id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentences	flesch	summary	cache	txt
cord-296378-ki93iltt	Smith, Joan C.	Cigarette smoke exposure and inflammatory signaling increase the expression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 in the respiratory tract	2020-05-16		.txt	text/plain	10042	595	54	Here, we show that cigarette smoke causes a dose-dependent upregulation of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, in rodent and human lungs. Furthermore, our work identifies ACE2 as an interferon-stimulated gene in lung cells, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 infections could create positive-feedback loops that increase ACE2 levels and facilitate viral dissemination. In total, our results demonstrate that exposure to cigarette smoke increases the expression of the coronavirus receptor ACE2 in rodent and human respiratory tissue, and this upregulation is potentially reversible. To investigate a potential link between inflammation and the expression of the host factors required for coronavirus infections, we first examined the levels of ACE2 in published datasets of respiratory epithelial cells challenged with different viruses. To further verify these results, we re-analyzed a published gene expression dataset of airway epithelial cells exposed to IFN-β, and we found a similar increase in ACE2 levels following interferon treatment ( Figure 5H ) (Rusinova et al., 2013; Shapira et al., 2009) .	./cache/cord-296378-ki93iltt.txt	./txt/cord-296378-ki93iltt.txt