id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentences	flesch	summary	cache	txt
cord-306391-g7dhwogk	Fernando, Shannon M.	Diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill adult patients—a systematic review and meta-analysis	2020-04-18		.txt	text/plain	4464	238	36	We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate diagnostic performance (including sensitivity and specificity) of these signs and tests, compared with either histopathology of lung tissue, or quantitative BAL cultures as reference standards. We included studies meeting the following criteria: 1) ≥ 90% adult patients (≥ 16 years); 2) conducted in the ICU; 3) included patients with ≥ 48 h of invasive mechanical ventilation; and 4) evaluated one or more of the following characteristics: fever (defined as body temperature ≥ 38 degrees Celsius), purulent secretions, leukocytosis (any threshold), chest radiography, gram stain, and/or culture from ETA (≥ 10 5 colony-forming units [CFU]/mL), PSB (≥ 10 3 CFU/mL), BAL (≥ 10 4 CFU/mL), or CPIS for diagnosis of VAP. In this meta-analysis, we found that physical examination findings (fever, purulent secretions), chest radiography, endotracheal aspirate cultures, bronchoscopic cultures, and Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS) have poor accuracy for diagnosing ventilator-associated pneumonia.	./cache/cord-306391-g7dhwogk.txt	./txt/cord-306391-g7dhwogk.txt