cord-005842-mm3ab7cr	2011	
cord-009966-6kcgc5fx	2013	
cord-011261-h1fzti0i	2019	A longitudinal survey design was utilized to measure pre-, post-, and long-term (3-month) changes in knowledge (impact of stress on personal health, learning, and patient care), confidence, perceived skills, and attitude (towards utilizing adaptive coping strategies) among participating students (N = 135). All survey instruments included identical questions to measure students'' perceived changes in stress management in four domains: knowledge (impact of stress on their own health, learning, and patient care), confidence, perceived skills, and attitude (towards utilizing adaptive coping strategies to prevent burnout), which used a 5-point Likert-type scale (1 = not at all, 5 = extremely). Overall, students'' mean survey responses demonstrated statistically significant improvement for knowledge about the impact of stress on their overall long-term success, health, learning and patient care, and confidence and skills in recognizing and utilizing adaptive strategies to handle stress and attitude towards seeking help increased from pre-to immediate post-workshop (T1 to T2) (see Table 1 ).
cord-017817-ztp7w9yh	2018	Autophagy is an evolutionarily highly conserved self-digestive process in response to environmental stress to eukaryotic cells, by which cytoplasmic components such as defective/damaged or redundant organelles or protein aggregates are delivered to the lysosome for recycling and degradation. More recent studies then revealed that these transcription factors, notably Nrf2, are activated by Keap1 as the primary negative regulator of Nrf2, that is, a molecule that simultaneously operates as a sensor protein able to perceive dyshomeostatic Subclass IIC-4 DAMPs, for example, in terms of redox changes reflecting electrophilic stress. Strikingly, a complex relationship reportedly exists between autophagy and DAMPs in cellular adaption to stress and injury and cell death characterized by a crosstalk between autophagy induction and secretion or release of DAMPs. In fact, growing evidence indicates that autophagic mechanisms are involved in regulating release and degradation of DAMPs including CALR, HMGB1, ATP, and DNA in several cell types [37, 148, 175] .
cord-022506-fkddo12n	2011	Aside from informally "getting to know" cats during their initial acclimation period in a facility, a systematic � The ability to create different functional areas in the living environments for elimination, resting, and eating � The ability to hide in a secure place � The ability to rest/sleep without being disturbed � The ability to change locations within the environment, including using vertical space for perching � The ability to regulate body temperature by moving to warmer or cooler surfaces in the environment � The ability to scratch (which is necessary for claw health and stretching, as well as visual and scent marking) � The ability to play and exercise at will � The ability to acquire mental stimulation Because these needs will vary depending upon such factors as life stage, personality, and prior socialization and experience, facilities should maintain a variety of housing styles in order to meet the individual needs of different cats in the population (Figure 46-11) .
cord-028176-wsveq2hk	2020	
cord-030805-3imi63xz	2020	
cord-256132-ufs9kw3o	2020	
cord-256504-odbaubqm	2020	
cord-262551-hxhlhb5m	2020	
cord-263518-6puccigu	2020	
cord-267907-zbsbqj9o	2020	
cord-270469-lle32mha	2012	
cord-272268-8vrcwwll	2009	Cytoplasmic stress granules (SGs) and processing bodies (PBs) are dynamic structures that form in response to stress-induced translational arrest. Critical components of the ''''cell biology'''' of protein translation are mRNP granules known as processing bodies (PBs) and stress granules (SGs). These transient cytoplasmic ''''structures'''' are actively assembled from untranslated mRNA by a host of RNA-binding proteins, which determine whether specific transcripts will be reinitiated, degraded, or stored. In 1999, it was noted that stress-induced translational arrest causes untranslated mRNPs to assemble into large cytoplasmic ''''SGs,'''' whose formation is triggered by, and dependent upon, the phosphorylation of eIF2a. Virus infection also induces the assembly of SGs and PBs suggesting that RNA granules play a role in reprogramming mRNA translation/decay during viral infection. RNA-binding proteins TIA-1 and TIAR link the phosphorylation of eIF-2a to the assembly of mammalian stress granules
cord-272406-h22atwd4	2020	
cord-279214-7vna4uyo	2020	
cord-280605-2i4gk7et	2020	With increasing age, the dynamics and proportion of lymphocytes and myeloid cells differ depending on the sex due to the differential expression of 144 genes of the immune response in men and women (71) . Anti-inflammatory effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and their biologically active metabolites (D and E Resolvinsmediators derived from omega-3 fatty acids, primarily EPA and DHA that block the production of proinflammatory mediators and regulate leukocyte trafficking to inflammatory sites) can be mediated through one of the mechanisms capable of reducing inflammation of RAW-264.7 cells and of primary intraperitoneal macrophages (105) . Exposure to various alarm signals induce an acute inflammation that, when associated with deleterious environmental and biological factors, potentiates chronic inflammation, which can be further promoted by excess ROS production and oxidative stress that results from mitochondrial dysfunction or NOX2 activity, leading to inflammaging and eventually to age-related disease.
cord-286416-8eu6wp9b	2012	If deadenylation (e.g., CCR4/Not1), destabilization (e.g., TTP/XRN1) and decapping (e.g., DCP1/DCP2) complex; and even RISC (Ago) complex are recruited to mRNA, these will be targeted to PBs. Conversely, if TIA-1/TIAR or proteins such as G3BP/USP10 are recruited to the stalled initiation complexes, these will be directed to SGs. Different pathways in SG assembly are described (in red): (i) phosphorylation of eIF2␣ induced by the exposure to different stress inducers (e.g., arsenite and thapsigargin) (Fig. 1) ; (ii) Hippuristanol and Pateamine A, drugs that inhibit the helicase activity of eIF4A altering ATP binding or ATPase activity; and (iii) the overexpression of SG markers, such as G3BP or TIA-1. West Nile virus infections suppress early viral RNA synthesis and avoid inducing the cell stress granule response Interaction of TIA-1/TIAR with West Nile and dengue virus products in infected cells interferes with stress granule formation and processing body assembly
cord-288101-pij16jaa	2019	
cord-292853-xihpfidg	2015	A social-ecological framework is used to differentiate the impact of exposure to traumatic stressors and the development of (or resistance to) PTSD, based on the individual''s or group''s (i) personal, unique physical characteristics, including skin color, racial background, gender, and sexual orientation; and (ii) family, ethnocultural, and community membership, including majority or minority group status, religious beliefs and practices, socioeconomic resources, and political and civic affiliations. Depending on Social, cultural, and other diversity issues in the traumatic stress field 505 their cultural background and its traditions and beliefs, individuals may also have "multiple vulnerability status"-that is, to be members of more than one group or to have characteristic that cause them to be even more susceptible to discrimination or victimization (i.e., adolescent black male in the United States; a baby born with physical or developmental disabilities in a culture that endorses selective resources to the ablebodied; a gay man or lesbian woman of color in a highly homophobic and racist society).
cord-294422-hsqphc3t	2020	The psychological response of HCPs to an epidemic could be dependent on many factors which may cause anxiety and stress such as feeling vulnerable to infection, lack of control over the situation, the spread of the virus, health of their family, and being isolated [11] . It can be also seen that many of the factors due to which HCPs suffer from these ill-effects can be potentially modified, for example, such as free provision of PPEs to all healthcare workers, promoting general public awareness about COVID-19, and building better infrastructure to encourage lighter work hours can all be carried out by the government and thus have a positive impact on the mental health of HCPs. In our study, high levels of anxiety, stress and depression among health care professionals were noted, which is a cause for concern. Since there is a high prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress among HCPs treating COVID-19 patients, it is imperative to invest resources to promote the mental health welfare of frontline professionals.
cord-294945-hcf7gsv8	2015	
cord-295767-92oxdmxq	2020	Our study aimed to investigate the immediate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic enforced lockdown on mental health and quality of life among general population aged 18 years and to identify various coping strategies used under lockdown. This study identifies the need to provide the free professional and psychological services to help cope with stress during the disease enforced lockdown. Hence, to answer these burning questions we designed this study to attempt to evaluate the depression, anxiety and stress of the general people living under the COVID enforced lockdown in various cities of the world and also to understand how they are utilizing their lockdown time to cope with such an unprecedented isolation and quarantine. This is the first study that has evaluated the mental health of respondents during COVID lockdown using DASS-42 across general population. COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown 1 measures impact on mental health among the general population in Italy.
cord-297673-rh8o4eu9	2020	
cord-302185-pnw3xiun	2021	
cord-302254-egt9qdib	2020	AIMS: The aim of this study was to analyze and compare perceived stress, resilience, depression symptoms and coping strategies on the members of University of Campinas, in Brazil, before and during the outbreak of the COVID-19. METHODS: Volunteers over 18 years of both sexes, members of the University of Campinas (Unicamp) in Brazil answered instruments related to perceived stress, depression, resilience and coping strategies during final exams at the end of semester during 2018 to 2020. Given the expected impact of the situation due the confinement and COVID-19 crisis, the aim of this study was to analyze and compare perceived stress, resilience, depression symptoms and coping strategies on the members of University of Campinas, in Brazil, before and during the outbreak of the COVID-19. Graduate students exhibited higher scores for perceived stress and depressive signs and lower resilience scores in the period before COVID-19 when compared to employees and professors.
cord-302616-1uwrcvjx	2020	
cord-304208-jwlc8fxj	2020	
cord-309161-ceahghs1	2020	
cord-309273-gtvi37gh	2020	
cord-309892-z7rb7adi	2020	
cord-312362-i18rlo2r	2020	
cord-314014-d9jwy5b6	2020	
cord-316222-cm4k04wv	2020	
cord-316944-xt09q1z5	2020	
cord-318363-1mv5j4w2	2020	Additional risk factors for the development or exacerbation of PTSD symptoms include a prior history of trauma or mental health disturbances, depressed or anxious mood, significant concurrent life stressors (e.g., financial problems, job loss, relationship stress), low social connectedness or support, sleep disturbance, substance use, and emotional numbing or detachment (Colvonen, Straus, Acheson, & Gehrman, 2019; Cusack et al., 2019; Germain, McKeon, & Campbell, 2017; Hancock & Bryant, 2018; Shalev et al., 2019; Steenkamp et al., 2017; Vujanovic & Back, 2019) . That is, a specific type of individual difference factor like anxiety sensitivity is linked to a particular type of problem (e.g., anxiety disorder, worsening of a chronic respiratory illness, severity of hazardous drinking) via a specified mediating process (e.g., smoking, sleep disruption) in the context of certain moderating variables (e.g., higher levels of COVID-19 stress burden).
cord-320208-uih4jf8w	2020	In this article, we propose a CorExQ9 algorithm that integrates a Correlation Explanation (CorEx) learning algorithm and clinical Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) lexicon to detect COVID-19 related stress symptoms at a spatiotemporal scale in the United States. In this article, we propose a CorExQ9 algorithm that integrates Correlation Explanation (CorEx) learning algorithm and clinical PHQ lexicon to detect COVID-19 related stress symptoms at a spatiotemporal scale in the United States. We assessed the level of stress expressed in COVID-19 related tweets by integrating a lexicon-based method derived from established clinical assessment questionnaire PHQ-9 [46] . The CorEx algorithm combined with clinical stress measure index (PHQ-9) helped to minimize human interventions and human language ambiguity in social media data mining for stress detection and provided accurate stress symptom measures of Twitter users related to the COVID-19 pandemic.
cord-324788-echu0zmf	2009	The current review focuses on (a) the effects of psychological stressors in humans and animals, (b) various methodologies employed to understand stress responses and their outcomes, and (c) the current status of the attempts to correlate stress and disease with respiratory disease as model system. While many genes and environmental factors contribute to susceptibility and resistance to autoimmune/infl ammatory diseases, a full understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which a combination of neuropeptides, neurohormones and neurotransmitters can modulate immune responses is essential for effective design of future interventions. We conducted bovine microarray analyses of RNA isolated from blood mononuclear cells to determine if changes in gene expression correlated with either stress or the severity of BRD infection; results support the conclusion that differential regulation of pro-infl ammatory responses is a major mechanism contributing to increased disease susceptibility.
cord-326788-qzm3b3xy	2020	
cord-329206-xsxkn5my	2020	This review aims to provide the readers with an insight into current options of assessment of the welfare of cats in shelters with an emphasis on behavioural, physiological and health indicators with an application in both practical and scientific contexts. Some of these comprehensive tools (modified Karnofsky score, CHEW [Cat HEalth and Wellbeing] tool, owner completed measure of feline QoL, CatQoL tool, the AWAG software, Shelter Quality and the shelter dog QoL evaluation tool) could be considered for shelter cats'' welfare assessment after some adjustments (these tools were developed for the use in different context, so they are not able to cover the full range of evaluation criteria requirements emerging from the shelter environment) or their principles could be used when creating a new assessment protocol. In this section, we discuss the options of assessing three categories of animal-based indicators-behavioural (Section 3.1), physiological (Section 3.2) and health (Section 3.3), which can be used to evaluate the welfare of shelter cats in a practical and scientific context.
cord-332085-s58sd8e4	2020	
cord-333224-grjbz5u7	2020	Based on the adjusted general linear model, and by adjusting other variables, the four variables of spouse''s educational level, spouse''s support, marital life satisfaction and number of pregnancies were significantly associated with the anxiety score (P < 0.05) and were able to predict 19.0% of anxiety score variance in pregnant women during the prevalence of COVID-19. Based on the adjusted general linear model, and by adjusting other variables, the variables of spouse''s level of education, sufficiency of household income, spouse''s support and marital life satisfaction have a significant relationship with stress score (P < 0.05) and it was possible to predict 21.6% of stress score variance in pregnant women during the prevalence of COVID-19 (Table 3 ). In the present study, marital life satisfaction and a high level of spousal education and income were associated with reduced symptoms of stress and anxiety in pregnant women.
cord-334890-7lpe8wa6	2020	
cord-340128-qxkopvot	2020	
cord-342047-pm3i54mb	2020	
cord-347816-e2xkzps9	2020	
cord-349219-tl97bj42	2020	Several contributing factors of stress, anxiety, and depression among students were identified in literature including sex, strained relationships, family and peer pressure, high parental expectation, lack of financial support and hardships, sleep deprivation, future worries, loneliness, longer screen time, toxic psychological environment, academic pressure, workload, size of the academic curriculum, and heavy test schedules (Brenneisen Mayer et al., 2016; Abdel Wahed and Hassan, 2017; Saeed et al., 2018; Silva and Figueiredo-Braga, 2018; ul Haq et al., 2018; Mamun and Griffiths, 2019) . To contribute to that gap, the present study investigated the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among Bangladeshi students and their associated risk factors with respect to socio-demographics and lifestyle measures. The objective of the study was to identify factors that affect the mental health of students due to examinations, particularly the socio-demographic and psychological factors using a survey conducted in Dhaka, Bangladesh in 2020.
cord-352465-n746e8qt	2020	Chronic stress might even induce formation of cytotoxic pathological SGs. SGs participate in various biological functions including response to apoptosis, inflammation, immune modulation, and signalling pathways; moreover, SGs are involved in pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, viral infection, aging, cancers and many other diseases. One of the most studied mRNP granules is SGs. SGs are a type of dynamic granular substance formed of mRNA of stagnant translation and RBPs in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, the formation of which is stimulated by various stresses including oxidative stress, heat shock, hypoxia, or viral infection (Fig. 1) . For example, eIF2α phosphorylation-dependent SGs (Type I) induced by sodium arsenite (SA) and bortezomib [40] may protect cells in the stress response, inhibit apoptosis and promote cell survival by the sequestration of signalling molecules, such as RACK1 [41] , ROCK1 [42] and Raptor [43] .
cord-353592-gsvobusu	2020	
cord-356131-3at94sle	2020