# ent

id: cord-267907-zbsbqj9o
type: ORG
entity:
  The GAD 7 Department of Health Human Services Administration for Children and Families Administration on Children Youth and Families


id: cord-294422-hsqphc3t
type: GGP
entity:
  Cureus DOI 10 7759 cureus 8974 sha 94d787b2496e15eb8612e907feb6474624f62af2 doc_id 294422 cord_uid hsqphc3t Introduction


id: cord-316222-cm4k04wv
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Bioinformatics of Integrative Medical Insights Proposals for an International Psycho Social and Cultural Bioinformatics Project A Brief Protocol for the Creative Psychosocial Genomic Healing Experience The 4 Stage Creative Process in Therapeutic Hypnosis and


id: cord-316222-cm4k04wv
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  a Single Session of a Yogic Meditation Technique on Cognitive Performance in Medical Students A Randomized Crossover Trial


id: cord-279214-7vna4uyo
type: GGP
entity:
  Rev Neurosci DOI 10 1038 s41583 020 00388 7 sha 0bd4a7bfde1adc350e1098c808d149aa9bf8004d doc_id 279214 cord_uid 7vna4uyo The COVID 19 pandemic represents a worldwide stressor Considering the influence of stress on research


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  Cat DOI 10 1016 b978 1 4377 0660 4 00046 6 sha 2008ee1efb1933782788fb8ab79c97d58ca35028 doc_id 22506 cord_uid fkddo12n nan O U T L I N E


id: cord-022506-fkddo12n
type: ORG
entity:
  European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used for Experimental and Other Scientific Purposes


id: cord-342047-pm3i54mb
type: DNA
entity:
  interleukin IL 1β IL2 IL4 IL6 IL10 IL12 C reactive protein vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF insulin


id: cord-005842-mm3ab7cr
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  AGTR1a angiotensin II receptor type 1a AngII angiotensin II AT1R angiotensin II receptor type 1 VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor sFlt 1 soluble fms


id: cord-005842-mm3ab7cr
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  interleukin 1 receptor associated kinase 3 CSF1R colony stimulating factor 1 receptor P450 cytochrome P450 CYP11A cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily A polypeptide 1 CYP26A1 cytochrome P450 family 26 subfamily A polypeptide 1 HMOX1 heme oxygenase


id: cord-005842-mm3ab7cr
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  GMFB glia maturation factor beta GSK3B glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta TGM2 transglutaminase 2 C polypeptide protein glutamine gamma glutamyltransferase CDO1 cysteine dioxygenase type I INSL4 insulin


id: cord-005842-mm3ab7cr
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  4 PMM2 phosphomannomutase 2 CLDN6 claudin 6 CTNNB1 catenin cadherinassociated protein beta CDH5 cadherin 5 type 2 VTN vitronectin PCDHA3 protocadherin alpha 3 SELP selectin P NCAM1 neural cell adhesion molecule 1 TTN transthyretin ACTN4 actinin alpha 4 FBLN1 fibulin 1 FLNB filamin B beta TLN1 talin 1 DAG1 dystroglycan 1 FN1 fibronectin 1 ADD1 adducin 1 ITGA2 integrin alpha 2 MAPK1 mitogen activated protein kinase 1 MAPK4 mitogen activated protein kinase 4 PTPN1 protein tyrosine phosphatase


id: cord-005842-mm3ab7cr
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  receptor type PTPN6 protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 6 PTPN11 protein tyrosine phosphatase


id: cord-005842-mm3ab7cr
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  transforming protein 1 SMAD4 SMAD family member 4 GRB2 growth factor receptorbound protein 2 PRKCZ protein kinase C zeta PTK2 protein tyrosine kinase 2 SRC v src sarcoma Schmidt Ruppin A 2 viral oncogene homolog VAV2 vav 2 guanine nucleotide exchange factor VGLL1


id: cord-005842-mm3ab7cr
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  AGE receptors NF kB nuclear factor kappaB SR A scavenger receptor 1 SR BI scavenger receptor BI RAGE receptor


id: cord-005842-mm3ab7cr
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  lipoprotein lectinlike receptor 1 FEEL 1 stabilin 1 CD36 thrombospondin receptor S100 S100 calcium binding protein A1 HMGB1


id: cord-005842-mm3ab7cr
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  macrophage scavenger receptor 1 CD36 thrombospondin receptor SR BI scavenger receptor class B member 1 FEEL 1 stabilin 1


id: cord-005842-mm3ab7cr
type: GGP
entity:
  angiotensin II receptor type 1a AngII angiotensin II AT1R angiotensin II receptor type 1 VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor sFlt 1 soluble fms like tyrosine kinase 1 sEng soluble endoglin NOX4 nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NADPH oxidase 4 OSM oncostatin M IL 9 interleukin 9 IRAK3 interleukin 1 receptor associated kinase 3 CSF1R


id: cord-005842-mm3ab7cr
type: GGP
entity:
  leptin SMOX spermine oxidase LDHA lactate dehydrogenase A GMFB glia maturation factor beta GSK3B glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta TGM2 transglutaminase 2 C polypeptide protein glutamine gamma glutamyltransferase CDO1 cysteine dioxygenase type I INSL4 insulin


id: cord-005842-mm3ab7cr
type: GGP
entity:
  PMM2 phosphomannomutase 2 CLDN6 claudin 6 CTNNB1 catenin cadherinassociated protein beta CDH5 cadherin 5 type 2 VTN vitronectin PCDHA3 protocadherin alpha 3 SELP selectin P


id: cord-005842-mm3ab7cr
type: GGP
entity:
  NCAM1 neural cell adhesion molecule 1 TTN transthyretin ACTN4 actinin alpha 4 FBLN1 fibulin 1 FLNB filamin B beta TLN1 talin


id: cord-005842-mm3ab7cr
type: GGP
entity:
  protein kinase 4 PTPN1 protein tyrosine phosphatase non receptor type PTPN6 protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 6 PTPN11 protein tyrosine phosphatase non receptor type 11 PTPN12 protein tyrosine phosphatase non receptor type


id: cord-005842-mm3ab7cr
type: CHEBI
entity:
  galactoside binding soluble 3 SR A macrophage scavenger receptor 1 CD36 thrombospondin receptor SR BI scavenger receptor


id: cord-349219-tl97bj42
type: ORG
entity:
  a Mediator of Family Environment in Etiological Models of Childhood Anxiety Republished Article A structural


id: cord-349219-tl97bj42
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Examining How Neighborhood Disadvantage Influences Trajectories of Adolescent Violence A Look at Social Bonding and Psychological Distress


id: cord-349219-tl97bj42
type: EVENT
entity:
  the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories Prevalence and Psychiatric Risk Factors of Excessive Internet Use


id: cord-349219-tl97bj42
type: ORG
entity:
  Young Adult College Students Depression Anxiety and Stress Assessment of Depression Anxiety and Stress among Medical Students Enrolled


id: cord-030805-3imi63xz
type: DISEASE
entity:
  chronic fatigue depression anxiety infertility Irritable Bowel Syndrome migraines Parkinson s disease pain


id: cord-009966-6kcgc5fx
type: GGP
entity:
  gonadotropin releasing hormone luteinizing hormone follicle stimulating hormone testosterone estradiol


id: cord-316944-xt09q1z5
type: ORG
entity:
  Vulnerability and Resilience to Pandemic Related Stress Among U S Women Pregnant at the Start of the COVID 19


id: cord-294945-hcf7gsv8
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  Rubisco EFs HSP100 FBPase ADK ATP synthase SAM synthetase PPR protein GTP binding protein lepA Ca 2 binding protein


id: cord-352465-n746e8qt
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Global Phosphorylation Landscape of SARS CoV 2 Infection Relation Between Stress Granules and Cytoplasmic Protein Aggregates


id: cord-352465-n746e8qt
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Nocodazole Induced Suicidal Death of Human Erythrocytes Total Synthesis of Vinblastine Related Natural Products and Key Analogues and Development of Inspired Methodology Suitable for the Systematic Study of Their Structure Function Properties Molecular


id: cord-352465-n746e8qt
type: DISEASE
entity:
  pancreatic cancer hepatocellular carcinoma glioma glioblastoma sarcoma mantle cell myeloma colorectal cancer


id: cord-340128-qxkopvot
type: ORG
entity:
  Occupational Safety and Health European Agency for Safety and Health at Work European Survey of Enterprises on New and Emerging Risks ESENER Psychosocial Risk Prevention


id: cord-340128-qxkopvot
type: ORG
entity:
  the European Union Psychosocial Factors at Work and Risk of Depression A Systematic Review of the Epidemiological Evidence


id: cord-340128-qxkopvot
type: ORG
entity:
  the Contributions of the Work Environment to Ischaemic Heart Disease Development Low Back Pain Prevalence and Related Workplace Psychosocial Risk Factors


id: cord-340128-qxkopvot
type: EVENT
entity:
  National Health Interview Survey Mental Health in Workplace Settings Consensus Paper European Commission Directorate General for Health and Consumers


id: cord-340128-qxkopvot
type: ORG
entity:
  the European Survey of Enterprises on New and Emerging Risks Small Business Administration Office of Advocacy Strategic Action Plan for SME Development Background Paper 12 Commonwealth of Australia


id: cord-340128-qxkopvot
type: ORG
entity:
  a New Psychosocial Predictor of Health Recommendations of the Institutions of the Joint German Occupational Safety and Health Strategy


id: cord-340128-qxkopvot
type: ORG
entity:
  Japanese Male Workers Exploring the Public Private and Company Size Differences in Employees Work Characteristics


id: cord-340128-qxkopvot
type: ORG
entity:
  The Association of Workplace Exposures on Quality of Life in Small and Medium Enterprises Workers A Cross Sectional Study


id: cord-340128-qxkopvot
type: ORG
entity:
  the Swedish Working Population Knowledge Based Decision Support System to Assist Work Related Risk Analysis


id: cord-280605-2i4gk7et
type: GGP
entity:
  Alzheimer s disease 219 rheumatoid arthritis 222 cardiovascular diseases 223 224 and cancer 225 among others Also recent studies propose that the activation of NFkB signaling pathways could be the main driver of these associations 226 227 228 229 Interestingly De Almeida et


id: cord-280605-2i4gk7et
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Unveiling the Role of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress on Age Related Cardiovascular Diseases NF kB Mediated Neuroinflammation


id: cord-280605-2i4gk7et
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Neuroprotective Effects of Endurance Exercise Against High Fat Diet Induced Hippocampal Neuroinflammation


id: cord-280605-2i4gk7et
type: DISEASE
entity:
  chronic obstructive pulmonary diseased human bronchial epithelial cells Acute respiratory distress syndrome


id: cord-334890-7lpe8wa6
type: ORG
entity:
  The Association of Maternal Obesity and Diabetes With Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities Maternal


id: cord-334890-7lpe8wa6
type: ORG
entity:
  the Two Hit Hypothesis of Schizophrenia Pregnancy and Susceptibility to Infectious Diseases Maternal Infection Requiring Hospitalization During Pregnancy and Autism 45


id: cord-272406-h22atwd4
type: DISEASE
entity:
  diabetes cholesterol heart disease respiratory problems e g asthma bronchitis migraines stomach problems back neck or joint pain


id: cord-309273-gtvi37gh
type: GGP
entity:
  Parkinson s disease Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement Personality in Adulthood Personality and sedentary behavior A systematic review and meta


id: cord-309273-gtvi37gh
type: LAW
entity:
  the COVID 19 Outbreak Testing a Moderated Mediation Model and Machine Learning Algorithms Psychological


id: cord-288101-pij16jaa
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  cytoplasmic lipoprotein particles 2 3 triglyceride rich lipoprotein particles 1 9 serosa 2 8 platelet alpha particles 2 8


id: cord-288101-pij16jaa
type: GO
entity:
  endoplasmic reticulum 7 9 protein lipid complexes 2 3 cytoplasmic lipoprotein particles 2 3 triglyceride


id: cord-288101-pij16jaa
type: GGP
entity:
  lipoprotein particles 1 9 serosa 2 8 platelet alpha particles 2 8 endoplasmic reticulum inherent 1 9 extracellular matrix 4 2 chromatin 2 3 pigment granules 5 6 extracellular space 2 3 serosa integrity 2 3 neuronal processes 10 7 secretory granules 5 1 cytoplasmic vesicles 15 4 and cytoskeleton 13 3 Fig 2 Gene


id: cord-309161-ceahghs1
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Lancet Frameworks for Proof of Concept Clinical Trials of Interventions That Target Fundamental Aging Processes


id: cord-309161-ceahghs1
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Understanding the Cumulative Burden of Basic Needs Insecurities Associations With Health and Academic Achievement Among College Students Preconditioning


id: cord-309161-ceahghs1
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Metformin Treatment Was Associated with Decreased Mortality Patients with Diabetes in a Retrospective Analysis Association


id: cord-309161-ceahghs1
type: ORG
entity:
  Remote Ischemic Perconditioning to Reduce Reperfusion Injury During Acute ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction A Systematic Review


id: cord-309161-ceahghs1
type: ORG
entity:
  Health Psychology Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology Childhood Asthma Prevention Study


id: cord-017817-ztp7w9yh
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  AMPactivated protein kinase S phase kinase associated protein 2 p45 coactivatorassociated arginine methyltransferase 1


id: cord-017817-ztp7w9yh
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  CNC homology ECH associated protein 1 Nrf2 nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45 related factors 2 sMAF small musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma Ub Ub Ub poly ubiquitin chain


id: cord-017817-ztp7w9yh
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  transcription factor CHOP cytidine cytidine adenosine adenosine thymidine enhancer binding homologous protein eIF2α eukaryotic translational initiation factor 2α ER


id: cord-017817-ztp7w9yh
type: GGP
entity:
  protein kinase S phase kinase associated protein 2 p45 coactivatorassociated arginine methyltransferase 1 regulatory axis


id: cord-320208-uih4jf8w
type: ORG
entity:
  Motion Capture Data View Project Math Information Retrieval View Project Information Theoretical Analysis of


id: cord-318363-1mv5j4w2
type: DNA
entity:
  human internal circadian clock J o u r n a l P r e p r o o f runs slightly longer than 24 hours and therefore needs


id: cord-318363-1mv5j4w2
type: ORG
entity:
  Insomnia and Related Social Psychological Factors Among Medical Staff Novel Coronavirus Disease Outbreak Clinical


id: cord-292853-xihpfidg
type: ORG
entity:
  the United Nations Principles on the Effective Investigation and Documentation of Torture and Other Cruel Inhuman


id: cord-292853-xihpfidg
type: ORG
entity:
  Catholic Charities United States Church World Service Lutheran Disaster Response National Association of Jewish Chaplains


id: cord-292853-xihpfidg
type: ORG
entity:
  Green Cross Action Aid the United States the American Refugee Committee The Center for Victims of Torture and Doctors Without


# bib

id: cord-005842-mm3ab7cr
author: Sado, Toshiyuki
date: 2011-03-06
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7095834/
doi: 10.1007/s00011-011-0319-4
title:
  Inflammatory pattern recognition receptors and their ligands: factors contributing to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia

abstract:
  PROBLEM: Preeclampsia, a pregnancy-specific hypertensive syndrome, is one of the leading causes of premature births as well as fetal and maternal death. Preeclampsia lacks effective therapies because of the poor understanding of disease pathogenesis. The aim of this paper is to review molecular signaling pathways that could be responsible for the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. METHOD OF STUDY: This article reviews the English-language literature for pathogenesis and pathophysiological mechanisms of preeclampsia based on genome-wide gene expression profiling and proteomic studies. RESULTS: We show that the expression of the genes and proteins involved in response to stress, host-pathogen interactions, immune system, inflammation, lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, growth and tissue remodeling was increased in preeclampsia. Several significant common pathways observed in preeclampsia overlap the datasets identified in TLR (Toll-like receptor)- and RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products)-dependent signaling pathways. Placental oxidative stress and subsequent chronic inflammation are considered to be major contributors to the development of preeclampsia. CONCLUSION: This review summarizes recent advances in TLR- and RAGE-mediated signaling and the target molecules, and provides new insights into the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.


id: cord-009966-6kcgc5fx
title: Role of chronic stress and depression in periodontal diseases
author: Warren, Kimberly R.
date: 2013-12-09
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7167640/
doi: 10.1111/prd.12036
abstract:
  An extensive body of experimental and clinical evidence documents the negative impact of chronic psychological stress and depression on the immune system and health. Chronic stress and depression can result in general dysregulation of the immune system, of both cellular and humoral pathways, which may contribute to pathogenic infection and concomitant periodontal tissue destruction. In general, the evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that stress can modify the host defense and progression of periodontal infections in patients susceptible to periodontitis. However, substantial evidence also indicates that these conditions can mediate risk for disease, including periodontitis, through changes in health‐related behaviors, such as oral hygiene, smoking and diet. The unequivocal interpretation of studies has also been hampered, in part, by issues related to conceptualization of stress and depression, as well as commonly associated comorbidities, such as diabetes, that can modify the onset and progression of periodontal disease. In addition, stress and depression appear to fall into a spectrum, ranging from mild to severe, involving a complex interaction of genetic background, coping strategies and environment. Differences in the conceptualization of stress and depression are probably important in assessing associations with other biologic and clinical measures. Future studies are necessary to clarify the complex interactions of chronic stress and depression in periodontal diseases.


id: cord-011261-h1fzti0i
author: Manning-Geist, Beryl
date: 2019-12-09
txt: ./txt/cord-011261-h1fzti0i.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-011261-h1fzti0i.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7223904/
doi: 10.1007/s40670-019-00881-4
summary:
  A longitudinal survey design was utilized to measure pre-, post-, and long-term (3-month) changes in knowledge (impact of stress on personal health, learning, and patient care), confidence, perceived skills, and attitude (towards utilizing adaptive coping strategies) among participating students (N = 135). All survey instruments included identical questions to measure students'' perceived changes in stress management in four domains: knowledge (impact of stress on their own health, learning, and patient care), confidence, perceived skills, and attitude (towards utilizing adaptive coping strategies to prevent burnout), which used a 5-point Likert-type scale (1 = not at all, 5 = extremely). Overall, students'' mean survey responses demonstrated statistically significant improvement for knowledge about the impact of stress on their overall long-term success, health, learning and patient care, and confidence and skills in recognizing and utilizing adaptive strategies to handle stress and attitude towards seeking help increased from pre-to immediate post-workshop (T1 to T2) (see Table 1 ).

title:
  Pre-clinical Stress Management Workshops Increase Medical Students’ Knowledge and Self-awareness of Coping with Stress

abstract:
  OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of a stress management workshop on medical students’ knowledge of stress and potential coping strategies. METHODS: A panel discussion with small group breakouts on stress in clinical medicine, learning challenges, competition with colleagues, handling stressful events, and recognizing burnout symptoms was conducted with medical students entering clerkships. A longitudinal survey design was utilized to measure pre-, post-, and long-term (3-month) changes in knowledge (impact of stress on personal health, learning, and patient care), confidence, perceived skills, and attitude (towards utilizing adaptive coping strategies) among participating students (N = 135). Paired t test and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the differences between survey responses on a 5-point Likert scale. RESULTS: Survey response rates were pre-90.4%, post-77%, and long-term post-71.1%. Compared to pre-workshop, students reported significant improvement in all four domains immediately post-workshop: knowledge (4.4 vs. 4.7, p < 0.05), confidence (3.6 vs. 3.9, p < 0.05), perceived skills (3.3 vs. 3.7, p < 0.05), and attitude (2.6 vs. 2.8, p < 0.05). Compared to immediate post-workshop, students’ scores slightly decreased at 3 months but were overall significantly higher than the pre-workshop scores. CONCLUSIONS: A stress management workshop can improve medical students’ knowledge of the impact of stress as well as the use of adaptive stress coping strategies.


id: cord-017817-ztp7w9yh
title: Cell-Autonomous (Cell-Intrinsic) Stress Responses
author: Land, Walter Gottlieb
date: 2018-03-28
txt: ./txt/cord-017817-ztp7w9yh.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-017817-ztp7w9yh.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7122488/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-78655-1_18
summary:
  Autophagy is an evolutionarily highly conserved self-digestive process in response to environmental stress to eukaryotic cells, by which cytoplasmic components such as defective/damaged or redundant organelles or protein aggregates are delivered to the lysosome for recycling and degradation. More recent studies then revealed that these transcription factors, notably Nrf2, are activated by Keap1 as the primary negative regulator of Nrf2, that is, a molecule that simultaneously operates as a sensor protein able to perceive dyshomeostatic Subclass IIC-4 DAMPs, for example, in terms of redox changes reflecting electrophilic stress. Strikingly, a complex relationship reportedly exists between autophagy and DAMPs in cellular adaption to stress and injury and cell death characterized by a crosstalk between autophagy induction and secretion or release of DAMPs. In fact, growing evidence indicates that autophagic mechanisms are involved in regulating release and degradation of DAMPs including CALR, HMGB1, ATP, and DNA in several cell types [37, 148, 175] .

abstract:
  In this chapter, the role of cell-intrinsic stress responses is examined which include autophagic processes, the oxidative stress response, the heat shock response, the unfolded proteins response, and the DNA damage response. Autophagy (macroautophagy, microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy) is a self-digestive process in response to environmental stress to eukaryotic cells, by which cytoplasmic components are delivered to the lysosome for recycling and degradation. The oxidative stress response is directed against any oxidative stress and is mediated by antioxidative defense systems including antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, detoxifying enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase, and energy-dependent efflux pumps. The heat shock response is induced upon exposure of cells to any stress condition and characterized by emission of heat shock proteins which operate as DAMPs to maintain and restore homeostasis. The unfolded protein response is induced by any stress of the endoplasmic reticulum that is perceived by three sensor molecules. Under remediable endoplasmic reticulum stress conditions, the sensors trigger signalling pathways to resolve this stress. However, in severe irremediable endoplasmic reticulum stress, the unfolded protein response may lead to pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic responses resulting in regulated cell death. Finally, the DNA damage response is induced by any DNA damage that occurs in a variety of exogenous and endogenous conditions. When successful, this stress response leads to DNA repair and is associated with the emission of various DAMPs which contribute to restoration of homeostasis. When unsuccessful, the DNA damage response, like the unsuccessful unfolded protein response, can result in regulated cell death, either in form of apoptosis or necrosis. Together, the ultimate goal of all the stress responses is to maintain cellular homeostasis and ensure cell integrity. When they fail, the incidence of regulated cell death is frequently observed.


id: cord-022506-fkddo12n
title: Population Wellness: Keeping Cats Physically and Behaviorally Healthy
author: Griffin, Brenda
date: 2011-12-05
txt: ./txt/cord-022506-fkddo12n.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-022506-fkddo12n.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7158173/
doi: 10.1016/b978-1-4377-0660-4.00046-6
abstract: nan
summary:
  Aside from informally "getting to know" cats during their initial acclimation period in a facility, a systematic â�¢ The ability to create different functional areas in the living environments for elimination, resting, and eating â�¢ The ability to hide in a secure place â�¢ The ability to rest/sleep without being disturbed â�¢ The ability to change locations within the environment, including using vertical space for perching â�¢ The ability to regulate body temperature by moving to warmer or cooler surfaces in the environment â�¢ The ability to scratch (which is necessary for claw health and stretching, as well as visual and scent marking) â�¢ The ability to play and exercise at will â�¢ The ability to acquire mental stimulation Because these needs will vary depending upon such factors as life stage, personality, and prior socialization and experience, facilities should maintain a variety of housing styles in order to meet the individual needs of different cats in the population (Figure 46-11) .


id: cord-028176-wsveq2hk
title: Reliability in Extreme Isolation: A Natural Language Processing Tool for Stress Self-assessment
author: Alcibiade, Alessandro
date: 2020-05-29
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7325502/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-51369-6_47
abstract:
  Life in isolation is a condition that affects more people every day. From isolation of people in case of an epidemic (Ebola, Coronavirus, ..) to mineworkers or scientist in the Antarctic environment, it is currently well established that extreme isolation is a stressor element which negatively affects human creating stress and social conflict. Living in outer space is one of the most extreme forms of isolation that can be used as a test bench for isolation research. Crews in space are expected to be able to manage independently stress and social conflict problems to be highly reliable and autonomous. Human natural language (NL) has the potential of being a valuable source of information on crew-members stress and reliability in isolation. Based on the use of NL, the PSI (Performance and Stress in Isolation) research group is developing an Artificial Intelligent tool for the autonomous monitoring of stress and reliability. In order to develop this tool, the first step (here presented) is to investigate the correlation of NL with stress and reliability within the PSI experiment. The experiment consisted of three tasks to be performed periodically during the isolation: 1. Analysis of free written communication (NL); 2. Short self-reference questionnaire; and 3. Detection of heart rate and blood pressure values. In this paper we present the preliminary data collected from 29 participants (17 males and 12 females) to 6 space analogue missions accomplished in Europe, the USA and Israel in the 2016 – 2019 time frames. That is, so far, the largest database ever analyzed of this kind. The results are coherent with what is described in the literature about NLP content and style analysis, with the novelty of the correlations found with the cardiovascular parameters, thus reinforcing the perspective of applying a NLP AI system for supporting stress management in extreme isolation contexts from Space to Earth spin off.


id: cord-256132-ufs9kw3o
title: Perceived stress among students in virtual classrooms during the COVID-19 outbreak in KSA
author: AlAteeq, Deemah A.
date: 2020-08-01
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1658361220301128
doi: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.07.004
abstract:
  OBJECTIVES: The Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) is a novel infection caused by the coronavirus, which rapidly became a global pandemic. As disease outbreaks can adversely affect mental health, in this study, we explored the perceived stress levels among students during the COVID-19 outbreak that led to the adjournment of face-to-face teaching in KSA. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 367 students from KSA, which assessed their socio-demographic characteristics, Perceived Stress Scale, emotions, and concerns during the COVID-19 outbreak. RESULTS: Most participants were female (74.7%) and secondary school (79.8%) students. More than half of the participants showed moderate levels of stress (55%), while 30.2% registered high levels. Females and university students showed a significant association with stress level (p-value = 0.003 and 0.049, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: There was a moderate to high level of stress among students in KSA at the start of the COVID-19 outbreak. This study found a significant correlation between a high level of stress and female university students. The integration of online counselling and stress management programs would help mitigate the stress of students during distance learning.


id: cord-256504-odbaubqm
author: Kuo, Fang‐Li
date: 2020-08-19
url: https://doi.org/10.1002/kjm2.12294
doi: 10.1002/kjm2.12294
title:
  Survey on perceived work stress and its influencing factors among hospital staff during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Taiwan

abstract:
  This study aimed to investigate the perceived work stress and its influencing factors among hospital staff during the novel coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic in Taiwan. A web‐based survey was conducted at one medical center and two regional hospitals in southern Taiwan, targeting physicians, nurses, medical examiners, and administrators. The questionnaire included items on the demographic characteristics of hospital staff and a scale to assess stress among healthcare workers caring for patients with a highly infectious disease. A total of 752 valid questionnaires were collected. The hospital staff reported a moderate level of stress and nurses had a highest level of stress compared to staff in the other three occupational categories. The five highest stress scores were observed for the items “rough and cracked hands due to frequent hand washing and disinfectant use,” “inconvenience in using the toilet at work,” “restrictions on eating and drinking at work,” “fear of transmitting the disease to relatives and friends,” and “fear of being infected with COVID‐19.” Discomfort caused by protective equipment was the major stressor for the participants, followed by burden of caring for patients. Among participants who experienced severe stress (n = 129), work stress was higher among those with rather than without minor children. The present findings may serve as a reference for future monitoring of hospital staff's workload, and may aid the provision of support and interventions.


id: cord-262551-hxhlhb5m
author: van der Gronde, Toon
date: 2020-05-06
url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00412
doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00412
title:
  Toward a New Model of Understanding, Preventing, and Treating Adolescent Depression Focusing on Exhaustion and Stress

abstract:
  OBJECTIVE: Adolescent depression is a heterogeneous disorder, with a wide variety of symptoms and inconsistent treatment response, and is not completely understood. A dysregulated stress system is a consistent finding, however, and exhaustion is a consistent trait in adolescent patients. The aim of this paper is to critically assess current hypotheses in adolescent depression research and reframe causes and treatment approaches. METHODS: A mixed-method approach involved a review based on publications from PubMed, Embase and PsycInfo, and two exemplary adolescent cases. RESULTS: Both cases show a spiral of stress and exhaustion, but with a different profile of symptoms and coping mechanisms. Reframing both cases from the perspective of coping behavior, searching for the sources of experienced stress and exhaustion, showed coping similarities. This proved essential in the successful personalized treatment and recovery process. In combination with recent evidence, both cases support the functional reframing of depression as the outcome of a stress- and exhaustion-related spiralling mechanism. CONCLUSIONS: We propose to open up a symptom-based, mood-centered view to a model in which adolescent depression is framed as a consecutive failure of stress coping mechanisms and chronic exhaustion. Addressing exhaustion and coping primarily as a treatment strategy in adolescents and young adults might work in synergy with existing treatments and improve overall outcomes. This perspective warrants further investigation.


id: cord-263518-6puccigu
title: Coronavirus Outbreak and Stress in Iranians
author: Maarefvand, Masoomeh
date: 2020-06-20
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32575763/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17124441
abstract:
  Iran has faced one of the worst COVID-19 outbreaks in the world, and no studies to date have examined COVID-19-related stress in the general Iranian population. In this first population-based study, a web-based survey was conducted during the peak of the outbreak to assess stress and its correlates in the Iranian population. A 54-item, valid, and reliable questionnaire, including items on demographic characteristics and past medical history, stress levels, awareness about signs and symptoms of COVID-19, knowledge about at-risk groups and prevention methods, knowledge about transmission methods, trust in sources of information, and availability of facemasks and sanitizers, was deployed via social and mass media networks. A total of 3787 Iranians participated in the study where the majority of the participants were females (67.4%), employed (56.1%), from developed provinces (81.6%), without chronic diseases (66.6%), and with ≥13 years of formal education (87.9%). The mean age of study participants was 34.9 years (range = 12–73), and the average stress score was 3.33 (SD = ±1.02). Stress score was significantly higher for females, those who were 30–39 years old, housewives, those with chronic diseases, individuals who were aware that there is no vaccine to prevent COVID-19, those who could not get facemasks or sanitizers, and individuals with higher knowledge about at-risk groups (p < 0.05). There was a significant correlation of stress scores with knowledge about prevention methods for COVID-19 (r = 0.21, p = 0.01) and trust in sources of information about COVID-19 (r = −0.18, p = 0.01). All of the predictors, except knowledge of two important at-risk groups and education, had a significant effect on stress scores based on a multivariate regression model. The COVID-19 outbreak could increase stress among all population groups, with certain groups at higher risk. In the high-risk groups and based on experience with previous pandemics, interventions are needed to prevent long-term psychological effects. Professional support and family-centered programs should be a part of pandemic mitigation-related policymaking and public health practices.


id: cord-267907-zbsbqj9o
title: Stress and Parenting during the Global COVID-19 Pandemic
author: Brown, Samantha M.
date: 2020-08-20
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0145213420303549?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104699
abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Stress and compromised parenting often place children at risk of abuse and neglect. Child maltreatment has generally been viewed as a highly individualistic problem by focusing on stressors and parenting behaviors that impact individual families. However, because of the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), families across the world are experiencing a new range of stressors that threaten their health, safety, and economic well-being. OBJECTIVE: This study examined the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in relation to parental perceived stress and child abuse potential. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Participants included parents (N = 183) with a child under the age of 18 years in the western United States. METHOD: Tests of group differences and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were employed to assess the relationships among demographic characteristics, COVID-19 related stressors, mental health risk, protective factors, parental perceived stress, and child abuse potential. RESULTS: Greater COVID-19 related stressors and high anxiety and depressive symptoms are associated with higher parental perceived stress and child abuse potential. Conversely, greater parental support and perceived control during the pandemic may have a protective effect against perceived stress and child abuse potential. Results also indicate racial and ethnic differences in COVID-19 related stressors, but not in mental health risk, protective factors, perceived stress, or child abuse potential. CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that although families experience elevated stressors from COVID-19, providing parental support and increasing perceived control may be promising intervention targets.


id: cord-270469-lle32mha
title: The endoplasmic reticulum: a sensor of cellular stress that modulates immune responses
author: Martinon, Fabio
date: 2012-07-15
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1286457912001827
doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2012.07.005
abstract:
  Many inflammatory and infectious diseases are characterized by the activation of signaling pathways steaming from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). These pathways, primarily associated with loss of ER homeostasis, are emerging as key regulators of inflammation and infection. Recent advances shed light on the mechanisms linking ER-stress and immune responses.


id: cord-272268-8vrcwwll
title: Chapter 4 Regulation of Translation by Stress Granules and Processing Bodies
author: Kedersha, Nancy
date: 2009-10-27
txt: ./txt/cord-272268-8vrcwwll.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-272268-8vrcwwll.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1877117309900047
doi: 10.1016/s1877-1173(09)90004-7
summary:
  Cytoplasmic stress granules (SGs) and processing bodies (PBs) are dynamic structures that form in response to stress-induced translational arrest. Critical components of the ''''cell biology'''' of protein translation are mRNP granules known as processing bodies (PBs) and stress granules (SGs). These transient cytoplasmic ''''structures'''' are actively assembled from untranslated mRNA by a host of RNA-binding proteins, which determine whether specific transcripts will be reinitiated, degraded, or stored. In 1999, it was noted that stress-induced translational arrest causes untranslated mRNPs to assemble into large cytoplasmic ''''SGs,'''' whose formation is triggered by, and dependent upon, the phosphorylation of eIF2a. Virus infection also induces the assembly of SGs and PBs suggesting that RNA granules play a role in reprogramming mRNA translation/decay during viral infection. RNA-binding proteins TIA-1 and TIAR link the phosphorylation of eIF-2a to the assembly of mammalian stress granules

abstract:
  Stress necessitates rapid reprogramming of translation in order to facilitate an adaptive response and promote survival. Cytoplasmic stress granules (SGs) and processing bodies (PBs) are dynamic structures that form in response to stress-induced translational arrest. PBs are linked to mRNA silencing and decay, while SGs are more closely linked to translation and the sorting of specific mRNAs for different fates. While they share some components and can interact physically, SGs and PBs are regulated independently, house separate functions, and contain unique markers. SG formation is associated with numerous disease states, and the expanding list of SG-associated proteins integrates SG formation with other processes such as transcription, splicing, and survival. Growing evidence suggests that SG assembly is initiated by translational arrest, and mediates cross talk with many other signaling pathways.


id: cord-272406-h22atwd4
title: The Principal at Risk: Stress and Organizing Mindfulness in the School Context
author: Diotaiuti, Pierluigi
date: 2020-08-31
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32878001/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17176318
abstract:
  Background: In recent years the role of school principals is becoming increasingly complex and responsible. Methods: This study was voluntarily attended by 419 Italian school principals who were administered the Psychological Stress Measurement (MSP), Mindfulness Organizing Scale (MOS), Polychronic-Monochronic Tendency Scale (PMTS), and the Scale of Emotions at Work (SEW). Results: The study has produced a path analysis model in which the relationships between the main predictors of principals’ work discomfort were explained. The effect of depressive anxiety on perceived discomfort (ß = 0.517) found a protective mediator in the mindfulness component that recognizes the sharing as a fundamental operational tool (ß = −0.206), while an increasing sense of effort and confusion could significantly amplify the experience of psychological discomfort associated with the exercise of school leadership (ß = 0.254). Conclusions: The model developed in this study suggests that focusing on organizing mindfulness can be a valuable guideline for interventions.


id: cord-279214-7vna4uyo
title: Participant stress in the COVID-19 era and beyond
author: Goldfarb, Elizabeth V.
date: 2020-09-25
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32978609/
doi: 10.1038/s41583-020-00388-7
abstract:
  The COVID-19 pandemic represents a worldwide stressor. Considering the influence of stress on research participants during this time and beyond may provide new insights and benefit the broader field of human neuroscience.


id: cord-280605-2i4gk7et
author: Bachmann, María Consuelo
date: 2020-10-14
txt: ./txt/cord-280605-2i4gk7et.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-280605-2i4gk7et.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33162985/
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.570083
summary:
  With increasing age, the dynamics and proportion of lymphocytes and myeloid cells differ depending on the sex due to the differential expression of 144 genes of the immune response in men and women (71) . Anti-inflammatory effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and their biologically active metabolites (D and E Resolvinsmediators derived from omega-3 fatty acids, primarily EPA and DHA that block the production of proinflammatory mediators and regulate leukocyte trafficking to inflammatory sites) can be mediated through one of the mechanisms capable of reducing inflammation of RAW-264.7 cells and of primary intraperitoneal macrophages (105) . Exposure to various alarm signals induce an acute inflammation that, when associated with deleterious environmental and biological factors, potentiates chronic inflammation, which can be further promoted by excess ROS production and oxidative stress that results from mitochondrial dysfunction or NOX2 activity, leading to inflammaging and eventually to age-related disease.

title:
  The Challenge by Multiple Environmental and Biological Factors Induce Inflammation in Aging: Their Role in the Promotion of Chronic Disease

abstract:
  The aging process is driven by multiple mechanisms that lead to changes in energy production, oxidative stress, homeostatic dysregulation and eventually to loss of functionality and increased disease susceptibility. Most aged individuals develop chronic low-grade inflammation, which is an important risk factor for morbidity, physical and cognitive impairment, frailty, and death. At any age, chronic inflammatory diseases are major causes of morbimortality, affecting up to 5–8% of the population of industrialized countries. Several environmental factors can play an important role for modifying the inflammatory state. Genetics accounts for only a small fraction of chronic-inflammatory diseases, whereas environmental factors appear to participate, either with a causative or a promotional role in 50% to 75% of patients. Several of those changes depend on epigenetic changes that will further modify the individual response to additional stimuli. The interaction between inflammation and the environment offers important insights on aging and health. These conditions, often depending on the individual’s sex, appear to lead to decreased longevity and physical and cognitive decline. In addition to biological factors, the environment is also involved in the generation of psychological and social context leading to stress. Poor psychological environments and other sources of stress also result in increased inflammation. However, the mechanisms underlying the role of environmental and psychosocial factors and nutrition on the regulation of inflammation, and how the response elicited for those factors interact among them, are poorly understood. Whereas certain deleterious environmental factors result in the generation of oxidative stress driven by an increased production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inflammation, other factors, including nutrition (polyunsaturated fatty acids) and behavioral factors (exercise) confer protection against inflammation, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and thus ameliorate their deleterious effect. Here, we discuss processes and mechanisms of inflammation associated with environmental factors and behavior, their links to sex and gender, and their overall impact on aging.


id: cord-286416-8eu6wp9b
title: Viral modulation of stress granules
author: Valiente-Echeverría, Fernando
date: 2012-06-14
txt: ./txt/cord-286416-8eu6wp9b.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-286416-8eu6wp9b.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168170212002018
doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2012.06.004
summary:
  If deadenylation (e.g., CCR4/Not1), destabilization (e.g., TTP/XRN1) and decapping (e.g., DCP1/DCP2) complex; and even RISC (Ago) complex are recruited to mRNA, these will be targeted to PBs. Conversely, if TIA-1/TIAR or proteins such as G3BP/USP10 are recruited to the stalled initiation complexes, these will be directed to SGs. Different pathways in SG assembly are described (in red): (i) phosphorylation of eIF2␣ induced by the exposure to different stress inducers (e.g., arsenite and thapsigargin) (Fig. 1) ; (ii) Hippuristanol and Pateamine A, drugs that inhibit the helicase activity of eIF4A altering ATP binding or ATPase activity; and (iii) the overexpression of SG markers, such as G3BP or TIA-1. West Nile virus infections suppress early viral RNA synthesis and avoid inducing the cell stress granule response Interaction of TIA-1/TIAR with West Nile and dengue virus products in infected cells interferes with stress granule formation and processing body assembly

abstract:
  Following viral infection, the host responds by mounting a robust anti-viral response with the aim of creating an unfavorable environment for viral replication. As a countermeasure, viruses have elaborated mechanisms to subvert the host response in order to maintain viral protein synthesis and production. In the last decade, several reports have shown that viruses modulate the assembly of stress granules (SGs), which are translationally silent ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) and sites of RNA triage. This review discusses recent advances in our understanding of the interactions between viruses and the host response and how virus-induced modulations in SG abundance play fundamental roles in dictating the success of viral replication.


id: cord-288101-pij16jaa
title: Proteomic analysis of the response of porcine adrenal gland to heat stress
author: Li, Jun-Yu
date: 2019-02-28
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0034528818310993
doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.11.004
abstract:
  Abstract Heat stress (HS) and its associated pathologies are major challenges facing the pig industry in southern China, and are responsible for large economic losses. However, the molecular mechanisms governing the abnormal secretion of HS-responsive hormones, such as glucocorticoids, are not fully understood. The goal of this study was to investigate differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the adrenal glands of pigs, and to elucidate changes in the immune neuroendocrine system in pigs following HS. Through a functional proteomics approach, we identified 1202 peptides, corresponding to 415 proteins. Of these, we found 226 DEPs between heat-stressed and control porcine adrenal gland tissue; 99 of these were up-regulated and 127 were down-regulated in response to HS. These DEPs included proteins involved in substrate transport, cytoskeletal changes, and stress responses. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was used to identify the subcellular characterization, functional pathway involvement, regulatory networks, and upstream regulators of the identified proteins. Functional network and pathway analyses may provide insights into the complexity and dynamics of HS-host interactions, and may accelerate our understanding of the mechanisms of HS.


id: cord-292853-xihpfidg
title: Social, cultural, and other diversity issues in the traumatic stress field
author: Ford, Julian D.
date: 2015-08-07
txt: ./txt/cord-292853-xihpfidg.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-292853-xihpfidg.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/B978012801288800011X
doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801288-8.00011-x
summary:
  A social-ecological framework is used to differentiate the impact of exposure to traumatic stressors and the development of (or resistance to) PTSD, based on the individual''s or group''s (i) personal, unique physical characteristics, including skin color, racial background, gender, and sexual orientation; and (ii) family, ethnocultural, and community membership, including majority or minority group status, religious beliefs and practices, socioeconomic resources, and political and civic affiliations. Depending on Social, cultural, and other diversity issues in the traumatic stress field 505 their cultural background and its traditions and beliefs, individuals may also have "multiple vulnerability status"-that is, to be members of more than one group or to have characteristic that cause them to be even more susceptible to discrimination or victimization (i.e., adolescent black male in the United States; a baby born with physical or developmental disabilities in a culture that endorses selective resources to the ablebodied; a gay man or lesbian woman of color in a highly homophobic and racist society).

abstract:
  This chapter describes how the impact of psychological trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) differ, depending on individual differences and the social and cultural context and culture-specific teachings and resources available to individuals, families, and communities. A social-ecological framework is used to differentiate the impact of exposure to traumatic stressors and the development of (or resistance to) PTSD, based on the individual’s or group’s (i) personal, unique physical characteristics, including skin color, racial background, gender, and sexual orientation; and (ii) family, ethnocultural, and community membership, including majority or minority group status, religious beliefs and practices, socioeconomic resources, and political and civic affiliations. While personal, familial, social, and cultural factors can be a positive resource contributing to safety and well-being, they also can be a basis for placing the person, group, or entire community or population in harm’s way or at heightened risk of developing PTSD.


id: cord-294422-hsqphc3t
title: Impact of COVID-19 on the Mental Health of Healthcare Professionals in Pakistan
author: Sandesh, Ram
date: 2020-07-02
txt: ./txt/cord-294422-hsqphc3t.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-294422-hsqphc3t.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.8974
doi: 10.7759/cureus.8974
summary:
  The psychological response of HCPs to an epidemic could be dependent on many factors which may cause anxiety and stress such as feeling vulnerable to infection, lack of control over the situation, the spread of the virus, health of their family, and being isolated [11] . It can be also seen that many of the factors due to which HCPs suffer from these ill-effects can be potentially modified, for example, such as free provision of PPEs to all healthcare workers, promoting general public awareness about COVID-19, and building better infrastructure to encourage lighter work hours can all be carried out by the government and thus have a positive impact on the mental health of HCPs. In our study, high levels of anxiety, stress and depression among health care professionals were noted, which is a cause for concern. Since there is a high prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress among HCPs treating COVID-19 patients, it is imperative to invest resources to promote the mental health welfare of frontline professionals.

abstract:
  Introduction As a result of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, health care professionals (HDPs) are facing immense strain due to the heavy load of cases. In many cases, they work increasingly long hours, often with limited resources and a dubious infrastructure. Thus, it is important to check on the mental health of caregivers. Methods and materials This cross-sectional study was conducted in May 2020, at various hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan. All HCPs posted in the COVID-19 isolation wards were invited to participate and a total of 112 completed this study. A carefully structured form was created, which included the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). Results The overall mean score of anxiety was 19.01 ± 9.2, depression was 18.12 ± 10, and stress was 20.12 ± 12.0. There were 81 (72.3%) participants who suffered from moderate to extremely severe depression, 96 ( 85.7%) participants who suffered from moderate to extremely severe anxiety, and 101 (90.1%) participants who reported moderate to extreme stress levels Conclusions It is evident that there are a high number of healthcare workers affected by various psychological ailments such as anxiety, stress, and depression. It is important that the government take steps to ensure that HCPs' mental health is regularly checked and that efforts are made to reduce their burdens.


id: cord-294945-hcf7gsv8
title: Comparative proteomic analysis of cauliflower under high temperature and flooding stresses
author: Lin, K.H.
date: 2015-02-12
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2014.12.013
doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2014.12.013
abstract:
  High-temperature and waterlogging are major abiotic stresses that affect the yield and quality of cauliflower. Cauliflower cultivars ‘H41’ and ‘H69’ are tolerant to high temperature and flooding, respectively; however, ‘H71’ is sensitive to both stresses. The objectives of this study were to identify the proteins that were differentially regulated and the physiological changes that occurred during different time periods in ‘H41’, ‘H69’, and ‘H71’ when responding to treatments of flooding, 40 °C, and both stresses combined. Changes in the leaf proteome were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and identified by Mascot peptide mass fingerprint (PMF) and database searching. Stress treatments caused significant reductions in electrolyte leakage, chlorophyll fluorescence Fv/Fm, chlorophyll content, and water potential as stress times were prolonged. By the comparative proteomic analysis, 85 protein peaks that were differentially expressed in response to combination treatments at 0, 6, and 24 h, 69 (33 in ‘H41’, 29 in ‘H69’, and 9 in ‘H71’) were identified, of which were cultivar specific. Differentially regulated proteins predominantly functioned in photosynthesis and to a lesser extent in energy metabolism, cellular homeostasis, transcription and translation, signal transduction, and protein biosynthesis. This is the first report that utilizes proteomics to discover changes in the protein expression profile of cauliflower in response to heat and flooding.


id: cord-295767-92oxdmxq
author: Aga, Syed Sameer
date: 2020-07-28
txt: ./txt/cord-295767-92oxdmxq.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-295767-92oxdmxq.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemep.2020.100571
doi: 10.1016/j.jemep.2020.100571
summary:
  Our study aimed to investigate the immediate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic enforced lockdown on mental health and quality of life among general population aged 18 years and to identify various coping strategies used under lockdown. This study identifies the need to provide the free professional and psychological services to help cope with stress during the disease enforced lockdown. Hence, to answer these burning questions we designed this study to attempt to evaluate the depression, anxiety and stress of the general people living under the COVID enforced lockdown in various cities of the world and also to understand how they are utilizing their lockdown time to cope with such an unprecedented isolation and quarantine. This is the first study that has evaluated the mental health of respondents during COVID lockdown using DASS-42 across general population. COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown 1 measures impact on mental health among the general population in Italy.

title:
  Évaluation de la santé mentale et des diverses stratégies d''adaptation dans la population générale vivant sous l''emprise de la COVID à travers le monde : Une étude transversal

abstract:
  Résumé La maladie à corona (COVID-19) qui s'est déclarée en décembre 2019 dans la ville chinoise de Wuhan est devenue une menace mondiale et constitue actuellement la plus grande épidémie connue de pneumonie atypique affectant tous les continents du monde avec environ 6 416 828 cas et 382 867 décès. On sait que les confinements imposés par la maladie provoquent des niveaux accrus de dépression, d'anxiété et de stress. Notre étude visait à étudier l'impact immédiat du confinement imposé par la pandémie de COVID-19 sur la santé mentale et la qualité de vie de la population générale âgée de 18 ans et à identifier les différentes stratégies d'adaptation utilisées dans le cadre du confinement. Une enquête en ligne a été menée entre le 1er avril et le 10 mai 2020, à l'aide d'un questionnaire validé basé sur la DASS-42, en utilisant une technique d'échantillonnage en boule de neige. Au total, 418 réponses provenant de 16 pays différents ont été reçues. Les personnes interrogées présentaient un niveau élevé de dépression et d'anxiété, qui différaient sensiblement entre les sexes. En outre, les participants des pays en développement - Inde et Pakistan - souffraient de dépression grave, tandis que les participants de l'Inde, du Pakistan et du Royaume d'Arabie Saoudite souffraient d'anxiété grave. Nous avons également constaté que parmi les différentes stratégies d'adaptation, a) regarder la télévision pour se divertir, b) les réseaux sociaux, c) écouter de la musique, d) dormir, e) faire des tâches ménagères banales comme le nettoyage, la lessive, etc. f) bien manger, et g) nettoyer/finir mon travail accumulé ont été classés parmi les stratégies d'adaptation les plus utilisées par tous les participants. Cette étude identifie le besoin de fournir des services professionnels et psychologiques gratuits pour aider à faire face au stress pendant le confinement imposé par la maladie. ABSTRACT The 2019 corona virus disease (COVID-19) which outbreak in December 2019, in the Chinese city of Wuhan has became a global threat and is currently the largest known outbreak of atypical pneumonia affecting every continent of the world with about 6,416,828 cases and 382,867 deaths. Disease enforced lockdowns are known to cause heightened levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Our study aimed to investigate the immediate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic enforced lockdown on mental health and quality of life among general population aged 18 years and to identify various coping strategies used under lockdown. An online survey was conducted between 1st of April - 10th of May, 2020; using a validated questionnaire based on DASS-42, employing a snowball sampling technique. A total of 418 responses from 16 different countries were received. The respondents had a high level of depression and anxiety scores, which were significantly different among genders. Also, participants from developing countries – India and Pakistan had severe depression while as participants from India, Pakistan and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia had severe anxiety. We also found that among the various coping strategies, a) watching television for entertainment, b) social networking, c) listening to music, d) sleeping, e) doing mundane house chores like cleaning, washing etc f) eating well, and g) clearing/finishing my piled-up work were ranked among the most utilized coping strategies by all participants. This study identifies the need to provide the free professional and psychological services to help cope with stress during the disease enforced lockdown.


id: cord-297673-rh8o4eu9
author: Vahedian-Azimi, Amir
date: 2020-08-08
url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02804-9
doi: 10.1186/s12888-020-02804-9
title:
  Comparison of the severity of psychological distress among four groups of an Iranian population regarding COVID-19 pandemic

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused serious psychological problems, including panic attack, anxiety, stress, and depression. The main objective of this study was to measure the prevalence and compare the severity of this psychological distress among four groups of an Iranian population. METHOD: In a cross-sectional survey, the mental health status of four groups of an Iranian society including community population, patients with COVID-19, medical staff, and medical students were investigated by the self-report questionnaire of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS). DASS-21 questionnaire and the demographic data sheet were filled out by the participants. All statistical analyses were done using R version 3.6.1 software. P-values less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. ANOVA test was used to compare the severity of stress, anxiety, and depression between the four study groups. RESULTS: Of the 886 participants in this survey, 554 (62.5%) were men and 332 (37.5%) were women, and the mean ± standard division of age was 40.91 ± 10.7 years. Among these participants, 241 (27.2%) were selected from community population, 221 (24.9%) were patients with COVID-19, 217 (24.5%) were medical staff, and 207 (23.4%) were medical students. The mean score of stress, anxiety, and depression in medical students and patients with COVID-19 was significantly higher than in medical staff and community population (P < 0.05). Overall, the anxiety score in men was higher than that in women (27.4 ± 4.6 vs. 26.48 ± 4.8, P = 0.006), and unmarried participants had a significantly higher depression score compared with the married group (27.5 ± 4.8 vs. 26.7 ± 4.6, P = 0.023). In addition, the score of depression was higher in female medical staff (27.08 ± 4.6 vs. 25.33 ± 4.3, P = 0.011) and community population (26.6 ± 4.3 vs. 25.3 ± 4.3, P = 0.02) than in male. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 patients and medical students in contact with these patients were at a high risk for mental illness due to lower experience compared with professional medical staff and community population. Continuous surveillance and monitoring of psychological distress for outbreaks should become a routine part of preparedness efforts worldwide.


id: cord-302185-pnw3xiun
author: Bodecka, Marta
date: 2021-01-01
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191886920305869
doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110395
title:
  Gender as a moderator between Present-Hedonistic time perspective and depressive symptoms or stress during COVID-19 lock-down

abstract:
  Although numerous studies have addressed the impact of the COVID-19 lock-downs on psychological distress, scarce data is available relating to the role of Present-Hedonistic (PH) time perspective and gender differences in the development of depressive symptoms and stress during the period of strict social distancing. We hypothesized that gender would moderate the relationship between PH and depressiveness or stress levels, such that PH would negatively correlate with psychological distress in women but correlate positively in men. The present study was online and questionnaire-based. N = 230 participants aged 15–73 from the general population took part in the study. The results of moderation analysis allowed for full acceptance of the hypothesis for depression as a factor, but for stress the hypothesis was only partially confirmed, since the relationship between PH time perspective and stress was not significant for men (although it was positive, as expected). The findings are pioneering in terms of including PH time perspective in predicting psychological distress during the COVID-19 lock-down and have potentially significant implications for practicing clinicians, who could include the development of more adaptive time perspectives and balance them in their therapeutic work with people experiencing lock-down-related distress.


id: cord-302254-egt9qdib
author: Amaral-Prado, Heloísa Monteiro
date: 2020-11-08
txt: ./txt/cord-302254-egt9qdib.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-302254-egt9qdib.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33161815/
doi: 10.1177/0020764020971318
summary:
  AIMS: The aim of this study was to analyze and compare perceived stress, resilience, depression symptoms and coping strategies on the members of University of Campinas, in Brazil, before and during the outbreak of the COVID-19. METHODS: Volunteers over 18 years of both sexes, members of the University of Campinas (Unicamp) in Brazil answered instruments related to perceived stress, depression, resilience and coping strategies during final exams at the end of semester during 2018 to 2020. Given the expected impact of the situation due the confinement and COVID-19 crisis, the aim of this study was to analyze and compare perceived stress, resilience, depression symptoms and coping strategies on the members of University of Campinas, in Brazil, before and during the outbreak of the COVID-19. Graduate students exhibited higher scores for perceived stress and depressive signs and lower resilience scores in the period before COVID-19 when compared to employees and professors.

title:
  The impact of confinement in the psychosocial behaviour due COVID-19 among members of a Brazilian university

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: The current situation due COVID-19 may cause an eminent impact on mental health because the confinement restrictions. AIMS: The aim of this study was to analyze and compare perceived stress, resilience, depression symptoms and coping strategies on the members of University of Campinas, in Brazil, before and during the outbreak of the COVID-19. METHODS: Volunteers over 18 years of both sexes, members of the University of Campinas (Unicamp) in Brazil answered instruments related to perceived stress, depression, resilience and coping strategies during final exams at the end of semester during 2018 to 2020. RESULTS: We obtained 1,135 responses (893 before COVID-19 and 242 during COVID-19). The volunteers did not show significant differences for perceived stress, depressive signs and resilience before and during the pandemic. In both periods, men exhibited lower scores for perceived stress and depression and higher scores for resilience when compared to women. Undergraduate and graduate students exhibited higher perceived stress scores, more pronounced depressive signs and lower resilience, and employees and professors presented lower scores for perceived stress, depressive signs and greater resilience. CONCLUSIONS: These first months of confinement did not directly affect the scores of perceived stress, depression and resilience, however, each subgroup adapted to the new routine by changing the coping strategy used. This study suggests the importance of monitoring the mental health of member in the university, especially in times of epidemic, in the search for policies that aim to improve the resilience of the population and seek positive and effective coping strategies within the university environment.


id: cord-304208-jwlc8fxj
author: Vagni, Monia
date: 2020-09-03
url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.566912
doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.566912
title:
  Coping With COVID-19: Emergency Stress, Secondary Trauma and Self-Efficacy in Healthcare and Emergency Workers in Italy

abstract:
  Coping with the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a significant risk factor for the psychological distress of health workers. Hence, this study explores the relationship between coping strategies used by healthcare and emergency workers in Italy to manage the stress factors related to the COVID-19 emergency, which may result in the risk of developing secondary trauma. We study differences between healthcare (n = 121) and emergency workers (n = 89) in terms of their coping strategies, emergency stress, and secondary trauma, as well as the relationships of these differences to demographic variables and other stress factors (Instructions and Equipment). For this purpose, we collected data from participants through the following questionnaires online: Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale – Italian Version, The Coping Self-Efficacy Scale – Short Form, an original questionnaire on stressors, and the Emergency Stress Questionnaire (to assess organizational–relational, physical, decisional inefficacy, emotional, cognitive, and COVID-19 stress). We performed a t-test, correlational analysis, and hierarchical regression. The analyses reveal that compared with the emergency worker group, the health worker group has greater levels of emergency stress and arousal and is more willing to use problem-focused coping. Healthcare workers involved in the treatment of COVID-19 are exposed to a large degree of stress and could experience secondary trauma; hence, it is essential to plan prevention strategies for future pandemic situations. Moreover, individual efficacy in stopping negative emotions and thoughts could be a protective strategy against stress and secondary trauma.


id: cord-309161-ceahghs1
title: The geroscience agenda: What does stress have to do with it?
author: Epel, Elissa S.
date: 2020-09-28
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1568163720303020
doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101167
abstract:
  Geroscience offers a counterpoint to the challenged pursuit of curing diseases of aging by focusing on slowing the biological aging process for extended healthspan earlier in life. Remarkable progress has led this field toward animal trials and the next challenge lies with translation to humans. There is an emerging number of small human trials that can take advantage of new models integrating behavioral and social factors. Understanding dynamic aging mechanisms, given the powerful social determinants of aging (Crimmins, 2019) and human variability and environmental contexts (Moffitt, 2019), will be critical. Behavioral and social factors are intrinsic to aging. Toxic stressors broadly defined can lead to stress-acceleration of aging, either directly impacting aging processes or by shaping poor behavioral health, and underlie the socioeconomic disparities of aging. In contrast, hormetic stressors, acute intermittent stressors of moderate intensity, can produce stress resilience, the ability for quick recovery and possibly rejuvenation of cells and tissues. Although health research usually examines static biomarkers, aging is reflected in ability to recover from challenges pointing to new interventions and targets for examining mechanisms. A fuller model incorporating stress resilience provides innovative biobehavioral interventions, both for bolstering response to challenges, such as COVID-19, and for improving healthspan.


id: cord-309273-gtvi37gh
author: Flesia, Luca
date: 2020-10-19
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9103350
doi: 10.3390/jcm9103350
title:
  Predicting Perceived Stress Related to the Covid-19 Outbreak through Stable Psychological Traits and Machine Learning Models

abstract:
  The global SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and subsequent lockdown had a significant impact on people’s daily lives, with strong implications for stress levels due to the threat of contagion and restrictions to freedom. Given the link between high stress levels and adverse physical and mental consequences, the COVID-19 pandemic is certainly a global public health issue. In the present study, we assessed the effect of the pandemic on stress levels in N = 2053 Italian adults, and characterized more vulnerable individuals on the basis of sociodemographic features and stable psychological traits. A set of 18 psycho-social variables, generalized regressions, and predictive machine learning approaches were leveraged. We identified higher levels of perceived stress in the study sample relative to Italian normative values. Higher levels of distress were found in women, participants with lower income, and participants living with others. Higher rates of emotional stability and self-control, as well as a positive coping style and internal locus of control, emerged as protective factors. Predictive learning models identified participants with high perceived stress, with a sensitivity greater than 76%. The results suggest a characterization of people who are more vulnerable to experiencing high levels of stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. This characterization may contribute to early and targeted intervention strategies.


id: cord-309892-z7rb7adi
author: TRAYLOR, Claire S.
date: 2020-09-24
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S258993332030197X
doi: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100229
title:
  Effects of psychological stress on adverse pregnancy outcomes and non-pharmacologic approaches for reduction: an expert review

abstract:
  Both acute and chronic stress can cause allostatic overload, or long-term imbalance in mediators of homeostasis, that results in disruptions in the maternal-placental-fetal endocrine and immune system responses. During pregnancy, disruptions in homeostasis may increase the likelihood of preterm birth and pre-eclampsia. Expectant mothers traditionally have high rates of anxiety and depressive disorders and many are susceptible to a variety of stressors during pregnancy. These common life stressors include financial concerns and relationship challenges and may be exacerbated by the biologic, social and psychologic changes occurring during pregnancy. In addition, external stressors such as major weather events (e.g., hurricanes, tornados, floods) and other global phenomena (e.g., the COVID-19 pandemic) may contribute to significant stress during pregnancy. This review investigates recent literature published about the use of non-pharmacologic modalities for stress relief in pregnancy and examines the interplay between psychiatric diagnoses and stressors, with the purpose of evaluating the feasibility of implementing non-pharmacologic interventions as sole therapies or in conjunction with psychotherapy or psychiatric medication therapy. Further, the effectiveness of each non-pharamacologic therapy in reducing symptoms of maternal stress is reviewed. Mindfulness meditation and biofeedback have shown effectiveness in improving one’s mental health such as depressive symptoms and anxiety. Exercise, including yoga, may improve both depressive symptoms and birth outcomes. Expressive writing has successfully been applied post-partum and in response to pregnancy challenges. Though some of these non-pharmacologic interventions can be convenient and low cost, there is a trend towards inconsistent implementation of these modalities. Future investigations should focus on methods to increase ease of uptake , ensure each option is available at home, and a standardized way to evaluate whether combinations of different interventions may provide added benefit.


id: cord-312362-i18rlo2r
author: Yan, Linlin
date: 2020-10-29
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0887618520301420?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102328
title:
  The relationship between perceived stress and emotional distress during the COVID-19 outbreak: Effects of boredom proneness and coping style

abstract:
  The outbreak of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic was a great threat to the physical and mental health of the general population. Our research aimed to investigate the relationship between perceived stress and emotional distress during the initial outbreak. Furthermore, potential risk and protective factors, i.e., coping and boredom proneness, of stress-related emotional distress were also explored. Data from 3233 participants in China were collected through an online survey platform during the initial outbreak of the COVID-19 from January 31 to February 9 in 2020. The results showed that higher perceived stress was associated with more emotional distress including depression, fear, compulsion-anxiety, neurasthenia, and hypochondria. Boredom proneness significantly and positively mediated the relationship between perceived stress and emotional distress. Moreover, coping style moderated the stress-emotional distress relationship, i.e., individuals who mainly adopted positive coping strategies suffered fewer symptoms of depression, compulsion-anxiety, and neurasthenia under stress, while negative coping strategies aggravated emotional distress. The results from the present study provide practical value for mental health intervention during the emergent public health events.


id: cord-314014-d9jwy5b6
author: Duan, Hongxia
date: 2020-08-18
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113396
doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113396
title:
  Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general Chinese population: Changes, predictors and psychosocial correlates

abstract:
  The current COVID-19 pandemic is not only a threat to physical health, but also brings a burden to mental health in the general Chinese population. However, the temporal change of mental health status due to pandemic-related stress in relation to protective and risk factors to hostility is less known. This study was implemented at two timepoints, i.e., during the peak and the remission of the COVID-19 pandemic. 3233 Chinese individuals participated in the first wave, and among them 1390 participants were followed in a second wave. The result showed that fear significantly decreased over time, while depression level significantly increased during the second wave compared to the first wave of the survey. Younger age, lower-income, increased level of perceived stress, and current quarantine experience were significant predictors of depression escalation. Younger people and individuals who had a higher initial stress response tended to show more hostility. Furthermore, the use of negative coping strategy plays a potential intermediating role in the stress-related increase in hostility, while social support acts as a buffer in hostility in the general population under high stress. As the whole world is facing the same pandemic, this research provides several implications for public mental health intervention.


id: cord-316222-cm4k04wv
author: Cozzolino, Mauro
date: 2020-07-30
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32751650/
doi: 10.3390/bs10080124
title:
  The Evaluation of a Mind-Body Intervention (MBT-T) for Stress Reduction in Academic Settings: A Pilot Study

abstract:
  This study is aimed at evaluating the outcomes of mind-body transformation therapy (MBT-T), previously known as the creative psychosocial genomic healing experience© (CPGHE). The intervention was aimed at reducing the perceived level of stress in two non-clinical groups of students with different educational levels and different expertise in the domain of well-being. Whereas participants from the first group were first-year university students, participants from the second group were students attending a post-graduate program in psychotherapy. All participants (n = 159) were exposed to a single session of MBT-T, each group in a separate session. The results of two paired-samples t-tests, conducted separately on the two samples, showed that there was a statistically significant reduction in the participants’ perceived level of stress between pre- and post-intervention states in both samples (t(88) = 5.39, p < 0.001; t(53) = 4.56, p < 0.001 respectively). The results, therefore, showed that a single session of MBT-T was beneficial in reducing the perceived level of stress in both first-year university students and students attending a post-graduate program in psychotherapy, regardless of educational level and expertise in the domain of well-being.


id: cord-316944-xt09q1z5
author: Preis, Heidi
date: 2020-09-06
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0277953620305670
doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113348
title:
  Vulnerability and Resilience to Pandemic-Related Stress Among U.S. Women Pregnant at the Start of the COVID-19 Pandemic

abstract:
  Rationale. Women pregnant during the COVID-19 pandemic are experiencing moderate to high levels of emotional distress, which has previously been shown to be attributable to two types of pandemic-related pregnancy stress: stress associated with feeling unprepared for birth due to the pandemic (Preparedness Stress) and stress related to fears of perinatal COVID-19 infection (Perinatal Infection Stress). Objective. Given the well-documented harms associated with elevated prenatal stress and the critical importance of developing appropriately targeted interventions, we investigated factors predictive of pandemic-related pregnancy stress. Method. Between April 25 and May 15, 2020, 4,451 pregnant women in the U.S. were recruited via social media to complete an online questionnaire that included sociodemographic, medical, and COVID-19 situational factors, as well as the Pandemic-Related Pregnancy Stress Scale (PREPS). Binary logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios for high stress. Results. Nearly 30% of participants reported high Preparedness Stress; a similar proportion reported high Perinatal Infection Stress. Abuse history, chronic illness, income loss due to the pandemic, perceived risk of having had COVID-19, alterations to prenatal appointments, high-risk pregnancy, and being a woman of color were associated with greater levels of one or both types of stress. Access to outdoor space, older age, and engagement in healthy behaviors were protective against stress. Conclusions. Practices that may alleviate pandemic-related stress such as minimizing disruptions to prenatal care, ensuring access to outdoor space, and motivating engagement in health behaviors are of vital importance. Particular attention is needed for more vulnerable populations including women of color, women with a history of abuse, and those with high-risk pregnancy. Research focused on the short and longer-term impact of pandemic-related pregnancy stress on maternal mental and physical health, perinatal outcomes, and child development is critical to identify these effects and marshal appropriate resources to reduce them.


id: cord-318363-1mv5j4w2
title: Psychological, addictive, and health behavior implications of the COVID-19 pandemic
author: Zvolensky, Michael J.
date: 2020-08-27
txt: ./txt/cord-318363-1mv5j4w2.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-318363-1mv5j4w2.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2020.103715
doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2020.103715
summary:
  Additional risk factors for the development or exacerbation of PTSD symptoms include a prior history of trauma or mental health disturbances, depressed or anxious mood, significant concurrent life stressors (e.g., financial problems, job loss, relationship stress), low social connectedness or support, sleep disturbance, substance use, and emotional numbing or detachment (Colvonen, Straus, Acheson, & Gehrman, 2019; Cusack et al., 2019; Germain, McKeon, & Campbell, 2017; Hancock & Bryant, 2018; Shalev et al., 2019; Steenkamp et al., 2017; Vujanovic & Back, 2019) . That is, a specific type of individual difference factor like anxiety sensitivity is linked to a particular type of problem (e.g., anxiety disorder, worsening of a chronic respiratory illness, severity of hazardous drinking) via a specified mediating process (e.g., smoking, sleep disruption) in the context of certain moderating variables (e.g., higher levels of COVID-19 stress burden).

abstract:
  • The public health impact of COVID-19 on psychological symptoms and disorders, addiction, and health behavior is substantial and ongoing. • An integrative COVID-19 stress-based model could be used to guide research focused on the stress-related burden of the pandemic. • This work could provide a theoretical and empirical knowledge base for future pandemics.


id: cord-320208-uih4jf8w
author: Li, Diya
date: 2020-07-10
txt: ./txt/cord-320208-uih4jf8w.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-320208-uih4jf8w.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32664388/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17144988
summary:
  In this article, we propose a CorExQ9 algorithm that integrates a Correlation Explanation (CorEx) learning algorithm and clinical Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) lexicon to detect COVID-19 related stress symptoms at a spatiotemporal scale in the United States. In this article, we propose a CorExQ9 algorithm that integrates Correlation Explanation (CorEx) learning algorithm and clinical PHQ lexicon to detect COVID-19 related stress symptoms at a spatiotemporal scale in the United States. We assessed the level of stress expressed in COVID-19 related tweets by integrating a lexicon-based method derived from established clinical assessment questionnaire PHQ-9 [46] . The CorEx algorithm combined with clinical stress measure index (PHQ-9) helped to minimize human interventions and human language ambiguity in social media data mining for stress detection and provided accurate stress symptom measures of Twitter users related to the COVID-19 pandemic.

title:
  Modeling Spatiotemporal Pattern of Depressive Symptoms Caused by COVID-19 Using Social Media Data Mining

abstract:
  By 29 May 2020, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 had spread to 188 countries, infecting more than 5.9 million people, and causing 361,249 deaths. Governments issued travel restrictions, gatherings of institutions were cancelled, and citizens were ordered to socially distance themselves in an effort to limit the spread of the virus. Fear of being infected by the virus and panic over job losses and missed education opportunities have increased people’s stress levels. Psychological studies using traditional surveys are time-consuming and contain cognitive and sampling biases, and therefore cannot be used to build large datasets for a real-time depression analysis. In this article, we propose a CorExQ9 algorithm that integrates a Correlation Explanation (CorEx) learning algorithm and clinical Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) lexicon to detect COVID-19 related stress symptoms at a spatiotemporal scale in the United States. The proposed algorithm overcomes the common limitations of traditional topic detection models and minimizes the ambiguity that is caused by human interventions in social media data mining. The results show a strong correlation between stress symptoms and the number of increased COVID-19 cases for major U.S. cities such as Chicago, San Francisco, Seattle, New York, and Miami. The results also show that people’s risk perception is sensitive to the release of COVID-19 related public news and media messages. Between January and March, fear of infection and unpredictability of the virus caused widespread panic and people began stockpiling supplies, but later in April, concerns shifted as financial worries in western and eastern coastal areas of the U.S. left people uncertain of the long-term effects of COVID-19 on their lives.


id: cord-324788-echu0zmf
author: Aich, Palok
date: 2009-07-30
txt: ./txt/cord-324788-echu0zmf.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-324788-echu0zmf.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20360883/
doi: nan
summary:
  The current review focuses on (a) the effects of psychological stressors in humans and animals, (b) various methodologies employed to understand stress responses and their outcomes, and (c) the current status of the attempts to correlate stress and disease with respiratory disease as model system. While many genes and environmental factors contribute to susceptibility and resistance to autoimmune/infl ammatory diseases, a full understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which a combination of neuropeptides, neurohormones and neurotransmitters can modulate immune responses is essential for effective design of future interventions. We conducted bovine microarray analyses of RNA isolated from blood mononuclear cells to determine if changes in gene expression correlated with either stress or the severity of BRD infection; results support the conclusion that differential regulation of pro-infl ammatory responses is a major mechanism contributing to increased disease susceptibility.

title:
  Modern approaches to understanding stress and disease susceptibility: A review with special emphasis on respiratory disease

abstract:
  Studies in animals and humans link both physical and psychological stress with an increased incidence and severity of respiratory infections. For this manuscript we define stress as the physiological responses an individual undergoes while adjusting to a continually changing environment. It is known that stressors of various types (psychological/physical) can alter the physiological levels of certain hormones, chemokines and cytokines. These alterations send information to the central nervous system to take necessary action which then sends messages to appropriate organs/tissues/cells to respond. These messages can either activate or suppress the immune system as needed and failure to compensate for this by the body can lead to serious health-related problems. Little is known how stress affects disease susceptibility, yet understanding this mechanism is important for developing effective treatments, and for improving health and food quality. The current review focuses on (a) the effects of psychological stressors in humans and animals, (b) various methodologies employed to understand stress responses and their outcomes, and (c) the current status of the attempts to correlate stress and disease with respiratory disease as model system. The methodologies included in this review span traditional epidemiological, behavioral and immunological studies to current high throughput genomic, proteomic, metabolomic/metabonomic approaches. With the advent of various newer omics and bioinformatics methodologies we postulate that it will become feasible to understand the mechanisms through which stress can influence disease onset. Although the literature in this area is limited because of the infancy of this research area, the objective of this review is to illustrate the power of new approaches to address complex biological questions. These new approaches will also aid in our understanding how these processes are related to the dynamics and kinetics of changes in expression of multiple genes at various levels.


id: cord-326788-qzm3b3xy
title: Patient‐reported Disease Activity in an Axial Spondyloarthritis Cohort during the COVID‐19 Pandemic
author: Liew, Jean W.
date: 2020-09-06
url: https://doi.org/10.1002/acr2.11174
doi: 10.1002/acr2.11174
abstract:
  OBJECTIVE: Response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has resulted in shelter‐in‐place orders and major changes to individuals’ daily lives. The impact of such stressors on disease activity in individuals with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is unclear. The aim of this study is to examine whether stress, anxiety, and depression are associated with patient‐reported disease activity, after accounting for important factors. METHODS: We administered a survey to an axSpA cohort from a single center with well‐defined demographic and disease characteristics. We included questions about job status changes, exercise, medication use, disease activity (by the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index [BASDAI]), and psychological factors (stress, depressive symptoms, and anxiety). Separate multivariable linear models examined the associations between perceived stress, anxiety, and depression with the BASDAI. RESULTS: After adjustment for potential confounders, those with higher levels of stress had a statistically significant 0.54‐point higher BASDAI, on average, compared with those with lower levels of stress (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.11, 0.97). Those with higher levels of anxiety also had a statistically significant higher BASDAI, on average, compared with those with lower levels of anxiety (β: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.18, 0.99). The association between depression and BASDAI was not statistically significant. We did not find differences in these associations among subgroups of age, job status, or county of residence. CONCLUSION: Individuals with axSpA with higher levels of stress and anxiety had significantly higher disease activity levels, although with a difference below clinical importance. Further planned studies will evaluate the trajectory of disease activity.


id: cord-329206-xsxkn5my
title: Methods of Assessment of the Welfare of Shelter Cats: A Review
author: Vojtkovská, Veronika
date: 2020-08-28
txt: ./txt/cord-329206-xsxkn5my.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-329206-xsxkn5my.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32872242/
doi: 10.3390/ani10091527
summary:
  This review aims to provide the readers with an insight into current options of assessment of the welfare of cats in shelters with an emphasis on behavioural, physiological and health indicators with an application in both practical and scientific contexts. Some of these comprehensive tools (modified Karnofsky score, CHEW [Cat HEalth and Wellbeing] tool, owner completed measure of feline QoL, CatQoL tool, the AWAG software, Shelter Quality and the shelter dog QoL evaluation tool) could be considered for shelter cats'' welfare assessment after some adjustments (these tools were developed for the use in different context, so they are not able to cover the full range of evaluation criteria requirements emerging from the shelter environment) or their principles could be used when creating a new assessment protocol. In this section, we discuss the options of assessing three categories of animal-based indicators-behavioural (Section 3.1), physiological (Section 3.2) and health (Section 3.3), which can be used to evaluate the welfare of shelter cats in a practical and scientific context.

abstract:
  SIMPLE SUMMARY: The welfare of animals in shelters draws the attention of both the scientific and general public. It is possible to assess the well-being of cats in shelters using tools that are based on indicators used to reveal problematic aspects of welfare. This review aims to provide an insight into available methods of assessment of the welfare of cats in shelters with an emphasis on behavioural, physiological and health indicators. ABSTRACT: At any moment, there are millions of cats housed in foster care facilities for abandoned and stray animals for various reasons worldwide. Care, management and regulation among these facilities differ. Moreover, shelters can never substitute the full comfort of a good home for the animal, and the welfare of cats in shelters is a subject of discussion in many respects. Cats are animals sensitive to changes; for most of them, placement in a shelter is a stressful experience because of changes in routine, environment and the presence of other animals. Stress is reflected in changes in behaviour, causes fluctuations in physiological values and disrupts the immune system, which is a predisposition to the development or reactivation of disease. Evaluation of the presence and intensity of negative impacts is possible through the use of evaluation tools based on indicators that help set the environment and management of keeping so as to disrupt the quality of life as little as possible. Although a comprehensive and valid welfare tool that would evaluate animal-based and at the same time resource-based (or management-based) indicators of cats in shelters is not currently available, it is possible to use partial evaluation of individual welfare indicators to assess welfare. This review aims to provide the readers with an insight into current options of assessment of the welfare of cats in shelters with an emphasis on behavioural, physiological and health indicators with an application in both practical and scientific contexts.


id: cord-332085-s58sd8e4
author: Wissmath, B.
date: 2020-05-16
url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.13.20100313
doi: 10.1101/2020.05.13.20100313
title:
  Understanding the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and containment measures: an empirical model of stress.

abstract:
  Research suggests that epidemics and corresponding containment measures have negative consequences to the individual and cause stress. The psychological mechanisms that determine stress, caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and containment measures, are not yet clear. In a survey during the lockdown in Switzerland (n=1565), we found substantially increased levels of stress in the population. In particular, individuals who did not agree with the containment measures, as well as those who saw nothing positive in the crisis, experienced even higher levels of stress. In contrast, individuals who are part of a risk group or who are working in healthcare or in essential shops experienced similar stress levels as the general public. We conducted a path analysis to gain a deeper understanding of the psychological mechanisms during lockdown. Experiencing fear of the disease is a key driver for being worried. Our model further shows that worries about the individual, social, and economic consequences of the crisis, strongly boost stress. The infection rate in the canton (i.e. state) of residence also contributes to stress. Positive thinking and perceived social, organizational, and governmental support mitigate worries and stress. To prevent stress, authorities should explain containment measures well, highlight positive aspects of the crisis, address worries, and facilitate support.


id: cord-333224-grjbz5u7
author: Effati-Daryani, Fatemeh
date: 2020-09-22
txt: ./txt/cord-333224-grjbz5u7.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-333224-grjbz5u7.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-020-00464-8
doi: 10.1186/s40359-020-00464-8
summary:
  Based on the adjusted general linear model, and by adjusting other variables, the four variables of spouse''s educational level, spouse''s support, marital life satisfaction and number of pregnancies were significantly associated with the anxiety score (P < 0.05) and were able to predict 19.0% of anxiety score variance in pregnant women during the prevalence of COVID-19. Based on the adjusted general linear model, and by adjusting other variables, the variables of spouse''s level of education, sufficiency of household income, spouse''s support and marital life satisfaction have a significant relationship with stress score (P < 0.05) and it was possible to predict 21.6% of stress score variance in pregnant women during the prevalence of COVID-19 (Table 3 ). In the present study, marital life satisfaction and a high level of spousal education and income were associated with reduced symptoms of stress and anxiety in pregnant women.

title:
  Depression, stress, anxiety and their predictors in Iranian pregnant women during the outbreak of COVID-19

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Pregnancy as a sensitive period of a woman’s life can be affected by various psychological factors that can have adverse effects on the woman, her fetus and future baby. Since COVID-19 is a new phenomenon with limited information available, it may have adverse psychological effects on pregnant women. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the status of depression, stress, anxiety and their predictors in Iranian pregnant women during the outbreak of COVID-19. METHODS: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was performed on 205 pregnant women covered by Tabriz health centers in Iran. The sampling method used was cluster sampling. The data collection tool was the socio-demographic characteristics questionnaire and the DASS-21 (Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21), which were completed online by pregnant women. The general linear model was used to determine the predictive factors of depression, anxiety and stress. RESULTS: The mean (SD) score of depression, stress, and anxiety were 3.91 (3.9), 6.22 (4.25), and 3.79 (3.39), respectively; the score range of 0 to 21. Depression, stress, and anxiety symptoms were observed in 32.7, 32.7, and 43.9% of the participants, respectively, with varying degrees from mild to very severe. Based on the adjusted general linear model, variables of education level, spouse’s job and marital life satisfaction were the predictors of depressive symptoms. Variables of spouse’s education level, spouse’s support, marital life satisfaction and the number of pregnancies were the predictive factors of anxiety symptoms and the variables of spouse’s education level, household income sufficiency, spouse’s support and marital life satisfaction were predictors of stress symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the role of marital life satisfaction, high level of spouse’s education and income in reducing symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression in pregnant women in critical situations such as the prevalence of COVID-19, it seems that using strategies to promote marital life satisfaction and socio-economic status can play an effective role in controlling anxiety and reducing stress and depression in pregnant women.


id: cord-334890-7lpe8wa6
author: Fitzgerald, Eamon
date: 2020-09-10
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378378220306514?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105190
title:
  Maternal influences on fetal brain development: the role of nutrition, infection and stress, and the potential for intergenerational consequences

abstract:
  An optimal early life environment is crucial for ensuring ideal neurodevelopmental outcomes. Brain development consists of a finely tuned series of spatially and temporally constrained events, which may be affected by exposure to a sub-optimal intra-uterine environment. Evidence suggests brain development may be particularly vulnerable to factors such as maternal nutrition, infection and stress during pregnancy. In this review, we discuss how maternal factors such as these can affect brain development and outcome in offspring, and we also identify evidence which suggests that the outcome can, in many cases, be stratified by socio-economic status (SES), with individuals in lower brackets typically having a worse outcome. We consider the relevant epidemiological evidence and draw parallels to mechanisms suggested by preclinical work where appropriate. We also discuss possible transgenerational effects of these maternal factors and the potential mechanisms involved. We conclude that modifiable factors such as maternal nutrition, infection and stress are important contributors to atypical brain development and that SES also likely has a key role.


id: cord-340128-qxkopvot
title: Work-Related Psychosocial Stress in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: An Integrative Review
author: Schreibauer, Elena Christina
date: 2020-10-13
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33066111/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17207446
abstract:
  Background: Work-related psychosocial stress can cause mental and physical illnesses resulting in high costs for the individual, the economy and society. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) employ the majority of the world’s workforce and often have fewer financial and human resources compared to larger businesses. The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge on work-related stress in SMEs according to well-established guidelines categorizing psychosocial factors at work. Methods: A systematic database search was carried out in PubMed, PsycINFO, PSYNDEX and Business Source Premiere from March to June 2019, updated in January 2020. Data of included studies were analyzed and mapped into five themes: “work content and task”, “organization of work”, “social relations”, “working environment” and “new forms of work”. Results: After full-text screening, 45 out of 116 studies were included for data extraction. Studies were very heterogeneous and of varying quality, mostly applying a cross-sectional study design. Psychosocial factors in SMEs have been researched with a focus on the work patterns “work organization” and “work content and task”. Conclusions: This review underlines the need for more and better quality research of psychosocial factors in SMEs, particularly in relation to ongoing and new challenges in the workplace, including stressors related to the process of digitalization or the development of safe working conditions during the emerge of new infectious diseases.


id: cord-342047-pm3i54mb
author: Du Preez, Andrea
date: 2020-09-21
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32958745/
doi: 10.1038/s41398-020-01000-3
title:
  The type of stress matters: repeated injection and permanent social isolation stress in male mice have a differential effect on anxiety- and depressive-like behaviours, and associated biological alterations

abstract:
  Chronic stress can alter the immune system, adult hippocampal neurogenesis and induce anxiety- and depressive-like behaviour in rodents. However, previous studies have not discriminated between the effect(s) of different types of stress on these behavioural and biological outcomes. We investigated the effect(s) of repeated injection vs. permanent social isolation on behaviour, stress responsivity, immune system functioning and hippocampal neurogenesis, in young adult male mice, and found that the type of stress exposure does indeed matter. Exposure to 6 weeks of repeated injection resulted in an anxiety-like phenotype, decreased systemic inflammation (i.e., reduced plasma levels of TNFα and IL4), increased corticosterone reactivity, increased microglial activation and decreased neuronal differentiation in the dentate gyrus (DG). In contrast, exposure to 6 weeks of permanent social isolation resulted in a depressive-like phenotype, increased plasma levels of TNFα, decreased plasma levels of IL10 and VEGF, decreased corticosterone reactivity, decreased microglial cell density and increased cell density for radial glia, s100β-positive cells and mature neuroblasts—all in the DG. Interestingly, combining the two distinct stress paradigms did not have an additive effect on behavioural and biological outcomes, but resulted in yet a different phenotype, characterized by increased anxiety-like behaviour, decreased plasma levels of IL1β, IL4 and VEGF, and decreased hippocampal neuronal differentiation, without altered neuroinflammation or corticosterone reactivity. These findings demonstrate that different forms of chronic stress can differentially alter both behavioural and biological outcomes in young adult male mice, and that combining multiple stressors may not necessarily cause more severe pathological outcomes.


id: cord-347816-e2xkzps9
author: Wesemann, U.
date: 2020-08-14
url: https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291720003165
doi: 10.1017/s0033291720003165
abstract: nan
title:
  Influence of COVID-19 on general stress and posttraumatic stress symptoms among hospitalized high-risk patients


id: cord-349219-tl97bj42
author: Rayhan Arusha, Anowara
date: 2020-07-18
txt: ./txt/cord-349219-tl97bj42.txt
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url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0190740920309786?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105254
summary:
  Several contributing factors of stress, anxiety, and depression among students were identified in literature including sex, strained relationships, family and peer pressure, high parental expectation, lack of financial support and hardships, sleep deprivation, future worries, loneliness, longer screen time, toxic psychological environment, academic pressure, workload, size of the academic curriculum, and heavy test schedules (Brenneisen Mayer et al., 2016; Abdel Wahed and Hassan, 2017; Saeed et al., 2018; Silva and Figueiredo-Braga, 2018; ul Haq et al., 2018; Mamun and Griffiths, 2019) . To contribute to that gap, the present study investigated the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among Bangladeshi students and their associated risk factors with respect to socio-demographics and lifestyle measures. The objective of the study was to identify factors that affect the mental health of students due to examinations, particularly the socio-demographic and psychological factors using a survey conducted in Dhaka, Bangladesh in 2020.

title:
  Prevalence of Stress, Anxiety and Depression due to Examination in Bangladeshi Youths: A Pilot Study

abstract:
  An estimated 25% people suffer from mental health disorders worldwide. Almost 7 million suffer from anxiety and depression in Bangladesh. There are several factors that can cause stress among youths, both academic and non-academic, ranging from socioeconomic, environmental, cultural and psychological attributes. However, these are not widely researched in Bangladesh. This study identified the factors that affect the mental health of students due to examinations in Bangladesh, particularly the socio-demographic, lifestyle and psychological factors. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted on May 2020 with a sample size of 210 tertiary level students in Dhaka. A modified DASS-21 was used to measure stress, anxiety and depression scores related to examination. Binary logistic model showed that those who lived with family, spent time with parents, had regular sufficient (self-assessed) sleeps and consumed balanced (self-assessed) diets had significantly lower stress, anxiety, and depression. Balanced lifestyle with greater social bonding might help to better equip youths to reduce stress, anxiety, and depression during examination, which could be an avenue for future intervention studies.


id: cord-352465-n746e8qt
title: Targeting stress granules: A novel therapeutic strategy for human diseases
author: Wang, Fei
date: 2020-08-16
txt: ./txt/cord-352465-n746e8qt.txt
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mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1043661820314511
doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105143
summary:
  Chronic stress might even induce formation of cytotoxic pathological SGs. SGs participate in various biological functions including response to apoptosis, inflammation, immune modulation, and signalling pathways; moreover, SGs are involved in pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, viral infection, aging, cancers and many other diseases. One of the most studied mRNP granules is SGs. SGs are a type of dynamic granular substance formed of mRNA of stagnant translation and RBPs in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, the formation of which is stimulated by various stresses including oxidative stress, heat shock, hypoxia, or viral infection (Fig. 1) . For example, eIF2α phosphorylation-dependent SGs (Type I) induced by sodium arsenite (SA) and bortezomib [40] may protect cells in the stress response, inhibit apoptosis and promote cell survival by the sequestration of signalling molecules, such as RACK1 [41] , ROCK1 [42] and Raptor [43] .

abstract:
  Abstract Stress granules (SGs) are assemblies of mRNA and proteins that form from mRNAs stalled in translation initiation in response to stress. Chronic stress might even induce formation of cytotoxic pathological SGs. SGs participate in various biological functions including response to apoptosis, inflammation, immune modulation, and signalling pathways; moreover, SGs are involved in pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, viral infection, aging, cancers and many other diseases. Emerging evidence has shown that small molecules can affect SG dynamics, including assembly, disassembly, maintenance and clearance. Thus, targeting SGs is a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of human diseases and the promotion of health. The established methods for detecting SGs provided ready tools for large-scale screening of agents that alter the dynamics of SGs. Here, we describe the effects of small molecules on SG assembly, disassembly, and their roles in the disease. Moreover, we provide perspective for the possible application of small molecules targeting SGs in the treatment of human diseases.


id: cord-353592-gsvobusu
author: Luceño-Moreno, Lourdes
date: 2020-07-30
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32751624/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17155514
title:
  Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress, Anxiety, Depression, Levels of Resilience and Burnout in Spanish Health Personnel during the COVID-19 Pandemic

abstract:
  The number of health workers infected with COVID-19 in Spain is one of the highest in the world. The aim of this study is to analyse posttraumatic stress, anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. Associations between burnout, resilience, demographic, work and COVID-19 variables are analysed. Cross-sectional data on 1422 health workers were analysed. A total of 56.6% of health workers present symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, 58.6% anxiety disorder, 46% depressive disorder and 41.1% feel emotionally drained. The profile of a health worker with greater posttraumatic stress symptoms would be a person who works in the Autonomous Community of Madrid, in a hospital, is a woman, is concerned that a person he/she lives with may be infected, and thinks that he/she is very likely to be infected. The risk variables for anxiety and depression would be a person that is a woman, working 12- or 24-h shifts, and being worried that a family member could be infected. High scores on emotional exhaustion and depersonalization are risk factors for mental health, with resilience and personal fulfilment being protective variables. Data are provided to improve preventive measures for occupational health workers.


id: cord-356131-3at94sle
author: MacIntyre, Peter D.
date: 2020-08-22
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0346251X20307120
doi: 10.1016/j.system.2020.102352
title:
  Language teachers' coping strategies during the Covid-19 conversion to online teaching: Correlations with stress, wellbeing and negative emotions

abstract:
  Abstract Teaching often is listed as one of the most stressful professions and being a language teacher triggers its own unique challenges. Response to the Covid-19 pandemic have created a long list of new stressors for teachers to deal with, including problems caused by the emergency conversion to online language teaching. This article examines the stress and coping responses of an international sample of over 600 language teachers who responded to an online survey in April, 2020. The survey measured stressors and 14 coping strategies grouped into two types, approach and avoidant. Substantial levels of stress were reported by teachers. Correlations show that positive psychological outcomes (wellbeing, health, happiness, resilience, and growth during trauma) correlated positively with approach coping and negatively with avoidant coping. Avoidant coping, however, consistently correlated (rs between .42 and .54) only with the negative outcomes (stress, anxiety, anger, sadness, and loneliness). In addition, ANOVA showed that although approach coping was consistently used across stress groups, avoidant coping increased as stress increased suggesting that there may be a cost to using avoidant coping strategies. Stepwise regression analyses using the 14 specific coping strategies showed a complex pattern of coping. Suggestions for avoiding avoidance coping strategies are offered.


