21 31 describe describe VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 21 32 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 21 33 novel novel JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 21 34 use use NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 21 35 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 21 36 efficacy efficacy NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 21 37 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 21 38 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 21 39 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 21 40 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 21 41 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 21 42 mitigating mitigate VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 21 43 this this DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 21 44 risk risk NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 21 45 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 22 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-019027-6chba2ru 22 2 will will MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 22 3 discuss discuss VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 22 4 problematic problematic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 22 5 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 22 6 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 22 7 healthcare healthcare NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 22 8 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 22 9 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-019027-6chba2ru 22 10 ability ability NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 22 11 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 22 12 contaminate contaminate VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 22 13 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 22 14 persist persist VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 22 15 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 22 16 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 22 17 environment environment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 22 18 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 22 19 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-019027-6chba2ru 22 20 ability ability NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 22 21 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 22 22 contaminate contaminate VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 22 23 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 22 24 healthcare healthcare NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 22 25 provider provider NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 22 26 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 22 27 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 22 28 ultimately ultimately RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 22 29 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-019027-6chba2ru 22 30 ability ability NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 22 31 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 22 32 directly directly RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 22 33 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 22 34 indirectly indirectly RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 22 35 result result VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 22 36 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 22 37 colonization colonization NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 22 38 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 22 39 infection infection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 22 40 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 22 41 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 22 42 patient patient NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 22 43 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 23 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-019027-6chba2ru 23 2 will will MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 23 3 briefly briefly RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 23 4 review review VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 23 5 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 23 6 traditional traditional JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 23 7 measures measure NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 23 8 utilized utilize VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 23 9 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 23 10 reduce reduce VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 23 11 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 23 12 microbial microbial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 23 13 burden burden NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 23 14 associated associate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 23 15 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 23 16 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 23 17 healthcare healthcare NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 23 18 environment environment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 23 19 but but CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 23 20 focus focus VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 23 21 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-019027-6chba2ru 23 22 discussion discussion NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 23 23 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 23 24 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 23 25 use use NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 23 26 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 23 27 continuously continuously RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 23 28 active active JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 23 29 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 23 30 solid solid JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 23 31 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 23 32 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 23 33 this this DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 23 34 purpose purpose NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 23 35 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 24 1 Given give VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 24 2 that that DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 24 3 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 24 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-019027-6chba2ru 24 5 describe describe VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 24 6 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 24 7 proposed propose VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 24 8 mechanism mechanism NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 24 9 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 24 10 action action NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 24 11 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 24 12 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 24 13 's 's POS cord-019027-6chba2ru 24 14 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 24 15 property property NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 24 16 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 24 17 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-019027-6chba2ru 24 18 activity activity NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 24 19 against against IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 24 20 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 24 21 commonly commonly RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 24 22 found find VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 24 23 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 24 24 healthcare healthcare NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 24 25 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 24 26 as as RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 24 27 well well RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 24 28 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 24 29 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 24 30 clinical clinical JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 24 31 efficacy efficacy NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 24 32 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 24 33 placing place VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 24 34 solid solid JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 24 35 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 24 36 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 24 37 into into IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 24 38 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 24 39 patient patient NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 24 40 care care NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 24 41 environment environment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 24 42 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 25 1 The the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 25 2 majority majority NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 25 3 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 25 4 healthcare healthcare NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 25 5 associated associate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 25 6 infections infection NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 25 7 are be VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 25 8 thought think VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 25 9 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 25 10 occur occur VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 25 11 via via IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 25 12 transmission transmission NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 25 13 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 25 14 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 25 15 patient patient NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 25 16 's 's POS cord-019027-6chba2ru 25 17 own own JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 25 18 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 25 19 flora flora NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 25 20 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 26 1 However however RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 26 2 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 26 3 there there EX cord-019027-6chba2ru 26 4 is be VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 26 5 increasing increase VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 26 6 evidence evidence NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 26 7 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 26 8 there there EX cord-019027-6chba2ru 26 9 exists exist VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 26 10 significant significant JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 26 11 transmission transmission NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 26 12 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 26 13 microbes microbe NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 26 14 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 26 15 healthcare healthcare NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 26 16 personnel personnel NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 26 17 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 26 18 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 26 19 hospital hospital NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 26 20 environment environment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 26 21 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 26 22 vulnerable vulnerable JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 26 23 patients patient NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 26 24 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 27 1 A a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 27 2 study study NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 27 3 published publish VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 27 4 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 27 5 1991 1991 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 27 6 estimated estimate VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 27 7 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 27 8 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 27 9 causative causative JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 27 10 source source NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 27 11 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 27 12 an an DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 27 13 HAI HAI NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 27 14 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 27 15 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 27 16 Intensive Intensive NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 27 17 Care Care NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 27 18 Unit Unit NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 27 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 27 20 ICU ICU NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 27 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 27 22 was be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 27 23 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 27 24 patients patient NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 27 25 ' ' POS cord-019027-6chba2ru 27 26 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 27 27 flora flora NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 27 28 40 40 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 27 29 - - SYM cord-019027-6chba2ru 27 30 60 60 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 27 31 % % NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 27 32 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 27 33 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 27 34 time time NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 27 35 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 27 36 antibiotic antibiotic NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 27 37 driven drive VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 27 38 changes change NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 27 39 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 27 40 flora flora NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 27 41 20 20 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 27 42 - - SYM cord-019027-6chba2ru 27 43 25 25 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 27 44 % % NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 27 45 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 27 46 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 27 47 time time NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 27 48 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 28 1 Cross cross NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 28 2 - - NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 28 3 infection infection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 28 4 via via IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 28 5 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 28 6 hands hand NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 28 7 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 28 8 personnel personnel NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 28 9 accounted account VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 28 10 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 28 11 20 20 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 28 12 - - SYM cord-019027-6chba2ru 28 13 40 40 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 28 14 % % NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 28 15 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 28 16 cases case NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 28 17 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 28 18 other other JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 28 19 sources source NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 28 20 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 28 21 including include VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 28 22 contamination contamination NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 28 23 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 28 24 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 28 25 environment environment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 28 26 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 28 27 accounted account VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 28 28 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 28 29 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 28 30 remaining remain VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 28 31 20 20 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 28 32 % % NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 28 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 28 34 101 101 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 28 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 28 36 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 29 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-019027-6chba2ru 29 2 has have VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 29 3 been be VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 29 4 established establish VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 29 5 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 29 6 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 29 7 inanimate inanimate JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 29 8 hospital hospital NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 29 9 environment environment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 29 10 can can MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 29 11 become become VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 29 12 contaminated contaminate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 29 13 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 29 14 nosocomial nosocomial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 29 15 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 29 16 after after IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 29 17 exposure exposure NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 29 18 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 29 19 colonized colonize VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 29 20 patients patient NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 29 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 29 22 36 36 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 29 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 29 24 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 30 1 This this DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 30 2 environment environment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 30 3 includes include VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 30 4 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 30 5 within within IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 30 6 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 30 7 hospital hospital NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 30 8 room room NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 30 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 30 10 bedrails bedrail NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 30 11 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 30 12 bedside bedside NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 30 13 tables table NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 30 14 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 30 15 etc etc FW cord-019027-6chba2ru 30 16 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 30 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 31 1 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 31 2 medical medical JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 31 3 equipment equipment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 31 4 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 32 1 A a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 32 2 review review NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 32 3 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 32 4 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 32 5 available available JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 32 6 literature literature NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 32 7 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 32 8 2002 2002 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 32 9 concluded conclude VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 32 10 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 32 11 personal personal JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 32 12 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 32 13 environmental environmental JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 32 14 hygiene hygiene NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 32 15 reduced reduce VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 32 16 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 32 17 spread spread NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 32 18 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 32 19 infections infection NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 32 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 32 21 1 1 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 32 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 32 23 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 33 1 More More JJR cord-019027-6chba2ru 33 2 recent recent JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 33 3 literature literature NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 33 4 has have VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 33 5 provided provide VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 33 6 additional additional JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 33 7 evidence evidence NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 33 8 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 33 9 contaminated contaminate VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 33 10 hospital hospital NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 33 11 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 33 12 are be VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 33 13 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 33 14 source source NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 33 15 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 33 16 transmission transmission NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 33 17 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 33 18 nosocomial nosocomial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 33 19 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 33 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 33 21 57 57 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 33 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 33 23 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 34 1 Otter Otter NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 34 2 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 34 3 colleagues colleague NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 34 4 delineated delineate VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 34 5 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 34 6 continuous continuous JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 34 7 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 34 8 omni omni JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 34 9 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 34 10 directional directional JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 34 11 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 34 12 complex complex JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 34 13 nature nature NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 34 14 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 34 15 how how WRB cord-019027-6chba2ru 34 16 microbes microbe NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 34 17 can can MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 34 18 easily easily RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 34 19 move move VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 34 20 between between IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 34 21 infected infected JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 34 22 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 34 23 colonized colonize VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 34 24 patients patient NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 34 25 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 34 26 healthcare healthcare NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 34 27 workers worker NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 34 28 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 34 29 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 34 30 objects object NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 34 31 resident resident NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 34 32 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 34 33 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 34 34 built build VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 34 35 environment environment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 34 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 34 37 Chap Chap NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 34 38 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 35 1 3 3 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 35 2 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 35 3 ref ref VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 35 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 35 5 57 57 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 35 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 35 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 36 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 36 2 Fig Fig NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 36 3 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 36 4 4.2 4.2 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 36 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 36 6 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 37 1 Microbes microbe NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 37 2 have have VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 37 3 an an DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 37 4 innate innate JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 37 5 ability ability NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 37 6 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 37 7 contaminate contaminate VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 37 8 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 37 9 potentially potentially RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 37 10 establish establish VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 37 11 residence residence NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 37 12 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 37 13 any any DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 37 14 surface surface NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 37 15 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 38 1 Surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 38 2 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 38 3 frequent frequent JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 38 4 hand hand NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 38 5 contact contact NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 38 6 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 38 7 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 38 8 close close JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 38 9 proximity proximity NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 38 10 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 38 11 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 38 12 patient patient NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 38 13 are be VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 38 14 often often RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 38 15 colonized colonize VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 38 16 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 38 17 nosocomial nosocomial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 38 18 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 38 19 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 38 20 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 38 21 most most JJS cord-019027-6chba2ru 38 22 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 38 23 these these DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 38 24 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 38 25 can can MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 38 26 remain remain VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 38 27 viable viable JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 38 28 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 38 29 these these DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 38 30 inanimate inanimate JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 38 31 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 38 32 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 38 33 weeks week NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 38 34 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 38 35 months month NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 38 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 38 37 Chap Chap NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 38 38 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 39 1 2 2 LS cord-019027-6chba2ru 39 2 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 39 3 ref ref NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 39 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 39 5 42 42 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 39 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 39 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 39 8 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 40 1 Further further RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 40 2 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 40 3 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 40 4 distribution distribution NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 40 5 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 40 6 dispersal dispersal NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 40 7 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 40 8 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 40 9 microbes microbe NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 40 10 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 40 11 healthcare healthcare NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 40 12 workers worker NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 40 13 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 40 14 visitors visitor NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 40 15 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 40 16 patients patient NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 40 17 can can MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 40 18 contribute contribute VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 40 19 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 40 20 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 40 21 resident resident JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 40 22 microbial microbial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 40 23 flora flora NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 40 24 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 40 25 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 40 26 built build VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 40 27 environment environment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 40 28 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 41 1 Humans human NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 41 2 shed shed VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 41 3 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 41 4 minimum minimum NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 41 5 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 41 6 ten ten CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 41 7 million million CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 41 8 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 41 9 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-019027-6chba2ru 41 10 100 100 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 41 11 million million CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 41 12 skin skin NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 41 13 cells cell NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 41 14 per per IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 41 15 day day NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 41 16 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 42 1 Routine routine JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 42 2 activities activity NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 42 3 such such JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 42 4 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 42 5 walking walk VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 42 6 can can MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 42 7 result result VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 42 8 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 42 9 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 42 10 loss loss NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 42 11 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 42 12 approximately approximately RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 42 13 10 10 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 42 14 4 4 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 42 15 skin skin NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 42 16 particles particle NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 42 17 per per IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 42 18 minute minute NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 42 19 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 42 20 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 42 21 complete complete JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 42 22 layer layer NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 42 23 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 42 24 skin skin NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 42 25 cells cell NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 42 26 being be VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 42 27 lost lose VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 42 28 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 42 29 replaced replace VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 42 30 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 42 31 healthy healthy JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 42 32 individuals individual NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 42 33 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 42 34 average average JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 42 35 approximately approximately RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 42 36 every every DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 42 37 4 4 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 42 38 days day NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 42 39 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 42 40 51 51 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 42 41 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 42 42 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 43 1 The the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 43 2 displaced displace VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 43 3 skin skin NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 43 4 cells cell NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 43 5 are be VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 43 6 covered cover VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 43 7 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 43 8 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 43 9 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 43 10 flora flora NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 43 11 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 43 12 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 43 13 individual individual NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 43 14 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 44 1 Not not RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 44 2 all all DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 44 3 individuals individual NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 44 4 shed shed VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 44 5 skin skin NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 44 6 equally equally RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 44 7 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 45 1 In in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 45 2 one one CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 45 3 study study NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 45 4 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 45 5 microbial microbial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 45 6 dispersal dispersal NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 45 7 by by IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 45 8 skin skin NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 45 9 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 45 10 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 45 11 hospital hospital NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 45 12 ward ward NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 45 13 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 45 14 Noble Noble NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 45 15 defined define VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 45 16 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 45 17 ' ' `` cord-019027-6chba2ru 45 18 Staph Staph NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 45 19 aureus aureus NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 45 20 disperser disperser NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 45 21 ' ' '' cord-019027-6chba2ru 45 22 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 45 23 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 45 24 patient patient NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 45 25 who who WP cord-019027-6chba2ru 45 26 contributed contribute VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 45 27 greater great JJR cord-019027-6chba2ru 45 28 than than IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 45 29 six six CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 45 30 S. S. NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 45 31 aureus aureus NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 45 32 per per IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 45 33 cubic cubic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 45 34 meter meter NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 45 35 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 45 36 air air NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 45 37 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 45 38 52 52 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 45 39 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 45 40 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 46 1 Given give VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 46 2 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 46 3 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 46 4 mean mean JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 46 5 concentration concentration NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 46 6 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 46 7 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 46 8 within within IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 46 9 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 46 10 ward ward NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 46 11 was be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 46 12 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 46 13 equivalent equivalent NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 46 14 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 46 15 800 800 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 46 16 viable viable JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 46 17 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 46 18 per per IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 46 19 cubic cubic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 46 20 meter meter NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 46 21 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 46 22 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 46 23 concentration concentration NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 46 24 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 46 25 S. S. NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 46 26 aureus aureus NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 46 27 observed observe VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 46 28 was be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 46 29 thought think VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 46 30 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 46 31 represent represent VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 46 32 1 1 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 46 33 % % NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 46 34 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 46 35 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 46 36 total total JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 46 37 flora flora NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 46 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 46 39 52 52 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 46 40 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 46 41 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 47 1 Over over IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 47 2 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 47 3 years year NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 47 4 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 47 5 number number NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 47 6 has have VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 47 7 been be VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 47 8 revised revise VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 47 9 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 47 10 suggest suggest VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 47 11 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 47 12 an an DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 47 13 individual individual NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 47 14 is be VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 47 15 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 47 16 ' ' `` cord-019027-6chba2ru 47 17 Staph Staph NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 47 18 aureus aureus NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 47 19 disperser disperser NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 47 20 ' ' '' cord-019027-6chba2ru 47 21 when when WRB cord-019027-6chba2ru 47 22 they -PRON- PRP cord-019027-6chba2ru 47 23 are be VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 47 24 able able JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 47 25 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 47 26 disseminate disseminate VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 47 27 more more JJR cord-019027-6chba2ru 47 28 than than IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 47 29 four four CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 47 30 viable viable JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 47 31 particles particle NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 47 32 per per IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 47 33 microbe microbe NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 47 34 per per IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 47 35 cubic cubic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 47 36 meter meter NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 47 37 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 47 38 air air NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 47 39 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 47 40 9 9 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 47 41 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 47 42 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 48 1 Causality causality NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 48 2 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 48 3 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 48 4 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 48 5 linkage linkage NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 48 6 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 48 7 an an DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 48 8 environmental environmental JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 48 9 isolate isolate NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 48 10 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 48 11 that that DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 48 12 organism organism NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 48 13 responsible responsible JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 48 14 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 48 15 disease disease NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 48 16 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 48 17 individuals individual NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 48 18 has have VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 48 19 been be VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 48 20 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 48 21 as as RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 48 22 early early RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 48 23 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 48 24 1945 1945 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 48 25 when when WRB cord-019027-6chba2ru 48 26 deForest deForest NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 48 27 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 48 28 Kerr Kerr NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 48 29 reported report VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 48 30 cases case NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 48 31 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 48 32 eczema eczema NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 48 33 which which WDT cord-019027-6chba2ru 48 34 occurred occur VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 48 35 amongst amongst IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 48 36 nurses nurse NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 48 37 that that WDT cord-019027-6chba2ru 48 38 were be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 48 39 caused cause VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 48 40 by by IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 48 41 streptococci streptococcus NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 48 42 that that WDT cord-019027-6chba2ru 48 43 were be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 48 44 shed shed VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 48 45 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 48 46 26 26 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 48 47 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 48 48 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 49 1 With with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 49 2 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 49 3 advent advent NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 49 4 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 49 5 molecular molecular JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 49 6 techniques technique NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 49 7 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 49 8 such such JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 49 9 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 49 10 Pulsed Pulsed NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 49 11 Field Field NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 49 12 Gel Gel NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 49 13 Electrophoresis Electrophoresis NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 49 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 49 15 PFGE PFGE NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 49 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 49 17 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 49 18 whole whole JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 49 19 genome genome NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 49 20 sequencing sequencing NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 49 21 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 49 22 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 49 23 ability ability NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 49 24 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 49 25 demonstrate demonstrate VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 49 26 casualty casualty NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 49 27 has have VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 49 28 now now RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 49 29 become become VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 49 30 much much RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 49 31 more more RBR cord-019027-6chba2ru 49 32 straightforward straightforward JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 49 33 but but CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 49 34 is be VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 49 35 still still RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 49 36 nevertheless nevertheless RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 49 37 time time NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 49 38 intensive intensive JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 49 39 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 49 40 cost cost VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 49 41 prohibitive prohibitive JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 49 42 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 50 1 Once once RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 50 2 established establish VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 50 3 within within IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 50 4 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 50 5 built build VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 50 6 environment environment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 50 7 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 50 8 microbe microbe NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 50 9 must must MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 50 10 then then RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 50 11 be be VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 50 12 able able JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 50 13 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 50 14 resist resist VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 50 15 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 50 16 perturbations perturbation NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 50 17 introduced introduce VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 50 18 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 50 19 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 50 20 consequence consequence NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 50 21 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 50 22 cleaning cleaning NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 50 23 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 50 24 other other JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 50 25 infection infection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 50 26 control control NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 50 27 measures measure NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 50 28 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 51 1 To to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 51 2 that that DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 51 3 end end NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 51 4 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 51 5 some some DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 51 6 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 51 7 have have VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 51 8 become become VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 51 9 resistant resistant JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 51 10 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 51 11 _SP cord-019027-6chba2ru 52 1 Certain certain JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 52 2 factors factor NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 52 3 must must MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 52 4 be be VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 52 5 met meet VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 52 6 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 52 7 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 52 8 microbe microbe NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 52 9 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 52 10 transition transition VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 52 11 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 52 12 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-019027-6chba2ru 52 13 role role NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 52 14 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 52 15 an an DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 52 16 inhabitant inhabitant NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 52 17 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 52 18 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 52 19 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 52 20 associated associate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 52 21 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 52 22 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 52 23 built build VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 52 24 clinical clinical JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 52 25 environment environment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 52 26 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 52 27 pathogen pathogen NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 52 28 that that WDT cord-019027-6chba2ru 52 29 can can MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 52 30 be be VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 52 31 transmitted transmit VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 52 32 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 52 33 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 52 34 patient patient JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 52 35 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 52 36 healthcare healthcare NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 52 37 worker worker NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 52 38 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 53 1 First first RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 53 2 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 53 3 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 53 4 pathogen pathogen NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 53 5 must must MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 53 6 be be VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 53 7 able able JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 53 8 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 53 9 survive survive VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 53 10 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 53 11 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 53 12 objects object NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 53 13 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 53 14 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 53 15 within within IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 53 16 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 53 17 environment environment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 53 18 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 53 19 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 53 20 sufficiently sufficiently RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 53 21 long long JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 53 22 period period NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 53 23 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 53 24 time time NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 53 25 while while IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 53 26 retaining retain VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 53 27 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-019027-6chba2ru 53 28 ability ability NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 53 29 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 53 30 be be VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 53 31 virulent virulent JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 53 32 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 53 33 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-019027-6chba2ru 53 34 ability ability NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 53 35 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 53 36 colonize colonize VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 53 37 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 53 38 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 53 39 host host NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 53 40 after after IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 53 41 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-019027-6chba2ru 53 42 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 53 43 liberation liberation NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 53 44 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 53 45 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 53 46 surface surface NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 53 47 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 53 48 resulting result VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 53 49 transmission transmission NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 53 50 / / SYM cord-019027-6chba2ru 53 51 establishment establishment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 53 52 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 54 1 Second second JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 54 2 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 54 3 contamination contamination NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 54 4 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 54 5 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 54 6 environment environment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 54 7 by by IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 54 8 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 54 9 particular particular JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 54 10 pathogen pathogen NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 54 11 must must MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 54 12 be be VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 54 13 sufficiently sufficiently RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 54 14 frequent frequent JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 54 15 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 54 16 account account VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 54 17 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 54 18 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-019027-6chba2ru 54 19 loss loss NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 54 20 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 54 21 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 54 22 object object NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 54 23 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 54 24 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 54 25 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 54 26 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 54 27 consequence consequence NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 54 28 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 54 29 routine routine JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 54 30 cleaning cleaning NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 54 31 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 54 32 desiccation desiccation NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 54 33 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 54 34 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 54 35 starvation starvation NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 54 36 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 55 1 Third third RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 55 2 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 55 3 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 55 4 agent agent NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 55 5 must must MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 55 6 be be VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 55 7 present present JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 55 8 at at IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 55 9 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 55 10 concentration concentration NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 55 11 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 55 12 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 55 13 establish establish VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 55 14 itself -PRON- PRP cord-019027-6chba2ru 55 15 upon upon IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 55 16 encountering encounter VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 55 17 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 55 18 new new JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 55 19 host host NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 55 20 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 55 21 location location NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 55 22 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 56 1 Certain certain JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 56 2 nosocomial nosocomial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 56 3 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 56 4 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 56 5 such such JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 56 6 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 56 7 Norovirus Norovirus NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 56 8 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 56 9 have have VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 56 10 incredibly incredibly RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 56 11 small small JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 56 12 infectious infectious JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 56 13 doses dose NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 56 14 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 56 15 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 56 16 median median JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 56 17 dose dose NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 56 18 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 56 19 18 18 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 56 20 viruses virus NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 56 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 56 22 86 86 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 56 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 56 24 while while IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 56 25 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 56 26 environmental environmental JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 56 27 dose dose NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 56 28 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 56 29 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 56 30 causative causative JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 56 31 agent agent NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 56 32 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 56 33 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 56 34 majority majority NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 56 35 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 56 36 CAUTI CAUTI NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 56 37 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 56 38 Escherichia Escherichia NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 56 39 coli coli NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 56 40 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 56 41 is be VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 56 42 not not RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 56 43 as as RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 56 44 evident evident JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 56 45 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 1 The the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 2 Infectious Infectious NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 3 Disease Disease NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 4 Society Society NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 5 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 6 America America NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 8 IDSA IDSA NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 10 has have VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 11 classified classify VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 12 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 13 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 14 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 15 absence absence NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 16 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 17 symptoms symptom NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 18 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 19 concentration concentration NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 20 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 21 10 10 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 22 5 5 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 23 colony colony NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 24 forming form VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 25 units unit NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 27 CFU CFU NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 29 per per IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 30 ml ml NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 31 coupled couple VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 32 where where WRB cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 33 1 1 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 34 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 35 species specie NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 36 is be VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 37 present present JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 38 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 39 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 40 urine urine NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 41 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 42 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 43 catheterized catheterize VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 44 patient patient NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 45 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 46 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 47 individual individual NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 48 has have VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 49 an an DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 50 asymptomatic asymptomatic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 51 catheter catheter NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 52 associated associate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 53 bacteriuria bacteriuria NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 54 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 55 CA CA NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 56 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 57 ASB ASB NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 57 58 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 58 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 58 2 35 35 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 58 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 58 4 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 59 1 A a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 59 2 CAUTI CAUTI NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 59 3 is be VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 59 4 defined define VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 59 5 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 59 6 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 59 7 " " `` cord-019027-6chba2ru 59 8 presence presence NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 59 9 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 59 10 symptoms symptom NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 59 11 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 59 12 signs sign NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 59 13 compatible compatible JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 59 14 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 59 15 urinary urinary JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 59 16 tract tract NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 59 17 infections infection NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 59 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 59 19 UTI UTI NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 59 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 59 21 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 59 22 no no DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 59 23 other other JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 59 24 identified identify VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 59 25 source source NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 59 26 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 59 27 infection infection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 59 28 along along IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 59 29 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 59 30 10 10 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 59 31 3 3 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 60 1 CFU CFU NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 60 2 / / SYM cord-019027-6chba2ru 60 3 mL ml NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 60 4 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 60 5 1 1 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 60 6 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 60 7 species specie NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 60 8 " " '' cord-019027-6chba2ru 60 9 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 61 1 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 61 2 catheterized catheterize VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 61 3 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 61 4 previously previously RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 61 5 catheterized catheterize VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 61 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 61 7 48 48 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 61 8 h h NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 61 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 61 10 urine urine NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 61 11 sample sample NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 61 12 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 61 13 35 35 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 61 14 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 61 15 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 62 1 However however RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 62 2 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 62 3 guidelines guideline NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 62 4 are be VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 62 5 silent silent JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 62 6 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 62 7 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 62 8 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 62 9 origin origin NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 62 10 and/or and/or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 62 11 concentration concentration NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 62 12 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 62 13 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 62 14 microbe(s microbe(s NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 62 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 62 16 required require VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 62 17 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 62 18 establish establish VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 62 19 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 62 20 CA CA NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 62 21 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 62 22 ASB ASB NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 62 23 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 62 24 CAUTI CAUTI NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 62 25 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 63 1 The the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 63 2 concept concept NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 63 3 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 63 4 infectious infectious JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 63 5 dose dose NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 63 6 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 63 7 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 63 8 environment environment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 63 9 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 63 10 it -PRON- PRP cord-019027-6chba2ru 63 11 pertains pertain VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 63 12 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 63 13 nosocomial nosocomial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 63 14 infection infection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 63 15 has have VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 63 16 not not RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 63 17 been be VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 63 18 rigorously rigorously RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 63 19 studied study VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 63 20 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 63 21 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 63 22 majority majority NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 63 23 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 63 24 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 63 25 HAI HAI NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 63 26 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 64 1 Further further JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 64 2 study study NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 64 3 is be VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 64 4 warranted warrant VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 64 5 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 65 1 Hospitals hospital NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 65 2 have have VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 65 3 put put VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 65 4 into into IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 65 5 place place NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 65 6 measures measure NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 65 7 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 65 8 an an DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 65 9 attempt attempt NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 65 10 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 65 11 decrease decrease VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 65 12 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 65 13 contamination contamination NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 65 14 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 65 15 likelihood likelihood NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 65 16 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 65 17 colonization colonization NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 65 18 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 65 19 healthcare healthcare NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 65 20 workers worker NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 65 21 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 65 22 infectious infectious JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 65 23 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 65 24 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 66 1 Focus Focus NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 66 2 has have VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 66 3 been be VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 66 4 placed place VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 66 5 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 66 6 increased increase VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 66 7 hand hand NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 66 8 hygiene hygiene NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 66 9 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 66 10 contact contact NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 66 11 precautions precaution NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 66 12 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 66 13 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 66 14 enhanced enhance VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 66 15 environmental environmental JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 66 16 cleaning cleaning NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 66 17 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 67 1 In in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 67 2 2006 2006 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 67 3 Pittet Pittet NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 67 4 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 67 5 colleagues colleague NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 67 6 presented present VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 67 7 an an DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 67 8 evidence evidence NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 67 9 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 67 10 based base VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 67 11 model model NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 67 12 arguing argue VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 67 13 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 67 14 improved improved JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 67 15 hand hand NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 67 16 hygiene hygiene NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 67 17 practices practice NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 67 18 during during IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 67 19 patient patient JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 67 20 care care NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 67 21 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 67 22 being be VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 67 23 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 67 24 most most RBS cord-019027-6chba2ru 67 25 important important JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 67 26 method method NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 67 27 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 67 28 preventing prevent VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 67 29 HAI HAI NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 67 30 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 67 31 spread spread NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 67 32 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 67 33 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 67 34 resistant resistant JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 67 35 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 67 36 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 67 37 61 61 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 67 38 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 67 39 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 68 1 In in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 68 2 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-019027-6chba2ru 68 3 model model NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 68 4 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 68 5 five five CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 68 6 steps step NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 68 7 are be VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 68 8 required require VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 68 9 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 68 10 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 68 11 transmission transmission NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 68 12 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 68 13 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 68 14 within within IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 68 15 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 68 16 clinical clinical JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 68 17 care care NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 68 18 setting setting NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 68 19 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 69 1 Collectively collectively RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 69 2 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 69 3 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 69 4 model model NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 69 5 considers consider VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 69 6 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 69 7 microbes microbe NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 69 8 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 69 9 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-019027-6chba2ru 69 10 transmission transmission NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 69 11 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 69 12 objects object NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 69 13 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 69 14 healthcare healthcare NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 69 15 workers worker NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 69 16 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 69 17 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 69 18 patients patient NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 69 19 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 69 20 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 69 21 next next JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 69 22 individual individual NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 69 23 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 69 24 object object NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 69 25 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 70 1 The the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 70 2 first first JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 70 3 step step NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 70 4 requires require VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 70 5 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 70 6 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 70 7 microbe microbe NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 70 8 be be VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 70 9 present present JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 70 10 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 70 11 resident resident JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 70 12 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 70 13 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 70 14 patients'/healthcare patients'/healthcare JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 70 15 workers worker NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 70 16 ' ' POS cord-019027-6chba2ru 70 17 skin skin NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 70 18 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 70 19 immediate immediate JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 70 20 environment environment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 70 21 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 71 1 The the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 71 2 concentration concentration NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 71 3 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 71 4 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 71 5 nosocomial nosocomial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 71 6 pathogen pathogen NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 71 7 can can MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 71 8 vary vary VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 71 9 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 71 10 as as RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 71 11 few few JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 71 12 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 71 13 1 1 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 71 14 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 71 15 over over IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 71 16 10 10 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 71 17 6 6 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 71 18 CFU cfu NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 71 19 per per IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 71 20 cm cm NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 71 21 2 2 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 71 22 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 72 1 Subsequently subsequently RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 72 2 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 72 3 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 72 4 microbe microbe NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 72 5 must must MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 72 6 be be VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 72 7 transferred transfer VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 72 8 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 72 9 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 72 10 healthcare healthcare NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 72 11 worker worker NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 72 12 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 73 1 Simple simple JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 73 2 acts act VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 73 3 such such JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 73 4 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 73 5 lifting lift VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 73 6 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 73 7 patient patient NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 73 8 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 73 9 obtaining obtain VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 73 10 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 73 11 blood blood NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 73 12 pressure pressure NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 73 13 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 73 14 pulse pulse NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 73 15 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 73 16 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 73 17 assessing assess VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 73 18 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 73 19 temperature temperature NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 73 20 can can MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 73 21 easily easily RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 73 22 result result VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 73 23 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 73 24 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 73 25 transfer transfer NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 73 26 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 73 27 between between IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 73 28 100 100 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 73 29 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 73 30 1,000 1,000 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 73 31 CFU CFU NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 73 32 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 73 33 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 73 34 common common JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 73 35 Gramnegative Gramnegative NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 73 36 pathogen pathogen NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 73 37 Klebsiella Klebsiella NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 73 38 spp spp NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 73 39 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 74 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 74 2 19 19 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 74 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 74 4 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 75 1 In in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 75 2 fact fact NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 75 3 these these DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 75 4 authors author NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 75 5 learned learn VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 75 6 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 75 7 17 17 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 75 8 % % NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 75 9 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 75 10 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 75 11 staff staff NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 75 12 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 75 13 an an DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 75 14 intensive intensive JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 75 15 care care NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 75 16 unit unit NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 75 17 were be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 75 18 found find VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 75 19 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 75 20 have have VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 75 21 Klebsiella Klebsiella NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 75 22 contaminating contaminate VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 75 23 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-019027-6chba2ru 75 24 hands hand NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 75 25 when when WRB cord-019027-6chba2ru 75 26 screened screen VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 75 27 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 75 28 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 75 29 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 75 30 serotypes serotype NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 75 31 were be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 75 32 related relate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 75 33 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 75 34 those those DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 75 35 isolated isolate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 75 36 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 75 37 infected infected JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 75 38 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 75 39 colonized colonize VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 75 40 patients patient NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 75 41 within within IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 75 42 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 75 43 ICU ICU NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 75 44 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 75 45 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 75 46 same same JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 75 47 day day NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 75 48 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 75 49 19 19 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 75 50 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 75 51 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 76 1 Further further RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 76 2 advancing advance VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 76 3 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 76 4 importance importance NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 76 5 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 76 6 hand hand NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 76 7 hygiene hygiene NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 76 8 was be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 76 9 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 76 10 study study NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 76 11 that that WDT cord-019027-6chba2ru 76 12 found find VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 76 13 healthcare healthcare NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 76 14 workers worker NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 76 15 were be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 76 16 as as RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 76 17 likely likely JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 76 18 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 76 19 contaminate contaminate VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 76 20 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-019027-6chba2ru 76 21 hands hand NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 76 22 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 76 23 gloves glove NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 76 24 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 76 25 commonly commonly RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 76 26 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 76 27 touched touch VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 76 28 environmental environmental JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 76 29 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 76 30 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 76 31 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 76 32 direct direct JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 76 33 contact contact NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 76 34 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 76 35 colonized colonize VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 76 36 patients patient NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 76 37 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 76 38 85 85 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 76 39 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 76 40 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 77 1 The the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 77 2 third third JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 77 3 aspect aspect NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 77 4 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 77 5 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 77 6 model model NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 77 7 is be VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 77 8 dependent dependent JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 77 9 upon upon IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 77 10 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 77 11 biology biology NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 77 12 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 77 13 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 77 14 microbe microbe NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 77 15 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 78 1 Some some DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 78 2 microbes microbe NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 78 3 can can MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 78 4 survive survive VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 78 5 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 78 6 longer long JJR cord-019027-6chba2ru 78 7 periods period NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 78 8 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 78 9 time time NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 78 10 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 78 11 hands hand NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 78 12 than than IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 78 13 others other NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 78 14 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 79 1 Epidemic epidemic NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 79 2 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 79 3 non non JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 79 4 - - JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 79 5 epidemic epidemic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 79 6 strains strain NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 79 7 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 79 8 E. E. NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 79 9 coli coli NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 79 10 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 79 11 Klebsiella Klebsiella NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 79 12 spp spp NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 79 13 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 80 1 were be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 80 2 found find VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 80 3 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 80 4 have have VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 80 5 significantly significantly RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 80 6 different different JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 80 7 survival survival NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 80 8 times time NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 80 9 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 80 10 30 30 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 80 11 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 80 12 supporting support VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 80 13 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 80 14 argument argument NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 80 15 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 80 16 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 80 17 properties property NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 80 18 other other JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 80 19 than than IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 80 20 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 80 21 survival survival NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 80 22 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 80 23 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 80 24 typed type VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 80 25 strain strain NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 80 26 under under IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 80 27 defined define VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 80 28 conditions condition NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 80 29 may may MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 80 30 contribute contribute VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 80 31 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 80 32 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 80 33 ability ability NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 80 34 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 80 35 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 80 36 microbe microbe NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 80 37 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 80 38 be be VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 80 39 easily easily RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 80 40 transmitted transmit VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 80 41 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 80 42 retained retain VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 80 43 within within IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 80 44 healthcare healthcare NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 80 45 setting setting NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 80 46 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 81 1 In in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 81 2 other other JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 81 3 studies study NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 81 4 workers worker NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 81 5 found find VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 81 6 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 81 7 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 81 8 colonization colonization NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 81 9 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 81 10 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 81 11 hands hand NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 81 12 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 81 13 healthcare healthcare NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 81 14 workers worker NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 81 15 progressively progressively RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 81 16 increased increase VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 81 17 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 81 18 time time NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 81 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 81 20 60 60 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 81 21 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 81 22 62 62 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 81 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 81 24 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 82 1 In in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 82 2 these these DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 82 3 two two CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 82 4 studies study NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 82 5 they -PRON- PRP cord-019027-6chba2ru 82 6 found find VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 82 7 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 82 8 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 82 9 concentration concentration NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 82 10 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 82 11 commensal commensal JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 82 12 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 82 13 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 82 14 flora flora NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 82 15 increased increase VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 82 16 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 82 17 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 82 18 consequence consequence NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 82 19 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 82 20 patient patient JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 82 21 care care NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 82 22 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 83 1 Additionally additionally RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 83 2 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 83 3 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 83 4 authors author NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 83 5 reported report VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 83 6 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 83 7 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 83 8 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 83 9 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 83 10 hand hand NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 83 11 contamination contamination NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 83 12 were be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 83 13 independent independent JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 83 14 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 83 15 whether whether IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 83 16 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 83 17 not not RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 83 18 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 83 19 healthcare healthcare NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 83 20 worker worker NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 83 21 was be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 83 22 working work VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 83 23 while while IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 83 24 gloved gloved JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 83 25 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 83 26 ungloved ungloved JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 83 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 83 28 60 60 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 83 29 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 83 30 62 62 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 83 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 83 32 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 84 1 Such such PDT cord-019027-6chba2ru 84 2 an an DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 84 3 establishment establishment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 84 4 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 84 5 causality causality NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 84 6 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 84 7 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 84 8 development development NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 84 9 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 84 10 HAI HAI NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 84 11 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 84 12 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 84 13 an an DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 84 14 intrinsic intrinsic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 84 15 ability ability NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 84 16 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 84 17 survive survive VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 84 18 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 84 19 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 84 20 hands hand NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 84 21 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 84 22 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 84 23 healthcare healthcare NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 84 24 workers worker NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 84 25 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 84 26 provides provide VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 84 27 strong strong JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 84 28 support support NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 84 29 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 84 30 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 84 31 role role NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 84 32 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 84 33 hand hand NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 84 34 hygiene hygiene NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 84 35 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 84 36 limiting limit VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 84 37 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 84 38 incidence incidence NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 84 39 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 84 40 controlling control VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 84 41 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 84 42 spread spread NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 84 43 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 84 44 HAI HAI NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 84 45 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 85 1 The the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 85 2 fourth fourth JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 85 3 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 85 4 fifth fifth JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 85 5 aspects aspect NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 85 6 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 85 7 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 85 8 model model NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 85 9 advanced advance VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 85 10 by by IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 85 11 Pittet Pittet NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 85 12 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 85 13 colleagues colleague NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 85 14 addresses address VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 85 15 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 85 16 issue issue NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 85 17 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 85 18 defective defective JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 85 19 and/or and/or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 85 20 absent absent JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 85 21 hand hand NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 85 22 cleansing cleansing NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 85 23 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 85 24 how how WRB cord-019027-6chba2ru 85 25 it -PRON- PRP cord-019027-6chba2ru 85 26 can can MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 85 27 lead lead VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 85 28 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 85 29 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 85 30 cross cross NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 85 31 transmission transmission NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 85 32 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 85 33 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 85 34 microbes microbe NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 85 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 85 36 61 61 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 85 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 85 38 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 86 1 Here here RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 86 2 they -PRON- PRP cord-019027-6chba2ru 86 3 have have VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 86 4 raised raise VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 86 5 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 86 6 issue issue NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 86 7 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 86 8 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 86 9 need need NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 86 10 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 86 11 microbiologically microbiologically RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 86 12 validate validate VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 86 13 proper proper JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 86 14 hand hand NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 86 15 cleansing cleansing NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 86 16 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 86 17 order order NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 86 18 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 86 19 control control VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 86 20 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 86 21 spread spread NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 86 22 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 86 23 microbes microbe NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 86 24 regardless regardless RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 86 25 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 86 26 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-019027-6chba2ru 86 27 source source NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 86 28 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 87 1 In in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 87 2 citing cite VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 87 3 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 87 4 study study NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 87 5 by by IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 87 6 Sala Sala NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 87 7 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 87 8 colleagues colleague NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 87 9 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 87 10 they -PRON- PRP cord-019027-6chba2ru 87 11 describe describe VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 87 12 how how WRB cord-019027-6chba2ru 87 13 an an DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 87 14 outbreak outbreak NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 87 15 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 87 16 Norovirus Norovirus NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 87 17 was be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 87 18 traced trace VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 87 19 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 87 20 an an DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 87 21 infected infect VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 87 22 food food NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 87 23 handler handler NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 87 24 within within IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 87 25 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 87 26 hospital hospital NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 87 27 cafeteria cafeteria NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 87 28 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 88 1 Here here RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 88 2 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 88 3 implicated implicate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 88 4 foodstuffs foodstuff NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 88 5 consumed consume VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 88 6 during during IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 88 7 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 88 8 outbreak outbreak NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 88 9 were be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 88 10 handmade handmade JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 88 11 by by IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 88 12 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 88 13 infected infected JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 88 14 worker worker NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 88 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 88 16 69 69 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 88 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 88 18 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 89 1 Independently independently RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 89 2 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 89 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-019027-6chba2ru 89 4 has have VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 89 5 been be VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 89 6 shown show VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 89 7 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 89 8 Norovirus Norovirus NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 89 9 contaminated contaminated JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 89 10 fingers finger NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 89 11 can can MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 89 12 sequentially sequentially RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 89 13 transfer transfer VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 89 14 this this DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 89 15 virus virus NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 89 16 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 89 17 up up IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 89 18 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 89 19 seven seven CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 89 20 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 89 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 89 22 7 7 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 89 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 89 24 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 90 1 Sequential sequential JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 90 2 transfer transfer NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 90 3 is be VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 90 4 not not RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 90 5 only only RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 90 6 confined confine VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 90 7 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 90 8 human human NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 90 9 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 90 10 surface surface NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 90 11 transfer transfer NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 90 12 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 91 1 In in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 91 2 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 91 3 same same JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 91 4 study study NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 91 5 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 91 6 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 91 7 virus virus NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 91 8 was be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 91 9 found find VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 91 10 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 91 11 move move VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 91 12 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 91 13 contaminated contaminated JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 91 14 cleaning cleaning NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 91 15 cloths cloth NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 91 16 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 91 17 clean clean VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 91 18 hands hand NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 91 19 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 91 20 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 91 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 91 22 7 7 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 91 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 91 24 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 1 Recently recently RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 2 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 3 Snitkin Snitkin NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 4 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 5 colleagues colleague NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 6 used use VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 7 whole whole JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 8 genome genome NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 9 sequencing sequencing NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 10 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 11 track track VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 12 an an DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 13 outbreak outbreak NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 14 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 15 Carbapenem Carbapenem NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 16 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 17 Resistant Resistant NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 18 Klebsiella Klebsiella NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 19 pneumonia pneumonia NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 20 that that WDT cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 21 occurred occur VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 22 at at IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 23 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 24 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 25 National National NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 26 Institutes Institutes NNPS cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 27 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 28 Health Health NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 29 Clinical Clinical NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 30 Center Center NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 31 where where WRB cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 32 they -PRON- PRP cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 33 learned learn VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 34 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 35 despite despite IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 36 early early JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 37 implementation implementation NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 38 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 39 infection infection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 40 control control NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 41 procedures procedure NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 42 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 43 including include VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 44 aggressive aggressive JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 45 hand hand NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 46 hygiene hygiene NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 47 controls control NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 48 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 49 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 50 microbe microbe NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 51 persisted persist VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 52 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 53 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 54 environment environment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 55 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 56 83 83 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 57 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 92 58 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 93 1 Consequently consequently RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 93 2 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 93 3 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 93 4 built build VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 93 5 environment environment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 93 6 can can MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 93 7 serve serve VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 93 8 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 93 9 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 93 10 reservoir reservoir NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 93 11 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 93 12 which which WDT cord-019027-6chba2ru 93 13 clean clean JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 93 14 hands hand NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 93 15 can can MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 93 16 serve serve VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 93 17 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 93 18 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 93 19 source source NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 93 20 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 93 21 HAI HAI NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 93 22 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 94 1 When when WRB cord-019027-6chba2ru 94 2 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 94 3 patient patient NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 94 4 is be VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 94 5 known know VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 94 6 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 94 7 be be VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 94 8 colonized colonize VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 94 9 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 94 10 infected infect VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 94 11 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 94 12 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 94 13 transmittable transmittable JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 94 14 pathogen pathogen NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 94 15 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 94 16 dedicated dedicated JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 94 17 equipment equipment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 94 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 94 19 i.e. i.e. FW cord-019027-6chba2ru 94 20 stethoscopes stethoscope NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 94 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 94 22 should should MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 94 23 be be VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 94 24 used use VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 94 25 when when WRB cord-019027-6chba2ru 94 26 possible possible JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 94 27 along along RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 94 28 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 94 29 other other JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 94 30 personal personal JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 94 31 protective protective JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 94 32 equipment equipment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 94 33 such such JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 94 34 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 94 35 gowns gown NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 94 36 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 94 37 gloves glove NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 94 38 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 94 39 masks mask NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 94 40 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 95 1 Frequently frequently RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 95 2 touched touch VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 95 3 hospital hospital NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 95 4 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 95 5 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 95 6 medical medical JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 95 7 equipment equipment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 95 8 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 95 9 such such JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 95 10 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 95 11 doorknobs doorknob NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 95 12 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 95 13 bed bed NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 95 14 rails rail NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 95 15 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 95 16 faucet faucet NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 95 17 handles handle NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 95 18 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 95 19 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 95 20 intravenous intravenous JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 95 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 95 22 IV IV NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 95 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 95 24 poles pole NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 95 25 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 95 26 have have VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 95 27 been be VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 95 28 identified identify VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 95 29 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 95 30 reservoirs reservoir NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 95 31 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 95 32 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 95 33 microbes microbe NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 95 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 95 35 10 10 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 95 36 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 95 37 56 56 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 95 38 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 95 39 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 96 1 In in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 96 2 addition addition NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 96 3 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 96 4 medical medical JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 96 5 equipment equipment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 96 6 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 96 7 healthy healthy JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 96 8 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 96 9 intact intact JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 96 10 skin skin NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 96 11 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 96 12 there there EX cord-019027-6chba2ru 96 13 have have VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 96 14 been be VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 96 15 reports report NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 96 16 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 96 17 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 96 18 transfer transfer NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 96 19 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 96 20 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 96 21 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 96 22 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 96 23 gloves glove NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 96 24 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 96 25 gowns gown NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 96 26 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 96 27 healthcare healthcare NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 96 28 workers worker NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 96 29 after after IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 96 30 patient patient NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 96 31 contact contact NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 96 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 96 33 6 6 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 96 34 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 96 35 18 18 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 96 36 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 96 37 33 33 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 96 38 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 96 39 49 49 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 96 40 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 96 41 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 97 1 Specifically specifically RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 97 2 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 97 3 Morgan Morgan NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 97 4 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 97 5 colleagues colleague NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 97 6 reported report VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 97 7 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 97 8 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 97 9 transfer transfer NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 97 10 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 97 11 multi multi JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 97 12 - - JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 97 13 drug drug JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 97 14 resistant resistant JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 97 15 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 97 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 97 17 MDR MDR NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 97 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 97 19 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 97 20 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 97 21 gowns gown NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 97 22 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 97 23 gloves glove NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 97 24 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 97 25 healthcare healthcare NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 97 26 workers worker NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 97 27 occurred occur VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 97 28 after after IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 97 29 routine routine JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 97 30 contact contact NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 97 31 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 97 32 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 97 33 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 97 34 this this DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 97 35 was be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 97 36 found find VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 97 37 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 97 38 increase increase VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 97 39 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 97 40 environmental environmental JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 97 41 contamination contamination NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 97 42 increased increase VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 97 43 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 97 44 49 49 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 97 45 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 97 46 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 1 The the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 2 intent intent NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 3 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 4 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 5 study study NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 6 was be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 7 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 8 evaluate evaluate VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 9 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 10 differential differential JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 11 rate rate NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 12 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 13 contamination contamination NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 14 by by IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 15 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 16 MDR MDR NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 17 variant variant NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 18 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 19 Acinetobacter Acinetobacter NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 20 baumannii baumannii NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 21 compared compare VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 22 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 23 other other JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 24 MDR MDR NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 25 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 26 while while IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 27 attempting attempt VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 28 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 29 understand understand VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 30 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 31 importance importance NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 32 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 33 environmental environmental JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 34 contamination contamination NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 35 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 36 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 37 transfer transfer NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 38 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 39 MDR MDR NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 40 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 41 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 42 personal personal JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 43 protective protective JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 44 equipment equipment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 46 PPE PPE NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 47 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 48 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 49 gowns gown NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 50 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 51 gloves glove NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 54 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 55 healthcare healthcare NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 56 workers worker NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 98 57 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 99 1 Here here RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 99 2 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 99 3 microbe microbe NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 99 4 most most RBS cord-019027-6chba2ru 99 5 frequently frequently RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 99 6 recovered recover VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 99 7 was be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 99 8 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 99 9 extremely extremely RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 99 10 recalcitrant recalcitrant JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 99 11 multidrug multidrug NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 99 12 resistant resistant JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 99 13 variant variant NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 99 14 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 99 15 A. a. NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 99 16 baumannii baumannii NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 99 17 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 100 1 Most most RBS cord-019027-6chba2ru 100 2 striking striking JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 100 3 however however RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 100 4 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 100 5 were be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 100 6 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 100 7 conclusions conclusion NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 100 8 that that WDT cord-019027-6chba2ru 100 9 resulted result VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 100 10 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 100 11 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 100 12 modeling modeling NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 100 13 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 100 14 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-019027-6chba2ru 100 15 data datum NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 100 16 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 101 1 Here here RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 101 2 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 101 3 positive positive JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 101 4 environmental environmental JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 101 5 culture culture NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 101 6 was be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 101 7 found find VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 101 8 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 101 9 be be VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 101 10 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 101 11 strongest strong JJS cord-019027-6chba2ru 101 12 risk risk NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 101 13 factor factor NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 101 14 associated associate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 101 15 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 101 16 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 101 17 contamination contamination NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 101 18 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 101 19 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 101 20 clothing clothing NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 101 21 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 101 22 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 101 23 healthcare healthcare NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 101 24 worker worker NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 101 25 by by IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 101 26 MDR MDR NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 101 27 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 101 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 101 29 Odds odd NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 101 30 ratio ratio NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 101 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 101 32 OR or NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 101 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 101 34 4.2 4.2 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 101 35 ; ; : cord-019027-6chba2ru 101 36 95 95 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 101 37 % % NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 101 38 CI CI NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 101 39 2.7 2.7 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 101 40 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 101 41 6.5 6.5 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 101 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 101 43 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 101 44 49 49 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 101 45 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 101 46 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 1 Other other JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 2 independent independent JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 3 variables variable NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 4 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 5 such such JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 6 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 7 presence presence NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 8 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 9 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 10 patient patient NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 11 's 's POS cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 12 room room NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 13 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 14 greater great JJR cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 15 than than IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 16 5 5 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 17 min min NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 19 OR OR NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 20 2.0 2.0 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 21 ; ; : cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 22 p p NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 23 ¼ ¼ CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 24 0.014 0.014 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 26 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 27 performing perform VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 28 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 29 physical physical JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 30 examination examination NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 32 OR OR NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 33 1.7 1.7 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 34 ; ; : cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 35 p p NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 36 ¼ ¼ CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 37 0.019 0.019 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 39 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 40 contact contact NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 41 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 42 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 43 ventilator ventilator NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 45 OR OR NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 46 1.8 1.8 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 47 ; ; : cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 48 p p NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 49 ¼ ¼ CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 50 0.014 0.014 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 52 were be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 53 similarly similarly RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 54 significant significant JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 55 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 56 raising raise VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 57 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 58 likelihood likelihood NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 59 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 60 risk risk NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 61 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 62 transfer transfer NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 63 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 64 MDR MDR NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 65 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 66 but but CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 67 at at IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 68 rates rate NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 69 lower low JJR cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 70 than than IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 71 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 72 rate rate NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 73 observed observe VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 74 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 75 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 76 positive positive JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 77 environmental environmental JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 78 culture culture NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 79 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 80 49 49 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 81 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 102 82 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 103 1 Intuition intuition NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 103 2 would would MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 103 3 suggest suggest VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 103 4 transfer transfer NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 103 5 was be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 103 6 greater great JJR cord-019027-6chba2ru 103 7 when when WRB cord-019027-6chba2ru 103 8 interacting interact VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 103 9 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 103 10 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 103 11 patient patient NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 103 12 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 104 1 However however RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 104 2 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 104 3 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 104 4 higher high JJR cord-019027-6chba2ru 104 5 risk risk NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 104 6 associated associate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 104 7 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 104 8 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 104 9 positive positive JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 104 10 environmental environmental JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 104 11 culture culture NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 104 12 serves serve VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 104 13 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 104 14 reinforce reinforce VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 104 15 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 104 16 importance importance NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 104 17 that that WDT cord-019027-6chba2ru 104 18 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 104 19 microbial microbial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 104 20 burden burden NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 104 21 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 104 22 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 104 23 built build VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 104 24 clinical clinical JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 104 25 environment environment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 104 26 represents represent VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 104 27 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 104 28 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 104 29 set set NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 104 30 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 104 31 circumstances circumstance NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 104 32 required require VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 104 33 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 104 34 colonization colonization NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 104 35 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 104 36 infection infection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 104 37 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 104 38 patients patient NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 104 39 while while IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 104 40 hospitalized hospitalize VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 104 41 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 104 42 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 104 43 46 46 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 104 44 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 104 45 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 105 1 In in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 105 2 another another DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 105 3 study study NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 105 4 where where WRB cord-019027-6chba2ru 105 5 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 105 6 environments environment NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 105 7 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 105 8 patients patient NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 105 9 colonized colonize VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 105 10 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 105 11 infected infect VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 105 12 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 105 13 VRE VRE NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 105 14 were be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 105 15 evaluated evaluate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 105 16 upwards upwards RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 105 17 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 105 18 37 37 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 105 19 % % NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 105 20 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 105 21 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 105 22 environmental environmental JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 105 23 samples sample NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 105 24 collected collect VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 105 25 were be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 105 26 found find VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 105 27 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 105 28 harbor harbor VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 105 29 VRE VRE NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 105 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 105 31 31 31 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 105 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 105 33 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 106 1 The the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 106 2 samples sample NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 106 3 included include VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 106 4 patient patient JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 106 5 gowns gown NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 106 6 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 106 7 medical medical JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 106 8 equipment equipment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 106 9 used use VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 106 10 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 106 11 care care NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 106 12 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 106 13 as as RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 106 14 well well RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 106 15 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 106 16 environmental environmental JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 106 17 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 106 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 106 19 31 31 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 106 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 106 21 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 1 Controlling control VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 2 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 3 spread spread NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 4 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 5 VRE VRE NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 6 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 7 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 8 room room NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 9 occupants occupant NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 10 is be VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 11 challenging challenge VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 12 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 13 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 14 this this DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 15 microbe microbe NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 16 can can MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 17 be be VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 18 resistant resistant JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 19 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 20 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 21 disinfectants disinfectant NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 22 used use VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 23 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 24 routine routine JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 25 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 26 terminal terminal JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 27 cleaning cleaning NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 28 ; ; : cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 29 even even RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 30 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 31 use use NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 32 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 33 bleach bleach NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 34 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 35 based base VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 36 products product NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 37 have have VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 38 been be VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 39 reported report VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 40 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 41 fail fail VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 42 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 43 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 44 ability ability NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 45 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 46 eradicate eradicate VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 47 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 48 microbe microbe NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 49 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 50 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 51 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 52 22 22 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 53 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 54 24 24 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 55 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 56 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 57 See see VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 58 also also RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 59 Chap Chap NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 60 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 61 9 9 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 62 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 107 63 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 108 1 Independent independent JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 108 2 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 108 3 cleaning cleaning NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 108 4 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 108 5 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 108 6 issue issue NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 108 7 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 108 8 transference transference NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 108 9 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 108 10 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 108 11 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 108 12 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 108 13 environment environment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 108 14 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 108 15 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 108 16 occupants occupant NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 108 17 can can MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 108 18 be be VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 108 19 inferred infer VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 108 20 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 108 21 studies study NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 108 22 demonstrating demonstrate VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 108 23 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 108 24 long long JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 108 25 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 108 26 term term NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 108 27 survival survival NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 108 28 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 108 29 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 108 30 microbes microbe NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 108 31 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 108 32 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 108 33 within within IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 108 34 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 108 35 built build VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 108 36 environment environment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 108 37 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 109 1 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 109 2 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 109 3 other other JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 109 4 nosocomial nosocomial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 109 5 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 109 6 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 109 7 including include VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 109 8 VRE VRE NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 109 9 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 109 10 C. C. NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 109 11 difficile difficile NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 109 12 can can MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 109 13 survive survive VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 109 14 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 109 15 months month NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 109 16 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 109 17 dry dry JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 109 18 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 109 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 109 20 Chap Chap NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 109 21 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 110 1 2 2 LS cord-019027-6chba2ru 110 2 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 110 3 ref ref NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 110 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 110 5 42 42 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 110 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 110 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 110 8 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 111 1 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 111 2 has have VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 111 3 been be VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 111 4 documented document VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 111 5 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 111 6 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-019027-6chba2ru 111 7 ability ability NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 111 8 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 111 9 survive survive VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 111 10 within within IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 111 11 hospital hospital NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 111 12 dust dust NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 111 13 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 111 14 up up IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 111 15 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 111 16 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 111 17 year year NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 111 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 111 19 89 89 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 111 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 111 21 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 112 1 Further further RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 112 2 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 112 3 frequently frequently RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 112 4 touched touch VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 112 5 hospital hospital NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 112 6 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 112 7 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 112 8 such such JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 112 9 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 112 10 doorknobs doorknob NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 112 11 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 112 12 have have VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 112 13 been be VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 112 14 implicated implicate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 112 15 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 112 16 reservoirs reservoir NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 112 17 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 112 18 which which WDT cord-019027-6chba2ru 112 19 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 112 20 can can MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 112 21 be be VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 112 22 routinely routinely RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 112 23 recovered recover VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 112 24 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 112 25 thus thus RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 112 26 transferred transfer VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 112 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 112 28 56 56 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 112 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 112 30 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 113 1 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 113 2 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 113 3 like like IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 113 4 VRE VRE NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 113 5 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 113 6 is be VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 113 7 ubiquitous ubiquitous JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 113 8 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 113 9 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 113 10 hospital hospital NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 113 11 environment environment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 113 12 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 113 13 especially especially RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 113 14 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 113 15 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 113 16 vicinity vicinity NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 113 17 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 113 18 patients patient NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 113 19 known know VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 113 20 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 113 21 be be VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 113 22 colonized colonize VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 113 23 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 113 24 infected infect VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 113 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 113 26 22 22 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 113 27 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 113 28 24 24 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 113 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 113 30 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 114 1 The the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 114 2 chief chief JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 114 3 method method NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 114 4 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 114 5 spread spread NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 114 6 is be VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 114 7 poor poor JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 114 8 compliance compliance NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 114 9 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 114 10 infection infection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 114 11 control control NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 114 12 measures measure NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 114 13 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 114 14 such such JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 114 15 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 114 16 hand hand NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 114 17 hygiene hygiene NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 114 18 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 114 19 by by IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 114 20 healthcare healthcare NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 114 21 workers worker NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 114 22 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 115 1 Several several JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 115 2 studies study NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 115 3 have have VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 115 4 described describe VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 115 5 endemic endemic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 115 6 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 115 7 epidemic epidemic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 115 8 contamination contamination NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 115 9 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 115 10 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 115 11 environment environment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 115 12 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 115 13 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 115 14 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 1 A a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 2 recent recent JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 3 review review NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 4 by by IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 5 Dancer dancer NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 6 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 7 colleagues colleague NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 8 found find VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 9 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 10 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 11 site site NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 12 contamination contamination NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 13 mean mean VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 14 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 15 common common JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 16 objects object NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 17 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 18 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 19 patient patient NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 20 's 's POS cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 21 room room NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 22 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 23 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 24 was be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 25 37 37 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 26 % % NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 27 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 28 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 29 high high JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 30 percentages percentage NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 31 found find VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 32 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 33 such such JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 34 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 35 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 36 overbed overbed JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 37 tables table NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 39 40 40 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 40 % % NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 42 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 43 bed bed NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 44 rails rail NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 46 27 27 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 47 % % NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 49 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 50 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 51 other other JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 52 furniture furniture NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 53 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 54 27 27 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 55 % % NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 116 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 117 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 117 2 23 23 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 117 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 117 4 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 118 1 The the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 118 2 risk risk NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 118 3 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 118 4 acquiring acquire VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 118 5 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 118 6 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 118 7 VRE VRE NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 118 8 by by IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 118 9 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 118 10 patient patient NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 118 11 being be VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 118 12 admitted admit VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 118 13 into into IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 118 14 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 118 15 room room NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 118 16 that that WDT cord-019027-6chba2ru 118 17 was be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 118 18 previously previously RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 118 19 occupied occupy VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 118 20 by by IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 118 21 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 118 22 patient patient NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 118 23 known know VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 118 24 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 118 25 harbor harbor VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 118 26 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 118 27 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 118 28 VRE VRE NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 118 29 was be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 118 30 described describe VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 118 31 by by IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 118 32 Huang Huang NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 118 33 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 118 34 colleagues colleague NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 118 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 118 36 37 37 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 118 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 118 38 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 119 1 The the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 119 2 added add VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 119 3 risk risk NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 119 4 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 119 5 acquisition acquisition NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 119 6 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 119 7 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 119 8 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 119 9 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 119 10 10,151 10,151 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 119 11 ' ' `` cord-019027-6chba2ru 119 12 eligible eligible JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 119 13 ' ' '' cord-019027-6chba2ru 119 14 patients patient NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 119 15 examined examine VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 119 16 by by IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 119 17 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-019027-6chba2ru 119 18 study study NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 119 19 was be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 119 20 found find VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 119 21 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 119 22 increase increase VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 119 23 by by IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 119 24 an an DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 119 25 adjusted adjust VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 119 26 odds odd NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 119 27 ratio ratio NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 119 28 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 119 29 1.4 1.4 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 119 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 119 31 p p NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 119 32 ¼ ¼ CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 119 33 0.04 0.04 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 119 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 119 35 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 120 1 Specifically specifically RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 120 2 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 120 3 amongst amongst IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 120 4 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 120 5 patients patient NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 120 6 whose whose WP$ cord-019027-6chba2ru 120 7 prior prior JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 120 8 room room NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 120 9 occupant occupant NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 120 10 was be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 120 11 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 120 12 positive positive JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 120 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 120 14 n n NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 120 15 ¼ ¼ NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 120 16 1,454 1,454 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 120 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 120 18 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 120 19 3.9 3.9 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 120 20 % % NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 120 21 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 120 22 this this DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 120 23 cohort cohort NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 120 24 acquired acquire VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 120 25 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 120 26 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 120 27 while while IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 120 28 only only RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 120 29 2.9 2.9 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 120 30 % % NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 120 31 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 120 32 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 120 33 patients patient NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 120 34 who who WP cord-019027-6chba2ru 120 35 occupied occupy VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 120 36 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 120 37 room room NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 120 38 previously previously RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 120 39 housing house VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 120 40 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 120 41 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 120 42 negative negative JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 120 43 patient patient NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 120 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 120 45 n n NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 120 46 ¼ ¼ NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 120 47 8697 8697 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 120 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 120 49 acquired acquire VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 120 50 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 120 51 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 121 1 A a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 121 2 similar similar JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 121 3 risk risk NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 121 4 profile profile NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 121 5 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 121 6 acquisition acquisition NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 121 7 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 121 8 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 121 9 drug drug NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 121 10 resistant resistant JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 121 11 microbe microbe NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 121 12 was be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 121 13 similarly similarly RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 121 14 observed observe VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 121 15 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 121 16 VRE VRE NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 121 17 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 1 Here here RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 2 4.5 4.5 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 3 % % NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 4 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 5 patients patient NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 6 who who WP cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 7 occupied occupy VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 8 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 9 room room NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 10 that that WDT cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 11 previously previously RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 12 housed house VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 13 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 14 VRE VRE NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 15 positive positive JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 16 patient patient NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 18 n n NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 19 ¼ ¼ NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 20 1,291 1,291 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 22 developed develop VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 23 VRE VRE NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 24 while while IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 25 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 26 infection infection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 27 rate rate NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 28 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 29 patients patient NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 30 housed house VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 31 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 32 rooms room NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 33 previously previously RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 34 occupied occupy VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 35 by by IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 36 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 37 VRE VRE NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 38 negative negative JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 39 patient patient NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 41 n n NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 42 ¼ ¼ NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 43 9,058 9,058 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 45 had have VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 46 an an DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 47 attack attack NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 48 rate rate NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 49 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 50 2.8 2.8 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 51 % % NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 52 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 53 adjusted adjust VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 54 odds odd NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 55 ratio ratio NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 56 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 57 1.4 1.4 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 58 ; ; : cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 59 p p NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 60 ¼ ¼ CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 61 0.02 0.02 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 62 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 122 63 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 123 1 The the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 123 2 authors author NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 123 3 concluded conclude VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 123 4 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 123 5 acquisition acquisition NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 123 6 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 123 7 previous previous JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 123 8 occupants occupant NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 123 9 accounted account VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 123 10 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 123 11 40 40 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 123 12 % % NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 123 13 increased increase VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 123 14 odds odd NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 123 15 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 123 16 transmission transmission NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 123 17 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 123 18 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 123 19 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 123 20 VRE VRE NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 123 21 strongly strongly RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 123 22 suggesting suggest VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 123 23 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 123 24 role role NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 123 25 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 123 26 environmental environmental JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 123 27 contamination contamination NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 123 28 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 123 29 despite despite IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 123 30 room room NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 123 31 cleaning cleaning NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 123 32 methods method NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 123 33 that that WDT cord-019027-6chba2ru 123 34 exceeded exceed VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 123 35 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 123 36 national national JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 123 37 standard standard NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 123 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 123 39 37 37 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 123 40 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 123 41 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 124 1 A a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 124 2 review review NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 124 3 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 124 4 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 124 5 topic topic NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 124 6 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 124 7 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 124 8 risk risk NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 124 9 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 124 10 nosocomial nosocomial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 124 11 pathogen pathogen NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 124 12 acquisition acquisition NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 124 13 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 124 14 prior prior JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 124 15 room room NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 124 16 occupants occupant NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 124 17 was be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 124 18 recently recently RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 124 19 published publish VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 124 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 124 21 58 58 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 124 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 124 23 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 125 1 Here here RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 125 2 Otter Otter NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 125 3 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 125 4 colleagues colleague NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 125 5 reviewed review VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 125 6 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 125 7 increased increase VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 125 8 risk risk NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 125 9 associated associate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 125 10 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 125 11 other other JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 125 12 MDR MDR NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 125 13 microbes microbe NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 125 14 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 126 1 Again again RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 126 2 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 126 3 trend trend NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 126 4 was be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 126 5 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 126 6 same same JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 126 7 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 127 1 Patients patient NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 127 2 who who WP cord-019027-6chba2ru 127 3 occupied occupy VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 127 4 rooms room NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 127 5 where where WRB cord-019027-6chba2ru 127 6 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 127 7 former former JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 127 8 patient patient NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 127 9 was be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 127 10 infected infect VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 127 11 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 127 12 colonized colonize VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 127 13 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 127 14 Pseudomonas Pseudomonas NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 127 15 aeruginosa aeruginosa NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 127 16 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 127 17 A. a. NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 127 18 baumannii baumannii NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 127 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 127 20 55 55 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 127 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 127 22 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 127 23 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 127 24 C. C. NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 127 25 difficile difficile NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 127 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 127 27 81 81 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 127 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 127 29 resulted result VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 127 30 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 127 31 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 127 32 similar similar JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 127 33 increase increase NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 127 34 risk risk NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 127 35 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 127 36 acquiring acquire VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 127 37 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 127 38 previous previous JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 127 39 occupants occupant NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 127 40 pathogen pathogen NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 127 41 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 128 1 A a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 128 2 study study NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 128 3 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 128 4 2011 2011 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 128 5 showed show VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 128 6 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 128 7 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 128 8 prior prior JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 128 9 room room NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 128 10 occupant occupant NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 128 11 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 128 12 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 128 13 CDI CDI NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 128 14 was be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 128 15 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 128 16 significant significant JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 128 17 risk risk NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 128 18 factor factor NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 128 19 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 128 20 CDI CDI NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 128 21 acquisition acquisition NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 128 22 by by IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 128 23 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 128 24 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 128 25 occupant occupant NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 128 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 128 27 81 81 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 128 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 128 29 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 129 1 This this DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 129 2 spore spore NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 129 3 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 129 4 forming form VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 129 5 anaerobic anaerobic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 129 6 bacterium bacterium NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 129 7 can can MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 129 8 survive survive VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 129 9 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 129 10 many many JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 129 11 months month NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 129 12 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 129 13 hospital hospital NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 129 14 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 129 15 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 129 16 is be VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 129 17 recalcitrant recalcitrant JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 129 18 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 129 19 usual usual JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 129 20 cleaning cleaning NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 129 21 methods method NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 129 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 129 23 36 36 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 129 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 129 25 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 130 1 Studies study NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 130 2 have have VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 130 3 shown show VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 130 4 very very RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 130 5 high high JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 130 6 environmental environmental JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 130 7 surface surface NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 130 8 contamination contamination NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 130 9 rates rate NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 130 10 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 130 11 particularly particularly RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 130 12 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 130 13 areas area NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 130 14 within within IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 130 15 close close JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 130 16 proximity proximity NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 130 17 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 130 18 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 130 19 patient patient NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 130 20 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 131 1 In in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 131 2 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 131 3 trial trial NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 131 4 conducted conduct VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 131 5 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 131 6 France France NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 131 7 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 131 8 approximately approximately RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 131 9 25 25 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 131 10 % % NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 131 11 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 131 12 healthcare healthcare NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 131 13 workers worker NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 131 14 who who WP cord-019027-6chba2ru 131 15 were be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 131 16 caring care VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 131 17 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 131 18 patients patient NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 131 19 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 131 20 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 131 21 CDI CDI NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 131 22 were be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 131 23 found find VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 131 24 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 131 25 have have VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 131 26 C. C. NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 131 27 difficile difficile NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 131 28 spores spore NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 131 29 associated associate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 131 30 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 131 31 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-019027-6chba2ru 131 32 hands hand NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 131 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 131 34 43 43 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 131 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 131 36 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 132 1 The the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 132 2 authors author NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 132 3 concluded conclude VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 132 4 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 132 5 contamination contamination NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 132 6 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 132 7 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 132 8 hands hand NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 132 9 was be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 132 10 positively positively RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 132 11 associated associate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 132 12 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 132 13 exposure exposure NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 132 14 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 132 15 fecal fecal JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 132 16 soiling soiling NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 132 17 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 132 18 lack lack NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 132 19 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 132 20 glove glove NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 132 21 use use NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 132 22 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 133 1 Several several JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 133 2 Gram gram NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 133 3 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 133 4 negative negative JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 133 5 nosocomial nosocomial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 133 6 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 133 7 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 133 8 such such JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 133 9 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 133 10 P. P. NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 133 11 aeruginosa aeruginosa NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 133 12 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 133 13 A. a. NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 133 14 baumannii baumannii NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 133 15 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 133 16 increasingly increasingly RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 133 17 associated associate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 133 18 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 133 19 multi multi JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 133 20 - - JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 133 21 drug drug JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 133 22 resistance resistance NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 133 23 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 133 24 have have VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 133 25 similarly similarly RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 133 26 been be VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 133 27 recovered recover VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 133 28 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 133 29 high high JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 133 30 touch touch NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 133 31 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 133 32 such such JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 133 33 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 133 34 beds bed NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 133 35 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 133 36 tables table NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 133 37 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 133 38 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 133 39 infusion infusion NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 133 40 pumps pump NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 133 41 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 133 42 5 5 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 133 43 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 133 44 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 134 1 Outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 134 2 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 134 3 thought think VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 134 4 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 134 5 have have VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 134 6 occurred occur VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 134 7 because because IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 134 8 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 134 9 patient patient NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 134 10 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 134 11 patient patient JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 134 12 spread spread NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 134 13 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 134 14 MDR MDR NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 134 15 Gram Gram NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 134 16 negatives negative NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 134 17 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 134 18 can can MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 134 19 be be VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 134 20 devastating devastating JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 134 21 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 134 22 patients patient NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 134 23 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 134 24 hospitals hospital NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 134 25 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 134 26 resulting result VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 134 27 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 134 28 high high JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 134 29 numbers number NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 134 30 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 134 31 cases case NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 134 32 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 134 33 high high JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 134 34 morbidity morbidity NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 134 35 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 134 36 mortality mortality NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 134 37 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 135 1 Responses response NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 135 2 have have VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 135 3 included include VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 135 4 robust robust JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 135 5 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 135 6 aggressive aggressive JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 135 7 approaches approach NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 135 8 towards towards IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 135 9 infection infection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 135 10 control control NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 135 11 often often RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 135 12 including include VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 135 13 enhanced enhanced JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 135 14 environmental environmental JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 135 15 cleaning cleaning NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 135 16 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 135 17 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 135 18 extreme extreme JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 135 19 cases case NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 135 20 closure closure NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 135 21 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 135 22 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 135 23 affected affected JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 135 24 unit unit NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 135 25 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 135 26 substantial substantial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 135 27 areas area NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 135 28 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 135 29 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 135 30 hospital hospital NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 135 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 135 32 25 25 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 135 33 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 135 34 27 27 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 135 35 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 135 36 45 45 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 135 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 135 38 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 136 1 Fortunately fortunately RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 136 2 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 136 3 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 136 4 majority majority NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 136 5 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 136 6 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 136 7 clinically clinically RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 136 8 relevant relevant JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 136 9 Gram gram NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 136 10 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 136 11 negative negative JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 136 12 microbes microbe NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 136 13 associated associate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 136 14 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 136 15 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 136 16 built build VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 136 17 clinical clinical JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 136 18 environment environment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 136 19 are be VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 136 20 not not RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 136 21 viable viable JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 136 22 after after IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 136 23 drying dry VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 136 24 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 137 1 Half half RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 137 2 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 137 3 lives life NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 137 4 routinely routinely RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 137 5 encountered encounter VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 137 6 are be VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 137 7 7 7 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 137 8 h h NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 137 9 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 137 10 less less JJR cord-019027-6chba2ru 137 11 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 137 12 36 36 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 137 13 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 137 14 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 138 1 An an DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 138 2 emerging emerge VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 138 3 nosocomial nosocomial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 138 4 fungal fungal JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 138 5 pathogen pathogen NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 138 6 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 138 7 which which WDT cord-019027-6chba2ru 138 8 has have VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 138 9 become become VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 138 10 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 138 11 common common JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 138 12 cause cause NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 138 13 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 138 14 central central JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 138 15 line line NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 138 16 associated associate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 138 17 bacteremia bacteremia NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 138 18 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 138 19 healthcare healthcare NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 138 20 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 138 21 is be VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 138 22 Candida Candida NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 138 23 albicans albican NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 138 24 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 139 1 There there EX cord-019027-6chba2ru 139 2 are be VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 139 3 fewer few JJR cord-019027-6chba2ru 139 4 studies study NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 139 5 documenting document VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 139 6 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 139 7 extent extent NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 139 8 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 139 9 environmental environmental JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 139 10 contamination contamination NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 139 11 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 139 12 fungi fungus NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 139 13 ; ; : cord-019027-6chba2ru 139 14 however however RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 139 15 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 139 16 C. C. NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 139 17 albicans albican NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 139 18 has have VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 139 19 been be VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 139 20 shown show VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 139 21 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 139 22 be be VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 139 23 able able JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 139 24 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 139 25 survive survive VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 139 26 anywhere anywhere RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 139 27 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 139 28 3 3 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 139 29 days day NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 139 30 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 139 31 up up IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 139 32 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 139 33 4 4 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 139 34 months month NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 139 35 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 139 36 inanimate inanimate JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 139 37 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 139 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 139 39 42 42 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 139 40 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 139 41 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 140 1 The the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 140 2 majority majority NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 140 3 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 140 4 Candida Candida NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 140 5 infections infection NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 140 6 are be VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 140 7 likely likely JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 140 8 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 140 9 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 140 10 sources source NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 140 11 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 141 1 However however RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 141 2 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 141 3 through through IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 141 4 molecular molecular JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 141 5 typing typing NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 141 6 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 141 7 evidence evidence NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 141 8 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 141 9 transmission transmission NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 141 10 via via IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 141 11 environmental environmental JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 141 12 sources source NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 141 13 has have VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 141 14 been be VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 141 15 suggested suggest VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 141 16 ; ; : cord-019027-6chba2ru 141 17 identical identical JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 141 18 strain strain NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 141 19 types type NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 141 20 were be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 141 21 recovered recover VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 141 22 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 141 23 patients patient NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 141 24 infected infect VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 141 25 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 141 26 Candida Candida NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 141 27 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 141 28 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 141 29 hospital hospital NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 141 30 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 141 31 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 141 32 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 141 33 rooms room NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 141 34 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 141 35 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 141 36 affected affect VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 141 37 patients patient NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 141 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 141 39 88 88 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 141 40 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 141 41 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 142 1 There there EX cord-019027-6chba2ru 142 2 are be VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 142 3 several several JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 142 4 classes class NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 142 5 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 142 6 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 142 7 viruses virus NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 142 8 that that WDT cord-019027-6chba2ru 142 9 can can MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 142 10 be be VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 142 11 found find VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 142 12 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 142 13 hospital hospital NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 142 14 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 142 15 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 143 1 Respiratory respiratory JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 143 2 viruses virus NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 143 3 such such JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 143 4 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 143 5 influenza influenza NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 143 6 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 143 7 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 143 8 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 143 9 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 143 10 rhinovirus rhinovirus NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 143 11 can can MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 143 12 persist persist VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 143 13 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 143 14 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 143 15 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 143 16 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 143 17 few few JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 143 18 days day NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 143 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 143 20 42 42 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 143 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 143 22 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 144 1 Viable viable JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 144 2 influenza influenza NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 144 3 virus virus NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 144 4 can can MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 144 5 be be VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 144 6 transferred transfer VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 144 7 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 144 8 surface surface NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 144 9 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 144 10 skin skin NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 144 11 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 144 12 leading lead VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 144 13 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 144 14 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 144 15 potential potential JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 144 16 transfer transfer NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 144 17 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 144 18 patients patient NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 144 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 144 20 36 36 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 144 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 144 22 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 145 1 Gastrointestinal gastrointestinal JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 145 2 tract tract NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 145 3 viruses virus NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 145 4 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 145 5 such such JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 145 6 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 145 7 rotavirus rotavirus NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 145 8 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 145 9 astrovirus astrovirus NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 145 10 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 145 11 can can MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 145 12 persist persist VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 145 13 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 145 14 around around RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 145 15 2 2 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 145 16 months month NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 145 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 145 18 42 42 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 145 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 145 20 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 146 1 Rotavirus rotavirus NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 146 2 is be VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 146 3 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 146 4 well well RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 146 5 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 146 6 known know VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 146 7 cause cause NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 146 8 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 146 9 gastrointestinal gastrointestinal JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 146 10 illness illness NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 146 11 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 146 12 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 146 13 especially especially RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 146 14 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 146 15 day day NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 146 16 care care NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 146 17 centers center NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 146 18 where where WRB cord-019027-6chba2ru 146 19 it -PRON- PRP cord-019027-6chba2ru 146 20 is be VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 146 21 spread spread VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 146 22 through through IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 146 23 contamination contamination NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 146 24 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 146 25 toys toy NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 146 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 146 27 36 36 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 146 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 146 29 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 147 1 Norovirus norovirus NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 147 2 has have VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 147 3 been be VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 147 4 shown show VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 147 5 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 147 6 several several JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 147 7 studies study NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 147 8 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 147 9 be be VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 147 10 consistently consistently RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 147 11 transferred transfer VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 147 12 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 147 13 frequently frequently RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 147 14 touched touch VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 147 15 sites site NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 147 16 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 147 17 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 147 18 hospital hospital NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 147 19 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 147 20 such such JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 147 21 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 147 22 door door NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 147 23 handles handle NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 147 24 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 147 25 telephones telephone NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 147 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 147 27 24 24 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 147 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 147 29 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 148 1 Closure closure NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 148 2 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 148 3 units unit NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 148 4 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 148 5 deep deep JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 148 6 environmental environmental JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 148 7 cleaning cleaning NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 148 8 similar similar JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 148 9 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 148 10 scope scope NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 148 11 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 148 12 time time NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 148 13 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 148 14 expense expense NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 148 15 seen see VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 148 16 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 148 17 MDR MDR NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 148 18 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 148 19 Gram Gram NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 148 20 negative negative JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 148 21 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 148 22 are be VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 148 23 often often RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 148 24 needed need VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 148 25 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 148 26 control control VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 148 27 Norovirus norovirus JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 148 28 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 148 29 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 148 30 hospitals hospital NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 148 31 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 1 In in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 2 summary summary NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 3 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 4 since since IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 5 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 6 seminal seminal JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 7 paper paper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 8 by by IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 9 Weinstein Weinstein NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 10 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 11 1991 1991 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 12 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 13 substantial substantial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 14 evidence evidence NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 15 implicating implicate VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 16 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 17 environment environment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 18 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 19 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 20 continuous continuous JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 21 source source NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 22 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 23 risk risk NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 24 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 25 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 26 acquisition acquisition NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 27 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 28 HAI HAI NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 29 has have VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 30 accumulated accumulate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 31 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 32 such such PDT cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 33 an an DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 34 extent extent NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 35 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 36 there there EX cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 37 now now RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 38 exists exist VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 39 significant significant JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 40 interest interest NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 41 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 42 learning learn VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 43 how how WRB cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 44 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 45 manage manage VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 46 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 47 provide provide VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 48 best good JJS cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 49 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 50 practice practice NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 51 applications application NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 52 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 53 infection infection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 54 control control NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 55 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 56 hospitals hospital NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 57 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 58 8 8 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 59 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 60 12 12 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 61 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 62 13 13 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 63 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 64 15 15 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 65 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 149 66 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 150 1 Evident evident JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 150 2 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 150 3 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 150 4 previous previous JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 150 5 discussion discussion NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 150 6 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 150 7 microbes microbe NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 150 8 have have VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 150 9 an an DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 150 10 intrinsic intrinsic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 150 11 ability ability NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 150 12 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 150 13 survive survive VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 150 14 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 150 15 ultimately ultimately RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 150 16 colonize colonize VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 150 17 common common JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 150 18 touch touch NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 150 19 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 150 20 where where WRB cord-019027-6chba2ru 150 21 acquisition acquisition NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 150 22 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 150 23 transport transport NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 150 24 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 150 25 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 150 26 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 150 27 humans human NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 150 28 is be VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 150 29 common common JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 150 30 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 151 1 Healthcare healthcare NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 151 2 workers worker NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 151 3 have have VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 151 4 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 151 5 potential potential NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 151 6 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 151 7 transfer transfer VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 151 8 these these DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 151 9 microbiological microbiological JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 151 10 contaminants contaminant NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 151 11 not not RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 151 12 only only RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 151 13 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 151 14 patient patient NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 151 15 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 151 16 patient patient JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 151 17 but but CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 151 18 amongst amongst IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 151 19 themselves -PRON- PRP cord-019027-6chba2ru 151 20 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 151 21 back back RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 151 22 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 151 23 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 151 24 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 151 25 refreshing refresh VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 151 26 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 151 27 adding add VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 151 28 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 151 29 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 151 30 complexity complexity NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 151 31 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 151 32 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 151 33 microbial microbial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 151 34 reservoir reservoir NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 151 35 involved involve VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 151 36 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 151 37 transmission transmission NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 151 38 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 152 1 There there EX cord-019027-6chba2ru 152 2 have have VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 152 3 been be VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 152 4 many many JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 152 5 studies study NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 152 6 looking look VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 152 7 at at IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 152 8 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 152 9 control control NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 152 10 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 152 11 contamination contamination NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 152 12 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 152 13 common common JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 152 14 hospital hospital NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 152 15 touch touch NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 152 16 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 152 17 both both CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 152 18 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 152 19 hand hand NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 152 20 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 152 21 surface surface VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 152 22 contact contact NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 152 23 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 152 24 vice vice NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 152 25 versa versa RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 152 26 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 153 1 Investigators investigator NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 153 2 have have VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 153 3 shown show VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 153 4 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 153 5 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 153 6 gloves glove NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 153 7 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 153 8 nurses nurse NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 153 9 frequently frequently RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 153 10 collected collect VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 153 11 viable viable JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 153 12 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 153 13 after after IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 153 14 touching touch VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 153 15 inanimate inanimate JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 153 16 objects object NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 153 17 near near IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 153 18 colonized colonize VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 153 19 patients patient NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 153 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 153 21 16 16 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 153 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 153 23 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 154 1 In in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 154 2 concert concert NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 154 3 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 154 4 aggressive aggressive JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 154 5 hand hand NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 154 6 hygiene hygiene NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 154 7 campaigns campaign NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 154 8 recent recent JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 154 9 hygiene hygiene NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 154 10 guidelines guideline NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 154 11 specifically specifically RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 154 12 recommend recommend VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 154 13 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 154 14 particular particular JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 154 15 attention attention NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 154 16 be be VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 154 17 paid pay VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 154 18 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 154 19 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 154 20 disinfection disinfection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 154 21 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 154 22 patient patient NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 154 23 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 154 24 care care NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 154 25 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 154 26 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 154 27 especially especially RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 154 28 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 154 29 designated designate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 154 30 " " `` cord-019027-6chba2ru 154 31 high high JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 154 32 touch touch NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 154 33 objects object NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 154 34 " " '' cord-019027-6chba2ru 154 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 154 36 HTOs HTOs NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 154 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 154 38 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 154 39 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 154 40 target target NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 154 41 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 154 42 infection infection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 154 43 prevention prevention NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 154 44 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 154 45 control control NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 154 46 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 154 47 78 78 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 154 48 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 154 49 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 155 1 The the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 155 2 guidelines guideline NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 155 3 note note VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 155 4 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 155 5 such such JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 155 6 objects object NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 155 7 could could MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 155 8 potentially potentially RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 155 9 contribute contribute VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 155 10 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 155 11 secondary secondary JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 155 12 transmission transmission NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 155 13 by by IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 155 14 contaminating contaminate VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 155 15 hands hand NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 155 16 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 155 17 healthcare healthcare NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 155 18 workers worker NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 155 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 155 20 HCWs HCWs NNPS cord-019027-6chba2ru 155 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 155 22 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 155 23 by by IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 155 24 contacting contact VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 155 25 medical medical JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 155 26 equipment equipment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 155 27 that that WDT cord-019027-6chba2ru 155 28 subsequently subsequently RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 155 29 contacts contact VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 155 30 patients patient NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 155 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 155 32 8 8 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 155 33 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 155 34 29 29 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 155 35 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 155 36 64 64 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 155 37 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 155 38 67 67 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 155 39 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 155 40 72 72 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 155 41 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 155 42 73 73 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 155 43 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 155 44 90 90 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 155 45 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 155 46 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 156 1 Routine routine JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 156 2 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 156 3 daily daily JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 156 4 cleaning cleaning NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 156 5 coupled couple VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 156 6 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 156 7 cleaning clean VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 156 8 immediately immediately RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 156 9 after after IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 156 10 patient patient JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 156 11 discharge discharge NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 156 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 156 13 terminal terminal JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 156 14 cleaning cleaning NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 156 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 156 16 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 156 17 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 156 18 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 156 19 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 156 20 objects object NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 156 21 within within IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 156 22 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 156 23 room room NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 156 24 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 156 25 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 156 26 application application NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 156 27 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 156 28 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 156 29 hospital hospital NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 156 30 grade grade NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 156 31 disinfectant disinfectant NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 156 32 has have VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 156 33 been be VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 156 34 an an DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 156 35 accepted accept VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 156 36 method method NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 156 37 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 156 38 controlling control VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 156 39 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 156 40 limiting limit VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 156 41 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 156 42 spread spread NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 156 43 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 156 44 infectious infectious JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 156 45 agents agent NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 156 46 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 156 47 68 68 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 156 48 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 156 49 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 157 1 A a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 157 2 concentration concentration NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 157 3 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 157 4 between between IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 157 5 2.5 2.5 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 157 6 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 157 7 5 5 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 157 8 aerobic aerobic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 157 9 CFU cfu NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 157 10 per per IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 157 11 square square JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 157 12 centimeter centimeter NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 157 13 has have VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 157 14 been be VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 157 15 proposed propose VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 157 16 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 157 17 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 157 18 benchmark benchmark NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 157 19 where where WRB cord-019027-6chba2ru 157 20 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 157 21 levels level NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 157 22 below below IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 157 23 this this DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 157 24 value value NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 157 25 are be VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 157 26 considered consider VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 157 27 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 157 28 represent represent VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 157 29 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 157 30 minimum minimum NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 157 31 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 157 32 risk risk NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 157 33 while while IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 157 34 concentrations concentration NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 157 35 greater great JJR cord-019027-6chba2ru 157 36 are be VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 157 37 suggestive suggestive JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 157 38 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 157 39 an an DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 157 40 increased increase VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 157 41 risk risk NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 157 42 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 157 43 HAI HAI NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 157 44 acquisition acquisition NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 157 45 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 157 46 22 22 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 157 47 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 157 48 44 44 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 157 49 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 157 50 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 158 1 No no DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 158 2 touch touch JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 158 3 solutions solution NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 158 4 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 158 5 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 158 6 disinfection disinfection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 158 7 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 158 8 at at IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 158 9 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 158 10 risk risk NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 158 11 environments environment NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 158 12 within within IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 158 13 healthcare healthcare NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 158 14 settings setting NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 158 15 are be VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 158 16 quickly quickly RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 158 17 gaining gain VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 158 18 acceptance acceptance NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 158 19 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 158 20 technologies technology NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 158 21 that that WDT cord-019027-6chba2ru 158 22 have have VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 158 23 been be VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 158 24 found find VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 158 25 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 158 26 be be VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 158 27 an an DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 158 28 effective effective JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 158 29 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 158 30 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 158 31 addition addition NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 158 32 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 158 33 systems system NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 158 34 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 158 35 based base VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 158 36 solutions solution NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 158 37 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 158 38 infection infection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 158 39 control control NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 158 40 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 1 The the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 2 technologies technology NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 3 have have VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 4 been be VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 5 studied study VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 6 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 7 concert concert NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 8 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 9 aggressive aggressive JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 10 hand hand NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 11 hygiene hygiene NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 12 campaigns campaign NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 13 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 14 appropriate appropriate VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 15 routine routine JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 16 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 17 terminal terminal JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 18 cleaning cleaning NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 19 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 20 patient patient JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 21 care care NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 22 environments environment NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 23 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 24 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 25 an an DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 26 active active JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 27 surveillance surveillance NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 28 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 29 isolation isolation NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 30 protocol protocol NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 31 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 32 patients patient NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 33 entering enter VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 34 care care NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 35 who who WP cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 36 are be VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 37 already already RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 38 colonized colonize VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 39 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 40 VRE VRE NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 41 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 42 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 43 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 44 C. C. NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 45 difficile difficile NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 46 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 47 other other JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 48 multi multi JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 49 - - JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 50 drug drug JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 51 resistant resistant JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 52 microbes microbe NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 53 such such JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 54 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 55 Klebsiella Klebsiella NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 56 pneumoniae pneumoniae NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 57 carbapenemase carbapenemase NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 58 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 59 KPC KPC NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 60 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 159 61 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 160 1 As as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 160 2 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 160 3 consequence consequence NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 160 4 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 160 5 this this DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 160 6 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 160 7 one one CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 160 8 is be VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 160 9 left leave VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 160 10 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 160 11 wonder wonder VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 160 12 whether whether IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 160 13 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 160 14 not not RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 160 15 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 160 16 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 160 17 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 160 18 is be VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 160 19 providing provide VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 160 20 an an DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 160 21 additive additive NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 160 22 effect effect NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 160 23 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 160 24 whether whether IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 160 25 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 160 26 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 160 27 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 160 28 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 160 29 these these DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 160 30 ' ' `` cord-019027-6chba2ru 160 31 no no DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 160 32 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 160 33 touch touch NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 160 34 technologies technology NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 160 35 ' ' '' cord-019027-6chba2ru 160 36 are be VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 160 37 acting act VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 160 38 synergistically synergistically RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 160 39 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 161 1 As as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 161 2 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 161 3 name name NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 161 4 suggests suggest VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 161 5 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 161 6 no no DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 161 7 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 161 8 touch touch NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 161 9 technologies technology NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 161 10 do do VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 161 11 not not RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 161 12 come come VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 161 13 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 161 14 direct direct JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 161 15 contact contact NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 161 16 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 161 17 colonized colonize VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 161 18 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 161 19 contaminated contaminate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 161 20 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 161 21 soiled soil VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 161 22 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 161 23 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 162 1 Rather rather RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 162 2 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 162 3 they -PRON- PRP cord-019027-6chba2ru 162 4 distribute distribute VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 162 5 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-019027-6chba2ru 162 6 microbiocidal microbiocidal JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 162 7 activity activity NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 162 8 through through IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 162 9 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 162 10 atmosphere atmosphere NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 162 11 by by IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 162 12 either either CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 162 13 delivering deliver VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 162 14 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 162 15 lethal lethal JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 162 16 concentration concentration NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 162 17 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 162 18 electromagnetic electromagnetic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 162 19 energy energy NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 162 20 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 162 21 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 162 22 ultraviolet ultraviolet JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 162 23 spectrum spectrum NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 162 24 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 162 25 by by IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 162 26 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 162 27 real real JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 162 28 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 162 29 time time NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 162 30 distribution distribution NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 162 31 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 162 32 reactive reactive JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 162 33 oxygen oxygen NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 162 34 species specie NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 162 35 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 162 36 such such JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 162 37 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 162 38 hydrogen hydrogen NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 162 39 peroxide peroxide NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 162 40 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 162 41 singlet singlet NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 162 42 oxygen oxygen NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 162 43 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 162 44 hydroxyl hydroxyl NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 162 45 radical radical JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 162 46 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 162 47 oxyanions oxyanion NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 162 48 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 163 1 In in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 163 2 general general JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 163 3 both both DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 163 4 systems system NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 163 5 have have VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 163 6 been be VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 163 7 found find VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 163 8 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 163 9 effectively effectively RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 163 10 reduce reduce VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 163 11 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 163 12 concentration concentration NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 163 13 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 163 14 microbes microbe NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 163 15 by by IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 163 16 at at RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 163 17 least least JJS cord-019027-6chba2ru 163 18 4 4 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 163 19 logs log VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 163 20 10 10 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 163 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 163 22 34 34 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 163 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 163 24 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 164 1 Both both DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 164 2 systems system NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 164 3 have have VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 164 4 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-019027-6chba2ru 164 5 limitations limitation NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 164 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 164 7 See see VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 164 8 Chap Chap NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 164 9 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 164 10 9 9 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 164 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 164 12 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 165 1 Each each DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 165 2 requires require VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 165 3 skilled skilled JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 165 4 labor labor NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 165 5 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 165 6 place place VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 165 7 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 165 8 equipment equipment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 165 9 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 165 10 commence commence VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 165 11 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 165 12 disinfection disinfection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 165 13 cycle cycle NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 165 14 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 165 15 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 165 16 location location NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 165 17 subjected subject VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 165 18 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 165 19 disinfection disinfection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 165 20 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 166 1 The the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 166 2 disinfection disinfection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 166 3 reach reach NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 166 4 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 166 5 ultraviolet ultraviolet JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 166 6 light light NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 166 7 is be VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 166 8 subject subject JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 166 9 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 166 10 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 166 11 effects effect NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 166 12 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 166 13 shadowing shadow VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 166 14 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 166 15 ' ' `` cord-019027-6chba2ru 166 16 cornering cornering NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 166 17 ' ' '' cord-019027-6chba2ru 166 18 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 167 1 This this DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 167 2 typically typically RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 167 3 requires require VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 167 4 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 167 5 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 167 6 equipment equipment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 167 7 be be VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 167 8 placed place VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 167 9 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 167 10 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 167 11 center center NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 167 12 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 167 13 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 167 14 room room NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 167 15 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 167 16 insure insure VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 167 17 uninform uninform JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 167 18 distribution distribution NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 167 19 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 167 20 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 167 21 lethal lethal JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 167 22 ultraviolet ultraviolet NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 167 23 energy energy NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 167 24 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 168 1 Additionally additionally RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 168 2 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 168 3 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 168 4 room room NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 168 5 must must MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 168 6 be be VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 168 7 vacant vacant JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 168 8 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 168 9 any any DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 168 10 associated associated JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 168 11 ultraviolet ultraviolet NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 168 12 energy energy NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 168 13 need need NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 168 14 be be VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 168 15 prevented prevent VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 168 16 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 168 17 leaking leak VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 168 18 into into IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 168 19 areas area NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 168 20 occupied occupy VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 168 21 by by IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 168 22 people people NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 168 23 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 168 24 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 168 25 ultraviolet ultraviolet NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 168 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 168 27 UV uv NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 168 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 168 29 light light JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 168 30 energy energy NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 168 31 can can MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 168 32 damage damage VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 168 33 eyesight eyesight NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 168 34 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 168 35 result result VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 168 36 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 168 37 skin skin NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 168 38 burns burn NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 168 39 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 169 1 The the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 169 2 energy energy NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 169 3 can can MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 169 4 also also RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 169 5 shorten shorten VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 169 6 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 169 7 life life NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 169 8 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 169 9 equipment equipment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 169 10 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 169 11 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 169 12 room room NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 169 13 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 169 14 routine routine JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 169 15 exposure exposure NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 169 16 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 169 17 UV uv NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 169 18 light light NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 169 19 can can MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 169 20 accelerate accelerate VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 169 21 decay decay NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 169 22 by by IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 169 23 increasing increase VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 169 24 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 169 25 brittleness brittleness NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 169 26 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 169 27 many many JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 169 28 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 169 29 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 169 30 plastics plastic NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 169 31 used use VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 169 32 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 169 33 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 169 34 fabrication fabrication NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 169 35 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 169 36 healthcare healthcare NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 169 37 associated associate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 169 38 equipment equipment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 169 39 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 170 1 The the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 170 2 use use NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 170 3 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 170 4 an an DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 170 5 automated automated JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 170 6 UV uv NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 170 7 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 170 8 C c NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 170 9 light light NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 170 10 emitting emit VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 170 11 system system NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 170 12 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 170 13 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 170 14 inactivation inactivation NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 170 15 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 170 16 VRE VRE NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 170 17 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 170 18 C. C. NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 170 19 difficile difficile NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 170 20 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 170 21 species specie NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 170 22 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 170 23 Acinetobacter Acinetobacter NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 170 24 has have VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 170 25 been be VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 170 26 found find VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 170 27 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 170 28 be be VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 170 29 effective effective JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 170 30 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 170 31 debulking debulke VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 170 32 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 170 33 built build VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 170 34 environment environment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 170 35 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 170 36 these these DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 170 37 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 170 38 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 171 1 In in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 171 2 one one CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 171 3 study study NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 171 4 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 171 5 employing employ VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 171 6 an an DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 171 7 automated automate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 171 8 emitter emitter NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 171 9 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 171 10 two two CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 171 11 hospitals hospital NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 171 12 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 171 13 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 171 14 concentrations concentration NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 171 15 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 171 16 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 171 17 were be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 171 18 reduced reduce VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 171 19 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 171 20 all all DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 171 21 9 9 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 171 22 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 171 23 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 171 24 environmental environmental JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 171 25 sites site NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 171 26 tested test VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 171 27 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 171 28 occurred occur VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 171 29 regardless regardless RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 171 30 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 171 31 whether whether IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 171 32 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 171 33 sampled sample VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 171 34 location location NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 171 35 was be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 171 36 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 171 37 direct direct JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 171 38 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 171 39 indirect indirect JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 171 40 line line NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 171 41 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 171 42 sight sight NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 171 43 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 171 44 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 171 45 UV uv NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 171 46 source source NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 171 47 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 171 48 3 3 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 171 49 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 171 50 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 172 1 Further further RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 172 2 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 172 3 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 172 4 extent extent NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 172 5 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 172 6 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 172 7 reduction reduction NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 172 8 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 172 9 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 172 10 microbial microbial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 172 11 burden burden NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 172 12 was be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 172 13 found find VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 172 14 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 172 15 be be VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 172 16 significant significant JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 172 17 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 172 18 VRE VRE NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 172 19 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 172 20 C. C. NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 172 21 difficile difficile NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 173 1 but but CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 173 2 not not RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 173 3 Acinetobacter Acinetobacter NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 173 4 spp spp NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 173 5 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 174 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 174 2 3 3 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 174 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 174 4 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 175 1 However however RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 175 2 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 175 3 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 175 4 data datum NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 175 5 were be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 175 6 sufficiently sufficiently RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 175 7 compelling compelling JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 175 8 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 175 9 lead lead VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 175 10 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 175 11 authors author NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 175 12 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 175 13 conclude conclude VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 175 14 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 175 15 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 175 16 use use NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 175 17 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 175 18 an an DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 175 19 automated automated JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 175 20 UV uv NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 175 21 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 175 22 C c NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 175 23 no no DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 175 24 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 175 25 touch touch NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 175 26 disinfection disinfection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 175 27 device device NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 175 28 can can MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 175 29 lead lead VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 175 30 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 175 31 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 175 32 decrease decrease NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 175 33 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 175 34 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 175 35 bioburden bioburden JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 175 36 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 175 37 important important JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 175 38 nosocomial nosocomial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 175 39 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 175 40 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 175 41 ' ' `` cord-019027-6chba2ru 175 42 real real JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 175 43 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 175 44 world world NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 175 45 ' ' '' cord-019027-6chba2ru 175 46 active active JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 175 47 clinical clinical JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 175 48 environments environment NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 175 49 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 175 50 3 3 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 175 51 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 175 52 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 176 1 Another another DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 176 2 multi multi JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 176 3 - - JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 176 4 hospital hospital JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 176 5 intervention intervention NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 176 6 used use VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 176 7 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 176 8 pulsed pulse VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 176 9 xenon xenon NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 176 10 based base VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 176 11 UV uv NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 176 12 delivery delivery NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 176 13 mechanism mechanism NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 176 14 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 176 15 concert concert NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 176 16 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 176 17 screening screening NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 176 18 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 176 19 hand hand NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 176 20 hygiene hygiene NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 176 21 education education NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 176 22 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 176 23 together together RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 176 24 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 176 25 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 176 26 three three CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 176 27 were be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 176 28 able able JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 176 29 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 176 30 significantly significantly RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 176 31 reduce reduce VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 176 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 176 33 56 56 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 176 34 % % NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 176 35 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 176 36 p p NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 176 37 ¼ ¼ CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 176 38 0.001 0.001 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 176 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 177 1 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 177 2 incidence incidence NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 177 3 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 177 4 hospital hospital NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 177 5 associated associate VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 177 6 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 177 7 infections infection NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 177 8 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 177 9 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 177 10 study study NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 177 11 population population NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 177 12 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 177 13 82 82 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 177 14 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 177 15 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 178 1 Given give VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 178 2 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 178 3 this this DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 178 4 was be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 178 5 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 178 6 bundled bundle VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 178 7 intervention intervention NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 178 8 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 178 9 contribution contribution NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 178 10 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 178 11 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 178 12 individual individual JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 178 13 components component NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 178 14 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 178 15 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 178 16 bundle bundle NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 178 17 can can MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 178 18 not not RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 178 19 be be VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 178 20 discerned discern VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 178 21 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 179 1 However however RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 179 2 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 179 3 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 179 4 data datum NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 179 5 do do VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 179 6 reinforce reinforce VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 179 7 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 179 8 common common JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 179 9 belief belief NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 179 10 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 179 11 any any DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 179 12 effective effective JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 179 13 infection infection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 179 14 control control NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 179 15 program program NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 179 16 requires require VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 179 17 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 179 18 systematic systematic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 179 19 approach approach NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 179 20 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 179 21 order order NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 179 22 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 179 23 be be VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 179 24 effective effective JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 179 25 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 180 1 As as RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 180 2 early early RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 180 3 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 180 4 1990 1990 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 180 5 vapor vapor NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 180 6 phase phase NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 180 7 hydrogen hydrogen NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 180 8 peroxide peroxide NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 180 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 180 10 HPV HPV NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 180 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 180 12 has have VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 180 13 been be VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 180 14 advocated advocate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 180 15 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 180 16 an an DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 180 17 effective effective JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 180 18 surface surface NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 180 19 decontaminant decontaminant JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 180 20 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 180 21 sterilant sterilant JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 180 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 180 23 40 40 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 180 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 180 25 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 181 1 In in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 181 2 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 181 3 intervening intervene VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 181 4 years year NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 181 5 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 181 6 number number NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 181 7 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 181 8 devices device NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 181 9 have have VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 181 10 been be VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 181 11 developed develop VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 181 12 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 181 13 deploy deploy VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 181 14 this this DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 181 15 disinfectant disinfectant NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 181 16 / / SYM cord-019027-6chba2ru 181 17 sterilant sterilant NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 181 18 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 181 19 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 181 20 vapor vapor NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 181 21 into into IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 181 22 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 181 23 built build VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 181 24 clinical clinical JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 181 25 environment environment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 181 26 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 182 1 In in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 182 2 one one CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 182 3 study study NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 182 4 conducted conduct VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 182 5 by by IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 182 6 Passaretti Passaretti NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 182 7 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 182 8 others other NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 182 9 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 182 10 an an DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 182 11 evaluation evaluation NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 182 12 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 182 13 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 182 14 environmental environmental JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 182 15 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 182 16 clinical clinical JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 182 17 impact impact NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 182 18 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 182 19 this this DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 182 20 no no DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 182 21 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 182 22 touch touch NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 182 23 technology technology NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 182 24 was be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 182 25 assessed assess VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 182 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 182 27 59 59 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 182 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 182 29 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 1 In in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 2 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 3 30 30 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 4 month month NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 5 prospective prospective JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 6 cohort cohort NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 7 intervention intervention NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 8 trial trial NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 9 involving involve VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 10 6 6 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 11 high high JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 12 risk risk NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 13 units unit NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 14 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 15 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 16 994 994 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 17 bed bed NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 18 tertiary tertiary JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 19 care care NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 20 hospital hospital NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 21 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 22 they -PRON- PRP cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 23 learned learn VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 24 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 25 patients patient NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 26 admitted admit VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 27 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 28 rooms room NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 29 decontaminated decontaminate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 30 using use VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 31 HPV HPV NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 32 were be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 33 64 64 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 34 % % NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 35 less less RBR cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 36 likely likely JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 38 p p NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 39 < < XX cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 40 0.001 0.001 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 42 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 43 acquire acquire VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 44 any any DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 45 multidrug multidrug NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 46 resistant resistant JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 47 microbe microbe NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 48 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 49 80 80 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 50 % % NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 51 less less RBR cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 52 likely likely JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 53 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 54 acquire acquire VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 55 VRE VRE NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 56 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 57 p p NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 58 < < XX cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 59 0.001 0.001 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 60 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 61 after after IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 62 adjusting adjust VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 63 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 64 other other JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 65 factors factor NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 66 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 67 59 59 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 68 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 183 69 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 1 Again again RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 2 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 3 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 4 complexity complexity NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 5 inherent inherent JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 6 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 7 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 8 transmission transmission NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 9 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 10 distribution distribution NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 11 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 12 microbes microbe NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 13 within within IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 14 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 15 built build VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 16 environment environment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 17 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 18 coupled couple VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 19 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 20 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 21 stochastic stochastic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 22 nature nature NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 23 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 24 care care NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 25 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 26 well well RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 27 illustrates illustrate VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 28 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 29 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 30 risk risk NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 31 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 32 acquiring acquire VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 33 C. C. NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 34 difficile difficile NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 35 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 36 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 37 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 38 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 39 multidrug multidrug NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 40 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 41 resistant resistant JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 42 Gram gram NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 43 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 44 negative negative JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 45 rods rod NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 46 were be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 47 reduced reduce VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 48 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 49 but but CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 50 failed fail VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 51 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 52 reach reach VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 53 significance significance NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 184 54 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 185 1 However however RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 185 2 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 185 3 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 185 4 spite spite NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 185 5 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 185 6 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 185 7 failure failure NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 185 8 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 185 9 reach reach VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 185 10 significance significance NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 185 11 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 185 12 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 185 13 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 185 14 this this DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 185 15 no no DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 185 16 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 185 17 touch touch NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 185 18 infection infection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 185 19 control control NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 185 20 solution solution NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 185 21 was be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 185 22 able able JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 185 23 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 185 24 significantly significantly RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 185 25 alter alter VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 185 26 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 185 27 proportion proportion NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 185 28 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 185 29 rooms room NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 185 30 environmentally environmentally RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 185 31 contaminated contaminate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 185 32 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 185 33 MDRs mdr NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 185 34 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 1 Here here RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 2 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 3 concentration concentration NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 4 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 5 MDRs mdr NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 6 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 7 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 8 HPV HPV NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 9 treated treat VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 10 units unit NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 11 were be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 12 significantly significantly RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 13 reduced reduce VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 15 relative relative JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 16 risk risk NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 17 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 18 0.65 0.65 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 19 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 20 p p NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 21 ¼ ¼ CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 22 0.03 0.03 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 24 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 25 but but CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 26 not not RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 27 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 28 non non JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 29 - - JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 30 HPV hpv JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 31 treated treat VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 32 units unit NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 33 leading lead VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 34 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 35 authors author NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 36 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 37 conclude conclude VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 38 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 39 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 40 use use NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 41 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 42 HPV HPV NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 43 can can MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 44 reduce reduce VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 45 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 46 risk risk NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 47 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 48 acquiring acquire VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 49 MDRs mdr NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 50 compared compare VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 51 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 52 standard standard JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 53 cleaning cleaning NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 54 protocols protocol NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 55 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 56 59 59 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 57 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 186 58 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 187 1 In in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 187 2 spite spite NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 187 3 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 187 4 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 187 5 success success NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 187 6 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 187 7 here here RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 187 8 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 187 9 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 187 10 other other JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 187 11 studies study NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 187 12 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 187 13 14 14 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 187 14 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 187 15 21 21 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 187 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 187 17 vaporphase vaporphase NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 187 18 disinfection disinfection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 187 19 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 187 20 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 187 21 built build VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 187 22 environment environment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 187 23 has have VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 187 24 limitations limitation NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 187 25 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 187 26 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 187 27 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 187 28 ventilation ventilation NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 187 29 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 187 30 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 187 31 room room NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 187 32 must must MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 187 33 be be VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 187 34 controlled control VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 187 35 / / SYM cord-019027-6chba2ru 187 36 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 187 37 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 187 38 limited limit VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 187 39 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 187 40 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 187 41 duration duration NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 187 42 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 187 43 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 187 44 disinfection disinfection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 187 45 cycle cycle NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 187 46 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 188 1 This this DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 188 2 time time NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 188 3 can can MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 188 4 vary vary VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 188 5 depending depend VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 188 6 upon upon IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 188 7 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 188 8 concentration concentration NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 188 9 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 188 10 peroxide peroxide NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 188 11 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 188 12 disinfecting disinfecting NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 188 13 gas gas NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 188 14 used use VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 188 15 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 189 1 These these DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 189 2 two two CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 189 3 technologies technology NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 189 4 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 189 5 HPV hpv NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 189 6 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 189 7 UV uv NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 189 8 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 189 9 have have VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 189 10 been be VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 189 11 found find VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 189 12 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 189 13 be be VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 189 14 effective effective JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 189 15 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 189 16 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 189 17 disinfection disinfection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 189 18 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 189 19 inanimate inanimate JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 189 20 objects object NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 189 21 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 189 22 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 189 23 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 190 1 However however RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 190 2 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 190 3 neither neither DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 190 4 technology technology NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 190 5 is be VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 190 6 intended intend VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 190 7 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 190 8 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 190 9 substitute substitute NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 190 10 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 190 11 cleaning cleaning NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 190 12 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 190 13 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 190 14 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 190 15 removal removal NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 190 16 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 190 17 soil soil NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 190 18 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 190 19 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 190 20 resident resident JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 190 21 objects object NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 190 22 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 190 23 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 190 24 within within IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 190 25 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 190 26 built build VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 190 27 patient patient NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 190 28 care care NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 190 29 environment environment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 190 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 190 31 see see VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 190 32 also also RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 190 33 Chap Chap NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 190 34 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 190 35 9 9 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 190 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 190 37 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 191 1 An an DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 191 2 appropriately appropriately RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 191 3 trained train VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 191 4 environmental environmental JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 191 5 service service NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 191 6 team team NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 191 7 must must MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 191 8 accomplish accomplish VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 191 9 cleaning clean VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 191 10 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 191 11 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 191 12 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 191 13 disinfection disinfection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 191 14 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 191 15 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 191 16 built build VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 191 17 environment environment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 191 18 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 192 1 Recently recently RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 192 2 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 192 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-019027-6chba2ru 192 4 have have VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 192 5 begun begin VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 192 6 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 192 7 witness witness VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 192 8 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 192 9 incorporation incorporation NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 192 10 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 192 11 another another DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 192 12 ' ' `` cord-019027-6chba2ru 192 13 no no DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 192 14 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 192 15 touch touch NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 192 16 ' ' '' cord-019027-6chba2ru 192 17 technology technology NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 192 18 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 193 1 However however RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 193 2 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 193 3 unlike unlike IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 193 4 UV uv NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 193 5 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 193 6 vapor vapor NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 193 7 phase phase NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 193 8 oxygen oxygen NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 193 9 radicals radical NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 193 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 193 11 H h NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 193 12 2 2 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 193 13 O o NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 193 14 2 2 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 193 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 193 16 that that WDT cord-019027-6chba2ru 193 17 distribute distribute VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 193 18 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-019027-6chba2ru 193 19 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 193 20 activity activity NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 193 21 through through IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 193 22 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 193 23 atmosphere atmosphere NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 193 24 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 193 25 this this DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 193 26 technology technology NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 193 27 requires require VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 193 28 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 193 29 microbe microbe NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 193 30 come come VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 193 31 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 193 32 contact contact NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 193 33 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 193 34 be be VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 193 35 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 193 36 close close JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 193 37 proximity proximity NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 193 38 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 193 39 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 193 40 material material NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 193 41 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 193 42 order order NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 193 43 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 193 44 facilitate facilitate VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 193 45 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-019027-6chba2ru 193 46 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 193 47 activity activity NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 193 48 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 194 1 In in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 194 2 contrast contrast NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 194 3 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 194 4 UV uv NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 194 5 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 194 6 HVP HVP NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 194 7 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 194 8 once once RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 194 9 placed place VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 194 10 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 194 11 this this DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 194 12 no no DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 194 13 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 194 14 touch touch NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 194 15 system system NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 194 16 simply simply RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 194 17 requires require VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 194 18 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 194 19 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 194 20 fugitive fugitive JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 194 21 microbe microbe NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 194 22 come come VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 194 23 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 194 24 contact contact NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 194 25 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 194 26 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 194 27 surface surface NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 194 28 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 194 29 order order NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 194 30 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 194 31 effect effect VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 194 32 disinfection disinfection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 194 33 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 195 1 Thus thus RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 195 2 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 195 3 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 195 4 inactivation inactivation NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 195 5 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 195 6 killing killing NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 195 7 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 195 8 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 195 9 microbe microbe NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 195 10 does do VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 195 11 not not RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 195 12 require require VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 195 13 any any DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 195 14 user user NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 195 15 intervention intervention NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 195 16 once once RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 195 17 deployed deploy VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 195 18 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 196 1 One one CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 196 2 such such JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 196 3 example example NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 196 4 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 196 5 this this DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 196 6 type type NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 196 7 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 196 8 no no DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 196 9 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 196 10 touch touch NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 196 11 technology technology NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 196 12 is be VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 196 13 solid solid JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 196 14 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 196 15 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 196 16 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 197 1 The the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 197 2 resident resident JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 197 3 microbial microbial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 197 4 burden burden NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 197 5 associated associate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 197 6 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 197 7 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 197 8 built build VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 197 9 environment environment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 197 10 is be VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 197 11 continuously continuously RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 197 12 reduced reduce VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 197 13 through through IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 197 14 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 197 15 strategic strategic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 197 16 placement placement NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 197 17 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 197 18 solid solid JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 197 19 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 197 20 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 197 21 onto onto IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 197 22 critical critical JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 197 23 high high JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 197 24 touch touch NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 197 25 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 197 26 within within IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 197 27 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 197 28 patient patient NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 197 29 care care NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 197 30 setting set VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 197 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 197 32 75 75 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 197 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 197 34 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 198 1 Copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 198 2 has have VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 198 3 been be VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 198 4 used use VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 198 5 by by IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 198 6 humans human NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 198 7 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 198 8 millennia millennium NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 198 9 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 198 10 first first RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 198 11 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 198 12 tools tool NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 198 13 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 198 14 then then RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 198 15 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 198 16 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 198 17 measure measure NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 198 18 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 198 19 fight fight VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 198 20 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 198 21 spread spread NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 198 22 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 198 23 infectious infectious JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 198 24 agents agent NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 198 25 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 199 1 Metallic metallic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 199 2 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 199 3 intrinsically intrinsically RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 199 4 displays display VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 199 5 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 199 6 strong strong JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 199 7 antibacterial antibacterial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 199 8 activity activity NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 199 9 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 199 10 aquatic aquatic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 199 11 systems system NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 199 12 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 199 13 2 2 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 199 14 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 199 15 38 38 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 199 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 199 17 as as RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 199 18 well well RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 199 19 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 199 20 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 199 21 dry dry JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 199 22 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 199 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 199 24 32 32 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 199 25 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 199 26 54 54 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 199 27 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 199 28 96 96 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 199 29 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 199 30 102 102 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 199 31 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 199 32 104 104 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 199 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 199 34 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 1 In in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 2 2008 2008 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 3 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 4 United United NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 5 States States NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 6 Environmental Environmental NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 7 Protection Protection NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 8 Agency Agency NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 10 EPA EPA NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 12 registered register VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 13 five five CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 14 families family NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 15 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 16 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 17 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 18 containing contain VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 19 alloys alloy NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 20 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 21 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 22 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 23 establishing establish VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 24 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 25 products product NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 26 manufactured manufacture VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 27 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 28 one one CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 29 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 30 these these DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 31 registered register VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 32 alloys alloy NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 33 can can MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 34 make make VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 35 public public JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 36 health health NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 37 claims claim NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 38 wherein wherein WRB cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 39 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 40 label label NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 41 indication indication NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 42 states state VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 43 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 44 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 45 alloys alloy NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 46 kill kill VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 47 greater great JJR cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 48 than than IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 49 99.9 99.9 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 50 % % NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 51 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 52 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 53 within within IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 54 2 2 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 55 h h NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 56 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 57 exposure exposure NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 58 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 59 87 87 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 60 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 200 61 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 201 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-019027-6chba2ru 201 2 is be VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 201 3 anticipated anticipate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 201 4 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 201 5 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 201 6 solid solid JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 201 7 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 201 8 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 201 9 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 201 10 will will MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 201 11 remain remain VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 201 12 microbiocidal microbiocidal JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 201 13 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 201 14 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 201 15 life life NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 201 16 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 201 17 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 201 18 product product NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 201 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 201 20 > > NFP cord-019027-6chba2ru 201 21 10 10 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 201 22 years year NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 201 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 201 24 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 202 1 A a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 202 2 variety variety NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 202 3 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 202 4 controlled control VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 202 5 studies study NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 202 6 have have VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 202 7 looked look VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 202 8 at at IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 202 9 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 202 10 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 202 11 activity activity NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 202 12 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 202 13 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 202 14 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 202 15 against against IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 202 16 specific specific JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 202 17 human human JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 202 18 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 202 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 202 20 54 54 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 202 21 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 202 22 63 63 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 202 23 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 202 24 92 92 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 202 25 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 202 26 98 98 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 202 27 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 202 28 102 102 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 202 29 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 202 30 104 104 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 202 31 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 202 32 105 105 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 202 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 202 34 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 203 1 In in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 203 2 fact fact NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 203 3 solid solid JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 203 4 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 203 5 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 203 6 have have VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 203 7 been be VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 203 8 found find VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 203 9 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 203 10 be be VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 203 11 microbicidal microbicidal JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 203 12 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 203 13 well well RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 203 14 over over IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 203 15 30 30 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 203 16 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 203 17 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 203 18 fungi fungus NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 203 19 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 203 20 viruses virus NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 203 21 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 204 1 Of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 204 2 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 204 3 microbes microbe NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 204 4 listed list VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 204 5 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 204 6 Table Table NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 204 7 4 4 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 204 8 .1 .1 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 204 9 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 204 10 five five CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 204 11 were be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 204 12 evaluated evaluate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 204 13 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 204 14 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 204 15 studies study NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 204 16 used use VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 204 17 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 204 18 grant grant VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 204 19 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 204 20 public public JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 204 21 health health NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 204 22 registration registration NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 204 23 by by IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 204 24 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 204 25 United United NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 204 26 States States NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 204 27 EPA EPA NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 204 28 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 205 1 The the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 205 2 public public JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 205 3 health health NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 205 4 claims claim NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 205 5 granted grant VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 205 6 illustrate illustrate VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 205 7 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 205 8 robust robust JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 205 9 nature nature NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 205 10 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 205 11 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 205 12 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 205 13 activity activity NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 205 14 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 1 Alloys alloy NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 2 granted grant VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 3 registration registration NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 4 contain contain VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 5 greater great JJR cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 6 than than IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 7 60 60 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 8 % % NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 9 metallic metallic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 10 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 11 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 12 were be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 13 found find VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 14 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 15 continuously continuously RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 16 kill kill VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 17 greater great JJR cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 18 than than IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 19 99.9 99.9 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 20 % % NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 21 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 22 Gram gram NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 23 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 24 negative negative JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 25 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 26 Grampositive Grampositive NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 27 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 28 within within IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 29 2 2 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 30 h h NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 31 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 32 exposure exposure NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 33 even even RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 34 after after IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 35 repeated repeat VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 36 contamination contamination NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 37 illustrating illustrate VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 38 how how WRB cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 39 solid solid JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 40 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 41 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 42 will will MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 43 inhibit inhibit VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 44 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 45 buildup buildup NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 46 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 47 microorganisms microorganism NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 48 between between IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 49 routine routine JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 50 cleaning cleaning NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 51 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 52 sanitizing sanitizing NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 53 steps step NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 206 54 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 207 1 The the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 207 2 public public JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 207 3 health health NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 207 4 claims claim NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 207 5 attributed attribute VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 207 6 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 207 7 solid solid JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 207 8 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 207 9 have have VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 207 10 been be VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 207 11 evaluated evaluate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 207 12 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 207 13 limit limit VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 207 14 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 207 15 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 207 16 burden burden NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 207 17 found find VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 207 18 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 207 19 commonly commonly RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 207 20 touched touch VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 207 21 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 207 22 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 207 23 objects object NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 207 24 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 207 25 active active JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 207 26 healthcare healthcare NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 207 27 environments environment NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 207 28 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 208 1 In in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 208 2 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 208 3 recent recent JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 208 4 hospital hospital NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 208 5 trial trial NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 208 6 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 208 7 reductions reduction NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 208 8 up up IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 208 9 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 208 10 one one CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 208 11 third third NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 208 12 were be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 208 13 recorded record VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 208 14 using use VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 208 15 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 208 16 alloys alloy NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 208 17 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 208 18 place place NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 208 19 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 208 20 plastic plastic NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 208 21 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 208 22 aluminum aluminum NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 208 23 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 208 24 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 208 25 light light JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 208 26 switches switch NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 208 27 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 208 28 door door NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 208 29 knobs knob NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 208 30 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 208 31 push push VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 208 32 plates plate NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 208 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 208 34 48 48 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 208 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 208 36 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 209 1 Casey Casey NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 209 2 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 209 3 others other NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 209 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 209 5 20 20 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 209 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 209 7 observed observe VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 209 8 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 209 9 median median JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 209 10 microbial microbial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 209 11 reduction reduction NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 209 12 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 209 13 between between IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 209 14 90 90 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 209 15 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 209 16 100 100 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 209 17 % % NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 209 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 209 19 log log VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 209 20 10 10 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 209 21 1.95 1.95 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 209 22 - - SYM cord-019027-6chba2ru 209 23 2.0 2.0 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 209 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 209 25 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 209 26 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 209 27 surfaced surface VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 209 28 push push NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 209 29 plates plate NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 209 30 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 209 31 faucet faucet NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 209 32 handles handle NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 209 33 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 209 34 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 209 35 toilet toilet NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 209 36 seats seat NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 209 37 while while IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 209 38 Schmidt Schmidt NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 209 39 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 209 40 colleagues colleague NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 209 41 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 209 42 significantly significantly RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 209 43 lower low JJR cord-019027-6chba2ru 209 44 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 209 45 burdens burden NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 209 46 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 209 47 six six CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 209 48 HTOs hto NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 209 49 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 209 50 averaging average VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 209 51 an an DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 209 52 83 83 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 209 53 % % NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 210 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 210 2 log log VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 210 3 10 10 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 210 4 1.93 1.93 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 210 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 210 6 reduction reduction NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 210 7 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 210 8 all all DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 210 9 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 210 10 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 210 11 objects object NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 210 12 over over IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 210 13 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 210 14 course course NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 210 15 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 210 16 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 210 17 43 43 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 210 18 month month NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 210 19 multi multi JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 210 20 - - JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 210 21 center center JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 210 22 trial trial NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 210 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 210 24 75 75 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 210 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 210 26 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 211 1 Current current JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 211 2 cleaning cleaning NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 211 3 methods method NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 211 4 can can MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 211 5 effectively effectively RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 211 6 remove remove VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 211 7 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 211 8 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 211 9 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 211 10 but but CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 211 11 studies study NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 211 12 have have VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 211 13 shown show VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 211 14 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 211 15 more more JJR cord-019027-6chba2ru 211 16 than than IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 211 17 half half NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 211 18 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 211 19 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 211 20 trial trial NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 211 21 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 211 22 were be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 211 23 not not RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 211 24 adequately adequately RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 211 25 terminally terminally RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 211 26 cleaned clean VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 211 27 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 211 28 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 211 29 became become VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 211 30 re re JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 211 31 - - VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 211 32 contaminated contaminate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 211 33 within within IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 211 34 minutes minute NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 211 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 211 36 4 4 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 211 37 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 211 38 17 17 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 211 39 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 211 40 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 212 1 The the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 212 2 rails rail NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 212 3 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 212 4 hospital hospital NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 212 5 beds bed NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 212 6 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 212 7 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 212 8 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 212 9 consequence consequence NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 212 10 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 212 11 coincident coincident JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 212 12 interactions interaction NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 212 13 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 212 14 patients patient NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 212 15 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 212 16 HCWs hcw NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 212 17 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 212 18 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 212 19 visitors visitor NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 212 20 are be VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 212 21 one one CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 212 22 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 212 23 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 212 24 most most RBS cord-019027-6chba2ru 212 25 frequently frequently RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 212 26 touched touch VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 212 27 items item NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 212 28 found find VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 212 29 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 212 30 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 212 31 built build VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 212 32 patient patient NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 212 33 care care NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 212 34 environment environment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 212 35 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 1 Schmidt Schmidt NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 2 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 3 colleagues colleague NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 4 found find VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 5 when when WRB cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 6 they -PRON- PRP cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 7 quantitatively quantitatively RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 8 assessed assess VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 9 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 10 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 11 burden burden NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 12 present present JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 13 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 14 bed bed NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 15 rails rail NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 16 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 17 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 18 through through IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 19 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 20 surfacing surfacing NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 21 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 22 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 23 rail rail NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 24 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 25 metallic metallic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 26 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 27 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 28 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 29 concentration concentration NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 30 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 31 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 32 resident resident JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 33 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 34 this this DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 35 frequently frequently RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 36 touched touch VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 37 surface surface NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 38 was be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 39 continuously continuously RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 40 at at IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 41 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 42 below below IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 43 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 44 threshold threshold NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 45 representing represent VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 46 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 47 risk risk NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 48 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 49 transfer transfer NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 50 regardless regardless RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 51 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 52 whether whether IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 53 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 54 not not RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 55 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 56 surface surface NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 57 was be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 58 measured measure VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 59 before before IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 60 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 61 after after IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 62 routine routine JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 63 cleaning clean VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 64 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 65 77 77 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 66 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 213 67 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 214 1 Further further RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 214 2 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 214 3 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 214 4 environmental environmental JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 214 5 monitoring monitoring NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 214 6 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 214 7 bed bed NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 214 8 frames frame NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 214 9 has have VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 214 10 consistently consistently RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 214 11 shown show VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 214 12 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 214 13 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 214 14 rails rail NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 214 15 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 214 16 hospital hospital NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 214 17 beds bed NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 214 18 typically typically RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 214 19 exceed exceed VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 214 20 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 214 21 suggested suggest VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 214 22 threshold threshold NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 214 23 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 214 24 risk risk NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 214 25 more more JJR cord-019027-6chba2ru 214 26 than than IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 214 27 any any DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 214 28 other other JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 214 29 object object NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 214 30 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 214 31 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 214 32 patient patient NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 214 33 's 's POS cord-019027-6chba2ru 214 34 room room NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 214 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 214 36 4 4 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 214 37 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 214 38 50 50 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 214 39 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 214 40 75 75 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 214 41 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 214 42 77 77 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 214 43 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 214 44 103 103 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 214 45 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 214 46 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 215 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-019027-6chba2ru 215 2 was be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 215 3 evident evident JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 215 4 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 215 5 bed bed NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 215 6 rails rail NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 215 7 covered cover VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 215 8 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 215 9 solid solid JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 215 10 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 215 11 are be VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 215 12 able able JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 215 13 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 215 14 augment augment VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 215 15 cleaning cleaning NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 215 16 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 215 17 thereby thereby RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 215 18 continuously continuously RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 215 19 support support VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 215 20 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 215 21 control control NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 215 22 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 215 23 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 215 24 concentration concentration NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 215 25 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 215 26 associated associated JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 215 27 aerobic aerobic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 215 28 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 215 29 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 216 1 This this DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 216 2 observation observation NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 216 3 was be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 216 4 consistently consistently RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 216 5 maintained maintain VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 216 6 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 216 7 spite spite NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 216 8 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 216 9 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 216 10 kinetic kinetic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 216 11 nature nature NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 216 12 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 216 13 care care NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 216 14 present present JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 216 15 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 216 16 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 216 17 environment environment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 216 18 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 216 19 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 216 20 ICU ICU NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 216 21 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 217 1 Lower low JJR cord-019027-6chba2ru 217 2 risk risk NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 217 3 concentrations concentration NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 217 4 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 217 5 less less JJR cord-019027-6chba2ru 217 6 than than IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 217 7 2.5 2.5 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 217 8 CFU CFU NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 217 9 / / SYM cord-019027-6chba2ru 217 10 cm cm NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 217 11 2 2 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 217 12 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 217 13 were be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 217 14 associated associate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 217 15 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 217 16 over over IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 217 17 83 83 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 217 18 % % NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 217 19 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 217 20 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 217 21 sampled sample VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 217 22 beds bed NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 217 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 217 24 77 77 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 217 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 217 26 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 218 1 Further further RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 218 2 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 218 3 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 218 4 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 218 5 VRE VRE NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 218 6 were be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 218 7 absent absent JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 218 8 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 218 9 all all DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 218 10 but but CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 218 11 7 7 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 218 12 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 218 13 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 218 14 3,938 3,938 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 218 15 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 218 16 objects object NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 218 17 sampled sample VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 218 18 arguing argue VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 218 19 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 218 20 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 218 21 risk risk NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 218 22 mitigation mitigation NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 218 23 provided provide VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 218 24 by by IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 218 25 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 218 26 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 218 27 might may MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 218 28 be be VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 218 29 greater great JJR cord-019027-6chba2ru 218 30 than than IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 218 31 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 218 32 average average JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 218 33 concentrations concentration NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 218 34 reported report VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 218 35 suggest suggest VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 218 36 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 218 37 77 77 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 218 38 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 218 39 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 219 1 Weber Weber NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 219 2 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 219 3 Rutala Rutala NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 219 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 219 5 99 99 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 219 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 219 7 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 219 8 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-019027-6chba2ru 219 9 commentary commentary NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 219 10 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 219 11 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 219 12 evaluation evaluation NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 219 13 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 219 14 no no DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 219 15 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 219 16 touch touch NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 219 17 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 219 18 conducted conduct VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 219 19 by by IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 219 20 Karpanen Karpanen NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 219 21 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 219 22 colleagues colleague NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 219 23 argued argue VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 219 24 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 219 25 it -PRON- PRP cord-019027-6chba2ru 219 26 was be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 219 27 impractical impractical JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 219 28 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 219 29 impossible impossible JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 219 30 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 219 31 coat coat VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 219 32 each each DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 219 33 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 219 34 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 219 35 environmental environmental JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 219 36 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 219 37 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 219 38 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 219 39 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 219 40 39 39 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 219 41 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 219 42 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 220 1 However however RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 220 2 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 220 3 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 220 4 data datum NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 220 5 provided provide VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 220 6 by by IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 220 7 Schmidt Schmidt NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 220 8 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 220 9 colleagues colleague NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 220 10 suggest suggest VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 220 11 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 220 12 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 220 13 strategic strategic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 220 14 placement placement NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 220 15 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 220 16 solid solid JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 220 17 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 220 18 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 220 19 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 220 20 high high JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 220 21 touch touch NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 220 22 areas area NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 220 23 is be VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 220 24 key key JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 220 25 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 220 26 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 220 27 offers offer VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 220 28 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 220 29 novel novel JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 220 30 strategy strategy NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 220 31 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 220 32 limit limit VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 220 33 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 220 34 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 220 35 burden burden NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 220 36 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 220 37 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 220 38 continuous continuous JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 220 39 basis basis NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 220 40 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 220 41 75 75 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 220 42 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 220 43 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 221 1 Copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 221 2 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 221 3 alloyed alloy VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 221 4 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 221 5 offer offer VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 221 6 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 221 7 continuous continuous JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 221 8 way way NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 221 9 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 221 10 limit limit VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 221 11 and/or and/or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 221 12 control control VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 221 13 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 221 14 environmental environmental JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 221 15 burden burden NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 221 16 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 222 1 Hospital hospital NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 222 2 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 222 3 environmental environmental JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 222 4 services service NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 222 5 need need VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 222 6 not not RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 222 7 perform perform VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 222 8 additional additional JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 222 9 steps step NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 222 10 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 222 11 follow follow VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 222 12 complex complex JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 222 13 treatment treatment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 222 14 algorithms algorithm NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 222 15 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 222 16 obtain obtain VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 222 17 " " `` cord-019027-6chba2ru 222 18 buy buy NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 222 19 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 222 20 in in NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 222 21 " " '' cord-019027-6chba2ru 222 22 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 222 23 other other JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 222 24 providers provider NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 222 25 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 222 26 require require VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 222 27 additional additional JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 222 28 training training NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 222 29 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 222 30 oversight oversight NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 222 31 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 223 1 The the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 223 2 other other JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 223 3 ' ' `` cord-019027-6chba2ru 223 4 no no DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 223 5 touch touch NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 223 6 ' ' '' cord-019027-6chba2ru 223 7 methods method NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 223 8 presently presently RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 223 9 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 223 10 wide wide JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 223 11 scale scale NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 223 12 use use NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 223 13 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 223 14 room room NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 223 15 disinfection disinfection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 223 16 rely rely VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 223 17 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 223 18 discontinuous discontinuous JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 223 19 modalities modality NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 223 20 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 223 21 application application NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 223 22 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 223 23 order order NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 223 24 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 223 25 reduce reduce VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 223 26 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 223 27 environmental environmental JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 223 28 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 223 29 burden burden NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 223 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 223 31 34 34 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 223 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 223 33 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 224 1 Hydrogen hydrogen NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 224 2 peroxide peroxide NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 224 3 vapor vapor NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 224 4 is be VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 224 5 introduced introduce VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 224 6 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 224 7 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 224 8 gas gas NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 224 9 into into IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 224 10 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 224 11 sealed seal VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 224 12 room room NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 224 13 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 225 1 Ultraviolet ultraviolet JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 225 2 light light NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 225 3 achieves achieve VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 225 4 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-019027-6chba2ru 225 5 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 225 6 through through IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 225 7 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 225 8 transient transient JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 225 9 transmission transmission NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 225 10 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 225 11 germicidal germicidal JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 225 12 radiation radiation NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 225 13 within within IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 225 14 an an DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 225 15 unoccupied unoccupied JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 225 16 room room NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 225 17 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 226 1 Consequently consequently RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 226 2 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 226 3 like like IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 226 4 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 226 5 EPA EPA NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 226 6 registered register VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 226 7 disinfectants disinfectant NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 226 8 regularly regularly RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 226 9 used use VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 226 10 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 226 11 disinfect disinfect VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 226 12 patient patient JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 226 13 rooms room NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 226 14 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 226 15 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 226 16 cleaning cleaning NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 226 17 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 226 18 both both CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 226 19 UV uv NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 226 20 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 226 21 HPV HPV NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 226 22 will will MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 226 23 likely likely RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 226 24 suffer suffer VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 226 25 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 226 26 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 226 27 same same JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 226 28 limitations limitation NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 226 29 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 226 30 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 226 31 rapid rapid JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 226 32 restoration restoration NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 226 33 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 226 34 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 226 35 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 226 36 burden burden NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 226 37 intrinsic intrinsic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 226 38 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 226 39 high high JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 226 40 touch touch NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 226 41 objects object NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 226 42 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 1 In in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 2 addressing address VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 3 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 4 question question NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 5 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 6 whether whether IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 7 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 8 not not RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 9 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 10 strategic strategic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 11 placement placement NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 12 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 13 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 14 might may MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 15 ameliorate ameliorate VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 16 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 17 rate rate NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 18 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 19 which which WDT cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 20 HAI HAI NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 21 are be VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 22 acquired acquire VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 23 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 24 Salgado Salgado NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 25 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 26 colleagues colleague NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 28 70 70 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 30 found find VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 31 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 32 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 33 conduct conduct NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 34 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 35 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 36 multi multi JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 37 - - JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 38 center center JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 39 trial trial NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 40 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 41 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 42 limited limited JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 43 placement placement NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 44 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 45 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 46 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 47 described describe VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 48 by by IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 49 Schmidt Schmidt NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 50 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 51 colleagues colleague NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 52 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 53 75 75 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 54 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 55 resulted result VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 56 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 57 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 58 significant significant JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 59 reduction reduction NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 60 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 61 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 62 HAI HAI NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 63 rate rate NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 64 and/or and/or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 65 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 66 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 67 VRE VRE NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 68 colonization colonization NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 69 rate rate NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 70 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 71 medical medical JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 72 intensive intensive JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 73 care care NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 74 rooms room NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 75 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 76 ICU ICU NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 77 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 227 78 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 228 1 The the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 228 2 collective collective JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 228 3 rate rate NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 228 4 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 228 5 HAI HAI NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 228 6 infection infection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 228 7 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 228 8 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 228 9 / / SYM cord-019027-6chba2ru 228 10 VRE VRE NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 228 11 colonization colonization NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 228 12 was be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 228 13 found find VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 228 14 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 228 15 be be VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 228 16 significantly significantly RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 228 17 lower low JJR cord-019027-6chba2ru 228 18 by by IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 228 19 42 42 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 228 20 % % NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 228 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 228 22 7.1 7.1 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 228 23 % % NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 228 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 228 25 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 228 26 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 228 27 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 228 28 arm arm NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 228 29 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 228 30 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 228 31 study study NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 228 32 when when WRB cord-019027-6chba2ru 228 33 compared compare VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 228 34 against against IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 228 35 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 228 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 228 37 12.3 12.3 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 228 38 % % NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 228 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 228 40 rate rate NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 228 41 observed observe VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 228 42 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 228 43 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 228 44 control control NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 228 45 rooms room NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 228 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 228 47 p p NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 228 48 ¼ ¼ CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 228 49 0.02 0.02 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 228 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 228 51 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 229 1 When when WRB cord-019027-6chba2ru 229 2 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 229 3 data datum NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 229 4 were be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 229 5 considered consider VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 229 6 separately separately RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 229 7 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 229 8 HAI HAI NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 229 9 alone alone RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 229 10 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 229 11 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 229 12 rate rate NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 229 13 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 229 14 infection infection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 229 15 was be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 229 16 significantly significantly RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 229 17 reduced reduce VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 229 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 229 19 58 58 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 229 20 % % NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 229 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 229 22 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 229 23 8.1 8.1 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 229 24 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 229 25 3.4 3.4 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 229 26 % % NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 229 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 229 28 p p NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 229 29 ¼ ¼ NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 229 30 0.013 0.013 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 229 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 229 32 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 230 1 More more RBR cord-019027-6chba2ru 230 2 importantly importantly RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 230 3 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 230 4 these these DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 230 5 investigators investigator NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 230 6 were be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 230 7 able able JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 230 8 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 230 9 demonstrate demonstrate VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 230 10 that that DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 230 11 burden burden NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 230 12 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 230 13 infection infection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 230 14 were be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 230 15 directly directly RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 230 16 linked link VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 230 17 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 1 In in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 2 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 3 analysis analysis NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 4 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 5 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 6 quartile quartile JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 7 distribution distribution NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 8 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 9 HAIs hai NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 10 stratified stratify VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 11 by by IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 12 microbial microbial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 13 burden burden NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 14 measured measure VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 15 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 16 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 17 ICU ICU NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 18 rooms room NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 19 during during IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 20 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 21 patient patient NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 22 's 's POS cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 23 stay stay NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 24 they -PRON- PRP cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 25 learned learn VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 26 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 27 there there EX cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 28 was be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 29 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 30 significant significant JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 31 association association NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 32 between between IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 33 burden burden NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 34 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 35 HAI HAI NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 36 risk risk NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 38 p p NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 39 ¼ ¼ CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 40 0.038 0.038 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 42 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 43 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 44 89 89 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 45 % % NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 46 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 47 HAI HAI NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 48 occurring occur VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 49 among among IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 50 patients patient NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 51 cared care VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 52 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 53 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 54 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 55 room room NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 56 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 57 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 58 burden burden NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 59 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 60 more more JJR cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 61 than than IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 62 500 500 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 63 CFU CFU NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 64 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 65 Fig Fig NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 66 . . NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 67 4 4 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 68 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 69 3 3 LS cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 70 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 71 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 72 70 70 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 73 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 74 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 231 75 _SP cord-019027-6chba2ru 232 1 The the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 232 2 mechanism mechanism NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 232 3 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 232 4 action action NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 232 5 associated associate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 232 6 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 232 7 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 232 8 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 232 9 properties property NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 232 10 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 232 11 solid solid JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 232 12 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 232 13 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 232 14 is be VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 232 15 multifaceted multifacete VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 232 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 232 17 Chap Chap NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 232 18 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 232 19 6 6 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 232 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 232 21 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 233 1 Upon upon IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 233 2 coming come VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 233 3 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 233 4 contact contact NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 233 5 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 233 6 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 233 7 metallic metallic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 233 8 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 233 9 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 233 10 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 233 11 objects object NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 233 12 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 233 13 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 233 14 electron electron NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 233 15 potential potential NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 233 16 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 233 17 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 233 18 microbe microbe NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 233 19 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 233 20 concert concert NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 233 21 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 233 22 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 233 23 facilitates facilitate VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 233 24 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 233 25 cascade cascade NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 233 26 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 233 27 irreversible irreversible JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 233 28 events event NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 233 29 leading lead VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 233 30 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 233 31 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 233 32 rapid rapid JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 233 33 death death NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 233 34 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 233 35 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 233 36 bacterium bacterium NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 233 37 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 1 Given give VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 2 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 3 inherent inherent JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 4 ability ability NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 5 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 6 solid solid JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 7 metallic metallic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 8 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 9 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 10 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 11 alloys alloy NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 12 containing contain VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 13 greater great JJR cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 14 than than IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 15 60 60 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 16 % % NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 17 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 18 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 19 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 20 conduction conduction NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 21 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 22 electricity electricity NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 23 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 24 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 25 electrons electron NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 26 resident resident JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 27 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 28 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 29 membrane membrane NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 30 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 31 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 32 bacterium bacterium NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 33 that that WDT cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 34 are be VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 35 sufficiently sufficiently RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 36 close close JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 37 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 38 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 39 metallic metallic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 40 surface surface NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 41 coupled couple VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 42 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 43 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 44 high high JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 45 flux flux NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 46 required require VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 47 by by IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 48 living live VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 49 cells cell NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 50 result result VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 51 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 52 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 53 rapid rapid JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 54 collapse collapse NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 55 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 56 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 57 proton proton NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 58 motive motive NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 59 force force NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 60 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 61 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 62 microbe microbe NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 234 63 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 235 1 The the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 235 2 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 235 3 dissipation dissipation NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 235 4 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 235 5 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 235 6 proton proton NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 235 7 motive motive NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 235 8 force force NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 235 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 235 10 PMF PMF NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 235 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 235 12 has have VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 235 13 been be VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 235 14 observed observe VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 235 15 through through IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 235 16 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 235 17 use use NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 235 18 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 235 19 dyes dye NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 235 20 that that WDT cord-019027-6chba2ru 235 21 measure measure VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 235 22 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 235 23 membrane membrane NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 235 24 potential potential NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 235 25 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 236 1 Warnes Warnes NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 236 2 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 236 3 others other NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 236 4 have have VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 236 5 reported report VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 236 6 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 236 7 this this DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 236 8 observation observation NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 236 9 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 236 10 numerous numerous JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 236 11 occasions occasion NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 236 12 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 236 13 both both CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 236 14 Gram Gram NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 236 15 positive positive JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 236 16 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 236 17 Gram Gram NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 236 18 negative negative JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 236 19 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 236 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 236 21 91 91 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 236 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 236 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 236 24 92 92 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 236 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 236 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 236 27 93 93 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 236 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 236 29 95 95 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 236 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 236 31 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 237 1 Subsequent subsequent JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 237 2 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 237 3 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 237 4 collapse collapse NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 237 5 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 237 6 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 237 7 membrane membrane NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 237 8 potential potential NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 237 9 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 237 10 concomitant concomitant JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 237 11 production production NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 237 12 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 237 13 free free JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 237 14 radicals radical NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 237 15 immediately immediately RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 237 16 develops develop VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 237 17 within within IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 237 18 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 237 19 cytoplasm cytoplasm NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 237 20 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 237 21 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 237 22 bacterium bacterium NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 237 23 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 238 1 The the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 238 2 free free JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 238 3 radicals radical NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 238 4 facilitate facilitate VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 238 5 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 238 6 peroxidation peroxidation NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 238 7 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 238 8 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 238 9 membrane membrane NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 238 10 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 238 11 bleaching bleach VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 238 12 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 238 13 cellular cellular JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 238 14 proteins protein NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 238 15 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 238 16 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 238 17 cleavage cleavage NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 238 18 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 238 19 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 238 20 complete complete JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 238 21 destruction destruction NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 238 22 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 238 23 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 238 24 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 238 25 acids acid NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 238 26 resident resident JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 238 27 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 238 28 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 238 29 cytoplasm cytoplasm NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 238 30 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 238 31 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 238 32 effected effected JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 238 33 microbes microbe NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 238 34 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 239 1 Additionally additionally RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 239 2 upon upon IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 239 3 peroxidation peroxidation NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 239 4 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 239 5 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 239 6 membrane membrane NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 239 7 there there EX cord-019027-6chba2ru 239 8 is be VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 239 9 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 239 10 loss loss NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 239 11 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 239 12 membrane membrane NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 239 13 integrity integrity NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 239 14 resulting result VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 239 15 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 239 16 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 239 17 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 239 18 leakage leakage NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 239 19 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 239 20 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 239 21 cytoplasm cytoplasm NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 239 22 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 239 23 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 239 24 cell cell NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 239 25 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 239 26 diffusion diffusion NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 239 27 mediated mediate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 239 28 transport transport NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 239 29 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 239 30 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 239 31 ions ion NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 239 32 into into IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 239 33 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 239 34 cytoplasm cytoplasm NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 239 35 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 240 1 The the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 240 2 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 240 3 ions ion NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 240 4 then then RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 240 5 act act VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 240 6 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 240 7 concert concert NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 240 8 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 240 9 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 240 10 free free JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 240 11 radicals radical NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 240 12 resulting result VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 240 13 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 240 14 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 240 15 Fenton Fenton NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 240 16 reaction reaction NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 240 17 that that WDT cord-019027-6chba2ru 240 18 leads lead VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 240 19 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 240 20 further further JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 240 21 irreparable irreparable JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 240 22 damage damage NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 240 23 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 240 24 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 240 25 cell cell NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 240 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 240 27 91 91 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 240 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 240 29 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 241 1 The the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 241 2 entire entire JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 241 3 process process NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 241 4 occurs occur VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 241 5 quickly quickly RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 241 6 resulting result VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 241 7 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 241 8 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 241 9 collapse collapse NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 241 10 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 241 11 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 241 12 population population NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 241 13 within within IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 241 14 minutes minute NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 241 15 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 242 1 Thus thus RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 242 2 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 242 3 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 242 4 likelihood likelihood NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 242 5 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 242 6 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 242 7 population population NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 242 8 will will MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 242 9 develop develop VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 242 10 resistance resistance NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 242 11 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 242 12 this this DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 242 13 multifaceted multifaceted JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 242 14 mechanism mechanism NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 242 15 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 242 16 death death NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 242 17 is be VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 242 18 unlikely unlikely JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 242 19 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 243 1 There there EX cord-019027-6chba2ru 243 2 have have VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 243 3 been be VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 243 4 reports report NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 243 5 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 243 6 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 243 7 literature literature NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 243 8 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 243 9 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 243 10 being be VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 243 11 isolated isolate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 243 12 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 243 13 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 243 14 coins coin NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 243 15 but but CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 243 16 upon upon IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 243 17 challenging challenge VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 243 18 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 243 19 ' ' `` cord-019027-6chba2ru 243 20 resistant resistant JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 243 21 ' ' '' cord-019027-6chba2ru 243 22 isolates isolate NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 243 23 they -PRON- PRP cord-019027-6chba2ru 243 24 were be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 243 25 found find VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 243 26 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 243 27 be be VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 243 28 uniformly uniformly RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 243 29 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 243 30 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 243 31 metallic metallic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 243 32 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 243 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 243 34 71 71 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 243 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 243 36 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 1 A a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 2 likely likely JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 3 explanation explanation NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 4 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 5 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 6 recovery recovery NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 7 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 8 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 9 surface surface NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 10 is be VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 11 likely likely RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 12 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 13 consequence consequence NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 14 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 15 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 16 failure failure NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 17 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 18 sufficiently sufficiently RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 19 collapse collapse VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 20 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 21 PMF PMF NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 22 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 23 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 24 entire entire JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 25 community community NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 26 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 27 either either CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 28 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 29 function function NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 30 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 31 proximity proximity NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 32 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 33 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 34 surviving survive VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 35 microbes microbe NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 36 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 37 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 38 metallic metallic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 39 surface surface NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 40 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 41 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 42 absence absence NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 43 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 44 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 45 electron electron NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 46 flux flux NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 47 through through IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 48 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 49 membrane membrane NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 50 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 51 initiate initiate VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 52 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 53 cascade cascade NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 54 required require VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 55 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 56 death death NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 244 57 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 245 1 In in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 245 2 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 245 3 study study NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 245 4 conducted conduct VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 245 5 by by IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 245 6 Salgado Salgado NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 245 7 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 245 8 colleagues colleague NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 245 9 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 245 10 six six CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 245 11 highly highly RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 245 12 touched touch VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 245 13 objects object NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 245 14 within within IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 245 15 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 245 16 ICUs icu NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 245 17 were be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 245 18 selected select VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 245 19 based base VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 245 20 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 245 21 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 245 22 limited limited JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 245 23 survey survey NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 245 24 where where WRB cord-019027-6chba2ru 245 25 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 245 26 contact contact NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 245 27 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 245 28 being be VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 245 29 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 245 30 most most RBS cord-019027-6chba2ru 245 31 highly highly RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 245 32 contaminated contaminate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 245 33 were be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 245 34 identified identify VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 245 35 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 246 1 The the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 246 2 six six CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 246 3 items item NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 246 4 were be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 246 5 then then RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 246 6 fabricated fabricate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 246 7 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 246 8 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 246 9 variety variety NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 246 10 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 246 11 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 246 12 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 246 13 alloys alloy NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 246 14 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 246 15 where where WRB cord-019027-6chba2ru 246 16 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 246 17 criteria criterion NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 246 18 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 246 19 alloy alloy NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 246 20 selection selection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 246 21 were be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 246 22 reflective reflective JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 246 23 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 246 24 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 246 25 ability ability NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 246 26 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 246 27 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 246 28 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 246 29 alloys alloy NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 246 30 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 246 31 be be VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 246 32 readily readily RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 246 33 fabricated fabricate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 246 34 into into IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 246 35 that that DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 246 36 particular particular JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 246 37 component component NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 246 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 246 39 Fig Fig NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 246 40 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 246 41 4.4 4.4 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 246 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 246 43 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 247 1 Properties property NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 247 2 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 247 3 strength strength NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 247 4 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 247 5 durability durability NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 247 6 were be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 247 7 operationally operationally RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 247 8 defined define VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 247 9 such such JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 247 10 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 247 11 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 247 12 resulting result VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 247 13 component component NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 247 14 would would MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 247 15 be be VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 247 16 able able JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 247 17 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 247 18 withstand withstand VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 247 19 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 247 20 rigors rigor NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 247 21 placed place VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 247 22 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 247 23 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 247 24 finished finished JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 247 25 goods good NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 247 26 within within IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 247 27 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 247 28 built build VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 247 29 environment environment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 247 30 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 247 31 an an DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 247 32 active active JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 247 33 clinical clinical JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 247 34 setting setting NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 247 35 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 247 36 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 247 37 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 247 38 ability ability NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 247 39 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 247 40 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 247 41 materials material NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 247 42 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 247 43 withstand withstand VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 247 44 standard standard JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 247 45 hospital hospital NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 247 46 cleaners cleaner NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 247 47 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 247 48 including include VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 247 49 sodium sodium NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 247 50 hypochlorite hypochlorite NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 247 51 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 248 1 Additionally additionally RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 248 2 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 248 3 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 248 4 surface surface NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 248 5 finish finish NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 248 6 was be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 248 7 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 248 8 provide provide VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 248 9 consistent consistent JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 248 10 wear wear NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 248 11 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 248 12 aesthetics aesthetic NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 248 13 over over IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 248 14 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 248 15 lifespan lifespan NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 248 16 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 248 17 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 248 18 product product NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 248 19 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 249 1 All all DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 249 2 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 249 3 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 249 4 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 249 5 alloys alloy NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 249 6 used use VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 249 7 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 249 8 component component NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 249 9 fabrication fabrication NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 249 10 were be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 249 11 made make VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 249 12 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 249 13 solid solid JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 249 14 alloys alloy NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 249 15 registered register VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 249 16 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 249 17 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 249 18 EPA EPA NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 249 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 249 20 87 87 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 249 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 249 22 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 250 1 Subsequent subsequent JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 250 2 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 250 3 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 250 4 published publish VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 250 5 report report NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 250 6 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 250 7 manufacturers manufacturer NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 250 8 have have VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 250 9 introduced introduce VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 250 10 numerous numerous JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 250 11 products product NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 250 12 fabricated fabricate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 250 13 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 250 14 EPA EPA NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 250 15 registered register VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 250 16 solid solid JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 250 17 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 250 18 that that WDT cord-019027-6chba2ru 250 19 meet meet VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 250 20 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 250 21 exceed exceed VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 250 22 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 250 23 criteria criterion NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 250 24 used use VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 250 25 by by IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 250 26 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 250 27 referenced reference VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 250 28 authors author NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 250 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 250 30 70 70 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 250 31 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 250 32 74 74 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 250 33 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 250 34 75 75 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 250 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 250 36 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 251 1 From from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 251 2 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 251 3 design design NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 251 4 standpoint standpoint NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 251 5 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 251 6 it -PRON- PRP cord-019027-6chba2ru 251 7 is be VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 251 8 important important JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 251 9 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 251 10 note note VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 251 11 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 251 12 these these DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 251 13 results result NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 251 14 were be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 251 15 ' ' `` cord-019027-6chba2ru 251 16 additive additive NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 251 17 ' ' '' cord-019027-6chba2ru 251 18 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 251 19 other other JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 251 20 infection infection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 251 21 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 251 22 control control NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 251 23 implementations implementation NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 251 24 already already RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 251 25 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 251 26 place place NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 251 27 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 252 1 Single single JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 252 2 patient patient JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 252 3 rooms room NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 252 4 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 252 5 hand hand NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 252 6 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 252 7 washing washing NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 252 8 sinks sink NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 252 9 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 252 10 hand hand NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 252 11 sanitizing sanitize VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 252 12 alcohol alcohol NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 252 13 dispensers dispenser NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 252 14 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 252 15 contact contact NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 252 16 precautions precaution NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 252 17 required require VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 252 18 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 252 19 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 252 20 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 252 21 VRE VRE NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 252 22 carriers carrier NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 252 23 / / SYM cord-019027-6chba2ru 252 24 infected infect VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 252 25 patient(s patient(s NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 252 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 252 27 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 252 28 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 252 29 an an DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 252 30 active active JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 252 31 hand hand NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 252 32 hygiene hygiene NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 252 33 staff staff NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 252 34 education education NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 252 35 program program NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 252 36 were be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 252 37 already already RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 252 38 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 252 39 place place NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 252 40 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 252 41 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 252 42 units unit NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 252 43 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 252 44 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 252 45 hospitals hospital NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 252 46 studied study VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 252 47 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 253 1 Should Should MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 253 2 these these DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 253 3 conclusions conclusion NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 253 4 expand expand VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 253 5 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 253 6 other other JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 253 7 areas area NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 253 8 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 253 9 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 253 10 hospital hospital NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 253 11 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 253 12 then then RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 253 13 employing employ VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 253 14 inherently inherently RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 253 15 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 253 16 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 253 17 could could MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 253 18 represent represent VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 253 19 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 253 20 significant significant JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 253 21 enhancement enhancement NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 253 22 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 253 23 mitigating mitigate VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 253 24 infectious infectious JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 253 25 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 253 26 within within IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 253 27 hospitals hospital NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 253 28 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 254 1 For for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 254 2 example example NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 254 3 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 254 4 by by IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 254 5 instituting institute VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 254 6 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 254 7 ' ' `` cord-019027-6chba2ru 254 8 best good JJS cord-019027-6chba2ru 254 9 practices practice NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 254 10 ' ' POS cord-019027-6chba2ru 254 11 approach approach NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 254 12 that that WDT cord-019027-6chba2ru 254 13 implemented implement VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 254 14 cleaning cleaning NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 254 15 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 254 16 hand hand NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 254 17 hygiene hygiene NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 254 18 designs design NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 254 19 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 254 20 protocols protocol NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 254 21 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 254 22 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 254 23 California California NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 254 24 's 's POS cord-019027-6chba2ru 254 25 Healthcare Healthcare NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 254 26 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 254 27 Associated Associated NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 254 28 Infection Infection NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 254 29 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 254 30 Initiative Initiative NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 254 31 showed show VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 254 32 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 254 33 reduction reduction NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 254 34 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 254 35 HAI HAI NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 254 36 by by IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 254 37 3.2 3.2 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 254 38 % % NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 254 39 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 255 1 With with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 255 2 many many JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 255 3 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 255 4 these these DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 255 5 best good JJS cord-019027-6chba2ru 255 6 practices practice NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 255 7 already already RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 255 8 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 255 9 place place NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 255 10 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 255 11 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 255 12 initial initial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 255 13 findings finding NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 255 14 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 255 15 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 255 16 clinical clinical JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 255 17 trials trial NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 255 18 are be VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 255 19 showing show VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 255 20 an an DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 255 21 additional additional JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 255 22 double double JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 255 23 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 255 24 digit digit NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 255 25 reduction reduction NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 255 26 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 255 27 infections infection NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 255 28 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 256 1 Although although IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 256 2 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 256 3 relative relative JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 256 4 infection infection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 256 5 rate rate NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 256 6 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 256 7 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 256 8 medical medical JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 256 9 ICUs icus NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 256 10 where where WRB cord-019027-6chba2ru 256 11 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 256 12 clinical clinical JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 256 13 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 256 14 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 256 15 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 256 16 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 256 17 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 256 18 were be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 256 19 evaluated evaluate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 256 20 is be VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 256 21 generally generally RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 256 22 higher high JJR cord-019027-6chba2ru 256 23 than than IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 256 24 hospitals hospital NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 256 25 at at IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 256 26 large large JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 256 27 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 256 28 patients patient NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 256 29 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 256 30 ICUs icu NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 256 31 are be VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 256 32 typically typically RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 256 33 not not RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 256 34 mobile mobile JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 256 35 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 256 36 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 256 37 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-019027-6chba2ru 256 38 interaction interaction NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 256 39 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 256 40 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 256 41 built build VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 256 42 environment environment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 256 43 is be VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 256 44 very very RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 256 45 limited limited JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 256 46 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 257 1 Consequently consequently RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 257 2 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 257 3 items item NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 257 4 where where WRB cord-019027-6chba2ru 257 5 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 257 6 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 257 7 alloys alloy NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 257 8 might may MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 257 9 have have VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 257 10 been be VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 257 11 easily easily RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 257 12 incorporated incorporate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 257 13 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 257 14 e.g. e.g. RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 257 15 grab grab NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 257 16 bars bar NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 257 17 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 257 18 sinks sink NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 257 19 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 257 20 faucets faucet NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 257 21 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 257 22 paper paper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 257 23 dispensers dispenser NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 257 24 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 257 25 shelves shelf NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 257 26 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 257 27 towel towel NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 257 28 racks rack NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 257 29 were be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 257 30 not not RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 257 31 present present JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 257 32 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 258 1 The the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 258 2 further further JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 258 3 evaluation evaluation NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 258 4 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 258 5 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 258 6 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 258 7 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 258 8 is be VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 258 9 warranted warrant VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 258 10 beyond beyond IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 258 11 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 258 12 medical medical JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 258 13 ICU ICU NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 258 14 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 258 15 include include VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 258 16 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 258 17 but but CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 258 18 not not RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 258 19 be be VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 258 20 limited limit VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 258 21 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 258 22 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 258 23 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 258 24 effect effect NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 258 25 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 258 26 inherently inherently RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 258 27 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 258 28 materials material NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 258 29 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 258 30 Fig Fig NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 258 31 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 259 1 4 4 LS cord-019027-6chba2ru 259 2 .4 .4 . cord-019027-6chba2ru 260 1 EPA EPA NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 260 2 registered register VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 260 3 antimicrobial antimicrobial NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 260 4 cooper cooper NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 260 5 alloys alloy NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 260 6 used use VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 260 7 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 260 8 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 260 9 fabrication fabrication NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 260 10 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 260 11 surfacing surfacing NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 260 12 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 260 13 high high JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 260 14 touch touch NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 260 15 items item NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 260 16 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 261 1 Items item NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 261 2 were be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 261 3 fabricated fabricate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 261 4 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 261 5 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 261 6 variety variety NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 261 7 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 261 8 EPA EPA NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 261 9 registered register VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 261 10 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 261 11 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 261 12 alloys alloy NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 261 13 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 261 14 listed list VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 261 15 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 262 1 The the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 262 2 criterion criterion NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 262 3 used use VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 262 4 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 262 5 select select VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 262 6 an an DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 262 7 alloy alloy NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 262 8 was be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 262 9 reflective reflective JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 262 10 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 262 11 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 262 12 ability ability NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 262 13 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 262 14 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 262 15 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 262 16 alloy alloy NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 262 17 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 262 18 be be VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 262 19 readily readily RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 262 20 fabricated fabricate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 262 21 into into IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 262 22 that that DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 262 23 particular particular JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 262 24 component component NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 262 25 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 262 26 withstand withstand VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 262 27 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 262 28 rigors rigor NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 262 29 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 262 30 healthcare healthcare NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 262 31 general general JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 262 32 wards ward NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 262 33 where where WRB cord-019027-6chba2ru 262 34 patients patient NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 262 35 have have VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 262 36 greater great JJR cord-019027-6chba2ru 262 37 interaction interaction NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 262 38 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 262 39 other other JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 262 40 objects object NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 262 41 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 262 42 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 262 43 built build VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 262 44 environment environment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 262 45 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 263 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 263 2 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 263 3 investigations investigation NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 263 4 should should MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 263 5 also also RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 263 6 be be VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 263 7 conducted conduct VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 263 8 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 263 9 emergency emergency NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 263 10 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 263 11 recovery recovery NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 263 12 rooms room NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 263 13 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 263 14 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 263 15 hospital hospital NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 263 16 rehabilitation rehabilitation NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 263 17 units unit NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 263 18 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 263 19 pediatric pediatric JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 263 20 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 263 21 neonatal neonatal JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 263 22 units unit NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 263 23 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 263 24 dialysis dialysis NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 263 25 centers center NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 263 26 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 263 27 burn burn VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 263 28 units unit NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 263 29 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 263 30 transplant transplant NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 263 31 units unit NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 263 32 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 263 33 cancer cancer NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 263 34 centers center NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 263 35 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 263 36 immunecompromised immunecompromised JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 263 37 patients patient NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 263 38 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 264 1 At at IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 264 2 issue issue NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 264 3 is be VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 264 4 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 264 5 central central JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 264 6 theme theme NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 264 7 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 264 8 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 264 9 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 264 10 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 264 11 continuously continuously RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 264 12 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 264 13 passively passively RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 264 14 limit limit VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 264 15 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 264 16 concentration concentration NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 264 17 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 264 18 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 264 19 within within IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 264 20 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 264 21 built build VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 264 22 environment environment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 264 23 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 265 1 Salgado Salgado NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 265 2 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 265 3 colleagues colleague NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 265 4 were be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 265 5 able able JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 265 6 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 265 7 demonstrate demonstrate VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 265 8 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 265 9 infections infection NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 265 10 were be VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 265 11 correlated correlate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 265 12 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 265 13 burden burden NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 265 14 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 1 Thus thus RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 2 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 3 other other JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 4 healthcare healthcare NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 5 environments environment NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 6 that that WDT cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 7 may may MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 8 arguably arguably RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 9 receive receive VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 10 less less JJR cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 11 day day NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 12 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 13 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 14 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 15 day day NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 16 hygienic hygienic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 17 oversight oversight NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 18 than than IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 19 hospital hospital NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 20 patient patient NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 21 rooms room NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 22 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 23 such such JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 24 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 25 visiting visit VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 26 area area NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 27 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 28 long long JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 29 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 30 term term NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 31 care care NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 32 facilities facility NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 33 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 34 long long JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 35 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 36 term term NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 37 rehab rehab NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 38 centers center NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 39 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 40 outpatient outpatient NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 41 clinics clinic NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 42 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 43 elder elder NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 44 care care NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 45 facilities facility NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 46 should should MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 47 also also RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 48 be be VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 49 investigated investigate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 50 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 51 they -PRON- PRP cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 52 too too RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 53 may may MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 54 directly directly RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 55 benefit benefit VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 56 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 57 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 58 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 59 activity activity NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 60 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 61 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 266 62 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 267 1 The the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 267 2 study study NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 267 3 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 267 4 pathogen pathogen NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 267 5 transmission transmission NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 267 6 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 267 7 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 267 8 hospital hospital NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 267 9 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 267 10 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 267 11 impact impact NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 267 12 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 267 13 colonization colonization NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 267 14 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 267 15 infection infection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 267 16 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 267 17 nosocomial nosocomial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 267 18 organisms organism NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 267 19 have have VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 267 20 established establish VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 267 21 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 267 22 epidemiologic epidemiologic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 267 23 importance importance NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 267 24 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 267 25 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 267 26 environmental environmental JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 267 27 microbial microbial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 267 28 burden burden NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 267 29 associated associate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 267 30 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 267 31 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 267 32 built build VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 267 33 clinical clinical JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 267 34 environment environment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 267 35 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 268 1 These these DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 268 2 studies study NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 268 3 have have VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 268 4 outlined outline VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 268 5 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 268 6 complexity complexity NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 268 7 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 268 8 this this DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 268 9 concept concept NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 268 10 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 268 11 have have VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 268 12 led lead VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 268 13 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 268 14 robust robust JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 268 15 recommendations recommendation NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 268 16 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 268 17 infection infection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 268 18 prevention prevention NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 268 19 that that WDT cord-019027-6chba2ru 268 20 have have VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 268 21 undoubtedly undoubtedly RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 268 22 prevented prevent VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 268 23 undo undo JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 268 24 morbidity morbidity NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 268 25 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 268 26 mortality mortality NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 268 27 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 269 1 However however RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 269 2 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 269 3 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 269 4 renewed renew VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 269 5 interest interest NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 269 6 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 269 7 study study VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 269 8 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 269 9 risk risk NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 269 10 contribution contribution NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 269 11 provided provide VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 269 12 by by IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 269 13 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 269 14 built build VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 269 15 environment environment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 269 16 towards towards IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 269 17 patient patient JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 269 18 care care NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 269 19 warrants warrant VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 269 20 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 269 21 better well JJR cord-019027-6chba2ru 269 22 understanding understanding NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 269 23 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 269 24 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 269 25 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 269 26 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 269 27 colonization colonization NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 269 28 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 269 29 infection infection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 269 30 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 270 1 Through through IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 270 2 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-019027-6chba2ru 270 3 discussion discussion NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 270 4 here here RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 270 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-019027-6chba2ru 270 6 hope hope VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 270 7 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 270 8 we -PRON- PRP cord-019027-6chba2ru 270 9 have have VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 270 10 been be VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 270 11 able able JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 270 12 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 270 13 identify identify VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 270 14 potential potential JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 270 15 avenues avenue NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 270 16 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 270 17 improvement improvement NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 270 18 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 270 19 adjunctive adjunctive JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 270 20 use use NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 270 21 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 270 22 newer new JJR cord-019027-6chba2ru 270 23 technologies technology NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 270 24 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 271 1 These these DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 271 2 include include VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 271 3 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 271 4 use use NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 271 5 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 271 6 UV uv NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 271 7 light light NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 271 8 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 271 9 HPV hpv NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 271 10 disinfection disinfection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 271 11 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 271 12 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 271 13 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 271 14 potential potential JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 271 15 value value NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 271 16 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 271 17 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 271 18 use use NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 271 19 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 271 20 solid solid JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 271 21 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 271 22 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 271 23 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 271 24 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 1 Through through IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 2 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 3 multifaceted multifaceted JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 4 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 5 continuously continuously RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 6 active active JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 7 mechanism mechanism NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 8 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 9 action action NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 10 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 11 solid solid JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 12 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 13 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 14 placed place VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 15 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 16 key key JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 17 locations location NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 18 within within IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 19 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 20 patient patient NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 21 room room NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 22 can can MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 23 significantly significantly RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 24 reduce reduce VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 25 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 26 overall overall JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 27 microbial microbial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 28 burden burden NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 29 ; ; : cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 30 have have VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 31 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 32 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 33 ability ability NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 34 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 35 continuously continuously RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 36 maintain maintain VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 37 this this DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 38 concentration concentration NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 39 at at IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 40 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 41 level level NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 42 representing represent VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 43 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 44 minimal minimal JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 45 risk risk NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 46 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 47 HAI HAI NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 48 acquisition acquisition NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 49 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 50 most most RBS cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 51 importantly importantly RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 52 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 53 have have VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 54 translated translate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 55 meaningful meaningful JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 56 benefit benefit NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 57 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 58 patients patient NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 59 by by IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 60 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 61 association association NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 62 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 63 significant significant JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 64 reduction reduction NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 65 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 66 HAI HAI NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 272 67 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 273 1 Further further JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 273 2 study study NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 273 3 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 273 4 identify identify VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 273 5 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 273 6 optimal optimal JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 273 7 amount amount NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 273 8 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 273 9 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 273 10 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 273 11 needed need VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 273 12 as as RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 273 13 well well RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 273 14 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 273 15 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 273 16 optimal optimal JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 273 17 placement placement NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 273 18 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 273 19 rooms room NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 273 20 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 273 21 areas area NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 273 22 within within IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 273 23 healthcare healthcare NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 273 24 facilities facility NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 273 25 is be VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 273 26 necessary necessary JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 273 27 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 273 28 fully fully RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 273 29 understand understand VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 273 30 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 273 31 potential potential JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 273 32 impact impact NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 273 33 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 274 1 What what WP cord-019027-6chba2ru 274 2 is be VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 274 3 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 274 4 evidence evidence NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 274 5 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 274 6 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 274 7 causal causal JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 274 8 link link NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 274 9 between between IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 274 10 hygiene hygiene NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 274 11 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 274 12 infections infection NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 274 13 ? ? . cord-019027-6chba2ru 275 1 Sub sub JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 275 2 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 275 3 lethal lethal JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 275 4 effects effect NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 275 5 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 275 6 several several JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 275 7 metallic metallic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 275 8 salts salt NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 275 9 organic organic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 275 10 compound compound NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 275 11 combinations combination NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 275 12 upon upon IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 275 13 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 275 14 heterotrophic heterotrophic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 275 15 microflora microflora NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 275 16 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 275 17 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 275 18 natural natural JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 275 19 water water NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 275 20 Decontamination decontamination NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 275 21 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 275 22 targeted target VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 275 23 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 275 24 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 275 25 patient patient JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 275 26 rooms room NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 275 27 using use VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 275 28 an an DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 275 29 automated automate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 275 30 ultraviolet ultraviolet NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 275 31 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 275 32 Cemitting cemitting NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 275 33 device device NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 275 34 Intrinsic intrinsic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 275 35 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 275 36 burden burden NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 275 37 associated associate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 275 38 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 275 39 intensive intensive JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 275 40 care care NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 275 41 unit unit NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 275 42 hospital hospital NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 275 43 beds bed NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 275 44 : : : cord-019027-6chba2ru 275 45 effects effect NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 275 46 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 275 47 disinfection disinfection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 275 48 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 275 49 population population NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 275 50 recovery recovery NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 275 51 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 275 52 mitigation mitigation NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 275 53 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 1 potential potential JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 2 infection infection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 3 risk risk VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 4 Environmental environmental JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 5 contamination contamination NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 6 during during IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 7 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 8 carbapenem carbapenem JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 9 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 10 resistant resistant JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 11 Acinetobacter Acinetobacter NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 12 baumannii baumannii NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 13 outbreak outbreak NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 14 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 15 an an DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 16 intensive intensive JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 17 care care NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 18 unit unit NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 19 Quantifying quantify VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 20 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 21 transfer transfer NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 22 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 23 patients patient NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 24 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 25 staff staff NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 26 during during IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 27 burns burn NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 28 dressing dressing NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 29 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 30 bed bed NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 31 changes change NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 32 : : : cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 33 implications implication NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 34 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 35 infection infection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 36 control control NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 37 Effects effect NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 38 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 39 cleaning cleaning NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 40 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 41 disinfection disinfection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 42 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 43 reducing reduce VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 44 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 45 spread spread NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 46 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 47 Norovirus Norovirus NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 48 contamination contamination NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 49 via via IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 50 environmental environmental JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 51 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 52 Acquisition Acquisition NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 53 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 54 nosocomial nosocomial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 55 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 56 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 57 hands hand NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 58 after after IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 59 contact contact NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 60 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 61 environmental environmental JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 62 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 63 near near IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 64 hospitalized hospitalize VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 65 patients patient NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 66 Shedding shed VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 67 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 68 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 69 auerus auerus NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 70 by by IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 71 human human JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 72 carriers carrier NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 73 Environmental environmental JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 74 contamination contamination NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 75 due due IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 76 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 77 methicillin methicillin NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 78 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 79 resistant resistant JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 80 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 81 aureus aureus NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 82 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 83 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 276 84 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 277 1 Fighting fight VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 277 2 nosocomial nosocomial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 277 3 infections infection NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 277 4 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 277 5 biocidal biocidal FW cord-019027-6chba2ru 277 6 non non JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 277 7 - - JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 277 8 intrusive intrusive JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 277 9 hard hard JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 277 10 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 277 11 soft soft JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 277 12 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 277 13 Environmental environmental JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 277 14 contamination contamination NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 277 15 makes make VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 277 16 an an DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 277 17 important important JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 277 18 contribution contribution NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 277 19 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 277 20 hospital hospital NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 277 21 infection infection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 277 22 Vancomycin vancomycin NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 277 23 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 277 24 resistant resistant JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 277 25 enterococcus enterococcus NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 277 26 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 1 Detection detection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 2 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 3 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 4 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 5 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 6 control control NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 7 measures measure NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 8 Impact impact NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 9 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 10 hydrogen hydrogen NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 11 peroxide peroxide NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 12 vapor vapor NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 13 room room NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 14 decontamination decontamination NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 15 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 16 Clostridium clostridium NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 17 difficile difficile NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 18 environmental environmental JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 19 contamination contamination NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 20 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 21 transmission transmission NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 22 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 23 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 24 healthcare healthcare NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 25 setting set VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 26 Guideline Guideline NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 27 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 28 Hand Hand NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 29 Hygiene Hygiene NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 30 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 31 Health Health NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 32 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 33 Care Care NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 34 Settings setting NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 35 : : : cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 36 recommendations recommendation NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 37 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 38 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 39 Healthcare Healthcare NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 40 Infection Infection NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 41 Control Control NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 42 Practices Practices NNPS cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 43 Advisory Advisory NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 44 Committee Committee NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 45 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 46 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 47 HICPAC/ HICPAC/ NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 48 SHEA SHEA NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 49 / / SYM cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 50 APIC APIC NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 51 / / SYM cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 52 IDSA IDSA NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 53 Hand Hand NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 54 Hygiene Hygiene NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 55 Task Task NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 56 Force Force NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 57 Environmental environmental JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 58 contamination contamination NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 59 due due IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 60 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 61 methicillin methicillin NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 62 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 63 resistant resistant JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 64 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 65 aureus aureus NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 66 : : : cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 67 possible possible JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 68 infection infection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 69 control control NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 70 implications implication NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 71 Evaluating evaluate VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 72 hygienic hygienic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 73 cleaning cleaning NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 74 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 75 health health NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 76 care care NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 77 settings setting NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 78 : : : cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 79 what what WP cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 80 you -PRON- PRP cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 81 do do VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 82 not not RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 83 know know VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 84 can can MD cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 85 harm harm VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 86 your -PRON- PRP$ cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 87 patients patient NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 88 Effect effect NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 89 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 90 single single JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 91 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 92 versus versus NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 93 doublegloving doublegloving NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 94 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 95 virus virus NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 96 transfer transfer NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 97 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 98 health health NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 99 care care NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 100 workers worker NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 101 ' ' POS cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 102 skin skin NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 103 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 104 clothing clothing NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 105 during during IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 106 removal removal NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 107 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 108 personal personal JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 109 protective protective JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 110 equipment equipment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 111 Hands hand NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 112 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 113 route route NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 114 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 115 transmission transmission NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 116 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 117 Klebsiella Klebsiella NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 118 species specie NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 119 Role role NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 120 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 121 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 122 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 123 reducing reduce VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 124 hospital hospital NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 125 environment environment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 126 contamination contamination NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 127 Impact Impact NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 128 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 129 environmental environmental JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 130 decontamination decontamination NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 131 using use VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 132 hydrogen hydrogen NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 133 peroxide peroxide NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 134 vapour vapour NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 135 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 136 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 137 incidence incidence NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 138 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 139 Clostridium clostridium NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 140 difficile difficile NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 141 infection infection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 142 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 143 one one CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 144 hospital hospital NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 278 145 Trust trust NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 279 1 How how WRB cord-019027-6chba2ru 279 2 do do VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 279 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-019027-6chba2ru 279 4 assess assess VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 279 5 hospital hospital NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 279 6 cleaning cleaning NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 279 7 ? ? . cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 1 A a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 2 proposal proposal NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 3 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 4 microbiological microbiological JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 5 standards standard NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 6 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 7 surface surface NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 8 hygiene hygiene NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 9 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 10 hospitals hospital NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 11 Importance importance NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 12 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 13 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 14 environment environment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 15 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 16 meticillin meticillin JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 17 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 18 resistant resistant JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 19 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 20 aureus aureus NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 21 acquisition acquisition NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 22 : : : cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 23 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 24 case case NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 25 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 26 hospital hospital NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 27 cleaning clean VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 28 The the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 29 role role NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 30 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 31 environmental environmental JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 32 cleaning cleaning NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 33 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 34 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 35 control control NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 36 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 37 hospital hospital NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 38 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 39 acquired acquire VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 40 infection infection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 41 Carbapenem Carbapenem NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 42 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 43 resistant resistant JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 44 Acinetobacter Acinetobacter NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 45 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 46 role role NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 47 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 48 curtains curtain NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 49 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 50 an an DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 51 outbreak outbreak NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 52 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 53 intensive intensive JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 54 care care NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 55 units unit NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 56 A a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 57 case case NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 58 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 59 eczema eczema NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 60 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 61 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 62 source source NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 63 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 64 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 65 streptococcal streptococcal JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 66 epidemic epidemic NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 67 Investigation investigation NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 68 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 69 management management NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 70 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 71 an an DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 72 outbreak outbreak NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 73 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 74 multidrugcarbapenem multidrugcarbapenem NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 75 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 76 resistant resistant JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 77 Acinetobacter Acinetobacter NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 78 baumannii baumannii NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 79 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 80 Cambridge Cambridge NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 81 Antimicrobial Antimicrobial NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 82 activity activity NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 83 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 84 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 85 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 86 against against IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 87 suspensions suspension NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 88 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 89 Salmonella Salmonella NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 90 enterica enterica NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 280 91 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 281 1 Campylobacter Campylobacter NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 281 2 jejuni jejuni NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 282 1 In in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 282 2 : : : cord-019027-6chba2ru 282 3 Block Block NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 282 4 SS SS NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 282 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 282 6 ed ed NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 282 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 282 8 Disinfection disinfection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 282 9 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 282 10 sterilization sterilization NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 282 11 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 282 12 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 282 13 preservation preservation NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 282 14 Survival survival NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 282 15 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 282 16 skin skin NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 282 17 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 282 18 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 282 19 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 282 20 epidemic epidemic NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 282 21 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 282 22 non non JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 282 23 - - JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 282 24 epidemic epidemic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 282 25 strains strain NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 282 26 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 282 27 enterobacteria enterobacteria NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 282 28 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 282 29 neonatal neonatal JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 282 30 special special JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 282 31 care care NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 282 32 units unit NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 283 1 Nosocomial nosocomial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 283 2 infection infection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 283 3 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 283 4 microsphere microsphere NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 283 5 beds bed NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 283 6 Metallic metallic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 283 7 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 283 8 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 283 9 an an DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 283 10 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 283 11 surface surface NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 283 12 Transfer transfer NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 283 13 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 283 14 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 283 15 aureus aureus NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 283 16 via via IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 283 17 nurses nurse NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 283 18 ' ' POS cord-019027-6chba2ru 283 19 uniforms uniform NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 283 20 Comparison comparison NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 283 21 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 283 22 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 283 23 microbiological microbiological JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 283 24 efficacy efficacy NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 283 25 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 283 26 hydrogen hydrogen NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 283 27 peroxide peroxide NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 283 28 vapor vapor NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 283 29 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 283 30 ultraviolet ultraviolet JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 283 31 light light JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 283 32 processes process NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 283 33 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 283 34 room room NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 283 35 decontamination decontamination NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 284 1 A a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 284 2 Infectious Infectious NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 284 3 Diseases Diseases NNPS cord-019027-6chba2ru 284 4 Society Society NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 284 5 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 284 6 America America NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 284 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 284 8 2010 2010 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 284 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 285 1 Diagnosis diagnosis NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 285 2 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 285 3 prevention prevention NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 285 4 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 285 5 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 285 6 treatment treatment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 285 7 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 285 8 catheter catheter NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 285 9 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 285 10 associated associate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 285 11 urinary urinary JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 285 12 tract tract NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 285 13 infection infection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 285 14 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 285 15 adults adult NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 285 16 : : : cord-019027-6chba2ru 286 1 2009 2009 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 286 2 International International NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 286 3 Clinical Clinical NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 286 4 Practice Practice NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 286 5 Guidelines Guidelines NNPS cord-019027-6chba2ru 286 6 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 286 7 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 286 8 Infectious Infectious NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 286 9 Diseases Diseases NNPS cord-019027-6chba2ru 286 10 Society Society NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 286 11 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 286 12 America America NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 286 13 Contamination Contamination NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 286 14 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 286 15 disinfection disinfection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 286 16 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 286 17 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 286 18 cross cross JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 286 19 - - JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 286 20 colonization colonization NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 286 21 : : : cord-019027-6chba2ru 286 22 are be VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 286 23 hospital hospital NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 286 24 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 286 25 reservoirs reservoir NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 286 26 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 286 27 nosocomial nosocomial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 286 28 infection infection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 286 29 ? ? . cord-019027-6chba2ru 287 1 Risk risk NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 287 2 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 287 3 acquiring acquire VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 287 4 antibiotic antibiotic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 287 5 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 287 6 resistant resistant JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 287 7 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 287 8 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 287 9 prior prior JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 287 10 room room NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 287 11 occupants occupant NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 287 12 Acute acute JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 287 13 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 287 14 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 287 15 cupric cupric JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 287 16 ion ion NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 287 17 toxicity toxicity NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 287 18 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 287 19 an an DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 287 20 estuarine estuarine JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 287 21 microbial microbial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 287 22 community community NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 288 1 The the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 288 2 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 288 3 efficacy efficacy NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 288 4 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 288 5 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 288 6 alloy alloy NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 288 7 furnishing furnishing NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 288 8 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 288 9 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 288 10 clinical clinical JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 288 11 environment environment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 288 12 : : : cord-019027-6chba2ru 288 13 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 288 14 crossover crossover NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 288 15 study study NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 288 16 Vapor vapor NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 288 17 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 288 18 phase phase NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 288 19 hydrogen hydrogen NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 288 20 peroxide peroxide NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 288 21 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 288 22 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 288 23 surface surface NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 288 24 decontaminant decontaminant JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 288 25 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 288 26 sterilant sterilant JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 288 27 Estimating Estimating NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 288 28 health health NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 288 29 care care NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 288 30 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 288 31 associated associate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 288 32 infections infection NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 288 33 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 288 34 deaths death NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 288 35 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 288 36 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 288 37 hospitals hospital NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 288 38 How how WRB cord-019027-6chba2ru 288 39 long long RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 288 40 do do VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 288 41 nosocomial nosocomial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 288 42 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 288 43 persist persist VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 288 44 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 288 45 inanimate inanimate JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 288 46 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 288 47 ? ? . cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 1 A a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 2 systematic systematic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 3 review review NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 4 Contamination contamination NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 5 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 6 Healthcare Healthcare NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 7 Workers Workers NNPS cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 8 ' ' POS cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 9 Hands Hands NNPS cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 10 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 11 Clostridium clostridium NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 12 difficile difficile NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 13 Spores Spores NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 14 after after IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 15 Caring care VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 16 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 17 Patients patient NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 18 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 19 C. C. NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 20 difficile difficile NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 21 Infection infection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 22 Use use NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 23 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 24 audit audit NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 25 tools tool NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 26 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 27 evaluate evaluate VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 28 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 29 efficacy efficacy NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 30 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 31 cleaning clean VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 32 systems system NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 33 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 34 hospitals hospital NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 35 Cross Cross NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 36 - - NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 37 transmission transmission NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 38 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 39 multidrug multidrug NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 40 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 41 resistant resistant JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 42 Acinetobacter Acinetobacter NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 43 baumannii baumannii NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 44 clonal clonal JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 45 strains strain NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 46 causing cause VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 47 episodes episode NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 48 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 49 sepsis sepsis NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 50 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 51 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 52 trauma trauma NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 53 intensive intensive JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 54 care care NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 55 unit unit NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 56 Role role NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 57 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 58 environmental environmental JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 59 contamination contamination NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 60 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 61 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 62 risk risk NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 63 factor factor NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 64 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 65 acquisition acquisition NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 66 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 67 vancomycin vancomycin NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 68 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 69 resistant resistant JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 70 enterococci enterococci NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 71 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 72 patients patient NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 73 treated treat VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 74 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 75 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 76 medical medical JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 77 intensive intensive JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 78 care care NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 79 unit unit NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 80 The the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 81 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 82 activity activity NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 83 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 84 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 85 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 86 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 87 alloys alloy NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 88 against against IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 89 nosocomial nosocomial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 90 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 91 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 92 Mycobacterium Mycobacterium NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 93 tuberculosis tuberculosis NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 94 isolated isolate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 95 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 96 healthcare healthcare NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 97 facilities facility NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 98 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 99 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 100 Western Western NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 101 Cape Cape NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 102 : : : cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 103 an an DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 104 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 105 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 106 vitro vitro FW cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 107 study study NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 108 Survival survival NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 109 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 110 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 111 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 112 metallic metallic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 113 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 114 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 115 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 116 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 117 hospital hospital NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 118 trial trial NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 119 Transfer transfer NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 120 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 121 multidrug multidrug NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 122 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 123 resistant resistant JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 124 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 125 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 126 healthcare healthcare NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 127 workers worker NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 128 ' ' POS cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 129 gloves glove NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 130 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 131 gowns gown NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 132 after after IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 133 patient patient NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 134 contact contact NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 135 increases increase NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 136 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 137 environmental environmental JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 138 contamination contamination NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 139 Finding find VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 140 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 141 benchmark benchmark NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 142 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 143 monitoring monitor VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 144 hospital hospital NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 145 cleanliness cleanliness NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 146 Dispersal Dispersal NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 147 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 148 skin skin NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 289 149 microorganisms microorganism NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 1 The the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 2 dispersal dispersal NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 3 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 4 staphylococci staphylococcus NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 5 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 6 hospital hospital NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 7 wards ward NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 8 Inactivation Inactivation NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 9 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 10 influenza influenza NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 11 A a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 12 virus virus NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 13 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 14 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 15 versus versus IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 16 stainless stainless JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 17 steel steel NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 18 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 19 Potential potential JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 20 use use NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 21 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 22 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 23 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 24 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 25 reduce reduce VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 26 survival survival NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 27 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 28 epidemic epidemic NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 29 meticillin meticillin JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 30 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 31 resistant resistant JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 32 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 33 aureus aureus NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 34 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 35 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 36 healthcare healthcare NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 37 environment environment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 38 Risk risk NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 39 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 40 acquiring acquire VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 41 multidrug multidrug NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 42 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 43 resistant resistant JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 44 Gram gram NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 45 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 46 negative negative JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 47 bacilli bacilli NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 48 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 49 prior prior JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 50 room room NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 51 occupants occupant NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 52 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 53 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 54 intensive intensive JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 55 care care NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 56 unit unit NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 57 Contamination contamination NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 58 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 59 room room NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 60 door door NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 61 handles handle NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 62 by by IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 63 methicillinsensitive methicillinsensitive JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 64 / / SYM cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 65 methicillin methicillin NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 66 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 67 resistant resistant JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 68 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 290 69 aureus aureus NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 291 1 The the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 291 2 role role NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 291 3 played play VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 291 4 by by IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 291 5 contaminated contaminated JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 291 6 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 291 7 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 291 8 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 291 9 transmission transmission NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 291 10 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 291 11 nosocomial nosocomial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 291 12 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 291 13 Evidence evidence NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 291 14 that that IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 291 15 contaminated contaminate VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 291 16 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 291 17 contribute contribute VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 291 18 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 291 19 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 291 20 transmission transmission NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 291 21 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 291 22 hospital hospital NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 291 23 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 291 24 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 291 25 an an DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 291 26 overview overview NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 291 27 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 291 28 strategies strategy NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 291 29 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 291 30 address address VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 291 31 contaminated contaminated JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 291 32 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 291 33 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 291 34 hospital hospital NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 291 35 settings setting NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 292 1 An an DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 292 2 evaluation evaluation NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 292 3 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 292 4 environmental environmental JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 292 5 decontamination decontamination NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 292 6 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 292 7 hydrogen hydrogen NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 292 8 peroxide peroxide NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 292 9 vapor vapor NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 292 10 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 292 11 reducing reduce VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 292 12 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 292 13 risk risk NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 292 14 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 292 15 patient patient JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 292 16 acquisition acquisition NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 292 17 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 292 18 multidrug multidrug NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 292 19 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 292 20 resistant resistant JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 292 21 organisms organism NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 292 22 Dynamics dynamic NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 292 23 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 292 24 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 292 25 hand hand NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 292 26 contamination contamination NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 292 27 during during IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 292 28 routine routine JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 292 29 neonatal neonatal JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 292 30 care care NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 292 31 World World NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 292 32 Alliance Alliance NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 292 33 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 292 34 Patient Patient NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 292 35 Safety Safety NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 293 1 Who who WP cord-019027-6chba2ru 293 2 Global Global NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 293 3 Patient Patient NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 293 4 Safety Safety NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 293 5 Challenge Challenge NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 293 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 293 7 2006 2006 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 293 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 294 1 Evidence evidence NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 294 2 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 294 3 based base VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 294 4 model model NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 294 5 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 294 6 hand hand NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 294 7 transmission transmission NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 294 8 during during IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 294 9 patient patient JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 294 10 care care NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 294 11 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 294 12 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 294 13 role role NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 294 14 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 294 15 improved improved JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 294 16 practices practice NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 294 17 Bacterial bacterial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 294 18 contamination contamination NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 294 19 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 294 20 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 294 21 hands hand NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 294 22 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 294 23 hospital hospital NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 294 24 staff staff NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 294 25 during during IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 294 26 routine routine JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 294 27 patient patient NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 294 28 care care NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 294 29 Mechanisms Mechanisms NNPS cord-019027-6chba2ru 294 30 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 294 31 contact contact NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 294 32 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 294 33 mediated mediate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 294 34 killing killing NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 294 35 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 294 36 yeast yeast NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 294 37 cells cell NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 294 38 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 294 39 dry dry JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 294 40 metallic metallic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 294 41 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 294 42 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 1 Undetected undetected JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 2 vancomycinresistant vancomycinresistant JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 3 Enterococcus enterococcus NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 4 stool stool VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 5 colonization colonization NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 6 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 7 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 8 Veterans Veterans NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 9 Affairs Affairs NNPS cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 10 Hospital Hospital NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 11 using use VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 12 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 13 Clostridium clostridium NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 14 difficile difficile NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 15 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 16 focused focus VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 17 surveillance surveillance NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 18 strategy strategy NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 19 Influence influence NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 20 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 21 plumbing plumbing NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 22 materials material NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 23 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 24 biofilm biofilm NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 25 formation formation NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 26 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 27 growth growth NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 28 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 29 Legionella Legionella NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 30 pneumophila pneumophila NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 31 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 32 potable potable JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 33 water water NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 34 systems system NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 35 Influence influence NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 36 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 37 temperature temperature NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 38 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 39 plumbing plumbing NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 40 material material NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 41 selection selection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 42 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 43 biofilm biofilm NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 44 formation formation NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 45 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 46 growth growth NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 47 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 48 Legionella Legionella NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 49 pneumophila pneumophila NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 50 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 51 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 52 model model NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 53 potable potable JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 54 water water NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 55 system system NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 56 containing contain VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 57 complex complex JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 58 microbial microbial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 59 flora flora NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 60 Uses use NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 61 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 62 inorganic inorganic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 63 hypochlorite hypochlorite NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 64 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 65 bleach bleach NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 66 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 67 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 68 health health NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 69 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 70 care care NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 71 facilities facility NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 72 Guideline Guideline NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 73 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 74 disinfection disinfection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 75 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 76 sterilization sterilization NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 77 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 78 healthcare healthcare NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 295 79 facilities facility NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 296 1 An an DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 296 2 outbreak outbreak NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 296 3 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 296 4 food food NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 296 5 poisoning poisoning NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 296 6 due due IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 296 7 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 296 8 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 296 9 genogroup genogroup NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 2 norovirus norovirus VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 3 Copper Copper NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 4 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 5 reduced reduce VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 6 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 7 rate rate NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 8 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 9 healthcare healthcare NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 10 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 11 acquired acquire VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 12 infections infection NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 13 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 14 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 15 intensive intensive JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 16 care care NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 17 unit unit NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 18 Isolation isolation NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 19 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 20 characterization characterization NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 21 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 22 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 23 resistant resistant JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 24 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 25 metallic metallic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 26 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 27 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 28 Chemical chemical JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 29 disinfection disinfection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 30 to to TO cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 31 interrupt interrupt VB cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 32 transfer transfer NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 33 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 34 rhinovirus rhinovirus NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 35 type type NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 36 14 14 CD cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 37 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 38 environmental environmental JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 39 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 40 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 41 hands hand NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 42 Institutional institutional JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 43 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 44 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 45 rotavirus rotavirus JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 46 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 47 : : : cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 48 potential potential JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 49 role role NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 50 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 51 fomites fomite NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 52 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 53 environmental environmental JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 54 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 55 as as IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 56 vehicles vehicle NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 57 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 58 virus virus NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 59 transmission transmission NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 60 Copper Copper NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 61 continuously continuously RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 62 limits limit VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 63 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 64 concentration concentration NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 65 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 66 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 67 resident resident JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 68 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 69 bed bed NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 70 rails rail NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 71 within within IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 72 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 73 ICU ICU NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 74 Sustained sustained JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 75 reduction reduction NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 76 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 77 microbial microbial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 78 burden burden NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 79 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 80 common common JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 81 hospital hospital NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 82 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 83 through through IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 84 introduction introduction NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 85 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 86 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 87 Characterization characterization NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 88 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 89 control control NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 90 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 91 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 92 microbial microbial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 93 community community NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 94 affiliated affiliate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 95 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 96 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 97 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 98 aluminum aluminum NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 99 heat heat NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 100 exchangers exchanger NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 101 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 102 HVAC HVAC NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 103 systems systems NNPS cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 104 Copper Copper NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 105 continuously continuously RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 106 limits limit VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 107 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 108 concentration concentration NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 109 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 110 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 111 resident resident JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 112 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 113 bed bed NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 114 rails rail NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 115 within within IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 116 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 117 intensive intensive JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 118 care care NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 119 unit unit NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 120 Guidelines guideline NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 121 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 122 environmental environmental JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 123 infection infection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 124 control control NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 125 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 126 health health NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 127 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 128 care care NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 129 facilities facility NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 297 130 . . . cord-019027-6chba2ru 298 1 Recommendations recommendation NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 298 2 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 298 3 CDC CDC NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 298 4 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 298 5 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 298 6 Healthcare Healthcare NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 298 7 Infection Infection NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 298 8 Control Control NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 298 9 Practices Practices NNPS cord-019027-6chba2ru 298 10 Advisory Advisory NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 298 11 Committee Committee NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 298 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 298 13 HICPAC HICPAC NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 298 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 298 15 Inactivation inactivation NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 298 16 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 298 17 sub sub JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 298 18 - - JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 298 19 lethal lethal JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 298 20 injury injury NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 298 21 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 298 22 salmonella salmonella NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 298 23 typhi typhi NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 298 24 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 298 25 salmonella salmonella NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 298 26 typhimurium typhimurium NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 298 27 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 298 28 vibrio vibrio NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 298 29 cholerae cholerae NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 298 30 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 298 31 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 298 32 water water NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 298 33 storage storage NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 298 34 vessels vessel NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 1 Traditional traditional JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 2 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 3 water water NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 4 storage storage NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 5 vessels vessel NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 6 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 7 sub sub JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 8 - - JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 9 lethal lethal JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 10 injury injury NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 11 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 12 Salmonella Salmonella NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 13 enterica enterica NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 14 serovar serovar NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 15 Typhi Typhi NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 16 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 17 Vibrio Vibrio NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 18 cholerae cholerae NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 19 Evaluation Evaluation NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 20 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 21 hospital hospital NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 22 room room NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 23 assignment assignment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 24 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 25 acquisition acquisition NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 26 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 27 Clostridium clostridium NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 28 difficile difficile NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 29 infection infection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 30 Impact impact NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 31 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 32 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 33 multi multi JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 34 - - JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 35 hospital hospital JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 36 intervention intervention NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 37 utilising utilising NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 38 screening screening NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 39 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 40 hand hand NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 41 hygiene hygiene NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 42 education education NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 43 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 44 pulsed pulse VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 45 xenon xenon NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 46 ultraviolet ultraviolet NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 48 PX PX NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 49 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 50 UV UV NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 52 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 53 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 54 rate rate NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 55 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 56 hospital hospital NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 57 associated associate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 58 meticillin meticillin NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 59 resistant resistant JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 60 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 61 aureus aureus NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 62 infection infection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 63 Tracking track VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 64 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 65 hospital hospital NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 66 outbreak outbreak NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 67 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 68 carbapenem carbapenem JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 69 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 70 resistant resistant JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 71 Klebsiella Klebsiella NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 72 pneumoniae pneumoniae NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 73 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 74 whole whole JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 75 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 76 genome genome NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 77 sequencing sequencing NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 78 Antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 79 activity activity NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 80 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 81 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 82 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 83 against against IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 84 carbapenemase carbapenemase NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 85 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 86 producing produce VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 87 contemporary contemporary JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 88 Gram gram NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 89 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 90 negative negative JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 91 clinical clinical JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 92 isolates isolate NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 93 Contamination contamination NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 94 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 95 hands hand NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 96 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 97 methicillin methicillin NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 98 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 99 resistant resistant JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 100 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 101 aureus aureus NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 102 after after IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 103 contact contact NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 104 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 105 environmental environmental JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 106 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 107 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 108 after after IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 109 contact contact NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 110 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 111 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 112 skin skin NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 113 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 114 colonized colonize VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 115 patients patient NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 116 Norwalk Norwalk NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 299 117 virus virus NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 300 1 : : : cord-019027-6chba2ru 300 2 how how WRB cord-019027-6chba2ru 300 3 infectious infectious JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 300 4 is be VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 300 5 it -PRON- PRP cord-019027-6chba2ru 301 1 EPA EPA NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 301 2 registers register VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 301 3 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 301 4 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 301 5 containing contain VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 301 6 alloy alloy NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 301 7 products product NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 302 1 Nosocomial Nosocomial NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 302 2 Candida Candida NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 302 3 glabrata glabrata NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 302 4 colonization colonization NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 302 5 : : : cord-019027-6chba2ru 302 6 an an DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 302 7 epidemiologic epidemiologic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 302 8 study study NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 303 1 Better well JJR cord-019027-6chba2ru 303 2 environmental environmental JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 303 3 survival survival NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 303 4 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 303 5 outbreak outbreak NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 303 6 vs. vs. IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 303 7 sporadic sporadic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 303 8 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 303 9 isolates isolate VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 303 10 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 303 11 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 303 12 surface surface NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 303 13 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 303 14 to to IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 303 15 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 303 16 human human JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 303 17 transmission transmission NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 303 18 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 303 19 rotaviruses rotavirus NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 303 20 by by IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 303 21 treatment treatment NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 303 22 with with IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 303 23 disinfectant disinfectant NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 303 24 spray spray NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 303 25 Mechanism Mechanism NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 303 26 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 303 27 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 303 28 surface surface NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 303 29 toxicity toxicity NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 303 30 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 303 31 Escherichia Escherichia NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 303 32 coli coli NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 303 33 O157 O157 NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 303 34 : : : cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 1 H7 H7 NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 2 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 3 Salmonella Salmonella NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 4 involves involve VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 5 immediate immediate JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 6 membrane membrane NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 7 depolarization depolarization NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 8 followed follow VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 9 by by IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 10 slower slow JJR cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 11 rate rate NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 12 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 13 DNA dna NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 14 destruction destruction NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 15 which which WDT cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 16 differs differ VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 17 from from IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 18 that that DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 19 observed observe VBD cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 20 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 21 Gram gram NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 22 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 23 positive positive JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 24 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 25 Biocidal Biocidal NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 26 efficacy efficacy NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 27 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 28 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 29 alloys alloy NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 30 against against IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 31 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 32 enterococci enterococci NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 33 involves involve VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 34 degradation degradation NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 35 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 36 genomic genomic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 37 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 38 plasmid plasmid NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 39 DNAs dna NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 40 Horizontal horizontal JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 41 transfer transfer NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 42 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 43 antibiotic antibiotic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 44 resistance resistance NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 45 genes gene NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 46 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 47 abiotic abiotic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 48 touch touch NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 49 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 50 : : : cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 51 implications implication NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 52 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 53 public public JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 54 health health NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 55 Inactivation Inactivation NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 56 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 57 norovirus norovirus NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 58 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 59 dry dry JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 60 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 61 alloy alloy NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 62 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 63 Mechanism Mechanism NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 64 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 65 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 66 surface surface NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 67 toxicity toxicity NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 68 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 69 vancomycinresistant vancomycinresistant JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 70 enterococci enterococci NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 71 following follow VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 72 wet wet JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 73 or or CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 74 dry dry JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 75 surface surface NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 76 contact contact NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 77 Potential potential NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 78 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 79 preventing prevent VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 80 spread spread NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 81 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 82 fungi fungus NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 83 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 84 air air NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 85 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 86 conditioning conditioning NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 87 systems system NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 88 constructed construct VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 89 using use VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 90 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 91 instead instead RB cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 92 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 93 aluminium aluminium JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 94 Survival Survival NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 95 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 96 Clostridium Clostridium NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 97 difficile difficile NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 98 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 99 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 100 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 101 steel steel NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 102 : : : cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 103 futuristic futuristic JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 104 options option NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 105 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 106 hospital hospital NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 304 107 hygiene hygiene NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 305 1 Potential potential JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 305 2 action action NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 305 3 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 305 4 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 305 5 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 305 6 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 305 7 meticillin meticillin JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 305 8 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 305 9 resistant resistant JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 305 10 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 305 11 aureus aureus NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 306 1 Commentary commentary NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 306 2 : : : cord-019027-6chba2ru 306 3 self self NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 306 4 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 306 5 disinfecting disinfect VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 306 6 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 306 7 Role role NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 306 8 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 306 9 hospital hospital NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 306 10 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 306 11 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 306 12 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 306 13 transmission transmission NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 306 14 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 306 15 emerging emerge VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 306 16 health health NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 306 17 care care NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 306 18 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 306 19 associated associate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 306 20 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 306 21 : : : cord-019027-6chba2ru 306 22 norovirus norovirus NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 306 23 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 306 24 Clostridium clostridium NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 306 25 difficile difficile NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 306 26 , , , cord-019027-6chba2ru 306 27 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 306 28 Acinetobacter Acinetobacter NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 306 29 species species NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 306 30 Epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 306 31 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 306 32 control control NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 306 33 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 306 34 nosocomial nosocomial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 306 35 infections infection NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 306 36 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 306 37 adult adult NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 306 38 intensive intensive JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 306 39 care care NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 306 40 units unit NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 307 1 Antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 307 2 efficacy efficacy NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 307 3 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 307 4 copper copper NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 307 5 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 307 6 against against IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 307 7 spores spore NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 307 8 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 307 9 vegetative vegetative JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 307 10 cells cell NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 307 11 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 307 12 Clostridium clostridium NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 307 13 difficile difficile NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 307 14 : : : cord-019027-6chba2ru 307 15 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 307 16 germination germination NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 307 17 theory theory NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 307 18 Are be VBP cord-019027-6chba2ru 307 19 hygiene hygiene NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 307 20 standards standard NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 307 21 useful useful JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 307 22 in in IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 307 23 assessing assess VBG cord-019027-6chba2ru 307 24 infection infection NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 307 25 risk risk NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 307 26 ? ? . cord-019027-6chba2ru 308 1 The the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 308 2 survival survival NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 308 3 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 308 4 Escherichia Escherichia NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 308 5 coli coli NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 308 6 O157 O157 NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 308 7 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 308 8 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 308 9 range range NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 308 10 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 308 11 metal metal NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 308 12 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 308 13 Survival Survival NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 308 14 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 308 15 Listeria Listeria NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 308 16 monocytogenes monocytogene VBZ cord-019027-6chba2ru 308 17 Scott Scott NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 308 18 A A NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 308 19 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 308 20 metal metal NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 308 21 surfaces surface NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 308 22 : : : cord-019027-6chba2ru 308 23 implications implication NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 308 24 for for IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 308 25 cross cross NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 308 26 - - JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 308 27 contamination contamination NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 308 28 Health Health NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 308 29 care care NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 308 30 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 308 31 associated associate VBN cord-019027-6chba2ru 308 32 infections infection NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 308 33 : : : cord-019027-6chba2ru 308 34 a a DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 308 35 meta meta NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 308 36 - - HYPH cord-019027-6chba2ru 308 37 analysis analysis NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 308 38 of of IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 308 39 costs cost NNS cord-019027-6chba2ru 308 40 and and CC cord-019027-6chba2ru 308 41 financial financial JJ cord-019027-6chba2ru 308 42 impact impact NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 308 43 on on IN cord-019027-6chba2ru 308 44 the the DT cord-019027-6chba2ru 308 45 US US NNP cord-019027-6chba2ru 308 46 health health NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 308 47 care care NN cord-019027-6chba2ru 308 48 system system NN