# pos

id: cord-350270-rcft3xfh
pos: VB
token:
  https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/30/catastrophe-sweden-coronavirusstoicism-lockdown-europe

lemma:
  https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/30/catastrophe-sweden-coronavirusstoicism-lockdown-europe


id: cord-350270-rcft3xfh
pos: ADD
token:
  https://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/northern-ireland-confirms-first-case-of-coronavirus-a4373751.html

lemma:
  https://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/northern-ireland-confirms-first-case-of-coronavirus-a4373751.html


id: cord-350270-rcft3xfh
pos: NNP
token:
  https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2020/03/27/class-and-covid-how-theless-affluent-face-double-risks/

lemma:
  https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2020/03/27/class-and-covid-how-theless-affluent-face-double-risks/


id: cord-303165-ikepr2p2
pos: UH
token:
  https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attach-ment_data/file/127106/121109-NHS-Outcomes-Framework-2013-14.pdf

lemma:
  https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attach-ment_data/file/127106/121109-nhs-outcomes-framework-2013-14.pdf


# ent

id: cord-103080-tzu61nbg
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Epidemiology of Social Isolation National Health and Aging Trends Study Loneliness and Health in Older Adults


id: cord-103080-tzu61nbg
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Effects of Loneliness and Social Isolation on Hypertension in Later Life Including Risk Diagnosis and Management of the Chronic Condition Grad Dr Diss


id: cord-018024-fzjbdsg0
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  A Philosophical Basis of Medical Practice Toward a Philosophy and Ethic of the Healing Professions For the Patient s


id: cord-024640-04goxwsx
type: ORG
entity:
  the Business of Censoring China s Internet KS School of Advanced Military Studies United States Army Command


id: cord-029728-fwzm6c61
type: ORG
entity:
  the Information Environment Game Framing the Issues Tracking the Strategy Frame in Public Policy News Framing Policy Debates


id: cord-032269-zhk5fyfc
type: EVENT
entity:
  the Fintech Revolution Tax Me but Spend Wisely Sources of Public Finance and Government Accountability Informal Labour


id: cord-032269-zhk5fyfc
type: ORG
entity:
  the Dynamics of Participation in Community Associations Universal Basic Incomes versus Targeted Transfers Anti Poverty Programmes in Developing Countries Are Small Firms


id: cord-016536-8wfyaxcb
type: GGP
entity:
  Specifi c Explanations of a General Pattern The SPIRITual History Religion and Depression A Review of the Literature Religious Involvement and Mortality A Meta Analytic Review Income Dynamics and Adult Mortality in the United States The Case for More Active Policy Attention


id: cord-016536-8wfyaxcb
type: ORG
entity:
  Health Problems Health and Ways of Living The Alameda County Study Social Determinants of Health Meeting


id: cord-016536-8wfyaxcb
type: WORK_OF_ART
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  The State of the Debate on Inequality FPP 04 5 Ottawa Canada Canadian Foundation for the Americas FOCAL Regional Obesity and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease


id: cord-016536-8wfyaxcb
type: ORG
entity:
  Cambridge MA Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies Alternative Projections of Mortality and


id: cord-016536-8wfyaxcb
type: ORG
entity:
  q23 Impact of Regional Climate Change on Human Health Global Prescriptions Gendering Health and Human Rights Levels of Physical Activity and Inactivity in Children and Adults


id: cord-016536-8wfyaxcb
type: ORG
entity:
  Health A Review and Redirection Men s Health Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases World Health Organization


id: cord-164718-f6rx4h3r
type: ORG
entity:
  Mountain CA Health Department of Environmental Health Boston University School of Public Boston MA Surgery Department


id: cord-271432-pn02p843
type: ORG
entity:
  the United States Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service Rural Urban Continuum Codes 12


id: cord-025856-gc7hdqis
type: GGP
entity:
  Stoycheff s 2016 study of the effect of social media users awareness of surveillance This experiment found that even in strong free speech jurisdictionspriming users awareness of the possibility of surveillance produced more conservative online behaviour and speech This impact should be concerning to developmental democrats Dahl 1971 for example emphasis on the processes of preference formation as a critical aspect of developmental citizenship something that continues life long but is vital in the transition into civic life in youth Preference formation is both an individualised practice in that it is a developmentally acquired skill that individuals


id: cord-252344-5a0sriq9
type: DISEASE
entity:
  influenza 6 social distancing or physical distancing refers to increasing the space between individuals and avoidance of larger gatherings in an attempt to reduce viral transmission 7 This community NPI


id: cord-033287-24zkbi3z
type: ORG
entity:
  Social Media Television News Coverage of Public Health Issues and Implications for Public Health Policy and Practice Annual Review of Public Health


id: cord-026596-1kr5vmtf
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Measuring Well Being Trial of the Neighbourhood Thriving Scale for Social Well Being Among Pro Social Individuals


id: cord-146850-5x6qs2i4
type: ORG
entity:
  s Secret Auto Insurance Algorithm Squeezes Big Spenders Algorithmic Injustices Towards a Relational Ethics Social Biases


id: cord-024569-d9opzb6m
type: ORG
entity:
  Amplifying Panic and Facilitating Prevention Multifaceted Effects of Traditional and Social Media Use


id: cord-025192-ujvnio3f
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  Spinoza Spinoza s political psychology The taming of fortune and fear Social and political dimensions of hope Spinoza s constitutional


id: cord-126132-5k415xvj
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Leveraging WiFi Network Logs to Infer Social Interactions A Case Study of Academic Performance and Student Behavior date 2020


id: cord-126132-5k415xvj
type: ORG
entity:
  StressMon Scalable Detection of Perceived Stress and Depression Using Passive Sensing of Changes in Work Routines


id: cord-263255-zdufwtn4
type: ORG
entity:
  the Group Joint Research Project Grant Social Sciences of Digitalization of the Institute of Social Science


id: cord-254191-5cxv9l3c
type: ORG
entity:
  Social Media Political Polarization and Political Disinformation A Review of the Scientific Literature Italian Workers


id: cord-269643-12qm4h9w
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Proclamation on Declaring a National Emergency Concerning the Novel Coronavirus Disease COVID 19 Outbreak Projecting


id: cord-011924-7ofjjwqo
type: ORG
entity:
  Thalassemia Underserved and Socially Disadvantaged Groups and Linkages with Health and Health Care Differentials Research


id: cord-018947-d4im0p9e
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Financial Crisis and the Systemic Failure of Academic Economics Dahlem Report Address of the Governor of the Central Bank of Barbados on The


id: cord-018947-d4im0p9e
type: ORG
entity:
  Collective Dynamics Complex Economic Dynamics Sociodynamics A Systematic Approach to Mathematical Modelling


id: cord-018947-d4im0p9e
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Management in Freight Logistics Increasing Capacity Service Level and Safety with Optimization Algorithms Handbook of Research on Nature


id: cord-018947-d4im0p9e
type: ORG
entity:
  Introduction to Econophysics Correlations and Complexity in Finance Minority Games Interacting Agents in Financial Markets Economics


id: cord-270828-h9tgkboe
type: ORG
entity:
  Rental and Leasing Professional Scientific and Technical Services Management of Companies and Enterprises Finance


id: cord-270828-h9tgkboe
type: ORG
entity:
  Construction Manufacturing Utilities Transportation and Warehousing Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services


id: cord-019065-u07gnlv5
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  Dateien errichten Die Befugnisse der Bundespolizei zum Einsatz von verdeckten Ermittlern werden 1 Das Weißbuch der Bundeswehr ist ein durch das Bundesministerium


id: cord-207242-hb1r2aw7
type: ORG
entity:
  U S Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration s Exploratory Advanced Research Program


id: cord-281836-j1r771nq
type: FAC
entity:
  the Instituto de Salud Carlos III Spanish Network for Research on Infectious Diseases RD16 0016 0011


id: cord-281836-j1r771nq
type: ORG
entity:
  Leviathan Baltimore Penguin Books Culture s Consequences Comparing Values Behaviors Institutions and Organizations Across Nations Adsorption


id: cord-281836-j1r771nq
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Essential Rousseau The Social Contract Discourse on the Origin of Inequality Discourse on the Arts and Sciences


id: cord-253212-ygmkul62
type: ORG
entity:
  Quantum Structure From Psychology to Finances Quantum Models of Cognition and Decision Quantum Concepts


id: cord-253212-ygmkul62
type: DISEASE
entity:
  cognitive psychological social and anomalous phenomena Found Phys On quantum like probabilistic structure of mental information Pilot wave theory


id: cord-011906-ek7joi0m
type: GGP
entity:
  Cronbach s alpha 0 72 0 69 and 0 76 for pre test post test and six week follow up 92 The scale has demonstrated good validity in prior studies 92 101 and adequate internal consistency


id: cord-011906-ek7joi0m
type: GGP
entity:
  NoMO r 252 0 51 p 0 01 However smartphone distraction correlated negatively with two variables mindful attention r 252 0 52 p 0 01 and self awareness r 252 0 34 p 0 01 To test H1 and assess the effect of the intervention on smartphone distraction two separate ANCOVAs were conducted First to isolate any effect of the intervention a per protocol analysis was conducted As depicted in Table 4 online vigilance r 252 0 51 p 0 01 automaticity r 252 0 57 p 0 01 impulsivity r 252 0 45 p 0 01 deficient self regulation r 252 0 33 p 0 01 smartphone use day r 252 0 31 p 0 01 p 0 01 FoMO r 252 0 28 p 0 01 and NoMO r 252 0 51 p 0 01 However smartphone distraction correlated negatively with two variables mindful attention r 252 0 52 p 0 01 and self awareness r 252 0 34 p 0 01 To test H1 and assess the effect of the intervention on smartphone distraction two separate ANCOVAs were conducted First to isolate any effect of the intervention a per protocol analysis was conducted As depicted in Table 4 ANCOVA analyses for the secondary outcomes


id: cord-026977-prrjscnd
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  Kap 6 1 Socialtjänstlagen Swedish Social Act Skollag Swedish Educational Act Lag om Förenta nationernas konvention


id: cord-026977-prrjscnd
type: ORG
entity:
  Communications Board Task Force Report Journal of National Network for Professionals in Preventing Child


id: cord-282194-0sjmf1yn
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  A Randomized Trial of a Family Support Intervention in Intensive Care Units Association of Surrogate Decision making Interventions for Critically Ill Adults With Patient Family and Resource Use Outcomes A Systematic Review


id: cord-282194-0sjmf1yn
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Retiring the Term Futility in Value Laden Decisions Regarding Potentially Inappropriate Medical Treatment Ethical


id: cord-282194-0sjmf1yn
type: ORG
entity:
  the Frontline of COVID 19 Recommendations for Hospital Clinicians Rehabilitation After Critical Illness


id: cord-034438-9kdmljoq
type: ORG
entity:
  World Confederation for Physical Therapy WCPT and International Network of Physiotherapy Regulatory Authorities


id: cord-034438-9kdmljoq
type: ORG
entity:
  Depression Anxiety and Moods of Hospitalized Patients under Contact Precautions Association Between Social Participation


id: cord-034438-9kdmljoq
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Reallocating Accelerometer Assessed Sedentary Time to Light or Moderate to Vigorous Intensity Physical Activity Reduces Frailty Levels in Older Adults


id: cord-002774-tpqsjjet
type: GGP
entity:
  Ii 0 11 p 0 01 and symptoms of pain Ii 0 14 p 0 01 fatigue ji 0 34 p 0 001 and cognitive difficulties p 0 30 P 0 001 For the three dimensions of the IIRS multiple regression results revealed 1


id: cord-002774-tpqsjjet
type: LAW
entity:
  The Collaborative Process to Achieve Access to Primary Health Care for Black Women and Women of Colour Project


id: cord-002774-tpqsjjet
type: EVENT
entity:
  Black Women and Women of Colour Women s Health in Women s Hands Community Health Centre Sistering Parkdale Community Health Centre Rexdale Community Health Centre


id: cord-002774-tpqsjjet
type: LAW
entity:
  P5 77 C Health and Livelihood Implications of Marginalization of Slum Dwellers in Provision of Water and Sanitation Services


id: cord-002774-tpqsjjet
type: DISEASE
entity:
  HIV Criminal justice system involvement was measured by arrest incarceration drug felony and loss denial of social services


id: cord-212813-yrca1hij
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Regime Shifts Resilience and Biodiversity in Ecosystem Management Thresholds in Ecological and Social Ecological Systems a Developing Database


id: cord-212813-yrca1hij
type: ORG
entity:
  The Public as Thermostat Dynamics of Preferences for Spending Degrees of Democracy Politics Public Opinion and Policy Agendas


id: cord-265323-urecb44o
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Dasien or Being in the World Dreyfus 2014 what Laotzu called the Tao or Way of Life Bynner 1944 and from a Christian perspective


id: cord-265323-urecb44o
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  A Report of the American Psychological Association Task Force on the Interface Between Psychology Global Climate Change Most


id: cord-271853-wexe9gq0
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Accelerate the Implementation of Periodic Tax and Fee Reduction to Stabilize Employment How to Revive


id: cord-286610-woqb1t06
type: ORG
entity:
  Reduced Sensory Stimulation and Assessment of Countermeasures for Sensory Stimulation Augmentation Psychological


id: cord-286610-woqb1t06
type: FAC
entity:
  Hybrid Training A Sensory Stimulation Countermeasure for Long Duration Space Exploration Missions Virtual


id: cord-286610-woqb1t06
type: DISEASE
entity:
  decreases in gray matter volume of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex DLPFC and left orbitofrontal cortex OFC


id: cord-288024-1mw0k5yu
type: ORG
entity:
  Practice Journal of Applied Psychology Journal of Small Business Management and Family Business Review


id: cord-292721-954nxptr
type: GGP
entity:
  X 2 4 15 15 p 004 The mean scores for anxiety depression loneliness irritability and sleep quality were all significantly different across the three levels of perceived social support p 001 for all demonstrating the protective nature of social support systems upon the mental health outcomes of interest as well as sleep and loneliness 7 12 6 10 6 001 UCLA Loneliness Scale 7 2 6 2 5 2


id: cord-292721-954nxptr
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  A Short Scale for Measuring Loneliness in Large Surveys Results From Two Population Based Studies People with Suspected COVID


id: cord-307915-mmw5s981
type: ORG
entity:
  Attributes Integration of Pet in Daily Life Strategic Utilization and Forging New Connections Deriving Comfort


id: cord-307915-mmw5s981
type: ORG
entity:
  Camaraderie Advice for Future Users and Recommendations for Enhancing Ownership Experience Participants


id: cord-308271-zzepl3on
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Preliminary Estimates of the Prevalence of Selected Underlying Health Conditions Among Patients with Coronavirus Disease


id: cord-314779-f5nvspcg
type: ORG
entity:
  Ecological Communication Theories of Distinction Redescribing the Descriptions of Modernity Introduction to Systems Theory Transdisciplinarity


id: cord-295786-cpuz08vl
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  An Unsupervised Learning Approach for Automatically to Categorize Potential Suicide Messages in Social Media Data


id: cord-295786-cpuz08vl
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Using Linguistic Features to Estimate Suicide Probability of Chinese Microblog Users Report of Board of Scientific Affairs Advisory Group on the Conduct of Research on the Internet Information


id: cord-313591-hb3gqksg
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Functional Effects of Physical Exercise Training in Frail Older People Social Frailty Leads to the Development of Physical Frailty among Physically Non Frail Adults A


id: cord-302708-wt86pp4l
type: LAW
entity:
  Public Health 7 WHO regional office for Europe European Commission European Observatory on Health Systems


id: cord-320147-29a7njqi
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  How Can We Quarantine Without a Home Responses of Activism and Urban Social Movements in Times of COVID 19 Pandemic Crisis


id: cord-320147-29a7njqi
type: LAW
entity:
  the Universal Declaration of Human Rights the International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights and the Constitution of the Portuguese Republic


id: cord-321705-6a7avlro
type: ORG
entity:
  Immediate and Sustained Psychological Impact of an Emerging Infectious Disease Outbreak on Health Care Workers Canadian


id: cord-315126-713k0b9u
type: ORG
entity:
  Industrial and Organizational Psychology Perspectives on Science and Practice Generationalism Problems


id: cord-309161-ceahghs1
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Lancet Frameworks for Proof of Concept Clinical Trials of Interventions That Target Fundamental Aging Processes


id: cord-309161-ceahghs1
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Understanding the Cumulative Burden of Basic Needs Insecurities Associations With Health and Academic Achievement Among College Students Preconditioning


id: cord-309161-ceahghs1
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Metformin Treatment Was Associated with Decreased Mortality Patients with Diabetes in a Retrospective Analysis Association


id: cord-309161-ceahghs1
type: ORG
entity:
  Remote Ischemic Perconditioning to Reduce Reperfusion Injury During Acute ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction A Systematic Review


id: cord-309161-ceahghs1
type: ORG
entity:
  Health Psychology Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology Childhood Asthma Prevention Study


id: cord-340827-vx37vlkf
type: GGP
entity:
  P d ¼ 2d À3 e g see Pastor Satorras and Vespignani 2000 2001 In that case there is always a positive steady state infection rate More generally Lopez Pintado 2008 addresses the question of when it is that there will be a positive steady state infection rate To get some intuition for her results let so that the equation y ¼ H y


id: cord-340827-vx37vlkf
type: ORG
entity:
  Social Structure Segregation and Economic Behavior Social and Economic Networks Relating Network Structure to Diffusion Properties


id: cord-340827-vx37vlkf
type: LAW
entity:
  Design Innovation and Fashion Cycles Complementarities Group Formation and Preferences for Similarity Workers and Wages


id: cord-340827-vx37vlkf
type: EVENT
entity:
  The Laws of Imitation Social Interactions Local Spillovers and Unemployment Identifying Formal and Informal Inuence in Technology Adoption with Network Externalities Medical Innovation Revisited Social Contagion


id: cord-346194-l8svzjp2
type: DNA
entity:
  3390 ijerph17113780 sha 65eb764dadf60f0b28803c0c2aad7cd9bbb5d52e doc_id 346194 cord_uid l8svzjp2 COVID 19


id: cord-337606-x7v26xrj
type: DISEASE
entity:
  impairments in social and mental health and cognitive functioning Social distancing challenges social health Social health


id: cord-346258-xlyi0cnl
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Adolescents With Specific Learning Disabilities Istraživanje Kvaliteta Uslužnog Process u Kruzing Turizmu


id: cord-346258-xlyi0cnl
type: ORG
entity:
  The World Cruise Industry A Profile of the Global Labour Market Seafarer s International Research Centre SIRC


id: cord-330228-plcdwazu
type: ORG
entity:
  Final Report of the Commission on Social Determinants of Health Geneva World Health Organization Social


id: cord-330228-plcdwazu
type: LAW
entity:
  Signs UN Declaration on Preventing and Controlling Chronic Diseases Ministry of Health Promotion Standards Programs Community Development Branch Healthy Eating Physical Activity and Healthy Weights


id: cord-330228-plcdwazu
type: ORG
entity:
  National Collaborating Centre for Determinants of Health Integrating Social Determinants of Health and Health Equity


id: cord-330228-plcdwazu
type: ORG
entity:
  Melbourne National Public Health Partnership Ministry of Health and Long Term Care Nutritious Food Basket


id: cord-350031-2c9x55hx
type: ORG
entity:
  China Using Information and Communication Technologies for Family Communication and Its Association with Family


id: cord-348012-idflfwpb
type: GGP
entity:
  Memberships χ 2 6 N 421 14 35 p 0 026 The most significant post hoc results showed Table 3 worse results for the younger age groups less than 39 years Notably group 2 20 29 years old presented worse general indicators with higher levels of anxiety and depression and lower levels of mental health than participants over 40 and lower levels of perceived physical health resilience and life satisfaction than those in group 6 60 69 years Similarly group 3 30 39 years presented greater anxiety and worse mental health than the participants over 60 years old the latter result also obtained by those of 18 19 years old 1 Dunn Bonferroni post hoc test Only significant differences between groups appear p 0 05 Table 6 Descriptives Md IQR of the variables


id: cord-348012-idflfwpb
type: GGP
entity:
  Memberships χ 2 7 N 421 21 68 p 0 003 As can be seen in Table 4 participants with higher levels of education showed better general indicators Specifically those with doctoral degrees expressed lower levels of anxiety and depression than high school graduates and higher levels of mental health and resilience than those with primary education While those with a master s degree reported greater group membership continuity than high school graduates and more new group memberships than those with a bachelor s degree As shown in Table 5 people who were working during the period of confinement teleworking or face to face presented greater membership continuity life satisfaction resilience and mental health than people who didn t work temporary suspension of contract sick leave ERTE or inactivity due to confinement Moreover people who didn t work expressed higher levels of depression that people who were in working in confinement Regarding occupational status the most significant results showed that retirees experienced lower levels of anxiety and depression than part time workers and students better mental health than part time workers the unemployed COVID 19 unemployed and students and also less depression than the latter three groups In addition students showed less resilience than retirees worse mental health and greater depression than self employed and full time workers and greater anxiety than the latter The results shown by the students are consistent with those already mentioned for the younger age groups Table 3 Compared to other professionals O health professionals HP reported that they developed more new group memberships showed greater personal identity strength provided more social support and had more perceived personal control The results in Table 6 show that people who were in a relationship in confinement showed lower levels of depression and better mental health In turn people with children showed less anxiety and depression and also displayed higher personal identity strength life satisfaction resilience mental health and physical health Finally people who belonged to a COVID 19 risk group only reported worse perceived physical health Mdn 7 29 IQR 8 29 5 78 than those who did not belonged Mdn 7 86 IQR 8 86 6 29 U 14481 50 p 0 021 As shown in Table 7 maintenance of memberships before quarantine was correlated with the building of new ones during quarantine ρ 0 34 p 0 01 Membership continuity was associated with identity strength ρ 0 20 p 0 01 but new memberships were not correlated with it Meanwhile received social support correlated with membership continuity ρ 0 22 p 0 01 and with personal identity strength ρ 0 30 p 0 01 And provided social support was positively associated with membership continuity ρ 0 29 p 0 01 new memberships ρ 0 12 p 0 05 and highly with personal identity strength ρ 0 41 p 0 01 Moreover perceptions of received and provided social support were strongly correlated ρ 0 56 p 0 01 Spearman s rank correlation coefficients related to perceived control are also presented in Table 2 Personal identity strength showed a significant association ρ 0 28 p 0 01 and also received social support ρ 0 24 p 0 01 and provided social support ρ 0 31 p 0 01 Correlations regarding relationships group and identity resources measures and health and well being perceptions are also shown in Table 2 Membership continuity was correlated with resilience ρ 0 15 p 0 01 Personal identity strength was positively associated with resilience ρ 0 30 p 0 01 life satisfaction ρ 0 30 p 0 01 mental health ρ 0 21 p 0 01 and perceived physical health ρ 0 17 p 0 01 and negatively with anxiety ρ 0 11 p 0 05 and depression ρ 0 18 p 0 01 New identities showed no associations with well being Meanwhile received social support was positively associated with resilience ρ 0 18 p 0 01 life satisfaction ρ 0 31 p 0 01 mental health ρ 0 22 p 0 01 and perceived physical health ρ 0 21 p 0 01 and negatively with anxiety ρ 0 12 p 0 05 and depression ρ 0 17 p 0 01 Whereas provided social support was positively associated with resilience ρ 0 21 p 0 01 life satisfaction ρ 0 27 p 0 01 mental health ρ 0 16 p 0 01 and perceived physical health ρ 0 16 p 0 01 and negatively with anxiety ρ 0 10 p 0 05 Lastly perceived control was positively associated with resilience ρ 0 29 p 0 01 strongly with life satisfaction ρ 0 57 p 0 01 mental health ρ 0 35 p 0 01 and perceived physical health ρ 0 43 p 0 01 and negatively with anxiety ρ 0 34 p 0 01 and depression ρ 0 36 p 0 01 We conducted additional analysis in order to delve deeper into the relationships between received and provided social support during the pandemic perceived personal control and personal identity strength and the different health and well being factors To this end these variables were recoded in three clusters


id: cord-355726-44x0idzn
type: ORG
entity:
  Health Action International Asia Pacific HAIAP People Health Movement PHM Third World Network TWN International Network for Rational Use of Drugs INRUD


id: cord-340101-n9zqc1gm
type: ORG
entity:
  the Amsterdam Study of the Elderly AMSTEL Loneliness and Risk of Alzheimer Disease Loneliness Is Associated with Sleep Fragmentation


id: cord-340101-n9zqc1gm
type: FAC
entity:
  Importance of Studying the Contributions of Early Adverse Experience to Neurobiological Findings in Depression The Influence of Social Hierarchy on Primate Health Social


id: cord-351401-mloml4z3
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Fear for their livelihood motivates people to protect it which conceivably increases the importance of values


id: cord-352008-hvujl36d
type: GGP
entity:
  e Receipt 2 6 social network area which could be used for sharing or storing the e Receipt within social networks accounts and 2 7


id: cord-352008-hvujl36d
type: ORG
entity:
  Social Media Marketing Strategies for Engaging in Facebook Análisis Estratégico Para El Desarrollo De La PYME


# url

id: cord-303165-ikepr2p2
domain: www.gov.uk
url:
  http://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attach-ment_data/file/127106/121109-NHS-Outcomes-Framework-2013-14.pdf


id: cord-350270-rcft3xfh
domain: www.brookings.edu
url:
  http://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2020/03/27/class-and-covid-how-theless-affluent-face-double-risks/


# bib

id: cord-002774-tpqsjjet
title: Section II: Poster Sessions
author: nan
date: 2017-12-01
txt: ./txt/cord-002774-tpqsjjet.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-002774-tpqsjjet.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5711696/
doi: 10.1093/jurban/jti137
abstract: nan
summary:
  Results: The CHIP Framework The CHIP framework aims to improve the health and wellness of the urban communities served by St. Josephs Health Centre through four intersecting pillars: • Raising Community Voices provides an infrastructure and process that supports community stakeholder input into health care service planning, decision-making, and delivery by the hospital and across the continuum of care; • Sharing Reciprocal Capacity promotes healthy communities through the sharing of our intellectual and physical capacity with our community partners; • Cultivating Integration Initiatives facilitates vertical, horizontal, and intersectoral integration initiatives in support of community-identified needs and gaps; and • Facilitating Healthy Exchange develops best practices in community integration through community-based research, and facilitates community voice in informing public policy.


id: cord-005159-6agnsbyd
title: Vulnerability, diversity and scarcity: on universal rights
author: Turner, Bryan Stanley
date: 2013-07-12
txt: ./txt/cord-005159-6agnsbyd.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-005159-6agnsbyd.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7088674/
doi: 10.1007/s11019-013-9500-6
summary:
  We argue that bioethics has a universal range because it relates to three shared human characteristics,—human vulnerability, institutional precariousness and scarcity of resources. The generic concepts of ''ethics of rights'' and ''ethics of duties'' (Patrão Neves 2009)-found implicitly in most official bioethics documents-can be viewed as two relevant ideas for a sociological study of human rights and global health policy. We argue that bioethics has a universal range because it relates to three shared human characteristics,-human vulnerability, institutional precariousness and scarcity of resources. We defend the idea some conditions such as human vulnerability, precariousness institutions and scarcity of resources, are common to human societies and can serve as a grounding for future research in bioethics. In its report on the Principle of respect for human vulnerability and personal integrity, the International Bioethics Committee notably indicates that the ''most significant worldwide barrier to improving the levels of attainment of health through health care interventions is the scarcity of resources'' (UNESCO 2011: 29) .

abstract:
  This article makes a contribution to the on-going debates about universalism and cultural relativism from the perspective of sociology. We argue that bioethics has a universal range because it relates to three shared human characteristics,—human vulnerability, institutional precariousness and scarcity of resources. These three components of our argument provide support for a related notion of ‘weak foundationalism’ that emphasizes the universality and interrelatedness of human experience, rather than their cultural differences. After presenting a theoretical position on vulnerability and human rights, we draw on recent criticism of this approach in order to paint a more nuanced picture. We conclude that the dichotomy between universalism and cultural relativism has some conceptual merit, but it also has obvious limitations when we consider the political economy of health and its impact on social inequality.


id: cord-005242-9g2w16d6
author: Shek, Daniel T. L.
date: 2017-01-11
txt: ./txt/cord-005242-9g2w16d6.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-005242-9g2w16d6.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7089222/
doi: 10.1007/s11205-017-1552-1
summary:
  This paper is a response to the article entitled "Fifty years after the Social Indicators Movement: Has the promise been fulfilled?" by Ken Land and Alex Michalos (2015) which constitutes a careful review of the historical development of the Social Indicators Movement, utility of social indicators in shaping the concept of quality of life and subjective well-being, and issues deserving social indicators research in future. These include (a) the use of "other types of evidence", particularly qualitative data; (b) evaluation of social programs; (c) feasibility of assessing "social progress"; (d) choice of social indicators; (e) interpretation of findings; (f) methodological debates; and (g) explanations for social change. Regarding puzzles in social indicators research, we consider several issues, including the role of qualitative data, role of evaluation in social programs, feasibility of assessing social progress, choice of social indicators to be used, interpretations of findings, methodological debates and explanations for social change.

title:
  The Social Indicators Movement: Progress, Paradigms, Puzzles, Promise and Potential Research Directions

abstract:
  This paper is a response to the article entitled “Fifty years after the Social Indicators Movement: Has the promise been fulfilled?” by Ken Land and Alex Michalos (2015) which constitutes a careful review of the historical development of the Social Indicators Movement, utility of social indicators in shaping the concept of quality of life and subjective well-being, and issues deserving social indicators research in future. In this response paper, we join in the discussion by highlighting five issues—progress, paradigms, puzzles, promise, and potential research directions of social indicators research. In terms of progress, while we have accomplished many tasks proposed by Solomon et al. (The quality of life, Sage, London 1980), some of them are yet to be achieved. Regarding research paradigms surrounding social indicators, researchers have primarily used positivistic or post-positivistic orientation to conduct and interpret social indicators research, with relatively fewer studies using interpretive, constructionist or critical theory perspective. There are also several puzzles deserving consideration. These include (a) the use of “other types of evidence”, particularly qualitative data; (b) evaluation of social programs; (c) feasibility of assessing “social progress”; (d) choice of social indicators; (e) interpretation of findings; (f) methodological debates; and (g) explanations for social change. Finally, the promise of social indicators research to promote quality of life and potential future research directions of social indicators research are discussed.


id: cord-005385-hswyus24
title: On the Edge of Solidarity: The Burqa and Public Life
author: Baehr, Peter
date: 2012-08-21
txt: ./txt/cord-005385-hswyus24.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-005385-hswyus24.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7091286/
doi: 10.1007/s12115-012-9584-2
summary:
  It argues that, in political terms, the wearing of the burqa and niqab is inconsistent with Western norms of equality, the backbone of the citizenship ideal; and that, in social terms, the full veil erects a partition to interpersonal understanding and reciprocity. Invented in the ancient Greek world, the concept of "public" has assumed since its birth a host of connotations: common property and the common good; a realm in which free and equal men are able to deliberate on and decide political affairs; a place of discourse rather than labor; the primacy of law over arbitrary rule; a domain in which the ruler is considered to be a kind of custodian or guardian of the commonweal rather than a seigneur or lord; a region in which citizens may find distinction and glory; an area accessible to the many; a vehicle of composite opinion; a community pursuing a joint purpose (Habermas [1962 (Habermas [ ] 1999 Oakeshott 1975: 149, 207, 218.) Each of these meanings has, in turn, taken on its own inflections; for instance, Robert Nisbet''s (1982: 249-50 ) distinction between public opinion ("the sturdy filter of long-shared values and traditions") and popular opinion (the transient froth of mood and fashion).

abstract:
  Dislike among European publics for the Islamic full veil and the desire to ban it are often ascribed to nativist "Islamophobia." This article questions that assumption. It argues that, in political terms, the wearing of the burqa and niqab is inconsistent with Western norms of equality, the backbone of the citizenship ideal; and that, in social terms, the full veil erects a partition to interpersonal understanding and reciprocity. While the constitutional duty to protect religious freedom is a good argument in favor of tolerating the full veil, the practice of wearing it is at the edge of solidarity and injurious to the democratic public sphere.


id: cord-009604-pdctikjg
author: DeLacy, Jack
date: 2020-04-15
txt: ./txt/cord-009604-pdctikjg.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-009604-pdctikjg.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7161003/
doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-08570-3
summary:
  A scoping content review was performed to determine the relationship between social determinants of health and otitis media in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children as described by peer-reviewed and grey literature. Despite consensus that social determinants play a key role in the high rates of otitis media in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children, the majority of intervention studies within the literature are focussed on biomedical approaches such as research on vaccines and antibiotics. [14] The social determinants of health framework identifies three key areas of health for Aboriginal populations, with the literature addressing ''housing, employment, education and income'' most frequently (32%) in relation to high rates of OM in Aboriginal children. Although the literature mentions various social determinants that are consistent with the framework (e.g. housing, education, employment, community engagement, culture and history), none of the included articles evaluated these key areas of Aboriginal health with the objective to establish effective social, environmental, political or cultural-focussed interventions for OM.

title:
  The social determinants of otitis media in aboriginal children in Australia: are we addressing the primary causes? A systematic content review

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children experience some of the highest rates of otitis media in the world. Key risk factors for otitis media in Aboriginal children in Australia are largely social and environmental factors such as overcrowded housing, poverty and limited access to services. Despite this, little is known about how to address these risk factors. A scoping content review was performed to determine the relationship between social determinants of health and otitis media in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children as described by peer-reviewed and grey literature. METHOD: Search terms were established for location, population and health condition. The search terms were used to conduct a literature search using six health research databases. Following the exclusion process, articles were scoped, analysed and categorised using scoping parameters and a social determinants of health framework. RESULTS: Housing-related issues were the most frequently reported determinants for otitis media (56%). Two articles (4%) directly investigated the impact of social determinants of health on rates of otitis media within Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children. The majority of the literature (68%) highlights social determinants as playing a key role in the high rates of otitis media seen in Aboriginal populations in Australia. There were no intervention studies targeting social determinants as a means to reduce otitis media rates among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children. CONCLUSIONS: This review identifies a disconnect between otitis media drivers and the focus of public health interventions within Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations. Despite consensus that social determinants play a key role in the high rates of otitis media in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children, the majority of intervention studies within the literature are focussed on biomedical approaches such as research on vaccines and antibiotics. This review highlights the need for otitis media intervention studies to shift away from a purely biomedical model and toward investigating the underlying social determinants of health. By shifting interventions upstream, otitis media rates may decrease within Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children, as focus is shifted away from a treatment-focussed model and toward a more preventative model.


id: cord-011824-4ge9i90s
title: Amplified Concern for Social Risk in Adolescence: Development and Validation of a New Measure
author: Andrews, Jack L.
date: 2020-06-23
txt: ./txt/cord-011824-4ge9i90s.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-011824-4ge9i90s.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7349691/
doi: 10.3390/brainsci10060397
summary:
  We developed a questionnaire measure in order to assess the degree to which adolescents and adults are concerned about engaging in health and social risk behaviours. An additional CFA to assess a one-factor structure did not achieve good model fit (RMSEA = 0.12 (0.11-0.13), SRMR = 0.10, CFI = 0.72, and TLI = 0.70), indicating that concern about risk taking is not a unitary construct and is instead domain specific (health, social). An additional CFA to assess a one-factor structure did not achieve good model fit (RMSEA = 0.18 (0.17-0.19), SRMR = 0.16, CFI = 0.60, and TLI = 0.50), indicating that concern about risk taking is not a unitary construct across domains, and is instead domain specific (health, social), as in the adult sample. In this study, we developed a questionnaire measure of concern for health and social risk behaviours for use in adolescents and adults.

abstract:
  In adolescence, there is a heightened propensity to take health risks such as smoking, drinking or driving too fast. Another facet of risk taking, social risk, has largely been neglected. A social risk can be defined as any decision or action that could lead to an individual being excluded by their peers, such as appearing different to one’s friends. In the current study, we developed and validated a measure of concern for health and social risk for use in individuals of 11 years and over (N = 1399). Concerns for both health and social risk declined with age, challenging the commonly held stereotype that adolescents are less worried about engaging in risk behaviours, compared with adults. The rate of decline was steeper for social versus health risk behaviours, suggesting that adolescence is a period of heightened concern for social risk. We validated our measure against measures of rejection sensitivity, depression and risk-taking behaviour. Greater concern for social risk was associated with increased sensitivity to rejection and greater depressed mood, and this association was stronger for adolescents compared with adults. We conclude that social risks should be incorporated into future models of risk-taking behaviour, especially when they are pitted against health risks.


id: cord-011906-ek7joi0m
author: Throuvala, Melina A.
date: 2020-07-05
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7369880/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17134842
title:
  Mind over Matter: Testing the Efficacy of an Online Randomized Controlled Trial to Reduce Distraction from Smartphone Use

abstract:
  Evidence suggests a growing call for the prevention of excessive smartphone and social media use and the ensuing distraction that arises affecting academic achievement and productivity. A ten-day online randomized controlled trial with the use of smartphone apps, engaging participants in mindfulness exercises, self-monitoring and mood tracking, was implemented amongst UK university students (n = 143). Participants were asked to complete online pre- and post-intervention assessments. Results indicated high effect sizes in reduction of smartphone distraction and improvement scores on a number of self-reported secondary psychological outcomes. The intervention was not effective in reducing habitual behaviours, nomophobia, or time spent on social media. Mediation analyses demonstrated that: (i) emotional self-awareness but not mindful attention mediated the relationship between intervention effects and smartphone distraction, and (ii) online vigilance mediated the relationship between smartphone distraction and problematic social media use. The present study provides preliminary evidence of the efficacy of an intervention for decreased smartphone distraction and highlights psychological processes involved in this emergent phenomenon in the smartphone literature. Online interventions may serve as complementary strategies to reduce distraction levels and promote insight into online engagement. More research is required to elucidate the mechanisms of digital distraction and assess its implications in problematic use.


id: cord-011924-7ofjjwqo
title: Socio-religious Prognosticators of Psychosocial Burden of Beta Thalassemia Major
author: ul Hassan Rashid, Muhammad Abo
date: 2020-07-21
txt: ./txt/cord-011924-7ofjjwqo.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-011924-7ofjjwqo.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7372744/
doi: 10.1007/s10943-020-01069-6
summary:
  The findings reveal that inadequate knowledge of the disease, insufficient or misdirected social support, stigmatization, and marriage breakups caused by the disease, superstitions, and misinterpretations of religion and the subsequent practices accordingly as significant predictors of psychosocial burden of beta thalassemia major among non-cousins and cousin couples. Data was collected by using interview schedule as a tool which comprised demographic variables, independent factors (parental knowledge of disease, social and religious factors) and dependent variable (psychosocial burden of beta thalassemia major). The study also revealed that parental knowledge of disease has a significant effect on psychosocial burden of beta thalassemia major among both cousin and non-cousins couples. The lack of knowledge and awareness regarding causes and management of beta thalassemia major, not only aggravates the disease but has a strong impact on social and psychological adjustment of parents of sick children (Abu Shosha and Al Kalaldeh 2018).

abstract:
  The study investigates the socio-religious factors in the propagation of genetically inherited disease of Beta thalassemia. The disorder which reportedly has a significant protraction through repeated cousin marriages results in the social maladjustment of the parents of the sick children due to constant depression, anxiety, and weak social interaction and may lead to social isolation as well. This research aims to find out the significant effect of socio-religious trends on psychosocial burden of beta thalassemia major among cousin and non-cousin couples in the province of Punjab in Pakistan. It takes a sample of 932 parents of sick children, among whom 735 were married with cousins and 197 with non-cousins, for data collection. The findings reveal that inadequate knowledge of the disease, insufficient or misdirected social support, stigmatization, and marriage breakups caused by the disease, superstitions, and misinterpretations of religion and the subsequent practices accordingly as significant predictors of psychosocial burden of beta thalassemia major among non-cousins and cousin couples. Additionally, it also finds patriarchy as only significant predictors of outcome variable among cousin couples.


id: cord-013385-6nq4yzvz
title: Heterogeneous Influences of Social Support on Physical and Mental Health: Evidence from China
author: Yang, Fan
date: 2020-09-18
txt: ./txt/cord-013385-6nq4yzvz.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-013385-6nq4yzvz.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7558190/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186838
summary:
  A growing body of literature has demonstrated that the amount and quality of social support from relatives, friends, neighbors, and the community are pivotal factors in positively affecting a person''s physical and mental health [10] [11] [12] and acts as a form of prevention against harmful behaviors and distressing emotions [13] . Based on big data from China, this study adopts quantitative research methods to analyze the heterogenous affecting of social support on individual physical and mental health. Oprobit regression models are used to estimate the influences of social support factors on the six mental health dimensions in this study (depression, hopelessness, failure, fear, loneliness, and meaninglessness). As such, we grouped the samples into two subgroups-respondents below 60 and those 60 and over-to check the heterogeneous influence of emotional, tangible or instrumental, interaction or exchange, and community support on individual mental health at different ages.

abstract:
  Employing a national representative survey (the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey 2016, CLDS2016) data (N = 14246), this paper examines the heterogeneous influences of social support on individual physical and mental health in China. Social support is characterized by four dimensions: emotional support, tangible or instrumental support, interaction or exchange support, and community support. Physical health is measured by self-rated health and body mass index (BMI), while mental health is measured by depression, hopelessness, failure, fear, loneliness, and meaninglessness. The results indicate that different dimensions of social support have heterogeneous effects on individual physical and mental health. Specifically, the correlation between emotional support and individual physical health is not significant, but emotional support is significantly related to some mental health variables. Tangible or instrumental support is significantly related to individual self-rated physical health but not to BMI or mental health. Interaction or exchange support is significantly correlated with individual self-rated health and some mental health variables. In general, there are significant correlations between community support, and individual physical and mental health. The results also suggest that the influences of social support on physical and mental health of individuals at different ages (<60 years and ≥60 years) are heterogeneous. The results of this study provide direction for the dimension selection of social support to promote individual health.


id: cord-015255-1qhgeirb
title: Managing the social amplification of risk: a simulation of interacting actors
author: Busby, J S
date: 2012-07-11
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7099211/
doi: 10.1057/jors.2012.80
abstract:
  A central problem in managing risk is dealing with social processes that either exaggerate or understate it. A longstanding approach to understanding such processes has been the social amplification of risk framework. But this implies that some true level of risk becomes distorted in social actors’ perceptions. Many risk events are characterised by such uncertainties, disagreements and changes in scientific knowledge that it becomes unreasonable to speak of a true level of risk. The most we can often say in such cases is that different groups believe each other to be either amplifying or attenuating a risk. This inherent subjectivity raises the question as to whether risk managers can expect any particular kinds of outcome to emerge. This question is the basis for a case study of zoonotic disease outbreaks using systems dynamics as a modelling medium. The model shows that processes suggested in the social amplification of risk framework produce polarised risk responses among different actors, but that the subjectivity magnifies this polarisation considerably. As this subjectivity takes more complex forms it leaves problematic residues at the end of a disease outbreak, such as an indefinite drop in economic activity and an indefinite increase in anxiety.


id: cord-016146-2g893c2r
title: Artificial Intelligence Technology and Social Problem Solving
author: Kim, Yeunbae
date: 2019-03-14
txt: ./txt/cord-016146-2g893c2r.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-016146-2g893c2r.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7120339/
doi: 10.1007/978-981-13-6936-0_2
summary:
  In this letter, we will present the views on how AI and ICT technologies can be applied to ease or solve social problems by sharing examples of research results from studies of social anxiety, environmental noise, mobility of the disabled, and problems in social safety. In this letter, I introduce research on the informatics platform for social problem solving, specifically based on spatio-temporal data, conducted by Hanyang University and cooperating institutions. The research focuses on social problems that involve spatio-temporal information, and applies social scientific approaches and data-analytic methods on a pilot basis to explore basic research issues and the validity of the approaches. Furthermore, (1) open-source informatics using convergent-scientific methodology and models, and (2) the spatio-temporal data sets that are to be acquired in the midst of exploring social problems for potential resolution are developed. Convergent approaches offer the new possibility of building an informatics platform that can interpret, predict and solve various social problems through the combination of social science and data science.

abstract:
  Modern societal issues occur in a broad spectrum with very high levels of complexity and challenges, many of which are becoming increasingly difficult to address without the aid of cutting-edge technology. To alleviate these social problems, the Korean government recently announced the implementation of mega-projects to solve low employment, population aging, low birth rate and social safety net problems by utilizing AI and ICBM (IoT, Cloud Computing, Big Data, Mobile) technologies. In this letter, we will present the views on how AI and ICT technologies can be applied to ease or solve social problems by sharing examples of research results from studies of social anxiety, environmental noise, mobility of the disabled, and problems in social safety. We will also describe how all these technologies, big data, methodologies and knowledge can be combined onto an open social informatics platform.


id: cord-016536-8wfyaxcb
title: Physical, Social and Cultural, and Global Influences
author: Ubokudom, Sunday E.
date: 2012-02-20
txt: ./txt/cord-016536-8wfyaxcb.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-016536-8wfyaxcb.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7120848/
doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-3169-5_6
summary:
  The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimate that only about 10% of premature deaths in the United States can be attributed to inadequate access to medical care, while the remaining 90% can be accounted for by individual lifestyle and behaviors (50%), genetic profi les (20%), and social and environmental conditions (20%) (CDC 1979 ) . In summation, international trade and fi nance, infectious disease epidemics, global warming and climate change, population mobility, and natural disasters and terrorism signifi cantly affect the United States health care delivery and policymaking systems. Research demonstrates that most of the deaths in the country are attributable to a small number of largely controllable behaviors and exposures, or due to factors that fall under the preventive, social, economic, environmental, and lifestyle and behavioral determinants of health. But even though most of the deaths in the country are the result of social, cultural, economic, environmental, and global factors, medical care is also an important determinant of health that cannot be ignored.

abstract:
  In Chap. 5, we examined the technological environment of the health care policy-making system. Specifically, we examined the classification, evolution, and diffusion of medical technology; the effects of medical technology on medical training and the practice of medicine; effects on medical costs, quality of care, and quality of life; effects on access to care; the ethical concerns raised by medical technology; and the practice of technology assessment. We concluded the chapter by observing that the growth of technology, as well as other human endeavors, affects other important aspects of our lives, most notably, the air we breathe, the food we eat, the generation of radioactive by-products and toxic chemicals, the manufacture of illicit drugs, and the generation of natural and man-made hazards. In other words, in addition to their effects on the health care system, technology and other human activities affect many other aspects of our lives that are associated with health.


id: cord-016889-7ih6jdpe
title: Identity Health
author: Shibuya, Kazuhiko
date: 2019-12-03
txt: ./txt/cord-016889-7ih6jdpe.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-016889-7ih6jdpe.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121317/
doi: 10.1007/978-981-15-2248-2_11
summary:
  These are a kind of mental illnesses and conditions as a maladaptation of gaming and social withdrawals from actual society, or they are overadaptation in somewhat online communities rather than physical environment. Those assessed data might intend to statistically reveal our strength of mental health and degree of adaptation in social relations, and then automatic prediction for those who answered personality tests enables to trustfully measure financial limitations for loans and transactions in actual contexts. (1973) and Giddens (1991) , they commonly argued that western post-modernizations could reconstruct mindsets on reality and social identification ways among citizens during achieving industrial progresses, if above severe incidents of nuclear power plants and those systems failures could be regarded as malfunctions as a symbol of modernity, above consequences of nuclear crisis on the Fukushima case (and other human-made disasters) might be contextualized to reexamine social adaptation and consciousness among Fukushima citizens by sociological verifications. As social networking services clearly indicate a part of human relationships online (Lazakidou 2012) , it can consider that their relations itself still have sharing illness personalities and depressed mental health.

abstract:
  Identity health has especially specific meanings for social relationships in contemporary digital age. First, computerized digital communication makes many citizens in severe maladaptation. The WHO often warns mental addictions of internet usages and online gaming among the youth. The advent of social media and online networking has endangered them in ambiguous situations which are not stabilizing in those basic grounds for human relationships. Further, because social networking sites and social gaming frequently enforce each member to interconnect with the others, many of participating members often hold harder mental debts to respond and maintain their interconnections. In this situation, in other words, it can say that all of users simultaneously might share common conditions under mental illness.


id: cord-017334-u1brl2bi
title: Society, Differentiation and Globalisation
author: Annandale, Ellen
date: 2017-07-21
txt: ./txt/cord-017334-u1brl2bi.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-017334-u1brl2bi.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121864/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-60786-3_2
summary:
  By turn, ''forced migrants'' comprises refuges, defined under the United Nations (UN) Refugee Convention of 1951 as those forced to flee to save their life or preserve their freedom; asylum seekers, or people seeking international protection, awaiting a decision on whether they have refugee status; and internally displaced persons (IDPs) forced to leave their homes to avoid armed conflict, natural or human-made disasters, or violations of human rights, but who have not crossed an international border. Although we need to be wary of overgeneralising, where ''voluntary'' movement is concerned, research points to health selection since migrants often are healthier compared to people in their country of origin, yet it is important to recognise that migration itself can carry risks such as those of transit and adjusting to life in a new country. The health consequences of forced migration are a powerful illustration of the ''social suffering [that] results from what political, economic, and institutional power does to people, and reciprocally, from how these forms of power themselves influence responses to social problems'' (Kleinman et al.

abstract:
  First, theories of globalisation and their implications for the analysis of health issues are discussed. Emphasis is on: (1) globalisation as embodied, something often overlooked by sociologists working outside of the field of health and (2) health vulnerabilities that arise from the heightened mobility and connectivities that characterise globalisation, taking migration and health as an illustration. Second, differentiation is considered by highlighting disparities in health vulnerability and the capacity of social groups to protect their health. This is illustrated by reference to the securitisation of health and the health consequences of violent conflict and the special vulnerabilities of children and of women. Third, the influence of interconnectedness of various national healthcare systems and implications for the delivery of effective healthcare are considered.


id: cord-017349-eu1gvjlx
title: Disaster Preparedness and Social Capital
author: Koh, Howard K.
date: 2008
txt: ./txt/cord-017349-eu1gvjlx.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-017349-eu1gvjlx.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121889/
doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-71311-3_13
summary:
  In many parts of the United States, efforts have focused attention to regionalization of local public health, surge capacity planning, vulnerable populations, risk communication, and training through exercises and drills. The United States unveiled its National Pandemic Influenza Plan in November, 2005, addressing areas such as domestic and international surveillance, vaccine development and production, antiviral therapeutics, communications and state/local preparedness. Mounting a rapid, coordinated, integrated local response to mass casualty events such as pandemic influenza necessitates tight collaboration among a host of participants, including emergency management, public health, law enforcement, fire, emergency medical services, health care providers, public works, municipal government, and community-based organizations. In a time of social isolation where many are "bowling alone", disaster preparedness efforts may serve as a force that reverses this trend and contributes to a legacy of stronger local public health and a more revitalized society for the future.

abstract:
  The first decade of the 21st century has pushed the field of disaster preparedness to the forefront of public health. In a few short years, the world has witnessed the far–ranging ramifications of 9/11 and anthrax (2001), SARS (2003), the Indian Ocean tsunami (2004), Hurricane Katrina (2005) and the looming threat of pandemic influenza. Societies everywhere are responding to these developments with new policies that commit added resources for protection against future disasters.


id: cord-017351-73hlwwdh
title: Studying Future Disasters and Crises: A Heuristic Approach
author: Quarantelli, E. L.
date: 2017-09-12
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121892/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-63254-4_4
abstract:
  Over time, new types of crises and disasters have emerged. We argue that new types of adversity will continue to emerge. In this chapter, we offer a framework to study and interpret new forms of crises and disasters. This framework is informed by historical insights on societal interpretations of crises and disasters. We are particularly focused here on the rise of transboundary crises – those crises that traverse boundaries between countries and policy systems. We identify the characteristics of these transboundary disruptions, sketch a few scenarios and explore the societal vulnerabilities to this type of threat. We end by discussing some possible implications for planning and preparation practices.


id: cord-018024-fzjbdsg0
title: The Good of Patients and the Good of Society: Striking a Moral Balance
author: Pellegrino, Edmund D.
date: 2004
txt: ./txt/cord-018024-fzjbdsg0.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-018024-fzjbdsg0.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7122765/
doi: 10.1007/1-4020-2207-7_2
summary:
  In previous works we have held that an authentic ethic of clinical medicine must have its roots in a philosophy of medicine in which the good of the patient determines the obligations and virtues of the health professional. We contend that an authentic ethic of social medicine must have its roots in a philosophy of society in which the common good determines the obligations and virtues of the health professional. Physicians and nurses today practice within organizations, institutions, and systems; they are members of interprofessional health care teams and professional associations; access, availability, and distribution of health care has become a question of justice, and fairness; the economic, societal, and political impact of medical decisions have ethical significance, as does the conduct of health care organizations; potential be included under the same rubric. Medicine has always existed within a social context in which the uses of medical knowledge and clinical decisions have impacted the good of society as well as the individual patient.

abstract:
  The relationship between the good of individual patients and the special good is examined when they are in conflict. The proposition is advanced that the ethical resolution of such conflicts requires an ethic of social medicine comparable to the existing ethic of clinical medicine. Comparing and contrasting the obligations clinicians incur under both aspects of the ethics of medicine is propadeutic to any ordering of priorities between them. The suggested partition of obligations between patient good and the common good is applicable beyond medicine to the other health professions.


id: cord-018821-e9oxvgar
title: Sociality, Parasites, and Pathogens in Bats
author: Webber, Quinn M. R.
date: 2016-04-27
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7123799/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-38953-0_5
abstract:
  Little is known about the ecology of many of the parasites and pathogens affecting bats, but host social behavior almost certainly plays an important role in bat-parasite dynamics. Understanding parasite dynamics for bats is important from a human public health perspective because of their role as natural reservoirs for recent high-profile emerging zoonotic pathogens (e.g. Ebola, Hendra) and from a bat conservation perspective because of the recent emergence of white-nose syndrome (WNS) in North America highlighting the potential population impacts of parasites and pathogens. Although some bat species are among the most gregarious of mammals, species vary widely in terms of their social behavior and this variation could influence pathogen transmission and impacts. Here, we review the literature on links between bat social behavior and parasite dynamics. Using standardized search terms in Web of Science, we identified articles that explicitly tested or discussed links between some aspect of bat sociality and parasite transmission or host population impacts. We identified social network analysis, epidemiological modeling, and interspecific comparative analyses as the most commonly used methods to quantify relationships between social behavior and parasite-risk in bats while WNS, Hendra virus, and arthropod ectoparasites were the most commonly studied host-parasite systems. We summarize known host-parasite relationships in these three systems and propose testable hypotheses that could improve our understanding of links between host sociality and parasite-dynamics in bats.


id: cord-018947-d4im0p9e
title: Challenges in Economics
author: Helbing, Dirk
date: 2012-02-10
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7123964/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-24004-1_16
abstract:
  In the same way as the Hilbert Program was a response to the foundational crisis of mathematics [1], this article tries to formulate a research program for the socio-economic sciences. The aim of this contribution is to stimulate research in order to close serious knowledge gaps in mainstream economics that the recent financial and economic crisis has revealed. By identifying weak points of conventional approaches in economics, we identify the scientific problems which need to be addressed. We expect that solving these questions will bring scientists in a position to give better decision support and policy advice. We also indicate, what kinds of insights can be contributed by scientists from other research fields such as physics, biology, computer and social science. In order to make a quick progress and gain a systemic understanding of the whole interconnected socio-economic-environmental system, using the data, information and computer systems available today and in the near future, we suggest a multi-disciplinary collaboration as most promising research approach.


id: cord-019065-u07gnlv5
author: Voßschmidt, Stefan
date: 2018-06-02
txt: ./txt/cord-019065-u07gnlv5.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-019065-u07gnlv5.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124116/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-658-20811-0_6
summary:
  Als eine neue Regelung ist das "Gesetz zum besseren Informationsaustausch bei der Bekämpfung des internationalen Terrorismus" vom 26. Daraus folgt, dass Feuerwehr und Rettungsdienst auf das allgemeine Ordnungsrecht und seine Ermächtigungsgrundlagen -vor allem die Generalklausel und die Bestimmungen über Störer/Nichtstörer zurückgreifen können, soweit sie nicht selbst eine dem § 14 Absatz 1 des Preußischen Polizeiverwaltungsgesetzes (PrPVG) nachgebildete Generalklausel zur Verfügung haben. Somit ergeben sich konkret folgende Zuständigkeiten: Das Land für den Katastrophenschutz auf Landesebene und überörtliche Gefahrenabwehr in planerischer und finanzieller Hinsicht, der Bund für Ergänzung und Erweiterung in Bezug auf Konzeption und Finanzierung, sowie bei Ergänzungsteilausstattung für Einsatz und Überwachung, die Kommunen/Städte (Gemeinden) und Kreise: Brandschutz-und Rettungsdienst (tägl. Grundsätzlich obliegen Social-Media-Analysen den für die Gefahrenabwehr zuständigen Behörden, in der Regel auf Landes-, Kreis-, oder Gemeindeebene, denen der Katastrophenschutz und die Katastrophenvorsorge übertragen sind. Dabei ist der Staat im Sinne des Artikel 28 Grundgesetz umfassend als Bund, Länder und Gemeinden und die zuständigen Behörden (i.

title:
  Sicherheitspolitische Bedrohungen und Risiken und das „geltende“ Recht in der 2. Hälfte des 2. Jahrzehnts des 21. Jahrhunderts unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Sicherstellungs- und Vorsorgegesetze. Sicherheitspolitik in Zeiten der Uneindeutigkeit

abstract:
  Das Grundgesetz (GG) kennt klare Regelungen zum Spannungs- und Verteidigungsfall, vgl. nur Art. 80a, 115a Abs. 1 GG. Diese Bestimmungen wurden unter den Bedrohungslagen des Kalten Krieges und seiner gefährlichsten Tage in der Kuba- Krise in einer Notstandsverfassung zusammengefasst, bei einer großen Wintex-Übung im Ausweichsitz der Verfassungsorgane in Mariental erprobt und von der ersten großen Koalition „verabschiedet“ (1966–1969, Kabinett Kiesinger/Brandt). Veränderungen folgten.


id: cord-020197-z4ianbw8
title: A Systematic Review on Fake News Themes Reported in Literature
author: Celliers, Marlie
date: 2020-03-10
txt: ./txt/cord-020197-z4ianbw8.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-020197-z4ianbw8.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7134307/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-45002-1_19
summary:
  The purpose of this literature review is to identify why individuals tend to share false information and to possibly help in detecting fake news before it spreads. While conducting the literature review, 22 articles highlighted the social factors; 13 articles discussed the role that cognitive factors have in contributing to the sharing and spreading of fake news; 13 articles highlighted the role of political factors; nine articles discussed how financial gain could convince a social media users to spread false information and 13 articles debated malicious factors and the effect that malicious factors have on the sharing and spreading of false information. Social media platforms, like Facebook, came under fire in the 2016 US presidential election, when fake news stories from unchecked sources were spread among many users [10] . The goal of this literature review was only to identify the factors that drive the spreading of fake news on social media platforms and did not fully address the dilemma of combatting the sharing and spreading of false information.

abstract:
  In this systematic literature review, a study of the factors involved in the spreading of fake news, have been provided. In this review, the root causes of the spreading of fake news are identified to reduce the encouraging of such false information. To combat the spreading of fake news on social media, the reasons behind the spreading of fake news must first be identified. Therefore, this literature review takes an early initiative to identify the possible reasons behind the spreading of fake news. The purpose of this literature review is to identify why individuals tend to share false information and to possibly help in detecting fake news before it spreads.


id: cord-020210-k2l269la
title: Can Technology Be Leveraged for Bridging the Rural-Urban Divide?
author: Shirish, Anuragini
date: 2020-03-10
txt: ./txt/cord-020210-k2l269la.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-020210-k2l269la.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7134320/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-45002-1_25
summary:
  Grounding our work in social resource-based view (SRBV) and the literature on reverse innovation and information systems, we examine an impactful social entrepreneurship initiative in a developing country context, with a view to transplant the learnings to the required pockets in other developing and developed economies [6, 7, 12, 14, 17] . We intend to use a qualitative case-based methodology and a process view to analyze data from an Indian company (VillageTechServ 1 ) (VTS) to understand the social resource-based actions that the company undertook to fulfil their objective of creating jobs for the rural Indian population. Consistent with the case study approach, we will provide an overview of some of the streams of research that will contribute to our theory building, namely, literature on social resource-based view and the role of ICT for bridging societal inequalities.

abstract:
  Inequalities exist and persist in society in different forms and are often areas of prime concern for governments and policy makers around the globe. One such inequality that plagues societies is the rural-urban divide. Several social entrepreneurs are attempting to leverage technology to bridge this divide. In our research-in-progress paper, we describe the case of an Indian company, which is leveraging technology to create knowledge-based jobs for the rural Indian population. The approach adopted by the company in initiating and sustaining such an effort was an inside-out approach in contrast to the usual approach of focusing only on the internal resources within the company. Specifically, our research aims at abstracting the process mechanisms that enabled such an initiative. The unearthed mechanisms would inform future research on the modalities for orchestrating such an initiative. The findings would also help practitioners, especially social entrepreneurs, to think of innovative business models that would create value not only for the company but also for society as a whole. The delineated learnings would also help enthused social entrepreneurs to transplant such initiatives to other regions of the world.


id: cord-024385-peakgsyp
title: Social media and moral panics: Assessing the effects of technological change on societal reaction
author: Walsh, James P
date: 2020-03-28
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7201200/
doi: 10.1177/1367877920912257
abstract:
  Answering calls for deeper consideration of the relationship between moral panics and emergent media systems, this exploratory article assesses the effects of social media – web-based venues that enable and encourage the production and exchange of user-generated content. Contra claims of their empowering and deflationary consequences, it finds that, on balance, recent technological transformations unleash and intensify collective alarm. Whether generating fear about social change, sharpening social distance, or offering new opportunities for vilifying outsiders, distorting communications, manipulating public opinion, and mobilizing embittered individuals, digital platforms and communications constitute significant targets, facilitators, and instruments of panic production. The conceptual implications of these findings are considered.


id: cord-024569-d9opzb6m
author: Seo, Mihye
date: 2019-07-26
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7206556/
doi: 10.1177/1077699019857693
title:
  Amplifying Panic and Facilitating Prevention: Multifaceted Effects of Traditional and Social Media Use During the 2015 MERS Crisis in South Korea

abstract:
  In the context of the 2015 Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak in South Korea, this study examines the multifaceted effects of media use considering the current complex media environment. Analysis of a two-wave online panel survey found that traditional media use had a positive influence on MERS knowledge while social media use did not. However, knowledge did not facilitate preventive behaviors. In contrast, negative emotional responses due to media use stimulated desirable behaviors. Furthermore, social media use directly influenced behavioral responses but traditional media use did not show the same effects. Different functions of traditional and social media during an epidemic are discussed.


id: cord-024640-04goxwsx
title: The easy weaponization of social media: why profit has trumped security for U.S. companies
author: Oates, Sarah
date: 2020-05-11
txt: ./txt/cord-024640-04goxwsx.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-024640-04goxwsx.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7212244/
doi: 10.1057/s42984-020-00012-z
summary:
  Now that it is impossible for social media companies to ignore the rising evidence of the central role of social media in inculcating conflict, they have defaulted to two key arguments in their defense: freedom of speech and the idea that the problem is limited to a fundamental misuse of their platforms. When you add on the way that social media companies sell audiences to advertisers by identifying key markers via user activity (friends, posts, clicks, likes, shares, etc.), you have the ability to manipulate both domestic and foreign audiences as never before. Given the evidence of the weaponization of social media and the particular lack of foreign citizens to have any right of redress against U.S. companies, 2 it is clear that unregulated and mostly unresponsive dominant media platforms are choosing not to fundamentally change their business model. However, if citizens and policymakers alike can be made aware of the critical role of U.S. social media companies in supporting information operations by foreign states, then change is more likely.

abstract:
  American-based social media companies have become active players in digital war, both by accident of design and a subsequent failure to address the threat due to concerns over profits. Discussions about the negative role of social media in society generally address the myriad problems wrought by social media, including electoral manipulation, foreign disinformation, trolling, and deepfakes, as unfortunate side effects of a democratizing technology. This article argues that the design of social media fosters information warfare. With its current composition and lack of regulation, social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter are active agents of disinformation, their destructive force in society outweighing their contributions to democracy. While this is not by deliberate design, the twin forces of capitalism and a lack of regulation of the world’s largest social media platforms have led to a situation in which social media are a key component of information war around the globe. This means that scholarly discussions should shift away from questions of ethics or actions (or lack thereof) on the part of social media companies to a frank focus on the security risk posed to democracy by social media.


id: cord-024871-emfk3gdg
author: Piperagkas, Grigorios
date: 2020-04-29
txt: ./txt/cord-024871-emfk3gdg.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-024871-emfk3gdg.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7225519/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-49165-9_10
summary:
  Toward this objective, this paper introduces and formalizes the concept of Social Participation Network, which captures the diverse participation relationships – between people, digital services and connected things – supporting participatory processes. Toward that direction, this paper introduces the concept of Social Participation Network, which captures the various entities that may potentially engage in a given digital participatory process, while abstracting the underlying heterogeneity. We then present the early design of an online service -introducing its architecture and component technologies -supporting the implementation of participatory processes based on the proposed concept of Social Participation Network (Sect. The previous section illustrates the key role of Cyber-Physical-Social Systems (CPSS) in the realization of digital participatory processes: People not solely need to network together, they also need the digital tools to collaborate, get access to the relevant information and (co-)create. We have introduced and formalized the paradigm of Social Participation Network to capture the diverse participation relationships -between people, digital services and connected things -supporting participatory processes.

title:
  Social Participation Network: Linking Things, Services and People to Support Participatory Processes

abstract:
  Digital technologies have impacted almost every aspect of our society, including how people participate in activities that matter to them. Indeed, digital participation allows people to be involved in different societal activities at an unprecedented scale through the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). Still, enabling participation at scale requires making it seamless for people to: interact with a variety of software platforms, get information from connected physical objects and software services, and communicate and collaborate with their peers. Toward this objective, this paper introduces and formalizes the concept of Social Participation Network, which captures the diverse participation relationships – between people, digital services and connected things – supporting participatory processes. The paper further presents the early design of an associated online service to support the creation and management of Social Participation Networks. The design advocates the instantiation of Social Participation Networks within distinct participation contexts—spanning, e.g., private institutions, neighbor communities, and governmental institutions—so that the participants’ information and contributions to participation remain isolated and private within the given context.


id: cord-025192-ujvnio3f
title: Spinoza: thoughts on hope in our political present
author: Gatens, Moira
date: 2020-05-25
txt: ./txt/cord-025192-ujvnio3f.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-025192-ujvnio3f.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7247436/
doi: 10.1057/s41296-020-00406-4
abstract: nan
summary:
  In the Theologico-Political Treatise, Spinoza offers an incisive account of how Moses used narrative, song, prayer, and law to bind the Hebrews, recently freed from slavery, into a unified affective community, now motivated by shared loves, fears, and hopes materialised through sanctioned images, enforced rituals, and socially authorised attachments. Each contribution here attempts to bring Spinoza''s account of hope to bear critically on our political present in a way that endeavours to enhance our collective powers of action and our shared capacities for joyful fellowship. For Susan James, the disempowering affects and lack of stable consensus, recently witnessed in political debates over Brexit, can be usefully addressed through a Spinozist framework that casts hope and fear in a mutually corrective and jointly empowering role. Hope and fear -about plagues, wars, and natural disasters -are not new, and remain the two most powerful drivers of our political behaviour, and the constructive institutional management of these passions is essential if governments are to provide safety and security.


id: cord-025278-6ttdtjvn
author: Rao, Pritika
date: 2020-05-27
txt: ./txt/cord-025278-6ttdtjvn.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-025278-6ttdtjvn.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7250586/
doi: 10.1007/s43253-020-00015-2
summary:
  In the face of large-scale global issues, that Lazaric (2020) refers to as "grand challenges," fraught with uncertainties and informational asymmetries, we delve deeper into the complexities of the factors that influence decision-making at various levels as we try to make sense of behavior. We wonder if reasons include the outright rejection of facts or perhaps the unwillingness to even receive information that has the potential adversely affect one''s welfare or self-interests—a tendency that Grossman and Van Der Weele (2017) term "willful ignorance." We conclude with a few lessons and recommendations that can help understand and motivate behavior. Grossman and Van Der Weele (2017) cite an important behavioral trait that they term "willful ignorance," or the act of "avoiding information about adverse welfare consequences of self-interested decisions"(p.1). Routines involve both cognitive and political dynamics that inform collective learning, just as habits also take knowledge, social, and institutional structure considerations into account (Lazaric 2000) .

title:
  Behavioral economics in the time of coronavirus: rebellion or “willful ignorance” in the face of “grand challenges”

abstract:
  This article considers the curious case of human behavior in the context of the coronavirus pandemic. We have observed that individuals, societies, and nations are exhibiting various irrationalities that are worth studying more closely. Applying the insights and research of reputed behavioral economists to these unprecedented circumstances, we explore possible explanations for individual and collective actions that appear, in many cases, to be highly counterintuitive. In the face of large-scale global issues, that Lazaric (2020) refers to as “grand challenges,” fraught with uncertainties and informational asymmetries, we delve deeper into the complexities of the factors that influence decision-making at various levels as we try to make sense of behavior. We wonder if reasons include the outright rejection of facts or perhaps the unwillingness to even receive information that has the potential adversely affect one’s welfare or self-interests—a tendency that Grossman and Van Der Weele (2017) term “willful ignorance.” We conclude with a few lessons and recommendations that can help understand and motivate behavior.


id: cord-025856-gc7hdqis
title: New Media and Youth Political Engagement
author: Chen, Peter John
date: 2020-06-02
txt: ./txt/cord-025856-gc7hdqis.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-025856-gc7hdqis.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7266648/
doi: 10.1007/s43151-020-00003-7
summary:
  First, that there is a well-established model of contemporary political mobilisation that employs both new media and large data analysis that can and have been effectively applied to young people in electoral and non-electoral contexts. As such, it is complementary to a study of youth participation in the political processes of evolved democracies, such as Australia, and the internet-based technologies that afford them access. Based on a survey of young people (16-29) in the USA, UK and Australia, and drawn from online panels, they argued that social media was positively related to increase political participation and produce a good regression analysis in support of this claim. Overall, social movement citizenship, or everyday making, presents challenges to an outcome-focused democratic analysis due to a tendency towards adhocracy, paradoxical disconnection and rapid demobilisation by political participants following their "hit-and-run" engagement. The networked young citizen: social media political participation and civic engagement The networked young citizen: social media political participation and civic engagement

abstract:
  This article critically examines the role new media can play in the political engagement of young people in Australia. Moving away from “deficit” descriptions, which assert low levels of political engagement among young people, it argues two major points. First, that there is a well-established model of contemporary political mobilisation that employs both new media and large data analysis that can and have been effectively applied to young people in electoral and non-electoral contexts. Second, that new media, and particularly social media, are not democratic by nature. Their general use and adoption by young and older people do not necessarily cultivate democratic values. This is primarily due to the type of participation afforded in the emerging “surveillance economy”. The article argues that a focus on scale as drivers of influence, the underlying foundation of their affordances based on algorithms, and the centralised editorial control of these platforms make them highly participative, but unequal sites for political socialisation and practice. Thus, recent examples of youth mobilisation, such as seen in recent climate justice movements, should be seen through the lens of cycles of contestation, rather than as technologically determined.


id: cord-026579-k3w8h961
author: Carr, Paul R.
date: 2020-06-10
txt: ./txt/cord-026579-k3w8h961.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-026579-k3w8h961.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7283988/
doi: 10.1007/s42438-020-00142-3
summary:
  I highlight three points related to democracy in this text, formulating the following central arguments: 1) Social media and, consequently, citizen engagement are becoming a significant filter that can potentially re-imagine the political, economic, and social worlds (outside of and beyond normative democracy), which increasingly bleed over to how we might develop and engage with ''democracy'' (Garrett 2019) ; to this end, the advent of ''fake news'' is a worthy subject to explore here because a functioning democracy, to a certain degree, is dependent on media/political literacy, critical engagement/participation, and the capacity to communicate, analyze, and disseminate nuanced perspectives, ideas, and information; I introduce a brief case study on the nefarious interpretation of the killing of Jamal Khashoggi in 2018 (BBC News 2019) to underscore the tension points in normative democracy; 2) Capitalism, or neoliberalism, needs to be more fully exposed, interrogated, and confronted if ''normative, representative, hegemonic, electoral democracy'' is to be re-considered, re-imagined, and re-invented (Lydon 2017) ; the perpetuation of social inequalities lays bare the frailty of normative democratic institutions; 3) Covid-19 has exposed the fault lines and fissures of normative democracy, illustrating here the ''common sense'' ways that power imbalances are sustained, which leaves little room for social solidarity (Human Rights Watch 2020); I present here a small case study of the economic and labor dynamic in Quebec during the coronavirus.

title:
  Shooting Yourself First in the Foot, then in the Head: Normative Democracy Is Suffocating, and then the Coronavirus Came to Light

abstract:
  This text starts with the premise that ‘normative democracy’ has rendered our societies vulnerable and burdened with unaddressed social inequalities. I highlight three central arguments: (1) Social media, and, consequently, citizen engagement are becoming a significant filter that can potentially re-imagine the political, economic, and social worlds, which increasingly bleed over to how we might develop and engage with ‘democracy’; to this end, I introduce a brief case study on the nefarious interpretation of the killing of Jamal Khashoggi in 2018 to underscore the tension points in normative democracy; (2) Capitalism, or neoliberalism, needs to be more fully exposed, interrogated, and confronted if ‘normative, representative, hegemonic, electoral democracy’ is to be re-considered, re-imagined, and re-invented; the perpetuation of social inequalities lays bare the frailty of normative democratic institutions; (3) Covid-19 has exposed the fault lines and fissures of normative democracy, illustrating here the ‘common sense’ ways that power imbalances are sustained, which leaves little room for social solidarity; I present herein the case of the economic/labor dynamic in Quebec during the coronavirus. Ultimately, I believe the quest to re-imagine a more meaningful, critically engaged democracy, especially during a context that is imbued with a political, economic, and public health crisis, cannot be delayed much longer.


id: cord-026596-1kr5vmtf
author: Baldwin, Cathy
date: 2020-06-10
txt: ./txt/cord-026596-1kr5vmtf.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-026596-1kr5vmtf.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7286207/
doi: 10.1007/s42413-020-00067-6
summary:
  Exploratory factor analysis revealed 11 factors that made conceptual sense including three social epidemiological pathways to well-being, networks, participation and pro-social behaviours, and four criteria for flourishing societies, autonomous citizenship, safety, cohesive communities and resilience. Validated scales offer potential benefits including: measuring NT preand -post project implementation; establishing which dimensions of NT are, and are not, working well in a community and need strengthening through further initiatives, and establishing which specific groups of people are experiencing lower levels of NT and designing projects that meet their needs. With the exception of one item (positive relationships), Huppert and So''s scale did not address social well-beingwell-being at the group or community level, i.e. how the individual responds to experiences of the social environment which can affect their health (Larson 1993; Keyes 1998) . These analyses, which included three household income categories, showed a significant trend with 9 of the 11 neighbourhood thriving scales: Collective Positive Effort, Celebration, Social Network Pathway, Optimism, Social Cohesion, Engagement Pathway, Safety, Autonomous Citizenship, and Low Resilience.

title:
  Measuring Well-Being: Trial of the Neighbourhood Thriving Scale for Social Well-Being Among Pro-Social Individuals

abstract:
  We report on a trial of the neighbourhood thriving framework (NTF), a conceptual framework from psychology and social science for measuring collective subjective social well-being. It combines the notions of feeling good and functioning effectively in a neighbourhood social environment in an indicator set of 15 conceptual dimensions. An online questionnaire was used to measure neighbourhood thriving (NT) among 212 pro-social volunteers involved in revitalising neighbourhoods in the UK city of Stoke-on-Trent between May and October 2018. Exploratory factor analysis revealed 11 factors that made conceptual sense including three social epidemiological pathways to well-being, networks, participation and pro-social behaviours, and four criteria for flourishing societies, autonomous citizenship, safety, cohesive communities and resilience. The 11 sub-scales of NT showed satisfactory internal consistency reliability and preliminary evidence of construct validity. The sub-scales were used tentatively to examine NT among the volunteer sample, which showed the highest sub-scale score for Positive Regard and the lowest score for Celebration. Different levels of NT were observed among the community, with age and income positively associated with higher levels of NT. Further validation work is needed before the NT scales can be used with confidence. Validated scales offer potential benefits including: measuring NT pre- and -post project implementation; establishing which dimensions of NT are, and are not, working well in a community and need strengthening through further initiatives, and establishing which specific groups of people are experiencing lower levels of NT and designing projects that meet their needs. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s42413-020-00067-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.


id: cord-026977-prrjscnd
title: Moral Challenges When Suspecting Abuse and Neglect in School Children: A Mixed Method Study
author: Forsner, M.
date: 2020-06-16
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7298689/
doi: 10.1007/s10560-020-00680-6
abstract:
  The World Health Organization (WHO), concludes that child maltreatment is a global concern calling for a multi sectoral interdisciplinary approach. School professionals, such as social workers, teachers, and health care professionals are in positions to discover and report maltreatment enabling social workers to intervene. However, a variety of reports reveal an evident gap between incidences and frequency of number of cases reported. A review of relevant research indicates that the problem of “not reporting” suggests that moral conflicts are activated in the process of decision-making. The aim was to gain a deeper understanding of school professionals’ experiences of reporting suspected neglect and abuse to the Social Welfare Board. In a mixed method approach 32 school professionals, such as teachers, social workers, nurses and psychologists participated in interviews and responded to questionnaires. Findings from the qualitative content analysis were compared to the quantitative analysis in a meta-analysis. Moral conflicts occur when faced with making decisions about how to best deal with a child’s situation. Thoughts about the child’s best interest and relationship with his/her parents as well as the informants´ own safety, were central. The comparative meta- analysis of both data sets revealed these conflicts commence with a moral sensitivity of possible negative consequences for the child. Moral sensitivity can be viewed as a “good” personal attribute, it paradoxically might lead to moral stress despite an open ethical climate. Based on the results of this study, further research on the interpersonal aspects of dealing with moral conflicts involved in reporting suspected child abuse is indicated.


id: cord-029728-fwzm6c61
author: Omorogiuwa, Tracy BE
date: 2020-07-23
txt: ./txt/cord-029728-fwzm6c61.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-029728-fwzm6c61.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7378316/
doi: 10.1177/0020872820941748
summary:
  title: COVID-19 and older adults in Africa: Social workers'' utilization of mass media in enforcing policy change This article canvasses for the utilization of the mass media in initiating policy response to the challenges of older adults throughout the continent. It is against this background that social workers must be at the vanguard of promoting policy change in the context of the challenges faced by older adults in Africa, through the instrumentality of the mass media. The coronavirus pandemic has restated the necessity of urgent policy response to older adults in Africa. Although the impact of the mass media in initiating policy change at both micro and macro levels is well noted, social workers, as agents of social change, have scantly deployed this channel to working with older adults in Africa.

title:
  COVID-19 and older adults in Africa: Social workers’ utilization of mass media in enforcing policy change

abstract:
  Dominating headlines in the last few months, global attention has been fixed on the coronavirus pandemic given its rampaging impact on social events and human affairs. More than any other groups, older adults have been disproportionately affected by the deadly contagion. This situation poses legitimate concerns to the social work profession, whose mandate is to liberate vulnerable people and promote social development. Although the COVID-19 pandemic has continued to take a devastating toll on older adults in the short-term, its long-term consequences may be far more profound unless urgent attention is directed to mitigate this situation. Given the promulgation of social distancing and shutdowns among a number of African countries, many social workers have found it increasingly difficult to address the difficulties faced by older adults. This article canvasses for the utilization of the mass media in initiating policy response to the challenges of older adults throughout the continent.


id: cord-031068-0k5lw6i1
title: Editorial: Unprecedented Times? Social Work and Society post-COVID-19
author: Golightley, Malcolm
date: 2020-08-05
txt: ./txt/cord-031068-0k5lw6i1.txt
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mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7454413/
doi: 10.1093/bjsw/bcaa110
abstract: nan
summary:
  Although all articles published in the BJSW are, of course, evidence of social work research, the five grouped together at the start of this issue show some of the new directions being taken as well as providing evidence of the growing strength of the social work research community at all levels. The critical effect of the work environment is emphasised by Astvik, Welander and Larsson, who also looked at worker retention in another longitudinal study, this time of Swedish social services. Tudor used a positive critique to examine the practice accounts of school social workers, putting them alongside the main features of recovery policies which provide for individual assistance for vulnerable groups who are unlikely to access community self-help initiatives. This final group of articles all provide examples of research directly informing social work practise in different ways.


id: cord-031482-atltc10d
title: Human–Animal Relationships and Social Work: Opportunities Beyond the Veterinary Environment
author: Arkow, Phil
date: 2020-09-05
txt: ./txt/cord-031482-atltc10d.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-031482-atltc10d.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7474507/
doi: 10.1007/s10560-020-00697-x
summary:
  These venues include: agencies working in child protection and child sexual abuse; children''s advocacy centers and courthouse facility dogs; animal shelters; domestic violence shelters; public policy advocacy; clinical practice; agencies working with older and disabled populations; veterinary sentinels for intimate partner violence; and pet support services for homeless populations. Other untapped social work opportunities in animal shelters might include: strengthening collaborations with domestic violence shelters and mobile meals programs; directing and expanding pet visitation programs for long-term care facilities and animal-assisted interventions for at-risk populations; developing pet loss grief support groups; developing safety net supportive programming for individuals who experience a medical, economic or housing crisis that temporarily makes it difficult to keep an animal; defusing contentious confrontations with shelter clients; resolving customers'' complaints and needs for services; and connecting pet owners with community resources, such as low-cost pet and veterinary services, animal behavioral counselors, pet food banks, and social services agencies.

abstract:
  A species-spanning approach that incorporates clients’ relationships with their companion animals into family genograms, schools of social work curricula, continuing education, interviews, assessments, and interventions offers increased career opportunities, professional and personal growth and development, and a more comprehensive resolution of clients’ issues, social justice concerns, and the prevention of family violence. This article identifies six reasons why social workers should be cognizant of human–animal relationships and introduces nine ways, with action steps, in which social workers can include these relationships into training and practice outside the more developed field of veterinary social work. These venues include: agencies working in child protection and child sexual abuse; children’s advocacy centers and courthouse facility dogs; animal shelters; domestic violence shelters; public policy advocacy; clinical practice; agencies working with older and disabled populations; veterinary sentinels for intimate partner violence; and pet support services for homeless populations. Such attention to the human–animal bond can utilize social workers’ problem-solving skills to improve delivery of services, identify clients’ risk and resiliency factors, enhance social and environmental justice, expand academic inquiry, and increase attention to all of the vulnerable members of families and communities.


id: cord-032269-zhk5fyfc
title: Social protection response to the COVID-19 crisis: options for developing countries
author: Gerard, François
date: 2020-08-29
txt: ./txt/cord-032269-zhk5fyfc.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-032269-zhk5fyfc.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7499734/
doi: 10.1093/oxrep/graa026
summary:
  These strategies could include expanding their social insurance system, building on existing social assistance programmes, and involving local governments and non-state institutions to identify and assist vulnerable groups who are otherwise harder to reach. Moreover, setting up a new job retention scheme might be logistically easier than setting up an unemployment insurance programme, as governments could use firms as intermediaries to channel the income support to their workers. Social insurance programmes will fail to reach a large share of households in developing countries, in particular those mostly active in the informal sector of the economy. A comprehensive social protection response could involve local governments and a range of non-state actors to collect better information on these unmet needs and to deliver targeted assistance. Government responses based on social insurance programmes may reach many formal employees and registered self-employed (although coarsely), but will miss the informal sector, which is an important part of developing countries'' workforce.

abstract:
  The public health response to COVID-19 in many countries has involved strict restrictions on movement and economic activity which threaten the livelihoods of economically vulnerable households. In response, governments are adopting emergency economic measures to provide households with some safety net. We provide an overview of the policies that could form a comprehensive social protection strategy in low-income and middle-income countries, with examples of specific policies that have been adopted. Our core argument is that these countries can cast an emergency safety net with extensive coverage if they use a broader patchwork of solutions than higher-income countries. These strategies could include expanding their social insurance system, building on existing social assistance programmes, and involving local governments and non-state institutions to identify and assist vulnerable groups who are otherwise harder to reach.


id: cord-033287-24zkbi3z
title: Combatting Against Covid-19 & Misinformation: A Systematic Review
author: Ali, Sana
date: 2020-10-07
txt: ./txt/cord-033287-24zkbi3z.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-033287-24zkbi3z.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7538536/
doi: 10.1007/s42087-020-00139-1
summary:
  Although increased access to digital media platforms facilitated exponential access to information during the current pandemic, several fabricated stories are shared without quality checking and background (Pan American Healthcare Organization, 2020). As the World Health Organization warned about misinformation due to an independent media usage, today, people are finding it hard to search for a reliable source of information, hindering the response efforts causing severe damage to the struggle for mitigating the outbreak (Article 19 2020). An explicit example can be seen during the Covid-19 pandemic, where different media platforms are found disseminating the myths and false information (Article 19 2020). Furthermore, false information about Covid-19 is not a new phenomenon as many academics, researchers, journalists, and policymakers approached World Health Organization and emphasized that this would cause serious risk to public mental and physical health (Brennen et al. Impact of Rumors or Misinformation on Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Social Media

abstract:
  Accompanied by false information, mass media content is hindering efforts to cope with the current outbreak. Although the World Health Organization and other concerned bodies are notified regarding misinformation, myths and rumors are highly prevalent. This paper aims to highlight the misinformation and its potential impacts during the Covid-19 by using the Systematic Review Approach. The researcher randomly selected n = 35 research articles published from 2015 to 2020, witnessing the misinformation as a major concern during previous endemics and the current Covid-19 pandemic. Myths and rumors through traditional and new media platforms cause Xenophobia, LGBT Rights violations, and psychological disorders among the masses. Despite the efforts made by the World Health Organization, much more is required to nullify the impacts of misinformation and Covid-19. Therefore, the researcher recommended improved global healthcare policies and strategies to counteract against misinformation to mitigate the impacts of Covid-19.


id: cord-033481-3kxi7fd9
title: Religion in the Age of Social Distancing: How COVID-19 Presents New Directions for Research
author: Baker, Joseph O
date: 2020-09-16
txt: ./txt/cord-033481-3kxi7fd9.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-033481-3kxi7fd9.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7543648/
doi: 10.1093/socrel/sraa039
summary:
  In this brief note written during a global pandemic, we consider some of the important ways this historical moment is altering the religious landscape, aiming our investigative lens at how religious institutions, congregations, and individuals are affected by the social changes produced by COVID-19. The centrality of intensive interactive rituals for producing the communal benefits of religion (e.g., social support, emotional catharsis, perceived healing) ensures that there will be persistent tension between many religious groups'' desire for in-person gatherings and the social distancing requirements necessary to limit the spread of COVID-19. Thinking about religion as the object of analysis and its role in disease transmission, a clear and consequential way that the pandemic has changed religion is the suspension of in-person religious gatherings, and the corresponding need to engage in "socially distanced" forms of interactive religious services and rituals.

abstract:
  In this brief note written during a global pandemic, we consider some of the important ways this historical moment is altering the religious landscape, aiming our investigative lens at how religious institutions, congregations, and individuals are affected by the social changes produced by COVID-19. This unprecedented time prompts scholars of religion to reflect on how to strategically approach the study of religion in the time of “social distancing,” as well as moving forward. Particularly important considerations include developing heuristic, innovative approaches for revealing ongoing changes to religion, as well as how religion continues to structure social life across a wide range of contexts, from the most intimate and personal to the most public and global. Although our note can only be indicative rather than exhaustive, we do suggest that the initial groundwork for reconsiderations might productively focus on several key analytical themes, including: Epidemiology, Ideology, Religious Practice, Religious Organizations and Institutions, as well as Epistemology and Methodology. In offering these considerations as a starting point, we remain aware (and hopeful) that inventive and unanticipated approaches will also emerge.


id: cord-034437-lore5krk
author: de Kervenoael, Ronan
date: 2020-10-30
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7597422/
doi: 10.1057/s41291-020-00141-z
title:
  Business-to-business and self-governance practice in the digital knowledge economy: learning from pharmaceutical e-detailing in Thailand

abstract:
  This study investigates self-governance within business-to-business (B2B) in the digital knowledge economy. To do so, we elicit the engagement of healthcare professionals (HCPs) and medical science liaisons (MSLs) with “for-profit social media technology” (FPSMT) in e-detailing. Using data from 23 in-depth interviews with HCPs (physicians and pharmacists) and MSLs in Thailand, we show that e-detailing fosters self-governance as a practice. The data identify how FPSMT, as privatized social media managed by large firms, represents a tool for self-governance that is articulated by expert professionals along three cognitive frames: aspiration, regulation, and responsibilisation. Through FPSMT, professionals in highly regulated B2B ecosystems engage in self-governance practice to develop pooled views that are influenced by personal and collective rules. The perspective on self-governance as a practice that is offered allows to understand how B2B network governance rely on professionals’ engagement to foster aspirations for the collective agenda, beyond the narrow pursuit of sales’ objectives.


id: cord-034438-9kdmljoq
author: Sepúlveda-Loyola, W.
date: 2020-09-25
txt: ./txt/cord-034438-9kdmljoq.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-034438-9kdmljoq.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7597423/
doi: 10.1007/s12603-020-1500-7
summary:
  title: Impact of Social Isolation Due to COVID-19 on Health in Older People: Mental and Physical Effects and Recommendations OBJECTIVES: To review the impact of social isolation during COVID-19 pandemic on mental and physical health of older people and the recommendations for patients, caregivers and health professionals. MEASUREMENTS: Articles since 2019 to 2020 published on Pubmed, Scielo and Google Scholar databases with the following MeSh terms (''COVID-19'', ''coronavirus'', ''aging'', ''older people'', ''elderly'', ''social isolation'' and ''quarantine'') in English, Spanish or Portuguese were included. Thus, the decreasing of social interaction produced by social distancing could have a negative impact on mental and physical health in older people (22) (23) (24) , since it has limited the social participation in community organizations and in family activities (23, 25) . Hence, the aim of this review is to analyse the potential effects of social isolation caused by COVID-19 pandemic on mental and physical health in older adults.

title:
  Impact of Social Isolation Due to COVID-19 on Health in Older People: Mental and Physical Effects and Recommendations

abstract:
  OBJECTIVES: To review the impact of social isolation during COVID-19 pandemic on mental and physical health of older people and the recommendations for patients, caregivers and health professionals. DESIGN: Narrative review. SETTING: Non-institutionalized community-living people. PARTICIPANTS: 20.069 individuals from ten descriptive cross-sectional papers. MEASUREMENTS: Articles since 2019 to 2020 published on Pubmed, Scielo and Google Scholar databases with the following MeSh terms (‘COVID-19’, ‘coronavirus’, ‘aging’, ‘older people’, ‘elderly’, ‘social isolation’ and ‘quarantine’) in English, Spanish or Portuguese were included. The studies not including people over 60 were excluded. Guidelines, recommendations, and update documents from different international organizations related to mental and physical activity were also analysed. RESULTS: 41 documents have been included in this narrative review, involving a total of 20.069 individuals (58% women), from Asia, Europe and America. 31 articles included recommendations and 10 addressed the impact of social distancing on mental or physical health. The main outcomes reported were anxiety, depression, poor sleep quality and physical inactivity during the isolation period. Cognitive strategies and increasing physical activity levels using apps, online videos, telehealth, are the main international recommendations. CONCLUSION: Mental and physical health in older people are negatively affected during the social distancing for COVID-19. Therefore, a multicomponent program with exercise and psychological strategies are highly recommended for this population during the confinement. Future investigations are necessary in this field.


id: cord-034973-1yucjgp5
author: Burgason, Kyle A.
date: 2020-11-09
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7649057/
doi: 10.1007/s43545-020-00005-5
title:
  Using Loseke to examine the influence of laws, myths, and claims making on sex offenders’ socially constructed realities

abstract:
  The realities surrounding sex offenders in the United States can often times be inundated with preconceived and even false certainties. A consequence of such misleading beliefs for sex offenders can be the creation of urban legends and myths that motivated individuals can use to back an agenda and that can bring unintended collateral damage creating false realities for offenders, their families, law enforcement, and the community. This study utilizes Loseke’s lens to examine the socially constructed realities in which sex offenders in the United States are forced to live. The history of the treatment of sex offenders is detailed from colonial America through child sexual abuse panic of the 1980s and into the current cyber age. We review laws passed in the 1990s, through the first part of the new millennium, which fueled individuals’ fear of sex offenders. Additionally, we explore how claims-makers use myths and socially constructed realities to create social problems for sex offenders, generate public fear and resentment, and pressure policy makers and legislatures to pass laws that promise false hope and false security to communities. Finally, myths associated with cyber sexual offenders are explored. Solutions to combat myths are offered to legitimize the true reality surrounding sex offenders.


id: cord-035133-znbqpwgu
title: Health Workers on the Frontline Struggle for Health as a Social Common
author: Aye, Baba
date: 2020-11-10
txt: ./txt/cord-035133-znbqpwgu.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-035133-znbqpwgu.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7653442/
doi: 10.1057/s41301-020-00271-z
summary:
  ''Since the 1970s, neoliberal health and social welfare policies around the world shifted resources from the public to the private sector''. An increasing number of workers delivering health and social care in public health systems became fixedterm contract staff. There is a pressing need to go beyond the limited and feeble demonstrations of government''s turn to seeming consideration of health as a social common, and only so during emergencies like the COVID-19 pandemic. Public Services International, the global trade union federation which brings together thirty million workers across the world, about half of which are in the health and social sector has called for ''rapid changes in policies….that put people and planet over profit''. Privatization and Pandemic: A Cross-Country Analysis of COVID-19 Rates and Health-Care Financing Structures

abstract:
  Through the lens of health workers’ concerns, the article interrogates the impact of the neoliberal turn of the 1980s on the loss of the ideal and pursuit of health as a social common. It highlights the Great Recession as a confirmation of the failure of the neoliberal project but notes that this the project continues with even greater frenzy. Capturing the dynamics which inhibit the World Health Organization, it calls for mass mobilization to reclaim health as a social common.


id: cord-102891-0z397ppn
author: Wren, Brandi
date: 2020-10-07
txt: ./txt/cord-102891-0z397ppn.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-102891-0z397ppn.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.07.329409
doi: 10.1101/2020.10.07.329409
summary:
  title: Social contact behaviors are associated with infection status for whipworm (Trichuris sp.) in wild vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) We examined whether time spent grooming with others in a highly social mammal species was associated with infection status for gastrointestinal parasites. Of six parasites detected, one (Trichuris sp.) was associated with social grooming behaviors, but more specifically with direct physical contact with others. This decrease in time spent grooming and interacting with others is likely a sickness behavior displayed by individuals with less energy or motivation for non-essential behaviors. We chose Chlorocebus pygerythrus as the study species because individuals 171 exhibit variation in grooming behaviors [56] , allowing us to examine differences in the 172 relationship between social behaviors and parasite infection status. is associated 469 with behavioral differences, specifically decreased time spent grooming others and time 470 spent in direct contact with others, in vervet monkey hosts.

title:
  Social contact behaviors are associated with infection status for whipworm (Trichuris sp.) in wild vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus)

abstract:
  Social grooming in the animal kingdom is common and serves several functions, from removing ectoparasites to maintaining social bonds between conspecifics. We examined whether time spent grooming with others in a highly social mammal species was associated with infection status for gastrointestinal parasites. Of six parasites detected, one (Trichuris sp.) was associated with social grooming behaviors, but more specifically with direct physical contact with others. Individuals infected with Trichuris sp. spent significantly less time grooming conspecifics than those not infected, and time in direct contact with others was the major predictor of infection status. One model correctly predicted infection status for Trichuris sp. with a reliability of 95.17% overall when the variables used were time spent in direct contact and time spent grooming others. This decrease in time spent grooming and interacting with others is likely a sickness behavior displayed by individuals with less energy or motivation for non-essential behaviors. This study highlights the need for an understanding of a study population’s parasitic infections when attempting to interpret animal behavior.


id: cord-103080-tzu61nbg
author: Crowe, C. L.
date: 2020-07-11
txt: ./txt/cord-103080-tzu61nbg.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-103080-tzu61nbg.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.10.20147488v1?rss=1
doi: 10.1101/2020.07.10.20147488
summary:
  We followed N=11,305 US Health and Retirement Study (HRS) participants aged 50-95 from 2006-2014 to measure persistence of exposure to loneliness and social isolation. Studies with measures of loneliness and social isolation at multiple time points can compare healthy aging outcomes among those whose symptoms persist as to those with intermittent exposure. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.10.20147488 doi: medRxiv preprint chronic disease morbidity and disability collected through 2016, and a measurement of biological aging implemented in data from the 2016 Venous Blood Study. We tested how older adults'' experiences of loneliness and social isolation were related to deficits in healthy aging using longitudinal, repeated measures data from the HRS. Panel B shows effect-sizes for analysis of disability and chronic disease (incidence rate ratios (IRR)) from negative binomial regression models including covariate adjustment for age, age-squared, sex, age-sex interactions, race/ethnicity, and a dummy variable coding whether participants were assigned to the subsample of the HRS which first measured loneliness and social isolation in 2006 or 2008.

title:
  Associations of Loneliness and Social Isolation with Healthspan and Lifespan in the US Health and Retirement Study

abstract:
  Background. Loneliness and social isolation are emerging public health challenges for aging populations. Methods. We followed N=11,305 US Health and Retirement Study (HRS) participants aged 50-95 from 2006-2014 to measure persistence of exposure to loneliness and social isolation. We tested associations of longitudinal loneliness and social-isolation phenotypes with disability, morbidity, mortality, and biological aging through 2018. Results. During follow-up, 18% of older adults met criteria for loneliness and, for 6%, symptoms persisted across two or more follow-up assessments. For social isolation, these fractions were 21% and 8%. HRS participants who experienced loneliness and social isolation were at increased risk for disease, disability, and mortality. Older adults experiencing persistent loneliness were at a 59% increased hazard of mortality compared to those who were never lonely. For social isolation, the increase was 28%. Effect-sizes were somewhat larger for counts of prevalent activity limitations and somewhat smaller for counts of prevalent chronic diseases. Covariate adjustment for socioeconomic and psychological risks attenuated but did not fully explain associations. Older adults who experienced loneliness and social isolation also exhibited physiological indications of advanced biological aging (Cohen's-d for persistent loneliness and social isolation=0.26 and 0.21, respectively). For loneliness, but not social isolation, persistence of symptoms was associated with increased risk. Conclusion. Deficits in social connectedness prevalent in a national sample of older adults in the US were associated with morbidity, disability, and mortality and with more advanced biological aging. Bolstering social connection to interrupt experiences of loneliness may promote healthy aging.


id: cord-126132-5k415xvj
author: Swain, V. Das
date: 2020-05-22
url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.11228v1.pdf
doi: nan
title:
  Leveraging WiFi Network Logs to Infer Social Interactions: A Case Study of Academic Performance and Student Behavior

abstract:
  On university campuses, social interactions among students can explain their academic experiences. However, assessing these interactions with surveys fails to capture their dynamic nature. While these behaviors can be captured with client-based passive sensing, these techniques are limited in scalability. By contrast, infrastructure-based approaches can scale to a large cohort and infer social interactions based on collocation of students. This paper investigates one such approach by leveraging WiFi association logs archived by a managed campus network. In their raw form, access point logs can approximate a student's location but with low spatio-temporal resolution. This paper first demonstrates that processing these logs can infer the collocation of 46 students in 34 lectures over 3 months, with a precision of 0.89 and a recall of 0.75. Next, we investigate how this WiFi-based coarse collocation reflects signals of social interaction. With 163 students in 54 project groups, we find that member performance shows a correlation of 0.75 with performance determined from collocation of groups through 14 weeks. Additionally, this paper presents preliminary insights for other campus-centric applications of automatically inferred social interactions. Finally, this paper discusses how repurposing archival WiFi logs can facilitate applications for other domains like mental wellbeing and physical health.


id: cord-140624-lphr5prl
author: Grundel, Sara
date: 2020-11-02
txt: ./txt/cord-140624-lphr5prl.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-140624-lphr5prl.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2011.01282v1.pdf
doi: nan
summary:
  To this end, we develop a compartmental model that accounts for key aspects of the disease: 1) incubation time, 2) age-dependent symptom severity, and 3) testing and hospitalization delays; the model''s parameters are chosen based on medical evidence, and, for concreteness, adapted to the German situation. Then, optimal mass-testing and age-dependent social-distancing policies are determined by solving optimal control problems both in open loop and within a model predictive control framework. We address the above questions by proposing a novel compartmental model and using optimal control as well as MPC to compute open and closed-loop social distancing and testing strategies. The model contains three age groups, and it accounts for several of the key challenging characteristics of COVID-19, i.e. 1) the incubation time, 2) different levels of symptom severity depending on age, 3) delay of testing results (and the following self-isolation), and 4) delay of hospitalization.

title:
  How much testing and social distancing is required to control COVID-19? Some insight based on an age-differentiated compartmental model

abstract:
  In this paper, we provide insights on how much testing and social distancing is required to control COVID-19. To this end, we develop a compartmental model that accounts for key aspects of the disease: 1) incubation time, 2) age-dependent symptom severity, and 3) testing and hospitalization delays; the model's parameters are chosen based on medical evidence, and, for concreteness, adapted to the German situation. Then, optimal mass-testing and age-dependent social-distancing policies are determined by solving optimal control problems both in open loop and within a model predictive control framework. We aim to minimize testing and/or social distancing until herd immunity sets in under a constraint on the number of available intensive care units. We find that an early and short lockdown is inevitable but can be slowly relaxed over the following months.


id: cord-146850-5x6qs2i4
title: The State of AI Ethics Report (June 2020)
author: Gupta, Abhishek
date: 2020-06-25
txt: ./txt/cord-146850-5x6qs2i4.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-146850-5x6qs2i4.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.14662v1.pdf
doi: nan
summary:
  Another point brought up in the article is that social media companies might themselves be unwilling to tolerate scraping of their users'' data to do this sort of vetting which against their terms of use for access to the APIs. Borrowing from the credit reporting world, the Fair Credit Reporting Act in the US offers some insights when it mentions that people need to be provided with a recourse to correct information that is used about them in making a decision and that due consent needs to be obtained prior to utilizing such tools to do a background check. Given that AI systems operate in a larger socio-technical ecosystem, we need to tap into fields like law and policy making to come up with effective ways of integrating ethics into AI systems, part of which can involve creating binding legal agreements that tie in with economic incentives.While policy making and law are often seen as slow to adapt to fast changing technology, there are a variety of benefits to be had, for example higher customer trust for services that have adherence to stringent regulations regarding privacy and data protection.

abstract:
  These past few months have been especially challenging, and the deployment of technology in ways hitherto untested at an unrivalled pace has left the internet and technology watchers aghast. Artificial intelligence has become the byword for technological progress and is being used in everything from helping us combat the COVID-19 pandemic to nudging our attention in different directions as we all spend increasingly larger amounts of time online. It has never been more important that we keep a sharp eye out on the development of this field and how it is shaping our society and interactions with each other. With this inaugural edition of the State of AI Ethics we hope to bring forward the most important developments that caught our attention at the Montreal AI Ethics Institute this past quarter. Our goal is to help you navigate this ever-evolving field swiftly and allow you and your organization to make informed decisions. This pulse-check for the state of discourse, research, and development is geared towards researchers and practitioners alike who are making decisions on behalf of their organizations in considering the societal impacts of AI-enabled solutions. We cover a wide set of areas in this report spanning Agency and Responsibility, Security and Risk, Disinformation, Jobs and Labor, the Future of AI Ethics, and more. Our staff has worked tirelessly over the past quarter surfacing signal from the noise so that you are equipped with the right tools and knowledge to confidently tread this complex yet consequential domain.


id: cord-156291-vnc1iay1
title: COVID-19 and the Social Distancing Paradox: dangers and solutions
author: Marchiori, Massimo
date: 2020-05-26
txt: ./txt/cord-156291-vnc1iay1.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-156291-vnc1iay1.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.12446v1.pdf
doi: nan
summary:
  For the first time, we collect real data on social distancing in a pandemic situation, analyze the actual shape of social distancing as performed by people, identify a paradoxical default behavior of social distancing that can explain the dangerous spread of COVID-19, and provide corresponding functional actions that can be taken to help against this and future pandemics. The last two cases allow to verify whether goggles for eye protection (equipment not actually included in recommended public guidelines) further changes common social distancing behavior during a pandemic. The situation is in all similar to the masked case: the distribution is again skewed in the same asymmetrical way, with people distancing beyond the sidewalk max width. Wearing a mask instead triggers this sort of repulsive effect, "pushing farther" people and the skew of the distribution, changing their common behavior so to gain social distance (even by stepping out of sidewalks).

abstract:
  Background: Without proven effect treatments and vaccines, Social Distancing is the key protection factor against COVID-19. Social distancing alone should have been enough to protect again the virus, yet things have gone very differently, with a big mismatch between theory and practice. What are the reasons? A big problem is that there is no actual social distancing data, and the corresponding people behavior in a pandemic is unknown. We collect the world-first dataset on social distancing during the COVID-19 outbreak, so to see for the first time how people really implement social distancing, identify dangers of the current situation, and find solutions against this and future pandemics. Methods: Using a sensor-based social distancing belt we collected social distance data from people in Italy for over two months during the most critical COVID-19 outbreak. Additionally, we investigated if and how wearing various Personal Protection Equipment, like masks, influences social distancing. Results: Without masks, people adopt a counter-intuitively dangerous strategy, a paradox that could explain the relative lack of effectiveness of social distancing. Using masks radically changes the situation, breaking the paradoxical behavior and leading to a safe social distance behavior. In shortage of masks, DIY (Do It Yourself) masks can also be used: even without filtering protection, they provide social distancing protection. Goggles should be recommended for general use, as they give an extra powerful safety boost. Generic Public Health policies and media campaigns do not work well on social distancing: explicit focus on the behavioral problems of necessary mobility are needed.


id: cord-162326-z7ta3pp9
title: AMUSED: An Annotation Framework of Multi-modal Social Media Data
author: Shahi, Gautam Kishore
date: 2020-10-01
url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.00502v1.pdf
doi: nan
abstract:
  In this paper, we present a semi-automated framework called AMUSED for gathering multi-modal annotated data from the multiple social media platforms. The framework is designed to mitigate the issues of collecting and annotating social media data by cohesively combining machine and human in the data collection process. From a given list of the articles from professional news media or blog, AMUSED detects links to the social media posts from news articles and then downloads contents of the same post from the respective social media platform to gather details about that specific post. The framework is capable of fetching the annotated data from multiple platforms like Twitter, YouTube, Reddit. The framework aims to reduce the workload and problems behind the data annotation from the social media platforms. AMUSED can be applied in multiple application domains, as a use case, we have implemented the framework for collecting COVID-19 misinformation data from different social media platforms.


id: cord-164718-f6rx4h3r
author: Wellenius, Gregory A.
date: 2020-04-21
txt: ./txt/cord-164718-f6rx4h3r.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-164718-f6rx4h3r.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.10172v2.pdf
doi: nan
summary:
  In summary, using anonymized, aggregated, and differentially private data from Google users who opted in to Location History, we found that state-mandated social distancing orders were effective in decreasing time spent away from places of residence, as well as reducing visits to work, and visits to both grocery stores/pharmacies and retail/recreational locations. Our overall approach was to use regression discontinuity using each county''s recent past as its own control to assess the impact of state declarations of emergency and targeted social distancing policies on the relative changes in the average time spent away from places of residence, the number of visits to work, and the number of visits to: 1) grocery stores and pharmacies, 2) retail stores, recreational sites, and eateries, 3) transit stops, and 4) parks.

title:
  Impacts of State-Level Policies on Social Distancing in the United States Using Aggregated Mobility Data during the COVID-19 Pandemic

abstract:
  Social distancing has emerged as the primary mitigation strategy to combat the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. However, large-scale evaluation of the public's response to social distancing campaigns has been lacking. We used anonymized and aggregated mobility data from Google Location History users to estimate the impact of social distancing recommendations on bulk mobility among users who have opted into this service. We found that state-of-emergency declarations resulted in approximately a 10% reduction in time spent away from places of residence. Implementation of one or more social distancing policies resulted in an additional 25% reduction in mobility the following week. Subsequent shelter-in-place mandates provided an additional 29% reduction. Our findings provide evidence that state-wide mandates are effective in promoting social distancing within this study group.


id: cord-194404-q9ne5i2y
title: Forecasting for Social Good
author: Rostami-Tabar, Bahman
date: 2020-09-24
txt: ./txt/cord-194404-q9ne5i2y.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-194404-q9ne5i2y.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.11669v1.pdf
doi: nan
summary:
  We present some key attributes that qualify a forecasting process as FSG: it is concerned with a real problem, it is focused on advancing social and environmental goals and prioritises these over conventional measures of economic success, and it has a broad societal impact. While there is a growing recognition by agencies, organisations, and governments that data-driven decision-making tools, such as forecasting models, may offer significant improvements to society (Iyer and Power, 2014) , there is not a cohesive body of research that offers guidance towards the conceptualisation, implementation and evaluation of forecasting models for social good in practice. FSG is a forecasting process that aims to inform decisions that prioritise thriving of humanity over thriving of economies by enhancing the social foundation and ecological ceilings that impact public as a whole at both local and global levels.

abstract:
  Forecasting plays a critical role in the development of organisational business strategies. Despite a considerable body of research in the area of forecasting, the focus has largely been on the financial and economic outcomes of the forecasting process as opposed to societal benefits. Our motivation in this study is to promote the latter, with a view to using the forecasting process to advance social and environmental objectives such as equality, social justice and sustainability. We refer to such forecasting practices as Forecasting for Social Good (FSG) where the benefits to society and the environment take precedence over economic and financial outcomes. We conceptualise FSG and discuss its scope and boundaries in the context of the"Doughnut theory". We present some key attributes that qualify a forecasting process as FSG: it is concerned with a real problem, it is focused on advancing social and environmental goals and prioritises these over conventional measures of economic success, and it has a broad societal impact. We also position FSG in the wider literature on forecasting and social good practices. We propose an FSG maturity framework as the means to engage academics and practitioners with research in this area. Finally, we highlight that FSG: (i) cannot be distilled to a prescriptive set of guidelines, (ii) is scalable, and (iii) has the potential to make significant contributions to advancing social objectives.


id: cord-194766-binlxvvc
title: Social capital may mediate the relationship between social distance and COVID-19 prevalence
author: Kokubun, Keisuke
date: 2020-07-20
txt: ./txt/cord-194766-binlxvvc.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-194766-binlxvvc.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.09939v2.pdf
doi: nan
summary:
  In connection with the coronal disaster this time, studies that analyzed GPS information in the United States showed that residents in counties with high social capital were more cooperative in going out regulations (Borgonovi & Andrieu, 2020) and reduced the increase of coronavirus infection (Varshney & Socher, 2020) . However, to the best of my knowledge, no studies have shown that even if the effects of population density (social distance) are removed, there is a negative correlation between high social capital and coronavirus infection rates. The results in this paper show that the negative correlation between social capital and infection rates is still statistically significant in controlling population density. Besides, controlling the relationship between variables by mean age showed that social capital had a greater correlation with infection rate than population density. Besides, controlling the relationship between variables by mean age showed that social capital had a greater correlation with infection rate than population density.

abstract:
  The threat of the new coronavirus (COVID-19) is increasing. Regarding the difference in the infection rate observed in each region, in addition to studies seeking the cause due to differences in the social distance (population density), there is an increasing trend toward studies seeking the cause due to differences in social capital. However, studies have not yet been conducted on whether social capital could influence the infection rate even if it controls the effect of population density. Therefore, in this paper, we analyzed the relationship between infection rate, population density, and social capital using statistical data for each prefecture. Statistical analysis showed that social capital not only correlates with infection rates and population densities but still has a negative correlation with infection rates controlling for the effects of population density. Besides, controlling the relationship between variables by mean age showed that social capital had a greater correlation with infection rate than population density. In other words, social capital mediates the correlation between population density and infection rates. This means that social distance alone is not enough to deter coronavirus infection, and social capital needs to be recharged.


id: cord-207242-hb1r2aw7
title: Observed mobility behavior data reveal social distancing inertia
author: Ghader, Sepehr
date: 2020-04-30
txt: ./txt/cord-207242-hb1r2aw7.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-207242-hb1r2aw7.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.14748v1.pdf
doi: nan
summary:
  The study revealed that statistics related to social distancing, namely trip rate, miles traveled per person, and percentage of population staying at home have all showed an unexpected trend, which we named social distancing inertia. We used daily feeds of mobile device location data, representing movements of more than 100 Million anonymized devices, integrated with COVID-19 case data from John Hopkins University and census population data to monitor the mobility trends in United States and study social distancing behavior 1 . The trends showed that all measures related to social distancing saturated and stopped improving, revealing a phenomenon we name "Social Distancing Inertia." For instance, as observed in Figure 2 the percentage of people staying home nationwide rapidly increased from 20% to 35% at the onset of COVID-19 and then has stagnated at 35% for three weeks as of April 10.

abstract:
  The research team has utilized an integrated dataset, consisting of anonymized location data, COVID-19 case data, and census population information, to study the impact of COVID-19 on human mobility. The study revealed that statistics related to social distancing, namely trip rate, miles traveled per person, and percentage of population staying at home have all showed an unexpected trend, which we named social distancing inertia. The trends showed that as soon as COVID-19 cases were observed, the statistics started improving, regardless of government actions. This suggests that a portion of population who could and were willing to practice social distancing voluntarily and naturally reacted to the emergence of COVID-19 cases. However, after about two weeks, the statistics saturated and stopped improving, despite the continuous rise in COVID-19 cases. The study suggests that there is a natural behavior inertia toward social distancing, which puts a limit on the extent of improvement in the social-distancing-related statistics. The national data showed that the inertia phenomenon is universal, happening in all the U.S. states and for all the studied statistics. The U.S. states showed a synchronized trend, regardless of the timeline of their statewide COVID-19 case spreads or government orders.


id: cord-212813-yrca1hij
title: Social tipping processes for sustainability: An analytical framework
author: Winkelmann, Ricarda
date: 2020-10-09
url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.04488v1.pdf
doi: nan
abstract:
  Societal transformations are necessary to address critical global challenges, such as mitigation of anthropogenic climate change and reaching UN sustainable development goals. Recently, social tipping processes have received increased attention, as they present a form of social change whereby a small change can shift a sensitive social system into a qualitatively different state due to strongly self-amplifying (mathematically positive) feedback mechanisms. Social tipping processes have been suggested as key drivers of sustainability transitions emerging in the fields of technological and energy systems, political mobilization, financial markets and sociocultural norms and behaviors. Drawing from expert elicitation and comprehensive literature review, we develop a framework to identify and characterize social tipping processes critical to facilitating rapid social transformations. We find that social tipping processes are distinguishable from those of already more widely studied climate and ecological tipping dynamics. In particular, we identify human agency, social-institutional network structures, different spatial and temporal scales and increased complexity as key distinctive features underlying social tipping processes. Building on these characteristics, we propose a formal definition for social tipping processes and filtering criteria for those processes that could be decisive for future trajectories to global sustainability in the Anthropocene. We illustrate this definition with the European political system as an example of potential social tipping processes, highlighting the potential role of the FridaysForFuture movement. Accordingly, this analytical framework for social tipping processes can be utilized to illuminate mechanisms for necessary transformative climate change mitigation policies and actions.


id: cord-252344-5a0sriq9
title: Understanding public perception of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) social distancing on Twitter
author: Saleh, Sameh N.
date: 2020-08-06
txt: ./txt/cord-252344-5a0sriq9.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-252344-5a0sriq9.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.406
doi: 10.1017/ice.2020.406
summary:
  CONCLUSIONS: Considering the positive sentiment, preponderance of objective tweets, and topics supporting coping mechanisms, we concluded that Twitter users generally supported social distancing in the early stages of their implementation. 18 We hypothesized that performing sentiment, emotion, and content analysis of tweets related to social distancing on Twitter during the COVID-19 pandemic could provide valuable insight into the public''s beliefs and opinions on this policy. We used Python''s TextBlob library 21 to perform sentiment analysis for all tweets through natural language processing and text analysis to identify and classify emotions (positive, negative, or neutral) and content topics. We analyzed Twitter activity around the 2 most common social distancing trending hashtags at the study time to understand emotions, sentiment polarity, subjectivity, and topics discussed related to this NPI. Performing sentiment, emotion, and content analysis of tweets provided valuable insight into the public''s beliefs and opinions on social distancing.

abstract:
  OBJECTIVE: Social distancing policies are key in curtailing severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread, but their effectiveness is heavily contingent on public understanding and collective adherence. We studied public perception of social distancing through organic, large-scale discussion on Twitter. DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional study. METHODS: Between March 27 and April 10, 2020, we retrieved English-only tweets matching two trending social distancing hashtags, #socialdistancing and #stayathome. We analyzed the tweets using natural language processing and machine-learning models, and we conducted a sentiment analysis to identify emotions and polarity. We evaluated the subjectivity of tweets and estimated the frequency of discussion of social distancing rules. We then identified clusters of discussion using topic modeling and associated sentiments. RESULTS: We studied a sample of 574,903 tweets. For both hashtags, polarity was positive (mean, 0.148; SD, 0.290); only 15% of tweets had negative polarity. Tweets were more likely to be objective (median, 0.40; IQR, 0–0.6) with ~30% of tweets labeled as completely objective (labeled as 0 in range from 0 to 1). Approximately half of tweets (50.4%) primarily expressed joy and one-fifth expressed fear and surprise. Each correlated well with topic clusters identified by frequency including leisure and community support (ie, joy), concerns about food insecurity and quarantine effects (ie, fear), and unpredictability of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its implications (ie, surprise). CONCLUSIONS: Considering the positive sentiment, preponderance of objective tweets, and topics supporting coping mechanisms, we concluded that Twitter users generally supported social distancing in the early stages of their implementation.


id: cord-252870-52fjx7s4
title: The Impact of Risk Perception on Social Distancing during the COVID-19 Pandemic in China
author: Xie, Kefan
date: 2020-08-27
txt: ./txt/cord-252870-52fjx7s4.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-252870-52fjx7s4.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32867381/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17176256
summary:
  Hence, these findings suggest effective management guidelines for successful implementation of the social distancing policies during the COVID-19 pandemic by emphasizing the critical role of risk perception, perceived understanding, and safety climate. Individual''s perceived understanding and safety climate are also examined to identify their effectiveness in the relationship between risk perception and social distancing. Perceived Understanding about the COVID-19 pandemic plays a mediating role between Risk Perception and Social Distancing behavior. The initial questionnaire contained 22 questions to measure these 4 latent variables, including Risk Perception-RP (7 items), Perceived Understanding-PU (4 items), Social Distancing-SD (5 items), and Safety Climate-SC (6 items). This study provided evidence that risk perception and perceived understanding can significantly affect people''s social distancing behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the data collected from an online survey among 317 participants in China throughout May 2020, our analyses indicate that positive changes in social distancing behaviors are associated with increased risk perception, perceived understanding, and safety climate.

abstract:
  Social distancing is one of the most recommended policies worldwide to reduce diffusion risk during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on a risk management perspective, this study explores the mechanism of the risk perception effect on social distancing in order to improve individual physical distancing behavior. The data for this study were collected from 317 Chinese residents in May 2020 using an internet-based survey. A structural equation model (SEM) and hierarchical linear regression (HLR) analyses were conducted to examine all the considered research hypotheses. The results show that risk perception significantly affects perceived understanding and social distancing behaviors in a positive way. Perceived understanding has a significant positive correlation with social distancing behaviors and plays a mediating role in the relationship between risk perception and social distancing behaviors. Furthermore, safety climate positively predicts social distancing behaviors but lessens the positive correlation between risk perception and social distancing. Hence, these findings suggest effective management guidelines for successful implementation of the social distancing policies during the COVID-19 pandemic by emphasizing the critical role of risk perception, perceived understanding, and safety climate.


id: cord-253212-ygmkul62
title: Social Laser Model for the Bandwagon Effect: Generation of Coherent Information Waves
author: Khrennikov, Andrei
date: 2020-05-17
txt: ./txt/cord-253212-ygmkul62.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-253212-ygmkul62.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.12669v1.pdf
doi: 10.3390/e22050559
summary:
  The main output of this paper is presented in Section 5 describing the quantum-like mechanism of the generation of big waves of coherent information excitations. Thus, we model the information field as a quantum field with communications (generated, e.g., by mass media) as quanta carrying social energy and some additional characteristics related to communication content. The information flows generated by mass media and the Internet are so powerful that people are not able to analyze communication content deeply, they just scan its quasi-color and absorb a quantum of the social energy carried by this communication. Thus, information excitations in the echo chamber generated by posted communications not only increase the probability of emission of new information excitations by excited atoms, but they also perform the function of additional energy pumping into the gain medium (social group).

abstract:
  During recent years our society has often been exposed to coherent information waves of high amplitudes. These are waves of huge social energy. Often they are of destructive character, a kind of information tsunami. However, they can also carry positive improvements in human society, as waves of decision-making matching rational recommendations of societal institutes. The main distinguishing features of these waves are their high amplitude, coherence (homogeneous character of social actions generated by them), and short time needed for their generation and relaxation. Such waves can be treated as large-scale exhibitions of the bandwagon effect. We show that this socio-psychic phenomenon can be modeled based on the recently developed social laser theory. This theory can be used to model stimulated amplification of coherent social actions. “Actions” are treated very generally, from mass protests to votes and other collective decisions, such as, e.g., acceptance (often unconscious) of some societal recommendations. In this paper, we concentrate on the theory of laser resonators, physical vs. social. For the latter, we analyze in detail the functioning of Internet-based echo chambers. Their main purpose is increasing of the power of the quantum information field as well as its coherence. Of course, the bandwagon effect is well known and well studied in social psychology. However, social laser theory gives the possibility to model it by using general formalism of quantum field theory. The paper contains the minimum of mathematics and it can be read by researchers working in psychological, cognitive, social, and political sciences; it might also be interesting for experts in information theory and artificial intelligence.


id: cord-253576-bsu6j1q7
author: AMMAR, A.
date: 2020-05-09
url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.05.20091066
doi: 10.1101/2020.05.05.20091066
title:
  Social participation and life satisfaction of peoples during the COVID-19 home confinement: the ECLB-COVID19 multicenter study

abstract:
  Abstract Background Public health recommendations and governmental measures during the COVID-19 pandemic have enforced numerous restrictions on daily living including social distancing, isolation and home confinement. While these measures are imperative to mitigate spreading of COVID-19, the impact of these restrictions on psychosocial health is undefined. Therefore, an international online survey was launched in April 2020 in seven languages to elucidate the behavioral and lifestyle consequences of COVID-19 restrictions. This report presents the preliminary results from the first thousand responders on social participation and life satisfaction. Methods Thirty-five research organisations from Europe, North-Africa, Western Asia and the Americas promoted the survey through their networks to the general society, in English, German, French, Arabic, Spanish, Portuguese, and Slovenian languages. Questions were presented in a differential format with questions related to responses before and during confinement conditions. Results 1047 replies (54% women) from Asia (36%), Africa (40%), Europe (21%) and other (3%) were included in the analysis. Preliminary findings revealed psychosocial strain during the enforced COVID-19 home confinement. In particular, large decreases in the amount of social activity through family (58%), friends/neighbors (44.9%) or entertainment (46.7%) were triggered by the enforced confinement. These negative effects on social participation were also associated with lower satisfaction (-30.5%) during the confinement period. Conversely, social contact score through digital technologies has significantly increased (p<0.001) during the confinement period with more individuals (24.8%) being socially connected through digital technology. Conclusion These preliminary findings elucidate the risk of psychosocial strain during the current home confinement period. Therefore, in order to mitigate the negative psychosocial effects of home confinement, implementation of national strategies focused on promoting social inclusion through technology-based solution is urgently needed.


id: cord-254191-5cxv9l3c
author: Islam, A.K.M. Najmul
date: 2020-07-12
txt: ./txt/cord-254191-5cxv9l3c.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-254191-5cxv9l3c.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120201
doi: 10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120201
summary:
  Building off the affordance lens and cognitive load theory, we investigate how motivational factors and personal attributes influence social media fatigue and the sharing of unverified information during the COVID-19 pandemic. The lack of critique on thoughts and the amplification of radical ideas by the virtual echo-chambers created by social media have been claimed to contribute to increased dissemination of misinformation (Barberá et al., T During COVID-19, clear communication of the severity of the situation and recommended health measures was needed to ensure people took correct action and did not suffer from unnecessary anxiety (Farooq et al., 2020) . From Table 2 , DS-R is the most critical predictor followed by exploration, self-promotion, religiosity, SMF, and entertainment in predicting unverified information sharing. We found that SMF, self-promotion, entertainment, exploration, DS-R, and religiosity all predicted unverified COVID-19 information sharing on social media.

title:
  Misinformation sharing and social media fatigue during COVID-19: An affordance and cognitive load perspective

abstract:
  Social media plays a significant role during pandemics such as COVID-19, as it enables people to share news as well as personal experiences and viewpoints with one another in real-time, globally. Building off the affordance lens and cognitive load theory, we investigate how motivational factors and personal attributes influence social media fatigue and the sharing of unverified information during the COVID-19 pandemic. Accordingly, we develop a model which we analyse using the structural equation modelling and neural network techniques with data collected from young adults in Bangladesh (N = 433). The results show that people, who are driven by self-promotion and entertainment, and those suffering from deficient self-regulation, are more likely to share unverified information. Exploration and religiosity correlated negatively with the sharing of unverified information. However, exploration also increased social media fatigue. Our findings indicate that the different use purposes of social media introduce problematic consequences, in particular, increased misinformation sharing.


id: cord-254779-cad6pb3n
author: Asakura, Kenta
date: 2020-09-24
txt: ./txt/cord-254779-cad6pb3n.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-254779-cad6pb3n.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10615-020-00772-x
doi: 10.1007/s10615-020-00772-x
summary:
  This article reports a scoping review designed to synthesize current literature that used simulation as an investigative methodology (simulation-based research; SBR) in researching practice competencies in clinical social work. The purpose of this scoping review was to systematically search and summarize the current state of social work literature, in which simulation (e.g., trained actors as standardized clients, virtual reality, staged environments) was used as an investigative methodology in researching practice competencies. Using our content expertise, the lead author (KA) and a second team member (KS) worked together to develop the following inclusion criteria to identify empirical studies written in English and published in peer-review journals: (1) used simulation-based data (e.g., live SPs, video-recordings of SPs, virtual reality, data available from OSCE), (2) examined practice competencies (i.e., knowledge, values, and skills) related to clinical social work, and (3) included study samples comprised of social workers, social work students, or social work supervisors.

title:
  Using Simulation as an Investigative Methodology in Researching Competencies of Clinical Social Work Practice: A Scoping Review

abstract:
  This article reports a scoping review designed to synthesize current literature that used simulation as an investigative methodology (simulation-based research; SBR) in researching practice competencies in clinical social work. Following Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review framework, 24 articles were included in this scoping review. The majority of articles reported SBR studies conducted in Canada and the U.S. and were published in the last 10 years, signifying that this is a burgeoning area of research in clinical social work. Areas of clinical competencies included professional decision-making (33%), the role of cognition and emotion (21%), attending to culture and diversity (21%), and others, such as supervision skills (8%). Using qualitative (46%), quantitative (42%), and mixed methods (13%) in research design, more than half of the SBR studies reported in the selected articles used live actors (54%) to simulate a realistic practice situation for research. Selected articles also offered both benefits and limitations of SBR in social work. We offer suggestions for when to use SBR for research on clinical social work practice and strengthening a collaboration between clinicians and researchers in advancing practice-informed research.


id: cord-255360-yjn24sja
author: O'Connor, Daryl B.
date: 2020-07-19
url: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12468
doi: 10.1111/bjop.12468
title:
  Research priorities for the COVID‐19 pandemic and beyond: A call to action for psychological science

abstract:
  The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) that has caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic represents the greatest international biopsychosocial emergency the world has faced for a century, and psychological science has an integral role to offer in helping societies recover. The aim of this paper is to set out the shorter‐ and longer‐term priorities for research in psychological science that will (a) frame the breadth and scope of potential contributions from across the discipline; (b) enable researchers to focus their resources on gaps in knowledge; and (c) help funders and policymakers make informed decisions about future research priorities in order to best meet the needs of societies as they emerge from the acute phase of the pandemic. The research priorities were informed by an expert panel convened by the British Psychological Society that reflects the breadth of the discipline; a wider advisory panel with international input; and a survey of 539 psychological scientists conducted early in May 2020. The most pressing need is to research the negative biopsychosocial impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic to facilitate immediate and longer‐term recovery, not only in relation to mental health, but also in relation to behaviour change and adherence, work, education, children and families, physical health and the brain, and social cohesion and connectedness. We call on psychological scientists to work collaboratively with other scientists and stakeholders, establish consortia, and develop innovative research methods while maintaining high‐quality, open, and rigorous research standards.


id: cord-258125-2kkqqgop
title: Knowing How to Act Well in Time
author: Wagner, Peter
date: 2020-08-25
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32840843/
doi: 10.1007/s11673-020-10018-7
abstract:
  Numerous scholars in the social sciences and humanities have speedily analysed and interpreted the COVID-19-induced social and political crisis. While the commitment to address an urgent topic is to be appreciated, this article suggests that the combination of confidence in the applicability of one’s tools and belief in the certainty of the available knowledge can be counter-productive in the face of a phenomenon that in significant respects is unprecedented. Starting out from the plurality of forms of knowledge that are mobilized to analyse COVID-19 and its consequences as well as the lack of any clearly hegemonic knowledge, the article tries to understand how a limited convergence in the politico-medical responses to the crisis emerged, and speculates on what would have happened if this had not been the case. In conclusion, it is argued that this pandemic demands a greater awareness of the uncertainty of our knowledge and of the consequences of our actions, both in terms of being situated in time and of aiming at timeliness.


id: cord-258915-lgee3ers
author: Liddle, Jennifer
date: 2020-07-31
txt: ./txt/cord-258915-lgee3ers.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-258915-lgee3ers.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32751898/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17155544
summary:
  In drawing together participants'' ideas about spaces, processes and mechanisms that might address these local challenges, we conclude the paper with implications that offer scope for further exploration and consideration in terms of how technology might support the operationalisation of local people''s ideas for improving face-to-face connections in age-friendly community settings. As described earlier, the interview data were coded to explore (a) opportunities to improve connections at a local level, i.e., factors that had the potential to impact negatively on people''s geographically proximate social relationships in terms of quality, quantity or satisfaction; and (b) participants'' engagement with technology in relation to their social lives generally. As described earlier, the interview data were coded to explore (a) opportunities to improve connections at a local level, i.e., factors that had the potential to impact negatively on people''s geographically proximate social relationships in terms of quality, quantity or satisfaction; and (b) participants'' engagement with technology in relation to their social lives generally.

title:
  Connecting at Local Level: Exploring Opportunities for Future Design of Technology to Support Social Connections in Age-friendly Communities

abstract:
  Social connectedness in later life is an important dimension of an age-friendly community, with associated implications for individual health and wellbeing. In contrast with prior efforts focusing on connections at a distance or online communities where the digital technology is the interface, we explore the design opportunities and role of technology for connectedness within a geographically local community context. We present findings from interviews with 22 older adults and a linked ideation workshop. Our analysis identified shared concerns and negative perceptions around local relationships, connections and characteristics of the geographical area. However, local connectedness through technology was largely absent from day-to-day life and even perceived as contributing to disconnection. By uncovering how older adults use and perceive technology in their social lives and combining these findings with their ideas for improving local connections, we highlight the need for thoughtful consideration of the role of technology in optimising social connections within communities. Our research highlights a need for design work to understand the specifics of the local context and reduce emphasis on technology as the interface between people. We introduce an amended definition—‘underpinned by a commitment to respect and social inclusion, an age-friendly community is engaged in a strategic and ongoing process to facilitate active ageing by optimising the community’s physical, social and digital environments and its supporting infrastructure’—to conceptualise our approach. We conclude by suggesting areas for future work in developing digitally connected age-friendly communities.


id: cord-259394-mno88lzj
author: Zhu, Wei
date: 2020-11-04
txt: ./txt/cord-259394-mno88lzj.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-259394-mno88lzj.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33148229/
doi: 10.1186/s12913-020-05871-6
summary:
  title: The mediation effects of coping style on the relationship between social support and anxiety in Chinese medical staff during COVID-19 We aimed to investigate the prevalence of anxiety in Chinese medical staff and examine the mediation effects of coping styles on the relationship between social support and anxiety. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the anxiety level of medical staff during the COVID-19 pandemic and examine whether coping styles mediate the association between social support and anxiety. Additionally, the social support had indirect effects on the Self-rated Anxiety Scale through Positive Coping and Negative Coping paths, indicating the partial mediation effects of coping style. Moreover, hospital managers can educate the family members on listening and This study also found that the relationship between social support and anxiety was partially mediated by coping styles. The mediation analysis found that coping styles affected on the association between social support and anxiety.

title:
  The mediation effects of coping style on the relationship between social support and anxiety in Chinese medical staff during COVID-19

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 has been a pandemic around the world, which affirmatively brought mental health problems to medical staff. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of anxiety in Chinese medical staff and examine the mediation effects of coping styles on the relationship between social support and anxiety. METHODS: A cross-sectional study via internet survey was conducted from 15 March to 30 March, 2020. The social demographic data, Self-rated Anxiety Scale, Social Support Rate Scale and Trait Coping Style Scale were collected. Pearson correlation and a structural equation model were performed to examine the relationships of these variables. The bootstrap analysis was conducted to evaluate the mediation effects. RESULTS: A total of 453 medical staff participated in this study. The mean score of SAS was 46.1 (SD = 10.4). Up to 40.8% of the participants had anxiety symptoms. The participants lived with family members had lower SAS score (45.1 ± 9.8 vs 49.6 ± 11.8). Social support was negatively associated with anxiety, mediated by positive coping and negative coping partially significantly with an effect size of − 0.183. CONCLUSIONS: Chinese medical staff had a high level of anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Coping styles had effects on the association between social support and anxiety. Sufficient social support and training on positive coping skills may reduce anxiety in medical staff. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-020-05871-6.


id: cord-263255-zdufwtn4
title: Social distancing as a public good under the COVID-19 pandemic
author: Cato, Susumu
date: 2020-08-13
txt: ./txt/cord-263255-zdufwtn4.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-263255-zdufwtn4.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033350620303607?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.08.005
summary:
  Our main figure shows the proportion of people who increased/did not change/decreased social distancing, relative to the level of altruism and sensitivity to public shaming. Results Social distancing is a public good under the COVID-19 pandemic, for which the free-rider problem is particularly severe. Using an original survey, we show that people with higher altruistic concerns and sensitivity to shaming are more likely to follow social-distancing measures. Figure 1 shows the results from an original social survey in Japan, where we measured respondents'' psychological traits and inquired about various social distancing actions. Each of the three mechanisms for mitigating collection action problems-altruism, shaming, and legal sanctions-have inherent advantages and disadvantages, and none may be strong enough individually to produce socially optimal outcomes. Figure 1 : Social Distancing by Altruism and Sensitivity to Shame NOTE: Each row shows the distribution of responses to the following question: has your frequency of going out for dinners increased or decreased since last March?

abstract:
  Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study is to show that social distancing is a public good under the COVID-19 pandemic. Study design We apply economic theory to analyze a cross-sectional survey. Methods Economic theory is complemented with empirical evidence. An online survey of those aged 30-49 in Japan (n=2,177) was conducted between April 28 - May 7. Respondents were selected by quota sampling with regard to age group, gender and prefecture of residence. Our main figure shows the proportion of people who increased/did not change/decreased social distancing, relative to the level of altruism and sensitivity to public shaming. The results of OLS and logit models are shown in Supplementary Materials. Results Social distancing is a public good under the COVID-19 pandemic, for which the free-rider problem is particularly severe. Altruism and social norms are crucial factors in overcoming this problem. Using an original survey, we show that people with higher altruistic concerns and sensitivity to shaming are more likely to follow social-distancing measures. Conclusions Altruism and social norms are important for reducing the economic cost of the pandemic.


id: cord-263321-pzmo4hja
author: Roach, P.
date: 2020-06-05
txt: ./txt/cord-263321-pzmo4hja.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-263321-pzmo4hja.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.04.20122192v1?rss=1
doi: 10.1101/2020.06.04.20122192
summary:
  To understand the lived experience of social and physical distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada we remotely interviewed 21 participants who normally attend a dementia specialty clinic in Calgary, Alberta, during a period where essential businesses were closed and healthcare had abruptly transitioned to telemedicine. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.04.20122192 doi: medRxiv preprint Social distancing and cognitive decline A number of participants also expressed concern that the person living with dementia was experiencing more cognitive decline since the start of the public health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Strengths of the study include that it was embedded in a prospective clinic registry which enabled us to quickly contact people living with dementia and their care partners during the COVID-19 pandemic, and link their data to physician collected information on cognitive assessment and disease diagnosis.

title:
  Understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on well-being and virtual care for people living with dementia and care partners living in the community

abstract:
  The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated public health measures that have impacted the provision of care for people living with dementia and their families. Additionally, the isolation that results from social distancing may be harming well-being for families, as formal and informal supports become less accessible. For those with living with dementia and experiencing agitation, social distancing may be even harder to maintain, or social distancing could potentially aggravate dementia-related neuropsychiatric symptoms. To understand the lived experience of social and physical distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada we remotely interviewed 21 participants who normally attend a dementia specialty clinic in Calgary, Alberta, during a period where essential businesses were closed and healthcare had abruptly transitioned to telemedicine. The impacts of the public health measures in response to the pandemic emerged in three main categories of experience: 1) personal; 2) health services; and 3) health status (of both person living with dementia and care partner). This in-depth understanding of the needs and experiences of the pandemic for people living with dementia suggests that innovative means are urgently needed to facilitate provision of remote medicine and also social interaction and integration.


id: cord-264479-s20oacr9
title: COVID-19 Highlights the Need for Trained Social Workers in Nursing Homes
author: Bern-Klug, Mercedes
date: 2020-05-25
txt: ./txt/cord-264479-s20oacr9.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-264479-s20oacr9.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32561232/
doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.05.049
abstract: nan
summary:
  This editorial provides examples of how nursing home social workers are adapting the way they connect with residents and families during the pandemic and concludes with suggestions. In nursing homes experiencing PPE shortages, the lack of equipment means activities and social services staff cannot safely enter resident rooms. While a core function of the social work role has always been to anticipate, assess and address resident psychosocial needs, social workers have also been key liaisons between the family and the facility. In nursing homes with multiple COVID deaths, social workers leave work with a pit in their stomach from the phone conversations with family members to discuss what to do with the decedent''s body and their belongings. Including degreed and licensed social workers as part of the core team is a basic way to provide psychosocial care in nursing homes and enhance resident quality of life.


id: cord-264655-v0v7zsaw
title: COVID-19: Active measures to support community-dwelling older adults
author: Kuwahara, Keisuke
date: 2020-03-20
txt: ./txt/cord-264655-v0v7zsaw.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-264655-v0v7zsaw.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32205272/
doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101638
abstract: nan
summary:
  The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread around the world [1] , posing enormous health, economic, and social challenges to societies. Social distancing (e.g., cancellation of large gathering, school closures) is an essential part of public health measure for infection control [3] . In line with this, many social events and activities have been cancelled or scaled-down in many countries including Japan, wherein there is already a high number of reported COVID-19 cases [1] . First, communities may not have enough knowledge on whether maintaining, scaling-down, or cancelling social gatherings during the outbreak while minimising health risk. Cancelling social gatherings and scaling down elderly care services can put community-dwelling adults, especially older adults, at an increased risk and severity of social isolation. 3 Although recent technological advances may help detect and provide care for groups at high risk of social isolation, community-dwelling older adults may not have access to smartphones or internet services [5] .


id: cord-265323-urecb44o
title: Reaching Up, Down, In, and Around: Couple and Family Coping During the Corona Virus Pandemic
author: Fraenkel, Peter
date: 2020-06-26
url: https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12570
doi: 10.1111/famp.12570
abstract:
  The worldwide corona virus (COVID‐19) has had profound effects on all aspects of life: physical health, the ability to travel locally or to more distant destinations, material and financial resources, and psychosocial wellbeing. Couples, families, and communities and individual persons in those relationships have struggled to cope with emerging depression, anxiety, and trauma, and the rise of relational conflict. In this article, we suggest that the existential nature of the pandemic’s challenges require more than just the usual psychosocial interventions. We propose a taxonomy of responses to foster coping and resilience – “Reaching Up, Down, In, and Around”. “Reaching Up” includes accessing spiritual, religious, and ethical values. “Reaching Down” includes ideas and practices that foster a revised relationship with the Earth and its resources, and that engage families to participate in activities that aid the Earth’s recovery from decades of human‐caused damage. “Reaching In” represents a turn towards experiences available in the mind and in shared minds in relationships that provide pleasure, excitement, joy, and peace, given that external sources of these emotions are of limited availability due to quarantine. “Reaching Around” involves reframing the mandate for “social distancing” as fostering social connection and support while maintaining physical distancing. The challenges for family therapists, whose practices are confined largely to online therapy, and who are struggling with the same fears and constraints as those persons they are attempting to help, are also discussed.


id: cord-269090-o93gxlzx
title: Towards A Comprehensive Narrative and Response to COVID-19 in Southeast Asia
author: Sciortino, Rosalia
date: 2020-09-01
txt: ./txt/cord-269090-o93gxlzx.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-269090-o93gxlzx.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590291120300474?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.ssaho.2020.100058
summary:
  The dominant narrative of the COVID-19 pandemic in Southeast Asia barely gives attention to the many social and cultural dimensions of the crisis, and humanities and social science experts remain at the margins of containment decisions. It argues that we can help broaden the current epidemiological approach to understand and impact on the social drivers of vulnerability and risk for diverse populations in specific contexts, while promoting transformative change. Based on our disciplinary core principles and what has been learned from other epidemics, foremost HIV, we can help shift a purely epidemiological approach to addressing the social drivers of vulnerability and risk for diverse populations in specific social contexts, and build agency of these groups while promoting social transformative change.

abstract:
  The dominant narrative of the COVID-19 pandemic in Southeast Asia barely gives attention to the many social and cultural dimensions of the crisis, and humanities and social science experts remain at the margins of containment decisions. This short commentary highlight our potential contribution based on our disciplinary core principles and what has been learned from other epidemics, foremost HIV. It argues that we can help broaden the current epidemiological approach to understand and impact on the social drivers of vulnerability and risk for diverse populations in specific contexts, while promoting transformative change. We can achieve this through paradigmatic adjustments as well as a more daring and engaged role on our part.


id: cord-269643-12qm4h9w
author: Liu, Pai
date: 2020-07-17
txt: ./txt/cord-269643-12qm4h9w.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-269643-12qm4h9w.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0013871
doi: 10.1063/5.0013871
summary:
  We uncover and highlight the importance of social distancing duration and intensity in lowering hospitalization demand-to-supply during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in the USA. Calibrating our model using epidemiological data from this time period enabled us to unbiasedly address the question "How long and with what intensity does the USA need to implement social distancing intervention during the COVID-19 pandemic?" For a short (i.e., up to two weeks) duration, we find a near-linear decrease in hospital beds demand with increasing intensity [Formula: see text] of social distancing. Therefore, we term the period March 19-28 as the "latency period" (see the shaded area in Fig. 1) , and the period thereafter as "benefits manifestation period." Calibrating our model using baseline epidemiological data corresponding to the "latency period" enabled us to unbiasedly probe and address the question: How long and with what intensity does the US need to implement social distancing as a sustainable public policy during the COVID-19 pandemic?

title:
  Dynamic interplay between social distancing duration and intensity in reducing COVID-19 US hospitalizations: A “law of diminishing returns”

abstract:
  We uncover and highlight the importance of social distancing duration and intensity in lowering hospitalization demand-to-supply during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in the USA. We have developed an epidemic progression model involving the susceptible–exposed–infected–recovered dynamics, the age-stratified disease transmissibility, and the possible large-scale undocumented (i.e., asymptomatic and/or untested) transmission of COVID-19 taking place in the USA. Our analysis utilizes COVID-19 observational data in the USA between March 19 and 28, corresponding to the early stage of the epidemic when the impacts of social distancing on disease progression were yet to manifest. Calibrating our model using epidemiological data from this time period enabled us to unbiasedly address the question “How long and with what intensity does the USA need to implement social distancing intervention during the COVID-19 pandemic?” For a short (i.e., up to two weeks) duration, we find a near-linear decrease in hospital beds demand with increasing intensity [Formula: see text] of social distancing. For a duration longer than two weeks, our findings highlight the diminishing marginal benefit of social distancing, characterized by a linear decrease in medical demands against an exponentially increasing social distancing duration. Long-term implementation of strict social distancing with [Formula: see text] could lead to the emergence of a second wave of infections due to a large residual susceptible population which highlights the need for contact tracing and isolation before re-opening of the economy. Finally, we investigate the scenario of intermittent social distancing and find an optimal social-to-no-distancing duration ratio of 5:1 corresponding to a sustainable reduction in medical demands.


id: cord-270008-h0vghr2w
author: Fazio, R. H.
date: 2020-10-27
url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.26.20219634v1?rss=1
doi: 10.1101/2020.10.26.20219634
title:
  Who is (Not) Complying with the Social Distancing Directive and Why? Testing a General Framework of Compliance with Multiple Measures of Social Distancing

abstract:
  A study involving over 2000 online participants tested a general framework regarding compliance with a directive in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study featured not only a self-report measure of social distancing but also behavioral measures -- simulations that presented participants with graphical depictions mirroring multiple real-world scenarios and asked them to position themselves in relation to others in the scene. The conceptual framework highlights three essential components of a directive: (1) the source, some entity is advocating for a behavioral change; (2) the surrounding context, the directive is in response to some challenge; and (3) the target, the persons to whom the directive is addressed. Belief systems relevant to each of these three components are predicted, and were found, to relate to compliance with the social distancing directive. The implications of the findings for public service campaigns encouraging people to engage in social distancing are discussed.


id: cord-270828-h9tgkboe
author: Huang, V. S.
date: 2020-06-08
txt: ./txt/cord-270828-h9tgkboe.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-270828-h9tgkboe.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.04.20119131
doi: 10.1101/2020.06.04.20119131
summary:
  To investigate social distancing''s sensitivity to different population characteristics, we compared social distancing time-series data across county vulnerability as measured by the COVID-19 Community Vulnerability Index (CCVI) which defines vulnerability across socioeconomic, household composition, minority status, epidemiological, and healthcare-system related factors. Shifts in social distancing began after major announcements but prior to specific applied policies: Following the WHO declaration, national social distancing significantly increased on weekdays and weekends (-18.6% and -41.3% decline in mobility, respectively). For each population grouping listed above, we analyzed three key events: (1) the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of a global pandemic on March 11th, 2020, (2) the release of President Trump''s national guidelines for reopening ("Opening Up America Again"abbreviated OUAA) on April 16th, and (3) the time period (including effective date) of states'' first relaxation of social distancing .

title:
  Social distancing across vulnerability, race, politics, and employment: How different Americans changed behaviors before and after major COVID-19 policy announcements

abstract:
  Background: As states reopen in May 2020, the United States is still trying to curb the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. To appropriately design policies and anticipate behavioral change, it is important to understand how different Americans' social distancing behavior shifts in relation to policy announcements according to individual characteristics, and community vulnerability. Methods: This cross-sectional study used Unacast's social distancing data from February 24th - May 10th, 2020 to study how social distancing changed before and after: 1) The World Health Organization's declaration of a global pandemic, 2) White House announcement of "Opening Up America Again" (OUAA) guidelines, and 3) the week of April 27 when several states reopened. To measure intention to social distance, we assessed the difference between weekday and weekend behavior as more individuals have more control over weekend leisure time. To investigate social distancing's sensitivity to different population characteristics, we compared social distancing time-series data across county vulnerability as measured by the COVID-19 Community Vulnerability Index (CCVI) which defines vulnerability across socioeconomic, household composition, minority status, epidemiological, and healthcare-system related factors. We also compared social distancing across population groupings by race, 2016 presidential election voting choice, and employment sectors. Results: Movement reduced significantly throughout March reaching peak reduction on April 12th (-56.1%) prior the enactment of any reopening policies. Shifts in social distancing began after major announcements but prior to specific applied policies: Following the WHO declaration, national social distancing significantly increased on weekdays and weekends (-18.6% and -41.3% decline in mobility, respectively). Social distancing significantly declined on weekdays and weekends after OUAA guidelines (i.e. before state reopening) (+1.1% and +5.3% increase in mobility, respectively) with additional significant decline after state reopening (+10.0% and +20.9% increase in mobility, respectively). Social distancing was significantly greater on weekends than weekdays throughout March, however, the trend reversed by early May with significantly less social distancing on weekends, suggesting a shift in intent to social distance during leisure time. In general, vulnerable counties social distanced less than non-vulnerable counties, and had a greater difference between weekday and weekend behavior until state reopening. This may be driven by structural barriers that vulnerable communities face, such as higher rates of employment in particular sectors. At all time periods studied, the average black individual in the US social distanced significantly more than the average white individual, and the average 2016 Clinton voter social distanced significantly more than the average 2016 Trump voter. Social distancing behavior differed across industries with three clusters of employment sectors. Conclusion: Both signaling of a policy change and implementation of a policy are important factors that seem to influence social distancing. Behaviors shifted with national announcements prior to mandates, though social distancing further declined nationwide as the first states reopened. The variation in behavioral drivers including vulnerability, race, political affiliation, and employment industry demonstrates the need for targeted policy messaging and interventions tailored to address specific barriers for improved social distancing and mitigation.


id: cord-271432-pn02p843
title: U.S. county level analysis to determine If social distancing slowed the spread of COVID-19
author: Banerjee, Tannista
date: 2020-07-06
txt: ./txt/cord-271432-pn02p843.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-271432-pn02p843.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2020.90
doi: 10.26633/rpsp.2020.90
summary:
  That is, social distancing in this study was measured by what proportion of a county''s population is staying home completely; how much time they were spending indoors, versus outdoors, in public spaces like working full-time, which is critical for this analysis. To analyze the effect of these social distancing measures on COVID-19 cases and how this effect is working on the treatment counties comparing to the control counties, we estimated the following difference-in-difference (DID) model: Column 1 of Table 2 shows that after controlling for county, state, time and county-time fixed effects, counties where NPIs were enacted, full time work and distance-travelled-from-home increased the COVID-19 cases by 54% (p-value 0.001) and 13% (p-value 0.001), respectively. After 15 days of enactment of the NPIs, the effects of full time work and distance travelled from home on COVID-19 infection increased to 84% and 25% (compared to 54% and 13% immediate effects).

abstract:
  OBJECTIVE. To analyze the effectiveness of social distancing in the United States (U.S.). METHODS. A novel cell-phone ping data was used to quantify the measures of social distancing by all U.S. counties. RESULTS. Using a difference-in-difference approach results show that social distancing has been effective in slowing the spread of COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS. As policymakers face the very difficult question of the necessity and effectiveness of social distancing across the U.S., counties where the policies have been imposed have effectively increased social distancing and have seen slowing the spread of COVID-19. These results might help policymakers to make the public understand the risks and benefits of the lockdown.


id: cord-271853-wexe9gq0
title: Social Policy Responses to the Covid-19 Crisis in China in 2020
author: Lu, Quan
date: 2020-08-14
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165896
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17165896
abstract:
  The 2020 coronavirus pandemic has catapulted China into a serious social and political crisis. This article focuses upon how Chinese social policy has responded to the Covid-19 crisis. It reveals that the Chinese welfare state has woven a comprehensive social safety net to mitigate the social suffering of Chinese society in the mid- and post-crisis periods. Different types of social policy programs have been combined and synthesized, including social insurance, social assistance, and social welfare arrangements. Facing the challenges of the new risks caused by the pandemic, the collaboration of the Chinese state and intermediary social welfare organizations has played a crucial role in providing both cash benefits and social services (benefits in kind). For the first time, social policy in China has acted as a major player for coping with the negative outcomes of a pandemic. This article concludes that the pandemic-related crisis has justified an interventionist approach and logic, driven by the state’s welfare system, which favors a model of “big government”. However, this model also requires justification and legitimation.


id: cord-272989-14exeaud
author: Dawoud, Dalia
date: 2020-08-26
txt: ./txt/cord-272989-14exeaud.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-272989-14exeaud.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1551741120310445
doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.08.020
summary:
  A panel of leading journal editors was convened by the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) Pharmacy Practice Research Special Interest Group to discuss the current status of COVID-19 related research, provide their recommendations, and identify focal points for pharmacy practice, social pharmacy, and education research moving forward. From assessing the clinical and cost effectiveness of COVID-19 therapies and vaccines to assessing different models of pharmaceutical services and education delivery, these priorities will ensure that our practice is informed by the best quality scientific evidence at this very challenging time. 3 Pharmacists desire and need evidence to inform practice, and without credible and scientifically sound research studies, partly due to the rush to publish, there is not only a pandemic but an "infodemic". 3, 4 Hence, there is an urgent need to focus our research efforts to provide pharmacists and other healthcare providers with trusted information and evidence to inform patient care, pharmacy practice, and policy changes in the midst of COVID-19.

title:
  Pharmacy practice research priorities during the COVID-19 pandemic: Recommendations of a panel of experts convened by FIP Pharmacy Practice Research Special Interest Group

abstract:
  Across the globe, pharmacists on the frontline continue to fight COVID-19 and its continuously evolving physical, mental, and economic consequences armed by their knowledge, professionalism, and dedication. Their need for credible scientific evidence to inform their practice has never been more urgent. Despite the exponentially increasing number of publications since the start of the pandemic, questions remain unanswered, and more are created, than have been resolved by the increasing number of publications. A panel of leading journal editors was convened by the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) Pharmacy Practice Research Special Interest Group to discuss the current status of COVID-19 related research, provide their recommendations, and identify focal points for pharmacy practice, social pharmacy, and education research moving forward. Key priorities identified spanned a wide range of topics, reflecting the need for good quality research to inform practice and education. The panel insisted that a foundation in theory and use of rigorous methods should continue forming the basis of inquiry and its resultant papers, regardless of topic area. From assessing the clinical and cost effectiveness of COVID-19 therapies and vaccines to assessing different models of pharmaceutical services and education delivery, these priorities will ensure that our practice is informed by the best quality scientific evidence at this very challenging time.


id: cord-273601-icituitn
title: Forecasting the Spread of COVID-19 under Different Reopening Strategies
author: Liu, M.
date: 2020-05-29
url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.26.20113993v1?rss=1
doi: 10.1101/2020.05.26.20113993
abstract:
  We combine COVID-19 case data with demographic and mobility data to estimate a modified susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model for the spread of this disease in the United States. We find that the incidence of infectious COVID-19 individuals has a concave effect on contagion, as would be expected if people have inter-related social networks. We also demonstrate that social distancing and population density have large effects on the rate of contagion. The social distancing in late March and April substantially reduced the number of COVID-19 cases. However, the concave contagion pattern means that when social distancing measures are lifted, the growth rate is considerable but will not be exponential as predicted by standard SIR models. Furthermore, counties with the lowest population density could likely avoid high levels of contagion even with no social distancing. We forecast rates of new cases for COVID-19 under different social distancing norms and find that if social distancing is eliminated there will be a massive increase in the cases of COVID-19, about double what would occur if the US only restored to 50% of the way to normalcy.


id: cord-273918-knlc3bxh
author: Holmes, Emily A
date: 2020-04-15
txt: ./txt/cord-273918-knlc3bxh.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-273918-knlc3bxh.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32304649/
doi: 10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30168-1
summary:
  1,2 Furthermore, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19, might infect the brain or trigger immune responses that have additional adverse effects on brain function and mental health in patients with Research funders and researchers must deploy resources to understand the psychological, social, and neuroscientific effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. We use the term mental health sciences to reflect the many different disciplines, including, but not limited to, psychology, psychiatry, clinical medicine, behavioural and social sciences, and neuroscience, that will need to work together in a multidisciplinary fashion together with people with lived experience of mental health issues or COVID-19 to address these research priorities.

title:
  Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science

abstract:
  The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is having a profound effect on all aspects of society, including mental health and physical health. We explore the psychological, social, and neuroscientific effects of COVID-19 and set out the immediate priorities and longer-term strategies for mental health science research. These priorities were informed by surveys of the public and an expert panel convened by the UK Academy of Medical Sciences and the mental health research charity, MQ: Transforming Mental Health, in the first weeks of the pandemic in the UK in March, 2020. We urge UK research funding agencies to work with researchers, people with lived experience, and others to establish a high level coordination group to ensure that these research priorities are addressed, and to allow new ones to be identified over time. The need to maintain high-quality research standards is imperative. International collaboration and a global perspective will be beneficial. An immediate priority is collecting high-quality data on the mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic across the whole population and vulnerable groups, and on brain function, cognition, and mental health of patients with COVID-19. There is an urgent need for research to address how mental health consequences for vulnerable groups can be mitigated under pandemic conditions, and on the impact of repeated media consumption and health messaging around COVID-19. Discovery, evaluation, and refinement of mechanistically driven interventions to address the psychological, social, and neuroscientific aspects of the pandemic are required. Rising to this challenge will require integration across disciplines and sectors, and should be done together with people with lived experience. New funding will be required to meet these priorities, and it can be efficiently leveraged by the UK's world-leading infrastructure. This Position Paper provides a strategy that may be both adapted for, and integrated with, research efforts in other countries.


id: cord-274009-ew4diub5
title: Coping with being cooped up: Social distancing during COVID-19 among 60+ in the United States
author: Emerson, Kerstin Gerst
date: 2020-06-29
url: https://doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2020.81
doi: 10.26633/rpsp.2020.81
abstract:
  OBJECTIVES. This study examined the impact of sheltering in place and social distancing among adults aged 60 and older during the 2020 outbreak of COVID-19 in the United States. METHODS. Using convenience sampling respondents were asked to complete a web-administered survey to explore impact of social distancing on loneliness, stress, and behavioral changes. The analytic sample consisted of 833 responses of persons aged 60 and older. RESULTS. A large portion reported being stressed (36%), and/or being lonely (42.5%). Nearly 1/3 stated that their sense of loneliness increased during the time of social distancing. Respondents reported engaging in more solitary activity (and fewer in-person activities), using email and text messages more than usual, and spending more time on computers/tablet than usual. Approximately 2/3 reported using more social media than usual. These differed significantly by younger (age 60-70) and older (71+) respondents. Additionally, changes in physical activity, drinking, recreational drug use and sleeping pattern changes differed by age. CONCLUSIONS. Social distancing has significant consequences on loneliness and health behaviors among adults in the United States, many of which differ by age group. Results have implications for continued shelter in place practices, but also for any older adult that may be homebound for other reasons.


id: cord-274307-kl0uvrbw
title: Is the drug a scientific, social or political object?
author: Bordet, Régis
date: 2020-05-23
txt: ./txt/cord-274307-kl0uvrbw.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-274307-kl0uvrbw.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0040595720301025
doi: 10.1016/j.therap.2020.05.012
abstract: nan
summary:
  Pragmatic trials, adaptive trials using the Bayesian approach, studies with external comparators, trials on small samples, taking into account secondary assessment criteria and the use of biomarkers are all methodological innovations that aim to make the framework of controlled trials more flexible in order to speed up or improve the evaluation of drugs, without abandoning the major and basic principle of comparison [1, 2] . The media outburst against methodology rightly clashes with the convictions of the vast majority of health professionals, who have perhaps not sufficiently integrated the fact that drugs, which they consider above all as a scientific object that is their prerogative, have also become an issue that the social body has taken up. While society may request answers from public authorities and healthcare professionals regarding the risks/benefits balance of drugs, social facts may also influence the medical use or diversion of medicines, or even investment in their development.


id: cord-275622-v5o4uayk
title: The COVID-19 pandemic as disjuncture: Lifelong learning in a context of fear
author: Bjursell, Cecilia
date: 2020-10-30
txt: ./txt/cord-275622-v5o4uayk.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-275622-v5o4uayk.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33144741/
doi: 10.1007/s11159-020-09863-w
summary:
  These directives to change what was hitherto entirely "normal" behaviour among human beings has caused "disjuncture" in people''s lives; namely, a disharmony between the world as we knew it and the state of the world during the current pandemic. Footnote 2 (continued) practice of social distancing to ongoing, long-term changes in society; and (3) highlight certain risks and possibilities which need to be addressed if our goal is to support people''s engagement in the kind of learning that is directed towards achieving a better post-pandemic life and a better post-pandemic society. In view of the fact that social distancing can have serious negative effects on people and society, the next section provides an analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic as disjuncture and what this entails in terms of learning. Returning to "non-reflective learning", it is interesting to note that the COVID-19 pandemic and the recommendations and directives that have been issued with respect to social distancing have already changed the way in which we behave.

abstract:
  The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a number of fundamental changes in different societies, and can therefore be understood as creating “disjuncture” in our lives. Disjuncture is a concept proposed by adult educator Peter Jarvis to describe the phenomenon of what happens when an individual is confronted with an experience that conflicts with her/his previous understanding of the world. Faced with a situation that creates disjuncture, the person is compelled to find new knowledge and new ways of doing things; i.e., he/she must embark on a learning process. The recent introduction of social distancing as a measure aiming to reduce transmission of the COVID-19 virus has dramatically changed people’s behaviour, but this measure does not only have preventive and desirable effects. There is an associated risk for increased isolation among the older generations of the population, as well as a change in intergenerational relationships. Although the current pandemic (as disjuncture) may potentially initiate major learning processes in the human collective, we should remember that disjuncture is often theorised within neutral, or even positive, contexts. In a context of fear, however, learning may result in a narrowing of mindsets and a rejection of collective efforts and solidarity between generations. In terms of the types of learning triggered by the current pandemic (as disjuncture), one problem is non-reflective learning, which primarily occurs on a behavioural level. We need to recognise this and engage in reflective learning if we are to make the choices that will lead to a society that is worth living in for all generations. Our goal must be to learn to be a person in a post-pandemic society.


id: cord-278022-sc02fyqs
title: On COVID-19 and Matters Arising
author: Ogundiran, Akin
date: 2020-06-05
txt: ./txt/cord-278022-sc02fyqs.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-278022-sc02fyqs.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10437-020-09390-x
doi: 10.1007/s10437-020-09390-x
abstract: nan
summary:
  The final phase of the editorial process that culminated in this issue of African Archaeological Review (Volume 36, 2) took place in the atmosphere of panic and uncertainties unleashed by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. These concepts-for which I will use the acronym, VCRRS-are often invoked in discussions about how past societies have coped with (or failed to manage) climate change, natural disaster, conflict, ecological degradation, resource scarcity, and social inequality and the implications for the present and future. Heritage studies must take advantage of the interdisciplinary approaches of archaeology so that it can be relevant to the needs of African peoples, especially by supporting the quest to liberate Africa from economic and intellectual dependency rather than perpetuating that dependency. A forum has been convened for future publication in the African Archaeological Review that will explore some aspects of this question while also providing a platform to discuss what we are learning in African archaeology and heritage studies from the social, political, economic, and ecological dimensions of the COVID-19 pandemic.


id: cord-279936-f0lh3g8u
title: Culture
author: Heyes, Cecilia
date: 2020-10-19
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0960982220312768
doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.08.086
abstract:
  If you are not sure what ‘culture’ means, you are not alone. In 1952, anthropologists Kroeber and Kluckhohn identified 164 definitions of culture and there has been growth rather than rationalisation in the ensuing 70 years. In everyday English, culture is the knowledge and behaviour that characterises a particular group of people. Under this umbrella definition, culture was for many decades the exclusive province of the humanities and social sciences, where anthropologists, historians, linguists, sociologists and other scholars studied and compared the language, arts, cuisine, and social habits of particular human groups. Of course, that important work continues, but since the 1980s culture has also been a major focus of enquiry in the natural sciences.


id: cord-281412-r3um3g44
title: TikTok and Its Role in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Information Propagation
author: Ostrovsky, Adam M.
date: 2020-08-29
txt: ./txt/cord-281412-r3um3g44.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-281412-r3um3g44.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.07.039
doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.07.039
abstract: nan
summary:
  However, with recent concerns of a growing number of cases arising from young adults [4] , an increased understanding of COVID-19 portrayal on social media is valuable in deciphering young adult sentiment on the virus and how their views on the seriousness of the pandemic may be colored by the variety of messages they receive about it. One of the most recent platforms to surge to prominence has been TikTok, a social network with more than 45.6 million active users in the U.S.dwith 63.5% being aged <29 yearsd [5] where creators post videos of themselves talking, dancing, or lipsyncing. Given social media''s ability to propagate factually inaccurate medical information at an alarming rate [6] , we analyzed the 100 most popular videos in each of the three largest COVID-19e related categories on TikTok. As of July 12, 2020, these were videos earmarked with the hashtags "covid-19," "covid19," and "coronavirus," which have reached 4.4 billion, 33.3 billion, and 93.1 billion views, respectively, demonstrating the platform''s immense ability to encourage sharing.


id: cord-281836-j1r771nq
author: Hernando-Amado, Sara
date: 2020-08-28
txt: ./txt/cord-281836-j1r771nq.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-281836-j1r771nq.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32983000/
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01914
summary:
  Global Health is based on a broad collaborative and transnational approach to establish "health for all humans." In this case, it focuses AR at a general (global) scale, considering that the selection and global spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARBs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are a problem that influences the health of human societies with disparate social and economic structures and is linked to many societal and ecological factors (Chokshi et al., 2019) . Although not belonging to the antibiotic resistome, genes frequently associated with resistance to other antimicrobials, such as heavy metals or biocides, as well as the genes of the MGEs backbones, eventually involved in the transmission and selection of ARGs among microbial populations, the mobilome at large, are also relevant to track the emergence and dissemination of AR among different habitats Martinez et al., 2017; Baquero et al., 2019) .

title:
  Antibiotic Resistance: Moving From Individual Health Norms to Social Norms in One Health and Global Health

abstract:
  Antibiotic resistance is a problem for human health, and consequently, its study had been traditionally focused toward its impact for the success of treating human infections in individual patients (individual health). Nevertheless, antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes are not confined only to the infected patients. It is now generally accepted that the problem goes beyond humans, hospitals, or long-term facility settings and that it should be considered simultaneously in human-connected animals, farms, food, water, and natural ecosystems. In this regard, the health of humans, animals, and local antibiotic-resistance–polluted environments should influence the health of the whole interconnected local ecosystem (One Health). In addition, antibiotic resistance is also a global problem; any resistant microorganism (and its antibiotic resistance genes) could be distributed worldwide. Consequently, antibiotic resistance is a pandemic that requires Global Health solutions. Social norms, imposing individual and group behavior that favor global human health and in accordance with the increasingly collective awareness of the lack of human alienation from nature, will positively influence these solutions. In this regard, the problem of antibiotic resistance should be understood within the framework of socioeconomic and ecological efforts to ensure the sustainability of human development and the associated human–natural ecosystem interactions.


id: cord-282035-jibmg4ch
author: Dunbar, R. I. M.
date: 2020-08-26
url: https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2020.0446
doi: 10.1098/rspa.2020.0446
title:
  Structure and function in human and primate social networks: implications for diffusion, network stability and health

abstract:
  The human social world is orders of magnitude smaller than our highly urbanized world might lead us to suppose. In addition, human social networks have a very distinct fractal structure similar to that observed in other primates. In part, this reflects a cognitive constraint, and in part a time constraint, on the capacity for interaction. Structured networks of this kind have a significant effect on the rates of transmission of both disease and information. Because the cognitive mechanism underpinning network structure is based on trust, internal and external threats that undermine trust or constrain interaction inevitably result in the fragmentation and restructuring of networks. In contexts where network sizes are smaller, this is likely to have significant impacts on psychological and physical health risks.


id: cord-282194-0sjmf1yn
author: Cherak, Stephana J.
date: 2020-09-11
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32915848/
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238803
title:
  Impact of social media interventions and tools among informal caregivers of critically ill patients after patient admission to the intensive care unit: A scoping review

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: The use of social media in healthcare continues to evolve. The purpose of this scoping review was to summarize existing research on the impact of social media interventions and tools among informal caregivers of critically ill patients after patient admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS: This review followed established scoping review methods, including an extensive a priori-defined search strategy implemented in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and the Cochrane CENTRAL Register of Controlled Trials databases to July 10, 2020. Primary research studies reporting on the use of social media by informal caregivers for critically ill patients were included. RESULTS: We identified 400 unique citations and thirty-one studies met the inclusion criteria. Nine were interventional trials–four randomized controlled trials (RCTs)–and a majority (n = 14) were conducted (i.e., data collected) between 2013 to 2015. Communication platforms (e.g., Text Messaging, Web Camera) were the most commonly used social media tool (n = 17), followed by social networking sites (e.g., Facebook, Instagram) (n = 6), and content communities (e.g., YouTube, SlideShare) (n = 5). Nine studies’ primary objective was caregiver satisfaction, followed by self-care (n = 6), and health literacy (n = 5). Nearly every study reported an outcome on usage feasibility (e.g., user attitudes, preferences, demographics) (n = 30), and twenty-three studies reported an outcome related to patient and caregiver satisfaction. Among the studies that assessed statistical significance (n = 18), 12 reported statistically significant positive effects of social media use. Overall, 16 of the 31 studies reported positive conclusions (e.g., increased knowledge, satisfaction, involvement) regarding the use of social media among informal caregivers for critically ill patients. CONCLUSIONS: Social media has potential benefits for caregivers of the critically ill. More robust and clinically relevant studies are required to identify effective social media strategies used among caregivers for the critically ill.


id: cord-282966-ew8lwmsn
title: Communicating During a Public Health Crisis
author: Haddow, George D.
date: 2014-07-22
txt: ./txt/cord-282966-ew8lwmsn.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-282966-ew8lwmsn.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/B9780124078680000112
doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407868-0.00011-2
summary:
  This chapter incorporates the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention''s (CDC) best advice for communicating during a public health crisis, including infectious disease outbreaks, bioterrorism, chemical emergencies, natural disasters, nuclear accidents and radiation releases and explosions. From the CDC down to local departments of health, public health, and safety officials are using social media to push out vital and useful information to the public and to monitor and respond to public comments. Engaging with and using emerging social media may well place the emergency-management community, including medical and public health professionals, in a better position to respond to disasters" (Merchant et al., 2011) . DHS is testing whether scanning social media sites to collect and analyze health-related data could help identify infectious disease outbreaks, bioterrorism or other public health and national security risks. The purpose of an official response to a public health crisis is to efficiently and effectively reduce and prevent illness, injury, and death, and return individuals and communities to normal as quickly as possible.

abstract:
  “Communicating during a Public Health Crisis,” examines how communicating to the public and media during a public health or safety emergency is different. In a serious crisis, all affected people take in information differently, process information differently and act on information differently. This chapter incorporates the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) best advice for communicating during a public health crisis, including infectious disease outbreaks, bioterrorism, chemical emergencies, natural disasters, nuclear accidents and radiation releases and explosions. This chapter also explores the growing role of social media that is now being used for a variety of traditional and new purposes from distress calls to disease surveillance.


id: cord-285522-3gv6469y
title: Social big data: Recent achievements and new challenges
author: Bello-Orgaz, Gema
date: 2015-08-28
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2015.08.005
doi: 10.1016/j.inffus.2015.08.005
abstract:
  Big data has become an important issue for a large number of research areas such as data mining, machine learning, computational intelligence, information fusion, the semantic Web, and social networks. The rise of different big data frameworks such as Apache Hadoop and, more recently, Spark, for massive data processing based on the MapReduce paradigm has allowed for the efficient utilisation of data mining methods and machine learning algorithms in different domains. A number of libraries such as Mahout and SparkMLib have been designed to develop new efficient applications based on machine learning algorithms. The combination of big data technologies and traditional machine learning algorithms has generated new and interesting challenges in other areas as social media and social networks. These new challenges are focused mainly on problems such as data processing, data storage, data representation, and how data can be used for pattern mining, analysing user behaviours, and visualizing and tracking data, among others. In this paper, we present a revision of the new methodologies that is designed to allow for efficient data mining and information fusion from social media and of the new applications and frameworks that are currently appearing under the “umbrella” of the social networks, social media and big data paradigms.


id: cord-286610-woqb1t06
author: Choukér, Alexander
date: 2020-10-22
url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41526-020-00122-8
doi: 10.1038/s41526-020-00122-8
title:
  COVID-19—The largest isolation study in history: the value of shared learnings from spaceflight analogs

abstract:
  The world is currently experiencing the largest isolation experiment in history. In an attempt to slow down the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic numerous countries across the world have been shutting down economies, education, and public life. Governments have mandated strict regulations of quarantine and social distancing in an unprecedented manner. The effects of these measures on brain, behavior, neuro-humoral and immunological responses in humans are largely unknown. Life science research for space exploration has a long history in using high-fidelity spaceflight analogs to better understand the effect of prolonged isolation and confinement on genes, molecules, cells, neural circuits, and physiological systems to behavior. We here propose to leverage the extensive experience and data from these studies and build a bridge between spaceflight research and clinical settings to foster transdisciplinary approaches to characterize the neurobehavioral effects on the immune system and vice versa. These approaches are expected to develop innovative and efficient health screening tools, diagnostic systems, and treatments to mitigate health risks associated with isolation and confinement on Earth and during future exploratory spaceflight missions.


id: cord-286705-biundkbv
title: Protests in Hong Kong (2019–2020): a Perspective Based on Quality of Life and Well-Being
author: Shek, Daniel T. L.
date: 2020-03-13
txt: ./txt/cord-286705-biundkbv.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-286705-biundkbv.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-020-09825-2
doi: 10.1007/s11482-020-09825-2
summary:
  These issues included distrust in the Central Government, lack of national identity, political dissatisfaction, economic strains, mental health threats, drop in family quality of life, lack of life skills education, lack of evidence-based national education in the formal curriculum, slow response of the Government, and alleged excessive use of force by the police. These include the personal system (e.g., threat to freedom and finding life meaning through involvement in a "revolution"), interpersonal system (e.g., peer influence and bonding amongst peer protesters), family system (e.g., lack of family warmth), social system (e.g., sensational social media influence), and political system (e.g., lack of trust in the Government and support for protesters from bodies outside Hong Kong). In this paper, we treat the quality of life and well-being issues as "fuels", the Extradition Bill as "heat", and some contextual influences (such as support from the general public for young people''s involvement in protests) as "oxygen".

abstract:
  Triggered by the Fugitive Offenders and Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Legislation (Amendment) Bill 2019 in Hong Kong (Extradition Bill), many protests have taken place in Hong Kong in 2019–2020. Using a perspective based on quality of life and well-being in different ecological systems, it is argued that the process of introducing the Bill is the “heat” which has ignited the “fuels” represented by 12 pre-existing and new issues in quality of life and well-being. These issues included distrust in the Central Government, lack of national identity, political dissatisfaction, economic strains, mental health threats, drop in family quality of life, lack of life skills education, lack of evidence-based national education in the formal curriculum, slow response of the Government, and alleged excessive use of force by the police. The fire has been intensified by “four strong winds”, including disinformation and misinformation, anonymity of the protesters, public support for the students, and support given by parties outside Hong Kong. Possible solutions in terms of promotion of quality of life and well-being with reference to the fire triangle are discussed.


id: cord-287036-swo90ji2
author: Rauchbauer, Birgit
date: 2020-08-09
txt: ./txt/cord-287036-swo90ji2.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-287036-swo90ji2.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.07.032
doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.07.032
summary:
  In this review we will focus on the link between interpersonal motor alignment, positive social effects and social cognition in infants, children, and adolescents demonstrating that this link is present early on in development. We propose to review the development of interpersonal motor alignment appearing as synchrony, mimicry or automatic imitation, the former two being ubiquitous in daily social life. The dual role of imitation, for social learning and for establishing group cohesion is supported by studies showing that 14-month-olds are more likely to imitate communicative gestures and familiar actions performed by same-age infants, than when they are performed by older children and adults (Zmyj, Aschersleben, Prinz, & Daum, 2012) . The relevance of automatic motor system engagement during passive action observation for studying interpersonal motor alignment is further supported by studies showing that motor resonance in 14-month-old infants is enhanced in an interaction context compared to the direct copying of adults'' gestures.

title:
  Developmental trajectory of interpersonal motor alignment: positive social effects and link to social cognition

abstract:
  Interpersonal motor alignment is a ubiquitous behavior in daily social life. It is a building block for higher social cognition, including empathy and mentalizing and promotes positive social effects. It can be observed as mimicry, synchrony and automatic imitation, to name a few. These phenomena rely on motor resonance processes, i.e., a direct link between the perception of an action and its execution. While a considerable literature debates its underlying mechanisms and measurement methods, the question of how motor alignment comes about and changes in ontogeny all the way until adulthood, is rarely discussed specifically. In this review we will focus on the link between interpersonal motor alignment, positive social effects and social cognition in infants, children, and adolescents demonstrating that this link is present early on in development. Yet, in reviewing the existing literature pertaining to social psychology and developmental social cognitive neuroscience, we identify a knowledge gap regarding the healthy developmental changes in interpersonal motor alignment especially in adolescence.


id: cord-288024-1mw0k5yu
title: Entrepreneurial entry: The role of social media
author: Wang, Wei
date: 2020-09-29
txt: ./txt/cord-288024-1mw0k5yu.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-288024-1mw0k5yu.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004016252031163X
doi: 10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120337
summary:
  Thus, we propose that trust propensity, an individual''s tendency to believe in others (Choi, 2019; Gefen et al., 2003) , moderates the relationship between social media use and entrepreneurial entry. Our findings reveal that social media use https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120337 Received 8 August 2020; Accepted 21 September 2020 has a positive impact on entrepreneurial entry with individuals'' offline network serving as a partial mediator. Second, our study specified a mechanism for the impact of individuals'' social media use on entrepreneurial entry via their offline network and used instrumental variables to help infer the causality. Thus, with higher social media use, individuals will have an expanded offline social network, which provides them the resources needed for successful entrepreneurial entry. We believe trust propensity in social media moderates the impact of individuals'' social media use on entrepreneurial entry by influencing their ability to network with strangers and known associates.

abstract:
  Despite the exponential growth of social media use, whether and how social media use may affect entrepreneurial entry remains a key research gap. In this study we examine whether individuals’ social media use influences their entrepreneurial entry. Drawing on social network theory, we argue that social media use allows individuals to obtain valuable social capital, as indicated by their offline social network, which increases their entrepreneurial entry. We further posit the relationship between social media use and entrepreneurial entry depends on individuals’ trust propensity based on the nature of social media as weak ties. Our model was supported by a nationally representative survey of 18,873 adults in China over two years. As the first paper on the role of social media on entrepreneurial entry, we hope our research highlights and puts forward research intersecting social media and entrepreneurship.


id: cord-288159-rzqlmgb1
author: Marin, Lavinia
date: 2020-08-26
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32868972/
doi: 10.1007/s10676-020-09550-2
title:
  Three contextual dimensions of information on social media: lessons learned from the COVID-19 infodemic

abstract:
  The COVID-19 pandemic has been accompanied on social media by an explosion of information disorders such as inaccurate, misleading and irrelevant information. Countermeasures adopted thus far to curb these informational disorders have had limited success because these did not account for the diversity of informational contexts on social media, focusing instead almost exclusively on curating the factual content of user’s posts. However, content-focused measures do not address the primary causes of the infodemic itself, namely the user’s need to post content as a way of making sense of the situation and for gathering reactions of consensus from friends. This paper describes three types of informational context—weak epistemic, strong normative and strong emotional—which have not yet been taken into account by current measures to curb down the informational disorders. I show how these contexts are related to the infodemic and I propose measures for dealing with them for future global crisis situations.


id: cord-288708-ys4apcvg
author: Emerson, Eric
date: 2020-08-05
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32843311/
doi: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2020.100965
title:
  Loneliness, Social Support, Social Isolation and Wellbeing among Working Age Adults with and without Disability: Cross sectional study

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Loneliness is significantly related to health and wellbeing. However, there is little information on the prevalence of loneliness among people with disability or the association between disability, loneliness and wellbeing. OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS: For a nationally representative sample of adults (age 16-64) with/without disability, to examine exposure to three indicators of low social connectedness (loneliness, low perceived social support, social isolation), and to evaluate the association between low social connectedness and wellbeing. To test whether disability status moderated the relationship between low social connectedness and wellbeing. METHODS: Secondary analysis of data from three annual rounds of the cross-sectional English Community Life Survey (CLS) 2016-19. RESULTS: People with disability experienced loneliness, low perceived social support and social isolation at significantly higher rates than people without disability. Effect sizes were significantly greater for loneliness. Disability was associated with lower wellbeing. With one exception, low social connectedness was associated with lower wellbeing. Again, effect sizes were significantly greater for loneliness. The prevalence of loneliness was highest among adults with disability who were younger, economically inactive, living in rented or other accommodation, living alone and with low levels of access to environmental assets. There was no evidence that disability status moderated the association between exposure to low social connectedness and low wellbeing. CONCLUSIONS: Loneliness was a particularly significant driver of poor wellbeing among people with disability. The relative independence between different indicators of social connectedness suggests that interventions to reduce loneliness will need to do more than simply increase rates of social contact or social support.


id: cord-290642-vlyingsf
title: Association of social distancing and masking with risk of COVID-19
author: Kwon, S.
date: 2020-11-13
url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.11.20229500v1?rss=1
doi: 10.1101/2020.11.11.20229500
abstract:
  Given the continued burden of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) across the U.S., there is a high unmet need for data to inform decision-making regarding social distancing and universal masking. We examined the association of community-level social distancing measures and individual masking with risk of predicted COVID-19 in a large prospective U.S. cohort study of 198,077 participants. Individuals living in communities with the greatest social distancing had a 31% lower risk of predicted COVID-19 compared with those living in communities with poor social distancing. Self-reported masking was associated with a 63% reduced risk of predicted COVID-19 even among individuals living in a community with poor social distancing. These findings provide support for the efficacy of mask-wearing even in settings of poor social distancing in reducing COVID-19 transmission. In the current environment of relaxed social distancing mandates and practices, universal masking may be particularly important in mitigating risk of infection.


id: cord-291596-lp5di10v
title: “Is compulsive social media use amid COVID-19 pandemic addictive behavior or coping mechanism?
author: Singh, Shweta
date: 2020-07-07
txt: ./txt/cord-291596-lp5di10v.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-291596-lp5di10v.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876201820304020?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102290
abstract: nan
summary:
  title: "Is compulsive social media use amid COVID-19 pandemic addictive behavior or coping mechanism? "Is compulsive social media use amid COVID-19 pandemic addictive behavior or coping mechanism? (a) "Does the current pattern of social media usage suggest a trend towards addictive behavior or has it become a coping mechanism to deal with current global crisis?" and (b) "What are the current and future implications of this trend on addictive behavior and mental health of people?". During current pandemic, like many other uncertainties, it is unclear whether this compulsive use of social media is just a ''phase'' and a coping mechanism or an indication of addictive behavior having mental health implications. Moreover, any research conducted on addictive behaviors in the current time should consider longitudinally the pre-present-post lockdown social media usage pattern and its mental health implications among individuals across all age groups.


id: cord-292721-954nxptr
title: The Role of Perceived Social Support on Depression and Sleep during the COVID-19 Pandemic
author: Grey, Ian
date: 2020-09-18
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0165178120331139
doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113452
abstract:
  The aim of the present study was to examine the role of perceived social support pertaining to a range of psychological health outcomes amongst individuals undergoing social isolation and social distancing during COVID-19. A total of 2,020 participants provided responses to an online cross-sectional survey comprised of validated instruments including the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), the nine item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Brief Irritability Test (BITe) and the UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLA-LS). Individuals experiencing self-isolation had significantly higher rates of depression, irritability and loneliness compared to those who were not. The risk for elevated levels of depression symptoms was 63% lower in individuals who reported higher levels of social support compared to those with low perceived social support. Similarly, those with high social support had a 52% lower risk of poor sleep quality compared to those with low social support. Social support was found to be significantly associated with elevated risk for depression and sleep quality. The results contribute to our understanding of differential psychological outcomes for individuals experiencing anti-pandemic measures.


id: cord-292774-k1zr9yrg
title: Post-publication promotion in rheumatology: a survey focusing on social media
author: Haldule, Saloni
date: 2020-09-13
txt: ./txt/cord-292774-k1zr9yrg.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-292774-k1zr9yrg.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32920728/
doi: 10.1007/s00296-020-04700-7
summary:
  Thus, we aimed at studying the acceptance, opinion, and willingness to participate in the creation of online social media educative material among authors of published self-articles in scholarly journals. The e-survey was designed on an online cloud-based website (Survey Monkey ® .com) with the intent to cover different aspects of social media editing, such as willingness for social media promotions of (2), means of promotion (4), ethics (3), logistics (3), preference for article metrics, publication models and pre-print archiving (2), current knowledge/use of social media for these purposes (4). Over two-thirds (74) said they would like their publication promoted on social media, ResearchGate (70) being the most preferred platform, followed by Twitter (40), Facebook (37), WhatsApp (35), Academia.edu (27) , and LinkedIn (26) . To conclude, authors in rheumatology journal support the use of social media for promotions of published scholarly literature, although this does not translate into practice.

abstract:
  The use of social media platforms (SMPs) in the field of scientific literature is a new and evolving realm. The past few years have seen many novel strategies to promote engagement of readers with articles. The aim of this study was to gauge the acceptance, opinion, and willingness to partake in the creation of online social media educative material among authors. We conducted a validated and anonymized cross-sectional e-survey with purposive sampling among authors of the Indian Journal of Rheumatology journal over a cloud-based platform (SurveyMonkey). Descriptive statistics are used and values expressed as the number of respondents (n) against each answer. Of 408 authors, 102 responded. We found that a large majority (74) supported promotions on SMPs. Visual abstracts (81) were the most preferred means for promotion. A reasonable proportion (54) of the authors held the view that they could make these materials for themselves, with little guidance. However, currently only a few (47) were doing so. Awareness on social media editors in rheumatology was dismal (4). Citations were the preferred metric of article visibility (95), followed by altmetrics (21). These findings suggest that authors support article promotions on SMPs, although most do not promote their articles. Graphical abstracts are the preferred means of promotions. Further, the opinion on logistics is divided, calling for larger studies to understand the factors that need to be addressed to bridge the gap.


id: cord-295786-cpuz08vl
title: Suicide Risk Assessment Using Machine Learning and Social Networks: a Scoping Review
author: Castillo-Sánchez, Gema
date: 2020-11-09
txt: ./txt/cord-295786-cpuz08vl.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-295786-cpuz08vl.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-020-01669-5
doi: 10.1007/s10916-020-01669-5
summary:
  This scoping review aims to identify the machine learning techniques used to predict suicide risk based on information posted on social networks. This scoping review aims to identify the current ML techniques used to predict suicide risk based on information posted on social networks. The authors have performed a systematic review to identify relevant papers that use suicide risk assessment models in social networks. To select the relevant studies on this topic, the authors defined the following inclusion criteria: & The studies include algorithms or models to estimate suicide risk using the social network. The research papers were excluded if they were not written in the English language, do not include a specific suicide intervention or do not report information regarding technical aspects of the model/algorithm used to detect suicide risk on social networks. The results of the application of artificial intelligence algorithms or models for suicide risk identification using data collected from social networks have been analyzed in this study.

abstract:
  According to the World Health Organization (WHO) report in 2016, around 800,000 of individuals have committed suicide. Moreover, suicide is the second cause of unnatural death in people between 15 and 29 years. This paper reviews state of the art on the literature concerning the use of machine learning methods for suicide detection on social networks. Consequently, the objectives, data collection techniques, development process and the validation metrics used for suicide detection on social networks are analyzed. The authors conducted a scoping review using the methodology proposed by Arksey and O’Malley et al. and the PRISMA protocol was adopted to select the relevant studies. This scoping review aims to identify the machine learning techniques used to predict suicide risk based on information posted on social networks. The databases used are PubMed, Science Direct, IEEE Xplore and Web of Science. In total, 50% of the included studies (8/16) report explicitly the use of data mining techniques for feature extraction, feature detection or entity identification. The most commonly reported method was the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (4/8, 50%), followed by Latent Dirichlet Analysis, Latent Semantic Analysis, and Word2vec (2/8, 25%). Non-negative Matrix Factorization and Principal Component Analysis were used only in one of the included studies (12.5%). In total, 3 out of 8 research papers (37.5%) combined more than one of those techniques. Supported Vector Machine was implemented in 10 out of the 16 included studies (62.5%). Finally, 75% of the analyzed studies implement machine learning-based models using Python. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10916-020-01669-5.


id: cord-295878-pd9elo4l
author: Luo, Wei
date: 2018-11-30
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0198971517303551
doi: 10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2018.06.008
title:
  A large-scale location-based social network to understanding the impact of human geo-social interaction patterns on vaccination strategies in an urbanized area

abstract:
  Abstract Cities play an important role in fostering and amplifying the transmission of airborne diseases (e.g., influenza) because of dense human contacts. Before an outbreak of airborne diseases within a city, how to determine an appropriate containment area for effective vaccination strategies is unknown. This research treats airborne disease spreads as geo-social interaction patterns, because viruses transmit among different groups of people over geographical locations through human interactions and population movement. Previous research argued that an appropriate scale identified through human geo-social interaction patterns can provide great potential for effective vaccination. However, little work has been done to examine the effectiveness of such vaccination at large scales (e.g., city) that are characterized by spatially heterogeneous population distribution and movement. This article therefore aims to understand the impact of geo-social interaction patterns on effective vaccination in the urbanized area of Portland, Oregon. To achieve this goal, we simulate influenza transmission on a large-scale location-based social network to 1) identify human geo-social interaction patterns for designing effective vaccination strategies, and 2) and evaluate the efficacy of different vaccination strategies according to the identified geo-social patterns. The simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of vaccination strategies based on geo-social interaction patterns in containing the epidemic outbreak at the source. This research can provide evidence to inform public health approaches to determine effective scales in the design of disease control strategies.


id: cord-296500-hrxj6tcv
author: Bunker, Deborah
date: 2020-08-04
txt: ./txt/cord-296500-hrxj6tcv.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-296500-hrxj6tcv.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0268401220311555
doi: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102201
summary:
  There have been many social and economic benefits to this digital disruption, but it has also largely contributed to the digital destruction of mental model alignment and shared situational awareness through the propagation of mis-information i.e. reinforcement of dissonant mental models by recommender algorithms, bots and trusted individual platform users (influencers). Some examples 9 of misinformation propagated during the current pandemic include: Dissonant mental models are reinforced by recommender algorithms (Lanzing, 2019 ), bots (McKenna, 2020 and trusted individual platform users or influencers (Enke & Borchers, 2019) resulting in alarming levels of digital destruction which is turn undermines social cohesion and creates a barrier to shared situational awareness and effective crisis response. When digital destruction produces mental model dissonance shared situational awareness between crisis management agencies and the general public becomes impossible to maintain and communicate (both to and from) due to inconsistencies in what constitutes reality and truth, making crisis response unmanageable.

title:
  Who do you trust? The digital destruction of shared situational awareness and the COVID-19 infodemic

abstract:
  Developments in centrally managed communications (e.g. Twitter, Facebook) and service (e.g. Uber, airbnb) platforms, search engines and data aggregation (e.g. Google) as well as data analytics and artificial intelligence, have created an era of digital disruption during the last decade. Individual user profiles are produced by platform providers to make money from tracking, predicting, exploiting and influencing their users’ decision preferences and behavior, while product and service providers transform their business models by targeting potential customers with more accuracy. There have been many social and economic benefits to this digital disruption, but it has also largely contributed to the digital destruction of mental model alignment and shared situational awareness through the propagation of mis-information i.e. reinforcement of dissonant mental models by recommender algorithms, bots and trusted individual platform users (influencers). To mitigate this process of digital destruction, new methods and approaches to the centralized management of these platforms are needed to build on and encourage trust in the actors that use them (and by association trust in their mental models). The global ‘infodemic’ resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020, highlights the current problem confronting the information system discipline and the urgency of finding workable solutions .


id: cord-297287-0i4nc353
author: Braun, Benjamin
date: 2020-09-10
txt: ./txt/cord-297287-0i4nc353.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-297287-0i4nc353.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32911518/
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238412
summary:
  Using agent-based simulations on small world networks, we observe phase transitions for epidemic spread related to: 1) Global social distancing with a fixed probability of adherence. Phase transitions and control measures for network epidemics self-isolate in response to one infected social contact) all the way up to 97% with low levels of any type of social distancing. Because our goal is to understand the behavior of phase transitions regarding total number of infections in our model, we conducted secondary simulations on a refined parameter space based on the results of our regression tree analysis. There is also a clear interaction between the social distance probability and viral shedding parameters and the resulting number of infected agents and the length of the epidemic. Social distancing controls in this model exhibit a phase transition regarding total number of infections, either when imposed globally or when based on individual response to infected contacts.

title:
  Simulating phase transitions and control measures for network epidemics caused by infections with presymptomatic, asymptomatic, and symptomatic stages

abstract:
  We investigate phase transitions associated with three control methods for epidemics on small world networks. Motivated by the behavior of SARS-CoV-2, we construct a theoretical SIR model of a virus that exhibits presymptomatic, asymptomatic, and symptomatic stages in two possible pathways. Using agent-based simulations on small world networks, we observe phase transitions for epidemic spread related to: 1) Global social distancing with a fixed probability of adherence. 2) Individually initiated social isolation when a threshold number of contacts are infected. 3) Viral shedding rate. The primary driver of total number of infections is the viral shedding rate, with probability of social distancing being the next critical factor. Individually initiated social isolation was effective when initiated in response to a single infected contact. For each of these control measures, the total number of infections exhibits a sharp phase transition as the strength of the measure is varied.


id: cord-298184-4o5ffk7y
author: Veleva, Vesela
date: 2020-10-14
txt: ./txt/cord-298184-4o5ffk7y.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-298184-4o5ffk7y.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124658
doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124658
summary:
  Based on the research findings the author proposes a new framework for the role of sustainable entrepreneurs as civic and political actors who not only offer innovative products and services, but help educate and influence key stakeholders, develop informal sustainability ecosystem, and thus create momentum for policy changes. This study aims to address some of these research gaps, by examining sustainable entrepreneurs'' business models, created impacts, current challenges and how they work with key stakeholders to overcome these and advance a shift to more SLs. This study is based on interviews with eight U.S.-based entrepreneurial companies focused on reducing material consumption and promoting SLs. The sustainable entrepreneurs in the study included Box Save, Fixit Clinic Newton, Food For Free, IRN Surplus, Joro, Preserve, Project Repat, and Semi-New Computers.

title:
  The Role of Entrepreneurs in Advancing Sustainable Lifestyles: Challenges, Impacts, and Future Opportunities

abstract:
  This paper examines the role of entrepreneurs in advancing sustainable lifestyles (SLs) to address climate change and social inequity. It is based on empirical study of eight U.S.-based sustainable entrepreneurs, focused on reducing material consumption. While business has a key role to play, many large companies are unwilling to promote SLs as this is contrary to their current business models which are focused on growing consumption and sales. This presents an opportunity for entrepreneurial companies with innovative business models who are passionate about sustainability and social impact, and better positioned to take risks and innovate. The research examined emerging business models for advancing SLs, key success factors and challenges reported by the entrepreneurs, the social and environmental impacts of their actions, and the future opportunities for scaling up such practices. The study found that entrepreneurs are well positioned to address simultaneously environmental and social issues, however, they lack resources to effectively measure these impacts to demonstrate an overall positive benefit and strengthen their value proposition. Promoting green attributes alone is not enough to change the behavior of most consumers. It is critically important to emphasize other benefits such as a product/service quality, time or cost savings, or social impact. Social media, formal and informal sustainability networks, IT, sustainability policies, and consumer awareness are key to developing viable business models and competitive strategies that are difficult to replicate. The study found that sustainable entrepreneurs often face “costly” sustainability actions and lack the power to change „the rules of the game“; for this they need to collaborate with other key stakeholders, including NGOs, policy makers, and progressive companies. Based on the research findings the author proposes a new framework for the role of sustainable entrepreneurs as civic and political actors who not only offer innovative products and services, but help educate and influence key stakeholders, develop informal sustainability ecosystem, and thus create momentum for policy changes.


id: cord-298890-i1q3n101
author: Xiao, Han
date: 2020-03-20
txt: ./txt/cord-298890-i1q3n101.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-298890-i1q3n101.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32194290/
doi: 10.12659/msm.923921
summary:
  CONCLUSION: During a period of individual self-isolation during the COVID-19 virus epidemic in central China, increased social capital improved sleep quality by reducing anxiety and stress. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of social capital on sleep quality and the mechanisms involved in people who self-isolated at home for 14 days in January 2020, during the COVID-19 epidemic in central China. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of social capital on sleep quality and the mechanisms involved in people who self-isolated at home for 14 days in January 2020, during the COVID-19 epidemic in central China. These findings showed that the social capital of the study participants who self-isolated during the COVID-19 epidemic improved sleep quality, which was reduced by anxiety and stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of social capital on sleep quality and the mechanisms involved in people who self-isolated at home for 14 days in January 2020 during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in central China.

title:
  Social Capital and Sleep Quality in Individuals Who Self-Isolated for 14 Days During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in January 2020 in China

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: From the end of December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) began to spread in central China. Social capital is a measure of social trust, belonging, and participation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of social capital on sleep quality and the mechanisms involved in people who self-isolated at home for 14 days in January 2020 during the COVID-19 epidemic in central China. METHODS: Individuals (n=170) who self-isolated at home for 14 days in central China, completed self-reported questionnaires on the third day of isolation. Individual social capital was assessed using the Personal Social Capital Scale 16 (PSCI-16) questionnaire. Anxiety was assessed using the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) questionnaire, stress was assessed using the Stanford Acute Stress Reaction (SASR) questionnaire, and sleep was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. Path analysis was performed to evaluate the relationships between a dependent variable (social capital) and two or more independent variables, using Pearson’s correlation analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM). RESULTS: Low levels of social capital were associated with increased levels of anxiety and stress, but increased levels of social capital were positively associated with increased quality of sleep. Anxiety was associated with stress and reduced sleep quality, and the combination of anxiety and stress reduced the positive effects of social capital on sleep quality. CONCLUSION: During a period of individual self-isolation during the COVID-19 virus epidemic in central China, increased social capital improved sleep quality by reducing anxiety and stress.


id: cord-299245-qirh1vud
title: Relaxing household liquidity constraints through social security()
author: Catherine, Sylvain
date: 2020-08-10
txt: ./txt/cord-299245-qirh1vud.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-299245-qirh1vud.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2020.104243
doi: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2020.104243
summary:
  Recent proposals suggest giving workers early access to a small portion of their future Social Security benefits to finance their consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic. We compute expected benefits by simulating workers'' earnings trajectories and then discount these benefits, accounting for the long-run correlation between Social Security and stock market returns. As Fig. 1 illustrates, Social Security benefits are relatively evenly distributed across the wealth distribution, whereas the value of retirement accounts and liquid savings is concentrated in the top decile. We use this measure to evaluate the efficiency of an early distribution of 1% of Social Security benefits and compare this policy to already enacted alternatives: allowing workers to tap retirement accounts without penalty, $1200 stimulus checks, and the extension of unemployment insurance by $600 per week. The goal of this paper is to provide an actuarial analysis of a proposal to decrease future Social Security benefits to fund consumption today and to quantify its effect on household liquidity.

abstract:
  More than a quarter of working-age households in the United States do not have sufficient savings to cover their expenditures after a month of unemployment. Recent proposals suggest giving workers early access to a small portion of their future Social Security benefits to finance their consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic. We empirically analyze their impact. Relying on data from the Survey of Consumer Finances, we build a measure of households' expected time to cash shortfall based on the incidence of COVID-induced unemployment. We show that access to 1% of future benefits allows 75% of households to maintain their current consumption for three months in case of unemployment. We then compare the efficacy of access to Social Security benefits to already legislated approaches, including early access to retirement accounts, stimulus relief checks, and expanded unemployment insurance.


id: cord-299833-f2q6di3t
title: Psychological Consequences of Social Isolation During COVID-19 Outbreak
author: Pietrabissa, Giada
date: 2020-09-09
url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02201
doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02201
abstract:
  Perceived social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic significantly has had an extraordinary global impact, with significant psychological consequences. Changes in our daily lives, feeling of loneliness, job losses, financial difficulty, and grief over the death of loved ones have the potential to affect the mental health of many. In an atmosphere of uncertainty, it is essential that clear and precise information is offered about the problem and how to manage it. In this contribution, a rationale is provided for an urgent call for a rapid response to the mental health impacts of COVID-19. Moreover, suggestions for individuals to regulate their emotions effectively and appropriately are provided.


id: cord-300541-5wea9w32
title: Social Protection as a Key Tool in Crisis Management: Learnt Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic
author: Abdoul-Azize, Hamidou Taffa
date: 2020-09-01
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32904786/
doi: 10.1007/s40609-020-00190-4
abstract:
  Worldwide, the social protection programs have become a key tool for policymakers. These programs are executed to achieve multiple objectives such as fighting poverty and hunger, and increasing the resilience of the poor and vulnerable groups towards various shocks. Recently, with the rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries started to implement social protection programs to eliminate the negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis and enhance community resilience. This study aims to explore the current implementation of social protection programs during the COVID-19 pandemic in the most affected countries as well as to provide learned lessons from countries that had not previously considered implementing social protection programs up until the COVID-19 crisis. This review was carried out by searching through WOS, Google Scholar, ILO, World Bank reports, and Aljazeera Television. The search was conducted over literature and systematic reviews on the implementation of social protection programs during previous pandemic crises and especially in the current COVID-19 pandemic. The findings revealed that social protection programs become a flexible and strategic tool to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the study highlighted a lack of comprehensive strategy amongst the countries in executing the social protection programs to respond to COVID-19. Finally, the study concluded with some learned lessons and implications for the practitioners and policymakers in managing future pandemics.


id: cord-300653-7ph0r10x
title: An Acute Manic Episode During 2019-nCoV Quarantine
author: Yin, Xiaowen
date: 2020-07-20
txt: ./txt/cord-300653-7ph0r10x.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-300653-7ph0r10x.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.112
doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.112
summary:
  CASE PRESENTATION: A 32-year-old woman with direct contact history with her infected colleagues showed elevated mood and increased activity when she was identified negative of nuclear acid amplification test, after experiencing extreme stress in quarantine. CONCLUSION: Quarantine is a major stressful event disrupting social zeitgebers for people who have had contact with infected individuals, especially for vulnerable individuals with a hypersensitive reward system. This model hypothesizes that vulnerability to affective disorders is the result of a hypersensitive reward system that reacts more strongly to external or internal goal-and reward-related life events, and an excessive reward state could be activated by positive goal-striving emotions such as hope and happiness, which in turn lead to a cluster of (hypo) manic psychomotor activation symptoms (Alloy et al., 2015) .This patient''s achievement of the goal of being COVID-negative, as an event involving goal attainment, may have triggered excessive responses and the onset of a mania episode. Quarantine is a major stressful event disrupting social zeitgebers for people who have had contact with infected individuals, especially for vulnerable individuals with a hypersensitive reward system.

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: The 2019-nCov pandemic is currently a stressor for the general public worldwide. In China, people who have a history of contact with infected or suspected individuals need to quarantine for at least 2 weeks. Many people experienced anxiety, panic and depression in the quarantine period. However, acute manic episode triggered by stressful events is not common and was neglected. CASE PRESENTATION: A 32-year-old woman with direct contact history with her infected colleagues showed elevated mood and increased activity when she was identified negative of nuclear acid amplification test, after experiencing extreme stress in quarantine. She was diagnosed with acute manic episode finally. The social zeitgeber and reward hypersensitivity theoretical models have attempted to use psychobiological perspectives to determine why life stress can trigger a mood episode, including (hypo)mania. Besides, the temporal correlation between her somatic symptoms and psychological stimuli indicated a possibility of functional disturbance under acute stress. CONCLUSION: Quarantine is a major stressful event disrupting social zeitgebers for people who have had contact with infected individuals, especially for vulnerable individuals with a hypersensitive reward system. Stress could act as a trigger in the onset of manic episode, so psychological support should be more targeted at the vulnerable individuals in the initial phase of emergent crisis.


id: cord-302431-13hperkz
title: For us, COVID‐19 is personal
author: Blanchard, Janice
date: 2020-05-17
url: https://doi.org/10.1111/acem.14016
doi: 10.1111/acem.14016
abstract:
  We are colleagues and friends working together in busy emergency departments in Washington DC. As Black physicians working in urban America, we do not find the recent deluge of news reports chronicling the disproportionate effect that the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic is having on the disenfranchised and minority populations in our country shocking. We have long been witness to and are in a constant state of alarm over the legal, medical, educational, social and economic inequities faced by the most vulnerable residents of this country.


id: cord-302708-wt86pp4l
author: Bonell, Chris
date: 2020-08-01
txt: ./txt/cord-302708-wt86pp4l.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-302708-wt86pp4l.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2020-214290
doi: 10.1136/jech-2020-214290
abstract: nan
summary:
  title: Harnessing behavioural science in public health campaigns to maintain ''social distancing'' in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: key principles As a group of behavioural and social scientists who have shared their advice with government through the UK''s Government Office for Science, we have collaborated to develop a series of principles to inform interventions to promote whole population adherence to social distancing measures. Messages promoting care for others are rooted in the psychology of social identity, 12 social influence 13 and moral behaviour, 14 with evidence of benefits in the COVID-19 and other health contexts. 17 18 In communicating such messages, it is important to recognise variation across population groups, for example by age, socio-economic status and ethnic group, in terms of what is given up when adhering to social distancing, 19 which might inform segmented communication and enablement strategies (see principle 8 below).

title:
  Harnessing behavioural science in public health campaigns to maintain ‘social distancing’ in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: key principles


id: cord-303165-ikepr2p2
title: Expanding the Concept of Public Health
author: Tulchinsky, Theodore H.
date: 2014-10-10
txt: ./txt/cord-303165-ikepr2p2.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-303165-ikepr2p2.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124157668000021
doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415766-8.00002-1
summary:
  It also demands special attention through health promotion activities of all kinds at national and local societal levels to provide access for groups with special risks and needs to medical and community health care with the currently available and newly developing knowledge and technologies. 5. Environmental, biological, occupational, social, and economic factors that endanger health and human life, addressing: (a) physical and mental illness, diseases and infirmity, trauma and injuries (b) local and global sanitation and environmental ecology (c) healthful nutrition and food security including availability, quality, safety, access, and affordability of food products (d) disasters, natural and human-made, including war, terrorism, and genocide (e) population groups at special risk and with specific health needs. It acts to improve health and social welfare, and to reduce specific determinants of diseases and risk factors that adversely affect the health, well-being, and productive capacities of an individual or society, setting targets based on the size of the problem but also the feasibility of successful intervention, in a cost-effective way.

abstract:
  Ancient societies recognized the needs of sanitation, food safety, workers’ health, and medical care to protect against disease and to promote well-being and civic prosperity. New energies and knowledge since the eighteenth century produced landmark discoveries such as prevention of scurvy and vaccination against smallpox. The biological germ theory and competing miasma theory each proved effective in sanitation, and immunization in control of infectious diseases. Non-communicable diseases as the leading causes of mortality have responded to innovative preventive care of health risk factors, smoking, hypertension, obesity, physical inactivity, unhealthful diets, and diabetes mellitus. Health promotion proved effective to modern public health in tackling disease origins, individual behavior, and social and economic conditions. The global burden of infectious and non-communicable diseases, aging and chronic illness faces rising costs and still inadequate prevention. The evolution of concepts of public health will have to address these new challenges of population health.


id: cord-307292-de4lbc24
author: Rosenberg, Hananel
date: 2020-08-17
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32836606/
doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105365
title:
  OMG, R U OK? [Image: see text]: Using Social Media to Form Therapeutic Relationships with Youth at Risk

abstract:
  The rising of social media has opened new opportunities for forming therapeutic relationships with youth at risk who have little faith in institutionalized interventions. The goal of this study is to examine whether and how youth care workers utilize social media communications for reaching out to detached adolescents and providing them emotional support. Qualitative in-depth interviews (N=17) were conducted with counselors, social workers, and clinical psychologists who work with youth at risk. A thematic analysis of the interviews revealed three principal psychosocial usages of social media: (1) Reaching out and maintaining reciprocal and meaningful therapeutic relationships with youth at risk over time; (2) Identifying risks and emotional distress; and (3) “stepping in” and providing psychosocial assistance, when needed. These beneficial practices are made possible through the high accessibility and the sense of secured mediation that characterize social media communication and that complement the psychosocial needs of youth at risk. Alongside these advantages, the analysis yielded several significant challenges in social media therapeutic relationships, including privacy dilemmas and blurring of authority and boundaries. Given that social media communication is a relatively new phenomenon, the applied psychosocial practices are shaped through a process of trial and error, intuitive decisions, and peer learning. Although the main conclusion from this study supports the notion that the advantages of social media therapeutic relationships with youth at risk outweigh their problematic aspects, future research is recommended to establish clear guidelines for youth caregivers who wish to integrate the new media in their daily psychosocial work.


id: cord-307915-mmw5s981
title: Robotic Pet Use Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults
author: Hudson, Janella
date: 2020-08-13
url: https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaa119
doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa119
abstract:
  OBJECTIVE: The primary purpose of this study was to explore the efficacy of robotic pets in alleviating loneliness for older adults. METHOD: Self-reported lonely individuals with AARP Medicare Supplement plans insured by UnitedHealthcare who participated in a program with a robotic pet (n = 20) were recruited to participate in semi-structured interviews. Participants were asked to provide feedback about their experiences interacting with a robotic pet, their perceptions about the potential impact on loneliness, and recommendations for improving the program. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Participants’ responses were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Constant comparison and consensus-gaining processes were used to develop categories that later formed representative themes. RESULTS: Seven themes emerged from analysis: Openness to Adoption of Robotic Pet, Reactions to Pet and its Attributes, Integration of Pet in Daily Life, Strategic Utilization and Forging New Connections, Deriving Comfort and Camaraderie, Advice for Future Users, and Recommendations for Enhancing Ownership Experience. Participants living alone, with fewer social connections and less active lifestyles, derived the most benefit from interacting with their pets. Common responses to pets included cuddling, petting, grooming, and sleeping with them. Some shared or loaned their pets, while others refused to loan their pets to interested peers. Most reported showing their pets to others, which helped some facilitate communication and social connections. CONCLUSION: Robotic pets may be an effective solution for alleviating loneliness in older adults, especially among those who live alone, have fewer social connections, and live less active lifestyles.


id: cord-308249-es948mux
author: Dokuka, Sofia
date: 2020-07-27
url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236737
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236737
title:
  How academic achievement spreads: The role of distinct social networks in academic performance diffusion

abstract:
  Behavior diffusion through social networks is a key social process. It may be guided by various factors such as network topology, type of propagated behavior, and the strength of network connections. In this paper, we claim that the type of social interactions is also an important ingredient of behavioral diffusion. We examine the spread of academic achievements of first-year undergraduate students through friendship and study assistance networks, applying stochastic actor-oriented modeling. We show that informal social connections transmit performance while instrumental connections do not. The results highlight the importance of friendship in educational environments and contribute to debates on the behavior spread in social networks.


id: cord-308271-zzepl3on
title: COVID-19: risk accumulation among biologically and socially vulnerable older populations
author: Calderón-Larrañaga, Amaia
date: 2020-08-17
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568163720302841?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101149
abstract:
  Emerging data show that the health and economic impacts of COVID-19 are being disproportionately borne by individuals who are not only biologically, but also socially vulnerable. Based on preliminary data from Sweden and other reports, in this paper we propose a conceptual framework whereby different factors related to biological and social vulnerability may explain the specific COVID-19 burden among older people. There is already some evidence showing large social disparities in the prevention, treatment, prognosis and/or long-term consequences of COVID-19. The remaining question is to what extent these affect older adults specifically. We provide the rationale to address this question with scientific methods and proper study designs, where the interplay between individuals’ biomedical status and their social environment is the focus. Only through interdisciplinary research integrating biological, clinical and social data will we be able to provide new insights into the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and inform actions aimed at reducing older adults’ vulnerability to COVID-19 or other similar pandemics in the future.


id: cord-309071-y11if8sa
author: Berg-Weger, Marla
date: 2020-04-14
txt: ./txt/cord-309071-y11if8sa.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-309071-y11if8sa.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32346678/
doi: 10.1007/s12603-020-1366-8
abstract: nan
summary:
  While issues of loneliness and social isolation can often be overlooked by health and social service professionals, the COVID-19 pandemic has focused increased attention on social isolation and loneliness for all ages, particularly older adults as the most vulnerable, at-risk segment of the population. Social workers and other health professionals are learning from this crisis: • Assessing loneliness and social isolation-Because providers seldom ask about these experiences, having tools that can be easily and quickly administered to determine if the older adult is lonely or socially isolated is critical. While the COVID-19 pandemic has forced the world to change the way in which we live, let us as scholars view it as an opportunity to assess our responses, identify lessons learned, and develop strategies and approaches to address loneliness and social isolation among older adults.

title:
  Loneliness and Social Isolation in Older Adults During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Implications for Gerontological Social Work


id: cord-309161-ceahghs1
title: The geroscience agenda: What does stress have to do with it?
author: Epel, Elissa S.
date: 2020-09-28
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1568163720303020
doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101167
abstract:
  Geroscience offers a counterpoint to the challenged pursuit of curing diseases of aging by focusing on slowing the biological aging process for extended healthspan earlier in life. Remarkable progress has led this field toward animal trials and the next challenge lies with translation to humans. There is an emerging number of small human trials that can take advantage of new models integrating behavioral and social factors. Understanding dynamic aging mechanisms, given the powerful social determinants of aging (Crimmins, 2019) and human variability and environmental contexts (Moffitt, 2019), will be critical. Behavioral and social factors are intrinsic to aging. Toxic stressors broadly defined can lead to stress-acceleration of aging, either directly impacting aging processes or by shaping poor behavioral health, and underlie the socioeconomic disparities of aging. In contrast, hormetic stressors, acute intermittent stressors of moderate intensity, can produce stress resilience, the ability for quick recovery and possibly rejuvenation of cells and tissues. Although health research usually examines static biomarkers, aging is reflected in ability to recover from challenges pointing to new interventions and targets for examining mechanisms. A fuller model incorporating stress resilience provides innovative biobehavioral interventions, both for bolstering response to challenges, such as COVID-19, and for improving healthspan.


id: cord-310245-r1fd2kqh
author: Lin, Chung-Ying
date: 2020-08-27
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2020.100345
doi: 10.1016/j.invent.2020.100345
title:
  Investigating mediated effects of fear of COVID-19 and COVID-19 misunderstanding in the association between problematic social media use, psychological distress, and insomnia

abstract:
  Introduction Due to the serious situation of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide, many countries have implemented policies to minimize the spread of COVID-19 infection. However, some of these policies prevent people from physical contact. Consequently, many individuals may rely on social media to obtain information concerning COVID-19. Unfortunately, social media use (especially problematic social media use) may give rise to psychological distress. Therefore, this study thus examined potential psychopathology to explain the association between problematic social media use, psychological distress, and insomnia. Methods Utilizing an online survey, a sample of Iranian young adults (n=1078 with 628 males; mean age=26.24 years [SD±7.41]) completed questions and psychometric scales concerning psychological distress, insomnia, problematic social media use, fear of COVID-19, and COVID-19 misunderstanding. Results Problematic social media use was significantly associated with psychological distress both directly and indirectly. The indirect effects were through fear of COVID-19 (unstandardized coefficient [B]=0.177; Bootstrapping SE=0.026) and COVID-19 misunderstanding (B=0.060; Bootstrapping SE=0.014). Problematic social media use was significantly associated with insomnia both directly and indirectly. The indirect effect was through fear of COVID-19 (B=0.062; Bootstrapping SE=0.019) but not COVID-19 misunderstanding (B=0.012; Bootstrapping SE=0.014). Discussion/Conclusion Due to the pressure of the COVID-19 outbreak, individuals are highly likely to develop psychological distress and insomnia. Apart from developing appropriate health policies to minimize the spread of COVID-19 infection, healthcare providers should design appropriate online campaigns to eliminate people’s fear of COVID-19 and to diminish misunderstanding concerning COVID-19.


id: cord-313591-hb3gqksg
author: Pek, Kalene
date: 2020-06-14
txt: ./txt/cord-313591-hb3gqksg.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-313591-hb3gqksg.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124239
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17124239
summary:
  Using available items from previous studies to derive a social frailty scale as guided by the Bunt social frailty theoretical framework, we aimed to examine the association of social frailty, independently of physical frailty, with salient outcomes of mood, nutrition, physical performance, physical activity, and life–space mobility. We therefore conducted this study to examine the independent association of social frailty with a comprehensive range of intermediary outcomes in a representative cohort of non-frail community-dwelling Asian older adults. Firstly, using validated items identified from prior Asian studies, we performed exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to derive a social frailty scale grounded in Bunt''s proposed conceptual framework. In the present study, using a theory-guided social frailty scale that is grounded in the Bunt conceptual framework, we build upon growing body of evidence about the paramount importance of social frailty by demonstrating the independent associations of SPF and SF with mood, nutrition, physical performance, and physical activity in non-frail community-dwelling older adults.

title:
  Social Frailty Is Independently Associated with Mood, Nutrition, Physical Performance, and Physical Activity: Insights from a Theory-Guided Approach

abstract:
  Notwithstanding the increasing body of evidence that links social determinants to health outcomes, social frailty is arguably the least explored among the various dimensions of frailty. Using available items from previous studies to derive a social frailty scale as guided by the Bunt social frailty theoretical framework, we aimed to examine the association of social frailty, independently of physical frailty, with salient outcomes of mood, nutrition, physical performance, physical activity, and life–space mobility. We studied 229 community-dwelling older adults (mean age 67.22 years; 72.6% females) who were non-frail (defined by the FRAIL criteria). Using exploratory factor analysis, the resultant 8-item Social Frailty Scale (SFS-8) yielded a three-factor structure comprising social resources, social activities and financial resource, and social need fulfilment (score range: 0–8 points). Social non-frailty (SNF), social pre-frailty (SPF), and social frailty (SF) were defined based on optimal cutoffs, with corresponding prevalence of 63.8%, 28.8%, and 7.4%, respectively. In logistic regression adjusted for significant covariates and physical frailty (Modified Fried criteria), there is an association of SPF with poor physical performance and low physical activity (odds ratio, OR range: 3.10 to 6.22), and SF with depressive symptoms, malnutrition risk, poor physical performance, and low physical activity (OR range: 3.58 to 13.97) compared to SNF. There was no significant association of SPF or SF with life–space mobility. In summary, through a theory-guided approach, our study demonstrates the independent association of social frailty with a comprehensive range of intermediary health outcomes in more robust older adults. A holistic preventative approach to frailty should include upstream interventions that target social frailty to address social gradient and inequalities.


id: cord-314779-f5nvspcg
title: East of nature. Accounting for the environments of social sciences
author: Roth, Steffen
date: 2020-06-07
txt: ./txt/cord-314779-f5nvspcg.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-314779-f5nvspcg.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0921800919321172
doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106734
summary:
  1) While the latter focus has early been complemented by or extended to a social systems perspective, the primary goal of ecological economics (EE) has always remained the "sustainable wellbeing of both humans and the rest of nature" (Costanza, 2020, p. Hence, the "recognition that the economy is embedded within society, which is embedded within the rest of nature" (ibid.) is widespread; and even if some reservation might apply to the implication that economy and society belong to the realm of nature, the convention to define sustainability along an economic, social, and ecological or environmental dimension (Basiago, 1995; European Commission, 2001 ) is well-established and has gained particular prominence under the "triple bottom line" label (Elkington, 1994 (Elkington, , 1998 Mauerhofer, 2008; Ahi et al., 2018; Vatn, 2020 ) (see Fig. 1 ).

abstract:
  At the core of ecological economics is the image of the economy as an open system embedded in the natural environment whose carrying capacity is limited. The present paper revisits this image by drawing upon the constructivist implications of Luhmann's social systems theory. To Luhmann, the modern society consists of a multitude of social systems each bringing forth and observing their own environments. If the Luhmannian vision is accepted, then ecological economics can be said to privilege the observational perspective of natural sciences. The unfortunate consequence of this privileging is the underestimation of a broad range of multidimensional sustainability risks which are foregrounded by the numerous alternative observational perspectives which are just as legitimate. It is argued that, rather than relativizing the sustainability concerns of the modern ecological economics, the Luhmannian perspective generalizes and radicalizes them. In doing so, the latter perspective opens new possibilities not only for navigating these risks but also for envisioning new resources and solutions.


id: cord-315126-713k0b9u
author: Rudolph, Cort W.
date: 2020-09-04
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-020-09715-2
doi: 10.1007/s10869-020-09715-2
title:
  Generations and Generational Differences: Debunking Myths in Organizational Science and Practice and Paving New Paths Forward

abstract:
  Talk about generations is everywhere and particularly so in organizational science and practice. Recognizing and exploring the ubiquity of generations is important, especially because evidence for their existence is, at best, scant. In this article, we aim to achieve two goals that are targeted at answering the broad question: “What accounts for the ubiquity of generations despite a lack of evidence for their existence and impact?” First, we explore and “bust” ten common myths about the science and practice of generations and generational differences. Second, with these debunked myths as a backdrop, we focus on two alternative and complementary frameworks—the social constructionist perspective and the lifespan development perspective—with promise for changing the way we think about age, aging, and generations at work. We argue that the social constructionist perspective offers important opportunities for understanding the persistence and pervasiveness of generations and that, as an alternative to studying generations, the lifespan perspective represents a better model for understanding how age operates and development unfolds at work. Overall, we urge stakeholders in organizational science and practice (e.g., students, researchers, consultants, managers) to adopt more nuanced perspectives grounded in these models, rather than a generational perspective, to understand the influence of age and aging at work.


id: cord-317900-05y9re12
title: Geographies of uncertainty
author: Senanayake, Nari
date: 2020-08-14
txt: ./txt/cord-317900-05y9re12.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-317900-05y9re12.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32836330/
doi: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2020.07.016
summary:
  Specifically, we discuss how geographers engage with uncertainties produced through and reconfigured by some of the most formidable issues of our contemporary moment, including neoliberal transformation, disease and illness, resource conflict, global climate change, and ongoing struggles around knowledge, power, and justice. In conversation with debates in cognate fields, this special issue brings together contributions that grapple with uncertainty through key geographic concepts such as scale, power, spatiality, place, and human-environment relations. Attending to the ways that uncertainty is experienced as a spatiotemporal condition, and how it frequently compounds across scales of knowledge production, enables the special issue''s contributors to demonstrate how forms of incertitude work through geographic relationships. In doing so, this special issue develops a critical human geography of uncertainty, which not only articulates how the concept is useful for geographers, but also, argues that geography can enrich existing transdisciplinary work on the subject with its perspectives on scale, spatiality, power, place, and human-environment relations.

abstract:
  Abstract The question of uncertainty has generated substantial critical engagements across the social sciences. While much of this literature falls within the domains of anthropology, science studies, and sociology, this short introductory paper highlights how geographical scholarship can also enrich emerging transdisciplinary debates on uncertainty. Specifically, we discuss how geographers engage with uncertainties produced through and reconfigured by some of the most formidable issues of our contemporary moment, including neoliberal transformation, disease and illness, resource conflict, global climate change, and ongoing struggles around knowledge, power, and justice. In conversation with debates in cognate fields, this special issue brings together contributions that grapple with uncertainty through key geographic concepts such as scale, power, spatiality, place, and human-environment relations. This work extends scholarly understanding of howuncertaintyarises, is stabilized, and also how people navigate, experience, challenge, and rationalizeuncertaintyin everyday life. In doing so, we signal the immense potential offered by emerging intersections between human geography and broader critical social science interventions on the question of uncertainty.


id: cord-318861-6ffgg005
title: Social media and COVID‐19: Can social distancing be quantified without measuring human movements?
author: Anderson, Mackenzie
date: 2020-10-22
txt: ./txt/cord-318861-6ffgg005.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-318861-6ffgg005.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33173828/
doi: 10.1002/pra2.378
summary:
  This study proposes a new method based on utilizing the frequency of hashtags supporting and encouraging social distancing for measuring social distancing. This study proposes a new method based on utilizing the frequency of hashtags supporting and encouraging social distancing for measuring social distancing. Some companies and institutes such as Google have proposed methods to quantify social distancing based on measuring distances and movements. While the current methods are based on measuring human movements, this study proposes a new method based on utilizing the frequency of tweets supporting and encouraging social distancing for measuring social distancing. The method is based on the idea of measuring the frequency of tweets supporting and encouraging social distancing. This study proposed a cost and time effective approach to measure social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Social media and COVID-19: Can social distancing be quantified without measuring human movements?

abstract:
  The COVID‐19 outbreak has posed significant threats to international health and the economy. In the absence of treatment for this virus, public health officials asked the public to practice social distancing to reduce the number of physical contacts. However, quantifying social distancing is a challenging task and current methods are based on human movements. We propose a time and cost‐effective approach to measure how people practice social distancing. This study proposes a new method based on utilizing the frequency of hashtags supporting and encouraging social distancing for measuring social distancing. We have identified 18 related hashtags and tracked their trends between Jan and May 2020. Our evaluation results show that there is a strong correlation (p < .05) between our findings and the Google social distancing report.


id: cord-320147-29a7njqi
author: Mendes, Luís
date: 2020-06-23
txt: ./txt/cord-320147-29a7njqi.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-320147-29a7njqi.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1111/tesg.12450
doi: 10.1111/tesg.12450
summary:
  The dynamics of social protest, demands and pre-COVID urban struggles are now essential in order to capitalise on collective learning, the social capital of the networks created and the impact they have had on placing the issue of the right to housing on the public and political agenda, in the last years (Mayer 2010; Colomb & Novy 2016; Sequera & Nofre 2018) . The second part addresses the new spaces of contestation created by anti-evictions urban social movements in pre-COVID period in Lisbon, namely, their characteristics and organisational forms, assessing the political potential for reversing the current situation of housing crisis. In this context and focusing specifically on the Portuguese case, the resurgence of popular protest and new urban social movements not only continued to be primarily associated to the anti-austerity ideology, as gave a new impetus to collective action in the field of struggles for the right to housing and the city.

title:
  How Can We Quarantine Without a Home? Responses of Activism and Urban Social Movements in Times of COVID‐19 Pandemic Crisis in Lisbon

abstract:
  In Lisbon, during the COVID‐19 pandemic period, new spaces for contestation and the action of urban social movements intensified, capitalising on the visibility for the right to housing, as a basic human right and an unconditional public health imperative, to fulfil the duties of lockdown and social isolation, imposed by the State of Exception. Its narrative and strategies reinforces the counter‐hegemonic movement that denounces the logics of commodification and financialisation in the housing sector, placing hope in a post‐capitalist transition in the post‐COVID horizon. We conclude that the actors in this urban struggle have limited power over the changes they initiate, or make an effort to inflict, if they are not involved in a concerted and politically integrated action, not least because the achievements they obtain are temporary and exceptional, like the state of emergency imposed by COVID‐19.


id: cord-321642-efv9ovx9
title: On order and disorder during the COVID‐19 pandemic
author: Reicher, Stephen
date: 2020-07-01
txt: ./txt/cord-321642-efv9ovx9.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-321642-efv9ovx9.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32609398/
doi: 10.1111/bjso.12398
summary:
  Using examples from different countries (principally the United Kingdom, the United States, and France), we first isolate three factors which determine whether people accept or reject control measures. This work puts flesh on John Turner''s suggestion that the procedural justice framework ''points to a whole range of other factors relevant to identification with authorities and acceptance of their control as an ingroup norm (e.g. the ideology and goals of group members, the social comparative context, their history of success or failure for the group, the degree to which the authorities are perceived as more or less prototypical of the relevant identity) '' (2005, p. Echoing Turner, we suggest that, in addition to leadership and procedural justice, historical and structural context is a third antecedent of shared in-group identity and hence of adherence to authority. Let us turn next to the question of ''disorder'' and more specifically to protests against government social distancing measures and to anti-authority rioting in the context of the pandemic.

abstract:
  In this paper, we analyse the conditions under which the COVID‐19 pandemic will lead either to social order (adherence to measures put in place by authorities to control the pandemic) or to social disorder (resistance to such measures and the emergence of open conflict). Using examples from different countries (principally the United Kingdom, the United States, and France), we first isolate three factors which determine whether people accept or reject control measures. These are the historical context of state‐public relations, the nature of leadership during the pandemic and procedural justice in the development and operation of these measures. Second, we analyse the way the crisis is policed and how forms of policing determine whether dissent will escalate into open conflict. We conclude by considering the prospects for order/disorder as the pandemic unfolds.


id: cord-321705-6a7avlro
author: Hou, Tianya
date: 2020-05-29
txt: ./txt/cord-321705-6a7avlro.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-321705-6a7avlro.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32470007/
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233831
summary:
  The current study examined the effect of social support on mental health of health care workers and its underlying mechanisms regarding the mediating role of resilience and moderating role of age during the epidemic. METHODS: Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), Connor-Davidson Resilience scale (CD-RISC) and Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) were administrated among 1472 health care workers from Jiangsu Province, China during the peak period of COVID-19 outbreak. Thus, the present research employed a sample of Chinese health care workers during COVID-19 outbreak to explore a conceptual model in which, on the one hand, resilience mediated the association between social support and mental health; On the other hand, the indirect relationships between social support and mental health via resilience were moderated by age group. Considering the present study was to compare the indirect effect of social support on mental health via resilience between the young and middle-aged heath care workers, participants aged 50 or over were excluded.

title:
  Social support and mental health among health care workers during Coronavirus Disease 2019 outbreak: A moderated mediation model

abstract:
  PURPOSES: During the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) all over the world, the mental health conditions of health care workers are of great importance to ensure the efficiency of rescue operations. The current study examined the effect of social support on mental health of health care workers and its underlying mechanisms regarding the mediating role of resilience and moderating role of age during the epidemic. METHODS: Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), Connor-Davidson Resilience scale (CD-RISC) and Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) were administrated among 1472 health care workers from Jiangsu Province, China during the peak period of COVID-19 outbreak. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the mediation effect of resilience on the relation between social support and mental health, whereas moderated mediation analysis was performed by Hayes PROCESS macro. RESULTS: The findings showed that resilience could partially mediate the effect of social support on mental health among health care workers. Age group moderated the indirect relationship between social support and mental health via resilience. Specifically, compared with younger health care workers, the association between resilience and mental health would be attenuated in the middle-aged workers. CONCLUSIONS: The results add knowledge to previous literature by uncovering the underlying mechanisms between social support and mental health. The present study has profound implications for mental health services for health care workers during the peak period of COVID-19.


id: cord-322824-8xhypw8r
title: We need each other: Social supports during COVID 19
author: McKinley, Gerald Patrick
date: 2020-06-02
txt: ./txt/cord-322824-8xhypw8r.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-322824-8xhypw8r.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32836986/
doi: 10.1111/1469-8676.12828
abstract: nan
summary:
  What I see is an increased impact of stress because neither she nor I have physical and routine access to our full social support networks. My mother has always maintained an active social life, which provided support for her as she figured out life after the loss of her husband of 57 years and the realities of being a cancer patient. Academic me thinks about the stress buffering hypothesis developed by Cohen and Wills (1985) , which suggests that during time of stress we appraise the perceived support around us and, if we are satisfied that we have enough, we manage our stress. The main take away is that if you have active relationships where you feel supported, you are shielded from the impact of stress. COVID-19 has taken away the daily routines through which we interact with our social support networks, or friends and family. Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis


id: cord-324185-zt88o3co
author: Sovacool, Benjamin K.
date: 2020-10-31
txt: ./txt/cord-324185-zt88o3co.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-324185-zt88o3co.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101701
doi: 10.1016/j.erss.2020.101701
summary:
  Jefferson (this volume) [18] writes "In the run-up to the collapse of crude oil prices in early 2020 it was primarily a division between Russia and Saudi Arabia within OPEC which appeared to be the main force at work, but then the COVID-19 pandemic took over, followed by US oil prices turning negative in April 2020, as May contracts expired and traders had to offload stocks with ongoing storage becoming extremely limited." He further states that despite the stimulus and recovery packages being offered by many nations, "there will be many oil sectors incurring losses, from US shale oil and Canadian tar sands producers, to many standard crude oil exporters incurring problems with production equipment access and costs, or experiencing lack of competitiveness in key markets." Recent data from the International Energy Agency confirms this point, noting severe reductions in global demand for oil and natural gas (see Fig. 2 ).

title:
  Contextualizing the Covid-19 pandemic for a carbon-constrained world: Insights for sustainability transitions, energy justice, and research methodology

abstract:
  Abstract The global Covid-19 pandemic has rapidly overwhelmed our societies, shocked the global economy and overburdened struggling health care systems and other social institutions around the world. While such impacts of Covid-19 are becoming clearer, the implications of the disease for energy and climate policy are more prosaic. This Special Section seeks to offer more clarity on the emerging connections between Covid-19 and energy supply and demand, energy governance, future low-carbon transitions, social justice, and even the practice of research methodology. It features articles that ask, and answer: What are the known and anticipated impacts of Covid-19 on energy demand and climate change? How has the disease shaped institutional responses and varying energy policy frameworks, especially in Africa? How will the disease impact ongoing social practices, innovations and sustainability transitions, including not only renewable energy but also mobility? How might the disease, and social responses to it, exacerbate underlying patterns of energy poverty, energy vulnerability, and energy injustice? Lastly, what challenges and insights does the pandemic offer for the practice of research, and for future research methodology? We find that without careful guidance and consideration, the brave new age wrought by Covid-19 could very well collapse in on itself with bloated stimulus packages that counter sustainability goals, misaligned incentives that exacerbate climate change, the entrenchment of unsustainable practices, and acute and troubling consequences for vulnerable groups.


id: cord-325396-ot7pvexv
title: Income security in times of ill health: the next frontier for the SDGs
author: Lönnroth, Knut
date: 2020-06-15
txt: ./txt/cord-325396-ot7pvexv.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-325396-ot7pvexv.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002493
doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002493
abstract: nan
summary:
  Yet, while access to healthcare services is at the forefront of the 2030 Agenda through a dedicated Target on Universal Health Coverage (UHC), income security in case of ill health has limited visibility within the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and is underresearched, especially in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). In line with the nine branches of social security defined under the International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention No. 102, the World Social Protection Database provides information on whether the legal framework includes entitlements to income support in case of sickness and collects national-level data on effective coverage for this contingency. Income security in times of ill health has been part of social protection systems in many high-income countries (HIC) for over half a century, often longer than universal access to healthcare. They were models for comprehensive social health protection, including both access to healthcare without hardship and income security in times of sickness.


id: cord-328349-bg2zatzz
title: Loneliness and social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic
author: Hwang, Tzung-Jeng
date: 2020-05-26
txt: ./txt/cord-328349-bg2zatzz.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-328349-bg2zatzz.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32450943/
doi: 10.1017/s1041610220000988
summary:
  authors: Hwang, Tzung-Jeng; Rabheru, Kiran; Peisah, Carmelle; Reichman, William; Ikeda, Manabu At the same time, it is crucial to maintain social connections with each other, especially with older persons, to help cope and reduce the negative consequences of loneliness and social isolation. It is important to develop new strategies (e.g. virtual health care and new government policy) to address loneliness and social isolation among older adults for the post-pandemic era. However, there is a high cost associated with the essential quarantine and social distancing interventions for COVID-19, especially in older adults, who have experienced an acute, severe sense of social isolation and loneliness with potentially serious mental and physical health consequences. The impact may be disproportionately amplified in those with pre-existing mental illness, who are often suffering from loneliness and social isolation prior to the enhanced distancing from others imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic public health measures.

abstract:
  Loneliness and social isolation are associated with adverse physical and psychological consequences which are particularly prevalent in older persons. During this unprecedented time of the COVID-19 pandemic, we must follow social distancing guidelines to protect ourselves and to reduce the spread of coronavirus. At the same time, it is crucial to maintain social connections with each other, especially with older persons, to help cope and reduce the negative consequences of loneliness and social isolation. It is important to develop new strategies (e.g. virtual health care and new government policy) to address loneliness and social isolation among older adults for the post-pandemic era.


id: cord-328461-3r5vycnr
title: Infoveillance based on Social Sensors to Analyze the impact of Covid19 in South American Population
author: Chire Saire, J. E.
date: 2020-04-11
txt: ./txt/cord-328461-3r5vycnr.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-328461-3r5vycnr.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.06.20055749v1?rss=1
doi: 10.1101/2020.04.06.20055749
summary:
  The motivation of this work is analyze the capital of Spanish Speakers Countries in South America using a Text Mining Approach with Twitter as data source. Actually, there is hundreds of news around the world and dozens of papers about the coronavirus so to perform the queries is necessary to select the specific terms and consider the popular names over the population. By other hand, considering data from Table 1 , there is a strong relationship between Internet, Social Media and Mobile Connections in Argentina, Venezuela with the number of tweets and but a different context for Colombia, this insight show us the level of using in Bogota and says how the Internet Users are spread in other cities on Colombia. Infoveillance based on Social Sensors with data coming from Twitter can help to understand the trends on the population of the capitals.

abstract:
  Infoveillance is an application from Infodemiology field with the aim to monitor public health and create public policies. Social sensor is the people providing thought, ideas through electronic communication channels(i.e. Internet). The actual scenario is related to tackle the covid19 impact over the world, many countries have the infrastructure, scientists to help the growth and countries took actions to decrease the impact. South American countries have a different context about Economy, Health and Research, so Infoveillance can be a useful tool to monitor and improve the decisions and be more strategical. The motivation of this work is analyze the capital of Spanish Speakers Countries in South America using a Text Mining Approach with Twitter as data source. The preliminary results helps to understand what happens two weeks ago and opens the analysis from different perspectives i.e. Economics, Social.


id: cord-328992-gkzfqmfv
title: We Are All Victims: Questionable Content and Collective Victimisation in the Digital Age
author: Chang, Lennon Y. C.
date: 2020-10-06
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11417-020-09331-2
doi: 10.1007/s11417-020-09331-2
abstract:
  Traditionally, the idea of being a victim is associated with a crime, accident, trickery or being duped. With the advent of globalisation and rapid growth in the information technology sector, the world has opened itself to numerous vulnerabilities. These vulnerabilities range from individual-centric privacy issues to collective interests in the form of a nation’s political and economic interests. While we have victims who can identify themselves as victims, there are also victims who can barely identify themselves as victims, and there are those who do not realise that they have become victims. Misinformation, disinformation, fake news and other methods of spreading questionable content can be regarded as a new and increasingly widespread type of collective victimisation. This paper, drawing on recent examples from India, examines and analyses the rationale and modus operandi—both methods and types—that lead us to regard questionable content as a new form of collective victimisation.


id: cord-330228-plcdwazu
author: Gore, Dana
date: 2012-08-14
txt: ./txt/cord-330228-plcdwazu.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-330228-plcdwazu.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22889402/
doi: 10.1186/1475-9276-11-41
summary:
  An approach that effectively engages with the determinants has been suggested in Mikkonen and Raphael''s The Social Determinants of Health: The Canadian Facts, and includes policies that offer a higher minimum wage, higher assistance levels for those unable to work, a more progressive taxation structure that redistributes income more fairly, increased unionization, better funding of public education, government regulation of post-secondary institution tuition, stronger legislation on anti-discrimination policies and equal opportunity hiring, a national childcare strategy, strategies to increase the affordability of nutritious food, increased spending on a housing strategy, policies that reduce barriers for refugees and immigrants to practice their professions, and recognizing Aboriginal government authority over a wider range of Aboriginal affairs [3] . Structure-based: These initiatives directly acknowledge the impact of various structures (e.g. social, political, economic) that create inequities leading to chronic diseases and attempt to address the social determinants of health directly in order to improve healthy eating and active living.

title:
  Social determinants of health in Canada: Are healthy living initiatives there yet? A policy analysis

abstract:
  INTRODUCTION: Preventative strategies that focus on addressing the social determinants of health to improve healthy eating and physical activity have become an important strategy in British Columbia and Ontario for combating chronic diseases. What has not yet been examined is the extent to which healthy living initiatives implemented under these new policy frameworks successfully engage with and change the social determinants of health. METHODS: Initiatives active between January 1, 2006 and September 1, 2011 were found using provincial policy documents, web searches, health organization and government websites, and databases of initiatives that attempted to influence to nutrition and physical activity in order to prevent chronic diseases or improve overall health. Initiatives were reviewed, analyzed and grouped using the descriptive codes: lifestyle-based, environment-based or structure-based. Initiatives were also classified according to the mechanism by which they were administered: as direct programs (e.g. directly delivered), blueprints (or frameworks to tailor developed programs), and building blocks (resources to develop programs). RESULTS: 60 initiatives were identified in Ontario and 61 were identified in British Columbia. In British Columbia, 11.5% of initiatives were structure-based. In Ontario, of 60 provincial initiatives identified, 15% were structure-based. Ontario had a higher proportion of direct interventions than British Columbia for all intervention types. However, in both provinces, as the intervention became more upstream and attempted to target the social determinants of health more directly, the level of direct support for the intervention lessened. CONCLUSIONS: The paucity of initiatives in British Columbia and Ontario that address healthy eating and active living through action on the social determinants of health is problematic. In the context of Canada's increasingly neoliberal political and economic policy, the public health sector may face significant barriers to addressing upstream determinants in a meaningful way. If public health cannot directly affect broader societal conditions, interventions should be focused around advocacy and education about the social determinants of health. It is necessary that health be seen for what it is: a political matter. As such, the health sector needs to take a more political approach in finding solutions for health inequities.


id: cord-331331-xcfk4efo
author: Goldman, D.
date: 2020-05-06
url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.02.20084947
doi: 10.1101/2020.05.02.20084947
title:
  Voluntary Cyclical Distancing: A potential alternative to constant level mandatory social distancing, relying on an 'infection weather report'

abstract:
  COVID-19 has significantly changed our daily lives. Stay-at-home orders and forced closings of all non-essential businesses has had a significant impact on our economy. While it is important to ensure that the healthcare system is not overwhelmed, there are many questions that remain about the efficacy of extreme social distancing, and whether there are alternatives to mandatory lockdowns. This paper analyzes the utility of various levels of social distancing, and suggests an alternative approach using voluntary distancing informed by an infectious load index or 'infection weather report.'


id: cord-331766-sdbagsud
title: How surgeons should behave on social media
author: Kung, Janet WC.
date: 2020-08-30
txt: ./txt/cord-331766-sdbagsud.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-331766-sdbagsud.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mpsur.2020.07.014
doi: 10.1016/j.mpsur.2020.07.014
summary:
  With their many facilities and applications, social media platforms offer opportunities for patient resources and education, professional networking, research collaboration and dissemination, public engagement and policy discussions, and personal and professional support. As social media has become ubiquitous, it is critically important for surgeons, whether active enthusiastic users or passive apprehensive observers, to be aware of the potential risks and pitfalls and to take caution and control over their online presence. While there are definite positive aspects of social media, there are users whose online behaviour has a negative impact on their colleagues, the surgical community, and the medical profession as a whole. 12 Surgeons must also be aware that just because a visual abstract or content has been widely shared or retweeted on social media PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT SURGERY xxx:xxx platforms, it does not necessarily mean that it is of high quality. 3 All content posted on social media, regardless of whether it originates from a surgeon''s personal or professional account, should be regarded as visible to the public.

abstract:
  This article documents the rise in popularity of social media use by surgeons for personal and professional use. It considers some of the important issues around privacy, patient confidentiality and professionalism and discusses some of the common pitfalls of using social media as a surgeon.


id: cord-332432-q7u943k6
title: A paradigm shift for the Great Bifurcation
author: Hofkirchner, Wolfgang
date: 2020-06-30
txt: ./txt/cord-332432-q7u943k6.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-332432-q7u943k6.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystems.2020.104193
doi: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2020.104193
summary:
  Since global challenges are problems of unprecedented complexity, it is argued that a secular paradigm shift is required away from the overemphasis on allegedly neutral standpoints, on a mechanistic picture of the world and on deductive logics towards accounts of emergence, of systemicity, informationality and conviviality, building upon each other and providing together a transdisciplinary edifice of the sciences, in the end, for, and by the inclusion of, citizens. For such a lesson to learn, a secular shift in thinking and acting throughout sciences and everyday life is required because human actors need to be capacitated to cope with complex challenges such as the global problems. Referring to Michael Tomasello''s Shared Intentionality Hypothesis and his Interdependence Hypothesis (Tomasello et al., 2012; Tomasello, 2014; , there have been two key steps in anthroposociogenesis (the becoming of humans and society) so far and, following the new systemic, informational and convivialist paradigm, a possible third one is imminent.

abstract:
  This paper is an attempt to achieve an understanding of the situation the evolution of humanity is confronted with in the age of global challenges. Since global challenges are problems of unprecedented complexity, it is argued that a secular paradigm shift is required away from the overemphasis on allegedly neutral standpoints, on a mechanistic picture of the world and on deductive logics towards accounts of emergence, of systemicity, informationality and conviviality, building upon each other and providing together a transdisciplinary edifice of the sciences, in the end, for, and by the inclusion of, citizens. Viewed from such a combined perspective, the current social evolution is punctuated by a Great Bifurcation similar to bifurcations other emergent systems have been facing. On the one hand, humankind is on the brink of extinction. It is the world occurrence of the enclosure of commons that is detrimental to sharing the systemic synergy effects and thus to the cohesion of social systems. On the other hand, humanity is on the threshold of a planetary society. Another leap in integration would be the appropriate response to the complexity confronted with. Humans and their social systems are informational agents and, as such, they are able to generate requisite information and use it to catch up with the complex challenges. They can establish convivial rules of living together in that they disclose the commons world-wide. By doing so, they would accomplish another evolutionary step in anthroposociogenesis. The concept of the Global Sustainable Information Society describes the framework of necessary conditions of conviviality under the new circumstances.


id: cord-334178-3u7tyszd
author: Wang, Chun-yuan
date: 2020-06-30
txt: ./txt/cord-334178-3u7tyszd.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-334178-3u7tyszd.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092575352030059X
doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104662
summary:
  Articles 6 and 48 of this act regulate, respectively, the "establishment of an effective social mobilization mechanism by the nation" and "the people''s government … immediately organize relevant departments to mobilize emergency rescue teams and social forces." related to preventing, reducing, and relieving disasters; capacity building; community involvement; and international cooperation related to the resulting analysis (Ministry of Civil Affairs, 2016, accessed on 2017/12/10). The function is unclear, and there is a lack of institutional mechanisms for emergency management as well as a lack of efforts by the public, the media, volunteers, and NGOs. When it comes to the exchange and cooperation of external resources, there is a widespread phenomenon of mobilization and light coordination, and social organizations are slow to develop their ability to participate in disaster relief (Xue and Tao, 2013; Zhang et al., 2011; Zhang and Zhang, 2016) . From the discussion and analysis presented in this paper, we first find that the role and relationship among government, community, and civil society organizations in disaster management in China have indeed changed in the decade since the Wenchuan earthquake.

title:
  The building of social resilience in Sichuan after the Wenchuan earthquake: A perspective of the socio-government interactions

abstract:
  Abstract In November 2007, China implemented its Emergency Response Law to ensure national unified leadership and collaboration when responding to emergencies. In recent years, China’s main focuses for enhancing disaster management have included emergency preparation, emergency management, and legal system mechanisms. However, its well-designed management system faced a great challenge during the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008. By examining the literature on the development of disaster management, we realized that enhancing self-organization in communities can effectively resolve problems caused by collective actions and strengthen resilience to disasters. In the decade since the Wenchuan earthquake, the literature has focused more on empowering communities during disaster management in China. However, literature on the compatibility of social resilience and the government-dominant model in China is still scant. This study investigates China’s current disaster management system design; specifically, it identifies ways and methods for counteracting any conflicts between disaster management under social synergies and China’s emergency management system. It further explores what factors facilitate the balance between social synergies and the emergency management system if the two concepts were fused together. Using case studies, in-depth interviews, and a focus group in the field of public administration, this study collected qualitative data to understand the changes in China’s disaster management system since the Wenchuan earthquake as well as provide recommendations for future reform.


id: cord-334574-1gd9sz4z
title: Tweeting from the Bench: Twitter and the Physician-Scientist Benefits and Challenges
author: Little, Jessica S.
date: 2020-11-11
txt: ./txt/cord-334574-1gd9sz4z.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-334574-1gd9sz4z.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33179209/
doi: 10.1007/s11899-020-00601-5
summary:
  PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Social media platforms such as Twitter are increasingly utilized to interact, collaborate, and exchange information within the academic medicine community. However, as Twitter begins to become formally incorporated into professional meetings, educational activities, and even the consideration of academic promotion, it is critical to better understand both the benefits and challenges posed by this platform. And while in the past, missing a national or international conference may have led to loss of access to important new data, ideas, or opportunities for collaboration, now, as academic meetings are increasingly integrated with social media, physicians can watch presentations, participate in discussions, and network with other attendees remotely [1, 10, 11] . And while these meetings often cater to physicians and physicianscientists, journal clubs are typically open to any individual including patients, allowing improved public dissemination of new research advances.

abstract:
  PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Social media platforms such as Twitter are increasingly utilized to interact, collaborate, and exchange information within the academic medicine community. However, as Twitter begins to become formally incorporated into professional meetings, educational activities, and even the consideration of academic promotion, it is critical to better understand both the benefits and challenges posed by this platform. RECENT FINDINGS: Twitter use is rising amongst healthcare providers nationally and internationally, including in the field of hematology and oncology. Participation on Twitter at national conferences such as the annual meetings of American Society of Hematology (ASH) and American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) has steadily increased over recent years. Tweeting can be used advantageously to cultivate opportunities for networking or collaboration, promote one’s research and increase access to other’s research, and provide efficient means of learning and educating. However, given the novelty of this platform and little formal training on its use, concerns regarding patient privacy, professionalism, and equity must be considered. SUMMARY: These new technologies present unique opportunities for career development, networking, research advancement, and efficient learning. From “tweet ups” to Twitter journal clubs, physician-scientists are quickly learning how to capitalize on the opportunities that this medium offers. Yet caution must be exercised to ensure that the information exchanged is valid and true, that professionalism is maintained, that patient privacy is protected, and that this platform does not reinforce preexisting structural inequalities.


id: cord-335658-7mkj518c
title: Bridging the rural–urban divide in social innovation transfer: the role of values
author: Chowdhury, Imran
date: 2020-10-05
txt: ./txt/cord-335658-7mkj518c.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-335658-7mkj518c.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-020-10132-7
doi: 10.1007/s10460-020-10132-7
summary:
  In focusing on factors which influence the transfer of a social innovation from a dense, population-rich setting to one where beneficiaries are geographically dispersed and the costs of service delivery are correspondingly elevated, this article helps to develop a better understanding of the ways in which organizations manage relationships with partners that have different logics. Evidence from this case study suggests that institutional bricolage may serve as potent force in driving innovation transfer, and that the process of re-combining available resources can be facilitated by the extent to which the values between partner social enterprises are aligned. I worked between interviews, field notes, company documents, archival records, and relevant literature to develop themes and codes in order to categorize findings related to the management of partnerships by social enterprises, including the impact of institutional logics and their alignment (or non-alignment) on organizational processes.

abstract:
  This study examines the process of knowledge transfer between a pair of social enterprises, organizations that are embedded in competing social and economic logics. Drawing on a longitudinal case study of the interaction between social enterprises operating in emerging economy settings, it uncovers factors which influence the transfer of a social innovation from a dense, population-rich setting to one where beneficiaries are geographically dispersed and the costs of service delivery are correspondingly elevated. Evidence from the case study suggests that institutional bricolage—the crafting of improvised solutions in resource-constrained settings—can serve as potent driving force in driving innovation transfer, and that this process of re-combining available resources may be facilitated by the extent to which the values between partner social enterprises are aligned. With such alignment, social enterprise partners may be able to increase trust, develop a smoother knowledge-transfer process, and find practical solutions which facilitate the transfer of life-enhancing social innovations to neglected rural settings.


id: cord-337606-x7v26xrj
title: The risks of social distancing for older adults: a call to balance
author: Vernooij-Dassen, Myrra
date: 2020-06-24
txt: ./txt/cord-337606-x7v26xrj.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-337606-x7v26xrj.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32576306/
doi: 10.1017/s1041610220001350
abstract: nan
summary:
  While social distancing can protect and save lives, its deleterious effects on older individuals need also to be recognized and minimized in order to preserve their quality of life to the extent possible. Social distancing deprives older adults from direct interaction with their social environment and thereby disturbs the potential of social health to preserve their quality of life. The social capacities of older adults and the response of their social environment are powerful means to adapt to challenging situation such as a pandemic by social interactions stimulating mental health and cognitive functioning. However, being disconnected from loved ones and people giving pleasure and meaning to life constitutes an additional risk and makes older adults more vulnerable to loneliness and to deterioration of mental and cognitive functioning. In this commentary, we review the impact of social distancing on mental and social health and on cognitive functioning and describe practical strategies to counteract the adverse effects of social distancing on older individuals.


id: cord-338332-msjtncek
title: Social Relationships and Adaptation in Later Life
author: Sharifian, Neika
date: 2020-09-18
txt: ./txt/cord-338332-msjtncek.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-338332-msjtncek.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128186978000169
doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818697-8.00016-9
summary:
  While the convoy model provides a heuristic framework within which to understand the causes and consequences of social relations over the life course, SST focuses on the individual''s time perspective and what motivates social interactions while the SAVI model specifies a common strategy among older adults used to maintain high levels of well-being through emotion regulation and avoidance of conflict. An examination of the influence of early parental relationship quality on cognitive health outcomes by Sharifian and colleagues revealed that respondents from a nationally representative U.S. sample of older adults who reported higher retrospective maternal relationship quality showed less decline in episodic memory over time through reduced loneliness and depressive symptoms. Indeed, prior cross-sectional research in a nationally representative sample of American older adults has shown that the use of social technologies in later life was associated with better psychological and physical health outcomes, and these associations were mediated by lower levels of loneliness (Chopik, 2016) .

abstract:
  Social relations encompass a complex and dynamic set of characteristics that have been shown to distinctly affect health and quality of life across the lifespan and especially in older adulthood. In this chapter we begin with a brief review of several prominent theories of social relations. Next, we consider how social relations can be understood based on the resource they provide (e.g., contact frequency, social support), the relationship they stem from (e.g., friends, family), the strength of the tie (e.g., strong, weak) as well as the means of communication (e.g., offline, online). We briefly summarize how these characteristics have been shown to uniquely influence health and quality of life in older adulthood. Finally, we contemplate potential clinical applications, provide recommendations for the future and offer final concluding comments.


id: cord-338654-ma9ayu80
author: Eaton, Lisa A.
date: 2020-04-25
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-020-00157-y
doi: 10.1007/s10865-020-00157-y
title:
  Social and behavioral health responses to COVID-19: lessons learned from four decades of an HIV pandemic

abstract:
  Our public health approaches to addressing COVID-19 are heavily dependent on social and behavioral change strategies to halt transmissions. To date, biomedical forms of curative and preventative treatments for COVID-19 are at best limited. Four decades into the HIV epidemic we have learned a considerable amount of information regarding social and behavioral approaches to addressing disease transmission. Here we outline broad, scoping lessons learned from the HIV literature tailored to the nature of what we currently know about COVID-19. We focus on multiple levels of intervention including intrapersonal, interpersonal, community, and social factors, each of which provide a reference point for understanding and elaborating on social/behavioral lessons learned from HIV prevention and treatment research. The investments in HIV prevention and treatment research far outweigh any infectious disease in the history of public health, that is, until now with the emergence of COVID-19.


id: cord-340101-n9zqc1gm
title: The Neurobiology of Social Distance
author: Bzdok, Danilo
date: 2020-06-03
txt: ./txt/cord-340101-n9zqc1gm.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-340101-n9zqc1gm.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1364661320301406
doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2020.05.016
summary:
  These authors conducted a follow-up analysis of 70 studies of longevity in older people, which followed ~3.5 million people over an average of ~7 years [16] : social isolation, living alone and feeling lonely increased the chances of dying by about 30%, even after accounting for age, sex and health status. There is now a wealth of evidence from long-term field studies of wild baboons that socially wellconnected females experience less harassment by other monkeys [7, 23] , have lower levels of cortisol stress hormones [25, 26] , faster wound healing [27] , produce more offspring and live longer [28] [29] [30] [31] . The perspective of brain network integration in loneliness was investigated in a seminal neuroimaging study of intrinsic functional connectivity in ~1,000 humans [124] . In humans, a longitudinal neuroimaging study indeed showed that social support from the mother promotes volume growth trajectories in the hippocampus, and predicts socioemotional development and emotion regulation in early adolescence [141] .

abstract:
  Abstract Never before have we experienced social isolation on such a massive scale as we have in response to COVID-19. Yet we know that the social environment has a dramatic impact on our sense of life satisfaction and well-being. In times of distress, crisis, or disaster, human resilience depends on the richness and strength of social connections, as well as active engagement in groups and communities. Over recent years, evidence emerging from various disciplines has made it abundantly clear: loneliness may be the most potent threat to survival and longevity. Here, we highlight the benefits of social bonds, choreographies of bond creation and maintenance, as well as the neurocognitive basis of social isolation and its deep consequences for mental and physical health.


id: cord-340827-vx37vlkf
title: Chapter 14 Diffusion, Strategic Interaction, and Social Structure
author: Jackson, Matthew O.
date: 2011-12-31
txt: ./txt/cord-340827-vx37vlkf.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-340827-vx37vlkf.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/B9780444531872000140
doi: 10.1016/b978-0-444-53187-2.00014-0
summary:
  Seminal studies by Ryan and Gross (1943) and Griliches (1957) examined the effects of social connections on the adoption of a new behavior, specifically the adoption of hybrid corn in the U.S. Looking at aggregate adoption rates in different states, these authors illustrated that the diffusion of hybrid corn followed an S-shape curve over time: starting out slowly, accelerating, and then ultimately decelerating. The shape of the distribution F determines which equilibria are tipping points: equilibria such that only a slight addition to the fraction of agents choosing the action 1 shifts the population, under the best response dynamics, to the next higher equilibrium level of adoption (we return to a discussion of tipping and stable points when we consider a more general model of strategic interactions on networks below). While the above models provide some ideas about how social structure impacts diffusion, they are limited to settings where, roughly speaking, the probability that a given individual adopts a behavior is simply proportional to the infection rate of neighbors.

abstract:
  Abstract We provide an overview and synthesis of the literature on how social networks influence behaviors, with a focus on diffusion. We discuss some highlights from the empirical literature on the impact of networks on behaviors and diffusion. We also discuss some of the more prominent models of network interactions, including recent advances regarding interdependent behaviors, modeled via games on networks. JEL Classification Codes: D85, C72, L14, Z13


id: cord-341986-swrzzij5
author: Eghtesadi, Marzieh
date: 2020-06-09
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32519085/
doi: 10.17269/s41997-020-00343-0
title:
  Facebook, Instagram, Reddit and TikTok: a proposal for health authorities to integrate popular social media platforms in contingency planning amid a global pandemic outbreak

abstract:
  In December 2019, a new severe respiratory coronavirus infection (COVID-19) was detected and has since spread across the globe to be ultimately declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. For physicians and allied medical professionals, the period since has been marked by an increased and rapidly changing flow of information from multiple regional, national and international health authorities, regulating bodies and professional associations. Although social media platforms have an active presence in the instant dissemination of information and medical professionals display active participation in them, traditional channels such as email are still being emphasized as a means of communication. This article discusses the opportunities offered by social media platforms such as Facebook, Reddit and TikTok to disseminate medical information both for the use of physicians and as a means to communicate essential information to the public at large.


id: cord-342360-d7qc20i4
title: Creative Production of ‘COVID‐19 Social Distancing’ Narratives on Social Media
author: Mohamad, Siti Mazidah
date: 2020-06-03
txt: ./txt/cord-342360-d7qc20i4.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-342360-d7qc20i4.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32836482/
doi: 10.1111/tesg.12430
summary:
  Young people are creatively and affectively supporting the social distancing initiatives in Brunei Darussalam through the use of social media platforms such as Instagram, Twitter, and Tik Tok. Using qualitative content analysis (QCA) data of social media content by Bruneian youth, this paper reveals the localised and contextualised creative production of five ''social distancing'' narratives as a response to the national and global concerns in times of a global pandemic: narrative of fear; narrative of responsibility; narrative of annoyance; narrative of fun; and narrative of resistance. As there is not much information known on audience''s social media consumption in risk communication and their individualised, as well as contextualised risk perception, a preliminary research on how the audience deliver and circulate COVID-19 related content on social media was conducted, leading to this preliminary finding on the active involvement of young people in highlighting the significance of social distancing in flattening the curve in the country.

abstract:
  This paper offers an insight into the role of young people in shifting risk perception of the current global pandemic, COVID‐19, via social distancing narratives on social media. Young people are creatively and affectively supporting the social distancing initiatives in Brunei Darussalam through the use of social media platforms such as Instagram, Twitter, and Tik Tok. Using qualitative content analysis (QCA) data of social media content by Bruneian youth, this paper reveals the localised and contextualised creative production of five ‘social distancing’ narratives as a response to the national and global concerns in times of a global pandemic: narrative of fear; narrative of responsibility; narrative of annoyance; narrative of fun; and narrative of resistance. This paper reflects on three key socio‐cultural reconfigurations that have broader implications beyond the COVID‐19 crisis: new youth spatialities and social engagements; youth leadership in development; and consideration of social participation and reach in risk communication.


id: cord-342636-mmlnm3mz
title: The Pandemics in Artificial Society: Agent-Based Model to Reflect Strategies on COVID-19
author: Situngkir, H.
date: 2020-07-29
txt: ./txt/cord-342636-mmlnm3mz.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-342636-mmlnm3mz.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.27.20162511v1?rss=1
doi: 10.1101/2020.07.27.20162511
summary:
  We elaborate on micro-social structures such as social-psychological factors and distributed ruling behaviors to grow an artificial society where the interactions among agents may exhibit the spreading of the virus. We can see the micro-social used in the simulations as three parts, i.e.: the internal state of the agents, the mobility in our artificial world, and the spreading of the disease based on the first two properties. When it comes to closing down the public spaces (in the simulation we omit the social attraction points) and encouraging the effective physical distancing measures to the population, the number infection rate is suppressed a little. As we simulated the usage of masks in our agent-based model, the slowing rate of infection does give effect even though it needs time to suppress the number of active cases. Thus from our sets of experiments in the agent-based simulation, some tweaks of interventions due to the pandemic at the micro-level, the emerged macro-level is observed, including some emerged social aspects.

abstract:
  Various social policies and strategies have been deliberated and used within many countries to handle the COVID-19 pandemic. Some of those basic ideas are strongly related to the understanding of human social interactions and the nature of disease transmission and spread. In this paper, we present an agent- based approach to model epidemiological phenomena as well as the interventions upon it. We elaborate on micro-social structures such as social-psychological factors and distributed ruling behaviors to grow an artificial society where the interactions among agents may exhibit the spreading of the virus. Capturing policies and strategies during the pandemic, four types of intervention are also applied in society. Emerged macro-properties of epidemics are delivered from sets of simulations, lead to comparisons between each effectivity of the policy/strategy.


id: cord-346136-sqc09x9c
title: Application of the Health Action Process Approach to Social Distancing Behavior During COVID‐19
author: Hamilton, Kyra
date: 2020-10-02
url: https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12231
doi: 10.1111/aphw.12231
abstract:
  BACKGROUND: This study examined the social cognition determinants of social distancing behavior during the COVID‐19 pandemic in samples from Australia and the US guided by the health action process approach (HAPA). METHODS: Participants (Australia: N = 495, 50.1% women; US: N = 701, 48.9% women) completed HAPA social cognition constructs at an initial time‐point (T1), and one week later (T2) self‐reported their social distancing behavior. RESULTS: Single‐indicator structural equation models that excluded and included past behavior exhibited adequate fit with the data. Intention and action control were significant predictors of social distancing behavior in both samples, and intention predicted action and coping planning in the US sample. Self‐efficacy and action control were significant predictors of intention in both samples, with attitudes predicting intention in the Australia sample and risk perceptions predicting intention in the US sample. Significant indirect effects of social cognition constructs through intentions were observed. Inclusion of past behavior attenuated model effects. Multigroup analysis revealed no differences in model fit across samples, suggesting that observed variations in the parameter estimates were relatively trivial. CONCLUSION: Results indicate that social distancing is a function of motivational and volitional processes. This knowledge can be used to inform messaging regarding social distancing during COVID‐19 and in future pandemics.


id: cord-346194-l8svzjp2
title: A Multidimensional Model of Public Health Approaches Against COVID-19
author: Nazir, Mehrab
date: 2020-05-26
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113780
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17113780
abstract:
  COVID-19 is appearing as one of the most fetal disease of the world’s history and has caused a global health emergency. Therefore, this study was designed with the aim to address the issue of public response against COVID-19. The literature lacks studies on social aspects of COVID-19. Therefore, the current study is an attempt to investigate its social aspects and suggest a theoretical structural equation model to examine the associations between social media exposure, awareness, and information exchange and preventive behavior and to determine the indirect as well as direct impact of social media exposure on preventive behavior from the viewpoints of awareness and information exchange. The current empirical investigation was held in Pakistan, and the collected survey data from 500 respondents through social media tools were utilized to examine the associations between studied variables as stated in the anticipated study model. The findings of the study indicate that social media exposure has no significant and direct effect on preventive behavior. Social media exposure influences preventive behavior indirectly through awareness and information exchange. In addition, awareness and information exchange have significant and direct effects on preventive behavior. Findings are valuable for health administrators, governments, policymakers, and social scientists, specifically for individuals whose situations are like those in Pakistan. This research validates how social media exposure indirectly effects preventive behavior concerning COVID-19 and explains the paths of effect through awareness or information exchange. To the best of our knowledge, there is no work at present that covers this gap, for this reason the authors propose a new model. The conceptual model offers valuable information for policymakers and practitioners to enhance preventive behavior through the adoption of appropriate awareness strategies and information exchange and social media strategies.


id: cord-346258-xlyi0cnl
author: Radic, Aleksandar
date: 2020-04-20
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082840
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17082840
title:
  Connected at Sea: The Influence of the Internet and Online Communication on the Well-Being and Life Satisfaction of Cruise Ship Employees

abstract:
  This study aims to elucidate the idiosyncratic effects of the Internet and online communication on the well-being and life satisfaction of cruise ship employees. Cross-sectional surveys and covariance-based structural equation modelling tools were used. In addition, univariate variance analysis was used to address the effects of socio-demographic variables (years of service on a cruise ship, working department on a cruise ship, gender, age, educational level and place of residency) on latent variables of the conceptual model. The conceptual model draws on existing theory and previous research and was empirically tested on a sample of cruise ship employee internet users. Result show that while being onboard a cruise ship, employees experience strong social pressure to be constantly available and they fear of missing out on important information and life events. Thus, relatedness to friends and family needs satisfaction is of paramount importance for cruise ship employees because they are fully aware that they are dispensable and replaceable to cruise ship companies, however to their friends and family, they are indispensable and unique. Moreover, employees who engage in other tasks/activities while taking part in online communication with friends and family exhibit reduced performance, which leads to poor interaction and social dissatisfaction. Lastly, employees experiencing under-reciprocating exchanges show significant negative effects on their well-being. Overall, the results provided several important theoretical and practical implications relevant to cruise tourism and human resource management.


id: cord-348012-idflfwpb
author: Alcover, Carlos-María
date: 2020-10-12
txt: ./txt/cord-348012-idflfwpb.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-348012-idflfwpb.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33053738/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17207413
summary:
  Our results show that identity-resources (membership continuity/new group memberships, and personal identity strength) are positively related to process-resources (social support and perceived personal control), and that both are related to better perceived mental health, lower levels of anxiety and depression, and higher well-being (life satisfaction and resilience) during confinement. Based on this model, our study explores whether: (1) group memberships (specifically, membership continuity and new memberships) and personal identity strength, considered as identity-resources derived from group social identities, and (2) social support (received and provided) and perceived personal control, considered as process-resources derived from the identity-resources, are related to well-being and psychological health in the confinement experience during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on this model, our study explores whether: (1) group memberships (specifically, membership continuity and new memberships) and personal identity strength, considered as identity-resources derived from group social identities, and (2) social support (received and provided) and perceived personal control, considered as process-resources derived from the identity-resources, are related to well-being and psychological health in the confinement experience during the COVID-19 pandemic.

title:
  Group Membership and Social and Personal Identities as Psychosocial Coping Resources to Psychological Consequences of the COVID-19 Confinement

abstract:
  The confinement imposed by measures to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic may in the short and medium term have psychological and psychosocial consequences affecting the well-being and mental health of individuals. This study aims to explore the role played by group membership and social and personal identities as coping resources to face the experience of the COVID-19 confinement and radical disruption of social, work, family and personal life in a sample of 421 people who have experienced a month of strict confinement in the Region of Madrid. Our results show that identity-resources (membership continuity/new group memberships, and personal identity strength) are positively related to process-resources (social support and perceived personal control), and that both are related to better perceived mental health, lower levels of anxiety and depression, and higher well-being (life satisfaction and resilience) during confinement. These results, in addition to providing relevant information about the psychological consequences of this experience, constitute a solid basis for the design of psychosocial interventions based on group memberships and social identity as coping resources.


id: cord-349231-9ibv0730
author: Zsido, Andras N.
date: 2020-07-24
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113323
doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113323
title:
  The connection and background mechanisms of social fears and problematic social networking site use: a Structural Equation Modeling analysis

abstract:
  Previous research warned that internet and social media use could have a negative effect on the social lives of excessive users. Based on the social compensation hypothesis, however, factors related to social fears could lead to problematic social networking site (SNS) use because individuals try to compensate for their offline popularity. It was shown that individuals with higher levels of social fears tend to prefer computer-mediated (CMC) instead of face to face (FTF) communication. Here, we aimed to create a model that shows the direct and indirect effects of social anxiety and self-esteem on problematic SNS use. A total of 215 participants filled out our survey including measures of social anxiety, self-esteem, fear of negative evaluation, social media and Internet addiction. Using structural equation modeling we tested the indirect and direct effects between the variables. Our results indicated that social anxiety and lower self-esteem could lead to favoring CMC over FTF communication, which may result in problematic internet (PIU) and SNS use as a compensatory behavior to cope with fear of negative evaluation. The indirect pathways might highlight relevant differences behind the motivation of PIU – anonymity – and problematic SNS use – control. Theoretical as well as practical implications are discussed.


id: cord-349256-ky3h37o6
title: Special Article: Mitigating Misinformation and Changing the Social Narrative
author: Abrams, Elissa M.
date: 2020-08-18
txt: ./txt/cord-349256-ky3h37o6.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-349256-ky3h37o6.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2020.08.007
doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.08.007
abstract: nan
summary:
  Asthma and Immunology, the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology; is an 35 associate editor for the Annals of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology; and is a member of the 36 Joint Taskforce on Allergy Practice Parameters 37 38 39 Mitigating Misinformation and Changing the Social Narrative 40 41 The SARS-COV-2 COVID19 pandemic has exposed a defining issue of our In recent years, there has been increasing reliance upon cable news cycles and news 57 11 While medical policy and research is 104 important, it may not be reaching our patients, as the public becomes more reliant on the 105 media and social relationships to inform their level of risk perception, and to become their 106 more trusted source of healthcare information. Who society views as a trusted healthcare 107 expert has shifted, in particular when there is ample access to a litany of information for 108 patients to research and influence their health beliefs.


id: cord-349546-60nsap32
title: COVID-19 induced social isolation; implications for understanding social cognition in mental health
author: Bland, A. R.
date: 2020-10-08
txt: ./txt/cord-349546-60nsap32.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-349546-60nsap32.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33028434/
doi: 10.1017/s0033291720004006
abstract: nan
summary:
  Social isolation, loneliness and uncertainty are key risk factors for developing mental health problems and pose a significant concern for the long-term consequences of social distancing (Vatansever, Wang, & Sahakian, 2020) . A fundamental question remains as to whether social cognition deficits are inherent vulnerability markers of mental health problems, whereby people with impaired social cognitive skills have difficulty with forming normal social support networks resulting in withdrawal and loneliness, or whether they are a secondary consequence of prolonged periods of isolation and poor social connections resulting from mental health symptoms. Social distancing measures have presented a unique opportunity to examine the effects of social isolation on people without prior mental health disorders in order to ascertain whether social isolation has a detrimental impact on social cognitive ability. This has important implications for how we interpret social cognitive deficits in mental health disorders and inform the development of appropriate interventions.


id: cord-349916-x37olwv9
author: Crone, Eveline A.
date: 2020-07-11
txt: ./txt/cord-349916-x37olwv9.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-349916-x37olwv9.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100805
doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100805
summary:
  The L-CID program has two aims: 1) to unravel the developmental trajectories, differences and commonalities of behavioral profiles and neural correlates for self and other-oriented social evaluation, which are two important components of social competence (see Fig. 3 for paradigm examples), and 2) to understand differential susceptibility to environmental enrichment (in a randomized control trial) in different phases of development, with a specific focus on early childhood and emerging adolescence. An important question for future research will be to test whether neural sensitivity of the ventral striatum and the medial prefrontal cortex are early markers for differential susceptibility to environmental influences, which may impact developmental outcomes for better and for worse. Future research should examine prosociality and self-control following social evaluation in terms of stability and change, and determine the contextual factors that influence behavior and neural activity, and brain-behavior associations.

title:
  Neural and behavioral signatures of social evaluation and adaptation in childhood and adolescence: The Leiden consortium on individual development (L-CID)

abstract:
  The transition period between early childhood and late adolescence is characterized by pronounced changes in social competence, or the capacity for flexible social adaptation. Here, we propose that two processes, self-control and prosociality, are crucial for social adaptation following social evaluation. We present a neurobehavioral model showing commonalities in neural responses to experiences of social acceptance and rejection, and multiple pathways for responding to social context. The Leiden Consortium on Individual Development (L-CID) provides a comprehensive approach towards understanding the longitudinal developmental pathways of, and social enrichment effects on, social competence, taking into account potential differential effects of such enrichment. Using Neurosynth based brain maps we point towards the medial prefrontal cortex as an important region integrating social cognition, self-referential processing and self-control for learning to respond flexibly to changing social contexts. Based on their role in social evaluation processing, we suggest to examine medial prefrontal cortex connections with lateral prefrontal cortex and the ventral striatum as potential neural differential susceptibility markers, in addition to previously established markers of differential susceptibility.


id: cord-350031-2c9x55hx
author: Zhao, Sheng Zhi
date: 2020-09-14
txt: ./txt/cord-350031-2c9x55hx.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-350031-2c9x55hx.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32937929/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186692
summary:
  Compliance with social distancing and staying-at-home, stress (Perceived Stress Scale-4), anxiety (General Anxiety Disorders-2), and depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-2) were collected. The association of mental health symptoms including stress, anxiety and depression with the number of measures adopted, number of days stayed-at-home and perceived effectiveness and compliance were calculated by multivariable linear (for stress) and logistic (for anxiety and depression) regressions. Effect modifications by age (18-59, 65+ years) and education attainment (primary or below, secondary, and tertiary) on the associations between mental health symptoms, stay-at-home and compliance with social distancing were assessed using the interaction terms. Perceived effectiveness and compliance with social distancing measures were associated with lower stress levels and risks for anxiety and depressive symptoms (all p < 0.001). We have provided the first evidence on compliance with non-pharmaceutical community containment strategies including stay-at-home and social distancing and their associations with mental health symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic.

title:
  Social Distancing Compliance under COVID-19 Pandemic and Mental Health Impacts: A Population-Based Study

abstract:
  The success of public health measures for controlling the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic relies on population compliance. We analyzed compliance with social distancing and its associations with mental health. The Hong Kong COVID-19 Health Information Survey was conducted from 9–23 April 2020 on 1501 adults randomly sampled for landline telephone interviews (n = 500) and online surveys (n = 1001). Compliance with social distancing and staying-at-home, stress (Perceived Stress Scale-4), anxiety (General Anxiety Disorders-2), and depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-2) were collected. The associations between mental health symptoms and compliance were examined by multivariable regression models. Of the 1501 respondents (52.5% female, 72.3% aged 18–59 years), 74.2%, 72.7%, and 59.7% reported avoiding going out, going to crowded places, and attending social gatherings of more than four people, respectively. Most respondents had stayed-at-home for at least four of the past seven days (58.4%; mean 4.12, Standard Deviation 2.05). Adoption, perceived effectiveness, and perceived compliance with social distancing were associated with lower stress levels and less anxiety and depressive symptoms (all p < 0.01). However, more days stayed-at-home were associated with more depressive symptoms (adjusted Odds Ratio 1.09; 95%Confidence Interval 1.00, 1.18). The long-term psychological impact in relation to social distancing and staying-at-home requires further investigation.


id: cord-350270-rcft3xfh
author: Hulme, Mike
date: 2020-05-28
txt: ./txt/cord-350270-rcft3xfh.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-350270-rcft3xfh.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837539/
doi: 10.1002/wcc.656
abstract: nan
summary:
  title: Social scientific knowledge in times of crisis: What climate change can learn from coronavirus (and vice versa) Governments always have to weigh up different forms of knowledge and expertise, from scientific and technical knowledge to policy and political considerations. But in periods of crisis-when information is more uncertain, susceptible to rapid change and when more attention is given to decision-making processes-it becomes increasingly difficult to ensure the effectiveness of government interventions. Climate change too has seen mathematical modeling take a prime position in the search for authoritative knowledge in the context of deep uncertainty (Wynne, 2010) . Apart from offering inevitably uncertain predictions, mathematical models also obscure the social nature of the climate risk being faced (Wynne, 2010) . Social scientific knowledge deepens our understanding of how perceptions of risk, fear and trust impact on crisis mitigation. The underlying drivers of climate change are much more deeply rooted in global economic, technological, cultural and political structures than are those for COVID-19.

title:
  Social scientific knowledge in times of crisis: What climate change can learn from coronavirus (and vice versa)


id: cord-351401-mloml4z3
title: Corona and value change. The role of social media and emotional contagion
author: Steinert, Steffen
date: 2020-07-21
txt: ./txt/cord-351401-mloml4z3.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-351401-mloml4z3.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-020-09545-z
doi: 10.1007/s10676-020-09545-z
summary:
  As a consequence, a negative emotional climate and the shift in values could lead to a change in political attitudes that has implications for rights, freedom, privacy and moral progress. The current Coronavirus pandemic is an emotionally taxing time and people have a tendency to express and share their emotions, especially on social media platforms. A pervasive negative emotional climate facilitates the perception of threat and could thus contribute to a change in personal value towards values that emphasize security and stability of society. The account presented here of how emotional climate relates to value change also has normative implications for how we approach decision-making about the introduction of technologies that are supposed to remedy some of the consequences of the crisis. Applying the account that links emotional climate to value change and political preferences to the current Corona crisis: People''s expression of negative emotions like fear or anger on social media may lead to a more negative emotional climate facilitated by emotional contagion processes.

abstract:
  People share their emotions on social media and evidence suggests that in times of crisis people are especially motivated to post emotional content. The current Coronavirus pandemic is such a crisis. The online sharing of emotional content during the Coronavirus crisis may contribute to societal value change. Emotion sharing via social media could lead to emotional contagion which in turn could facilitate an emotional climate in a society. In turn, the emotional climate of a society can influence society’s value structure. The emotions that spread in the current Coronavirus crisis are predominantly negative, which could result in a negative emotional climate. Based on the dynamic relations of values to each other and the way that emotions relate to values, a negative emotional climate can contribute to societal value change towards values related to security preservation and threat avoidance. As a consequence, a negative emotional climate and the shift in values could lead to a change in political attitudes that has implications for rights, freedom, privacy and moral progress. Considering the impact of social media in terms of emotional contagion and a longer-lasting value change is an important perspective in thinking about the ethical long-term impact of social media technology.


id: cord-351666-q7dqsl7n
author: Milani, Fabio
date: 2020-08-19
txt: ./txt/cord-351666-q7dqsl7n.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-351666-q7dqsl7n.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32839640/
doi: 10.1007/s00148-020-00792-4
summary:
  2 In my global framework, for each country, COVID-19 cases can affect risk perceptions about the virus, which can trigger a social distancing response. The paper exploits a variety of newly available datasets to study the interrelationship between health shocks originating from the COVID-19 pandemic, people''s real-time perceptions about coronavirus risk, the extent of their social distancing response, and unemployment. 7 In the analysis, the number k * i is also equal to 4, as the vector x * i,t contains the country-specific global counterparts for the same variables in x i,t , i.e., the growth rate of COVID-19 cases, coronavirus risk perceptions, social mobility, and unemployment. Figures 4 and 5 show the impulse response functions for all countries in the sample for the risk perception and social distancing variables to a one-standard-deviation COVID shock originating in Italy.

title:
  COVID-19 outbreak, social response, and early economic effects: a global VAR analysis of cross-country interdependencies

abstract:
  This paper studies the social and economic responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in a large sample of countries. I stress, in particular, the importance of countries’ interconnections to understand the spread of the virus. I estimate a global VAR model and exploit a dataset on existing social connections across country borders. I show that social networks help explain not only the spread of the disease but also cross-country spillovers in perceptions about coronavirus risk and in social distancing behavior. In the early phases of the pandemic, perceptions of coronavirus risk in most countries are affected by pandemic shocks originating in Italy. Later, the USA, Spain, and the UK play sizable roles. Social distancing responses to domestic and global health shocks are heterogeneous; however, they almost always exhibit delays and sluggish adjustments. Unemployment responses vary widely across countries. Unemployment is particularly responsive to health shocks in the USA and Spain, while unemployment fluctuFations are attenuated almost everywhere else.


id: cord-352008-hvujl36d
title: Spanish SMEs’ digitalization enablers: E-Receipt applications to the offline retail market
author: Gavrila Gavrila, Sorin
date: 2020-10-15
txt: ./txt/cord-352008-hvujl36d.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-352008-hvujl36d.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33082601/
doi: 10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120381
summary:
  The investigation of the literature and secondary sources has been focused on the most tangible elements affecting the day-to-day aspects of SMEs regarding digitization (PriceWaterhouseCoopers, 2016) and the ability to create new added value for customers (Chung et al., eCommerce online competitors and their technological barriers that stop them becoming digitalized, has been done, where the study explores the context of the Industry 4.0 pressure on companies (MINC-OTUR, 2020) , as well as analyzing the concepts applicable regarding digitization and digital transformation of offline retail SMEs within the ever-changing market trends and demands (Gartner 2020a) , linking the market requirements to the growing challenges of multi-channel customer communication, such as SMS (McCorke et al., 2013; Guberti, 2015) , e-mail (Hartemo, 2016; Reimers et al., 2016) , instant messaging mobile applications (Amirkhanpour et al., 2014) and social networks (Brown, 2015) .

abstract:
  The brick-and-mortar retail SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises) market is confronted with unprecedented challenges: digitization procurement in a company not prepared for a digitalized business model, and the actual digitalization process of the business model, which not only changes the business rules but disrupts them with new possibilities. Despite Industry 4.0 transforming manufacturing in terms of the way of producing and distributing goods by means of process digitization, the offline retail SMEs market is struggling to satisfy customers’ shopping expectations due to two direct constraints: existing offline competitors operating under a narrowing market share, and online retail competitors increasing market share due to their better positioned eCommerce IT platforms. The purpose of this work is to study the potential effect of digitalization on SMEs, focusing on businesses operating in the offline retail market, by means of provisioning cloud solutions supporting the business digitization process. The study is based on data collected from a wide range of official sources in conjunction with extensive research work reviewing technologies applicable to these kinds of businesses. The validation is performed through the Focus Group methodology between the months of June to October 2019, with 20 participants from the Henares Corridor, Madrid (Spain) area, considering them as a relevant sample of offline retail SMEs in Spain. The value proposition of this study can help offline retail SMEs understand the difference between digitization and digitalization, the necessity of digitalization in their businesses, the existence of accelerators such as e-Receipt cloud solutions, and the disruptive potential of digitalization to their business models on long-term survival regarding competitors and raising the circular economy.


id: cord-352122-u9pv2x2j
title: Social support and clinical improvement in COVID-19 positive patients in China
author: Yang, Xiao
date: 2020-08-24
txt: ./txt/cord-352122-u9pv2x2j.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-352122-u9pv2x2j.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2020.08.008
doi: 10.1016/j.outlook.2020.08.008
summary:
  Nevertheless, studies on sleep, anxiety, and depressive symptoms of COVID-19 positive patients and those on the psychological intervention for them are still limited. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship between the measured social support-related factors and baseline sleep, anxiety, and depression symptoms and the improvement of these measures. Social support related factors for linear regression included age, gender, marital status, education level, number of family members infected, any close relatives or friends who died in the pandemic, severity of pneumonia, and score of social support rating scale (SSRS). Social support related factors for linear regression included age, gender, marital status, education level, number of family members infected, any close relatives or friends who died in the pandemic, severity of pneumonia, nucleic acid test at Stage 2, and score of social support rating scale (SSRS) at Stage 2.

abstract:
  OBJECTIVES: To explore the relationship between psychosocial support related factors and the mental health of COVID-19 positive patients. METHODS: This exploratory study of thirty-five COVID-19 positive patients were enrolled between February 1(st) to March 1(st), 2020. Sleep quality, depression, anxiety, and social support were measured and social support related data of participants were collected. Psychological intervention was administered and patients were followed two weeks post intervention. Linear regression was performed to explore the relationship between psychosocial risk factors and improvement of psychological symptoms. RESULTS: Thirty-two individuals exhibited sleep, depressive and anxiety symptoms which improved post support intervention. At baseline, symptoms were associated with gender, severity of pneumonia, social support. Better social support at follow-up and improvement from COVID-19 predicted improvement in their psychological symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: This initial evidence from China may stress the importance of administering psychosocial intervention during the treatment of COVID-19 for better patient outcomes in other countries.


id: cord-354105-lgkfnmcm
title: Reducing Social Isolation of Seniors during COVID-19 through Medical Student Telephone Contact
author: Office, Emma E.
date: 2020-06-05
txt: ./txt/cord-354105-lgkfnmcm.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-354105-lgkfnmcm.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1525861020304916?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.06.003
summary:
  We 2 describe a phone call outreach program in which health care professional student volunteers 3 phoned older adults, living in long-term care facilities and the community, at risk of social 4 isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. We 2 describe a phone call outreach program in which health care professional student volunteers 3 phoned older adults, living in long-term care facilities and the community, at risk of social 4 isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. We created a phone call outreach program, Seniors Overcoming Social Isolation (SOS), in 48 which medical and health professions student volunteers (e.g. MD, MD/PhD, Neuroscience, 49 Genetic Counseling) called older adults, living in long-term-care facilities (LTCF) and the 50 community, at risk of social isolation during COVID-19. To reduce social isolation, we present a practical intervention leveraging health professions 112 graduate students contacting older adults and residents of independent and assisted living by 113 phone.

abstract:
  Abstract Social isolation has been associated with many adverse health outcomes in older adults. We describe a phone call outreach program in which health care professional student volunteers phoned older adults, living in long-term care facilities and the community, at risk of social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conversation topics were related to coping, including fears/insecurities, isolation, and sources of support; health; and personal topics such as family and friends, hobbies, and life experiences. Student volunteers felt the calls were impactful both for the students and for the seniors, and call recipients expressed appreciation for receiving the calls and for the physicians who referred them for a call. This phone outreach strategy is easily generalizable, and can be adopted by medical schools to leverage students to connect to socially-isolated seniors in numerous settings.


id: cord-355291-fq0h895i
author: Yasir, Ammar
date: 2020-04-24
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url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32344770/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17082954
summary:
  In this study, we attempted to identify the role of E-government and COVID-19 word of mouth in terms of their direct impact on online social presence during the outbreak as well as their impacts mediated by epidemic protection and attitudes toward epidemic outbreaks. The study results revealed that the roles of E-government and COVID-19 word of mouth are positively related to online social presence during the outbreak. Epidemic protection and attitude toward epidemic outbreak were found to positively moderate the impact of the role of E-government and COVID-19 word of mouth on online social presence during the outbreak. We used five constructs (2019-nCoV-WOM, role of E-Govt, attitude toward epidemic outbreak, epidemic protection, and online social presence in the outbreak) with a conceptual multi-mediation model. Our study results revealed that attitude toward epidemic outbreak has a strong mediation effect between the role of E-Govt and online social presence during outbreaks, indicating that other governments and organizations can follow China''s safety model.

title:
  Modeling Impact of Word of Mouth and E-Government on Online Social Presence during COVID-19 Outbreak: A Multi-Mediation Approach

abstract:
  Although social presence plays an essential role under general conditions, its role becomes significant for societal protection during the quarantine period in epidemic outbreak. In this study, we attempted to identify the role of E-government and COVID-19 word of mouth in terms of their direct impact on online social presence during the outbreak as well as their impacts mediated by epidemic protection and attitudes toward epidemic outbreaks. For this purpose, a unique multi-mediation model is proposed to provide a new direction for research in the field of epidemic outbreaks and their control. Through random sampling, an online survey was conducted and data from 683participants were analyzed. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to test the relationships between the variables of interest. The study results revealed that the roles of E-government and COVID-19 word of mouth are positively related to online social presence during the outbreak. Epidemic protection and attitude toward epidemic outbreak were found to positively moderate the impact of the role of E-government and COVID-19 word of mouth on online social presence during the outbreak. The key findings of this study have both practical and academic implications.


id: cord-355726-44x0idzn
title: Introduction: Discovering Issues and Challenges in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
author: Ibrahim, Mohamed Izham Mohamed
date: 2017-11-10
txt: ./txt/cord-355726-44x0idzn.txt
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url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/B9780128112281000017
doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-811228-1.00001-7
summary:
  This book also provides knowledge and understanding about social and administrative aspects of pharmacy in healthcare in lowand middle-income countries. On the other hand, there are growing problems with medicines, the health system, and human resources, especially in the LMICs. There are countries with high prices of medicines, a wide prevalence of nonquality medicines (i.e., substandard and counterfeit), lack of access to medicines, and absence of a national medicines policy (NMP) even with strong encouragement from World Health Organization (WHO). Further according to Frieden and Henning (2009) , a progress of public health in developing countries is possible but will require sufficient funding and human resources; improved physical infrastructure and information systems; effective program implementation and regulatory capacity; and, most importantly, political will at the highest levels of government. Social pharmacy scientists utilize both sciences to improve clinical practice, enhance the effectiveness of pharmaceutical regulations and policy, advocate political awareness, and promote improvements in pharmaceutical health services and healthcare delivery.

abstract:
  There are gaps and challenges in pharmacy practice in developing countries and possible solutions for various pharmacy stakeholders. Health and public health are essentials for development. The weak global economy has hindered progress toward the sustainable development goals. Many people are still living in poverty with poor health status and inadequate healthcare. Poor health and pharmaceutical sectors in a country will increase the vulnerability of the country and leaves the society at risk. Effective public health interventions can save hundreds of millions of lives. Pharmacy system is one of the core components in a healthcare system, and pharmacists play a very important role. This book sheds light on various topics that individually and in combination determine the status of pharmacy practice in individual countries. This book incorporates multiple data sources and when outliers are discovered, that may be called to the attention of the reader. This book also provides knowledge and understanding about social and administrative aspects of pharmacy in healthcare in low- and middle-income countries.


id: cord-356353-e6jb0sex
title: Loops, ladders and links: the recursivity of social and machine learning
author: Fourcade, Marion
date: 2020-08-26
txt: ./txt/cord-356353-e6jb0sex.txt
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url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11186-020-09409-x
doi: 10.1007/s11186-020-09409-x
summary:
  Both practices rely upon and reinforce a pervasive appetite for digital input or feedback that we characterize as "data hunger." They also share a propensity to assemble insight and make meaning accretively-a propensity that we denote here as "world or meaning accretion." Throughout this article, we probe the dynamic interaction of social and machine learning by drawing examples from one genre of online social contention and connection in which the pervasive influence of machine learning is evident: namely, that which occurs across social media channels and platforms. In such settings, the data accretion upon which machine learning depends for the development of granular insights-and, on social media platforms, associated auctioning and targeting of advertising-compounds the cumulative, sedimentary effect of social data, making negative impressions generated by "revenge porn," or by one''s online identity having been fraudulently coopted, hard to displace or renew.

abstract:
  Machine learning algorithms reshape how people communicate, exchange, and associate; how institutions sort them and slot them into social positions; and how they experience life, down to the most ordinary and intimate aspects. In this article, we draw on examples from the field of social media to review the commonalities, interactions, and contradictions between the dispositions of people and those of machines as they learn from and make sense of each other.


