id sid tid token lemma pos cord-021959-1y67126b 1 1 key key NN cord-021959-1y67126b 1 2 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 2 1 cord-021959 cord-021959 NN cord-021959-1y67126b 2 2 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 2 3 1y67126b 1y67126b CD cord-021959-1y67126b 2 4 authors author NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 2 5 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 2 6 Madanoglu Madanoglu NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 2 7 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 2 8 Melih Melih NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 2 9 title title NN cord-021959-1y67126b 2 10 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 2 11 State state NN cord-021959-1y67126b 2 12 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 2 13 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 2 14 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 2 15 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 2 16 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 2 17 art art NN cord-021959-1y67126b 2 18 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 2 19 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 2 20 capital capital NN cord-021959-1y67126b 2 21 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 2 22 hospitality hospitality NN cord-021959-1y67126b 2 23 strategic strategic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 2 24 management management NN cord-021959-1y67126b 2 25 date date NN cord-021959-1y67126b 2 26 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 2 27 2009 2009 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 2 28 - - SYM cord-021959-1y67126b 2 29 11 11 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 2 30 - - SYM cord-021959-1y67126b 2 31 16 16 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 2 32 journal journal NN cord-021959-1y67126b 2 33 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 3 1 Handbook Handbook NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 3 2 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 3 3 Hospitality Hospitality NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 3 4 Strategic Strategic NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 3 5 Management Management NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 3 6 DOI DOI NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 3 7 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 3 8 10.1016 10.1016 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 3 9 / / SYM cord-021959-1y67126b 3 10 b978 b978 NN cord-021959-1y67126b 3 11 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 3 12 0 0 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 3 13 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 3 14 08 08 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 3 15 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 3 16 045079 045079 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 3 17 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 3 18 7.00006 7.00006 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 3 19 - - SYM cord-021959-1y67126b 3 20 5 5 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 3 21 sha sha NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 3 22 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 3 23 d10278a6760047c442ac41bebfa853a83d0df0a1 d10278a6760047c442ac41bebfa853a83d0df0a1 NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 3 24 doc_id doc_id NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 3 25 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 3 26 21959 21959 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 3 27 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 3 28 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 3 29 1y67126b 1y67126b NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 3 30 nan nan NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 3 31 Making make VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 3 32 well well RB cord-021959-1y67126b 3 33 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 3 34 informed inform VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 3 35 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 3 36 effective effective JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 3 37 capital capital NN cord-021959-1y67126b 3 38 investment investment NN cord-021959-1y67126b 3 39 decisions decision NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 3 40 lies lie VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 3 41 at at IN cord-021959-1y67126b 3 42 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 3 43 heart heart NN cord-021959-1y67126b 3 44 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 3 45 any any DT cord-021959-1y67126b 3 46 successful successful JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 3 47 business business NN cord-021959-1y67126b 3 48 organization organization NN cord-021959-1y67126b 3 49 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 4 1 However however RB cord-021959-1y67126b 4 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 4 3 prior prior RB cord-021959-1y67126b 4 4 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 4 5 investing invest VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 4 6 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 4 7 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 4 8 project project NN cord-021959-1y67126b 4 9 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 4 10 an an DT cord-021959-1y67126b 4 11 executive executive JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 4 12 / / SYM cord-021959-1y67126b 4 13 manager manager NN cord-021959-1y67126b 4 14 should should MD cord-021959-1y67126b 4 15 make make VB cord-021959-1y67126b 4 16 three three CD cord-021959-1y67126b 4 17 key key JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 4 18 estimates estimate NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 4 19 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 4 20 ensure ensure VB cord-021959-1y67126b 4 21 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 4 22 viability viability NN cord-021959-1y67126b 4 23 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 4 24 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 4 25 business business NN cord-021959-1y67126b 4 26 project project NN cord-021959-1y67126b 4 27 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 4 28 economic economic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 4 29 useful useful JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 4 30 life life NN cord-021959-1y67126b 4 31 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 4 32 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 4 33 asset asset NN cord-021959-1y67126b 4 34 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 4 35 future future JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 4 36 cash cash NN cord-021959-1y67126b 4 37 flows flow VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 4 38 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 4 39 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 4 40 project project NN cord-021959-1y67126b 4 41 will will MD cord-021959-1y67126b 4 42 generate generate VB cord-021959-1y67126b 4 43 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 4 44 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 4 45 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 4 46 discount discount NN cord-021959-1y67126b 4 47 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 4 48 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 4 49 properly properly RB cord-021959-1y67126b 4 50 accounts account VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 4 51 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 4 52 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 4 53 time time NN cord-021959-1y67126b 4 54 value value NN cord-021959-1y67126b 4 55 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 4 56 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 4 57 capital capital NN cord-021959-1y67126b 4 58 invested invest VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 4 59 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 4 60 compensates compensate VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 4 61 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 4 62 investors investor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 4 63 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 4 64 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 4 65 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 4 66 they -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 4 67 bear bear VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 4 68 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 4 69 investing invest VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 4 70 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 4 71 that that DT cord-021959-1y67126b 4 72 project project NN cord-021959-1y67126b 5 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 5 2 Olsen Olsen NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 5 3 et et NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 5 4 al al NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 5 5 . . NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 5 6 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 5 7 1998 1998 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 5 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 5 9 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 6 1 Although although IN cord-021959-1y67126b 6 2 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 6 3 first first JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 6 4 two two CD cord-021959-1y67126b 6 5 items item NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 6 6 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 6 7 fairly fairly RB cord-021959-1y67126b 6 8 challenging challenging JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 6 9 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 6 10 estimate estimate VB cord-021959-1y67126b 6 11 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 6 12 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 6 13 last last JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 6 14 one one NN cord-021959-1y67126b 6 15 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 6 16 even even RB cord-021959-1y67126b 6 17 more more RBR cord-021959-1y67126b 6 18 challenging challenging JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 6 19 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 7 1 In in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 7 2 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 7 3 book book NN cord-021959-1y67126b 7 4 related relate VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 7 5 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 7 6 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 7 7 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 7 8 capital capital NN cord-021959-1y67126b 7 9 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 7 10 Ogier Ogier NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 7 11 et et NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 7 12 al al NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 7 13 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 8 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 8 2 2004 2004 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 8 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 8 4 provided provide VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 8 5 an an DT cord-021959-1y67126b 8 6 excellent excellent JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 8 7 example example NN cord-021959-1y67126b 8 8 which which WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 8 9 I -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 8 10 would would MD cord-021959-1y67126b 8 11 like like VB cord-021959-1y67126b 8 12 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 8 13 use use VB cord-021959-1y67126b 8 14 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 8 15 provide provide VB cord-021959-1y67126b 8 16 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 8 17 practical practical JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 8 18 introduction introduction NN cord-021959-1y67126b 8 19 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 8 20 this this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 8 21 chapter chapter NN cord-021959-1y67126b 8 22 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 9 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 9 2 take take VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 9 3 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 9 4 liberty liberty NN cord-021959-1y67126b 9 5 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 9 6 modify modify VB cord-021959-1y67126b 9 7 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 9 8 story story NN cord-021959-1y67126b 9 9 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 9 10 accordance accordance NN cord-021959-1y67126b 9 11 with with IN cord-021959-1y67126b 9 12 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 9 13 needs need NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 9 14 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 9 15 this this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 9 16 chapter chapter NN cord-021959-1y67126b 9 17 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 10 1 Imagine imagine VB cord-021959-1y67126b 10 2 yourself -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 10 3 at at IN cord-021959-1y67126b 10 4 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 10 5 edge edge NN cord-021959-1y67126b 10 6 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 10 7 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 10 8 river river NN cord-021959-1y67126b 10 9 where where WRB cord-021959-1y67126b 10 10 your -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 10 11 goal goal NN cord-021959-1y67126b 10 12 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 10 13 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 10 14 pass pass VB cord-021959-1y67126b 10 15 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 10 16 river river NN cord-021959-1y67126b 10 17 getting get VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 10 18 minimally minimally RB cord-021959-1y67126b 10 19 wet wet JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 10 20 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 10 21 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 10 22 least least JJS cord-021959-1y67126b 10 23 possible possible JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 10 24 time time NN cord-021959-1y67126b 10 25 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 11 1 Before before IN cord-021959-1y67126b 11 2 making make VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 11 3 your -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 11 4 move move NN cord-021959-1y67126b 11 5 you -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 11 6 need need VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 11 7 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 11 8 turn turn VB cord-021959-1y67126b 11 9 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 11 10 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 11 11 local local JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 11 12 inhabitant inhabitant NN cord-021959-1y67126b 11 13 who who WP cord-021959-1y67126b 11 14 knows know VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 11 15 which which WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 11 16 stepping step VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 11 17 stones stone NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 11 18 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 11 19 safe safe JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 11 20 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 11 21 what what WP cord-021959-1y67126b 11 22 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 11 23 velocity velocity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 11 24 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 11 25 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 11 26 viscosity viscosity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 11 27 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 11 28 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 11 29 water water NN cord-021959-1y67126b 11 30 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 11 31 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 11 32 what what WP cord-021959-1y67126b 11 33 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 11 34 turning turn VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 11 35 moments moment NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 11 36 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 11 37 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 11 38 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 11 39 what what WP cord-021959-1y67126b 11 40 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 11 41 probability probability NN cord-021959-1y67126b 11 42 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 11 43 loose loose JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 11 44 stones stone NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 11 45 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 11 46 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 11 47 stream stream NN cord-021959-1y67126b 11 48 bed bed NN cord-021959-1y67126b 11 49 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 11 50 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 12 1 This this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 12 2 situation situation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 12 3 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 12 4 similar similar JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 12 5 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 12 6 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 12 7 world world NN cord-021959-1y67126b 12 8 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 12 9 today today NN cord-021959-1y67126b 12 10 's 's POS cord-021959-1y67126b 12 11 business business NN cord-021959-1y67126b 12 12 investments investment NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 12 13 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 13 1 That that RB cord-021959-1y67126b 13 2 is is RB cord-021959-1y67126b 13 3 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 13 4 executives executive NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 13 5 need need VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 13 6 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 13 7 make make VB cord-021959-1y67126b 13 8 informed informed JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 13 9 decisions decision NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 13 10 about about IN cord-021959-1y67126b 13 11 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 13 12 investments investment NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 13 13 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 13 14 find find VB cord-021959-1y67126b 13 15 out out RP cord-021959-1y67126b 13 16 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 13 17 minimum minimum JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 13 18 acceptable acceptable JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 13 19 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 13 20 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 13 21 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 13 22 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 13 23 shareholders shareholder NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 13 24 expect expect VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 13 25 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 13 26 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 13 27 compensation compensation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 13 28 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 13 29 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 13 30 risks risk NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 13 31 investors investor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 13 32 undertake undertake VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 13 33 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 14 1 In in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 14 2 addition addition NN cord-021959-1y67126b 14 3 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 14 4 when when WRB cord-021959-1y67126b 14 5 an an DT cord-021959-1y67126b 14 6 investment investment NN cord-021959-1y67126b 14 7 consists consist VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 14 8 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 14 9 both both DT cord-021959-1y67126b 14 10 debt debt NN cord-021959-1y67126b 14 11 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 14 12 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 14 13 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 14 14 then then RB cord-021959-1y67126b 14 15 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 14 16 executives executive NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 14 17 need need VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 14 18 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 14 19 estimate estimate VB cord-021959-1y67126b 14 20 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 14 21 total total JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 14 22 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 14 23 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 14 24 capital capital NN cord-021959-1y67126b 14 25 employed employ VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 14 26 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 14 27 this this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 14 28 project project NN cord-021959-1y67126b 14 29 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 14 30 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 14 31 able able JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 14 32 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 14 33 pay pay VB cord-021959-1y67126b 14 34 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 14 35 debt debt NN cord-021959-1y67126b 14 36 holders holder NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 14 37 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 15 1 This this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 15 2 chapter chapter NN cord-021959-1y67126b 15 3 intends intend VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 15 4 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 15 5 serve serve VB cord-021959-1y67126b 15 6 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 15 7 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 15 8 field field NN cord-021959-1y67126b 15 9 guide guide NN cord-021959-1y67126b 15 10 or or CC cord-021959-1y67126b 15 11 handbook handbook NN cord-021959-1y67126b 15 12 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 15 13 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 15 14 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 15 15 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 15 16 capital capital NN cord-021959-1y67126b 15 17 estimation estimation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 15 18 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 15 19 hospitality hospitality NN cord-021959-1y67126b 15 20 executives executive NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 15 21 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 15 22 practitioners practitioner NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 15 23 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 16 1 However however RB cord-021959-1y67126b 16 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 16 3 before before IN cord-021959-1y67126b 16 4 getting get VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 16 5 into into IN cord-021959-1y67126b 16 6 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 16 7 practical practical JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 16 8 aspects aspect NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 16 9 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 16 10 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 16 11 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 16 12 capital capital NN cord-021959-1y67126b 16 13 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 16 14 some some DT cord-021959-1y67126b 16 15 relevant relevant JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 16 16 concepts concept NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 16 17 will will MD cord-021959-1y67126b 16 18 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 16 19 discussed discuss VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 16 20 from from IN cord-021959-1y67126b 16 21 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 16 22 theoretical theoretical JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 16 23 perspective perspective NN cord-021959-1y67126b 16 24 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 16 25 better better RB cord-021959-1y67126b 16 26 understand understand VB cord-021959-1y67126b 16 27 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 16 28 background background NN cord-021959-1y67126b 16 29 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 16 30 this this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 16 31 important important JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 16 32 topic topic NN cord-021959-1y67126b 16 33 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 17 1 Prior prior RB cord-021959-1y67126b 17 2 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 17 3 getting get VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 17 4 into into IN cord-021959-1y67126b 17 5 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 17 6 core core NN cord-021959-1y67126b 17 7 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 17 8 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 17 9 subject subject NN cord-021959-1y67126b 17 10 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 17 11 estimating estimate VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 17 12 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 17 13 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 17 14 capital capital NN cord-021959-1y67126b 17 15 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 17 16 it -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 17 17 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 17 18 useful useful JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 17 19 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 17 20 define define VB cord-021959-1y67126b 17 21 what what WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 17 22 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 17 23 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 17 24 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 17 25 describe describe VB cord-021959-1y67126b 17 26 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 17 27 role role NN cord-021959-1y67126b 17 28 it -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 17 29 plays play VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 17 30 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 17 31 investment investment NN cord-021959-1y67126b 17 32 decisions decision NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 17 33 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 18 1 In in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 18 2 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 18 3 hospitality hospitality NN cord-021959-1y67126b 18 4 field field NN cord-021959-1y67126b 18 5 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 18 6 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 18 7 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 18 8 often often RB cord-021959-1y67126b 18 9 defined define VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 18 10 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 18 11 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 18 12 variation variation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 18 13 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 18 14 returns return NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 18 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 18 16 probable probable JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 18 17 outcomes outcome NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 18 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 18 19 over over IN cord-021959-1y67126b 18 20 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 18 21 life life NN cord-021959-1y67126b 18 22 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 18 23 an an DT cord-021959-1y67126b 18 24 investment investment NN cord-021959-1y67126b 18 25 project project NN cord-021959-1y67126b 18 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 18 27 Choi Choi NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 18 28 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 18 29 1999 1999 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 18 30 ; ; : cord-021959-1y67126b 18 31 Olsen Olsen NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 18 32 et et NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 18 33 al al NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 18 34 . . NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 18 35 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 18 36 1998 1998 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 18 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 18 38 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 19 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 19 2 concept concept NN cord-021959-1y67126b 19 3 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 19 4 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 19 5 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 19 6 at at IN cord-021959-1y67126b 19 7 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 19 8 foundation foundation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 19 9 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 19 10 every every DT cord-021959-1y67126b 19 11 firm firm NN cord-021959-1y67126b 19 12 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 19 13 it -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 19 14 seeks seek VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 19 15 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 19 16 compete compete VB cord-021959-1y67126b 19 17 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 19 18 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 19 19 business business NN cord-021959-1y67126b 19 20 environment environment NN cord-021959-1y67126b 19 21 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 20 1 Financial financial JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 20 2 theory theory NN cord-021959-1y67126b 20 3 states state VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 20 4 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 20 5 shareholders shareholder NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 20 6 face face VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 20 7 two two CD cord-021959-1y67126b 20 8 types type NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 20 9 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 20 10 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 20 11 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 20 12 systematic systematic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 20 13 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 20 14 unsystematic unsystematic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 20 15 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 21 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 21 2 examples example NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 21 3 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 21 4 systematic systematic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 21 5 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 21 6 could could MD cord-021959-1y67126b 21 7 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 21 8 changes change NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 21 9 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 21 10 monetary monetary JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 21 11 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 21 12 fiscal fiscal JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 21 13 policies policy NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 21 14 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 21 15 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 21 16 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 21 17 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 21 18 energy energy NN cord-021959-1y67126b 21 19 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 21 20 tax tax NN cord-021959-1y67126b 21 21 laws law NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 21 22 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 21 23 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 21 24 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 21 25 demographics demographic NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 21 26 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 21 27 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 21 28 marketplace marketplace NN cord-021959-1y67126b 21 29 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 22 1 Finance finance NN cord-021959-1y67126b 22 2 scholars scholar NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 22 3 refer refer VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 22 4 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 22 5 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 22 6 variability variability NN cord-021959-1y67126b 22 7 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 22 8 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 22 9 firm firm NN cord-021959-1y67126b 22 10 's 's POS cord-021959-1y67126b 22 11 stock stock NN cord-021959-1y67126b 22 12 returns return NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 22 13 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 22 14 moves move VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 22 15 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 22 16 unison unison NN cord-021959-1y67126b 22 17 with with IN cord-021959-1y67126b 22 18 these these DT cord-021959-1y67126b 22 19 macroeconomic macroeconomic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 22 20 influences influence NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 22 21 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 22 22 systematic systematic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 22 23 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 22 24 or or CC cord-021959-1y67126b 22 25 stockholder stockholder NN cord-021959-1y67126b 22 26 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 22 27 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 22 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 22 29 Lubatkin Lubatkin NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 22 30 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 22 31 Chatterjee Chatterjee NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 22 32 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 22 33 1994 1994 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 22 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 22 35 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 23 1 Stated state VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 23 2 differently differently RB cord-021959-1y67126b 23 3 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 23 4 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 23 5 level level NN cord-021959-1y67126b 23 6 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 23 7 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 23 8 firm firm NN cord-021959-1y67126b 23 9 's 's POS cord-021959-1y67126b 23 10 systematic systematic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 23 11 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 23 12 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 23 13 determined determine VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 23 14 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 23 15 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 23 16 degree degree NN cord-021959-1y67126b 23 17 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 23 18 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-021959-1y67126b 23 19 associated associate VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 23 20 with with IN cord-021959-1y67126b 23 21 general general JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 23 22 economic economic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 23 23 forces force NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 23 24 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 23 25 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 23 26 responsiveness responsiveness NN cord-021959-1y67126b 23 27 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 23 28 or or CC cord-021959-1y67126b 23 29 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 23 30 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 23 31 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 23 32 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 23 33 firm firm NN cord-021959-1y67126b 23 34 's 's POS cord-021959-1y67126b 23 35 returns return NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 23 36 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 23 37 those those DT cord-021959-1y67126b 23 38 forces force NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 23 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 23 40 Helfat Helfat NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 23 41 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 23 42 Teece Teece NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 23 43 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 23 44 1987 1987 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 23 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 23 46 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 24 1 In in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 24 2 other other JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 24 3 words word NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 24 4 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 24 5 these these DT cord-021959-1y67126b 24 6 types type NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 24 7 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 24 8 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 24 9 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 24 10 external external JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 24 11 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 24 12 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 24 13 company company NN cord-021959-1y67126b 24 14 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 24 15 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 24 16 outside outside RB cord-021959-1y67126b 24 17 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 24 18 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 24 19 control control NN cord-021959-1y67126b 24 20 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 25 1 However however RB cord-021959-1y67126b 25 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 25 3 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 25 4 loss loss NN cord-021959-1y67126b 25 5 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 25 6 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 25 7 major major JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 25 8 customer customer NN cord-021959-1y67126b 25 9 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 25 10 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 25 11 result result NN cord-021959-1y67126b 25 12 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 25 13 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 25 14 bankruptcy bankruptcy NN cord-021959-1y67126b 25 15 represents represent VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 25 16 one one CD cord-021959-1y67126b 25 17 source source NN cord-021959-1y67126b 25 18 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 25 19 unsystematic unsystematic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 25 20 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 25 21 or or CC cord-021959-1y67126b 25 22 firmspecific firmspecific JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 25 23 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 25 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 25 25 idiosyncratic idiosyncratic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 25 26 or or CC cord-021959-1y67126b 25 27 stakeholder stakeholder NN cord-021959-1y67126b 25 28 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 25 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 25 30 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 26 1 Other other JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 26 2 sources source NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 26 3 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 26 4 unsystematic unsystematic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 26 5 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 26 6 include include VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 26 7 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 26 8 death death NN cord-021959-1y67126b 26 9 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 26 10 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 26 11 high high RB cord-021959-1y67126b 26 12 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 26 13 ranking rank VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 26 14 executive executive NN cord-021959-1y67126b 26 15 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 26 16 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 26 17 fire fire NN cord-021959-1y67126b 26 18 at at IN cord-021959-1y67126b 26 19 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 26 20 production production NN cord-021959-1y67126b 26 21 facility facility NN cord-021959-1y67126b 26 22 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 26 23 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 26 24 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 26 25 sudden sudden JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 26 26 obsolescence obsolescence NN cord-021959-1y67126b 26 27 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 26 28 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 26 29 critical critical JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 26 30 product product NN cord-021959-1y67126b 26 31 technology technology NN cord-021959-1y67126b 26 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 26 33 Lubatkin Lubatkin NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 26 34 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 26 35 Chatterjee Chatterjee NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 26 36 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 26 37 1994 1994 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 26 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 26 39 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 27 1 Unsystematic unsystematic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 27 2 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 27 3 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 27 4 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 27 5 type type NN cord-021959-1y67126b 27 6 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 27 7 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 27 8 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 27 9 can can MD cord-021959-1y67126b 27 10 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 27 11 eliminated eliminate VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 27 12 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 27 13 an an DT cord-021959-1y67126b 27 14 individual individual JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 27 15 investor investor NN cord-021959-1y67126b 27 16 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 27 17 investing invest VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 27 18 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 27 19 / / SYM cord-021959-1y67126b 27 20 her -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 27 21 funds fund NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 27 22 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 27 23 multiple multiple JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 27 24 companies company NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 27 25 ' ' POS cord-021959-1y67126b 27 26 stocks stock NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 27 27 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 28 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 28 2 same same JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 28 3 rule rule NN cord-021959-1y67126b 28 4 may may MD cord-021959-1y67126b 28 5 not not RB cord-021959-1y67126b 28 6 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 28 7 applied apply VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 28 8 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 28 9 company company NN cord-021959-1y67126b 28 10 executives executive NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 28 11 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 28 12 since since IN cord-021959-1y67126b 28 13 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 28 14 success success NN cord-021959-1y67126b 28 15 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 28 16 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 28 17 single single JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 28 18 project project NN cord-021959-1y67126b 28 19 determines determine VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 28 20 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 28 21 tenure tenure NN cord-021959-1y67126b 28 22 within within IN cord-021959-1y67126b 28 23 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 28 24 firms firm NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 28 25 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 29 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 29 2 traditional traditional JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 29 3 financial financial JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 29 4 theory theory NN cord-021959-1y67126b 29 5 looks look VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 29 6 at at IN cord-021959-1y67126b 29 7 investment investment NN cord-021959-1y67126b 29 8 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 29 9 securities security NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 29 10 from from IN cord-021959-1y67126b 29 11 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 29 12 portfolio portfolio NN cord-021959-1y67126b 29 13 perspective perspective NN cord-021959-1y67126b 29 14 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 29 15 assuming assume VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 29 16 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 29 17 investors investor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 29 18 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 29 19 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 29 20 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 29 21 averse averse JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 29 22 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 29 23 can can MD cord-021959-1y67126b 29 24 eliminate eliminate VB cord-021959-1y67126b 29 25 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 29 26 unsystematic unsystematic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 29 27 risks risk NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 29 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 29 29 variance variance NN cord-021959-1y67126b 29 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 29 31 associated associate VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 29 32 with with IN cord-021959-1y67126b 29 33 investing invest VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 29 34 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 29 35 any any DT cord-021959-1y67126b 29 36 particular particular JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 29 37 firm firm NN cord-021959-1y67126b 29 38 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 29 39 holding hold VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 29 40 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 29 41 diversified diversified JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 29 42 portfolio portfolio NN cord-021959-1y67126b 29 43 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 29 44 stocks stock NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 29 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 29 46 Markowitz Markowitz NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 29 47 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 29 48 1952 1952 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 30 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 30 2 Markowitz Markowitz NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 30 3 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 30 4 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 30 5 1959 1959 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 30 6 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 31 1 Markowitz Markowitz NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 31 2 pioneered pioneer VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 31 3 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 31 4 application application NN cord-021959-1y67126b 31 5 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 31 6 decision decision NN cord-021959-1y67126b 31 7 theory theory NN cord-021959-1y67126b 31 8 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 31 9 investments investment NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 31 10 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 31 11 contending contend VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 31 12 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 31 13 portfolio portfolio NN cord-021959-1y67126b 31 14 optimization optimization NN cord-021959-1y67126b 31 15 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 31 16 characterized characterize VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 31 17 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 31 18 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 31 19 trade trade NN cord-021959-1y67126b 31 20 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 31 21 off off NN cord-021959-1y67126b 31 22 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 31 23 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 31 24 reward reward NN cord-021959-1y67126b 31 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 31 26 expected expect VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 31 27 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 31 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 31 29 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 31 30 that that DT cord-021959-1y67126b 31 31 individual individual JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 31 32 security security NN cord-021959-1y67126b 31 33 against against IN cord-021959-1y67126b 31 34 portfolio portfolio NN cord-021959-1y67126b 31 35 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 31 36 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 32 1 Since since IN cord-021959-1y67126b 32 2 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 32 3 key key JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 32 4 aspect aspect NN cord-021959-1y67126b 32 5 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 32 6 that that DT cord-021959-1y67126b 32 7 theory theory NN cord-021959-1y67126b 32 8 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 32 9 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 32 10 notion notion NN cord-021959-1y67126b 32 11 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 32 12 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 32 13 security security NN cord-021959-1y67126b 32 14 's 's POS cord-021959-1y67126b 32 15 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 32 16 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 32 17 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 32 18 contribution contribution NN cord-021959-1y67126b 32 19 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 32 20 portfolio portfolio NN cord-021959-1y67126b 32 21 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 32 22 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 32 23 rather rather RB cord-021959-1y67126b 32 24 than than IN cord-021959-1y67126b 32 25 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 32 26 own own JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 32 27 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 32 28 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 32 29 it -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 32 30 presumes presume VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 32 31 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 32 32 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 32 33 only only JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 32 34 risks risk NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 32 35 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 32 36 matter matter VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 32 37 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 32 38 investors investor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 32 39 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 32 40 those those DT cord-021959-1y67126b 32 41 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 32 42 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 32 43 systematically systematically RB cord-021959-1y67126b 32 44 associated associate VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 32 45 with with IN cord-021959-1y67126b 32 46 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 32 47 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 32 48 wide wide JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 32 49 variance variance NN cord-021959-1y67126b 32 50 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 32 51 returns return NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 32 52 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 32 53 Lubatkin Lubatkin NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 32 54 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 32 55 Schulze Schulze NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 32 56 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 32 57 2003 2003 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 32 58 ; ; : cord-021959-1y67126b 32 59 Rosenberg Rosenberg NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 32 60 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 32 61 1981 1981 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 32 62 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 32 63 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 33 1 Investors investor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 33 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 33 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 33 4 argues argue VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 33 5 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 33 6 should should MD cord-021959-1y67126b 33 7 only only RB cord-021959-1y67126b 33 8 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 33 9 concerned concern VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 33 10 about about IN cord-021959-1y67126b 33 11 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 33 12 impact impact NN cord-021959-1y67126b 33 13 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 33 14 an an DT cord-021959-1y67126b 33 15 alternative alternative JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 33 16 investment investment NN cord-021959-1y67126b 33 17 might may MD cord-021959-1y67126b 33 18 have have VB cord-021959-1y67126b 33 19 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 33 20 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 33 21 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 33 22 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 33 23 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 33 24 properties property NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 33 25 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 33 26 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 33 27 portfolio portfolio NN cord-021959-1y67126b 33 28 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 34 1 However however RB cord-021959-1y67126b 34 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 34 3 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 34 4 capital capital NN cord-021959-1y67126b 34 5 asset asset NN cord-021959-1y67126b 34 6 pricing pricing NN cord-021959-1y67126b 34 7 model model NN cord-021959-1y67126b 34 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 34 9 CAPM CAPM NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 34 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 34 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 34 12 Lintner Lintner NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 34 13 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 34 14 1965 1965 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 34 15 ; ; : cord-021959-1y67126b 34 16 Sharpe Sharpe NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 34 17 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 34 18 1964 1964 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 34 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 34 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 34 21 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 34 22 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 34 23 discussed discuss VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 34 24 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 34 25 detail detail NN cord-021959-1y67126b 34 26 later later RB cord-021959-1y67126b 34 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 34 28 does do VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 34 29 not not RB cord-021959-1y67126b 34 30 explicitly explicitly RB cord-021959-1y67126b 34 31 explain explain VB cord-021959-1y67126b 34 32 what what WP cord-021959-1y67126b 34 33 criteria criterion NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 34 34 investors investor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 34 35 should should MD cord-021959-1y67126b 34 36 use use VB cord-021959-1y67126b 34 37 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 34 38 select select VB cord-021959-1y67126b 34 39 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 34 40 alternative alternative JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 34 41 investments investment NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 34 42 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 34 43 how how WRB cord-021959-1y67126b 34 44 they -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 34 45 should should MD cord-021959-1y67126b 34 46 assess assess VB cord-021959-1y67126b 34 47 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 34 48 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 34 49 features feature NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 34 50 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 34 51 these these DT cord-021959-1y67126b 34 52 investments investment NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 34 53 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 35 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-021959-1y67126b 35 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 35 3 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 35 4 CAPM CAPM NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 35 5 assumes assume VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 35 6 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 35 7 because because IN cord-021959-1y67126b 35 8 investors investor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 35 9 can can MD cord-021959-1y67126b 35 10 eliminate eliminate VB cord-021959-1y67126b 35 11 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 35 12 risks risk NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 35 13 they -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 35 14 do do VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 35 15 not not RB cord-021959-1y67126b 35 16 wish wish VB cord-021959-1y67126b 35 17 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 35 18 bear bear VB cord-021959-1y67126b 35 19 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 35 20 at at IN cord-021959-1y67126b 35 21 relatively relatively RB cord-021959-1y67126b 35 22 low low JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 35 23 costs cost NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 35 24 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 35 25 them -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 35 26 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 35 27 through through IN cord-021959-1y67126b 35 28 diversification diversification NN cord-021959-1y67126b 35 29 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 35 30 other other JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 35 31 financial financial JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 35 32 strategies strategy NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 35 33 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 35 34 there there EX cord-021959-1y67126b 35 35 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 35 36 little little JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 35 37 need need NN cord-021959-1y67126b 35 38 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 35 39 therefore therefore RB cord-021959-1y67126b 35 40 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 35 41 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 35 42 managers manager NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 35 43 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 35 44 engage engage VB cord-021959-1y67126b 35 45 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 35 46 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 35 47 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 35 48 management management NN cord-021959-1y67126b 35 49 activities activity NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 35 50 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 35 51 Lubatkin Lubatkin NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 35 52 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 35 53 Schulze Schulze NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 35 54 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 35 55 2003 2003 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 35 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 35 57 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 36 1 In in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 36 2 contrast contrast NN cord-021959-1y67126b 36 3 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 36 4 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 36 5 field field NN cord-021959-1y67126b 36 6 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 36 7 strategic strategic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 36 8 management management NN cord-021959-1y67126b 36 9 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 36 10 based base VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 36 11 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 36 12 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 36 13 premise premise NN cord-021959-1y67126b 36 14 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 36 15 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 36 16 gain gain VB cord-021959-1y67126b 36 17 competitive competitive JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 36 18 advantage advantage NN cord-021959-1y67126b 36 19 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 36 20 firms firm NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 36 21 must must MD cord-021959-1y67126b 36 22 make make VB cord-021959-1y67126b 36 23 strategic strategic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 36 24 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 36 25 or or CC cord-021959-1y67126b 36 26 hard hard JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 36 27 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 36 28 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 36 29 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 36 30 reverse reverse NN cord-021959-1y67126b 36 31 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 36 32 investments investment NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 36 33 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 36 34 competitive competitive JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 36 35 methods method NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 36 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 36 37 portfolios portfolio NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 36 38 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 36 39 products product NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 36 40 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 36 41 services service NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 36 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 36 43 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 36 44 create create VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 36 45 value value NN cord-021959-1y67126b 36 46 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 36 47 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 36 48 shareholders shareholder NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 36 49 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 36 50 employees employee NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 36 51 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 36 52 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 36 53 customers customer NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 36 54 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 36 55 ways way NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 36 56 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 36 57 rivals rival NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 36 58 will will MD cord-021959-1y67126b 36 59 have have VB cord-021959-1y67126b 36 60 difficulty difficulty NN cord-021959-1y67126b 36 61 imitating imitate VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 36 62 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 36 63 Olsen Olsen NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 36 64 et et NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 36 65 al al NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 36 66 . . NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 36 67 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 36 68 1998 1998 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 36 69 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 36 70 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 37 1 These these DT cord-021959-1y67126b 37 2 investments investment NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 37 3 enable enable VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 37 4 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 37 5 firms firm NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 37 6 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 37 7 protect protect VB cord-021959-1y67126b 37 8 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 37 9 earnings earning NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 37 10 from from IN cord-021959-1y67126b 37 11 competitive competitive JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 37 12 pressure pressure NN cord-021959-1y67126b 37 13 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 37 14 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 37 15 allow allow VB cord-021959-1y67126b 37 16 firms firm NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 37 17 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 37 18 increase increase VB cord-021959-1y67126b 37 19 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 37 20 level level NN cord-021959-1y67126b 37 21 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 37 22 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 37 23 future future JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 37 24 cash cash NN cord-021959-1y67126b 37 25 flow flow NN cord-021959-1y67126b 37 26 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 37 27 while while IN cord-021959-1y67126b 37 28 simultaneously simultaneously RB cord-021959-1y67126b 37 29 reducing reduce VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 37 30 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 37 31 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-021959-1y67126b 37 32 associated associate VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 37 33 with with IN cord-021959-1y67126b 37 34 them -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 37 35 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 38 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 38 2 management management NN cord-021959-1y67126b 38 3 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 38 4 firmspecific firmspecific JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 38 5 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 38 6 lies lie VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 38 7 at at IN cord-021959-1y67126b 38 8 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 38 9 heart heart NN cord-021959-1y67126b 38 10 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 38 11 strategic strategic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 38 12 management management NN cord-021959-1y67126b 38 13 theories theory NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 38 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 38 15 Bettis Bettis NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 38 16 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 38 17 1983 1983 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 38 18 ; ; : cord-021959-1y67126b 38 19 Lubatkin Lubatkin NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 38 20 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 38 21 Schulze Schulze NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 38 22 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 38 23 2003 2003 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 38 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 38 25 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 38 26 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 38 27 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 38 28 from from IN cord-021959-1y67126b 38 29 this this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 38 30 perspective perspective NN cord-021959-1y67126b 38 31 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 38 32 management management NN cord-021959-1y67126b 38 33 must must MD cord-021959-1y67126b 38 34 work work VB cord-021959-1y67126b 38 35 hard hard RB cord-021959-1y67126b 38 36 at at IN cord-021959-1y67126b 38 37 avoiding avoid VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 38 38 investments investment NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 38 39 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 38 40 create create VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 38 41 additional additional JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 38 42 levels level NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 38 43 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 38 44 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 38 45 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 38 46 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 38 47 firm firm NN cord-021959-1y67126b 38 48 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 39 1 Bettis Bettis NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 39 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 39 3 1983 1983 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 39 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 39 5 further further RB cord-021959-1y67126b 39 6 affirms affirm VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 39 7 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 39 8 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 39 9 CAPM CAPM NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 39 10 's 's POS cord-021959-1y67126b 39 11 emphasis emphasis NN cord-021959-1y67126b 39 12 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 39 13 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 39 14 equilibration equilibration NN cord-021959-1y67126b 39 15 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 39 16 returns return NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 39 17 across across IN cord-021959-1y67126b 39 18 firms firm NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 39 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 39 20 i.e. i.e. FW cord-021959-1y67126b 39 21 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 39 22 systematic systematic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 39 23 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 39 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 39 25 relegates relegate VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 39 26 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 39 27 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 39 28 secondary secondary JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 39 29 role role NN cord-021959-1y67126b 39 30 strategy strategy NN cord-021959-1y67126b 39 31 's 's POS cord-021959-1y67126b 39 32 central central JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 39 33 concern concern NN cord-021959-1y67126b 39 34 with with IN cord-021959-1y67126b 39 35 managerial managerial JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 39 36 actions action NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 39 37 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 39 38 seek seek VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 39 39 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 39 40 delay delay VB cord-021959-1y67126b 39 41 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 39 42 calibration calibration NN cord-021959-1y67126b 39 43 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 39 44 returns return NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 39 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 39 46 i.e. i.e. FW cord-021959-1y67126b 39 47 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 39 48 unsystematic unsystematic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 39 49 risks risk NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 39 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 39 51 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 40 1 Thus thus RB cord-021959-1y67126b 40 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 40 3 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 40 4 claim claim NN cord-021959-1y67126b 40 5 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 40 6 systematic systematic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 40 7 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 40 8 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 40 9 paramount paramount NN cord-021959-1y67126b 40 10 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 40 11 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 40 12 firm firm NN cord-021959-1y67126b 40 13 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 40 14 undermined undermine VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 40 15 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 40 16 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 40 17 two two CD cord-021959-1y67126b 40 18 arguable arguable JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 40 19 assumptions assumption NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 40 20 from from IN cord-021959-1y67126b 40 21 portfolio portfolio NN cord-021959-1y67126b 40 22 theory theory NN cord-021959-1y67126b 40 23 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 40 24 stockholders stockholder NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 40 25 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 40 26 fully fully RB cord-021959-1y67126b 40 27 diversified diversified JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 40 28 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 40 29 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 40 30 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 40 31 capital capital NN cord-021959-1y67126b 40 32 markets market NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 40 33 operate operate VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 40 34 without without IN cord-021959-1y67126b 40 35 such such JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 40 36 imperfections imperfection NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 40 37 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 40 38 transaction transaction NN cord-021959-1y67126b 40 39 costs cost NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 40 40 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 40 41 taxes taxis NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 40 42 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 41 1 Some some DT cord-021959-1y67126b 41 2 stockholders stockholder NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 41 3 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 41 4 however however RB cord-021959-1y67126b 41 5 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 41 6 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 41 7 not not RB cord-021959-1y67126b 41 8 fully fully RB cord-021959-1y67126b 41 9 diversified diversify VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 41 10 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 41 11 particularly particularly RB cord-021959-1y67126b 41 12 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 41 13 corporate corporate JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 41 14 managers manager NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 41 15 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 41 16 who who WP cord-021959-1y67126b 41 17 have have VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 41 18 heavily heavily RB cord-021959-1y67126b 41 19 invested invest VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 41 20 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 41 21 both both CC cord-021959-1y67126b 41 22 financially financially RB cord-021959-1y67126b 41 23 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 41 24 personally personally RB cord-021959-1y67126b 41 25 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 41 26 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 41 27 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 41 28 single single JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 41 29 company company NN cord-021959-1y67126b 41 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 41 31 Vancil Vancil NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 41 32 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 41 33 1987 1987 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 41 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 41 35 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 42 1 Also also RB cord-021959-1y67126b 42 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 42 3 transaction transaction NN cord-021959-1y67126b 42 4 costs cost NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 42 5 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 42 6 such such JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 42 7 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 42 8 brokerage brokerage NN cord-021959-1y67126b 42 9 fees fee NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 42 10 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 42 11 act act VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 42 12 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 42 13 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 42 14 minor minor JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 42 15 impediment impediment NN cord-021959-1y67126b 42 16 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 42 17 inhibiting inhibit VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 42 18 other other JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 42 19 stockholders stockholder NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 42 20 from from IN cord-021959-1y67126b 42 21 completely completely RB cord-021959-1y67126b 42 22 eliminating eliminate VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 42 23 unsystematic unsystematic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 42 24 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 42 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 42 26 Constantinides Constantinides NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 42 27 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 42 28 1986 1986 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 42 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 42 30 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 43 1 Finally finally RB cord-021959-1y67126b 43 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 43 3 taxes taxis NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 43 4 make make VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 43 5 all all DT cord-021959-1y67126b 43 6 stockholders stockholder NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 43 7 somewhat somewhat RB cord-021959-1y67126b 43 8 concerned concerned JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 43 9 with with IN cord-021959-1y67126b 43 10 unsystematic unsystematic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 43 11 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 43 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 43 13 Amit Amit NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 43 14 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 43 15 Wernerfelt Wernerfelt NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 43 16 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 43 17 1990 1990 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 43 18 ; ; : cord-021959-1y67126b 43 19 Hayn Hayn NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 43 20 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 43 21 1989 1989 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 43 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 43 23 because because IN cord-021959-1y67126b 43 24 interest interest NN cord-021959-1y67126b 43 25 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 43 26 debt debt NN cord-021959-1y67126b 43 27 financing financing NN cord-021959-1y67126b 43 28 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 43 29 tax tax NN cord-021959-1y67126b 43 30 deductible deductible NN cord-021959-1y67126b 43 31 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 43 32 thereby thereby RB cord-021959-1y67126b 43 33 allowing allow VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 43 34 firms firm NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 43 35 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 43 36 pass pass VB cord-021959-1y67126b 43 37 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 43 38 portion portion NN cord-021959-1y67126b 43 39 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 43 40 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 43 41 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 43 42 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 43 43 capital capital NN cord-021959-1y67126b 43 44 from from IN cord-021959-1y67126b 43 45 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 43 46 stockholders stockholder NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 43 47 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 43 48 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 43 49 government government NN cord-021959-1y67126b 43 50 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 44 1 Thus thus RB cord-021959-1y67126b 44 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 44 3 firms firm NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 44 4 can can MD cord-021959-1y67126b 44 5 create create VB cord-021959-1y67126b 44 6 value value NN cord-021959-1y67126b 44 7 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 44 8 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 44 9 stockholders stockholder NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 44 10 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 44 11 within within IN cord-021959-1y67126b 44 12 limits limit NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 44 13 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 44 14 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 44 15 financing finance VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 44 16 investments investment NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 44 17 with with IN cord-021959-1y67126b 44 18 debt debt NN cord-021959-1y67126b 44 19 rather rather RB cord-021959-1y67126b 44 20 than than IN cord-021959-1y67126b 44 21 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 44 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 44 23 Kaplan Kaplan NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 44 24 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 44 25 1989 1989 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 44 26 ; ; : cord-021959-1y67126b 44 27 Smith Smith NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 44 28 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 44 29 1990 1990 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 44 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 44 31 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 45 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 45 2 limits limit NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 45 3 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 45 4 determined determine VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 45 5 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 45 6 part part NN cord-021959-1y67126b 45 7 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 45 8 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 45 9 amount amount NN cord-021959-1y67126b 45 10 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 45 11 firm firm NN cord-021959-1y67126b 45 12 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 45 13 allowed allow VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 45 14 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 45 15 borrow borrow VB cord-021959-1y67126b 45 16 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 45 17 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 45 18 terms term NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 45 19 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 45 20 such such JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 45 21 debt debt NN cord-021959-1y67126b 45 22 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 45 23 both both DT cord-021959-1y67126b 45 24 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 45 25 which which WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 45 26 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 45 27 contingent contingent JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 45 28 upon upon IN cord-021959-1y67126b 45 29 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 45 30 unsystematic unsystematic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 45 31 variation variation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 45 32 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 45 33 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 45 34 firm firm NN cord-021959-1y67126b 45 35 's 's POS cord-021959-1y67126b 45 36 income income NN cord-021959-1y67126b 45 37 streams stream NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 45 38 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 46 1 Lubatkin Lubatkin NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 46 2 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 46 3 Chatterjee Chatterjee NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 46 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 46 5 1994 1994 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 46 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 46 7 contend contend VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 46 8 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 46 9 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 46 10 debt debt NN cord-021959-1y67126b 46 11 markets market NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 46 12 favour favour VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 46 13 firms firm NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 46 14 with with IN cord-021959-1y67126b 46 15 low low JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 46 16 unsystematic unsystematic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 46 17 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 46 18 because because IN cord-021959-1y67126b 46 19 they -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 46 20 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 46 21 less less RBR cord-021959-1y67126b 46 22 likely likely JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 46 23 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 46 24 default default VB cord-021959-1y67126b 46 25 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 46 26 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 46 27 loans loan NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 46 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 46 29 this this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 46 30 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 46 31 particularly particularly RB cord-021959-1y67126b 46 32 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 46 33 case case NN cord-021959-1y67126b 46 34 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 46 35 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 46 36 hospitality hospitality NN cord-021959-1y67126b 46 37 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 46 38 firms firm NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 46 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 46 40 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 47 1 In in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 47 2 summary summary NN cord-021959-1y67126b 47 3 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 47 4 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 47 5 discussion discussion NN cord-021959-1y67126b 47 6 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 47 7 partially partially RB cord-021959-1y67126b 47 8 diversified diversify VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 47 9 stockholders stockholder NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 47 10 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 47 11 transaction transaction NN cord-021959-1y67126b 47 12 costs cost NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 47 13 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 47 14 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 47 15 leverage leverage NN cord-021959-1y67126b 47 16 suggests suggest VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 47 17 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 47 18 some some DT cord-021959-1y67126b 47 19 stockholders stockholder NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 47 20 may may MD cord-021959-1y67126b 47 21 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 47 22 concerned concern VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 47 23 with with IN cord-021959-1y67126b 47 24 unsystematic unsystematic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 47 25 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 47 26 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 47 27 factor factor VB cord-021959-1y67126b 47 28 it -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 47 29 along along IN cord-021959-1y67126b 47 30 with with IN cord-021959-1y67126b 47 31 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 47 32 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 47 33 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 47 34 determine determine VB cord-021959-1y67126b 47 35 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 47 36 value value NN cord-021959-1y67126b 47 37 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 47 38 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 47 39 firm firm NN cord-021959-1y67126b 47 40 's 's POS cord-021959-1y67126b 47 41 stock stock NN cord-021959-1y67126b 47 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 47 43 Amit Amit NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 47 44 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 47 45 Wernerfelt Wernerfelt NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 47 46 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 47 47 1990 1990 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 47 48 ; ; : cord-021959-1y67126b 47 49 Aron Aron NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 47 50 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 47 51 1988 1988 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 47 52 ; ; : cord-021959-1y67126b 47 53 Lubatkin Lubatkin NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 47 54 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 47 55 Schulze Schulze NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 47 56 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 47 57 2003 2003 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 47 58 ; ; : cord-021959-1y67126b 47 59 Marshall Marshall NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 47 60 et et NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 47 61 al al NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 47 62 . . NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 47 63 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 47 64 1984 1984 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 47 65 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 47 66 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 48 1 Cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 48 2 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 48 3 capital capital NN cord-021959-1y67126b 48 4 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 48 5 defined define VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 48 6 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 48 7 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 48 8 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 48 9 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 48 10 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 48 11 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 48 12 firm firm NN cord-021959-1y67126b 48 13 must must MD cord-021959-1y67126b 48 14 earn earn VB cord-021959-1y67126b 48 15 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 48 16 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 48 17 investment investment NN cord-021959-1y67126b 48 18 projects project NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 48 19 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 48 20 order order NN cord-021959-1y67126b 48 21 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 48 22 maintain maintain VB cord-021959-1y67126b 48 23 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 48 24 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 48 25 value value NN cord-021959-1y67126b 48 26 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 48 27 continue continue VB cord-021959-1y67126b 48 28 attracting attract VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 48 29 needed need VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 48 30 funds fund NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 48 31 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 48 32 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 48 33 operations operation NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 48 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 48 35 Fields Fields NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 48 36 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 48 37 Kwansa Kwansa NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 48 38 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 48 39 1993 1993 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 48 40 ; ; : cord-021959-1y67126b 48 41 Gitman Gitman NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 48 42 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 48 43 1991 1991 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 48 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 48 45 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 49 1 Consequently consequently RB cord-021959-1y67126b 49 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 49 3 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 49 4 firm firm NN cord-021959-1y67126b 49 5 adds add VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 49 6 shareholder shareholder NN cord-021959-1y67126b 49 7 wealth wealth NN cord-021959-1y67126b 49 8 when when WRB cord-021959-1y67126b 49 9 it -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 49 10 undertakes undertake VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 49 11 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 49 12 projects project NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 49 13 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 49 14 generate generate VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 49 15 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 49 16 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 49 17 higher high JJR cord-021959-1y67126b 49 18 than than IN cord-021959-1y67126b 49 19 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 49 20 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 49 21 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 49 22 capital capital NN cord-021959-1y67126b 49 23 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 49 24 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 49 25 project project NN cord-021959-1y67126b 49 26 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 50 1 Cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 50 2 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 50 3 capital capital NN cord-021959-1y67126b 50 4 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 50 5 an an DT cord-021959-1y67126b 50 6 anchor anchor NN cord-021959-1y67126b 50 7 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 50 8 firm firm JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 50 9 valuation valuation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 50 10 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 50 11 project project NN cord-021959-1y67126b 50 12 valuation valuation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 50 13 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 50 14 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 50 15 capital capital NN cord-021959-1y67126b 50 16 investment investment NN cord-021959-1y67126b 50 17 decisions decision NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 50 18 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 51 1 Cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 51 2 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 51 3 capital capital NN cord-021959-1y67126b 51 4 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 51 5 generally generally RB cord-021959-1y67126b 51 6 referred refer VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 51 7 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 51 8 as as RB cord-021959-1y67126b 51 9 weighted weighted JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 51 10 average average JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 51 11 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 51 12 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 51 13 capital capital NN cord-021959-1y67126b 51 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 51 15 WACC WACC NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 51 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 51 17 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 51 18 where where WRB cord-021959-1y67126b 51 19 E E NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 51 20 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 51 21 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 51 22 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 51 23 value value NN cord-021959-1y67126b 51 24 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 51 25 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 51 26 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 51 27 D D NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 51 28 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 51 29 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 51 30 value value NN cord-021959-1y67126b 51 31 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 51 32 debt debt NN cord-021959-1y67126b 51 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 51 34 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 52 1 thus thus RB cord-021959-1y67126b 52 2 V V NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 52 3 ϭ ϭ NN cord-021959-1y67126b 52 4 E e NN cord-021959-1y67126b 52 5 ϩ ϩ NN cord-021959-1y67126b 52 6 D d NN cord-021959-1y67126b 52 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 52 8 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 52 9 T T NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 52 10 c c NN cord-021959-1y67126b 52 11 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 52 12 corporate corporate JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 52 13 tax tax NN cord-021959-1y67126b 52 14 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 52 15 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 52 16 R r NN cord-021959-1y67126b 52 17 E e NN cord-021959-1y67126b 52 18 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 52 19 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 52 20 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 52 21 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 52 22 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 52 23 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 52 24 R r NN cord-021959-1y67126b 52 25 D d NN cord-021959-1y67126b 53 1 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 53 2 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 53 3 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 53 4 debt debt NN cord-021959-1y67126b 53 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 53 6 Copeland Copeland NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 53 7 et et NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 53 8 al al NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 53 9 . . NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 53 10 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 53 11 2000 2000 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 53 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 53 13 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 54 1 Both both DT cord-021959-1y67126b 54 2 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 54 3 these these DT cord-021959-1y67126b 54 4 items item NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 54 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 54 6 R r NN cord-021959-1y67126b 54 7 D d NN cord-021959-1y67126b 54 8 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 54 9 R r NN cord-021959-1y67126b 54 10 E e NN cord-021959-1y67126b 54 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 54 12 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 54 13 difficult difficult JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 54 14 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 54 15 estimate estimate VB cord-021959-1y67126b 54 16 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 54 17 require require VB cord-021959-1y67126b 54 18 some some DT cord-021959-1y67126b 54 19 careful careful JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 54 20 deliberations deliberation NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 54 21 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 55 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 55 2 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 55 3 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 55 4 debt debt NN cord-021959-1y67126b 55 5 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 55 6 relatively relatively RB cord-021959-1y67126b 55 7 simpler simple JJR cord-021959-1y67126b 55 8 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 55 9 calculate calculate VB cord-021959-1y67126b 55 10 when when WRB cord-021959-1y67126b 55 11 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 55 12 hypothetical hypothetical JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 55 13 firm firm JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 55 14 issues issue NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 55 15 bonds bond NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 55 16 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 55 17 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 55 18 rated rate VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 55 19 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 55 20 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 55 21 major major JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 55 22 bond bond NN cord-021959-1y67126b 55 23 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 55 24 rating rate VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 55 25 agencies agency NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 55 26 such such JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 55 27 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 55 28 Standard Standard NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 55 29 & & CC cord-021959-1y67126b 55 30 Poor Poor NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 55 31 's 's POS cord-021959-1y67126b 55 32 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 55 33 Moody Moody NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 55 34 's 's POS cord-021959-1y67126b 55 35 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 56 1 Thus thus RB cord-021959-1y67126b 56 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 56 3 these these DT cord-021959-1y67126b 56 4 ratings rating NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 56 5 may may MD cord-021959-1y67126b 56 6 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 56 7 used use VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 56 8 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 56 9 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 56 10 guide guide NN cord-021959-1y67126b 56 11 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 56 12 computing compute VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 56 13 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 56 14 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 56 15 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 56 16 debt debt NN cord-021959-1y67126b 56 17 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 57 1 In in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 57 2 addition addition NN cord-021959-1y67126b 57 3 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 57 4 an an DT cord-021959-1y67126b 57 5 investor investor NN cord-021959-1y67126b 57 6 may may MD cord-021959-1y67126b 57 7 use use VB cord-021959-1y67126b 57 8 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 57 9 bond bond NN cord-021959-1y67126b 57 10 's 's POS cord-021959-1y67126b 57 11 yield yield NN cord-021959-1y67126b 57 12 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 57 13 maturity maturity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 57 14 or or CC cord-021959-1y67126b 57 15 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 57 16 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 57 17 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 57 18 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 57 19 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 57 20 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 57 21 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 57 22 congruence congruence NN cord-021959-1y67126b 57 23 with with IN cord-021959-1y67126b 57 24 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 57 25 rating rating NN cord-021959-1y67126b 57 26 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 57 27 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 57 28 bond bond NN cord-021959-1y67126b 57 29 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 58 1 Averaging average VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 58 2 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 58 3 interest interest NN cord-021959-1y67126b 58 4 rates rate NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 58 5 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 58 6 long long JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 58 7 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 58 8 term term NN cord-021959-1y67126b 58 9 obligations obligation NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 58 10 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 58 11 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 58 12 firm firm NN cord-021959-1y67126b 58 13 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 58 14 another another DT cord-021959-1y67126b 58 15 method method NN cord-021959-1y67126b 58 16 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 58 17 calculate calculate VB cord-021959-1y67126b 58 18 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 58 19 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 58 20 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 58 21 debt debt NN cord-021959-1y67126b 58 22 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 59 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 59 2 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 59 3 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 59 4 debt debt NN cord-021959-1y67126b 59 5 estimation estimation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 59 6 becomes become VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 59 7 difficult difficult JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 59 8 when when WRB cord-021959-1y67126b 59 9 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 59 10 given give VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 59 11 firm firm NN cord-021959-1y67126b 59 12 has have VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 59 13 no no DT cord-021959-1y67126b 59 14 bonds bond NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 59 15 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 59 16 no no DT cord-021959-1y67126b 59 17 outstanding outstanding JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 59 18 long long JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 59 19 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 59 20 term term NN cord-021959-1y67126b 59 21 debt debt NN cord-021959-1y67126b 59 22 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 60 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 60 2 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 60 3 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 60 4 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 60 5 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 60 6 difficult difficult JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 60 7 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 60 8 estimate estimate VB cord-021959-1y67126b 60 9 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 60 10 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 60 11 own own JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 60 12 right right NN cord-021959-1y67126b 60 13 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 61 1 First first RB cord-021959-1y67126b 61 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 61 3 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 61 4 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 61 5 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 61 6 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 61 7 generally generally RB cord-021959-1y67126b 61 8 estimated estimate VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 61 9 using use VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 61 10 historical historical JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 61 11 data datum NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 61 12 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 61 13 which which WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 61 14 may may MD cord-021959-1y67126b 61 15 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 61 16 confounded confound VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 61 17 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 61 18 business business NN cord-021959-1y67126b 61 19 cycles cycle NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 61 20 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 61 21 abnormal abnormal JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 62 1 • • NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 63 1 • • NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 64 1 • • NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 64 2 events event NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 64 3 affecting affect VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 64 4 firm firm JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 64 5 stock stock NN cord-021959-1y67126b 64 6 returns return NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 64 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 64 8 e.g. e.g. RB cord-021959-1y67126b 64 9 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 64 10 fire fire NN cord-021959-1y67126b 64 11 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 64 12 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 64 13 hotel hotel NN cord-021959-1y67126b 64 14 property property NN cord-021959-1y67126b 64 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 64 16 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 64 17 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 64 18 returns return NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 64 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 64 20 e.g. e.g. RB cord-021959-1y67126b 64 21 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 64 22 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 64 23 terrorism terrorism NN cord-021959-1y67126b 64 24 events event NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 64 25 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 64 26 11 11 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 64 27 September September NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 64 28 2001 2001 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 64 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 64 30 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 65 1 Second second RB cord-021959-1y67126b 65 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 65 3 although although IN cord-021959-1y67126b 65 4 several several JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 65 5 methods method NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 65 6 were be VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 65 7 developed develop VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 65 8 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 65 9 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 65 10 last last JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 65 11 40 40 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 65 12 years year NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 65 13 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 65 14 there there EX cord-021959-1y67126b 65 15 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 65 16 not not RB cord-021959-1y67126b 65 17 one one CD cord-021959-1y67126b 65 18 single single JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 65 19 method method NN cord-021959-1y67126b 65 20 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 65 21 produces produce VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 65 22 consistent consistent JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 65 23 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 65 24 reliable reliable JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 65 25 estimates estimate NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 65 26 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 66 1 Last last RB cord-021959-1y67126b 66 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 66 3 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 66 4 hypothetical hypothetical JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 66 5 executive/ executive/ CD cord-021959-1y67126b 66 6 entrepreneur entrepreneur NN cord-021959-1y67126b 66 7 will will MD cord-021959-1y67126b 66 8 face face VB cord-021959-1y67126b 66 9 greater great JJR cord-021959-1y67126b 66 10 challenges challenge NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 66 11 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 66 12 he -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 66 13 / / SYM cord-021959-1y67126b 66 14 she -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 66 15 needs need VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 66 16 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 66 17 estimate estimate VB cord-021959-1y67126b 66 18 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 66 19 required require VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 66 20 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 66 21 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 66 22 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 66 23 single single JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 66 24 restaurant restaurant NN cord-021959-1y67126b 66 25 / / SYM cord-021959-1y67126b 66 26 hotel hotel NN cord-021959-1y67126b 66 27 unit unit NN cord-021959-1y67126b 66 28 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 67 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 67 2 next next JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 67 3 section section NN cord-021959-1y67126b 67 4 covers cover VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 67 5 some some DT cord-021959-1y67126b 67 6 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 67 7 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 67 8 common common JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 67 9 methods method NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 67 10 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 67 11 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 67 12 used use VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 67 13 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 67 14 practitioners practitioner NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 67 15 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 67 16 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 67 17 fields field NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 67 18 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 67 19 financial financial JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 67 20 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 67 21 strategic strategic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 67 22 management management NN cord-021959-1y67126b 67 23 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 68 1 Cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 68 2 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 68 3 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 68 4 can can MD cord-021959-1y67126b 68 5 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 68 6 defined define VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 68 7 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 68 8 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 68 9 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 68 10 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 68 11 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 68 12 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 68 13 firm firm NN cord-021959-1y67126b 68 14 must must MD cord-021959-1y67126b 68 15 deliver deliver VB cord-021959-1y67126b 68 16 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 68 17 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 68 18 shareholders shareholder NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 68 19 who who WP cord-021959-1y67126b 68 20 have have VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 68 21 foregone foregone JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 68 22 other other JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 68 23 investment investment NN cord-021959-1y67126b 68 24 opportunities opportunity NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 68 25 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 68 26 elected elect VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 68 27 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 68 28 invest invest VB cord-021959-1y67126b 68 29 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 68 30 this this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 68 31 particular particular JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 68 32 company company NN cord-021959-1y67126b 68 33 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 69 1 However however RB cord-021959-1y67126b 69 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 69 3 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 69 4 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 69 5 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 69 6 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 69 7 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 69 8 complex complex JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 69 9 concept concept NN cord-021959-1y67126b 69 10 because because IN cord-021959-1y67126b 69 11 firms firm NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 69 12 do do VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 69 13 not not RB cord-021959-1y67126b 69 14 promise promise VB cord-021959-1y67126b 69 15 paying pay VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 69 16 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 69 17 certain certain JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 69 18 level level NN cord-021959-1y67126b 69 19 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 69 20 dividends dividend NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 69 21 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 69 22 delivering deliver VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 69 23 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 69 24 certain certain JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 69 25 level level NN cord-021959-1y67126b 69 26 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 69 27 stock stock NN cord-021959-1y67126b 69 28 returns return NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 69 29 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 70 1 Thus thus RB cord-021959-1y67126b 70 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 70 3 since since IN cord-021959-1y67126b 70 4 there there EX cord-021959-1y67126b 70 5 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 70 6 no no DT cord-021959-1y67126b 70 7 contractual contractual JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 70 8 agreement agreement NN cord-021959-1y67126b 70 9 between between IN cord-021959-1y67126b 70 10 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 70 11 shareholders shareholder NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 70 12 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 70 13 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 70 14 firm firm NN cord-021959-1y67126b 70 15 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 70 16 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 70 17 expected expect VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 70 18 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 70 19 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 70 20 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 70 21 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 70 22 invested invest VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 70 23 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 70 24 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 70 25 extremely extremely RB cord-021959-1y67126b 70 26 challenging challenging JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 70 27 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 70 28 estimate estimate VB cord-021959-1y67126b 70 29 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 71 1 Fortunately fortunately RB cord-021959-1y67126b 71 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 71 3 there there EX cord-021959-1y67126b 71 4 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 71 5 some some DT cord-021959-1y67126b 71 6 models model NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 71 7 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 71 8 can can MD cord-021959-1y67126b 71 9 help help VB cord-021959-1y67126b 71 10 us -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 71 11 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 71 12 tackling tackle VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 71 13 this this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 71 14 challenging challenging JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 71 15 task task NN cord-021959-1y67126b 71 16 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 72 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 72 2 next next JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 72 3 section section NN cord-021959-1y67126b 72 4 will will MD cord-021959-1y67126b 72 5 cover cover VB cord-021959-1y67126b 72 6 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 72 7 major major JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 72 8 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 72 9 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 72 10 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 72 11 models model NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 72 12 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 72 13 gained gain VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 72 14 prominence prominence NN cord-021959-1y67126b 72 15 among among IN cord-021959-1y67126b 72 16 practitioners practitioner NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 72 17 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 72 18 researchers researcher NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 72 19 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 72 20 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 72 21 last last JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 72 22 four four CD cord-021959-1y67126b 72 23 decades decade NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 72 24 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 73 1 One one CD cord-021959-1y67126b 73 2 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 73 3 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 73 4 early early JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 73 5 forward forward RB cord-021959-1y67126b 73 6 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 73 7 looking look VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 73 8 methodologies methodology NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 73 9 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 73 10 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 73 11 dividend dividend NN cord-021959-1y67126b 73 12 growth growth NN cord-021959-1y67126b 73 13 model model NN cord-021959-1y67126b 73 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 73 15 DGM DGM NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 73 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 73 17 originally originally RB cord-021959-1y67126b 73 18 developed develop VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 73 19 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 73 20 Gordon Gordon NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 73 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 73 22 1962 1962 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 73 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 73 24 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 74 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 74 2 offers offer VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 74 3 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 74 4 very very RB cord-021959-1y67126b 74 5 parsimonious parsimonious JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 74 6 method method NN cord-021959-1y67126b 74 7 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 74 8 estimating estimate VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 74 9 discount discount NN cord-021959-1y67126b 74 10 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 74 11 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 74 12 thus thus RB cord-021959-1y67126b 74 13 accounts account VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 74 14 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 74 15 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 74 16 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 75 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 75 2 dividend dividend NN cord-021959-1y67126b 75 3 growth growth NN cord-021959-1y67126b 75 4 approach approach NN cord-021959-1y67126b 75 5 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 75 6 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 75 7 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 75 8 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 75 9 states state NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 75 10 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 75 11 where where WRB cord-021959-1y67126b 75 12 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 75 13 k k NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 75 14 e e NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 75 15 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 75 16 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 75 17 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 75 18 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 75 19 common common JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 75 20 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 75 21 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 75 22 dps dps VB cord-021959-1y67126b 75 23 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 75 24 projected project VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 75 25 dividend dividend NN cord-021959-1y67126b 75 26 per per IN cord-021959-1y67126b 75 27 share share NN cord-021959-1y67126b 75 28 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 75 29 p p NN cord-021959-1y67126b 75 30 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 75 31 current current JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 75 32 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 75 33 price price NN cord-021959-1y67126b 75 34 per per IN cord-021959-1y67126b 75 35 share share NN cord-021959-1y67126b 75 36 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 75 37 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 75 38 g g NN cord-021959-1y67126b 75 39 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 75 40 projected project VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 75 41 dividend dividend NN cord-021959-1y67126b 75 42 growth growth NN cord-021959-1y67126b 75 43 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 75 44 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 76 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 76 2 model model NN cord-021959-1y67126b 76 3 assumes assume VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 76 4 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 76 5 over over IN cord-021959-1y67126b 76 6 time time NN cord-021959-1y67126b 76 7 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 76 8 successful successful JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 76 9 reinvestment reinvestment NN cord-021959-1y67126b 76 10 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 76 11 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 76 12 value value NN cord-021959-1y67126b 76 13 received receive VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 76 14 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 76 15 retained retain VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 76 16 earnings earning NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 76 17 will will MD cord-021959-1y67126b 76 18 lead lead VB cord-021959-1y67126b 76 19 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 76 20 growth growth NN cord-021959-1y67126b 76 21 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 76 22 growing grow VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 76 23 dividends dividend NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 76 24 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 77 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 77 2 approach approach NN cord-021959-1y67126b 77 3 suffers suffer VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 77 4 from from IN cord-021959-1y67126b 77 5 oversimplification oversimplification NN cord-021959-1y67126b 77 6 because because IN cord-021959-1y67126b 77 7 firms firm NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 77 8 vary vary VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 77 9 greatly greatly RB cord-021959-1y67126b 77 10 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 77 11 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 77 12 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 77 13 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 77 14 dividend dividend NN cord-021959-1y67126b 77 15 payout payout NN cord-021959-1y67126b 77 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 77 17 Helfert Helfert NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 77 18 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 77 19 2003 2003 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 77 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 77 21 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 78 1 This this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 78 2 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 78 3 due due JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 78 4 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 78 5 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 78 6 fact fact NN cord-021959-1y67126b 78 7 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 78 8 common common JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 78 9 stockholders stockholder NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 78 10 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 78 11 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 78 12 residual residual JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 78 13 owners owner NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 78 14 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 78 15 all all DT cord-021959-1y67126b 78 16 earnings earning NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 78 17 not not RB cord-021959-1y67126b 78 18 reserved reserve VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 78 19 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 78 20 other other JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 78 21 obligations obligation NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 78 22 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 78 23 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 78 24 dividends dividend NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 78 25 paid pay VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 78 26 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 78 27 usually usually RB cord-021959-1y67126b 78 28 only only RB cord-021959-1y67126b 78 29 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 78 30 portion portion NN cord-021959-1y67126b 78 31 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 78 32 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 78 33 earnings earning NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 78 34 accruing accrue VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 78 35 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 78 36 common common JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 78 37 shares share NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 78 38 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 79 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 79 2 other other JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 79 3 major major JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 79 4 difficulty difficulty NN cord-021959-1y67126b 79 5 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 79 6 applying apply VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 79 7 this this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 79 8 model model NN cord-021959-1y67126b 79 9 lies lie VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 79 10 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 79 11 determining determine VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 79 12 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 79 13 specific specific JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 79 14 dividend dividend NN cord-021959-1y67126b 79 15 growth growth NN cord-021959-1y67126b 79 16 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 79 17 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 79 18 which which WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 79 19 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 79 20 based base VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 79 21 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 79 22 future future JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 79 23 performance performance NN cord-021959-1y67126b 79 24 tempered temper VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 79 25 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 79 26 past past JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 79 27 experience experience NN cord-021959-1y67126b 79 28 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 80 1 Another another DT cord-021959-1y67126b 80 2 key key JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 80 3 issue issue NN cord-021959-1y67126b 80 4 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 80 5 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 80 6 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 80 7 model model NN cord-021959-1y67126b 80 8 becomes become VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 80 9 unusable unusable JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 80 10 when when WRB cord-021959-1y67126b 80 11 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 80 12 firm firm NN cord-021959-1y67126b 80 13 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 80 14 not not RB cord-021959-1y67126b 80 15 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 80 16 dividend dividend NN cord-021959-1y67126b 80 17 payer payer NN cord-021959-1y67126b 80 18 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 81 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 81 2 CAPM CAPM NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 81 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 81 4 Lintner Lintner NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 81 5 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 81 6 1965 1965 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 81 7 ; ; : cord-021959-1y67126b 81 8 Sharpe Sharpe NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 81 9 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 81 10 1964 1964 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 81 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 81 12 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 81 13 based base VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 81 14 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 81 15 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 81 16 assumption assumption NN cord-021959-1y67126b 81 17 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 81 18 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 81 19 positive positive JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 81 20 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 81 21 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 81 22 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 81 23 trade trade NN cord-021959-1y67126b 81 24 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 81 25 off off NN cord-021959-1y67126b 81 26 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 81 27 asserts assert VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 81 28 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 81 29 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 81 30 expected expect VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 81 31 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 81 32 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 81 33 an an DT cord-021959-1y67126b 81 34 asset asset NN cord-021959-1y67126b 81 35 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 81 36 determined determine VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 81 37 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 81 38 three three CD cord-021959-1y67126b 81 39 variables variable NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 81 40 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 81 41 β β NN cord-021959-1y67126b 81 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 81 43 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 81 44 function function NN cord-021959-1y67126b 81 45 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 81 46 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 81 47 stock stock NN cord-021959-1y67126b 81 48 's 's POS cord-021959-1y67126b 81 49 responsiveness responsiveness NN cord-021959-1y67126b 81 50 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 81 51 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 81 52 overall overall JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 81 53 movements movement NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 81 54 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 81 55 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 81 56 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 81 57 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 81 58 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 81 59 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 81 60 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 81 61 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 81 62 free free JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 81 63 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 81 64 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 81 65 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 81 66 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 81 67 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 81 68 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 81 69 expected expect VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 81 70 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 81 71 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 81 72 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 81 73 Fama Fama NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 81 74 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 81 75 French French NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 81 76 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 81 77 1992 1992 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 81 78 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 81 79 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 82 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 82 2 model model NN cord-021959-1y67126b 82 3 assumes assume VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 82 4 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 82 5 investors investor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 82 6 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 82 7 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 82 8 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 82 9 averse averse JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 82 10 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 82 11 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 82 12 when when WRB cord-021959-1y67126b 82 13 choosing choose VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 82 14 among among IN cord-021959-1y67126b 82 15 portfolios portfolio NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 82 16 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 82 17 they -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 82 18 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 82 19 only only RB cord-021959-1y67126b 82 20 concerned concerned JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 82 21 about about IN cord-021959-1y67126b 82 22 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 82 23 mean mean NN cord-021959-1y67126b 82 24 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 82 25 variance variance NN cord-021959-1y67126b 82 26 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 82 27 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 82 28 one one CD cord-021959-1y67126b 82 29 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 82 30 period period NN cord-021959-1y67126b 82 31 investment investment NN cord-021959-1y67126b 82 32 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 82 33 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 83 1 This this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 83 2 argument argument NN cord-021959-1y67126b 83 3 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 83 4 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 83 5 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 83 6 essence essence NN cord-021959-1y67126b 83 7 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 83 8 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 83 9 cornerstone cornerstone NN cord-021959-1y67126b 83 10 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 83 11 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 83 12 CAPM CAPM NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 83 13 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 84 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 84 2 model model NN cord-021959-1y67126b 84 3 can can MD cord-021959-1y67126b 84 4 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 84 5 stated state VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 84 6 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 84 7 where where WRB cord-021959-1y67126b 84 8 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 84 9 R R NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 84 10 m m NN cord-021959-1y67126b 84 11 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 84 12 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 84 13 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 84 14 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 84 15 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 84 16 stocks stock NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 84 17 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 84 18 securities security NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 84 19 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 84 20 R r NN cord-021959-1y67126b 84 21 f f NN cord-021959-1y67126b 84 22 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 84 23 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 84 24 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 84 25 free free JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 84 26 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 84 27 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 84 28 β β FW cord-021959-1y67126b 84 29 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 84 30 coefficient coefficient NN cord-021959-1y67126b 84 31 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 84 32 measures measure VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 84 33 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 84 34 covariance covariance NN cord-021959-1y67126b 84 35 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 84 36 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 84 37 risky risky JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 84 38 asset asset NN cord-021959-1y67126b 84 39 with with IN cord-021959-1y67126b 84 40 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 84 41 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 84 42 portfolio portfolio NN cord-021959-1y67126b 84 43 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 84 44 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 84 45 E E NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 84 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 84 47 R r NN cord-021959-1y67126b 84 48 i i NN cord-021959-1y67126b 84 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 84 50 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 84 51 expected expect VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 84 52 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 84 53 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 84 54 i i PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 84 55 stock stock NN cord-021959-1y67126b 84 56 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 85 1 Although although IN cord-021959-1y67126b 85 2 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 85 3 CAPM CAPM NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 85 4 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 85 5 touted tout VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 85 6 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 85 7 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 85 8 relatively relatively RB cord-021959-1y67126b 85 9 simple simple JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 85 10 application application NN cord-021959-1y67126b 85 11 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 85 12 several several JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 85 13 other other JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 85 14 studies study NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 85 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 85 16 Lakonishok Lakonishok NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 85 17 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 85 18 Shapiro Shapiro NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 85 19 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 85 20 1986 1986 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 85 21 ; ; : cord-021959-1y67126b 85 22 Reinganum Reinganum NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 85 23 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 85 24 1981 1981 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 85 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 86 1 present present JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 86 2 evidence evidence NN cord-021959-1y67126b 86 3 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 86 4 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 86 5 positive positive JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 86 6 relationship relationship NN cord-021959-1y67126b 86 7 between between IN cord-021959-1y67126b 86 8 β β NN cord-021959-1y67126b 86 9 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 86 10 returns return NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 86 11 could could MD cord-021959-1y67126b 86 12 not not RB cord-021959-1y67126b 86 13 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 86 14 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 86 15 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 86 16 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 86 17 period period NN cord-021959-1y67126b 86 18 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 86 19 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 87 1 Particularly particularly RB cord-021959-1y67126b 87 2 over over IN cord-021959-1y67126b 87 3 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 87 4 last last JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 87 5 two two CD cord-021959-1y67126b 87 6 decades decade NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 87 7 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 87 8 even even RB cord-021959-1y67126b 87 9 stronger strong JJR cord-021959-1y67126b 87 10 evidence evidence NN cord-021959-1y67126b 87 11 has have VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 87 12 been be VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 87 13 developed develop VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 87 14 against against IN cord-021959-1y67126b 87 15 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 87 16 CAPM CAPM NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 87 17 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 87 18 Fama Fama NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 87 19 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 87 20 French French NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 87 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 87 22 1992 1992 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 87 23 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 87 24 1997 1997 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 87 25 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 87 26 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 87 27 Roll Roll NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 87 28 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 87 29 Ross Ross NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 87 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 87 31 1994 1994 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 87 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 87 33 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 88 1 These these DT cord-021959-1y67126b 88 2 researchers researcher NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 88 3 challenged challenge VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 88 4 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 88 5 model model NN cord-021959-1y67126b 88 6 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 88 7 contending contend VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 88 8 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 88 9 it -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 88 10 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 88 11 difficult difficult JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 88 12 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 88 13 find find VB cord-021959-1y67126b 88 14 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 88 15 right right JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 88 16 proxy proxy NN cord-021959-1y67126b 88 17 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 88 18 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 88 19 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 88 20 portfolio portfolio NN cord-021959-1y67126b 88 21 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 88 22 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 88 23 CAPM CAPM NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 88 24 does do VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 88 25 not not RB cord-021959-1y67126b 88 26 appear appear VB cord-021959-1y67126b 88 27 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 88 28 accurately accurately RB cord-021959-1y67126b 88 29 reflect reflect VB cord-021959-1y67126b 88 30 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 88 31 firm firm JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 88 32 size size NN cord-021959-1y67126b 88 33 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 88 34 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 88 35 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 88 36 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 88 37 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 88 38 calculation calculation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 88 39 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 88 40 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 88 41 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 88 42 not not RB cord-021959-1y67126b 88 43 all all DT cord-021959-1y67126b 88 44 systematic systematic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 88 45 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 88 46 factors factor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 88 47 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 88 48 reflected reflect VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 88 49 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 88 50 returns return NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 88 51 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 88 52 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 88 53 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 88 54 portfolio portfolio NN cord-021959-1y67126b 88 55 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 89 1 From from IN cord-021959-1y67126b 89 2 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 89 3 strategic strategic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 89 4 management management NN cord-021959-1y67126b 89 5 perspective perspective NN cord-021959-1y67126b 89 6 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 89 7 business business NN cord-021959-1y67126b 89 8 executives executive NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 89 9 face face VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 89 10 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 89 11 following follow VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 89 12 issues issue NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 89 13 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 90 1 Implicit implicit JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 90 2 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 90 3 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 90 4 CAPM CAPM NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 90 5 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 90 6 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 90 7 recommendation recommendation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 90 8 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 90 9 managers manager NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 90 10 should should MD cord-021959-1y67126b 90 11 focus focus VB cord-021959-1y67126b 90 12 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 90 13 managing manage VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 90 14 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 90 15 firm firm NN cord-021959-1y67126b 90 16 's 's POS cord-021959-1y67126b 90 17 overall overall JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 90 18 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 90 19 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 90 20 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 90 21 focusing focus VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 90 22 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 90 23 β β NN cord-021959-1y67126b 90 24 or or CC cord-021959-1y67126b 90 25 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 90 26 firm firm NN cord-021959-1y67126b 90 27 's 's POS cord-021959-1y67126b 90 28 • • NN cord-021959-1y67126b 91 1 • • NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 92 1 • • LS cord-021959-1y67126b 92 2 systematic systematic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 92 3 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 92 4 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 92 5 not not RB cord-021959-1y67126b 92 6 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 92 7 concerned concern VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 92 8 with with IN cord-021959-1y67126b 92 9 what what WP cord-021959-1y67126b 92 10 strategists strategist NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 92 11 may may MD cord-021959-1y67126b 92 12 focus focus VB cord-021959-1y67126b 92 13 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 92 14 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 92 15 firm firm JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 92 16 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 92 17 specific specific JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 92 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 92 19 unsystematic unsystematic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 92 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 92 21 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 92 22 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 93 1 Chatterjee Chatterjee NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 93 2 et et NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 93 3 al al NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 93 4 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 94 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 94 2 1999 1999 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 94 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 94 4 claim claim VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 94 5 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 94 6 herein herein RB cord-021959-1y67126b 94 7 lie lie VB cord-021959-1y67126b 94 8 two two CD cord-021959-1y67126b 94 9 dilemmas dilemma NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 94 10 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 94 11 first first RB cord-021959-1y67126b 94 12 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 94 13 decreasing decrease VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 94 14 β β NN cord-021959-1y67126b 94 15 requires require VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 94 16 managers manager NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 94 17 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 94 18 reduce reduce VB cord-021959-1y67126b 94 19 investors investor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 94 20 ' ' POS cord-021959-1y67126b 94 21 exposure exposure NN cord-021959-1y67126b 94 22 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 94 23 macroeconomic macroeconomic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 94 24 uncertainties uncertainty NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 94 25 at at IN cord-021959-1y67126b 94 26 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 94 27 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 94 28 lower low JJR cord-021959-1y67126b 94 29 than than IN cord-021959-1y67126b 94 30 what what WP cord-021959-1y67126b 94 31 investors investor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 94 32 could could MD cord-021959-1y67126b 94 33 transact transact VB cord-021959-1y67126b 94 34 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 94 35 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 94 36 own own JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 94 37 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 94 38 diversifying diversify VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 94 39 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 94 40 own own JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 94 41 portfolio portfolio NN cord-021959-1y67126b 94 42 ; ; : cord-021959-1y67126b 94 43 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 94 44 second second RB cord-021959-1y67126b 94 45 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 94 46 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 94 47 downplay downplay VB cord-021959-1y67126b 94 48 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 94 49 importance importance NN cord-021959-1y67126b 94 50 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 94 51 firm firm JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 94 52 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 94 53 specific specific JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 94 54 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 94 55 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 94 56 not not RB cord-021959-1y67126b 94 57 only only RB cord-021959-1y67126b 94 58 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 94 59 contrary contrary JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 94 60 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 94 61 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 94 62 strategic strategic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 94 63 management management NN cord-021959-1y67126b 94 64 field field NN cord-021959-1y67126b 94 65 but but CC cord-021959-1y67126b 94 66 also also RB cord-021959-1y67126b 94 67 tempts tempt VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 94 68 corporate corporate JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 94 69 bankruptcy bankruptcy NN cord-021959-1y67126b 94 70 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 94 71 Bettis Bettis NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 94 72 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 94 73 1983 1983 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 94 74 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 94 75 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 95 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-021959-1y67126b 95 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 95 3 an an DT cord-021959-1y67126b 95 4 executive executive NN cord-021959-1y67126b 95 5 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 95 6 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 95 7 given give VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 95 8 company company NN cord-021959-1y67126b 95 9 has have VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 95 10 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 95 11 take take VB cord-021959-1y67126b 95 12 into into IN cord-021959-1y67126b 95 13 account account NN cord-021959-1y67126b 95 14 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 95 15 total total JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 95 16 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 95 17 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 95 18 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 95 19 project project NN cord-021959-1y67126b 95 20 because because IN cord-021959-1y67126b 95 21 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 95 22 unlike unlike IN cord-021959-1y67126b 95 23 investors investor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 95 24 holding hold VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 95 25 stocks stock NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 95 26 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 95 27 multiple multiple JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 95 28 companies company NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 95 29 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 95 30 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 95 31 executive executive NN cord-021959-1y67126b 95 32 may may MD cord-021959-1y67126b 95 33 not not RB cord-021959-1y67126b 95 34 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 95 35 able able JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 95 36 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 95 37 diversify diversify VB cord-021959-1y67126b 95 38 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 95 39 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 95 40 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 95 41 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 95 42 / / SYM cord-021959-1y67126b 95 43 her -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 95 44 company company NN cord-021959-1y67126b 95 45 's 's POS cord-021959-1y67126b 95 46 investment investment NN cord-021959-1y67126b 95 47 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 95 48 investing invest VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 95 49 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 95 50 multiple multiple JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 95 51 projects project NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 95 52 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 96 1 Another another DT cord-021959-1y67126b 96 2 prominent prominent JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 96 3 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 96 4 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 96 5 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 96 6 model model NN cord-021959-1y67126b 96 7 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 96 8 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 96 9 arbitrage arbitrage NN cord-021959-1y67126b 96 10 pricing pricing NN cord-021959-1y67126b 96 11 theory theory NN cord-021959-1y67126b 96 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 96 13 APT APT NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 96 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 96 15 developed develop VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 96 16 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 96 17 Ross Ross NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 96 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 96 19 1976 1976 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 96 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 96 21 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 97 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 97 2 model model NN cord-021959-1y67126b 97 3 states state VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 97 4 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 97 5 actors actor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 97 6 other other JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 97 7 than than IN cord-021959-1y67126b 97 8 β β NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 97 9 affect affect VB cord-021959-1y67126b 97 10 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 97 11 systematic systematic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 97 12 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 97 13 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 98 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 98 2 APT APT NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 98 3 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 98 4 based base VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 98 5 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 98 6 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 98 7 assumption assumption NN cord-021959-1y67126b 98 8 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 98 9 there there EX cord-021959-1y67126b 98 10 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 98 11 some some DT cord-021959-1y67126b 98 12 major major JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 98 13 macroeconomic macroeconomic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 98 14 factors factor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 98 15 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 98 16 influence influence VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 98 17 security security NN cord-021959-1y67126b 98 18 returns return NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 98 19 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 99 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 99 2 APT APT NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 99 3 states state NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 99 4 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 99 5 no no RB cord-021959-1y67126b 99 6 matter matter RB cord-021959-1y67126b 99 7 how how WRB cord-021959-1y67126b 99 8 thoroughly thoroughly RB cord-021959-1y67126b 99 9 investors investor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 99 10 diversify diversify VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 99 11 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 99 12 they -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 99 13 can can MD cord-021959-1y67126b 99 14 not not RB cord-021959-1y67126b 99 15 avoid avoid VB cord-021959-1y67126b 99 16 these these DT cord-021959-1y67126b 99 17 factors factor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 99 18 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 100 1 Thus thus RB cord-021959-1y67126b 100 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 100 3 investors investor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 100 4 will will MD cord-021959-1y67126b 100 5 " " `` cord-021959-1y67126b 100 6 price price VB cord-021959-1y67126b 100 7 " " '' cord-021959-1y67126b 101 1 these these DT cord-021959-1y67126b 101 2 factors factor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 101 3 precisely precisely RB cord-021959-1y67126b 101 4 because because IN cord-021959-1y67126b 101 5 they -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 101 6 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 101 7 sources source NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 101 8 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 101 9 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 101 10 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 101 11 can can MD cord-021959-1y67126b 101 12 not not RB cord-021959-1y67126b 101 13 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 101 14 diversified diversify VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 101 15 away away RP cord-021959-1y67126b 101 16 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 102 1 That that RB cord-021959-1y67126b 102 2 is is RB cord-021959-1y67126b 102 3 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 102 4 they -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 102 5 will will MD cord-021959-1y67126b 102 6 demand demand VB cord-021959-1y67126b 102 7 compensation compensation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 102 8 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 102 9 terms term NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 102 10 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 102 11 expected expect VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 102 12 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 102 13 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 102 14 holding hold VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 102 15 securities security NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 102 16 exposed expose VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 102 17 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 102 18 these these DT cord-021959-1y67126b 102 19 risks risk NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 102 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 102 21 Goetzmann Goetzmann NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 102 22 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 102 23 1996 1996 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 102 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 102 25 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 103 1 Although although IN cord-021959-1y67126b 103 2 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 103 3 model model NN cord-021959-1y67126b 103 4 does do VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 103 5 not not RB cord-021959-1y67126b 103 6 explicitly explicitly RB cord-021959-1y67126b 103 7 specify specify VB cord-021959-1y67126b 103 8 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 103 9 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 103 10 factors factor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 103 11 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 103 12 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 103 13 APT APT NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 103 14 depicts depict VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 103 15 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 103 16 world world NN cord-021959-1y67126b 103 17 with with IN cord-021959-1y67126b 103 18 many many JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 103 19 possible possible JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 103 20 sources source NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 103 21 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 103 22 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 103 23 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 103 24 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-021959-1y67126b 103 25 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 103 26 instead instead RB cord-021959-1y67126b 103 27 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 103 28 seeking seek VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 103 29 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 103 30 equilibrium equilibrium NN cord-021959-1y67126b 103 31 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 103 32 which which WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 103 33 all all DT cord-021959-1y67126b 103 34 investors investor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 103 35 hold hold VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 103 36 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 103 37 same same JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 103 38 portfolio portfolio NN cord-021959-1y67126b 103 39 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 104 1 More more RBR cord-021959-1y67126b 104 2 formally formally RB cord-021959-1y67126b 104 3 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 104 4 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 104 5 APT APT NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 104 6 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 104 7 based base VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 104 8 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 104 9 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 104 10 assumption assumption NN cord-021959-1y67126b 104 11 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 104 12 there there EX cord-021959-1y67126b 104 13 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 104 14 some some DT cord-021959-1y67126b 104 15 major major JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 104 16 macroeconomic macroeconomic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 104 17 factors factor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 104 18 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 104 19 influence influence VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 104 20 security security NN cord-021959-1y67126b 104 21 returns return NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 104 22 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 105 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 105 2 APT APT NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 105 3 states state NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 105 4 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 105 5 no no RB cord-021959-1y67126b 105 6 matter matter RB cord-021959-1y67126b 105 7 how how WRB cord-021959-1y67126b 105 8 thoroughly thoroughly RB cord-021959-1y67126b 105 9 investors investor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 105 10 diversify diversify VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 105 11 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 105 12 they -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 105 13 can can MD cord-021959-1y67126b 105 14 not not RB cord-021959-1y67126b 105 15 avoid avoid VB cord-021959-1y67126b 105 16 these these DT cord-021959-1y67126b 105 17 factors factor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 105 18 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 106 1 Thus thus RB cord-021959-1y67126b 106 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 106 3 investors investor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 106 4 will will MD cord-021959-1y67126b 106 5 " " `` cord-021959-1y67126b 106 6 price price VB cord-021959-1y67126b 106 7 " " '' cord-021959-1y67126b 107 1 these these DT cord-021959-1y67126b 107 2 factors factor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 107 3 precisely precisely RB cord-021959-1y67126b 107 4 because because IN cord-021959-1y67126b 107 5 they -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 107 6 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 107 7 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 107 8 sources source NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 107 9 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 107 10 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 107 11 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 107 12 can can MD cord-021959-1y67126b 107 13 not not RB cord-021959-1y67126b 107 14 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 107 15 diversified diversify VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 107 16 away away RP cord-021959-1y67126b 107 17 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 108 1 That that RB cord-021959-1y67126b 108 2 is is RB cord-021959-1y67126b 108 3 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 108 4 they -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 108 5 will will MD cord-021959-1y67126b 108 6 demand demand VB cord-021959-1y67126b 108 7 compensation compensation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 108 8 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 108 9 terms term NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 108 10 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 108 11 expected expect VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 108 12 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 108 13 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 108 14 holding hold VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 108 15 securities security NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 108 16 exposed expose VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 108 17 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 108 18 these these DT cord-021959-1y67126b 108 19 risks risk NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 108 20 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 109 1 Just just RB cord-021959-1y67126b 109 2 like like IN cord-021959-1y67126b 109 3 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 109 4 CAPM CAPM NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 109 5 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 109 6 this this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 109 7 exposure exposure NN cord-021959-1y67126b 109 8 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 109 9 measured measure VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 109 10 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 109 11 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 109 12 factor factor NN cord-021959-1y67126b 109 13 β β NN cord-021959-1y67126b 109 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 109 15 Goetzmann Goetzmann NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 109 16 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 109 17 1996 1996 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 109 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 109 19 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 110 1 Chen Chen NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 110 2 et et NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 110 3 al al NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 110 4 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 111 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 111 2 1986 1986 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 111 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 111 4 managed manage VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 111 5 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 111 6 identify identify VB cord-021959-1y67126b 111 7 five five CD cord-021959-1y67126b 111 8 macroeconomic macroeconomic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 111 9 factors factor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 111 10 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 111 11 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 111 12 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 111 13 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 111 14 view view NN cord-021959-1y67126b 111 15 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 111 16 explain explain VB cord-021959-1y67126b 111 17 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 111 18 expected expect VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 111 19 asset asset NN cord-021959-1y67126b 111 20 returns return NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 111 21 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 111 22 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 111 23 Industrial Industrial NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 111 24 Production Production NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 111 25 Index Index NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 111 26 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 111 27 which which WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 111 28 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 111 29 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 111 30 measure measure NN cord-021959-1y67126b 111 31 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 111 32 state state NN cord-021959-1y67126b 111 33 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 111 34 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 111 35 economy economy NN cord-021959-1y67126b 111 36 based base VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 111 37 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 111 38 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 111 39 actual actual JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 111 40 physical physical JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 111 41 output output NN cord-021959-1y67126b 111 42 ; ; : cord-021959-1y67126b 111 43 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 111 44 shortterm shortterm JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 111 45 interest interest NN cord-021959-1y67126b 111 46 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 111 47 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 111 48 measured measure VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 111 49 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 111 50 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 111 51 difference difference NN cord-021959-1y67126b 111 52 between between IN cord-021959-1y67126b 111 53 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 111 54 yield yield NN cord-021959-1y67126b 111 55 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 111 56 Treasury Treasury NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 111 57 bills bill NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 111 58 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 111 59 TB TB NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 111 60 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 111 61 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 111 62 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 111 63 Consumer Consumer NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 111 64 Price Price NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 111 65 Index Index NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 111 66 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 111 67 CPI CPI NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 111 68 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 111 69 ; ; : cord-021959-1y67126b 111 70 short short JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 111 71 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 111 72 term term NN cord-021959-1y67126b 111 73 inflation inflation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 111 74 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 111 75 measured measure VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 111 76 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 111 77 unexpected unexpected JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 111 78 changes change NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 111 79 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 111 80 CPI CPI NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 111 81 ; ; : cord-021959-1y67126b 111 82 long long JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 111 83 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 111 84 term term NN cord-021959-1y67126b 111 85 inflation inflation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 111 86 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 111 87 measured measure VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 111 88 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 111 89 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 111 90 difference difference NN cord-021959-1y67126b 111 91 between between IN cord-021959-1y67126b 111 92 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 111 93 yield yield NN cord-021959-1y67126b 111 94 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 111 95 maturity maturity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 111 96 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 111 97 long long JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 111 98 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 111 99 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 111 100 short short JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 111 101 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 111 102 term term NN cord-021959-1y67126b 111 103 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 111 104 government government NN cord-021959-1y67126b 111 105 bonds bond NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 111 106 ; ; : cord-021959-1y67126b 111 107 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 111 108 default default NN cord-021959-1y67126b 111 109 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 111 110 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 111 111 measured measure VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 111 112 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 111 113 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 111 114 difference difference NN cord-021959-1y67126b 111 115 between between IN cord-021959-1y67126b 111 116 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 111 117 yield yield NN cord-021959-1y67126b 111 118 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 111 119 maturity maturity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 111 120 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 111 121 Aaa Aaa NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 111 122 - - : cord-021959-1y67126b 111 123 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 111 124 Baa Baa NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 111 125 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 111 126 rated rate VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 111 127 long long JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 111 128 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 111 129 term term NN cord-021959-1y67126b 111 130 corporate corporate JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 111 131 bonds bond NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 111 132 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 111 133 Chen Chen NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 111 134 et et NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 111 135 al al NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 111 136 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 112 1 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 112 2 1986 1986 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 112 3 ; ; : cord-021959-1y67126b 112 4 Copeland Copeland NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 112 5 et et NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 112 6 al al NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 112 7 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 113 1 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 113 2 2000 2000 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 113 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 113 4 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 114 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 114 2 APT APT NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 114 3 describes describe VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 114 4 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 114 5 world world NN cord-021959-1y67126b 114 6 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 114 7 which which WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 114 8 investors investor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 114 9 behave behave VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 114 10 intelligently intelligently RB cord-021959-1y67126b 114 11 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 114 12 diversifying diversify VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 114 13 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 114 14 but but CC cord-021959-1y67126b 114 15 they -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 114 16 may may MD cord-021959-1y67126b 114 17 choose choose VB cord-021959-1y67126b 114 18 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 114 19 own own JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 114 20 systematic systematic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 114 21 profile profile NN cord-021959-1y67126b 114 22 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 114 23 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 114 24 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 114 25 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 114 26 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 114 27 selecting select VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 114 28 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 114 29 portfolio portfolio NN cord-021959-1y67126b 114 30 with with IN cord-021959-1y67126b 114 31 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 114 32 own own JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 114 33 peculiar peculiar JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 114 34 array array NN cord-021959-1y67126b 114 35 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 114 36 β β NN cord-021959-1y67126b 114 37 s. s. NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 115 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 115 2 APT APT NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 115 3 allows allow VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 115 4 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 115 5 world world NN cord-021959-1y67126b 115 6 where where WRB cord-021959-1y67126b 115 7 occasional occasional JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 115 8 mispricings mispricing NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 115 9 occur occur VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 115 10 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 116 1 Investors investor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 116 2 constantly constantly RB cord-021959-1y67126b 116 3 seek seek VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 116 4 information information NN cord-021959-1y67126b 116 5 about about IN cord-021959-1y67126b 116 6 these these DT cord-021959-1y67126b 116 7 mispricings mispricing NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 116 8 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 116 9 exploit exploit VB cord-021959-1y67126b 116 10 them -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 116 11 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 116 12 they -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 116 13 find find VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 116 14 them -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 116 15 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 117 1 In in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 117 2 other other JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 117 3 words word NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 117 4 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 117 5 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 117 6 APT APT NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 117 7 somewhat somewhat RB cord-021959-1y67126b 117 8 realistically realistically RB cord-021959-1y67126b 117 9 reflects reflect VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 117 10 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 117 11 world world NN cord-021959-1y67126b 117 12 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 117 13 which which WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 117 14 we -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 117 15 live live VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 117 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 117 17 Goetzmann Goetzmann NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 117 18 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 117 19 1996 1996 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 117 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 117 21 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 118 1 Although although IN cord-021959-1y67126b 118 2 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 118 3 APT APT NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 118 4 provides provide VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 118 5 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 118 6 benefits benefit NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 118 7 explained explain VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 118 8 above above RB cord-021959-1y67126b 118 9 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 118 10 these these DT cord-021959-1y67126b 118 11 benefits benefit NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 118 12 come come VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 118 13 with with IN cord-021959-1y67126b 118 14 some some DT cord-021959-1y67126b 118 15 drawbacks drawback NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 118 16 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 119 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 119 2 APT APT NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 119 3 demands demand VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 119 4 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 119 5 investors investor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 119 6 perceive perceive VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 119 7 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 119 8 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 119 9 sources source NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 119 10 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 119 11 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 119 12 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 119 13 they -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 119 14 reasonably reasonably RB cord-021959-1y67126b 119 15 estimate estimate VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 119 16 factor factor NN cord-021959-1y67126b 119 17 sensitivities sensitivity NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 119 18 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 120 1 In in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 120 2 fact fact NN cord-021959-1y67126b 120 3 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 120 4 even even RB cord-021959-1y67126b 120 5 professionals professional NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 120 6 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 120 7 academics academic NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 120 8 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 120 9 yet yet RB cord-021959-1y67126b 120 10 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 120 11 agree agree VB cord-021959-1y67126b 120 12 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 120 13 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 120 14 identity identity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 120 15 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 120 16 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 120 17 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 120 18 factors factor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 120 19 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 120 20 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 121 1 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 121 2 more more JJR cord-021959-1y67126b 121 3 β β NN cord-021959-1y67126b 121 4 s s NN cord-021959-1y67126b 121 5 they -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 121 6 have have VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 121 7 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 121 8 estimate estimate VB cord-021959-1y67126b 121 9 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 121 10 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 121 11 more more RBR cord-021959-1y67126b 121 12 statistical statistical JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 121 13 noise noise NN cord-021959-1y67126b 121 14 they -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 121 15 have have VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 121 16 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 121 17 put put VB cord-021959-1y67126b 121 18 up up RP cord-021959-1y67126b 121 19 with with IN cord-021959-1y67126b 121 20 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 122 1 Last last RB cord-021959-1y67126b 122 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 122 3 this this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 122 4 model model NN cord-021959-1y67126b 122 5 does do VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 122 6 not not RB cord-021959-1y67126b 122 7 offer offer VB cord-021959-1y67126b 122 8 much much JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 122 9 guidance guidance NN cord-021959-1y67126b 122 10 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 122 11 business business NN cord-021959-1y67126b 122 12 executives executive NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 122 13 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 122 14 it -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 122 15 focuses focus VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 122 16 primarily primarily RB cord-021959-1y67126b 122 17 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 122 18 investors investor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 122 19 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 123 1 One one CD cord-021959-1y67126b 123 2 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 123 3 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 123 4 major major JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 123 5 proponents proponent NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 123 6 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 123 7 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 123 8 CAPM CAPM NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 123 9 Fama Fama NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 123 10 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 123 11 French French NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 123 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 123 13 1993 1993 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 123 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 123 15 found find VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 123 16 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 123 17 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 123 18 relationship relationship NN cord-021959-1y67126b 123 19 between between IN cord-021959-1y67126b 123 20 average average JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 123 21 returns return NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 123 22 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 123 23 β β NN cord-021959-1y67126b 123 24 was be VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 123 25 flat flat JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 123 26 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 123 27 there there EX cord-021959-1y67126b 123 28 was be VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 123 29 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 123 30 strong strong JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 123 31 size size NN cord-021959-1y67126b 123 32 effect effect NN cord-021959-1y67126b 123 33 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 123 34 stock stock NN cord-021959-1y67126b 123 35 returns return NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 123 36 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 124 1 As as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 124 2 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 124 3 result result NN cord-021959-1y67126b 124 4 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 124 5 they -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 124 6 developed develop VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 124 7 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 124 8 model model NN cord-021959-1y67126b 124 9 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 124 10 has have VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 124 11 gained gain VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 124 12 popularity popularity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 124 13 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 124 14 recent recent JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 124 15 years year NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 124 16 among among IN cord-021959-1y67126b 124 17 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 124 18 scholars scholar NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 124 19 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 124 20 practitioners practitioner NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 124 21 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 124 22 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 124 23 hospitality hospitality NN cord-021959-1y67126b 124 24 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 124 25 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 125 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 125 2 Fama Fama NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 125 3 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 125 4 French French NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 125 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 125 6 FF FF NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 125 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 125 8 model model NN cord-021959-1y67126b 125 9 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 125 10 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 125 11 multifactor multifactor NN cord-021959-1y67126b 125 12 model model NN cord-021959-1y67126b 125 13 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 125 14 argues argue VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 125 15 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 125 16 factors factor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 125 17 other other JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 125 18 than than IN cord-021959-1y67126b 125 19 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 125 20 movement movement NN cord-021959-1y67126b 125 21 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 125 22 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 125 23 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 125 24 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 125 25 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 125 26 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 125 27 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 125 28 free free JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 125 29 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 125 30 impact impact NN cord-021959-1y67126b 125 31 security security NN cord-021959-1y67126b 125 32 prices price NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 125 33 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 126 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 126 2 FF FF NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 126 3 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 126 4 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 126 5 multiple multiple JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 126 6 regression regression NN cord-021959-1y67126b 126 7 model model NN cord-021959-1y67126b 126 8 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 126 9 incorporates incorporate VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 126 10 both both DT cord-021959-1y67126b 126 11 size size NN cord-021959-1y67126b 126 12 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 126 13 financial financial JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 126 14 distress distress NN cord-021959-1y67126b 126 15 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 126 16 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 126 17 regression regression NN cord-021959-1y67126b 126 18 equation equation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 126 19 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 127 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 127 2 FF FF NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 127 3 model model NN cord-021959-1y67126b 127 4 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 127 5 typically typically RB cord-021959-1y67126b 127 6 stated state VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 127 7 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 127 8 where where WRB cord-021959-1y67126b 127 9 β β NN cord-021959-1y67126b 127 10 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 127 11 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 127 12 coefficient coefficient NN cord-021959-1y67126b 127 13 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 127 14 measures measure VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 127 15 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 127 16 covariance covariance NN cord-021959-1y67126b 127 17 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 127 18 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 127 19 risky risky JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 127 20 asset asset NN cord-021959-1y67126b 127 21 with with IN cord-021959-1y67126b 127 22 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 127 23 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 127 24 portfolio portfolio NN cord-021959-1y67126b 127 25 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 127 26 R r NN cord-021959-1y67126b 127 27 m m NN cord-021959-1y67126b 127 28 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 127 29 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 127 30 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 127 31 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 127 32 R r NN cord-021959-1y67126b 127 33 f f NN cord-021959-1y67126b 127 34 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 127 35 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 127 36 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 127 37 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 127 38 free free JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 127 39 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 127 40 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 127 41 s s VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 127 42 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 127 43 slope slope NN cord-021959-1y67126b 127 44 coefficient coefficient NN cord-021959-1y67126b 127 45 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 127 46 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 127 47 small small JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 127 48 minus minus CC cord-021959-1y67126b 127 49 big big JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 127 50 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 127 51 SMB SMB NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 127 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 127 53 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 127 54 difference difference NN cord-021959-1y67126b 127 55 between between IN cord-021959-1y67126b 127 56 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 127 57 returns return NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 127 58 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 127 59 portfolios portfolio NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 127 60 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 127 61 small small JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 127 62 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 127 63 big big JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 127 64 company company NN cord-021959-1y67126b 127 65 stocks stock NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 127 66 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 127 67 below below IN cord-021959-1y67126b 127 68 or or CC cord-021959-1y67126b 127 69 above above IN cord-021959-1y67126b 127 70 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 127 71 NYSE NYSE NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 127 72 median median NN cord-021959-1y67126b 127 73 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 127 74 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 127 75 h h LS cord-021959-1y67126b 127 76 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 127 77 slope slope NN cord-021959-1y67126b 127 78 coefficient coefficient NN cord-021959-1y67126b 127 79 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 127 80 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 127 81 high high JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 127 82 minus minus NN cord-021959-1y67126b 127 83 low low JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 127 84 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 127 85 HML HML NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 127 86 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 128 1 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 128 2 difference difference NN cord-021959-1y67126b 128 3 between between IN cord-021959-1y67126b 128 4 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 128 5 returns return NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 128 6 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 128 7 portfolios portfolio NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 128 8 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 128 9 high high JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 128 10 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 128 11 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 128 12 low low JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 128 13 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 128 14 BE be NN cord-021959-1y67126b 128 15 / / SYM cord-021959-1y67126b 128 16 ME ME NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 128 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 128 18 book book NN cord-021959-1y67126b 128 19 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 128 20 / / SYM cord-021959-1y67126b 128 21 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 128 22 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 128 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 128 24 stocks stock NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 128 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 128 26 above above IN cord-021959-1y67126b 128 27 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 128 28 below below IN cord-021959-1y67126b 128 29 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 128 30 0.7 0.7 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 128 31 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 128 32 0.3 0.3 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 128 33 fractiles fractile NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 128 34 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 128 35 BE BE NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 128 36 / / SYM cord-021959-1y67126b 128 37 ME ME NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 128 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 129 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 129 2 Fama Fama NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 129 3 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 129 4 French French NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 129 5 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 129 6 1993 1993 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 129 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 129 8 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 130 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 130 2 size size NN cord-021959-1y67126b 130 3 factor factor NN cord-021959-1y67126b 130 4 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 130 5 denoted denote VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 130 6 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 130 7 SMB SMB NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 130 8 premium premium NN cord-021959-1y67126b 130 9 where where WRB cord-021959-1y67126b 130 10 size size NN cord-021959-1y67126b 130 11 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 130 12 measured measure VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 130 13 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 130 14 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 130 15 capitalization capitalization NN cord-021959-1y67126b 130 16 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 131 1 SMB SMB NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 131 2 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 131 3 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 131 4 average average JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 131 5 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 131 6 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 131 7 three three CD cord-021959-1y67126b 131 8 small small JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 131 9 portfolios portfolio NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 131 10 minus minus CC cord-021959-1y67126b 131 11 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 131 12 average average JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 131 13 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 131 14 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 131 15 three three CD cord-021959-1y67126b 131 16 big big JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 131 17 portfolios portfolio NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 131 18 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 131 19 described describe VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 131 20 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 131 21 Fama Fama NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 131 22 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 131 23 French French NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 131 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 131 25 1993 1993 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 131 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 131 27 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 132 1 HML HML NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 132 2 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 132 3 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 132 4 average average JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 132 5 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 132 6 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 132 7 two two CD cord-021959-1y67126b 132 8 value value NN cord-021959-1y67126b 132 9 portfolios portfolio NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 132 10 minus minus CC cord-021959-1y67126b 132 11 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 132 12 average average JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 132 13 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 132 14 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 132 15 two two CD cord-021959-1y67126b 132 16 growth growth NN cord-021959-1y67126b 132 17 portfolios portfolio NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 132 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 132 19 Fama Fama NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 132 20 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 132 21 French French NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 132 22 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 132 23 1993 1993 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 132 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 132 25 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 133 1 High high JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 133 2 BE BE NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 133 3 / / SYM cord-021959-1y67126b 133 4 ME ME NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 133 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 133 6 value value NN cord-021959-1y67126b 133 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 133 8 stocks stock NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 133 9 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 133 10 associated associate VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 133 11 with with IN cord-021959-1y67126b 133 12 distress distress NN cord-021959-1y67126b 133 13 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 133 14 produces produce VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 133 15 persistently persistently RB cord-021959-1y67126b 133 16 low low JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 133 17 earnings earning NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 133 18 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 133 19 book book NN cord-021959-1y67126b 133 20 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 133 21 which which WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 133 22 result result VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 133 23 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 133 24 low low JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 133 25 stock stock NN cord-021959-1y67126b 133 26 prices price NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 133 27 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 134 1 In in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 134 2 practice practice NN cord-021959-1y67126b 134 3 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 134 4 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 134 5 FF FF NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 134 6 model model NN cord-021959-1y67126b 134 7 shows show VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 134 8 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 134 9 investors investor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 134 10 holding hold VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 134 11 stocks stock NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 134 12 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 134 13 small small JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 134 14 capitalization capitalization NN cord-021959-1y67126b 134 15 companies company NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 134 16 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 134 17 firms firm NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 134 18 with with IN cord-021959-1y67126b 134 19 high high JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 134 20 bookto bookto NN cord-021959-1y67126b 134 21 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 134 22 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 134 23 value value NN cord-021959-1y67126b 134 24 ratios ratio NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 134 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 134 26 Annin Annin NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 134 27 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 134 28 1997 1997 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 134 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 134 30 need need VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 134 31 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 134 32 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 134 33 compensated compensate VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 134 34 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 134 35 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 134 36 additional additional JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 134 37 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 134 38 they -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 134 39 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 134 40 bearing bear VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 134 41 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 135 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 135 2 size size NN cord-021959-1y67126b 135 3 argument argument NN cord-021959-1y67126b 135 4 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 135 5 supported support VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 135 6 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 135 7 Barad Barad NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 135 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 135 9 2001 2001 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 135 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 135 11 who who WP cord-021959-1y67126b 135 12 reports report VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 135 13 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 135 14 small small JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 135 15 stocks stock NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 135 16 have have VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 135 17 outperformed outperform VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 135 18 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 135 19 larger large JJR cord-021959-1y67126b 135 20 counterparts counterpart NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 135 21 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 135 22 an an DT cord-021959-1y67126b 135 23 average average NN cord-021959-1y67126b 135 24 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 135 25 5.4 5.4 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 135 26 % % NN cord-021959-1y67126b 135 27 over over IN cord-021959-1y67126b 135 28 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 135 29 last last JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 135 30 75 75 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 135 31 years year NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 135 32 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 136 1 However however RB cord-021959-1y67126b 136 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 136 3 Fama Fama NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 136 4 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 136 5 French French NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 136 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 136 7 1993 1993 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 136 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 136 9 find find VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 136 10 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 136 11 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 136 12 book book NN cord-021959-1y67126b 136 13 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 136 14 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 136 15 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 136 16 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 136 17 factor factor NN cord-021959-1y67126b 136 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 136 19 HML HML NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 136 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 136 21 produces produce VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 136 22 an an DT cord-021959-1y67126b 136 23 average average JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 136 24 premium premium NN cord-021959-1y67126b 136 25 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 136 26 0.40 0.40 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 136 27 % % NN cord-021959-1y67126b 136 28 per per IN cord-021959-1y67126b 136 29 month month NN cord-021959-1y67126b 136 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 136 31 t t NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 136 32 ϭ ϭ NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 136 33 2.91 2.91 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 136 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 136 35 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 136 36 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 136 37 1963 1963 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 136 38 - - SYM cord-021959-1y67126b 136 39 1990 1990 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 136 40 period period NN cord-021959-1y67126b 136 41 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 136 42 which which WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 136 43 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 136 44 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 136 45 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 136 46 authors author NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 136 47 ' ' POS cord-021959-1y67126b 136 48 view view NN cord-021959-1y67126b 136 49 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 136 50 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 136 51 large large JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 136 52 both both DT cord-021959-1y67126b 136 53 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 136 54 practical practical JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 136 55 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 136 56 statistical statistical JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 136 57 terms term NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 136 58 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 137 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 137 2 starting starting NN cord-021959-1y67126b 137 3 point point NN cord-021959-1y67126b 137 4 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 137 5 selecting select VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 137 6 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 137 7 best good JJS cord-021959-1y67126b 137 8 method method NN cord-021959-1y67126b 137 9 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 137 10 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 137 11 estimation estimation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 137 12 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 137 13 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 137 14 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 137 15 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 137 16 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 137 17 can can MD cord-021959-1y67126b 137 18 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 137 19 achieved achieve VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 137 20 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 137 21 reviewing review VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 137 22 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 137 23 relevant relevant JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 137 24 studies study NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 137 25 undertaken undertake VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 137 26 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 137 27 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 137 28 fields field NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 137 29 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 137 30 hospitality hospitality NN cord-021959-1y67126b 137 31 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 137 32 tourism tourism NN cord-021959-1y67126b 137 33 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 138 1 Fields field NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 138 2 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 138 3 Kwansa Kwansa NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 138 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 138 5 1993 1993 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 138 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 138 7 conducted conduct VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 138 8 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 138 9 first first JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 138 10 study study NN cord-021959-1y67126b 138 11 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 138 12 directly directly RB cord-021959-1y67126b 138 13 looked look VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 138 14 into into IN cord-021959-1y67126b 138 15 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 138 16 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 138 17 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 138 18 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 138 19 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 138 20 suggested suggest VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 138 21 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 138 22 use use NN cord-021959-1y67126b 138 23 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 138 24 pureplay pureplay NN cord-021959-1y67126b 138 25 technique technique NN cord-021959-1y67126b 138 26 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 138 27 estimating estimate VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 138 28 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 138 29 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 138 30 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 138 31 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 138 32 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 138 33 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 138 34 divisions division NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 138 35 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 138 36 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 138 37 diversified diversified JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 138 38 firm firm NN cord-021959-1y67126b 138 39 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 139 1 Later later RB cord-021959-1y67126b 139 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 139 3 several several JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 139 4 studies study NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 139 5 investigated investigate VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 139 6 how how WRB cord-021959-1y67126b 139 7 macroeconomic macroeconomic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 139 8 variables variable NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 139 9 affect affect VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 139 10 security security NN cord-021959-1y67126b 139 11 returns return NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 139 12 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 139 13 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 139 14 hospitality hospitality NN cord-021959-1y67126b 139 15 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 139 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 139 17 hotels hotel NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 139 18 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 139 19 restaurants restaurant NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 139 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 139 21 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 140 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 140 2 first first JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 140 3 study study NN cord-021959-1y67126b 140 4 was be VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 140 5 conducted conduct VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 140 6 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 140 7 Barrows Barrows NNPS cord-021959-1y67126b 140 8 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 140 9 Naka Naka NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 140 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 140 11 1994 1994 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 140 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 140 13 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 141 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 141 2 study study NN cord-021959-1y67126b 141 3 encompassed encompass VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 141 4 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 141 5 27-year 27-year JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 141 6 period period NN cord-021959-1y67126b 141 7 between between IN cord-021959-1y67126b 141 8 1965 1965 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 141 9 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 141 10 1991 1991 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 141 11 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 141 12 employed employ VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 141 13 five five CD cord-021959-1y67126b 141 14 factors factor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 141 15 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 141 16 were be VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 141 17 slightly slightly RB cord-021959-1y67126b 141 18 different different JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 141 19 than than IN cord-021959-1y67126b 141 20 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 141 21 five five CD cord-021959-1y67126b 141 22 factors factor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 141 23 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 141 24 Chen Chen NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 141 25 et et NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 141 26 al al NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 141 27 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 142 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 142 2 1986 1986 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 142 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 142 4 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 143 1 Barrows barrow NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 143 2 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 143 3 Naka Naka NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 143 4 postulated postulate VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 143 5 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 143 6 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 143 7 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 143 8 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 143 9 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 143 10 stocks stock NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 143 11 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 143 12 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 143 13 function function NN cord-021959-1y67126b 143 14 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 143 15 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 143 16 following following JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 143 17 five five CD cord-021959-1y67126b 143 18 factors factor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 143 19 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 143 20 where where WRB cord-021959-1y67126b 143 21 EINF EINF NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 143 22 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 143 23 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 143 24 expected expect VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 143 25 inflation inflation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 143 26 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 143 27 M1 M1 NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 143 28 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 143 29 money money NN cord-021959-1y67126b 143 30 supply supply NN cord-021959-1y67126b 143 31 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 143 32 CONN CONN NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 143 33 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 143 34 domestic domestic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 143 35 consumption consumption NN cord-021959-1y67126b 143 36 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 143 37 TERM term NN cord-021959-1y67126b 143 38 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 143 39 term term NN cord-021959-1y67126b 143 40 structure structure NN cord-021959-1y67126b 143 41 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 143 42 interest interest NN cord-021959-1y67126b 143 43 rates rate NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 143 44 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 143 45 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 143 46 IP ip VB cord-021959-1y67126b 143 47 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 143 48 industrial industrial JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 143 49 production production NN cord-021959-1y67126b 143 50 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 144 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 144 2 results result NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 144 3 revealed reveal VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 144 4 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 144 5 none none NN cord-021959-1y67126b 144 6 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 144 7 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 144 8 macroeconomic macroeconomic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 144 9 factors factor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 144 10 was be VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 144 11 significant significant JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 144 12 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 144 13 explaining explain VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 144 14 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 144 15 variance variance NN cord-021959-1y67126b 144 16 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 144 17 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 144 18 hotel hotel NN cord-021959-1y67126b 144 19 stocks stock NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 144 20 at at IN cord-021959-1y67126b 144 21 0.05 0.05 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 144 22 level level NN cord-021959-1y67126b 144 23 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 144 24 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 144 25 factors factor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 144 26 accounted account VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 144 27 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 144 28 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 144 29 7.8 7.8 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 144 30 % % NN cord-021959-1y67126b 144 31 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 144 32 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 144 33 variance variance NN cord-021959-1y67126b 144 34 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 144 35 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 144 36 lodging lodging NN cord-021959-1y67126b 144 37 stocks stock NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 144 38 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 145 1 However however RB cord-021959-1y67126b 145 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 145 3 EINF EINF NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 145 4 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 145 5 M1 M1 NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 145 6 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 145 7 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 145 8 CONN CONN NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 145 9 had have VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 145 10 significant significant JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 145 11 effect effect NN cord-021959-1y67126b 145 12 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 145 13 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 145 14 variation variation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 145 15 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 145 16 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 145 17 stock stock NN cord-021959-1y67126b 145 18 returns return NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 145 19 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 145 20 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 145 21 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 145 22 restaurant restaurant NN cord-021959-1y67126b 145 23 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 145 24 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 146 1 In in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 146 2 terms term NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 146 3 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 146 4 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 146 5 signs sign NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 146 6 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 146 7 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 146 8 β β XX cord-021959-1y67126b 146 9 coefficients coefficient NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 146 10 EINF EINF NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 146 11 had have VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 146 12 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 146 13 negative negative JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 146 14 whereas whereas IN cord-021959-1y67126b 146 15 M1 M1 NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 146 16 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 146 17 CONN CONN NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 146 18 had have VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 146 19 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 146 20 positive positive JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 146 21 relationship relationship NN cord-021959-1y67126b 146 22 with with IN cord-021959-1y67126b 146 23 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 146 24 restaurant restaurant NN cord-021959-1y67126b 146 25 stock stock NN cord-021959-1y67126b 146 26 returns return NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 146 27 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 147 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 147 2 postulated postulate VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 147 3 model model NN cord-021959-1y67126b 147 4 explained explain VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 147 5 12 12 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 147 6 % % NN cord-021959-1y67126b 147 7 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 147 8 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 147 9 variance variance NN cord-021959-1y67126b 147 10 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 147 11 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 147 12 restaurant restaurant NN cord-021959-1y67126b 147 13 stocks stock NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 147 14 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 148 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 148 2 authors author NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 148 3 cautioned caution VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 148 4 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 148 5 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 148 6 results result NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 148 7 should should MD cord-021959-1y67126b 148 8 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 148 9 interpreted interpret VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 148 10 with with IN cord-021959-1y67126b 148 11 care care NN cord-021959-1y67126b 148 12 due due IN cord-021959-1y67126b 148 13 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 148 14 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 148 15 small small JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 148 16 sample sample NN cord-021959-1y67126b 148 17 size size NN cord-021959-1y67126b 148 18 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 148 19 both both DT cord-021959-1y67126b 148 20 restaurant restaurant NN cord-021959-1y67126b 148 21 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 148 22 hotel hotel NN cord-021959-1y67126b 148 23 portfolios portfolio NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 148 24 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 148 25 which which WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 148 26 were be VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 148 27 represented represent VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 148 28 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 148 29 five five CD cord-021959-1y67126b 148 30 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 148 31 three three CD cord-021959-1y67126b 148 32 stocks stock NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 148 33 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 148 34 respectively respectively RB cord-021959-1y67126b 148 35 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 149 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 149 2 second second JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 149 3 study study NN cord-021959-1y67126b 149 4 was be VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 149 5 undertaken undertake VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 149 6 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 149 7 Chen Chen NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 149 8 et et NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 149 9 al al NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 149 10 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 150 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 150 2 2005 2005 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 150 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 150 4 who who WP cord-021959-1y67126b 150 5 used use VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 150 6 hotel hotel NN cord-021959-1y67126b 150 7 stocks stock NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 150 8 listed list VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 150 9 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 150 10 Taiwan Taiwan NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 150 11 Stock Stock NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 150 12 Exchange Exchange NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 150 13 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 151 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 151 2 macroeconomic macroeconomic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 151 3 variables variable NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 151 4 included include VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 151 5 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 151 6 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 151 7 study study NN cord-021959-1y67126b 151 8 were be VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 151 9 IP IP NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 151 10 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 151 11 CPI CPI NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 151 12 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 151 13 unemployment unemployment NN cord-021959-1y67126b 151 14 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 151 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 151 16 UEP UEP NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 151 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 151 18 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 151 19 money money NN cord-021959-1y67126b 151 20 supply supply NN cord-021959-1y67126b 151 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 151 22 M2 M2 NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 151 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 151 24 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 151 25 10-year 10-year CD cord-021959-1y67126b 151 26 government government NN cord-021959-1y67126b 151 27 bond bond NN cord-021959-1y67126b 151 28 yield yield NN cord-021959-1y67126b 151 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 151 30 LGB LGB NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 151 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 151 32 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 151 33 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 151 34 3-month 3-month CD cord-021959-1y67126b 151 35 TB TB NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 151 36 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 151 37 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 152 1 These these DT cord-021959-1y67126b 152 2 variables variable NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 152 3 were be VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 152 4 used use VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 152 5 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 152 6 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 152 7 following following JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 152 8 way way NN cord-021959-1y67126b 152 9 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 152 10 CPI CPI NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 152 11 was be VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 152 12 utilized utilize VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 152 13 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 152 14 estimate estimate VB cord-021959-1y67126b 152 15 EINF EINF NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 152 16 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 152 17 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 152 18 LGB LGB NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 152 19 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 152 20 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 152 21 TB TB NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 152 22 were be VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 152 23 used use VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 152 24 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 152 25 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 152 26 computation computation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 152 27 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 152 28 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 152 29 yield yield NN cord-021959-1y67126b 152 30 spread spread NN cord-021959-1y67126b 152 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 152 32 SPD SPD NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 152 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 152 34 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 153 1 Based base VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 153 2 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 153 3 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 153 4 six six CD cord-021959-1y67126b 153 5 time time NN cord-021959-1y67126b 153 6 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 153 7 series series NN cord-021959-1y67126b 153 8 data datum NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 153 9 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 153 10 authors author NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 153 11 arrived arrive VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 153 12 at at IN cord-021959-1y67126b 153 13 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 153 14 common common JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 153 15 five five CD cord-021959-1y67126b 153 16 macroeconomic macroeconomic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 153 17 variables variable NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 153 18 which which WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 153 19 were be VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 153 20 predominantly predominantly RB cord-021959-1y67126b 153 21 used use VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 153 22 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 153 23 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 153 24 literature literature NN cord-021959-1y67126b 153 25 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 153 26 namely namely RB cord-021959-1y67126b 153 27 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 153 28 IP IP NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 153 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 153 30 change change NN cord-021959-1y67126b 153 31 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 153 32 IP IP NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 153 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 153 34 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 153 35 EINF EINF NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 153 36 UEP UEP NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 153 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 153 38 change change NN cord-021959-1y67126b 153 39 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 153 40 unemployment unemployment NN cord-021959-1y67126b 153 41 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 153 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 153 43 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 153 44 M2 M2 NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 153 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 153 46 change change NN cord-021959-1y67126b 153 47 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 153 48 money money NN cord-021959-1y67126b 153 49 supply supply NN cord-021959-1y67126b 153 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 153 51 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 153 52 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 153 53 SPD SPD NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 153 54 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 153 55 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 153 56 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 153 57 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 153 58 yield yield NN cord-021959-1y67126b 153 59 spread spread NN cord-021959-1y67126b 153 60 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 153 61 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 154 1 These these DT cord-021959-1y67126b 154 2 five five CD cord-021959-1y67126b 154 3 variables variable NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 154 4 explained explain VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 154 5 merely merely RB cord-021959-1y67126b 154 6 8 8 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 154 7 % % NN cord-021959-1y67126b 154 8 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 154 9 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 154 10 variation variation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 154 11 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 154 12 hotel hotel NN cord-021959-1y67126b 154 13 stock stock NN cord-021959-1y67126b 154 14 returns return NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 154 15 while while IN cord-021959-1y67126b 154 16 only only RB cord-021959-1y67126b 154 17 two two CD cord-021959-1y67126b 154 18 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 154 19 these these DT cord-021959-1y67126b 154 20 variables variable NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 154 21 were be VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 154 22 significant significant JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 154 23 at at IN cord-021959-1y67126b 154 24 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 154 25 0.05 0.05 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 154 26 level level NN cord-021959-1y67126b 154 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 154 28 M2 M2 NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 154 29 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 154 30 UEP UEP NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 154 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 154 32 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 155 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 155 2 regression regression NN cord-021959-1y67126b 155 3 coefficient coefficient NN cord-021959-1y67126b 155 4 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 155 5 change change NN cord-021959-1y67126b 155 6 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 155 7 money money NN cord-021959-1y67126b 155 8 supply supply NN cord-021959-1y67126b 155 9 had have VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 155 10 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 155 11 positive positive JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 155 12 relationship relationship NN cord-021959-1y67126b 155 13 with with IN cord-021959-1y67126b 155 14 hotel hotel NN cord-021959-1y67126b 155 15 stock stock NN cord-021959-1y67126b 155 16 returns return NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 155 17 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 155 18 whereas whereas IN cord-021959-1y67126b 155 19 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 155 20 relationship relationship NN cord-021959-1y67126b 155 21 between between IN cord-021959-1y67126b 155 22 change change NN cord-021959-1y67126b 155 23 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 155 24 UEP UEP NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 155 25 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 155 26 lodging lodging NN cord-021959-1y67126b 155 27 returns return NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 155 28 was be VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 155 29 negative negative JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 155 30 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 156 1 In in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 156 2 Madanoglu Madanoglu NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 156 3 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 156 4 Olsen Olsen NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 156 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 156 6 2005 2005 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 156 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 156 8 proposed propose VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 156 9 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 156 10 conceptual conceptual JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 156 11 framework framework NN cord-021959-1y67126b 156 12 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 156 13 called call VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 156 14 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 156 15 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 156 16 inclusion inclusion NN cord-021959-1y67126b 156 17 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 156 18 some some DT cord-021959-1y67126b 156 19 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 156 20 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 156 21 intangible intangible JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 156 22 variables variable NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 156 23 into into IN cord-021959-1y67126b 156 24 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 156 25 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 156 26 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 156 27 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 156 28 estimation estimation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 156 29 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 156 30 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 156 31 lodging lodging NN cord-021959-1y67126b 156 32 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 156 33 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 157 1 Some some DT cord-021959-1y67126b 157 2 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 157 3 these these DT cord-021959-1y67126b 157 4 variables variable NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 157 5 were be VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 157 6 human human JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 157 7 capital capital NN cord-021959-1y67126b 157 8 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 157 9 brand brand NN cord-021959-1y67126b 157 10 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 157 11 technology technology NN cord-021959-1y67126b 157 12 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 157 13 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 157 14 safety safety NN cord-021959-1y67126b 157 15 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 157 16 security security NN cord-021959-1y67126b 157 17 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 158 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 158 2 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 158 3 common common JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 158 4 knowledge knowledge NN cord-021959-1y67126b 158 5 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 158 6 these these DT cord-021959-1y67126b 158 7 variables variable NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 158 8 were be VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 158 9 relevant relevant JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 158 10 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 158 11 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 158 12 lodging lodging NN cord-021959-1y67126b 158 13 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 158 14 ; ; : cord-021959-1y67126b 158 15 however however RB cord-021959-1y67126b 158 16 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 158 17 there there EX cord-021959-1y67126b 158 18 exists exist VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 158 19 no no DT cord-021959-1y67126b 158 20 time time NN cord-021959-1y67126b 158 21 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 158 22 series series NN cord-021959-1y67126b 158 23 data datum NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 158 24 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 158 25 include include VB cord-021959-1y67126b 158 26 them -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 158 27 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 158 28 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 158 29 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 158 30 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 158 31 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 158 32 estimations estimation NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 158 33 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 159 1 Publicly publicly RB cord-021959-1y67126b 159 2 traded trade VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 159 3 multinational multinational JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 159 4 lodging lodging NN cord-021959-1y67126b 159 5 companies company NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 159 6 tend tend VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 159 7 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 159 8 differ differ VB cord-021959-1y67126b 159 9 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 159 10 some some DT cord-021959-1y67126b 159 11 key key JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 159 12 points point NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 159 13 regarding regard VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 159 14 how how WRB cord-021959-1y67126b 159 15 assets asset NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 159 16 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 159 17 treated treat VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 159 18 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 159 19 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 159 20 balance balance NN cord-021959-1y67126b 159 21 sheets sheet NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 159 22 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 160 1 Many many JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 160 2 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 160 3 these these DT cord-021959-1y67126b 160 4 companies company NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 160 5 do do VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 160 6 not not RB cord-021959-1y67126b 160 7 actually actually RB cord-021959-1y67126b 160 8 own own VB cord-021959-1y67126b 160 9 assets asset NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 160 10 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 160 11 produce produce VB cord-021959-1y67126b 160 12 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 160 13 future future JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 160 14 cash cash NN cord-021959-1y67126b 160 15 flows flow NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 160 16 from from IN cord-021959-1y67126b 160 17 management management NN cord-021959-1y67126b 160 18 contracts contract NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 160 19 or or CC cord-021959-1y67126b 160 20 franchise franchise NN cord-021959-1y67126b 160 21 agreements agreement NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 160 22 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 161 1 In in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 161 2 many many JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 161 3 cases case NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 161 4 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 161 5 they -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 161 6 may may MD cord-021959-1y67126b 161 7 also also RB cord-021959-1y67126b 161 8 lease lease VB cord-021959-1y67126b 161 9 hotels hotel NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 161 10 or or CC cord-021959-1y67126b 161 11 restaurants restaurant NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 161 12 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 161 13 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 161 14 leases lease NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 161 15 do do VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 161 16 not not RB cord-021959-1y67126b 161 17 appear appear VB cord-021959-1y67126b 161 18 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 161 19 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 161 20 balance balance NN cord-021959-1y67126b 161 21 sheets sheet NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 161 22 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 162 1 Instead instead RB cord-021959-1y67126b 162 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 162 3 these these DT cord-021959-1y67126b 162 4 firms firm NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 162 5 hold hold VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 162 6 an an DT cord-021959-1y67126b 162 7 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 162 8 position position NN cord-021959-1y67126b 162 9 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 162 10 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 162 11 different different JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 162 12 company company NN cord-021959-1y67126b 162 13 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 162 14 holds hold VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 162 15 these these DT cord-021959-1y67126b 162 16 leases lease NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 162 17 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 163 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-021959-1y67126b 163 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 163 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 163 4 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 163 5 almost almost RB cord-021959-1y67126b 163 6 unfeasible unfeasible JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 163 7 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 163 8 properly properly RB cord-021959-1y67126b 163 9 assess assess VB cord-021959-1y67126b 163 10 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 163 11 book book NN cord-021959-1y67126b 163 12 value value NN cord-021959-1y67126b 163 13 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 163 14 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 163 15 hospitality hospitality NN cord-021959-1y67126b 163 16 firms firm NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 163 17 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 163 18 which which WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 163 19 confounds confound VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 163 20 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 163 21 application application NN cord-021959-1y67126b 163 22 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 163 23 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 163 24 FF FF NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 163 25 model model NN cord-021959-1y67126b 163 26 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 164 1 Sheel Sheel NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 164 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 164 3 1995 1995 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 164 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 164 5 was be VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 164 6 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 164 7 first first JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 164 8 researcher researcher NN cord-021959-1y67126b 164 9 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 164 10 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 164 11 hospitality hospitality NN cord-021959-1y67126b 164 12 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 164 13 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 164 14 point point VB cord-021959-1y67126b 164 15 out out RP cord-021959-1y67126b 164 16 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 164 17 CAPM CAPM NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 164 18 does do VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 164 19 not not RB cord-021959-1y67126b 164 20 seem seem VB cord-021959-1y67126b 164 21 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 164 22 meet meet VB cord-021959-1y67126b 164 23 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 164 24 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 164 25 needs need NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 164 26 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 164 27 called call VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 164 28 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 164 29 further further JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 164 30 research research NN cord-021959-1y67126b 164 31 into into IN cord-021959-1y67126b 164 32 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 164 33 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 164 34 specific specific JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 164 35 factors factor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 164 36 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 165 1 In in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 165 2 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 165 3 mainstream mainstream JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 165 4 financial financial JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 165 5 economics economic NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 165 6 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 165 7 Downe Downe NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 165 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 165 9 2000 2000 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 165 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 165 11 argued argue VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 165 12 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 165 13 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 165 14 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 165 15 world world NN cord-021959-1y67126b 165 16 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 165 17 increasing increase VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 165 18 returns return NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 165 19 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 165 20 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 165 21 can can MD cord-021959-1y67126b 165 22 not not RB cord-021959-1y67126b 165 23 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 165 24 considered consider VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 165 25 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 165 26 function function NN cord-021959-1y67126b 165 27 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 165 28 only only JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 165 29 systematic systematic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 165 30 factors factor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 165 31 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 165 32 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 165 33 thus thus RB cord-021959-1y67126b 165 34 β β NN cord-021959-1y67126b 165 35 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 166 1 He -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 166 2 pointed point VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 166 3 out out RP cord-021959-1y67126b 166 4 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 166 5 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 166 6 position position NN cord-021959-1y67126b 166 7 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 166 8 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 166 9 firm firm NN cord-021959-1y67126b 166 10 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 166 11 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 166 12 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 166 13 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 166 14 as as RB cord-021959-1y67126b 166 15 well well RB cord-021959-1y67126b 166 16 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 166 17 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 166 18 nature nature NN cord-021959-1y67126b 166 19 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 166 20 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 166 21 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 166 22 itself -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 166 23 become become VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 166 24 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 166 25 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 166 26 factor factor NN cord-021959-1y67126b 166 27 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 167 1 Thus thus RB cord-021959-1y67126b 167 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 167 3 firms firm NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 167 4 with with IN cord-021959-1y67126b 167 5 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 167 6 dominant dominant JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 167 7 position position NN cord-021959-1y67126b 167 8 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 167 9 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 167 10 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 167 11 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 167 12 succeed succeed VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 167 13 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 167 14 adapt adapt VB cord-021959-1y67126b 167 15 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 167 16 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 167 17 complexities complexity NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 167 18 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 167 19 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 167 20 business business NN cord-021959-1y67126b 167 21 environment environment NN cord-021959-1y67126b 167 22 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 167 23 will will MD cord-021959-1y67126b 167 24 have have VB cord-021959-1y67126b 167 25 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 167 26 different different JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 167 27 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 167 28 profile profile NN cord-021959-1y67126b 167 29 than than IN cord-021959-1y67126b 167 30 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 167 31 competitors competitor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 167 32 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 168 1 This this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 168 2 argument argument NN cord-021959-1y67126b 168 3 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 168 4 particularly particularly RB cord-021959-1y67126b 168 5 well well RB cord-021959-1y67126b 168 6 fitting fitting JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 168 7 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 168 8 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 168 9 context context NN cord-021959-1y67126b 168 10 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 168 11 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 168 12 hospitality hospitality NN cord-021959-1y67126b 168 13 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 168 14 where where WRB cord-021959-1y67126b 168 15 companies company NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 168 16 such such JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 168 17 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 168 18 McDonald McDonald NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 168 19 's 's POS cord-021959-1y67126b 168 20 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 168 21 Marriott Marriott NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 168 22 may may MD cord-021959-1y67126b 168 23 demonstrate demonstrate VB cord-021959-1y67126b 168 24 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 168 25 different different JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 168 26 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 168 27 profile profile NN cord-021959-1y67126b 168 28 based base VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 168 29 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 168 30 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 168 31 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 168 32 share share NN cord-021959-1y67126b 168 33 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 168 34 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 168 35 segments segment NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 168 36 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 169 1 As as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 169 2 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 169 3 FF ff NN cord-021959-1y67126b 169 4 factors factor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 169 5 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 169 6 professionals professional NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 169 7 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 169 8 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 169 9 lodging lodging NN cord-021959-1y67126b 169 10 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 169 11 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 169 12 sceptical sceptical JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 169 13 about about IN cord-021959-1y67126b 169 14 such such JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 169 15 measures measure NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 169 16 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 169 17 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 169 18 book book NN cord-021959-1y67126b 169 19 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 169 20 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 169 21 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 169 22 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 169 23 value value NN cord-021959-1y67126b 169 24 ratio ratio NN cord-021959-1y67126b 169 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 169 26 HML HML NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 169 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 169 28 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 170 1 Some some DT cord-021959-1y67126b 170 2 hospitality hospitality NN cord-021959-1y67126b 170 3 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 170 4 experts expert NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 170 5 argue argue VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 170 6 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 170 7 HML HML NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 170 8 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 170 9 an an DT cord-021959-1y67126b 170 10 inappropriate inappropriate JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 170 11 measure measure NN cord-021959-1y67126b 170 12 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 170 13 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 170 14 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 170 15 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 170 16 attribute attribute VB cord-021959-1y67126b 170 17 it -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 170 18 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 170 19 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 170 20 fact fact NN cord-021959-1y67126b 170 21 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 170 22 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 170 23 difference difference NN cord-021959-1y67126b 170 24 between between IN cord-021959-1y67126b 170 25 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 170 26 firms firm NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 170 27 whose whose WP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 170 28 value value NN cord-021959-1y67126b 170 29 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 170 30 captured capture VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 170 31 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 170 32 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 170 33 assets asset NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 170 34 they -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 170 35 own own VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 170 36 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 170 37 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 170 38 firms firm NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 170 39 whose whose WP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 170 40 value value NN cord-021959-1y67126b 170 41 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 170 42 derived derive VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 170 43 from from IN cord-021959-1y67126b 170 44 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 170 45 intangible intangible JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 170 46 assets asset NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 170 47 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 170 48 not not RB cord-021959-1y67126b 170 49 as as RB cord-021959-1y67126b 170 50 distinct distinct JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 170 51 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 170 52 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 170 53 some some DT cord-021959-1y67126b 170 54 manufacturing manufacturing NN cord-021959-1y67126b 170 55 firms firm NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 170 56 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 171 1 While while IN cord-021959-1y67126b 171 2 Jagannathan Jagannathan NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 171 3 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 171 4 Wang Wang NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 171 5 's 's POS cord-021959-1y67126b 171 6 study study NN cord-021959-1y67126b 171 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 171 8 1996 1996 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 171 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 171 10 added add VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 171 11 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 171 12 human human JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 171 13 capital capital NN cord-021959-1y67126b 171 14 variable variable NN cord-021959-1y67126b 171 15 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 171 16 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 171 17 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 171 18 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 171 19 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 171 20 capital capital NN cord-021959-1y67126b 171 21 model model NN cord-021959-1y67126b 171 22 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 171 23 it -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 171 24 measured measure VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 171 25 human human JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 171 26 capital capital NN cord-021959-1y67126b 171 27 effects effect NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 171 28 from from IN cord-021959-1y67126b 171 29 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 171 30 macroeconomic macroeconomic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 171 31 perspective perspective NN cord-021959-1y67126b 171 32 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 171 33 opposed oppose VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 171 34 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 171 35 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 171 36 micro micro JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 171 37 level level NN cord-021959-1y67126b 171 38 where where WRB cord-021959-1y67126b 171 39 most most JJS cord-021959-1y67126b 171 40 hotel hotel NN cord-021959-1y67126b 171 41 firms firm NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 171 42 operate operate VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 171 43 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 172 1 In in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 172 2 other other JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 172 3 words word NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 172 4 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 172 5 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 172 6 overall overall JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 172 7 labour labour NN cord-021959-1y67126b 172 8 index index NN cord-021959-1y67126b 172 9 may may MD cord-021959-1y67126b 172 10 not not RB cord-021959-1y67126b 172 11 properly properly RB cord-021959-1y67126b 172 12 reflect reflect VB cord-021959-1y67126b 172 13 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 172 14 state state NN cord-021959-1y67126b 172 15 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 172 16 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 172 17 human human JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 172 18 capital capital NN cord-021959-1y67126b 172 19 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 172 20 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 172 21 hospitality hospitality NN cord-021959-1y67126b 172 22 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 172 23 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 173 1 As as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 173 2 Fama Fama NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 173 3 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 173 4 French French NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 173 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 173 6 1993 1993 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 173 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 173 8 stated state VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 173 9 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 173 10 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 173 11 work work NN cord-021959-1y67126b 173 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 173 13 FF FF NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 173 14 model model NN cord-021959-1y67126b 173 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 173 16 leaves leave VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 173 17 many many JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 173 18 open open JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 173 19 questions question NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 173 20 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 174 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 174 2 most most RBS cord-021959-1y67126b 174 3 important important JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 174 4 missing miss VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 174 5 piece piece NN cord-021959-1y67126b 174 6 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 174 7 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 174 8 puzzle puzzle NN cord-021959-1y67126b 174 9 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 174 10 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 174 11 Fama Fama NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 174 12 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 174 13 French French NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 174 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 174 15 1993 1993 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 174 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 174 17 have have VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 174 18 not not RB cord-021959-1y67126b 174 19 shown show VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 174 20 how how WRB cord-021959-1y67126b 174 21 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 174 22 size size NN cord-021959-1y67126b 174 23 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 174 24 book book NN cord-021959-1y67126b 174 25 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 174 26 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 174 27 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 174 28 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 174 29 factors factor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 174 30 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 174 31 security security NN cord-021959-1y67126b 174 32 returns return NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 174 33 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 174 34 driven drive VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 174 35 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 174 36 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 174 37 stochastic stochastic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 174 38 behaviour behaviour NN cord-021959-1y67126b 174 39 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 174 40 firm firm JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 174 41 earnings earning NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 174 42 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 175 1 This this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 175 2 implies imply VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 175 3 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 175 4 it -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 175 5 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 175 6 not not RB cord-021959-1y67126b 175 7 yet yet RB cord-021959-1y67126b 175 8 known know VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 175 9 how how WRB cord-021959-1y67126b 175 10 firm firm JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 175 11 fundamentals fundamental NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 175 12 such such JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 175 13 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 175 14 profitability profitability NN cord-021959-1y67126b 175 15 or or CC cord-021959-1y67126b 175 16 growth growth NN cord-021959-1y67126b 175 17 produce produce VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 175 18 common common JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 175 19 variation variation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 175 20 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 175 21 returns return NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 175 22 associated associate VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 175 23 with with IN cord-021959-1y67126b 175 24 size size NN cord-021959-1y67126b 175 25 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 175 26 BE BE NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 175 27 / / SYM cord-021959-1y67126b 175 28 ME ME NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 175 29 factors factor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 176 1 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 176 2 this this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 176 3 variation variation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 176 4 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 176 5 not not RB cord-021959-1y67126b 176 6 captured capture VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 176 7 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 176 8 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 176 9 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 176 10 return return VB cord-021959-1y67126b 176 11 itself -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 176 12 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 177 1 These these DT cord-021959-1y67126b 177 2 authors author NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 177 3 further further RB cord-021959-1y67126b 177 4 query query VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 177 5 whether whether IN cord-021959-1y67126b 177 6 specific specific JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 177 7 fundamentals fundamental NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 177 8 can can MD cord-021959-1y67126b 177 9 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 177 10 identified identify VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 177 11 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 177 12 state state NN cord-021959-1y67126b 177 13 variables variable NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 177 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 177 15 variables variable NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 177 16 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 177 17 describe describe VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 177 18 variation variation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 177 19 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 177 20 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 177 21 investment investment NN cord-021959-1y67126b 177 22 opportunity opportunity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 177 23 set set VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 177 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 177 25 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 177 26 these these DT cord-021959-1y67126b 177 27 variables variable NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 177 28 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 177 29 independent independent JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 177 30 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 177 31 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 177 32 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 177 33 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 177 34 carry carry VB cord-021959-1y67126b 177 35 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 177 36 different different JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 177 37 premium premium NN cord-021959-1y67126b 177 38 than than IN cord-021959-1y67126b 177 39 general general JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 177 40 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 177 41 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 177 42 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 178 1 This this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 178 2 question question NN cord-021959-1y67126b 178 3 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 178 4 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 178 5 utmost utmost JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 178 6 importance importance NN cord-021959-1y67126b 178 7 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 178 8 lodging lodge VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 178 9 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 178 10 executives executive NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 178 11 who who WP cord-021959-1y67126b 178 12 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 178 13 aiming aim VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 178 14 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 178 15 identify identify VB cord-021959-1y67126b 178 16 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 178 17 major major JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 178 18 drivers driver NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 178 19 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 178 20 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 178 21 companies company NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 178 22 ' ' POS cord-021959-1y67126b 178 23 stock stock NN cord-021959-1y67126b 178 24 returns return NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 178 25 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 178 26 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 178 27 effort effort NN cord-021959-1y67126b 178 28 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 178 29 create create VB cord-021959-1y67126b 178 30 value value NN cord-021959-1y67126b 178 31 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 178 32 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 178 33 stockholders stockholder NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 178 34 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 179 1 In in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 179 2 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 179 3 current current JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 179 4 state state NN cord-021959-1y67126b 179 5 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 179 6 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 179 7 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 179 8 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 179 9 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 179 10 models model NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 179 11 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 179 12 far far RB cord-021959-1y67126b 179 13 from from IN cord-021959-1y67126b 179 14 satisfying satisfy VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 179 15 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 179 16 needs need NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 179 17 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 179 18 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 179 19 hospitality hospitality NN cord-021959-1y67126b 179 20 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 179 21 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 180 1 As as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 180 2 Fama Fama NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 180 3 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 180 4 French French NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 180 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 180 6 1997 1997 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 180 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 180 8 pointed point VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 180 9 out out RP cord-021959-1y67126b 180 10 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 180 11 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 180 12 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 180 13 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 180 14 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 180 15 estimates estimate NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 180 16 yielded yield VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 180 17 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 180 18 these these DT cord-021959-1y67126b 180 19 models model NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 180 20 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 180 21 distressingly distressingly RB cord-021959-1y67126b 180 22 imprecise imprecise JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 180 23 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 181 1 Standard standard JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 181 2 errors error NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 181 3 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 181 4 more more JJR cord-021959-1y67126b 181 5 than than IN cord-021959-1y67126b 181 6 3 3 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 181 7 % % NN cord-021959-1y67126b 181 8 per per IN cord-021959-1y67126b 181 9 year year NN cord-021959-1y67126b 181 10 were be VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 181 11 typical typical JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 181 12 when when WRB cord-021959-1y67126b 181 13 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 181 14 CAPM CAPM NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 181 15 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 181 16 FF FF NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 181 17 models model NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 181 18 were be VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 181 19 used use VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 181 20 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 181 21 estimate estimate VB cord-021959-1y67126b 181 22 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 181 23 costs cost NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 181 24 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 181 25 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 181 26 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 181 27 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 181 28 study study NN cord-021959-1y67126b 181 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 181 30 Fama Fama NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 181 31 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 181 32 French French NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 181 33 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 181 34 1997 1997 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 181 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 181 36 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 182 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 182 2 stated state VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 182 3 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 182 4 large large JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 182 5 standard standard JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 182 6 errors error NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 182 7 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 182 8 driven drive VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 182 9 primarily primarily RB cord-021959-1y67126b 182 10 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 182 11 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-021959-1y67126b 182 12 about about IN cord-021959-1y67126b 182 13 true true JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 182 14 factor factor NN cord-021959-1y67126b 182 15 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 182 16 premiums premium NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 182 17 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 183 1 Since since IN cord-021959-1y67126b 183 2 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 183 3 hospitality hospitality NN cord-021959-1y67126b 183 4 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 183 5 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 183 6 really really RB cord-021959-1y67126b 183 7 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 183 8 aggregate aggregate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 183 9 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 183 10 individual individual JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 183 11 units unit NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 183 12 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 183 13 all all DT cord-021959-1y67126b 183 14 have have VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 183 15 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 183 16 own own JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 183 17 unique unique JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 183 18 business business NN cord-021959-1y67126b 183 19 environments environment NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 183 20 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 183 21 return return VB cord-021959-1y67126b 183 22 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 183 23 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 183 24 structures structure NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 183 25 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 183 26 this this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 183 27 means mean VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 183 28 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 183 29 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 183 30 standard standard JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 183 31 errors error NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 183 32 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 183 33 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 183 34 thus thus RB cord-021959-1y67126b 183 35 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 183 36 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 183 37 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 183 38 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 183 39 capital capital NN cord-021959-1y67126b 183 40 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 183 41 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 183 42 per per IN cord-021959-1y67126b 183 43 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 183 44 company company NN cord-021959-1y67126b 183 45 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 183 46 single single JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 183 47 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 183 48 unit unit NN cord-021959-1y67126b 183 49 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 183 50 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 183 51 hotel hotel NN cord-021959-1y67126b 183 52 property property NN cord-021959-1y67126b 183 53 or or CC cord-021959-1y67126b 183 54 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 183 55 restaurant restaurant NN cord-021959-1y67126b 183 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 183 57 basis basis NN cord-021959-1y67126b 183 58 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 183 59 or or CC cord-021959-1y67126b 183 60 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 183 61 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 183 62 new new JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 183 63 project project NN cord-021959-1y67126b 183 64 will will MD cord-021959-1y67126b 183 65 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 183 66 even even RB cord-021959-1y67126b 183 67 more more RBR cord-021959-1y67126b 183 68 imprecise imprecise JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 183 69 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 184 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-021959-1y67126b 184 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 184 3 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 184 4 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 184 5 determinants determinant NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 184 6 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 184 7 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 184 8 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 184 9 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 184 10 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 184 11 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 184 12 factor factor NN cord-021959-1y67126b 184 13 loadings loading NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 184 14 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 184 15 individual individual JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 184 16 operating operating NN cord-021959-1y67126b 184 17 units unit NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 184 18 will will MD cord-021959-1y67126b 184 19 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 184 20 even even RB cord-021959-1y67126b 184 21 more more RBR cord-021959-1y67126b 184 22 difficult difficult JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 184 23 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 184 24 estimate estimate VB cord-021959-1y67126b 184 25 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 185 1 Thus thus RB cord-021959-1y67126b 185 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 185 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 185 4 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 185 5 very very RB cord-021959-1y67126b 185 6 important important JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 185 7 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 185 8 consider consider VB cord-021959-1y67126b 185 9 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 185 10 purpose purpose NN cord-021959-1y67126b 185 11 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 185 12 which which WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 185 13 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 185 14 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 185 15 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 185 16 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 185 17 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 185 18 estimated estimate VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 185 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 185 20 e.g. e.g. RB cord-021959-1y67126b 185 21 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 185 22 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 185 23 single single JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 185 24 project project NN cord-021959-1y67126b 185 25 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 185 26 business business NN cord-021959-1y67126b 185 27 division division NN cord-021959-1y67126b 185 28 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 185 29 or or CC cord-021959-1y67126b 185 30 an an DT cord-021959-1y67126b 185 31 entire entire JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 185 32 corporation corporation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 185 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 185 34 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 186 1 Particularly particularly RB cord-021959-1y67126b 186 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 186 3 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 186 4 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 186 5 case case NN cord-021959-1y67126b 186 6 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 186 7 single single JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 186 8 project project NN cord-021959-1y67126b 186 9 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 186 10 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 186 11 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 186 12 estimations estimation NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 186 13 there there RB cord-021959-1y67126b 186 14 might may MD cord-021959-1y67126b 186 15 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 186 16 several several JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 186 17 factors factor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 186 18 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 186 19 need need VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 186 20 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 186 21 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 186 22 considered consider VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 186 23 before before IN cord-021959-1y67126b 186 24 arriving arrive VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 186 25 at at IN cord-021959-1y67126b 186 26 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 186 27 proper proper JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 186 28 discount discount NN cord-021959-1y67126b 186 29 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 186 30 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 186 31 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 186 32 project project NN cord-021959-1y67126b 186 33 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 187 1 These these DT cord-021959-1y67126b 187 2 factors factor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 187 3 might may MD cord-021959-1y67126b 187 4 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 187 5 location location NN cord-021959-1y67126b 187 6 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 187 7 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 187 8 project project NN cord-021959-1y67126b 187 9 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 187 10 local local JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 187 11 / / SYM cord-021959-1y67126b 187 12 regional regional JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 187 13 competition competition NN cord-021959-1y67126b 187 14 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 187 15 political political JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 187 16 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 187 17 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 187 18 credit credit NN cord-021959-1y67126b 187 19 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 187 20 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 187 21 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 187 22 other other JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 187 23 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 187 24 idiosyncratic idiosyncratic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 187 25 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 187 26 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 187 27 given give VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 187 28 project project NN cord-021959-1y67126b 187 29 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 188 1 Consequently consequently RB cord-021959-1y67126b 188 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 188 3 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 188 4 Ogier Ogier NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 188 5 et et NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 188 6 al al NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 188 7 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 189 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 189 2 2004 2004 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 189 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 189 4 suggest suggest VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 189 5 when when WRB cord-021959-1y67126b 189 6 estimating estimate VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 189 7 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 189 8 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 189 9 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 189 10 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 189 11 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 189 12 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 189 13 given give VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 189 14 project project NN cord-021959-1y67126b 189 15 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 189 16 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 189 17 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 189 18 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 189 19 project project NN cord-021959-1y67126b 189 20 will will MD cord-021959-1y67126b 189 21 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 189 22 much much RB cord-021959-1y67126b 189 23 more more RBR cord-021959-1y67126b 189 24 important important JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 189 25 than than IN cord-021959-1y67126b 189 26 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 189 27 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 189 28 level level NN cord-021959-1y67126b 189 29 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 189 30 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 189 31 corporation corporation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 189 32 making make VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 189 33 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 189 34 investment investment NN cord-021959-1y67126b 189 35 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 190 1 In in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 190 2 other other JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 190 3 words word NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 190 4 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 190 5 when when WRB cord-021959-1y67126b 190 6 Marriott Marriott NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 190 7 Corporation Corporation NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 190 8 makes make VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 190 9 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 190 10 capital capital NN cord-021959-1y67126b 190 11 investment investment NN cord-021959-1y67126b 190 12 decision decision NN cord-021959-1y67126b 190 13 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 190 14 Nairobi Nairobi NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 190 15 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 190 16 Kenya Kenya NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 190 17 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 190 18 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 190 19 Marriott Marriott NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 190 20 Corporation Corporation NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 190 21 executives executive NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 190 22 will will MD cord-021959-1y67126b 190 23 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 190 24 much much RB cord-021959-1y67126b 190 25 more more RBR cord-021959-1y67126b 190 26 concerned concerned JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 190 27 with with IN cord-021959-1y67126b 190 28 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 190 29 risks risk NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 190 30 surrounding surround VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 190 31 that that DT cord-021959-1y67126b 190 32 project project NN cord-021959-1y67126b 190 33 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 191 1 Unlike unlike IN cord-021959-1y67126b 191 2 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 191 3 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 191 4 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 191 5 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 191 6 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 191 7 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 191 8 debt debt NN cord-021959-1y67126b 191 9 does do VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 191 10 not not RB cord-021959-1y67126b 191 11 require require VB cord-021959-1y67126b 191 12 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 191 13 use use NN cord-021959-1y67126b 191 14 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 191 15 sophisticated sophisticated JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 191 16 theoretical theoretical JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 191 17 models model NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 191 18 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 192 1 Rather rather RB cord-021959-1y67126b 192 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 192 3 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 192 4 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 192 5 debt debt NN cord-021959-1y67126b 192 6 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 192 7 simply simply RB cord-021959-1y67126b 192 8 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 192 9 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 192 10 at at IN cord-021959-1y67126b 192 11 which which WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 192 12 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 192 13 given give VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 192 14 company company NN cord-021959-1y67126b 192 15 can can MD cord-021959-1y67126b 192 16 borrow borrow VB cord-021959-1y67126b 192 17 capital capital NN cord-021959-1y67126b 192 18 from from IN cord-021959-1y67126b 192 19 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 192 20 lender lender NN cord-021959-1y67126b 192 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 192 22 e.g. e.g. RB cord-021959-1y67126b 192 23 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 192 24 bank bank NN cord-021959-1y67126b 192 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 192 26 or or CC cord-021959-1y67126b 192 27 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 192 28 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 192 29 at at IN cord-021959-1y67126b 192 30 which which WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 192 31 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 192 32 aforementioned aforementioned JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 192 33 company company NN cord-021959-1y67126b 192 34 can can MD cord-021959-1y67126b 192 35 issue issue VB cord-021959-1y67126b 192 36 bonds bond NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 192 37 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 193 1 Some some DT cord-021959-1y67126b 193 2 experts expert NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 193 3 caution caution VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 193 4 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 193 5 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 193 6 • • XX cord-021959-1y67126b 194 1 • • NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 194 2 • • NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 194 3 promised promise VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 194 4 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 194 5 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 194 6 expected expected JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 194 7 yields yield NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 194 8 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 194 9 debt debt NN cord-021959-1y67126b 194 10 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 194 11 two two CD cord-021959-1y67126b 194 12 different different JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 194 13 concepts concept NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 194 14 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 195 1 In in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 195 2 other other JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 195 3 words word NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 195 4 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 195 5 when when WRB cord-021959-1y67126b 195 6 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 195 7 firm firm NN cord-021959-1y67126b 195 8 makes make VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 195 9 contracted contract VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 195 10 debt debt NN cord-021959-1y67126b 195 11 payments payment NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 195 12 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 195 13 time time NN cord-021959-1y67126b 195 14 it -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 195 15 meets meet VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 195 16 " " `` cord-021959-1y67126b 195 17 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 195 18 promised promise VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 195 19 yield yield NN cord-021959-1y67126b 195 20 " " '' cord-021959-1y67126b 195 21 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 195 22 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 195 23 lender lender NN cord-021959-1y67126b 195 24 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 196 1 However however RB cord-021959-1y67126b 196 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 196 3 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 196 4 reality reality NN cord-021959-1y67126b 196 5 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 196 6 there there EX cord-021959-1y67126b 196 7 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 196 8 always always RB cord-021959-1y67126b 196 9 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 196 10 possibility possibility NN cord-021959-1y67126b 196 11 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 196 12 default default NN cord-021959-1y67126b 196 13 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 196 14 thus thus RB cord-021959-1y67126b 196 15 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 196 16 difference difference NN cord-021959-1y67126b 196 17 between between IN cord-021959-1y67126b 196 18 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 196 19 promised promise VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 196 20 yield yield NN cord-021959-1y67126b 196 21 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 196 22 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 196 23 probability probability NN cord-021959-1y67126b 196 24 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 196 25 default default NN cord-021959-1y67126b 196 26 equals equal VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 196 27 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 196 28 expected expect VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 196 29 yield yield NN cord-021959-1y67126b 196 30 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 197 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 197 2 expected expect VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 197 3 yield yield NN cord-021959-1y67126b 197 4 can can MD cord-021959-1y67126b 197 5 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 197 6 regarded regard VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 197 7 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 197 8 true true JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 197 9 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 197 10 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 197 11 debt debt NN cord-021959-1y67126b 197 12 since since IN cord-021959-1y67126b 197 13 it -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 197 14 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 197 15 more more RBR cord-021959-1y67126b 197 16 realistic realistic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 197 17 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 198 1 Although although IN cord-021959-1y67126b 198 2 many many JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 198 3 textbooks textbook NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 198 4 calculate calculate VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 198 5 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 198 6 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 198 7 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 198 8 debt debt NN cord-021959-1y67126b 198 9 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 198 10 promised promise VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 198 11 yield yield NN cord-021959-1y67126b 198 12 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 198 13 it -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 198 14 should should MD cord-021959-1y67126b 198 15 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 198 16 noted note VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 198 17 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 198 18 expected expect VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 198 19 yield yield NN cord-021959-1y67126b 198 20 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 198 21 more more RBR cord-021959-1y67126b 198 22 meaningful meaningful JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 198 23 since since IN cord-021959-1y67126b 198 24 it -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 198 25 includes include VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 198 26 not not RB cord-021959-1y67126b 198 27 only only RB cord-021959-1y67126b 198 28 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 198 29 systematic systematic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 198 30 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 198 31 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 198 32 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 198 33 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 198 34 but but CC cord-021959-1y67126b 198 35 also also RB cord-021959-1y67126b 198 36 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 198 37 firm firm JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 198 38 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 198 39 specific specific JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 198 40 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 198 41 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 198 42 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 198 43 given give VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 198 44 firm firm NN cord-021959-1y67126b 198 45 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 199 1 Another another DT cord-021959-1y67126b 199 2 challenge challenge NN cord-021959-1y67126b 199 3 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 199 4 calculating calculate VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 199 5 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 199 6 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 199 7 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 199 8 debt debt NN cord-021959-1y67126b 199 9 might may MD cord-021959-1y67126b 199 10 occur occur VB cord-021959-1y67126b 199 11 when when WRB cord-021959-1y67126b 199 12 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 199 13 firm firm NN cord-021959-1y67126b 199 14 uses use VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 199 15 multiple multiple JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 199 16 debt debt NN cord-021959-1y67126b 199 17 instruments instrument NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 199 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 199 19 e.g. e.g. RB cord-021959-1y67126b 199 20 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 199 21 bank bank NN cord-021959-1y67126b 199 22 loans loan NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 199 23 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 199 24 commercial commercial JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 199 25 papers paper NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 199 26 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 199 27 bonds bond NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 199 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 199 29 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 200 1 In in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 200 2 this this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 200 3 case case NN cord-021959-1y67126b 200 4 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 200 5 it -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 200 6 may may MD cord-021959-1y67126b 200 7 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 200 8 fruitful fruitful JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 200 9 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 200 10 average average VB cord-021959-1y67126b 200 11 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 200 12 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 200 13 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 200 14 these these DT cord-021959-1y67126b 200 15 instruments instrument NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 200 16 based base VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 200 17 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 200 18 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 200 19 weight weight NN cord-021959-1y67126b 200 20 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 200 21 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 200 22 debt debt NN cord-021959-1y67126b 200 23 portfolio portfolio NN cord-021959-1y67126b 200 24 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 201 1 However however RB cord-021959-1y67126b 201 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 201 3 an an DT cord-021959-1y67126b 201 4 easier easy JJR cord-021959-1y67126b 201 5 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 201 6 more more RBR cord-021959-1y67126b 201 7 simplistic simplistic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 201 8 approach approach NN cord-021959-1y67126b 201 9 would would MD cord-021959-1y67126b 201 10 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 201 11 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 201 12 use use VB cord-021959-1y67126b 201 13 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 201 14 " " `` cord-021959-1y67126b 201 15 generic generic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 201 16 long long JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 201 17 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 201 18 term term NN cord-021959-1y67126b 201 19 debt debt NN cord-021959-1y67126b 201 20 " " '' cord-021959-1y67126b 201 21 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 201 22 which which WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 201 23 can can MD cord-021959-1y67126b 201 24 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 201 25 calculated calculate VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 201 26 from from IN cord-021959-1y67126b 201 27 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 201 28 current current JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 201 29 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 201 30 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 201 31 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 201 32 company company NN cord-021959-1y67126b 201 33 's 's POS cord-021959-1y67126b 201 34 bond bond NN cord-021959-1y67126b 201 35 or or CC cord-021959-1y67126b 201 36 current current JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 201 37 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 201 38 at at IN cord-021959-1y67126b 201 39 which which WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 201 40 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 201 41 company company NN cord-021959-1y67126b 201 42 can can MD cord-021959-1y67126b 201 43 borrow borrow VB cord-021959-1y67126b 201 44 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 201 45 longterm longterm JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 201 46 loan loan NN cord-021959-1y67126b 201 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 201 48 Ogier Ogier NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 201 49 et et NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 201 50 al al NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 201 51 . . NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 201 52 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 201 53 2004 2004 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 201 54 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 201 55 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 202 1 Last last RB cord-021959-1y67126b 202 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 202 3 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 202 4 estimate estimate VB cord-021959-1y67126b 202 5 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 202 6 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 202 7 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 202 8 debt debt NN cord-021959-1y67126b 202 9 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 202 10 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 202 11 issue issue NN cord-021959-1y67126b 202 12 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 202 13 tax tax NN cord-021959-1y67126b 202 14 shield shield NN cord-021959-1y67126b 202 15 should should MD cord-021959-1y67126b 202 16 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 202 17 given give VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 202 18 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 202 19 close close JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 202 20 consideration consideration NN cord-021959-1y67126b 202 21 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 203 1 For for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 203 2 instance instance NN cord-021959-1y67126b 203 3 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 203 4 although although IN cord-021959-1y67126b 203 5 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 203 6 majority majority NN cord-021959-1y67126b 203 7 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 203 8 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 203 9 finance finance NN cord-021959-1y67126b 203 10 textbooks textbook NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 203 11 use use VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 203 12 35 35 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 203 13 or or CC cord-021959-1y67126b 203 14 40 40 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 203 15 % % NN cord-021959-1y67126b 203 16 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 203 17 an an DT cord-021959-1y67126b 203 18 average average NN cord-021959-1y67126b 203 19 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 203 20 corporate corporate JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 203 21 tax tax NN cord-021959-1y67126b 203 22 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 203 23 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 203 24 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 203 25 United United NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 203 26 States States NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 203 27 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 203 28 it -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 203 29 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 203 30 common common JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 203 31 occurrence occurrence NN cord-021959-1y67126b 203 32 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 203 33 observe observe VB cord-021959-1y67126b 203 34 companies company NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 203 35 whose whose WP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 203 36 effective effective JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 203 37 corporate corporate JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 203 38 tax tax NN cord-021959-1y67126b 203 39 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 203 40 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 203 41 often often RB cord-021959-1y67126b 203 42 lower low JJR cord-021959-1y67126b 203 43 than than IN cord-021959-1y67126b 203 44 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 203 45 statutory statutory JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 203 46 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 203 47 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 204 1 Here here RB cord-021959-1y67126b 204 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 204 3 an an DT cord-021959-1y67126b 204 4 executive executive NN cord-021959-1y67126b 204 5 should should MD cord-021959-1y67126b 204 6 assess assess VB cord-021959-1y67126b 204 7 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 204 8 situation situation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 204 9 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 204 10 decide decide VB cord-021959-1y67126b 204 11 whether whether IN cord-021959-1y67126b 204 12 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 204 13 effective effective JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 204 14 tax tax NN cord-021959-1y67126b 204 15 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 204 16 trend trend NN cord-021959-1y67126b 204 17 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 204 18 expected expect VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 204 19 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 204 20 continue continue VB cord-021959-1y67126b 204 21 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 204 22 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 204 23 below below IN cord-021959-1y67126b 204 24 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 204 25 statutory statutory JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 204 26 corporate corporate JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 204 27 tax tax NN cord-021959-1y67126b 204 28 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 204 29 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 204 30 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 204 31 long long JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 204 32 term term NN cord-021959-1y67126b 204 33 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 205 1 If if IN cord-021959-1y67126b 205 2 that that DT cord-021959-1y67126b 205 3 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 205 4 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 205 5 case case NN cord-021959-1y67126b 205 6 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 205 7 then then RB cord-021959-1y67126b 205 8 he -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 205 9 / / SYM cord-021959-1y67126b 205 10 she -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 205 11 should should MD cord-021959-1y67126b 205 12 use use VB cord-021959-1y67126b 205 13 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 205 14 effective effective JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 205 15 tax tax NN cord-021959-1y67126b 205 16 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 205 17 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 205 18 calculating calculate VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 205 19 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 205 20 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 205 21 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 205 22 debt debt NN cord-021959-1y67126b 205 23 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 206 1 However however RB cord-021959-1y67126b 206 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 206 3 if if IN cord-021959-1y67126b 206 4 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 206 5 low low JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 206 6 effective effective JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 206 7 tax tax NN cord-021959-1y67126b 206 8 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 206 9 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 206 10 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 206 11 short short JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 206 12 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 206 13 term term NN cord-021959-1y67126b 206 14 occurrence occurrence NN cord-021959-1y67126b 206 15 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 206 16 then then RB cord-021959-1y67126b 206 17 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 206 18 given give VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 206 19 firm firm NN cord-021959-1y67126b 206 20 should should MD cord-021959-1y67126b 206 21 use use VB cord-021959-1y67126b 206 22 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 206 23 statutory statutory JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 206 24 corporate corporate JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 206 25 tax tax NN cord-021959-1y67126b 206 26 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 206 27 instead instead RB cord-021959-1y67126b 207 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 207 2 Ogier Ogier NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 207 3 et et NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 207 4 al al NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 207 5 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 208 1 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 208 2 2004 2004 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 208 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 208 4 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 209 1 Hospitality hospitality NN cord-021959-1y67126b 209 2 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 209 3 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 209 4 part part NN cord-021959-1y67126b 209 5 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 209 6 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 209 7 overall overall JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 209 8 service service NN cord-021959-1y67126b 209 9 sector sector NN cord-021959-1y67126b 209 10 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 209 11 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 209 12 dependent dependent JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 209 13 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 209 14 human human JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 209 15 capital capital NN cord-021959-1y67126b 209 16 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 209 17 order order NN cord-021959-1y67126b 209 18 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 209 19 maintain maintain VB cord-021959-1y67126b 209 20 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 209 21 grow grow VB cord-021959-1y67126b 209 22 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 209 23 operations operation NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 209 24 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 210 1 In in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 210 2 an an DT cord-021959-1y67126b 210 3 increasingly increasingly RB cord-021959-1y67126b 210 4 competitive competitive JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 210 5 environment environment NN cord-021959-1y67126b 210 6 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 210 7 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 210 8 human human JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 210 9 factor factor NN cord-021959-1y67126b 210 10 becomes become VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 210 11 one one CD cord-021959-1y67126b 210 12 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 210 13 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 210 14 keys key NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 210 15 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 210 16 creating create VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 210 17 sustainable sustainable JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 210 18 competitive competitive JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 210 19 advantage advantage NN cord-021959-1y67126b 210 20 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 211 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-021959-1y67126b 211 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 211 3 Murphy Murphy NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 211 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 211 5 2003 2003 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 211 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 211 7 stated state VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 211 8 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 211 9 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 211 10 hospitality hospitality NN cord-021959-1y67126b 211 11 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 211 12 should should MD cord-021959-1y67126b 211 13 learn learn VB cord-021959-1y67126b 211 14 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 211 15 view view VB cord-021959-1y67126b 211 16 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 211 17 employees employee NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 211 18 from from IN cord-021959-1y67126b 211 19 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 211 20 new new JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 211 21 paradigm paradigm NN cord-021959-1y67126b 211 22 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 211 23 human human JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 211 24 capital capital NN cord-021959-1y67126b 211 25 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 211 26 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 211 27 strategic strategic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 211 28 intangible intangible JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 211 29 asset asset NN cord-021959-1y67126b 211 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 211 31 knowledge knowledge NN cord-021959-1y67126b 211 32 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 211 33 experience experience NN cord-021959-1y67126b 211 34 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 211 35 skills skill NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 211 36 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 211 37 etc etc FW cord-021959-1y67126b 211 38 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 211 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 211 40 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 212 1 This this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 212 2 implies imply VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 212 3 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 212 4 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 212 5 like like IN cord-021959-1y67126b 212 6 other other JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 212 7 assets asset NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 212 8 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 212 9 it -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 212 10 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 212 11 an an DT cord-021959-1y67126b 212 12 important important JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 212 13 determinant determinant NN cord-021959-1y67126b 212 14 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 212 15 firm firm JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 212 16 value value NN cord-021959-1y67126b 212 17 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 213 1 However however RB cord-021959-1y67126b 213 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 213 3 studies study NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 213 4 have have VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 213 5 concluded conclude VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 213 6 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 213 7 " " `` cord-021959-1y67126b 213 8 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 213 9 research research NN cord-021959-1y67126b 213 10 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 213 11 human human JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 213 12 resources resource NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 213 13 expenditures expenditure NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 213 14 " " '' cord-021959-1y67126b 213 15 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 213 16 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 213 17 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 213 18 infancy infancy NN cord-021959-1y67126b 213 19 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 213 20 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 213 21 seriously seriously RB cord-021959-1y67126b 213 22 hampered hamper VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 213 23 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 213 24 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 213 25 absence absence NN cord-021959-1y67126b 213 26 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 213 27 publicly publicly RB cord-021959-1y67126b 213 28 disclosed disclose VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 213 29 corporate corporate JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 213 30 data datum NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 213 31 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 213 32 human human JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 213 33 resources resource NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 213 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 213 35 Lev Lev NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 213 36 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 213 37 2001 2001 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 213 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 213 39 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 214 1 Caroll Caroll NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 214 2 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 214 3 Sikich Sikich NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 214 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 214 5 1999 1999 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 214 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 214 7 argued argue VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 214 8 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 214 9 keeping keep VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 214 10 track track NN cord-021959-1y67126b 214 11 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 214 12 at at IN cord-021959-1y67126b 214 13 least least JJS cord-021959-1y67126b 214 14 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 214 15 3-year 3-year CD cord-021959-1y67126b 214 16 history history NN cord-021959-1y67126b 214 17 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 214 18 labour labour NN cord-021959-1y67126b 214 19 costs cost NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 214 20 would would MD cord-021959-1y67126b 214 21 serve serve VB cord-021959-1y67126b 214 22 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 214 23 identify identify VB cord-021959-1y67126b 214 24 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 214 25 dollar dollar NN cord-021959-1y67126b 214 26 value value NN cord-021959-1y67126b 214 27 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 214 28 " " `` cord-021959-1y67126b 214 29 premium premium JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 214 30 " " '' cord-021959-1y67126b 214 31 labour labour NN cord-021959-1y67126b 214 32 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 214 33 related relate VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 214 34 costs cost NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 214 35 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 214 36 which which WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 214 37 could could MD cord-021959-1y67126b 214 38 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 214 39 thought think VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 214 40 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 214 41 as as RB cord-021959-1y67126b 214 42 all all DT cord-021959-1y67126b 214 43 labour labour NN cord-021959-1y67126b 214 44 / / SYM cord-021959-1y67126b 214 45 benefit benefit NN cord-021959-1y67126b 214 46 costs cost NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 214 47 above above IN cord-021959-1y67126b 214 48 federally federally RB cord-021959-1y67126b 214 49 mandated mandate VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 214 50 minimum minimum JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 214 51 wage wage NN cord-021959-1y67126b 214 52 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 215 1 Other other JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 215 2 techniques technique NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 215 3 proposed propose VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 215 4 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 215 5 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 215 6 authors author NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 215 7 were be VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 215 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 215 9 1 1 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 215 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 215 11 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 215 12 design design VB cord-021959-1y67126b 215 13 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 215 14 scoring scoring NN cord-021959-1y67126b 215 15 system system NN cord-021959-1y67126b 215 16 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 215 17 illustrates illustrate VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 215 18 productivity productivity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 215 19 versus versus IN cord-021959-1y67126b 215 20 both both CC cord-021959-1y67126b 215 21 baseline baseline NN cord-021959-1y67126b 215 22 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 215 23 premium premium NN cord-021959-1y67126b 215 24 labour labour NN cord-021959-1y67126b 215 25 / / SYM cord-021959-1y67126b 215 26 benefit benefit NN cord-021959-1y67126b 215 27 costs cost NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 215 28 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 215 29 departments department NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 215 30 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 215 31 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 215 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 215 33 2 2 LS cord-021959-1y67126b 215 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 215 35 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 215 36 establish establish VB cord-021959-1y67126b 215 37 metrics metric NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 215 38 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 215 39 determine determine VB cord-021959-1y67126b 215 40 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 215 41 productivity productivity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 215 42 level level NN cord-021959-1y67126b 215 43 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 215 44 guest guest NN cord-021959-1y67126b 215 45 experience experience NN cord-021959-1y67126b 215 46 standards standard NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 215 47 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 215 48 facilities facility NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 215 49 standards standard NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 215 50 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 215 51 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 215 52 targeted target VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 215 53 revenue revenue NN cord-021959-1y67126b 215 54 improvements improvement NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 215 55 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 215 56 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 215 57 department department NN cord-021959-1y67126b 215 58 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 215 59 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 215 60 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 215 61 department department NN cord-021959-1y67126b 215 62 basis basis NN cord-021959-1y67126b 215 63 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 216 1 Bloxham Bloxham NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 216 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 216 3 2003 2003 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 216 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 216 5 advocated advocate VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 216 6 adjustments adjustment NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 216 7 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 216 8 certain certain JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 216 9 human human JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 216 10 resource resource NN cord-021959-1y67126b 216 11 expenditures expenditure NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 216 12 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 216 13 capitalize capitalize VB cord-021959-1y67126b 216 14 them -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 216 15 over over IN cord-021959-1y67126b 216 16 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 216 17 time time NN cord-021959-1y67126b 216 18 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 216 19 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 216 20 investment investment NN cord-021959-1y67126b 216 21 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 217 1 In in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 217 2 that that DT cord-021959-1y67126b 217 3 approach approach NN cord-021959-1y67126b 217 4 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 217 5 one one CD cord-021959-1y67126b 217 6 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 217 7 time time NN cord-021959-1y67126b 217 8 human human JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 217 9 resources resource NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 217 10 costs cost NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 217 11 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 217 12 amortized amortize VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 217 13 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 217 14 capitalized capitalize VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 217 15 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 217 16 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 217 17 value value NN cord-021959-1y67126b 217 18 creation creation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 217 19 equation equation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 217 20 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 217 21 an an DT cord-021959-1y67126b 217 22 effort effort NN cord-021959-1y67126b 217 23 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 217 24 demonstrate demonstrate VB cord-021959-1y67126b 217 25 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 217 26 human human JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 217 27 capital capital NN cord-021959-1y67126b 217 28 investments investment NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 217 29 go go VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 217 30 beyond beyond IN cord-021959-1y67126b 217 31 being be VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 217 32 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 217 33 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 217 34 item item NN cord-021959-1y67126b 217 35 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 217 36 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 217 37 firms firm NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 217 38 ' ' POS cord-021959-1y67126b 217 39 operations operation NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 217 40 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 218 1 These these DT cord-021959-1y67126b 218 2 costs cost NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 218 3 can can MD cord-021959-1y67126b 218 4 include include VB cord-021959-1y67126b 218 5 recruiting recruit VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 218 6 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 218 7 interviewing interviewing NN cord-021959-1y67126b 218 8 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 218 9 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 218 10 hiring hire VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 218 11 costs cost NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 218 12 ; ; : cord-021959-1y67126b 218 13 one one CD cord-021959-1y67126b 218 14 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 218 15 time time NN cord-021959-1y67126b 218 16 hiring hire VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 218 17 bonuses bonus NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 218 18 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 218 19 relocation relocation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 218 20 expenses expense NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 218 21 ; ; , cord-021959-1y67126b 218 22 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 218 23 training training NN cord-021959-1y67126b 218 24 costs cost NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 218 25 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 219 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 219 2 costs cost NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 219 3 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 219 4 capitalized capitalize VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 219 5 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 219 6 amortized amortize VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 219 7 over over IN cord-021959-1y67126b 219 8 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 219 9 average average JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 219 10 employee employee NN cord-021959-1y67126b 219 11 tenure tenure NN cord-021959-1y67126b 219 12 with with IN cord-021959-1y67126b 219 13 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 219 14 company company NN cord-021959-1y67126b 219 15 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 220 1 In in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 220 2 this this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 220 3 case case NN cord-021959-1y67126b 220 4 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 220 5 if if IN cord-021959-1y67126b 220 6 employee employee NN cord-021959-1y67126b 220 7 turnover turnover NN cord-021959-1y67126b 220 8 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 220 9 high high JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 220 10 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 220 11 these these DT cord-021959-1y67126b 220 12 costs cost NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 220 13 would would MD cord-021959-1y67126b 220 14 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 220 15 amortized amortize VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 220 16 over over IN cord-021959-1y67126b 220 17 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 220 18 shorter short JJR cord-021959-1y67126b 220 19 time time NN cord-021959-1y67126b 220 20 period period NN cord-021959-1y67126b 220 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 220 22 thus thus RB cord-021959-1y67126b 220 23 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 220 24 costs cost NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 220 25 will will MD cord-021959-1y67126b 220 26 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 220 27 higher high JJR cord-021959-1y67126b 220 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 220 29 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 220 30 whereas whereas IN cord-021959-1y67126b 220 31 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 220 32 longer long JJR cord-021959-1y67126b 220 33 tenure tenure NN cord-021959-1y67126b 220 34 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 220 35 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 220 36 workforce workforce NN cord-021959-1y67126b 220 37 will will MD cord-021959-1y67126b 220 38 enable enable VB cord-021959-1y67126b 220 39 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 220 40 firm firm NN cord-021959-1y67126b 220 41 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 220 42 spread spread VB cord-021959-1y67126b 220 43 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 220 44 costs cost NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 220 45 over over IN cord-021959-1y67126b 220 46 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 220 47 longer long JJR cord-021959-1y67126b 220 48 period period NN cord-021959-1y67126b 220 49 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 220 50 time time NN cord-021959-1y67126b 220 51 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 221 1 Kalafut Kalafut NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 221 2 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 221 3 Low Low NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 221 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 221 5 2001 2001 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 221 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 221 7 reported report VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 221 8 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 221 9 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 221 10 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 221 11 study study NN cord-021959-1y67126b 221 12 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 221 13 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 221 14 airline airline NN cord-021959-1y67126b 221 15 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 221 16 conducted conduct VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 221 17 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 221 18 Cap Cap NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 221 19 Gemini Gemini NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 221 20 Ernst Ernst NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 221 21 & & CC cord-021959-1y67126b 221 22 Young Young NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 221 23 's 's POS cord-021959-1y67126b 221 24 Center Center NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 221 25 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 221 26 Business Business NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 221 27 Innovation Innovation NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 221 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 221 29 CBI CBI NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 221 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 221 31 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 221 32 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 221 33 employee employee NN cord-021959-1y67126b 221 34 category category NN cord-021959-1y67126b 221 35 was be VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 221 36 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 221 37 single single JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 221 38 greatest great JJS cord-021959-1y67126b 221 39 value value NN cord-021959-1y67126b 221 40 driver driver NN cord-021959-1y67126b 221 41 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 221 42 had have VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 221 43 an an DT cord-021959-1y67126b 221 44 impact impact NN cord-021959-1y67126b 221 45 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 221 46 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 221 47 firm firm NN cord-021959-1y67126b 221 48 's 's POS cord-021959-1y67126b 221 49 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 221 50 value value NN cord-021959-1y67126b 221 51 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 222 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 222 2 employee employee NN cord-021959-1y67126b 222 3 factor factor NN cord-021959-1y67126b 222 4 had have VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 222 5 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 222 6 positive positive JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 222 7 correlation correlation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 222 8 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 222 9 0.68 0.68 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 222 10 with with IN cord-021959-1y67126b 222 11 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 222 12 firm firm JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 222 13 value value NN cord-021959-1y67126b 222 14 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 223 1 Thus thus RB cord-021959-1y67126b 223 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 223 3 Kalafut Kalafut NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 223 4 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 223 5 Low Low NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 223 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 223 7 2001 2001 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 223 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 223 9 conclude conclude VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 223 10 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 223 11 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 223 12 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 223 13 aggregate aggregate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 223 14 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 223 15 quality quality NN cord-021959-1y67126b 223 16 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 223 17 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 223 18 talent talent NN cord-021959-1y67126b 223 19 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 223 20 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 223 21 workforce workforce NN cord-021959-1y67126b 223 22 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 223 23 quality quality NN cord-021959-1y67126b 223 24 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 223 25 labour labour NN cord-021959-1y67126b 223 26 management management NN cord-021959-1y67126b 223 27 relations relation NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 223 28 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 223 29 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 223 30 diversity diversity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 223 31 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 223 32 critically critically RB cord-021959-1y67126b 223 33 important important JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 223 34 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 223 35 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 223 36 value value NN cord-021959-1y67126b 223 37 creation creation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 223 38 process process NN cord-021959-1y67126b 223 39 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 223 40 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 223 41 airline airline NN cord-021959-1y67126b 223 42 companies company NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 223 43 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 224 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 224 2 arguments argument NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 224 3 above above RB cord-021959-1y67126b 224 4 can can MD cord-021959-1y67126b 224 5 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 224 6 justified justify VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 224 7 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 224 8 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 224 9 grounds ground NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 224 10 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 224 11 higher high JJR cord-021959-1y67126b 224 12 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 224 13 quality quality NN cord-021959-1y67126b 224 14 human human JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 224 15 resources resource NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 224 16 decrease decrease VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 224 17 labour labour NN cord-021959-1y67126b 224 18 turnover turnover NN cord-021959-1y67126b 224 19 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 224 20 increase increase VB cord-021959-1y67126b 224 21 employee employee NN cord-021959-1y67126b 224 22 productivity productivity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 224 23 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 225 1 This this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 225 2 results result VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 225 3 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 225 4 better well JJR cord-021959-1y67126b 225 5 organizational organizational JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 225 6 performance performance NN cord-021959-1y67126b 225 7 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 225 8 results result VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 225 9 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 225 10 stabilization stabilization NN cord-021959-1y67126b 225 11 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 225 12 cash cash NN cord-021959-1y67126b 225 13 flows flow NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 225 14 which which WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 225 15 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 225 16 turn turn NN cord-021959-1y67126b 225 17 decreases decrease VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 225 18 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 225 19 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-021959-1y67126b 225 20 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 225 21 firms firm NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 225 22 ' ' POS cord-021959-1y67126b 225 23 stock stock NN cord-021959-1y67126b 225 24 returns return NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 225 25 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 226 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-021959-1y67126b 226 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 226 3 one one PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 226 4 would would MD cord-021959-1y67126b 226 5 expect expect VB cord-021959-1y67126b 226 6 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 226 7 hospitality hospitality NN cord-021959-1y67126b 226 8 firms firm NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 226 9 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 226 10 have have VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 226 11 institutionalized institutionalize VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 226 12 quality quality NN cord-021959-1y67126b 226 13 human human JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 226 14 resource resource NN cord-021959-1y67126b 226 15 management management NN cord-021959-1y67126b 226 16 practices practice NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 226 17 would would MD cord-021959-1y67126b 226 18 achieve achieve VB cord-021959-1y67126b 226 19 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 226 20 more more RBR cord-021959-1y67126b 226 21 realistic realistic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 226 22 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 226 23 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 226 24 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 226 25 estimates estimate NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 226 26 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 226 27 reflect reflect VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 226 28 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 226 29 lower low JJR cord-021959-1y67126b 226 30 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 226 31 associated associate VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 226 32 with with IN cord-021959-1y67126b 226 33 these these DT cord-021959-1y67126b 226 34 practices practice NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 226 35 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 227 1 Although although IN cord-021959-1y67126b 227 2 definitions definition NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 227 3 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 227 4 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 227 5 concept concept NN cord-021959-1y67126b 227 6 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 227 7 brand brand NN cord-021959-1y67126b 227 8 differ differ VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 227 9 across across IN cord-021959-1y67126b 227 10 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 227 11 professional professional JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 227 12 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 227 13 trade trade NN cord-021959-1y67126b 227 14 literature literature NN cord-021959-1y67126b 227 15 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 227 16 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 227 17 underlying underlie VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 227 18 notion notion NN cord-021959-1y67126b 227 19 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 227 20 that that DT cord-021959-1y67126b 227 21 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 227 22 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 227 23 distinctive distinctive JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 227 24 name name NN cord-021959-1y67126b 227 25 with with IN cord-021959-1y67126b 227 26 which which WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 227 27 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 227 28 customer customer NN cord-021959-1y67126b 227 29 has have VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 227 30 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 227 31 higher high JJR cord-021959-1y67126b 227 32 level level NN cord-021959-1y67126b 227 33 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 227 34 awareness awareness NN cord-021959-1y67126b 227 35 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 227 36 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 227 37 willingness willingness NN cord-021959-1y67126b 227 38 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 227 39 pay pay VB cord-021959-1y67126b 227 40 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 227 41 higher high JJR cord-021959-1y67126b 227 42 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 227 43 thanotherwise thanotherwise NN cord-021959-1y67126b 227 44 average average JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 227 45 price price NN cord-021959-1y67126b 227 46 or or CC cord-021959-1y67126b 227 47 make make VB cord-021959-1y67126b 227 48 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 227 49 higher high JJR cord-021959-1y67126b 227 50 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 227 51 than than IN cord-021959-1y67126b 227 52 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 227 53 otherwise otherwise RB cord-021959-1y67126b 227 54 purchase purchase NN cord-021959-1y67126b 227 55 frequency frequency NN cord-021959-1y67126b 227 56 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 227 57 Barth Barth NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 227 58 et et NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 227 59 al al NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 227 60 . . NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 227 61 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 227 62 1998 1998 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 227 63 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 227 64 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 228 1 A a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 228 2 brand brand NN cord-021959-1y67126b 228 3 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 228 4 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 228 5 product product NN cord-021959-1y67126b 228 6 or or CC cord-021959-1y67126b 228 7 service service NN cord-021959-1y67126b 228 8 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 228 9 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 228 10 particular particular JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 228 11 supplier supplier NN cord-021959-1y67126b 228 12 which which WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 228 13 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 228 14 differentiated differentiate VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 228 15 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 228 16 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 228 17 name name NN cord-021959-1y67126b 228 18 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 228 19 perceived perceive VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 228 20 expectations expectation NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 228 21 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 228 22 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 228 23 part part NN cord-021959-1y67126b 228 24 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 228 25 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 228 26 consumer consumer NN cord-021959-1y67126b 228 27 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 229 1 Brands brand NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 229 2 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 229 3 important important JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 229 4 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 229 5 valuable valuable JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 229 6 because because IN cord-021959-1y67126b 229 7 they -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 229 8 provide provide VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 229 9 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 229 10 " " `` cord-021959-1y67126b 229 11 certainty certainty NN cord-021959-1y67126b 229 12 " " '' cord-021959-1y67126b 229 13 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 229 14 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 229 15 future future JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 229 16 cash cash NN cord-021959-1y67126b 229 17 flows flow NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 229 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 229 19 Murphy Murphy NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 229 20 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 229 21 1990 1990 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 229 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 229 23 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 230 1 However however RB cord-021959-1y67126b 230 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 230 3 since since IN cord-021959-1y67126b 230 4 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 230 5 task task NN cord-021959-1y67126b 230 6 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 230 7 estimating estimate VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 230 8 brand brand NN cord-021959-1y67126b 230 9 value value NN cord-021959-1y67126b 230 10 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 230 11 yet yet RB cord-021959-1y67126b 230 12 an an DT cord-021959-1y67126b 230 13 improbable improbable JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 230 14 one one NN cord-021959-1y67126b 230 15 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 230 16 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 230 17 value value NN cord-021959-1y67126b 230 18 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 230 19 not not RB cord-021959-1y67126b 230 20 specifically specifically RB cord-021959-1y67126b 230 21 reflected reflect VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 230 22 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 230 23 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 230 24 company company NN cord-021959-1y67126b 230 25 's 's POS cord-021959-1y67126b 230 26 balance balance NN cord-021959-1y67126b 230 27 sheet sheet NN cord-021959-1y67126b 230 28 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 231 1 Yet yet RB cord-021959-1y67126b 231 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 231 3 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 231 4 lodging lodging NN cord-021959-1y67126b 231 5 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 231 6 has have VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 231 7 made make VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 231 8 much much JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 231 9 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 231 10 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 231 11 importance importance NN cord-021959-1y67126b 231 12 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 231 13 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 231 14 value value NN cord-021959-1y67126b 231 15 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 231 16 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 231 17 brand brand NN cord-021959-1y67126b 231 18 but but CC cord-021959-1y67126b 231 19 has have VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 231 20 not not RB cord-021959-1y67126b 231 21 been be VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 231 22 able able JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 231 23 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 231 24 unequivocally unequivocally RB cord-021959-1y67126b 231 25 substantiate substantiate VB cord-021959-1y67126b 231 26 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 231 27 role role NN cord-021959-1y67126b 231 28 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 231 29 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 231 30 brand brand NN cord-021959-1y67126b 231 31 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 231 32 reducing reduce VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 231 33 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 231 34 variance variance NN cord-021959-1y67126b 231 35 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 231 36 firm firm JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 231 37 cash cash NN cord-021959-1y67126b 231 38 flows flow NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 231 39 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 231 40 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 231 41 thus thus RB cord-021959-1y67126b 231 42 contributing contribute VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 231 43 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 231 44 lower low JJR cord-021959-1y67126b 231 45 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 231 46 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 231 47 capital capital NN cord-021959-1y67126b 231 48 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 231 49 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 231 50 firm firm NN cord-021959-1y67126b 231 51 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 232 1 Srivastava Srivastava NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 232 2 et et NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 232 3 al al NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 232 4 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 233 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 233 2 1998 1998 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 233 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 233 4 provided provide VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 233 5 an an DT cord-021959-1y67126b 233 6 analytical analytical JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 233 7 example example NN cord-021959-1y67126b 233 8 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 233 9 how how WRB cord-021959-1y67126b 233 10 successful successful JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 233 11 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 233 12 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 233 13 based base VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 233 14 assets asset NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 233 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 233 16 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 233 17 term term NN cord-021959-1y67126b 233 18 authors author NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 233 19 use use VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 233 20 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 233 21 lieu lieu NN cord-021959-1y67126b 233 22 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 233 23 intangibles intangible NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 233 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 233 25 lower low JJR cord-021959-1y67126b 233 26 costs cost NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 233 27 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 233 28 building build VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 233 29 superior superior JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 233 30 relationships relationship NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 233 31 with with IN cord-021959-1y67126b 233 32 customers customer NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 233 33 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 233 34 enable enable VB cord-021959-1y67126b 233 35 firms firm NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 233 36 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 233 37 attain attain VB cord-021959-1y67126b 233 38 price price NN cord-021959-1y67126b 233 39 premiums premium NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 233 40 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 233 41 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 233 42 generate generate VB cord-021959-1y67126b 233 43 competitive competitive JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 233 44 barriers barrier NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 233 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 233 46 via via IN cord-021959-1y67126b 233 47 customer customer NN cord-021959-1y67126b 233 48 loyalty loyalty NN cord-021959-1y67126b 233 49 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 233 50 switching switching NN cord-021959-1y67126b 233 51 costs cost NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 233 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 233 53 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 234 1 All all PDT cord-021959-1y67126b 234 2 these these DT cord-021959-1y67126b 234 3 factors factor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 234 4 lead lead VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 234 5 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 234 6 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 234 7 conclusion conclusion NN cord-021959-1y67126b 234 8 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 234 9 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 234 10 strong strong JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 234 11 brand brand NN cord-021959-1y67126b 234 12 reduces reduce VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 234 13 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 234 14 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-021959-1y67126b 234 15 pertaining pertain VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 234 16 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 234 17 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 234 18 future future JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 234 19 cash cash NN cord-021959-1y67126b 234 20 flows flow NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 234 21 which which WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 234 22 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 234 23 turn turn NN cord-021959-1y67126b 234 24 decreases decrease VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 234 25 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 234 26 required require VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 234 27 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 234 28 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 234 29 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 234 30 investors investor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 234 31 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 234 32 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 234 33 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 234 34 they -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 234 35 bear bear VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 234 36 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 234 37 investing invest VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 234 38 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 234 39 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 234 40 particular particular JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 234 41 firm firm NN cord-021959-1y67126b 234 42 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 235 1 In in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 235 2 attempts attempt NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 235 3 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 235 4 value value VB cord-021959-1y67126b 235 5 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 235 6 brand brand NN cord-021959-1y67126b 235 7 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 235 8 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 235 9 manufacturing manufacturing NN cord-021959-1y67126b 235 10 industries industry NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 235 11 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 235 12 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 235 13 use use NN cord-021959-1y67126b 235 14 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 235 15 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 235 16 following following JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 235 17 methods method NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 235 18 has have VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 235 19 been be VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 235 20 cited cite VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 235 21 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 235 22 Murphy Murphy NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 235 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 235 24 1990 1990 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 235 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 235 26 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 236 1 • • NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 237 1 Valuation valuation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 237 2 based base VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 237 3 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 237 4 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 237 5 aggregate aggregate JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 237 6 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 237 7 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 237 8 all all DT cord-021959-1y67126b 237 9 marketing marketing NN cord-021959-1y67126b 237 10 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 237 11 advertising advertising NN cord-021959-1y67126b 237 12 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 237 13 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 237 14 research research NN cord-021959-1y67126b 237 15 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 237 16 development development NN cord-021959-1y67126b 237 17 expenditures expenditure NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 237 18 devoted devote VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 237 19 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 237 20 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 237 21 brand brand NN cord-021959-1y67126b 237 22 over over IN cord-021959-1y67126b 237 23 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 237 24 stipulated stipulate VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 237 25 period period NN cord-021959-1y67126b 237 26 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 238 1 • • NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 239 1 Valuation valuation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 239 2 based base VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 239 3 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 239 4 premium premium NN cord-021959-1y67126b 239 5 pricing pricing NN cord-021959-1y67126b 239 6 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 239 7 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 239 8 branded brand VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 239 9 product product NN cord-021959-1y67126b 239 10 over over IN cord-021959-1y67126b 239 11 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 239 12 non non JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 239 13 - - JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 239 14 branded branded JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 239 15 product product NN cord-021959-1y67126b 239 16 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 240 1 • • NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 241 1 Valuation valuation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 241 2 at at IN cord-021959-1y67126b 241 3 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 241 4 value value NN cord-021959-1y67126b 241 5 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 242 1 • • NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 243 1 Valuation valuation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 243 2 based base VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 243 3 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 243 4 various various JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 243 5 consumer consumer NN cord-021959-1y67126b 243 6 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 243 7 related relate VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 243 8 factors factor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 243 9 such such JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 243 10 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 243 11 esteem esteem NN cord-021959-1y67126b 243 12 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 243 13 recognition recognition NN cord-021959-1y67126b 243 14 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 243 15 or or CC cord-021959-1y67126b 243 16 awareness awareness NN cord-021959-1y67126b 243 17 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 244 1 • • NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 245 1 Valuation valuation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 245 2 based base VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 245 3 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 245 4 future future JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 245 5 earning earn VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 245 6 potential potential NN cord-021959-1y67126b 245 7 discounted discount VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 245 8 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 245 9 present present JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 245 10 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 245 11 day day NN cord-021959-1y67126b 245 12 value value NN cord-021959-1y67126b 245 13 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 246 1 In in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 246 2 further further JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 246 3 analysis analysis NN cord-021959-1y67126b 246 4 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 246 5 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 246 6 investigators investigator NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 246 7 rejected reject VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 246 8 these these DT cord-021959-1y67126b 246 9 methods method NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 246 10 because because IN cord-021959-1y67126b 246 11 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 246 12 if if IN cord-021959-1y67126b 246 13 indeed indeed RB cord-021959-1y67126b 246 14 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 246 15 brand brand NN cord-021959-1y67126b 246 16 values value NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 246 17 were be VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 246 18 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 246 19 function function NN cord-021959-1y67126b 246 20 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 246 21 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 246 22 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 246 23 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 246 24 development development NN cord-021959-1y67126b 246 25 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 246 26 then then RB cord-021959-1y67126b 246 27 failed fail VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 246 28 brands brand NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 246 29 would would MD cord-021959-1y67126b 246 30 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 246 31 attributed attribute VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 246 32 high high JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 246 33 values value NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 246 34 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 247 1 In in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 247 2 addition addition NN cord-021959-1y67126b 247 3 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 247 4 brand brand NN cord-021959-1y67126b 247 5 valuation valuation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 247 6 based base VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 247 7 solely solely RB cord-021959-1y67126b 247 8 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 247 9 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 247 10 consumer consumer NN cord-021959-1y67126b 247 11 esteem esteem NN cord-021959-1y67126b 247 12 or or CC cord-021959-1y67126b 247 13 awareness awareness NN cord-021959-1y67126b 247 14 factor factor NN cord-021959-1y67126b 247 15 would would MD cord-021959-1y67126b 247 16 bear bear VB cord-021959-1y67126b 247 17 no no DT cord-021959-1y67126b 247 18 relationship relationship NN cord-021959-1y67126b 247 19 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 247 20 commercial commercial JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 247 21 reality reality NN cord-021959-1y67126b 247 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 247 23 Murphy Murphy NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 247 24 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 247 25 1990 1990 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 247 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 247 27 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 248 1 In in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 248 2 an an DT cord-021959-1y67126b 248 3 effort effort NN cord-021959-1y67126b 248 4 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 248 5 link link VB cord-021959-1y67126b 248 6 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 248 7 firm firm NN cord-021959-1y67126b 248 8 's 's POS cord-021959-1y67126b 248 9 security security NN cord-021959-1y67126b 248 10 returns return NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 248 11 with with IN cord-021959-1y67126b 248 12 brand brand NN cord-021959-1y67126b 248 13 value value NN cord-021959-1y67126b 248 14 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 248 15 Simon Simon NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 248 16 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 248 17 Sullivan Sullivan NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 248 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 248 19 1993 1993 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 248 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 248 21 proposed propose VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 248 22 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 248 23 technique technique NN cord-021959-1y67126b 248 24 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 248 25 estimate estimate VB cord-021959-1y67126b 248 26 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 248 27 firm firm NN cord-021959-1y67126b 248 28 's 's POS cord-021959-1y67126b 248 29 brand brand NN cord-021959-1y67126b 248 30 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 248 31 based base VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 248 32 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 248 33 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 248 34 value value NN cord-021959-1y67126b 248 35 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 249 1 This this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 249 2 was be VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 249 3 done do VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 249 4 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 249 5 estimating estimate VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 249 6 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 249 7 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 249 8 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 249 9 tangible tangible JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 249 10 assets asset NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 249 11 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 249 12 then then RB cord-021959-1y67126b 249 13 subtracting subtract VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 249 14 it -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 249 15 from from IN cord-021959-1y67126b 249 16 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 249 17 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 249 18 capitalization capitalization NN cord-021959-1y67126b 249 19 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 249 20 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 249 21 firm firm NN cord-021959-1y67126b 249 22 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 249 23 obtain obtain VB cord-021959-1y67126b 249 24 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 249 25 value value NN cord-021959-1y67126b 249 26 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 249 27 intangible intangible JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 249 28 assets asset NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 249 29 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 250 1 As as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 250 2 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 250 3 second second JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 250 4 step step NN cord-021959-1y67126b 250 5 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 250 6 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 250 7 researchers researcher NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 250 8 tried try VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 250 9 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 250 10 break break VB cord-021959-1y67126b 250 11 down down RP cord-021959-1y67126b 250 12 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 250 13 intangible intangible JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 250 14 assets asset NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 250 15 into into IN cord-021959-1y67126b 250 16 brand brand NN cord-021959-1y67126b 250 17 value value NN cord-021959-1y67126b 250 18 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 250 19 nonbrand nonbrand NN cord-021959-1y67126b 250 20 value value NN cord-021959-1y67126b 250 21 components component NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 250 22 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 251 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 251 2 authors author NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 251 3 utilized utilize VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 251 4 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 251 5 Aaker Aaker NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 251 6 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 251 7 Jacobson Jacobson NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 251 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 251 9 1994 1994 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 251 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 252 1 EquiTrend EquiTrend NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 252 2 brand brand NN cord-021959-1y67126b 252 3 quality quality NN cord-021959-1y67126b 252 4 measure measure NN cord-021959-1y67126b 252 5 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 252 6 evaluate evaluate VB cord-021959-1y67126b 252 7 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 252 8 quality quality NN cord-021959-1y67126b 252 9 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 252 10 100 100 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 252 11 major major JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 252 12 brands brand NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 252 13 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 253 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 253 2 examined examine VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 253 3 associations association NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 253 4 between between IN cord-021959-1y67126b 253 5 measures measure NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 253 6 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 253 7 brand brand NN cord-021959-1y67126b 253 8 quality quality NN cord-021959-1y67126b 253 9 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 253 10 stock stock NN cord-021959-1y67126b 253 11 returns return NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 253 12 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 253 13 reported report VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 253 14 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 253 15 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 253 16 relationship relationship NN cord-021959-1y67126b 253 17 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 253 18 positive positive JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 253 19 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 254 1 According accord VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 254 2 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 254 3 Murphy Murphy NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 254 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 254 5 1990 1990 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 254 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 254 7 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 254 8 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 254 9 only only JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 254 10 logical logical JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 254 11 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 254 12 consistent consistent JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 254 13 way way NN cord-021959-1y67126b 254 14 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 254 15 develop develop VB cord-021959-1y67126b 254 16 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 254 17 multiple multiple NN cord-021959-1y67126b 254 18 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 254 19 brand brand NN cord-021959-1y67126b 254 20 profit profit NN cord-021959-1y67126b 254 21 was be VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 254 22 through through IN cord-021959-1y67126b 254 23 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 254 24 brand brand NN cord-021959-1y67126b 254 25 strength strength NN cord-021959-1y67126b 254 26 concept concept NN cord-021959-1y67126b 254 27 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 255 1 Brand brand NN cord-021959-1y67126b 255 2 strength strength NN cord-021959-1y67126b 255 3 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 255 4 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 255 5 composite composite NN cord-021959-1y67126b 255 6 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 255 7 six six CD cord-021959-1y67126b 255 8 weighted weighted JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 255 9 factors factor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 255 10 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 255 11 leadership leadership NN cord-021959-1y67126b 255 12 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 255 13 stability stability NN cord-021959-1y67126b 255 14 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 255 15 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 255 16 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 255 17 trend trend NN cord-021959-1y67126b 255 18 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 255 19 support support NN cord-021959-1y67126b 255 20 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 255 21 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 255 22 protection protection NN cord-021959-1y67126b 255 23 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 256 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 256 2 brand brand NN cord-021959-1y67126b 256 3 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 256 4 scored score VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 256 5 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 256 6 each each DT cord-021959-1y67126b 256 7 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 256 8 these these DT cord-021959-1y67126b 256 9 factors factor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 256 10 according accord VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 256 11 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 256 12 different different JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 256 13 weightings weighting NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 256 14 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 256 15 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 256 16 resultant resultant JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 256 17 total total NN cord-021959-1y67126b 256 18 known know VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 256 19 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 256 20 " " `` cord-021959-1y67126b 256 21 brand brand NN cord-021959-1y67126b 256 22 strength strength NN cord-021959-1y67126b 256 23 score score NN cord-021959-1y67126b 256 24 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 256 25 " " '' cord-021959-1y67126b 257 1 A a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 257 2 further further JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 257 3 addition addition NN cord-021959-1y67126b 257 4 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 257 5 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 257 6 brand brand NN cord-021959-1y67126b 257 7 strength strength NN cord-021959-1y67126b 257 8 concept concept NN cord-021959-1y67126b 257 9 came come VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 257 10 from from IN cord-021959-1y67126b 257 11 Prasad Prasad NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 257 12 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 257 13 Dev Dev NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 257 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 257 15 2000 2000 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 257 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 257 17 who who WP cord-021959-1y67126b 257 18 developed develop VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 257 19 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 257 20 hypothetical hypothetical JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 257 21 brand brand NN cord-021959-1y67126b 257 22 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 257 23 index index NN cord-021959-1y67126b 257 24 via via IN cord-021959-1y67126b 257 25 customer customer NN cord-021959-1y67126b 257 26 ratings rating NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 257 27 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 257 28 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 257 29 brand brand NN cord-021959-1y67126b 257 30 using use VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 257 31 five five CD cord-021959-1y67126b 257 32 key key JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 257 33 brand brand NN cord-021959-1y67126b 257 34 attributes attribute NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 257 35 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 257 36 two two CD cord-021959-1y67126b 257 37 sets set NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 257 38 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 257 39 indicators indicator NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 257 40 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 257 41 brand brand NN cord-021959-1y67126b 257 42 performance performance NN cord-021959-1y67126b 257 43 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 257 44 brand brand NN cord-021959-1y67126b 257 45 awareness awareness NN cord-021959-1y67126b 257 46 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 258 1 Brand brand NN cord-021959-1y67126b 258 2 performance performance NN cord-021959-1y67126b 258 3 was be VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 258 4 measured measure VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 258 5 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 258 6 overall overall JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 258 7 satisfaction satisfaction NN cord-021959-1y67126b 258 8 with with IN cord-021959-1y67126b 258 9 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 258 10 product product NN cord-021959-1y67126b 258 11 or or CC cord-021959-1y67126b 258 12 service service NN cord-021959-1y67126b 258 13 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 258 14 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 258 15 intent intent NN cord-021959-1y67126b 258 16 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 258 17 price price NN cord-021959-1y67126b 258 18 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 258 19 value value NN cord-021959-1y67126b 258 20 perception perception NN cord-021959-1y67126b 258 21 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 258 22 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 258 23 brand brand NN cord-021959-1y67126b 258 24 preference preference NN cord-021959-1y67126b 258 25 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 258 26 while while IN cord-021959-1y67126b 258 27 brand brand NN cord-021959-1y67126b 258 28 awareness awareness NN cord-021959-1y67126b 258 29 was be VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 258 30 measured measure VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 258 31 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 258 32 top top JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 258 33 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 258 34 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 258 35 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 258 36 mind mind NN cord-021959-1y67126b 258 37 brand brand NN cord-021959-1y67126b 258 38 recall recall NN cord-021959-1y67126b 258 39 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 259 1 Olsen Olsen NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 259 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 259 3 1996 1996 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 259 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 259 5 proposed propose VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 259 6 brand brand NN cord-021959-1y67126b 259 7 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 259 8 related relate VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 259 9 value value NN cord-021959-1y67126b 259 10 drivers driver NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 259 11 specific specific JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 259 12 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 259 13 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 259 14 lodging lodging NN cord-021959-1y67126b 259 15 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 259 16 such such JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 259 17 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 259 18 brand brand NN cord-021959-1y67126b 259 19 dilution dilution NN cord-021959-1y67126b 259 20 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 259 21 brand brand NN cord-021959-1y67126b 259 22 sincerity sincerity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 259 23 ratio ratio NN cord-021959-1y67126b 259 24 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 260 1 Brand brand NN cord-021959-1y67126b 260 2 dilution dilution NN cord-021959-1y67126b 260 3 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 260 4 related relate VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 260 5 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 260 6 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 260 7 question question NN cord-021959-1y67126b 260 8 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 260 9 how how WRB cord-021959-1y67126b 260 10 many many JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 260 11 new new JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 260 12 corporate corporate JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 260 13 sub sub NN cord-021959-1y67126b 260 14 - - NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 260 15 brands brand NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 260 16 must must MD cord-021959-1y67126b 260 17 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 260 18 introduced introduce VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 260 19 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 260 20 order order NN cord-021959-1y67126b 260 21 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 260 22 maintain maintain VB cord-021959-1y67126b 260 23 growth growth NN cord-021959-1y67126b 260 24 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 260 25 whereas whereas RB cord-021959-1y67126b 260 26 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 260 27 brand brand NN cord-021959-1y67126b 260 28 duration duration NN cord-021959-1y67126b 260 29 deals deal NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 260 30 with with IN cord-021959-1y67126b 260 31 what what WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 260 32 percentage percentage NN cord-021959-1y67126b 260 33 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 260 34 hotels hotel NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 260 35 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 260 36 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 260 37 portfolio portfolio NN cord-021959-1y67126b 260 38 currently currently RB cord-021959-1y67126b 260 39 meet meet VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 260 40 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 260 41 brand brand NN cord-021959-1y67126b 260 42 standards standard NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 260 43 or or CC cord-021959-1y67126b 260 44 promise promise NN cord-021959-1y67126b 260 45 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 261 1 As as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 261 2 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 261 3 result result NN cord-021959-1y67126b 261 4 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 261 5 it -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 261 6 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 261 7 argued argue VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 261 8 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 261 9 hospitality hospitality NN cord-021959-1y67126b 261 10 companies company NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 261 11 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 261 12 possess possess VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 261 13 higher high JJR cord-021959-1y67126b 261 14 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 261 15 brand brand NN cord-021959-1y67126b 261 16 strength strength NN cord-021959-1y67126b 261 17 will will MD cord-021959-1y67126b 261 18 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 261 19 able able JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 261 20 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 261 21 achieve achieve VB cord-021959-1y67126b 261 22 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 261 23 lower low JJR cord-021959-1y67126b 261 24 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 261 25 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 261 26 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 261 27 capital capital NN cord-021959-1y67126b 261 28 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 262 1 According accord VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 262 2 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 262 3 Connolly Connolly NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 262 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 262 5 1999 1999 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 262 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 262 7 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 262 8 one one CD cord-021959-1y67126b 262 9 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 262 10 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 262 11 greatest great JJS cord-021959-1y67126b 262 12 issues issue NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 262 13 plaguing plague VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 262 14 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 262 15 advancement advancement NN cord-021959-1y67126b 262 16 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 262 17 technology technology NN cord-021959-1y67126b 262 18 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 262 19 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 262 20 hospitality hospitality NN cord-021959-1y67126b 262 21 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 262 22 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 262 23 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 262 24 difficulty difficulty NN cord-021959-1y67126b 262 25 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 262 26 calculating calculate VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 262 27 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 262 28 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 262 29 investment investment NN cord-021959-1y67126b 262 30 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 263 1 Until until IN cord-021959-1y67126b 263 2 recently recently RB cord-021959-1y67126b 263 3 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 263 4 most most JJS cord-021959-1y67126b 263 5 technology technology NN cord-021959-1y67126b 263 6 investment investment NN cord-021959-1y67126b 263 7 decisions decision NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 263 8 have have VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 263 9 been be VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 263 10 considered consider VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 263 11 using use VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 263 12 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 263 13 support support NN cord-021959-1y67126b 263 14 or or CC cord-021959-1y67126b 263 15 utility utility NN cord-021959-1y67126b 263 16 mentality mentality NN cord-021959-1y67126b 263 17 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 263 18 stems stem VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 263 19 from from IN cord-021959-1y67126b 263 20 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 263 21 manufacturing manufacturing NN cord-021959-1y67126b 263 22 paradigm paradigm NN cord-021959-1y67126b 263 23 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 264 1 Current current JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 264 2 policies policy NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 264 3 rely rely VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 264 4 more more RBR cord-021959-1y67126b 264 5 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 264 6 faith faith NN cord-021959-1y67126b 264 7 than than IN cord-021959-1y67126b 264 8 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 264 9 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 264 10 rational rational JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 264 11 business business NN cord-021959-1y67126b 264 12 assessment assessment NN cord-021959-1y67126b 264 13 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 265 1 As as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 265 2 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 265 3 result result NN cord-021959-1y67126b 265 4 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 265 5 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 265 6 hotel hotel NN cord-021959-1y67126b 265 7 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 265 8 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 265 9 perceived perceive VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 265 10 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 265 11 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 265 12 lagging lag VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 265 13 behind behind IN cord-021959-1y67126b 265 14 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 265 15 rival rival JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 265 16 industries industry NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 265 17 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 265 18 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 265 19 use use NN cord-021959-1y67126b 265 20 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 265 21 technology technology NN cord-021959-1y67126b 265 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 265 23 Sangster Sangster NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 265 24 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 265 25 2001 2001 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 265 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 265 27 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 266 1 In in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 266 2 part part NN cord-021959-1y67126b 266 3 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 266 4 this this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 266 5 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 266 6 attributed attribute VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 266 7 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 266 8 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 266 9 fragmented fragmented JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 266 10 nature nature NN cord-021959-1y67126b 266 11 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 266 12 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 266 13 hotel hotel NN cord-021959-1y67126b 266 14 business business NN cord-021959-1y67126b 266 15 itself -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 266 16 ; ; : cord-021959-1y67126b 266 17 however however RB cord-021959-1y67126b 266 18 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 266 19 it -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 266 20 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 266 21 also also RB cord-021959-1y67126b 266 22 believed believe VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 266 23 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 266 24 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 266 25 closely closely RB cord-021959-1y67126b 266 26 related relate VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 266 27 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 266 28 hoteliers hotelier NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 266 29 ' ' POS cord-021959-1y67126b 266 30 lack lack NN cord-021959-1y67126b 266 31 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 266 32 experience experience NN cord-021959-1y67126b 266 33 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 266 34 understanding understanding NN cord-021959-1y67126b 266 35 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 266 36 technology technology NN cord-021959-1y67126b 266 37 investments investment NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 266 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 266 39 Sangster Sangster NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 266 40 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 266 41 2001 2001 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 266 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 266 43 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 267 1 Connolly Connolly NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 267 2 further further RB cord-021959-1y67126b 267 3 argued argue VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 267 4 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 267 5 " " `` cord-021959-1y67126b 267 6 Today today NN cord-021959-1y67126b 267 7 's 's POS cord-021959-1y67126b 267 8 financial financial JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 267 9 models model NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 267 10 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 267 11 inadequate inadequate JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 267 12 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 267 13 estimating estimate VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 267 14 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 267 15 financial financial JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 267 16 benefits benefit NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 267 17 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 267 18 most most JJS cord-021959-1y67126b 267 19 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 267 20 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 267 21 technology technology NN cord-021959-1y67126b 267 22 projects project NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 267 23 under under IN cord-021959-1y67126b 267 24 consideration consideration NN cord-021959-1y67126b 267 25 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 268 1 While while IN cord-021959-1y67126b 268 2 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 268 3 hospitality hospitality NN cord-021959-1y67126b 268 4 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 268 5 has have VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 268 6 disciplined discipline VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 268 7 models model NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 268 8 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 268 9 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 268 10 history history NN cord-021959-1y67126b 268 11 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 268 12 determine determine VB cord-021959-1y67126b 268 13 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 268 14 financial financial JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 268 15 gains gain NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 268 16 or or CC cord-021959-1y67126b 268 17 success success NN cord-021959-1y67126b 268 18 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 268 19 opening open VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 268 20 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 268 21 new new JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 268 22 property property NN cord-021959-1y67126b 268 23 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 268 24 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 268 25 given give VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 268 26 city city NN cord-021959-1y67126b 268 27 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 268 28 it -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 268 29 lacks lack VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 268 30 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 268 31 same same JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 268 32 rigorous rigorous JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 268 33 models model NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 268 34 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 268 35 historical historical JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 268 36 data datum NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 268 37 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 268 38 technology technology NN cord-021959-1y67126b 268 39 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 268 40 especially especially RB cord-021959-1y67126b 268 41 since since IN cord-021959-1y67126b 268 42 each each DT cord-021959-1y67126b 268 43 technology technology NN cord-021959-1y67126b 268 44 projects project NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 268 45 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 268 46 unique unique JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 268 47 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 269 1 Although although IN cord-021959-1y67126b 269 2 this this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 269 3 problem problem NN cord-021959-1y67126b 269 4 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 269 5 not not RB cord-021959-1y67126b 269 6 specific specific JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 269 7 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 269 8 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 269 9 hospitality hospitality NN cord-021959-1y67126b 269 10 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 269 11 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 269 12 it -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 269 13 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 269 14 particularly particularly RB cord-021959-1y67126b 269 15 problematic problematic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 269 16 since since IN cord-021959-1y67126b 269 17 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 269 18 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 269 19 tends tend VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 269 20 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 269 21 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 269 22 technologically technologically RB cord-021959-1y67126b 269 23 conservative conservative JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 269 24 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 269 25 unwilling unwilling JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 269 26 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 269 27 adopt adopt VB cord-021959-1y67126b 269 28 new new JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 269 29 technology technology NN cord-021959-1y67126b 269 30 applications application NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 269 31 based base VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 269 32 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 269 33 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 269 34 promises promise NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 269 35 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 269 36 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 269 37 long long JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 269 38 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 269 39 term term NN cord-021959-1y67126b 269 40 merits merit NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 269 41 especially especially RB cord-021959-1y67126b 269 42 if if IN cord-021959-1y67126b 269 43 it -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 269 44 can can MD cord-021959-1y67126b 269 45 not not RB cord-021959-1y67126b 269 46 quantify quantify VB cord-021959-1y67126b 269 47 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 269 48 results result NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 269 49 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 269 50 calculate calculate VB cord-021959-1y67126b 269 51 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 269 52 defined define VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 269 53 payback payback NN cord-021959-1y67126b 269 54 period period NN cord-021959-1y67126b 269 55 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 270 1 When when WRB cord-021959-1y67126b 270 2 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-021959-1y67126b 270 3 surrounds surround VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 270 4 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 270 5 investment investment NN cord-021959-1y67126b 270 6 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 270 7 when when WRB cord-021959-1y67126b 270 8 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 270 9 timing timing NN cord-021959-1y67126b 270 10 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 270 11 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 270 12 cash cash NN cord-021959-1y67126b 270 13 flows flow NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 270 14 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 270 15 unpredictable unpredictable JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 270 16 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 270 17 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 270 18 when when WRB cord-021959-1y67126b 270 19 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 270 20 investment investment NN cord-021959-1y67126b 270 21 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 270 22 perceived perceive VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 270 23 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 270 24 risky risky JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 270 25 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 270 26 owners owner NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 270 27 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 270 28 investors investor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 270 29 will will MD cord-021959-1y67126b 270 30 most most RBS cord-021959-1y67126b 270 31 likely likely RB cord-021959-1y67126b 270 32 channel channel VB cord-021959-1y67126b 270 33 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 270 34 investment investment NN cord-021959-1y67126b 270 35 capital capital NN cord-021959-1y67126b 270 36 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 270 37 projects project NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 270 38 with with IN cord-021959-1y67126b 270 39 more more RBR cord-021959-1y67126b 270 40 certain certain JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 270 41 returns return NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 270 42 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 270 43 minimal minimal JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 270 44 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 270 45 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 271 1 Thus thus RB cord-021959-1y67126b 271 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 271 3 under under IN cord-021959-1y67126b 271 4 this this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 271 5 thinking thinking NN cord-021959-1y67126b 271 6 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 271 7 technology technology NN cord-021959-1y67126b 271 8 will will MD cord-021959-1y67126b 271 9 always always RB cord-021959-1y67126b 271 10 take take VB cord-021959-1y67126b 271 11 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 271 12 back back JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 271 13 seat seat NN cord-021959-1y67126b 271 14 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 271 15 other other JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 271 16 organizational organizational JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 271 17 priorities priority NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 271 18 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 271 19 initiatives initiative NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 271 20 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 272 1 Efforts effort NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 272 2 must must MD cord-021959-1y67126b 272 3 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 272 4 made make VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 272 5 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 272 6 change change VB cord-021959-1y67126b 272 7 this this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 272 8 thinking thinking NN cord-021959-1y67126b 272 9 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 272 10 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 272 11 develop develop VB cord-021959-1y67126b 272 12 financial financial JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 272 13 models model NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 272 14 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 272 15 can can MD cord-021959-1y67126b 272 16 accurately accurately RB cord-021959-1y67126b 272 17 predict predict VB cord-021959-1y67126b 272 18 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 272 19 capture capture VB cord-021959-1y67126b 272 20 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 272 21 financial financial JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 272 22 benefits benefit NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 272 23 derived derive VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 272 24 from from IN cord-021959-1y67126b 272 25 technology technology NN cord-021959-1y67126b 272 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 272 27 Connolly Connolly NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 272 28 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 272 29 1999 1999 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 272 30 ; ; : cord-021959-1y67126b 272 31 p. p. NN cord-021959-1y67126b 272 32 iii iii NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 272 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 272 34 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 273 1 " " `` cord-021959-1y67126b 273 2 Although although IN cord-021959-1y67126b 273 3 there there EX cord-021959-1y67126b 273 4 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 273 5 no no RB cord-021959-1y67126b 273 6 hard hard JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 273 7 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 273 8 fast fast JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 273 9 rules rule NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 273 10 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 273 11 facilitate facilitate VB cord-021959-1y67126b 273 12 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 273 13 valuations valuation NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 273 14 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 273 15 technology technology NN cord-021959-1y67126b 273 16 investments investment NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 273 17 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 273 18 it -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 273 19 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 273 20 common common JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 273 21 knowledge knowledge NN cord-021959-1y67126b 273 22 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 273 23 technology technology NN cord-021959-1y67126b 273 24 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 273 25 transforming transform VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 273 26 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 273 27 way way NN cord-021959-1y67126b 273 28 business business NN cord-021959-1y67126b 273 29 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 273 30 conducted conduct VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 273 31 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 273 32 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 273 33 lodging lodging NN cord-021959-1y67126b 273 34 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 273 35 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 274 1 Particularly particularly RB cord-021959-1y67126b 274 2 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 274 3 surge surge NN cord-021959-1y67126b 274 4 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 274 5 Internet internet NN cord-021959-1y67126b 274 6 usage usage NN cord-021959-1y67126b 274 7 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 274 8 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 274 9 early early JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 274 10 years year NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 274 11 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 274 12 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 274 13 new new JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 274 14 millennium millennium NN cord-021959-1y67126b 274 15 brought bring VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 274 16 about about RP cord-021959-1y67126b 274 17 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 274 18 issue issue NN cord-021959-1y67126b 274 19 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 274 20 capacity capacity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 274 21 control control NN cord-021959-1y67126b 274 22 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 274 23 hotel hotel NN cord-021959-1y67126b 274 24 room room NN cord-021959-1y67126b 274 25 inventory inventory NN cord-021959-1y67126b 274 26 holders holder NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 274 27 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 275 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-021959-1y67126b 275 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 275 3 firms firm NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 275 4 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 275 5 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 275 6 more more RBR cord-021959-1y67126b 275 7 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 275 8 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 275 9 utilize utilize VB cord-021959-1y67126b 275 10 technology technology NN cord-021959-1y67126b 275 11 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 275 12 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 275 13 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 275 14 sell sell VB cord-021959-1y67126b 275 15 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 275 16 perishable perishable JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 275 17 product product NN cord-021959-1y67126b 275 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 275 19 hotel hotel NN cord-021959-1y67126b 275 20 rooms room NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 275 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 275 22 may may MD cord-021959-1y67126b 275 23 accomplish accomplish VB cord-021959-1y67126b 275 24 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 275 25 lower low JJR cord-021959-1y67126b 275 26 variation variation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 275 27 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 275 28 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 275 29 future future JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 275 30 cash cash NN cord-021959-1y67126b 275 31 flows flow NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 275 32 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 275 33 since since IN cord-021959-1y67126b 275 34 they -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 275 35 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 275 36 able able JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 275 37 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 275 38 retain retain VB cord-021959-1y67126b 275 39 greater great JJR cord-021959-1y67126b 275 40 control control NN cord-021959-1y67126b 275 41 over over IN cord-021959-1y67126b 275 42 pricing pricing NN cord-021959-1y67126b 275 43 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 276 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 276 2 author author NN cord-021959-1y67126b 276 3 would would MD cord-021959-1y67126b 276 4 like like VB cord-021959-1y67126b 276 5 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 276 6 acknowledge acknowledge VB cord-021959-1y67126b 276 7 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 276 8 fact fact NN cord-021959-1y67126b 276 9 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 276 10 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 276 11 body body NN cord-021959-1y67126b 276 12 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 276 13 literature literature NN cord-021959-1y67126b 276 14 does do VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 276 15 not not RB cord-021959-1y67126b 276 16 offer offer VB cord-021959-1y67126b 276 17 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 276 18 direct direct JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 276 19 causal causal JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 276 20 relationship relationship NN cord-021959-1y67126b 276 21 between between IN cord-021959-1y67126b 276 22 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 276 23 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 276 24 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 276 25 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 276 26 capital capital NN cord-021959-1y67126b 276 27 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 276 28 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 276 29 technology technology NN cord-021959-1y67126b 276 30 utilization utilization NN cord-021959-1y67126b 276 31 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 277 1 However however RB cord-021959-1y67126b 277 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 277 3 based base VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 277 4 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 277 5 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 277 6 arguments argument NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 277 7 discussed discuss VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 277 8 above above RB cord-021959-1y67126b 277 9 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 277 10 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 277 11 author author NN cord-021959-1y67126b 277 12 contends contend VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 277 13 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 277 14 firms firm NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 277 15 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 277 16 invest invest VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 277 17 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 277 18 technology technology NN cord-021959-1y67126b 277 19 wisely wisely RB cord-021959-1y67126b 277 20 may may MD cord-021959-1y67126b 277 21 achieve achieve VB cord-021959-1y67126b 277 22 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 277 23 higher high JJR cord-021959-1y67126b 277 24 average average JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 277 25 daily daily JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 277 26 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 277 27 or or CC cord-021959-1y67126b 277 28 REVPAR revpar NN cord-021959-1y67126b 277 29 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 277 30 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 277 31 properties property NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 277 32 which which WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 277 33 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 277 34 turn turn NN cord-021959-1y67126b 277 35 will will MD cord-021959-1y67126b 277 36 lead lead VB cord-021959-1y67126b 277 37 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 277 38 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 277 39 decrease decrease NN cord-021959-1y67126b 277 40 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 277 41 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 277 42 variance variance NN cord-021959-1y67126b 277 43 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 277 44 firm firm NN cord-021959-1y67126b 277 45 's 's POS cord-021959-1y67126b 277 46 cash cash NN cord-021959-1y67126b 277 47 flows flow NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 277 48 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 278 1 Thus thus RB cord-021959-1y67126b 278 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 278 3 better well JJR cord-021959-1y67126b 278 4 utilization utilization NN cord-021959-1y67126b 278 5 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 278 6 information information NN cord-021959-1y67126b 278 7 technology technology NN cord-021959-1y67126b 278 8 can can MD cord-021959-1y67126b 278 9 possibly possibly RB cord-021959-1y67126b 278 10 reduce reduce VB cord-021959-1y67126b 278 11 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 278 12 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-021959-1y67126b 278 13 surrounding surround VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 278 14 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 278 15 future future JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 278 16 earnings earning NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 278 17 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 278 18 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 278 19 firm firm NN cord-021959-1y67126b 278 20 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 279 1 As as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 279 2 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 279 3 result result NN cord-021959-1y67126b 279 4 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 279 5 capital capital NN cord-021959-1y67126b 279 6 markets market NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 279 7 will will MD cord-021959-1y67126b 279 8 assign assign VB cord-021959-1y67126b 279 9 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 279 10 lower low JJR cord-021959-1y67126b 279 11 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 279 12 premium premium NN cord-021959-1y67126b 279 13 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 279 14 hospitality hospitality NN cord-021959-1y67126b 279 15 firms firm NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 279 16 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 279 17 successfully successfully RB cord-021959-1y67126b 279 18 utilize utilize VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 279 19 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 279 20 deploy deploy VB cord-021959-1y67126b 279 21 technology technology NN cord-021959-1y67126b 279 22 into into IN cord-021959-1y67126b 279 23 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 279 24 operations operation NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 279 25 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 280 1 Guest guest NN cord-021959-1y67126b 280 2 safety safety NN cord-021959-1y67126b 280 3 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 280 4 security security NN cord-021959-1y67126b 280 5 topics topic NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 280 6 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 280 7 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 280 8 lodging lodging NN cord-021959-1y67126b 280 9 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 280 10 can can MD cord-021959-1y67126b 280 11 vary vary VB cord-021959-1y67126b 280 12 from from IN cord-021959-1y67126b 280 13 building build VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 280 14 safety safety NN cord-021959-1y67126b 280 15 codes code NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 280 16 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 280 17 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 280 18 contamination contamination NN cord-021959-1y67126b 280 19 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 280 20 hotel hotel NN cord-021959-1y67126b 280 21 whirlpools whirlpool NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 280 22 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 280 23 restaurant restaurant NN cord-021959-1y67126b 280 24 food food NN cord-021959-1y67126b 280 25 safety safety NN cord-021959-1y67126b 280 26 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 280 27 hotel hotel NN cord-021959-1y67126b 280 28 crime crime NN cord-021959-1y67126b 280 29 statistics statistic NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 280 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 280 31 Olsen Olsen NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 280 32 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 280 33 Merna Merna NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 280 34 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 280 35 1991 1991 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 280 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 280 37 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 281 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 281 2 need need NN cord-021959-1y67126b 281 3 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 281 4 greater great JJR cord-021959-1y67126b 281 5 commitment commitment NN cord-021959-1y67126b 281 6 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 281 7 safety safety NN cord-021959-1y67126b 281 8 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 281 9 security security NN cord-021959-1y67126b 281 10 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 281 11 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 281 12 hospitality hospitality NN cord-021959-1y67126b 281 13 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 281 14 became become VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 281 15 evident evident JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 281 16 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 281 17 1990 1990 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 281 18 after after IN cord-021959-1y67126b 281 19 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 281 20 San San NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 281 21 Francisco Francisco NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 281 22 earthquake earthquake NN cord-021959-1y67126b 281 23 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 281 24 Hurricane Hurricane NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 281 25 Hugo Hugo NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 281 26 occurred occur VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 281 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 281 28 Olsen Olsen NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 281 29 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 281 30 Merna Merna NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 281 31 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 281 32 1991 1991 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 281 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 281 34 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 282 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 282 2 culmination culmination NN cord-021959-1y67126b 282 3 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 282 4 these these DT cord-021959-1y67126b 282 5 events event NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 282 6 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 282 7 all all PDT cord-021959-1y67126b 282 8 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 282 9 other other JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 282 10 events event NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 282 11 sparked spark VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 282 12 an an DT cord-021959-1y67126b 282 13 effort effort NN cord-021959-1y67126b 282 14 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 282 15 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 282 16 hotel hotel NN cord-021959-1y67126b 282 17 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 282 18 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 282 19 manage manage VB cord-021959-1y67126b 282 20 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 282 21 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 282 22 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 282 23 liability liability NN cord-021959-1y67126b 282 24 related relate VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 282 25 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 282 26 guest guest NN cord-021959-1y67126b 282 27 safety safety NN cord-021959-1y67126b 282 28 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 282 29 security security NN cord-021959-1y67126b 282 30 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 283 1 Ray Ray NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 283 2 Ellis Ellis NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 283 3 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 283 4 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 283 5 director director NN cord-021959-1y67126b 283 6 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 283 7 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 283 8 management management NN cord-021959-1y67126b 283 9 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 283 10 operations operation NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 283 11 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 283 12 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 283 13 American American NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 283 14 Hotel Hotel NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 283 15 & & CC cord-021959-1y67126b 283 16 Motel Motel NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 283 17 Association Association NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 283 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 283 19 at at IN cord-021959-1y67126b 283 20 that that DT cord-021959-1y67126b 283 21 time time NN cord-021959-1y67126b 283 22 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 283 23 1991 1991 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 283 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 283 25 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 283 26 contended contend VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 283 27 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 283 28 after after IN cord-021959-1y67126b 283 29 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 283 30 end end NN cord-021959-1y67126b 283 31 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 283 32 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 283 33 Gulf Gulf NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 283 34 War War NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 283 35 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 283 36 benefits benefit NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 283 37 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 283 38 increased increase VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 283 39 security security NN cord-021959-1y67126b 283 40 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 283 41 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 283 42 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 283 43 go go VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 283 44 far far RB cord-021959-1y67126b 283 45 beyond beyond IN cord-021959-1y67126b 283 46 intangibles intangible NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 283 47 such such JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 283 48 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 283 49 peace peace NN cord-021959-1y67126b 283 50 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 283 51 mind mind NN cord-021959-1y67126b 283 52 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 283 53 Jesitus Jesitus NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 283 54 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 283 55 1991 1991 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 283 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 283 57 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 284 1 Ellis Ellis NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 284 2 stressed stress VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 284 3 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 284 4 improved improve VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 284 5 safety safety NN cord-021959-1y67126b 284 6 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 284 7 security security NN cord-021959-1y67126b 284 8 will will MD cord-021959-1y67126b 284 9 significantly significantly RB cord-021959-1y67126b 284 10 decrease decrease VB cord-021959-1y67126b 284 11 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 284 12 insurance insurance NN cord-021959-1y67126b 284 13 premiums premium NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 284 14 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 284 15 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 284 16 properties property NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 284 17 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 284 18 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 284 19 thus thus RB cord-021959-1y67126b 284 20 enable enable VB cord-021959-1y67126b 284 21 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 284 22 companies company NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 284 23 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 284 24 have have VB cord-021959-1y67126b 284 25 more more JJR cord-021959-1y67126b 284 26 resources resource NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 284 27 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 284 28 invest invest VB cord-021959-1y67126b 284 29 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 284 30 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 284 31 operations operation NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 284 32 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 285 1 Although although IN cord-021959-1y67126b 285 2 Ellis Ellis NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 285 3 said say VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 285 4 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 285 5 chances chance NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 285 6 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 285 7 terrorist terrorist JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 285 8 attacks attack NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 285 9 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 285 10 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 285 11 United United NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 285 12 States States NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 285 13 post post NN cord-021959-1y67126b 285 14 Gulf Gulf NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 285 15 War War NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 285 16 were be VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 285 17 fairly fairly RB cord-021959-1y67126b 285 18 remote remote JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 285 19 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 285 20 he -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 285 21 warned warn VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 285 22 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 285 23 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 285 24 hotels hotel NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 285 25 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 285 26 particularly particularly RB cord-021959-1y67126b 285 27 those those DT cord-021959-1y67126b 285 28 serving serve VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 285 29 international international JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 285 30 markets market NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 285 31 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 285 32 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 285 33 most most RBS cord-021959-1y67126b 285 34 wary wary JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 285 35 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 285 36 arson arson NN cord-021959-1y67126b 285 37 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 285 38 bomb bomb NN cord-021959-1y67126b 285 39 threats threat NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 285 40 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 286 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 286 2 International International NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 286 3 Hotel Hotel NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 286 4 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 286 5 Restaurant Restaurant NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 286 6 Association Association NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 286 7 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 286 8 1995 1995 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 286 9 identified identify VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 286 10 safety safety NN cord-021959-1y67126b 286 11 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 286 12 security security NN cord-021959-1y67126b 286 13 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 286 14 one one CD cord-021959-1y67126b 286 15 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 286 16 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 286 17 major major JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 286 18 forces force NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 286 19 driving drive VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 286 20 change change NN cord-021959-1y67126b 286 21 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 286 22 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 286 23 global global JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 286 24 hospitality hospitality NN cord-021959-1y67126b 286 25 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 286 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 286 27 Olsen Olsen NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 286 28 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 286 29 1995 1995 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 286 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 286 31 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 287 1 With with IN cord-021959-1y67126b 287 2 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 287 3 destruction destruction NN cord-021959-1y67126b 287 4 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 287 5 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 287 6 World World NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 287 7 Trade Trade NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 287 8 Center Center NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 287 9 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 287 10 2001 2001 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 287 11 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 287 12 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 287 13 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 287 14 terrorist terrorist JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 287 15 attacks attack NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 287 16 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 287 17 Bali Bali NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 287 18 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 287 19 Kenya Kenya NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 287 20 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 287 21 it -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 287 22 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 287 23 clear clear JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 287 24 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 287 25 force force NN cord-021959-1y67126b 287 26 has have VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 287 27 emerged emerge VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 287 28 now now RB cord-021959-1y67126b 287 29 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 287 30 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 287 31 major major JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 287 32 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 287 33 factor factor NN cord-021959-1y67126b 287 34 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 287 35 all all DT cord-021959-1y67126b 287 36 tourismrelated tourismrelate VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 287 37 enterprises enterprise NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 287 38 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 288 1 In in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 288 2 February February NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 288 3 2003 2003 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 288 4 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 288 5 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 288 6 Federal Federal NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 288 7 Bureau Bureau NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 288 8 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 288 9 Investigation Investigation NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 288 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 288 11 FBI FBI NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 288 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 288 13 alerted alert VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 288 14 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 288 15 law law NN cord-021959-1y67126b 288 16 enforcement enforcement NN cord-021959-1y67126b 288 17 partners partner NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 288 18 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 288 19 " " `` cord-021959-1y67126b 288 20 soft soft JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 288 21 targets target NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 288 22 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 288 23 " " '' cord-021959-1y67126b 288 24 such such JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 288 25 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 288 26 hotels hotel NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 288 27 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 288 28 can can MD cord-021959-1y67126b 288 29 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 288 30 subject subject JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 288 31 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 288 32 terrorist terrorist JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 288 33 attacks attack NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 289 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 289 2 Arena Arena NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 289 3 et et NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 289 4 al al NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 289 5 . . NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 289 6 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 289 7 2003 2003 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 289 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 289 9 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 290 1 This this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 290 2 report report NN cord-021959-1y67126b 290 3 simply simply RB cord-021959-1y67126b 290 4 reaffirms reaffirm VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 290 5 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 290 6 argument argument NN cord-021959-1y67126b 290 7 proposed propose VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 290 8 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 290 9 Olsen Olsen NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 290 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 290 11 1995 1995 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 290 12 Olsen Olsen NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 290 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 290 14 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 290 15 2000 2000 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 290 16 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 290 17 lodging lodging NN cord-021959-1y67126b 290 18 properties property NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 290 19 which which WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 290 20 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 290 21 situated situate VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 290 22 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 290 23 an an DT cord-021959-1y67126b 290 24 area area NN cord-021959-1y67126b 290 25 exposed expose VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 290 26 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 290 27 terrorist terrorist JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 290 28 attacks attack NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 290 29 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 290 30 should should MD cord-021959-1y67126b 290 31 factor factor VB cord-021959-1y67126b 290 32 that that DT cord-021959-1y67126b 290 33 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 290 34 into into IN cord-021959-1y67126b 290 35 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 290 36 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 290 37 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 290 38 capital capital NN cord-021959-1y67126b 290 39 estimates estimate NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 290 40 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 291 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-021959-1y67126b 291 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 291 3 lodging lodge VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 291 4 property property NN cord-021959-1y67126b 291 5 executives executive NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 291 6 should should MD cord-021959-1y67126b 291 7 apply apply VB cord-021959-1y67126b 291 8 this this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 291 9 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 291 10 factor factor NN cord-021959-1y67126b 291 11 into into IN cord-021959-1y67126b 291 12 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 291 13 future future JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 291 14 capital capital NN cord-021959-1y67126b 291 15 investment investment NN cord-021959-1y67126b 291 16 decisions decision NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 291 17 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 292 1 In in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 292 2 addition addition NN cord-021959-1y67126b 292 3 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 292 4 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 292 5 related relate VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 292 6 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 292 7 food food NN cord-021959-1y67126b 292 8 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 292 9 borne bear VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 292 10 diseases disease NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 292 11 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 292 12 infectious infectious JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 292 13 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 292 14 occurrences occurrence NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 292 15 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 292 16 cruise cruise NN cord-021959-1y67126b 292 17 ships ship NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 292 18 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 292 19 increased increase VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 292 20 crime crime NN cord-021959-1y67126b 292 21 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 292 22 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 292 23 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 292 24 growing grow VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 292 25 threats threat NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 292 26 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 292 27 human human JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 292 28 immunodeficiency immunodeficiency NN cord-021959-1y67126b 292 29 virus virus NN cord-021959-1y67126b 292 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 292 31 HIV HIV NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 292 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 292 33 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 292 34 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 292 35 other other JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 292 36 viral viral JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 292 37 infections infection NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 292 38 such such JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 292 39 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 292 40 severe severe JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 292 41 acute acute JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 292 42 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 292 43 syndrome syndrome NN cord-021959-1y67126b 292 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 292 45 SARS SARS NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 292 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 292 47 have have VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 292 48 created create VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 292 49 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 292 50 significant significant JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 292 51 challenge challenge NN cord-021959-1y67126b 292 52 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 292 53 hospitality hospitality NN cord-021959-1y67126b 292 54 managers manager NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 292 55 worldwide worldwide RB cord-021959-1y67126b 292 56 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 293 1 These these DT cord-021959-1y67126b 293 2 must must MD cord-021959-1y67126b 293 3 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 293 4 considered consider VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 293 5 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 293 6 important important JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 293 7 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 293 8 variables variable NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 293 9 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 293 10 will will MD cord-021959-1y67126b 293 11 no no RB cord-021959-1y67126b 293 12 doubt doubt RB cord-021959-1y67126b 293 13 have have VB cord-021959-1y67126b 293 14 an an DT cord-021959-1y67126b 293 15 impact impact NN cord-021959-1y67126b 293 16 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 293 17 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 293 18 estimates estimate NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 293 19 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 293 20 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 293 21 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 293 22 capital capital NN cord-021959-1y67126b 293 23 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 294 1 Although although IN cord-021959-1y67126b 294 2 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 294 3 factors factor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 294 4 mentioned mention VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 294 5 above above RB cord-021959-1y67126b 294 6 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 294 7 critical critical JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 294 8 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 294 9 estimating estimate VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 294 10 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 294 11 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 294 12 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 294 13 capital capital NN cord-021959-1y67126b 294 14 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 294 15 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 294 16 given give VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 294 17 project project NN cord-021959-1y67126b 294 18 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 294 19 there there EX cord-021959-1y67126b 294 20 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 294 21 no no DT cord-021959-1y67126b 294 22 methods method NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 294 23 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 294 24 can can MD cord-021959-1y67126b 294 25 quantify quantify VB cord-021959-1y67126b 294 26 these these DT cord-021959-1y67126b 294 27 factors factor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 294 28 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 294 29 apply apply VB cord-021959-1y67126b 294 30 them -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 294 31 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 294 32 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 294 33 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 294 34 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 294 35 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 294 36 models model NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 294 37 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 295 1 However however RB cord-021959-1y67126b 295 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 295 3 executives executive NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 295 4 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 295 5 advised advise VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 295 6 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 295 7 consider consider VB cord-021959-1y67126b 295 8 these these DT cord-021959-1y67126b 295 9 industryspecific industryspecific JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 295 10 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 295 11 factors factor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 295 12 before before IN cord-021959-1y67126b 295 13 making make VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 295 14 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 295 15 capital capital NN cord-021959-1y67126b 295 16 investment investment NN cord-021959-1y67126b 295 17 decision decision NN cord-021959-1y67126b 295 18 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 296 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 296 2 models model NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 296 3 covered cover VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 296 4 thus thus RB cord-021959-1y67126b 296 5 far far RB cord-021959-1y67126b 296 6 do do VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 296 7 not not RB cord-021959-1y67126b 296 8 provide provide VB cord-021959-1y67126b 296 9 any any DT cord-021959-1y67126b 296 10 guidance guidance NN cord-021959-1y67126b 296 11 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 296 12 estimating estimate VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 296 13 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 296 14 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 296 15 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 296 16 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 296 17 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 296 18 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 296 19 global global JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 296 20 setting setting NN cord-021959-1y67126b 296 21 or or CC cord-021959-1y67126b 296 22 multinational multinational JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 296 23 projects project NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 296 24 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 297 1 In in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 297 2 order order NN cord-021959-1y67126b 297 3 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 297 4 fill fill VB cord-021959-1y67126b 297 5 this this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 297 6 void void NN cord-021959-1y67126b 297 7 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 297 8 academics academic NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 297 9 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 297 10 practitioners practitioner NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 297 11 developed develop VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 297 12 adjustment adjustment NN cord-021959-1y67126b 297 13 models model NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 297 14 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 297 15 account account VB cord-021959-1y67126b 297 16 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 297 17 differences difference NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 297 18 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 297 19 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 297 20 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 297 21 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 297 22 among among IN cord-021959-1y67126b 297 23 markets market NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 297 24 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 297 25 developing develop VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 297 26 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 297 27 emerging emerge VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 297 28 countries country NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 297 29 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 298 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 298 2 adjustment adjustment NN cord-021959-1y67126b 298 3 models model NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 298 4 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 298 5 primarily primarily RB cord-021959-1y67126b 298 6 concerned concern VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 298 7 with with IN cord-021959-1y67126b 298 8 whether whether IN cord-021959-1y67126b 298 9 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 298 10 emerging emerge VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 298 11 markets market NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 298 12 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 298 13 segmented segment VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 298 14 or or CC cord-021959-1y67126b 298 15 integrated integrate VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 298 16 with with IN cord-021959-1y67126b 298 17 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 298 18 world world NN cord-021959-1y67126b 298 19 markets market NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 298 20 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 299 1 That that RB cord-021959-1y67126b 299 2 is is RB cord-021959-1y67126b 299 3 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 299 4 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 299 5 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 299 6 completely completely RB cord-021959-1y67126b 299 7 segmented segmented JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 299 8 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 299 9 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 299 10 assets asset NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 299 11 will will MD cord-021959-1y67126b 299 12 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 299 13 priced price VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 299 14 based base VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 299 15 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 299 16 local local JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 299 17 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 299 18 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 299 19 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 300 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 300 2 local local JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 300 3 expected expect VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 300 4 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 300 5 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 300 6 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 300 7 product product NN cord-021959-1y67126b 300 8 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 300 9 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 300 10 local local JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 300 11 β β NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 300 12 times times NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 300 13 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 300 14 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 300 15 local local JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 300 16 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 300 17 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 300 18 premium premium NN cord-021959-1y67126b 300 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 300 20 MRP MRP NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 300 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 300 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 300 23 Bekaert Bekaert NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 300 24 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 300 25 Harvey Harvey NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 300 26 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 300 27 2002 2002 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 300 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 300 29 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 301 1 Bekaert Bekaert NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 301 2 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 301 3 Harvey Harvey NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 301 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 301 5 2002 2002 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 301 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 301 7 developed develop VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 301 8 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 301 9 modified modify VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 301 10 model model NN cord-021959-1y67126b 301 11 after after IN cord-021959-1y67126b 301 12 researching research VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 301 13 18 18 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 301 14 emerging emerge VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 301 15 markets market NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 301 16 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 301 17 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 301 18 pre-1990 pre-1990 JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 301 19 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 301 20 post-1990 post-1990 JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 301 21 periods period NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 301 22 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 301 23 reported report VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 301 24 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 301 25 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 301 26 correlation correlation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 301 27 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 301 28 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 301 29 emerging emerge VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 301 30 markets market NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 301 31 with with IN cord-021959-1y67126b 301 32 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 301 33 Morgan Morgan NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 301 34 Stanley Stanley NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 301 35 Capital Capital NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 301 36 International International NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 301 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 301 38 MSCI MSCI NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 301 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 302 1 World World NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 302 2 Index Index NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 302 3 increased increase VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 302 4 noticeably noticeably RB cord-021959-1y67126b 302 5 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 303 1 For for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 303 2 instance instance NN cord-021959-1y67126b 303 3 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 303 4 Turkey Turkey NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 303 5 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 303 6 one one CD cord-021959-1y67126b 303 7 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 303 8 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 303 9 countries country NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 303 10 whose whose WP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 303 11 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 303 12 correlation correlation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 303 13 with with IN cord-021959-1y67126b 303 14 MSCI MSCI NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 303 15 World World NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 303 16 Index Index NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 303 17 increased increase VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 303 18 from from IN cord-021959-1y67126b 303 19 less less JJR cord-021959-1y67126b 303 20 than than IN cord-021959-1y67126b 303 21 0.10 0.10 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 303 22 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 303 23 more more JJR cord-021959-1y67126b 303 24 than than IN cord-021959-1y67126b 303 25 0.35 0.35 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 303 26 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 304 1 Based base VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 304 2 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 304 3 this this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 304 4 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 304 5 Turkey Turkey NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 304 6 may may MD cord-021959-1y67126b 304 7 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 304 8 considered consider VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 304 9 an an DT cord-021959-1y67126b 304 10 integrated integrated JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 304 11 capital capital NN cord-021959-1y67126b 304 12 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 304 13 where where WRB cord-021959-1y67126b 304 14 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 304 15 expected expect VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 304 16 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 304 17 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 304 18 determined determine VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 304 19 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 304 20 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 304 21 β β NN cord-021959-1y67126b 304 22 with with IN cord-021959-1y67126b 304 23 respect respect NN cord-021959-1y67126b 304 24 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 304 25 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 304 26 world world NN cord-021959-1y67126b 304 27 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 304 28 portfolio portfolio NN cord-021959-1y67126b 304 29 multiplied multiply VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 304 30 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 304 31 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 304 32 world world NN cord-021959-1y67126b 304 33 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 304 34 premium premium NN cord-021959-1y67126b 304 35 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 305 1 This this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 305 2 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 305 3 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 305 4 core core JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 305 5 argument argument NN cord-021959-1y67126b 305 6 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 305 7 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 305 8 Bekaert Bekaert NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 305 9 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 305 10 Harvey Harvey NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 305 11 Mixture Mixture NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 305 12 model model NN cord-021959-1y67126b 305 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 305 14 Bekaert Bekaert NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 305 15 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 305 16 Harvey Harvey NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 305 17 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 305 18 2002 2002 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 305 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 305 20 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 306 1 In in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 306 2 cases case NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 306 3 when when WRB cord-021959-1y67126b 306 4 integrated integrate VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 306 5 markets market NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 306 6 assumption assumption NN cord-021959-1y67126b 306 7 does do VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 306 8 not not RB cord-021959-1y67126b 306 9 apply apply VB cord-021959-1y67126b 306 10 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 306 11 investment investment NN cord-021959-1y67126b 306 12 banks bank NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 306 13 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 306 14 business business NN cord-021959-1y67126b 306 15 advisory advisory JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 306 16 firms firm NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 306 17 use use VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 306 18 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 306 19 method method NN cord-021959-1y67126b 306 20 called call VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 306 21 " " `` cord-021959-1y67126b 306 22 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 306 23 Sovereign Sovereign NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 306 24 Spread Spread NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 306 25 Model Model NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 306 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 306 27 Goldman Goldman NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 306 28 Model Model NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 306 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 306 30 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 307 1 " " `` cord-021959-1y67126b 307 2 This this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 307 3 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 307 4 conducted conduct VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 307 5 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 307 6 regressing regress VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 307 7 an an DT cord-021959-1y67126b 307 8 individual individual JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 307 9 stock stock NN cord-021959-1y67126b 307 10 against against IN cord-021959-1y67126b 307 11 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 307 12 Standard Standard NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 307 13 & & CC cord-021959-1y67126b 307 14 Poor Poor NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 307 15 's 's POS cord-021959-1y67126b 307 16 500 500 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 307 17 stock stock NN cord-021959-1y67126b 307 18 price price NN cord-021959-1y67126b 307 19 index index NN cord-021959-1y67126b 307 20 returns return VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 307 21 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 307 22 obtain obtain VB cord-021959-1y67126b 307 23 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 307 24 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 307 25 premium premium NN cord-021959-1y67126b 307 26 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 308 1 Then then RB cord-021959-1y67126b 308 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 308 3 an an DT cord-021959-1y67126b 308 4 additional additional JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 308 5 " " `` cord-021959-1y67126b 308 6 factor factor NN cord-021959-1y67126b 308 7 " " '' cord-021959-1y67126b 308 8 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 308 9 added add VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 308 10 which which WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 308 11 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 308 12 called call VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 308 13 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 308 14 " " `` cord-021959-1y67126b 308 15 sovereign sovereign JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 308 16 spread spread NN cord-021959-1y67126b 308 17 " " '' cord-021959-1y67126b 308 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 308 19 SS SS NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 308 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 308 21 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 309 1 This this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 309 2 spread spread VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 309 3 between between IN cord-021959-1y67126b 309 4 respective respective JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 309 5 country country NN cord-021959-1y67126b 309 6 's 's POS cord-021959-1y67126b 309 7 LGB LGB NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 309 8 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 309 9 bonds bond NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 309 10 denominated denominate VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 309 11 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 309 12 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 309 13 dollars dollar NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 309 14 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 309 15 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 309 16 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 309 17 Treasury Treasury NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 309 18 bond bond NN cord-021959-1y67126b 309 19 yield yield NN cord-021959-1y67126b 309 20 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 309 21 " " `` cord-021959-1y67126b 309 22 added add VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 309 23 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 309 24 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 310 1 " " '' cord-021959-1y67126b 311 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 311 2 bond bond NN cord-021959-1y67126b 311 3 spread spread NN cord-021959-1y67126b 311 4 serves serve VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 311 5 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 311 6 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 311 7 tool tool NN cord-021959-1y67126b 311 8 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 311 9 increase increase VB cord-021959-1y67126b 311 10 an an DT cord-021959-1y67126b 311 11 " " `` cord-021959-1y67126b 311 12 unreasonably unreasonably RB cord-021959-1y67126b 311 13 low low JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 311 14 " " '' cord-021959-1y67126b 311 15 country country NN cord-021959-1y67126b 311 16 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 311 17 premium premium NN cord-021959-1y67126b 311 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 311 19 Harvey Harvey NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 311 20 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 311 21 2005 2005 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 311 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 311 23 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 312 1 This this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 312 2 section section NN cord-021959-1y67126b 312 3 offers offer VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 312 4 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 312 5 practical practical JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 312 6 example example NN cord-021959-1y67126b 312 7 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 312 8 managers manager NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 312 9 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 312 10 estimate estimate VB cord-021959-1y67126b 312 11 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 312 12 WACC WACC NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 312 13 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 312 14 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 312 15 projects project NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 312 16 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 313 1 In in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 313 2 addition addition NN cord-021959-1y67126b 313 3 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 313 4 this this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 313 5 section section NN cord-021959-1y67126b 313 6 breaks break VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 313 7 down down RP cord-021959-1y67126b 313 8 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 313 9 WACC WACC NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 313 10 into into IN cord-021959-1y67126b 313 11 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 313 12 respective respective JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 313 13 components component NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 313 14 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 313 15 order order NN cord-021959-1y67126b 313 16 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 313 17 assist assist VB cord-021959-1y67126b 313 18 executives executive NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 313 19 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 313 20 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 313 21 capital capital NN cord-021959-1y67126b 313 22 investment investment NN cord-021959-1y67126b 313 23 decisions decision NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 313 24 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 314 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 314 2 major major JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 314 3 components component NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 314 4 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 314 5 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 314 6 WACC WACC NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 314 7 estimations estimation NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 314 8 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 314 9 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 314 10 firm firm NN cord-021959-1y67126b 314 11 's 's POS cord-021959-1y67126b 314 12 stock stock NN cord-021959-1y67126b 314 13 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 314 14 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 314 15 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 314 16 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 314 17 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 314 18 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 314 19 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 314 20 free free JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 314 21 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 314 22 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 314 23 regression regression NN cord-021959-1y67126b 314 24 coefficients coefficient NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 314 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 314 26 β β NN cord-021959-1y67126b 314 27 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 314 28 s s NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 314 29 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 314 30 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 314 31 h h NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 314 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 314 33 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 314 34 SMB SMB NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 314 35 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 314 36 HML HML NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 314 37 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 314 38 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 314 39 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 314 40 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 314 41 premium premium NN cord-021959-1y67126b 314 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 314 43 EMRP EMRP NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 314 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 314 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 314 46 which which WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 314 47 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 314 48 R r NN cord-021959-1y67126b 314 49 m m NN cord-021959-1y67126b 314 50 Ϫ ϫ NN cord-021959-1y67126b 314 51 R r NN cord-021959-1y67126b 314 52 f f NN cord-021959-1y67126b 314 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 314 54 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 314 55 capital capital NN cord-021959-1y67126b 314 56 structure structure NN cord-021959-1y67126b 314 57 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 314 58 proportion proportion NN cord-021959-1y67126b 314 59 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 314 60 debt debt NN cord-021959-1y67126b 314 61 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 314 62 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 314 63 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 314 64 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 314 65 corporate corporate JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 314 66 tax tax NN cord-021959-1y67126b 314 67 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 314 68 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 314 69 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 314 70 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 314 71 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 314 72 borrowed borrow VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 314 73 debt debt NN cord-021959-1y67126b 314 74 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 315 1 If if IN cord-021959-1y67126b 315 2 you -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 315 3 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 315 4 an an DT cord-021959-1y67126b 315 5 executive executive NN cord-021959-1y67126b 315 6 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 315 7 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 315 8 company company NN cord-021959-1y67126b 315 9 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 315 10 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 315 11 not not RB cord-021959-1y67126b 315 12 publicly publicly RB cord-021959-1y67126b 315 13 traded trade VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 315 14 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 315 15 you -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 315 16 have have VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 315 17 two two CD cord-021959-1y67126b 315 18 options option NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 315 19 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 315 20 estimate estimate VB cord-021959-1y67126b 315 21 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 315 22 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 315 23 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 315 24 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 315 25 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 316 1 You -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 316 2 can can MD cord-021959-1y67126b 316 3 either either CC cord-021959-1y67126b 316 4 use use VB cord-021959-1y67126b 316 5 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 316 6 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 316 7 average average NN cord-021959-1y67126b 316 8 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 316 9 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 316 10 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 316 11 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 316 12 or or CC cord-021959-1y67126b 316 13 locate locate VB cord-021959-1y67126b 316 14 two two CD cord-021959-1y67126b 316 15 or or CC cord-021959-1y67126b 316 16 three three CD cord-021959-1y67126b 316 17 comparable comparable JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 316 18 firms firm NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 316 19 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 316 20 compete compete VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 316 21 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 316 22 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 316 23 same same JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 316 24 line line NN cord-021959-1y67126b 316 25 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 316 26 business business NN cord-021959-1y67126b 316 27 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 316 28 estimate estimate VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 316 29 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 316 30 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 316 31 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 316 32 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 316 33 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 317 1 However however RB cord-021959-1y67126b 317 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 317 3 even even RB cord-021959-1y67126b 317 4 if if IN cord-021959-1y67126b 317 5 you -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 317 6 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 317 7 an an DT cord-021959-1y67126b 317 8 executive executive NN cord-021959-1y67126b 317 9 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 317 10 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 317 11 large large JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 317 12 restaurant restaurant NN cord-021959-1y67126b 317 13 corporation corporation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 317 14 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 317 15 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 317 16 traded trade VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 317 17 publicly publicly RB cord-021959-1y67126b 317 18 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 317 19 it -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 317 20 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 317 21 still still RB cord-021959-1y67126b 317 22 recommended recommend VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 317 23 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 317 24 you -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 317 25 estimate estimate VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 317 26 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 317 27 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 317 28 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 317 29 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 317 30 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 317 31 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 317 32 entire entire JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 317 33 restaurant restaurant NN cord-021959-1y67126b 317 34 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 317 35 because because IN cord-021959-1y67126b 317 36 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 317 37 standard standard JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 317 38 error error NN cord-021959-1y67126b 317 39 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 317 40 regression regression NN cord-021959-1y67126b 317 41 coefficients coefficient NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 317 42 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 317 43 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 317 44 single single JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 317 45 firm firm NN cord-021959-1y67126b 317 46 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 317 47 fairly fairly RB cord-021959-1y67126b 317 48 high high JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 317 49 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 317 50 which which WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 317 51 decreases decrease VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 317 52 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 317 53 reliability reliability NN cord-021959-1y67126b 317 54 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 317 55 these these DT cord-021959-1y67126b 317 56 coefficients coefficient NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 317 57 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 318 1 My -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 318 2 past past JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 318 3 research research NN cord-021959-1y67126b 318 4 experience experience NN cord-021959-1y67126b 318 5 has have VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 318 6 showed show VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 318 7 me -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 318 8 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 318 9 at at IN cord-021959-1y67126b 318 10 times time NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 318 11 using use VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 318 12 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 318 13 single single JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 318 14 firm firm NN cord-021959-1y67126b 318 15 may may MD cord-021959-1y67126b 318 16 create create VB cord-021959-1y67126b 318 17 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 318 18 situation situation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 318 19 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 318 20 which which WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 318 21 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 318 22 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 318 23 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 318 24 can can MD cord-021959-1y67126b 318 25 not not RB cord-021959-1y67126b 318 26 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 318 27 even even RB cord-021959-1y67126b 318 28 estimated estimate VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 318 29 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 319 1 More more RBR cord-021959-1y67126b 319 2 often often RB cord-021959-1y67126b 319 3 than than IN cord-021959-1y67126b 319 4 not not RB cord-021959-1y67126b 319 5 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 319 6 I -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 319 7 obtained obtain VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 319 8 distressing distressing JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 319 9 results result NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 319 10 when when WRB cord-021959-1y67126b 319 11 running run VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 319 12 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 319 13 regression regression NN cord-021959-1y67126b 319 14 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 319 15 small small JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 319 16 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 319 17 or or CC cord-021959-1y67126b 319 18 medium medium JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 319 19 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 319 20 size size NN cord-021959-1y67126b 319 21 hospitality hospitality NN cord-021959-1y67126b 319 22 firms firm NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 319 23 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 320 1 As as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 320 2 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 320 3 result result NN cord-021959-1y67126b 320 4 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 320 5 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 320 6 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 320 7 practical practical JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 320 8 example example NN cord-021959-1y67126b 320 9 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 320 10 I -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 320 11 will will MD cord-021959-1y67126b 320 12 estimate estimate VB cord-021959-1y67126b 320 13 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 320 14 restaurant restaurant NN cord-021959-1y67126b 320 15 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 320 16 's 's POS cord-021959-1y67126b 320 17 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 320 18 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 320 19 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 320 20 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 321 1 Since since IN cord-021959-1y67126b 321 2 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 321 3 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 321 4 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 321 5 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 321 6 calculation calculation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 321 7 process process NN cord-021959-1y67126b 321 8 may may MD cord-021959-1y67126b 321 9 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 321 10 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 321 11 fairly fairly RB cord-021959-1y67126b 321 12 complex complex JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 321 13 process process NN cord-021959-1y67126b 321 14 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 321 15 someone someone NN cord-021959-1y67126b 321 16 who who WP cord-021959-1y67126b 321 17 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 321 18 not not RB cord-021959-1y67126b 321 19 familiar familiar JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 321 20 with with IN cord-021959-1y67126b 321 21 data datum NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 321 22 analysis analysis NN cord-021959-1y67126b 321 23 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 321 24 I -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 321 25 will will MD cord-021959-1y67126b 321 26 offer offer VB cord-021959-1y67126b 321 27 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 321 28 step step NN cord-021959-1y67126b 321 29 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 321 30 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 321 31 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 321 32 step step NN cord-021959-1y67126b 321 33 procedure procedure NN cord-021959-1y67126b 321 34 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 321 35 which which WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 321 36 should should MD cord-021959-1y67126b 321 37 better well RBR cord-021959-1y67126b 321 38 clarify clarify VB cord-021959-1y67126b 321 39 this this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 321 40 process process NN cord-021959-1y67126b 321 41 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 321 42 Step step NN cord-021959-1y67126b 321 43 1 1 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 321 44 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 321 45 obtaining obtain VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 321 46 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 321 47 5-year 5-year CD cord-021959-1y67126b 321 48 monthly monthly JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 321 49 stock stock NN cord-021959-1y67126b 321 50 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 321 51 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 321 52 your -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 321 53 company company NN cord-021959-1y67126b 321 54 / / SYM cord-021959-1y67126b 321 55 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 321 56 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 321 57 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 321 58 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 322 1 • • NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 323 1 • • NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 324 1 • • NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 325 1 Ideally ideally RB cord-021959-1y67126b 325 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 325 3 you -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 325 4 need need VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 325 5 5 5 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 325 6 years year NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 325 7 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 325 8 monthly monthly JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 325 9 stock stock NN cord-021959-1y67126b 325 10 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 325 11 data datum NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 325 12 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 325 13 your -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 325 14 firm firm NN cord-021959-1y67126b 325 15 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 325 16 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 325 17 5-year 5-year CD cord-021959-1y67126b 325 18 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 325 19 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 325 20 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 326 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 326 2 issue issue NN cord-021959-1y67126b 326 3 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 326 4 selecting select VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 326 5 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 326 6 best good JJS cord-021959-1y67126b 326 7 index index NN cord-021959-1y67126b 326 8 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 326 9 all all DT cord-021959-1y67126b 326 10 traded trade VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 326 11 assets asset NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 326 12 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 326 13 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 326 14 world world NN cord-021959-1y67126b 326 15 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 326 16 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 326 17 very very RB cord-021959-1y67126b 326 18 challenging challenging JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 326 19 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 326 20 sometimes sometimes RB cord-021959-1y67126b 326 21 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 326 22 controversial controversial JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 326 23 issue issue NN cord-021959-1y67126b 326 24 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 327 1 Based base VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 327 2 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 327 3 seminal seminal JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 328 1 • • NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 329 1 • • NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 330 1 • • NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 331 1 studies study NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 331 2 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 331 3 financial financial JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 331 4 management management NN cord-021959-1y67126b 331 5 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 331 6 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 331 7 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 331 8 index index NN cord-021959-1y67126b 331 9 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 331 10 yields yield VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 331 11 most most RBS cord-021959-1y67126b 331 12 reliable reliable JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 331 13 results result NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 331 14 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 331 15 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 331 16 United United NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 331 17 States States NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 331 18 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 331 19 Center Center NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 331 20 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 331 21 Research Research NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 331 22 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 331 23 Security Security NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 331 24 Prices Prices NNPS cord-021959-1y67126b 331 25 Value Value NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 331 26 Weight Weight NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 331 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 331 28 CRSPVW CRSPVW NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 331 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 331 30 Index index NN cord-021959-1y67126b 331 31 housed house VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 331 32 at at IN cord-021959-1y67126b 331 33 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 331 34 University University NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 331 35 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 331 36 Chicago Chicago NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 331 37 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 332 1 Both both DT cord-021959-1y67126b 332 2 your -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 332 3 company company NN cord-021959-1y67126b 332 4 's 's POS cord-021959-1y67126b 332 5 stock stock NN cord-021959-1y67126b 332 6 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 332 7 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 332 8 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 332 9 should should MD cord-021959-1y67126b 332 10 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 332 11 used use VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 332 12 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 332 13 excess excess JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 332 14 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 332 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 332 16 i.e. i.e. FW cord-021959-1y67126b 332 17 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 332 18 return return VB cord-021959-1y67126b 332 19 less less JJR cord-021959-1y67126b 332 20 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 332 21 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 332 22 free free JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 332 23 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 332 24 which which WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 332 25 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 332 26 1-month 1-month CD cord-021959-1y67126b 332 27 TB TB NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 332 28 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 332 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 332 30 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 332 31 order order NN cord-021959-1y67126b 332 32 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 332 33 measure measure VB cord-021959-1y67126b 332 34 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 332 35 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 332 36 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 332 37 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 332 38 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 332 39 real real JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 332 40 units unit NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 332 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 332 42 i.e. i.e. FW cord-021959-1y67126b 332 43 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 332 44 after after IN cord-021959-1y67126b 332 45 accounting account VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 332 46 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 332 47 inflation inflation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 332 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 332 49 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 333 1 For for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 333 2 reasons reason NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 333 3 mentioned mention VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 333 4 before before RB cord-021959-1y67126b 333 5 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 333 6 I -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 333 7 will will MD cord-021959-1y67126b 333 8 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 333 9 estimating estimate VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 333 10 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 333 11 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 333 12 restaurant restaurant NN cord-021959-1y67126b 333 13 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 333 14 's 's POS cord-021959-1y67126b 333 15 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 333 16 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 333 17 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 333 18 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 333 19 leave leave VB cord-021959-1y67126b 333 20 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 333 21 decision decision NN cord-021959-1y67126b 333 22 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 333 23 restaurant restaurant NN cord-021959-1y67126b 333 24 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 333 25 executives executive NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 333 26 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 333 27 adjust adjust VB cord-021959-1y67126b 333 28 this this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 333 29 value value NN cord-021959-1y67126b 333 30 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 333 31 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 333 32 specific specific JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 333 33 projects project NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 333 34 at at IN cord-021959-1y67126b 333 35 hand hand NN cord-021959-1y67126b 333 36 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 334 1 In in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 334 2 order order NN cord-021959-1y67126b 334 3 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 334 4 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 334 5 able able JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 334 6 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 334 7 observe observe VB cord-021959-1y67126b 334 8 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 334 9 accuracy accuracy NN cord-021959-1y67126b 334 10 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 334 11 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 334 12 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 334 13 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 334 14 models model NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 334 15 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 334 16 we -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 334 17 estimate estimate VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 334 18 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 334 19 restaurant restaurant NN cord-021959-1y67126b 334 20 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 334 21 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 334 22 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 334 23 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 334 24 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 334 25 using use VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 334 26 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 334 27 CAPM CAPM NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 334 28 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 334 29 FF FF NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 334 30 model model NN cord-021959-1y67126b 334 31 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 335 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 335 2 observation observation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 335 3 period period NN cord-021959-1y67126b 335 4 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 335 5 this this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 335 6 example example NN cord-021959-1y67126b 335 7 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 335 8 between between IN cord-021959-1y67126b 335 9 2000 2000 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 335 10 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 335 11 2004 2004 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 335 12 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 336 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 336 2 reason reason NN cord-021959-1y67126b 336 3 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 336 4 not not RB cord-021959-1y67126b 336 5 selecting select VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 336 6 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 336 7 longer long JJR cord-021959-1y67126b 336 8 observation observation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 336 9 period period NN cord-021959-1y67126b 336 10 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 336 11 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 336 12 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 336 13 values value NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 336 14 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 336 15 β β NN cord-021959-1y67126b 336 16 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 336 17 other other JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 336 18 variables variable NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 336 19 become become VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 336 20 unstable unstable JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 336 21 over over IN cord-021959-1y67126b 336 22 extended extended JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 336 23 periods period NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 336 24 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 337 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 337 2 sample sample NN cord-021959-1y67126b 337 3 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 337 4 developed develop VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 337 5 from from IN cord-021959-1y67126b 337 6 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 337 7 Nation Nation NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 337 8 's 's POS cord-021959-1y67126b 337 9 Restaurant Restaurant NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 337 10 News News NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 337 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 337 12 NRN NRN NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 337 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 337 14 Index Index NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 337 15 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 337 16 which which WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 337 17 entails entail VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 337 18 81 81 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 337 19 restaurant restaurant NN cord-021959-1y67126b 337 20 firms firm NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 337 21 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 338 1 In in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 338 2 cases case NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 338 3 when when WRB cord-021959-1y67126b 338 4 executives executive NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 338 5 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 338 6 not not RB cord-021959-1y67126b 338 7 familiar familiar JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 338 8 with with IN cord-021959-1y67126b 338 9 building build VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 338 10 stock stock NN cord-021959-1y67126b 338 11 portfolios portfolio NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 338 12 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 338 13 they -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 338 14 can can MD cord-021959-1y67126b 338 15 alternatively alternatively RB cord-021959-1y67126b 338 16 use use VB cord-021959-1y67126b 338 17 monthly monthly JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 338 18 returns return NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 338 19 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 338 20 hospitality hospitality NN cord-021959-1y67126b 338 21 indices index NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 338 22 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 338 23 lodging lodging NN cord-021959-1y67126b 338 24 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 338 25 restaurant restaurant NN cord-021959-1y67126b 338 26 industries industry NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 338 27 from from IN cord-021959-1y67126b 338 28 data datum NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 338 29 providers provider NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 338 30 such such JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 338 31 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 338 32 Yahoo Yahoo NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 338 33 ! ! . cord-021959-1y67126b 339 1 Finance finance NN cord-021959-1y67126b 339 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 339 3 Wall Wall NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 339 4 Street Street NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 339 5 Journal Journal NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 339 6 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 339 7 or or CC cord-021959-1y67126b 339 8 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 339 9 publications publication NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 339 10 such such JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 339 11 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 339 12 NRN NRN NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 339 13 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 340 1 Step step NN cord-021959-1y67126b 340 2 2 2 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 340 3 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 340 4 estimating estimate VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 340 5 β β NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 340 6 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 340 7 Fama Fama NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 340 8 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 340 9 French french JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 340 10 factor factor NN cord-021959-1y67126b 340 11 coefficients coefficient NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 341 1 • • NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 342 1 • • NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 343 1 • • NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 344 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 344 2 CAPM CAPM NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 344 3 's 's POS cord-021959-1y67126b 344 4 β β NN cord-021959-1y67126b 344 5 can can MD cord-021959-1y67126b 344 6 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 344 7 computed compute VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 344 8 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 344 9 regressing regress VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 344 10 excess excess JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 344 11 stock stock NN cord-021959-1y67126b 344 12 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 344 13 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 344 14 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 344 15 firm firm NN cord-021959-1y67126b 344 16 over over IN cord-021959-1y67126b 344 17 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 344 18 excess excess JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 344 19 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 344 20 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 344 21 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 345 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 345 2 monthly monthly JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 345 3 returns return NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 345 4 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 345 5 FF ff NN cord-021959-1y67126b 345 6 factors factor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 345 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 345 8 SMB SMB NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 345 9 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 345 10 HML HML NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 345 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 345 12 can can MD cord-021959-1y67126b 345 13 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 345 14 retrieved retrieve VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 345 15 from from IN cord-021959-1y67126b 345 16 Eventus Eventus NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 345 17 Database Database NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 345 18 housed house VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 345 19 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 345 20 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 345 21 Wharton Wharton NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 345 22 School School NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 345 23 at at IN cord-021959-1y67126b 345 24 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 345 25 University University NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 345 26 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 345 27 Pennsylvania Pennsylvania NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 345 28 or or CC cord-021959-1y67126b 345 29 from from IN cord-021959-1y67126b 345 30 Kenneth Kenneth NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 345 31 French French NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 345 32 's 's POS cord-021959-1y67126b 345 33 website website NN cord-021959-1y67126b 345 34 at at IN cord-021959-1y67126b 345 35 Dartmouth Dartmouth NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 345 36 College College NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 345 37 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 346 1 By by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 346 2 regressing regress VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 346 3 monthly monthly JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 346 4 SMB SMB NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 346 5 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 346 6 HML HML NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 346 7 returns return VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 346 8 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 346 9 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 346 10 returns return NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 346 11 you -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 346 12 can can MD cord-021959-1y67126b 346 13 obtain obtain VB cord-021959-1y67126b 346 14 " " `` cord-021959-1y67126b 346 15 s s NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 346 16 " " '' cord-021959-1y67126b 346 17 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 346 18 " " `` cord-021959-1y67126b 346 19 h h NN cord-021959-1y67126b 346 20 " " '' cord-021959-1y67126b 346 21 coefficients coefficient NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 346 22 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 346 23 can can MD cord-021959-1y67126b 346 24 later later RB cord-021959-1y67126b 346 25 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 346 26 inserted insert VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 346 27 into into IN cord-021959-1y67126b 346 28 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 346 29 equation equation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 346 30 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 346 31 estimate estimate VB cord-021959-1y67126b 346 32 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 346 33 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 346 34 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 346 35 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 346 36 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 347 1 In in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 347 2 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 347 3 practical practical JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 347 4 example example NN cord-021959-1y67126b 347 5 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 347 6 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 347 7 results result NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 347 8 indicate indicate VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 347 9 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 347 10 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 347 11 FF FF NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 347 12 model model NN cord-021959-1y67126b 347 13 explains explain VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 347 14 more more JJR cord-021959-1y67126b 347 15 than than IN cord-021959-1y67126b 347 16 half half PDT cord-021959-1y67126b 347 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 347 18 51.8 51.8 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 347 19 % % NN cord-021959-1y67126b 347 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 347 21 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 347 22 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 347 23 variation variation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 347 24 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 347 25 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 347 26 returns return NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 347 27 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 347 28 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 347 29 NRN NRN NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 347 30 Index Index NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 347 31 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 348 1 In in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 348 2 addition addition NN cord-021959-1y67126b 348 3 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 348 4 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 348 5 FF FF NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 348 6 model model NN cord-021959-1y67126b 348 7 results result VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 348 8 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 348 9 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 348 10 significant significant JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 348 11 R r NN cord-021959-1y67126b 348 12 2 2 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 348 13 change change NN cord-021959-1y67126b 348 14 over over IN cord-021959-1y67126b 348 15 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 348 16 CAPM CAPM NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 348 17 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 348 18 which which WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 348 19 showed show VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 348 20 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 348 21 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 348 22 two two CD cord-021959-1y67126b 348 23 FF ff NN cord-021959-1y67126b 348 24 variables variable NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 348 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 348 26 SMB SMB NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 348 27 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 348 28 HML HML NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 348 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 348 30 explained explain VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 348 31 some some DT cord-021959-1y67126b 348 32 extra extra JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 348 33 variance variance NN cord-021959-1y67126b 348 34 over over IN cord-021959-1y67126b 348 35 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 348 36 above above IN cord-021959-1y67126b 348 37 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 348 38 CAPM CAPM NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 348 39 which which WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 348 40 accounted account VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 348 41 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 348 42 19.6 19.6 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 348 43 % % NN cord-021959-1y67126b 348 44 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 348 45 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 348 46 variation variation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 348 47 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 348 48 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 348 49 restaurant restaurant NN cord-021959-1y67126b 348 50 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 348 51 stock stock NN cord-021959-1y67126b 348 52 returns return NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 348 53 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 349 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 349 2 analysis analysis NN cord-021959-1y67126b 349 3 at at IN cord-021959-1y67126b 349 4 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 349 5 variable variable JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 349 6 level level NN cord-021959-1y67126b 349 7 indicates indicate VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 349 8 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 349 9 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 349 10 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 349 11 index index NN cord-021959-1y67126b 349 12 variable variable NN cord-021959-1y67126b 349 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 349 14 β β NN cord-021959-1y67126b 349 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 349 16 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 349 17 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 349 18 HML HML NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 349 19 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 349 20 significant significant JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 349 21 at at IN cord-021959-1y67126b 349 22 0.01 0.01 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 349 23 level level NN cord-021959-1y67126b 349 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 349 25 see see VB cord-021959-1y67126b 349 26 Table table NN cord-021959-1y67126b 349 27 6 6 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 349 28 .1 .1 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 349 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 349 30 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 350 1 However however RB cord-021959-1y67126b 350 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 350 3 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 350 4 SMB SMB NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 350 5 was be VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 350 6 not not RB cord-021959-1y67126b 350 7 significant significant JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 350 8 at at IN cord-021959-1y67126b 350 9 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 350 10 0.05 0.05 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 350 11 level level NN cord-021959-1y67126b 350 12 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 350 13 which which WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 350 14 means mean VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 350 15 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 350 16 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 350 17 size size NN cord-021959-1y67126b 350 18 factor factor NN cord-021959-1y67126b 350 19 does do VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 350 20 not not RB cord-021959-1y67126b 350 21 affect affect VB cord-021959-1y67126b 350 22 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 350 23 restaurant restaurant NN cord-021959-1y67126b 350 24 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 350 25 stock stock NN cord-021959-1y67126b 350 26 returns return NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 350 27 while while IN cord-021959-1y67126b 350 28 controlling control VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 350 29 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 350 30 β β NN cord-021959-1y67126b 350 31 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 350 32 HML HML NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 350 33 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 351 1 In in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 351 2 practice practice NN cord-021959-1y67126b 351 3 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 351 4 this this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 351 5 means mean VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 351 6 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 351 7 restaurant restaurant NN cord-021959-1y67126b 351 8 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 351 9 portfolio portfolio NN cord-021959-1y67126b 351 10 behaves behave VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 351 11 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 351 12 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 351 13 large large JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 351 14 company company NN cord-021959-1y67126b 351 15 stock stock NN cord-021959-1y67126b 351 16 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 351 17 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 351 18 therefore therefore RB cord-021959-1y67126b 351 19 there there EX cord-021959-1y67126b 351 20 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 351 21 no no DT cord-021959-1y67126b 351 22 size size NN cord-021959-1y67126b 351 23 premium premium NN cord-021959-1y67126b 351 24 when when WRB cord-021959-1y67126b 351 25 considering consider VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 351 26 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 351 27 overall overall JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 351 28 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 351 29 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 351 30 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 351 31 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 351 32 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 351 33 restaurant restaurant NN cord-021959-1y67126b 351 34 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 351 35 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 352 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 352 2 should should MD cord-021959-1y67126b 352 3 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 352 4 remembered remember VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 352 5 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 352 6 if if IN cord-021959-1y67126b 352 7 you -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 352 8 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 352 9 an an DT cord-021959-1y67126b 352 10 executive executive NN cord-021959-1y67126b 352 11 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 352 12 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 352 13 small small JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 352 14 restaurant restaurant NN cord-021959-1y67126b 352 15 company company NN cord-021959-1y67126b 352 16 there there EX cord-021959-1y67126b 352 17 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 352 18 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 352 19 high high JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 352 20 possibility possibility NN cord-021959-1y67126b 352 21 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 352 22 your -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 352 23 stock stock NN cord-021959-1y67126b 352 24 returns return NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 352 25 will will MD cord-021959-1y67126b 352 26 have have VB cord-021959-1y67126b 352 27 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 352 28 size size NN cord-021959-1y67126b 352 29 premium premium NN cord-021959-1y67126b 352 30 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 353 1 Step step NN cord-021959-1y67126b 353 2 3 3 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 353 3 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 353 4 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 353 5 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 353 6 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 353 7 free free JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 353 8 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 353 9 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 353 10 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 353 11 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 353 12 size size NN cord-021959-1y67126b 353 13 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 353 14 distress distress NN cord-021959-1y67126b 353 15 premiums premium NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 354 1 • • NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 355 1 • • NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 356 1 • • NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 357 1 There there EX cord-021959-1y67126b 357 2 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 357 3 certain certain JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 357 4 rules rule NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 357 5 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 357 6 thumb thumb NN cord-021959-1y67126b 357 7 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 357 8 executives executive NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 357 9 should should MD cord-021959-1y67126b 357 10 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 357 11 aware aware JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 357 12 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 357 13 before before IN cord-021959-1y67126b 357 14 inserting insert VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 357 15 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 357 16 regression regression NN cord-021959-1y67126b 357 17 coefficients coefficient NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 357 18 into into IN cord-021959-1y67126b 357 19 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 357 20 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 357 21 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 357 22 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 357 23 calculation calculation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 357 24 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 358 1 First first RB cord-021959-1y67126b 358 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 358 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 358 4 should should MD cord-021959-1y67126b 358 5 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 358 6 pointed point VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 358 7 out out RP cord-021959-1y67126b 358 8 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 358 9 there there EX cord-021959-1y67126b 358 10 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 358 11 two two CD cord-021959-1y67126b 358 12 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 358 13 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 358 14 free free JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 358 15 rates rate NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 358 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 358 17 R r NN cord-021959-1y67126b 358 18 f f NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 358 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 358 20 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 358 21 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 358 22 CAPM CAPM NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 358 23 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 358 24 FF FF NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 358 25 models model NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 358 26 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 359 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 359 2 first first JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 359 3 R r NN cord-021959-1y67126b 359 4 f f NN cord-021959-1y67126b 359 5 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 359 6 used use VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 359 7 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 359 8 order order NN cord-021959-1y67126b 359 9 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 359 10 demonstrate demonstrate VB cord-021959-1y67126b 359 11 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 359 12 level level NN cord-021959-1y67126b 359 13 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 359 14 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 359 15 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 359 16 free free JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 359 17 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 359 18 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 359 19 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 359 20 firm firm NN cord-021959-1y67126b 359 21 needs need VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 359 22 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 359 23 exceed exceed VB cord-021959-1y67126b 359 24 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 359 25 compensate compensate VB cord-021959-1y67126b 359 26 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 359 27 investors investor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 359 28 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 359 29 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 359 30 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 359 31 they -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 359 32 undertake undertake VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 359 33 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 360 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 360 2 second second JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 360 3 R r NN cord-021959-1y67126b 360 4 f f NN cord-021959-1y67126b 360 5 should should MD cord-021959-1y67126b 360 6 ideally ideally RB cord-021959-1y67126b 360 7 match match VB cord-021959-1y67126b 360 8 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 360 9 life life NN cord-021959-1y67126b 360 10 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 360 11 an an DT cord-021959-1y67126b 360 12 asset asset NN cord-021959-1y67126b 360 13 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 361 1 In in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 361 2 other other JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 361 3 words word NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 361 4 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 361 5 if if IN cord-021959-1y67126b 361 6 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 361 7 asset asset NN cord-021959-1y67126b 361 8 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 361 9 this this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 361 10 project project NN cord-021959-1y67126b 361 11 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 361 12 expected expect VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 361 13 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 361 14 last last VB cord-021959-1y67126b 361 15 at at RB cord-021959-1y67126b 361 16 least least RBS cord-021959-1y67126b 361 17 10 10 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 361 18 years year NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 361 19 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 361 20 then then RB cord-021959-1y67126b 361 21 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 361 22 given give VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 361 23 investor investor NN cord-021959-1y67126b 361 24 / / SYM cord-021959-1y67126b 361 25 executive executive NN cord-021959-1y67126b 361 26 should should MD cord-021959-1y67126b 361 27 use use VB cord-021959-1y67126b 361 28 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 361 29 10-year 10-year CD cord-021959-1y67126b 361 30 government government NN cord-021959-1y67126b 361 31 bond bond NN cord-021959-1y67126b 361 32 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 361 33 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 361 34 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 361 35 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 361 36 free free JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 361 37 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 361 38 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 361 39 obtain obtain VB cord-021959-1y67126b 361 40 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 361 41 MRP MRP NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 361 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 361 43 R r NN cord-021959-1y67126b 361 44 m m NN cord-021959-1y67126b 361 45 Ϫ ϫ NN cord-021959-1y67126b 361 46 R r NN cord-021959-1y67126b 361 47 f f NN cord-021959-1y67126b 361 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 361 49 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 362 1 Another another DT cord-021959-1y67126b 362 2 important important JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 362 3 issue issue NN cord-021959-1y67126b 362 4 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 362 5 calculating calculate VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 362 6 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 362 7 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 362 8 size size NN cord-021959-1y67126b 362 9 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 362 10 distress distress NN cord-021959-1y67126b 362 11 premiums premium NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 362 12 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 363 1 Executives executive NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 363 2 / / SYM cord-021959-1y67126b 363 3 investors investor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 363 4 may may MD cord-021959-1y67126b 363 5 often often RB cord-021959-1y67126b 363 6 face face VB cord-021959-1y67126b 363 7 challenges challenge NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 363 8 when when WRB cord-021959-1y67126b 363 9 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 363 10 5-year 5-year CD cord-021959-1y67126b 363 11 MRP MRP NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 363 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 363 13 which which WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 363 14 equals equal VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 363 15 R r NN cord-021959-1y67126b 363 16 m m NN cord-021959-1y67126b 363 17 Ϫ ϫ NN cord-021959-1y67126b 363 18 R r NN cord-021959-1y67126b 363 19 f f NN cord-021959-1y67126b 363 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 363 21 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 363 22 negative negative JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 363 23 or or CC cord-021959-1y67126b 363 24 extremely extremely RB cord-021959-1y67126b 363 25 low low JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 363 26 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 363 27 or or CC cord-021959-1y67126b 363 28 when when WRB cord-021959-1y67126b 363 29 size size NN cord-021959-1y67126b 363 30 premium premium NN cord-021959-1y67126b 363 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 363 32 SMB SMB NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 363 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 363 34 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 363 35 distress distress NN cord-021959-1y67126b 363 36 premium premium NN cord-021959-1y67126b 363 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 363 38 HML HML NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 363 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 363 40 figures figure NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 363 41 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 363 42 negative negative JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 363 43 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 364 1 In in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 364 2 these these DT cord-021959-1y67126b 364 3 cases case NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 364 4 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 364 5 I -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 364 6 would would MD cord-021959-1y67126b 364 7 recommend recommend VB cord-021959-1y67126b 364 8 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 364 9 executives executive NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 364 10 / / SYM cord-021959-1y67126b 364 11 investors investor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 364 12 use use VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 364 13 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 364 14 longterm longterm JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 364 15 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 364 16 premium premium NN cord-021959-1y67126b 364 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 364 18 R r NN cord-021959-1y67126b 364 19 m m NN cord-021959-1y67126b 364 20 Ϫ ϫ NN cord-021959-1y67126b 364 21 R r NN cord-021959-1y67126b 364 22 f f NN cord-021959-1y67126b 364 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 364 24 figure figure NN cord-021959-1y67126b 364 25 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 364 26 5 5 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 364 27 % % NN cord-021959-1y67126b 364 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 364 29 Siegel Siegel NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 364 30 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 364 31 1998 1998 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 364 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 364 33 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 364 34 1992 1992 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 364 35 - - SYM cord-021959-1y67126b 364 36 2001 2001 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 364 37 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 364 38 1993 1993 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 364 39 - - SYM cord-021959-1y67126b 364 40 2002 2002 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 364 41 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 364 42 1994 1994 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 364 43 - - SYM cord-021959-1y67126b 364 44 2003 2003 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 364 45 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 364 46 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 364 47 so so RB cord-021959-1y67126b 364 48 on on RB cord-021959-1y67126b 364 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 364 50 until until IN cord-021959-1y67126b 364 51 2006 2006 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 364 52 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 364 53 verified verify VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 364 54 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 364 55 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 364 56 all all DT cord-021959-1y67126b 364 57 instances instance NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 364 58 SMB SMB NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 364 59 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 364 60 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 364 61 HML HML NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 364 62 premiums premium NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 364 63 were be VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 364 64 positive positive JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 364 65 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 365 1 Step step NN cord-021959-1y67126b 365 2 4 4 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 365 3 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 365 4 solving solve VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 365 5 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 365 6 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 365 7 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 365 8 equation equation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 366 1 • • NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 367 1 • • NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 368 1 • • NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 369 1 Since since IN cord-021959-1y67126b 369 2 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 369 3 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 369 4 index index NN cord-021959-1y67126b 369 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 369 6 VWCRSP VWCRSP NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 369 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 369 8 has have VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 369 9 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 369 10 very very RB cord-021959-1y67126b 369 11 low low JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 369 12 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 369 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 369 14 0.21 0.21 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 369 15 % % NN cord-021959-1y67126b 369 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 369 17 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 369 18 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 369 19 5-year 5-year CD cord-021959-1y67126b 369 20 period period NN cord-021959-1y67126b 369 21 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 369 22 I -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 369 23 will will MD cord-021959-1y67126b 369 24 use use VB cord-021959-1y67126b 369 25 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 369 26 long long JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 369 27 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 369 28 term term NN cord-021959-1y67126b 369 29 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 369 30 premium premium NN cord-021959-1y67126b 369 31 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 369 32 5 5 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 369 33 % % NN cord-021959-1y67126b 369 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 369 35 Siegel Siegel NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 369 36 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 369 37 1998 1998 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 369 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 369 39 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 370 1 Next next RB cord-021959-1y67126b 370 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 370 3 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 370 4 using use VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 370 5 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 370 6 obtained obtain VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 370 7 regression regression NN cord-021959-1y67126b 370 8 coefficients coefficient NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 370 9 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 370 10 Table Table NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 370 11 6 6 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 370 12 .1 .1 NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 370 13 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 370 14 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 370 15 regression regression NN cord-021959-1y67126b 370 16 equations equation NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 370 17 provide provide VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 370 18 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 370 19 following follow VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 370 20 results result NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 370 21 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 370 22 As as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 370 23 it -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 370 24 can can MD cord-021959-1y67126b 370 25 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 370 26 seen see VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 370 27 from from IN cord-021959-1y67126b 370 28 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 370 29 results result NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 370 30 above above RB cord-021959-1y67126b 370 31 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 370 32 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 370 33 restaurant restaurant NN cord-021959-1y67126b 370 34 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 370 35 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 370 36 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 370 37 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 370 38 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 370 39 considerably considerably RB cord-021959-1y67126b 370 40 higher high JJR cord-021959-1y67126b 370 41 when when WRB cord-021959-1y67126b 370 42 estimated estimate VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 370 43 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 370 44 using use VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 370 45 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 370 46 FF FF NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 370 47 model model NN cord-021959-1y67126b 370 48 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 371 1 In in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 371 2 basic basic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 371 3 terms term NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 371 4 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 371 5 this this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 371 6 means mean VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 371 7 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 371 8 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 371 9 hypothetical hypothetical JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 371 10 investor investor NN cord-021959-1y67126b 371 11 will will MD cord-021959-1y67126b 371 12 expect expect VB cord-021959-1y67126b 371 13 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 371 14 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 371 15 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 371 16 18 18 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 371 17 % % NN cord-021959-1y67126b 371 18 from from IN cord-021959-1y67126b 371 19 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 371 20 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 371 21 restaurant restaurant NN cord-021959-1y67126b 371 22 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 371 23 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 371 24 order order NN cord-021959-1y67126b 371 25 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 371 26 invest invest VB cord-021959-1y67126b 371 27 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 371 28 / / SYM cord-021959-1y67126b 371 29 her -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 371 30 funds fund NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 371 31 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 371 32 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 371 33 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 371 34 restaurant restaurant NN cord-021959-1y67126b 371 35 portfolio portfolio NN cord-021959-1y67126b 371 36 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 372 1 However however RB cord-021959-1y67126b 372 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 372 3 if if IN cord-021959-1y67126b 372 4 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 372 5 restaurant restaurant NN cord-021959-1y67126b 372 6 executive executive NN cord-021959-1y67126b 372 7 believes believe VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 372 8 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 372 9 18 18 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 372 10 % % NN cord-021959-1y67126b 372 11 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 372 12 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 372 13 fairly fairly RB cord-021959-1y67126b 372 14 high high JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 372 15 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 372 16 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 372 17 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 372 18 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 372 19 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 372 20 / / SYM cord-021959-1y67126b 372 21 her -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 372 22 restaurant restaurant NN cord-021959-1y67126b 372 23 company company NN cord-021959-1y67126b 372 24 does do VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 372 25 not not RB cord-021959-1y67126b 372 26 have have VB cord-021959-1y67126b 372 27 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 372 28 same same JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 372 29 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 372 30 profile profile NN cord-021959-1y67126b 372 31 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 372 32 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 372 33 overall overall JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 372 34 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 372 35 restaurant restaurant NN cord-021959-1y67126b 372 36 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 372 37 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 372 38 he -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 372 39 / / SYM cord-021959-1y67126b 372 40 she -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 372 41 may may MD cord-021959-1y67126b 372 42 elect elect VB cord-021959-1y67126b 372 43 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 372 44 use use VB cord-021959-1y67126b 372 45 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 372 46 average average NN cord-021959-1y67126b 372 47 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 372 48 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 372 49 CAPM CAPM NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 372 50 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 372 51 FF FF NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 372 52 estimates estimate NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 372 53 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 372 54 which which WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 372 55 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 372 56 around around RB cord-021959-1y67126b 372 57 12 12 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 372 58 % % NN cord-021959-1y67126b 372 59 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 373 1 Next next RB cord-021959-1y67126b 373 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 373 3 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 373 4 restaurant restaurant NN cord-021959-1y67126b 373 5 executive executive NN cord-021959-1y67126b 373 6 may may MD cord-021959-1y67126b 373 7 adjust adjust VB cord-021959-1y67126b 373 8 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 373 9 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 373 10 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 373 11 his/ his/ ADD cord-021959-1y67126b 373 12 her -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 373 13 firm firm NN cord-021959-1y67126b 373 14 's 's POS cord-021959-1y67126b 373 15 project project NN cord-021959-1y67126b 373 16 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 373 17 considering consider VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 373 18 whether whether IN cord-021959-1y67126b 373 19 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 373 20 project project NN cord-021959-1y67126b 373 21 will will MD cord-021959-1y67126b 373 22 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 373 23 riskier risky JJR cord-021959-1y67126b 373 24 than than IN cord-021959-1y67126b 373 25 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 373 26 restaurant restaurant NN cord-021959-1y67126b 373 27 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 373 28 's 's POS cord-021959-1y67126b 373 29 expected expect VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 373 30 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 373 31 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 374 1 Here here RB cord-021959-1y67126b 374 2 one one PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 374 3 should should MD cord-021959-1y67126b 374 4 consider consider VB cord-021959-1y67126b 374 5 factors factor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 374 6 such such JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 374 7 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 374 8 competition competition NN cord-021959-1y67126b 374 9 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 374 10 life life NN cord-021959-1y67126b 374 11 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 374 12 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 374 13 project project NN cord-021959-1y67126b 374 14 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 374 15 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 374 16 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 374 17 events event NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 374 18 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 374 19 may may MD cord-021959-1y67126b 374 20 have have VB cord-021959-1y67126b 374 21 an an DT cord-021959-1y67126b 374 22 impact impact NN cord-021959-1y67126b 374 23 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 374 24 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 374 25 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 374 26 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 374 27 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 374 28 project project NN cord-021959-1y67126b 374 29 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 374 30 influencing influence VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 374 31 forces force NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 374 32 driving drive VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 374 33 change change NN cord-021959-1y67126b 374 34 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 374 35 firm firm NN cord-021959-1y67126b 374 36 's 's POS cord-021959-1y67126b 374 37 external external JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 374 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 374 39 e.g. e.g. RB cord-021959-1y67126b 374 40 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 374 41 economic economic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 374 42 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 374 43 political political JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 374 44 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 374 45 technological technological JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 374 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 374 47 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 374 48 internal internal JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 374 49 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 374 50 e.g. e.g. RB cord-021959-1y67126b 374 51 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 374 52 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 374 53 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 374 54 local local JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 374 55 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 374 56 environment environment NN cord-021959-1y67126b 374 57 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 375 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 375 2 next next JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 375 3 step step NN cord-021959-1y67126b 375 4 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 375 5 estimating estimate VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 375 6 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 375 7 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 375 8 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 375 9 capital capital NN cord-021959-1y67126b 375 10 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 375 11 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 375 12 estimate estimate VB cord-021959-1y67126b 375 13 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 375 14 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 375 15 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 375 16 debt debt NN cord-021959-1y67126b 375 17 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 376 1 Unlike unlike IN cord-021959-1y67126b 376 2 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 376 3 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 376 4 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 376 5 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 376 6 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 376 7 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 376 8 debt debt NN cord-021959-1y67126b 376 9 does do VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 376 10 not not RB cord-021959-1y67126b 376 11 require require VB cord-021959-1y67126b 376 12 consideration consideration NN cord-021959-1y67126b 376 13 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 376 14 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 376 15 average average JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 376 16 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 376 17 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 376 18 debt debt NN cord-021959-1y67126b 376 19 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 376 20 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 376 21 hospitality hospitality NN cord-021959-1y67126b 376 22 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 376 23 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 377 1 This this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 377 2 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 377 3 because because IN cord-021959-1y67126b 377 4 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 377 5 simple simple JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 377 6 terms term NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 377 7 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 377 8 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 377 9 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 377 10 debt debt NN cord-021959-1y67126b 377 11 denotes denote VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 377 12 an an DT cord-021959-1y67126b 377 13 interest interest NN cord-021959-1y67126b 377 14 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 377 15 at at IN cord-021959-1y67126b 377 16 which which WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 377 17 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 377 18 given give VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 377 19 company company NN cord-021959-1y67126b 377 20 can can MD cord-021959-1y67126b 377 21 borrow borrow VB cord-021959-1y67126b 377 22 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 378 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-021959-1y67126b 378 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 378 3 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 378 4 given give VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 378 5 company company NN cord-021959-1y67126b 378 6 can can MD cord-021959-1y67126b 378 7 calculate calculate VB cord-021959-1y67126b 378 8 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 378 9 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 378 10 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 378 11 debt debt NN cord-021959-1y67126b 378 12 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 378 13 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 378 14 given give VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 378 15 project project NN cord-021959-1y67126b 378 16 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 378 17 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 378 18 relatively relatively RB cord-021959-1y67126b 378 19 simple simple JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 378 20 manner manner NN cord-021959-1y67126b 378 21 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 379 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 379 2 situation situation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 379 3 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 379 4 little little RB cord-021959-1y67126b 379 5 more more RBR cord-021959-1y67126b 379 6 complex complex JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 379 7 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 379 8 cases case NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 379 9 when when WRB cord-021959-1y67126b 379 10 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 379 11 corporation corporation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 379 12 has have VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 379 13 multiple multiple JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 379 14 projects project NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 379 15 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 379 16 invest invest VB cord-021959-1y67126b 379 17 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 379 18 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 379 19 has have VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 379 20 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 379 21 estimate estimate VB cord-021959-1y67126b 379 22 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 379 23 corporate corporate JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 379 24 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 379 25 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 379 26 debt debt NN cord-021959-1y67126b 379 27 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 380 1 This this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 380 2 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 380 3 because because IN cord-021959-1y67126b 380 4 some some DT cord-021959-1y67126b 380 5 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 380 6 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 380 7 projects project NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 380 8 may may MD cord-021959-1y67126b 380 9 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 380 10 expansion expansion NN cord-021959-1y67126b 380 11 projects project NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 380 12 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 380 13 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 380 14 already already RB cord-021959-1y67126b 380 15 financed finance VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 380 16 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 380 17 loans loan NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 380 18 obtained obtain VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 380 19 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 380 20 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 380 21 past past NN cord-021959-1y67126b 380 22 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 381 1 Consequently consequently RB cord-021959-1y67126b 381 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 381 3 executives executive NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 381 4 need need VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 381 5 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 381 6 average average VB cord-021959-1y67126b 381 7 out out RP cord-021959-1y67126b 381 8 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 381 9 interest interest NN cord-021959-1y67126b 381 10 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 381 11 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 381 12 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 381 13 outstanding outstanding JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 381 14 debt debt NN cord-021959-1y67126b 381 15 related relate VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 381 16 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 381 17 this this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 381 18 project project NN cord-021959-1y67126b 381 19 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 381 20 also also RB cord-021959-1y67126b 381 21 consider consider VB cord-021959-1y67126b 381 22 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 381 23 interest interest NN cord-021959-1y67126b 381 24 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 381 25 at at IN cord-021959-1y67126b 381 26 which which WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 381 27 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 381 28 company company NN cord-021959-1y67126b 381 29 can can MD cord-021959-1y67126b 381 30 borrow borrow VB cord-021959-1y67126b 381 31 new new JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 381 32 funds fund NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 381 33 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 382 1 In in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 382 2 this this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 382 3 particular particular JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 382 4 example example NN cord-021959-1y67126b 382 5 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 382 6 we -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 382 7 will will MD cord-021959-1y67126b 382 8 assume assume VB cord-021959-1y67126b 382 9 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 382 10 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 382 11 hypothetical hypothetical JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 382 12 company company NN cord-021959-1y67126b 382 13 plans plan VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 382 14 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 382 15 issue issue VB cord-021959-1y67126b 382 16 bonds bond NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 382 17 which which WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 382 18 mature mature VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 382 19 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 382 20 10 10 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 382 21 years year NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 382 22 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 382 23 will will MD cord-021959-1y67126b 382 24 also also RB cord-021959-1y67126b 382 25 secure secure VB cord-021959-1y67126b 382 26 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 382 27 10-year 10-year CD cord-021959-1y67126b 382 28 loan loan NN cord-021959-1y67126b 382 29 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 382 30 finance finance VB cord-021959-1y67126b 382 31 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 382 32 portion portion NN cord-021959-1y67126b 382 33 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 382 34 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 382 35 project project NN cord-021959-1y67126b 382 36 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 383 1 In in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 383 2 this this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 383 3 scenario scenario NN cord-021959-1y67126b 383 4 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 383 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 383 6 assume assume VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 383 7 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 383 8 both both CC cord-021959-1y67126b 383 9 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 383 10 bond bond NN cord-021959-1y67126b 383 11 issuance issuance NN cord-021959-1y67126b 383 12 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 383 13 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 383 14 loan loan NN cord-021959-1y67126b 383 15 will will MD cord-021959-1y67126b 383 16 have have VB cord-021959-1y67126b 383 17 equal equal JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 383 18 contribution contribution NN cord-021959-1y67126b 383 19 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 383 20 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 383 21 funding funding NN cord-021959-1y67126b 383 22 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 383 23 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 383 24 project project NN cord-021959-1y67126b 383 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 383 26 e.g. e.g. RB cord-021959-1y67126b 383 27 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 383 28 50 50 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 383 29 % % NN cord-021959-1y67126b 383 30 each each DT cord-021959-1y67126b 383 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 383 32 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 384 1 Let let VB cord-021959-1y67126b 384 2 us -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 384 3 assume assume VB cord-021959-1y67126b 384 4 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 384 5 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 384 6 hypothetical hypothetical JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 384 7 company company NN cord-021959-1y67126b 384 8 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 384 9 this this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 384 10 example example NN cord-021959-1y67126b 384 11 issues issue VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 384 12 10-year 10-year CD cord-021959-1y67126b 384 13 bonds bond NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 384 14 whose whose WP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 384 15 expected expect VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 384 16 yield yield NN cord-021959-1y67126b 384 17 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 384 18 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 384 19 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 384 20 maturity maturity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 384 21 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 384 22 8 8 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 384 23 % % NN cord-021959-1y67126b 384 24 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 385 1 This this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 385 2 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 385 3 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 385 4 assumed assume VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 385 5 based base VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 385 6 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 385 7 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 385 8 present present JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 385 9 bond bond NN cord-021959-1y67126b 385 10 rating rating NN cord-021959-1y67126b 385 11 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 385 12 this this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 385 13 company company NN cord-021959-1y67126b 385 14 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 386 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 386 2 also also RB cord-021959-1y67126b 386 3 assume assume VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 386 4 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 386 5 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 386 6 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 386 7 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 386 8 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 386 9 10-year 10-year CD cord-021959-1y67126b 386 10 bank bank NN cord-021959-1y67126b 386 11 loan loan NN cord-021959-1y67126b 386 12 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 386 13 7 7 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 386 14 % % NN cord-021959-1y67126b 386 15 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 386 16 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 386 17 corporate corporate JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 386 18 tax tax NN cord-021959-1y67126b 386 19 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 386 20 38 38 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 386 21 % % NN cord-021959-1y67126b 386 22 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 387 1 Thus thus RB cord-021959-1y67126b 387 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 387 3 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 387 4 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 387 5 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 387 6 debt debt NN cord-021959-1y67126b 387 7 can can MD cord-021959-1y67126b 387 8 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 387 9 calculated calculate VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 387 10 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 387 11 follows follow VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 387 12 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 387 13 _SP cord-021959-1y67126b 387 14 Before before IN cord-021959-1y67126b 387 15 entering enter VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 387 16 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 387 17 values value NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 387 18 from from IN cord-021959-1y67126b 387 19 previous previous JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 387 20 sections section NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 387 21 we -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 387 22 assume assume VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 387 23 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 387 24 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 387 25 current current JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 387 26 project project NN cord-021959-1y67126b 387 27 will will MD cord-021959-1y67126b 387 28 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 387 29 financed finance VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 387 30 with with IN cord-021959-1y67126b 387 31 60 60 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 387 32 % % NN cord-021959-1y67126b 387 33 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 387 34 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 387 35 40 40 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 387 36 % % NN cord-021959-1y67126b 387 37 debt debt NN cord-021959-1y67126b 387 38 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 388 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 388 2 use use VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 388 3 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 388 4 average average JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 388 5 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 388 6 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 388 7 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 388 8 estimate estimate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 388 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 388 10 12.25 12.25 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 388 11 % % NN cord-021959-1y67126b 388 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 388 13 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 388 14 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 388 15 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 388 16 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 388 17 debt debt NN cord-021959-1y67126b 388 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 388 19 4.65 4.65 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 388 20 % % NN cord-021959-1y67126b 388 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 389 1 we -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 389 2 obtained obtain VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 389 3 before before RB cord-021959-1y67126b 389 4 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 390 1 Consequently consequently RB cord-021959-1y67126b 390 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 390 3 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 390 4 weighted weighted JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 390 5 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 390 6 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 390 7 capital capital NN cord-021959-1y67126b 390 8 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 390 9 this this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 390 10 project project NN cord-021959-1y67126b 390 11 can can MD cord-021959-1y67126b 390 12 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 390 13 calculated calculate VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 390 14 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 390 15 follows follow VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 390 16 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 390 17 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 391 1 % % NN cord-021959-1y67126b 391 2 12 12 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 391 3 25 25 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 391 4 0 0 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 391 5 6 6 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 391 6 4 4 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 391 7 65 65 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 391 8 0 0 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 391 9 4 4 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 391 10 7 7 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 391 11 5 5 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 391 12 2 2 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 391 13 16 16 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 391 14 9 9 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 391 15 68 68 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 392 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 392 2 should should MD cord-021959-1y67126b 392 3 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 392 4 noted note VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 392 5 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 392 6 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 392 7 executive executive NN cord-021959-1y67126b 392 8 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 392 9 this this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 392 10 hypothetical hypothetical JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 392 11 firm firm NN cord-021959-1y67126b 392 12 needs need VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 392 13 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 392 14 make make VB cord-021959-1y67126b 392 15 adjustments adjustment NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 392 16 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 392 17 this this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 392 18 project project NN cord-021959-1y67126b 392 19 if if IN cord-021959-1y67126b 392 20 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 392 21 project project NN cord-021959-1y67126b 392 22 carries carry VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 392 23 any any DT cord-021959-1y67126b 392 24 specific specific JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 392 25 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 392 26 such such JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 392 27 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 392 28 political political JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 392 29 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 392 30 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 392 31 divisional divisional JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 392 32 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 392 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 392 34 if if IN cord-021959-1y67126b 392 35 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 392 36 firm firm NN cord-021959-1y67126b 392 37 has have VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 392 38 multiple multiple JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 392 39 divisions division NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 392 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 392 41 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 392 42 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 392 43 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 392 44 early early JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 392 45 termination termination NN cord-021959-1y67126b 392 46 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 392 47 stiff stiff JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 392 48 competition competition NN cord-021959-1y67126b 392 49 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 392 50 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 392 51 so so RB cord-021959-1y67126b 392 52 on on RB cord-021959-1y67126b 392 53 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 393 1 This this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 393 2 section section NN cord-021959-1y67126b 393 3 considers consider VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 393 4 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 393 5 case case NN cord-021959-1y67126b 393 6 when when WRB cord-021959-1y67126b 393 7 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 393 8 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 393 9 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 393 10 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 393 11 needs need NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 393 12 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 393 13 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 393 14 estimated estimate VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 393 15 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 393 16 an an DT cord-021959-1y67126b 393 17 international international JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 393 18 project project NN cord-021959-1y67126b 393 19 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 394 1 Here here RB cord-021959-1y67126b 394 2 I -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 394 3 use use VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 394 4 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 394 5 hypothetical hypothetical JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 394 6 scenario scenario NN cord-021959-1y67126b 394 7 where where WRB cord-021959-1y67126b 394 8 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 394 9 Thai Thai NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 394 10 investor investor NN cord-021959-1y67126b 394 11 plans plan NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 394 12 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 394 13 make make VB cord-021959-1y67126b 394 14 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 394 15 hotel hotel NN cord-021959-1y67126b 395 1 In in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 395 2 line line NN cord-021959-1y67126b 395 3 with with IN cord-021959-1y67126b 395 4 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 395 5 suggestions suggestion NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 395 6 made make VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 395 7 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 395 8 Annin Annin NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 395 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 395 10 1997 1997 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 395 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 395 12 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 395 13 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 395 14 Barad Barad NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 395 15 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 395 16 McDowell McDowell NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 395 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 395 18 2002 2002 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 395 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 395 20 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 395 21 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 395 22 minimum minimum NN cord-021959-1y67126b 395 23 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 395 24 36 36 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 395 25 months month NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 395 26 ' ' POS cord-021959-1y67126b 395 27 stock stock NN cord-021959-1y67126b 395 28 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 395 29 trading trading NN cord-021959-1y67126b 395 30 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 395 31 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 395 32 criterion criterion NN cord-021959-1y67126b 395 33 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 395 34 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 395 35 hospitality hospitality NN cord-021959-1y67126b 395 36 firm firm NN cord-021959-1y67126b 395 37 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 395 38 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 395 39 included include VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 395 40 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 395 41 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 395 42 Turkish Turkish NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 395 43 Tourism Tourism NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 395 44 Index Index NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 395 45 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 396 1 In in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 396 2 addition addition NN cord-021959-1y67126b 396 3 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 396 4 CRSPWV CRSPWV NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 396 5 Index Index NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 396 6 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 396 7 used use VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 396 8 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 396 9 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 396 10 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 396 11 portfolio portfolio NN cord-021959-1y67126b 396 12 index index NN cord-021959-1y67126b 396 13 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 396 14 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 396 15 United United NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 396 16 States States NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 396 17 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 397 1 This this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 397 2 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 397 3 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 397 4 congruence congruence NN cord-021959-1y67126b 397 5 with with IN cord-021959-1y67126b 397 6 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 397 7 previous previous JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 397 8 seminal seminal JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 397 9 studies study NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 397 10 related relate VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 397 11 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 397 12 asset asset NN cord-021959-1y67126b 397 13 pricing pricing NN cord-021959-1y67126b 397 14 models model NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 397 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 397 16 Fama Fama NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 397 17 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 397 18 French French NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 397 19 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 397 20 1992 1992 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 397 21 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 397 22 1997 1997 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 397 23 Jaganathan Jaganathan NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 397 24 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 397 25 Wang Wang NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 397 26 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 397 27 1996 1996 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 397 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 397 29 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 398 1 However however RB cord-021959-1y67126b 398 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 398 3 IMKB IMKB NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 398 4 Ulusal Ulusal NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 398 5 100 100 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 398 6 Index Index NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 398 7 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 398 8 utilized utilize VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 398 9 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 398 10 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 398 11 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 398 12 portfolio portfolio NN cord-021959-1y67126b 398 13 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 398 14 Turkey Turkey NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 398 15 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 399 1 β β NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 399 2 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 399 3 computed compute VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 399 4 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 399 5 regressing regress VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 399 6 excess excess JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 399 7 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 399 8 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 399 9 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 399 10 Four Four NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 399 11 Seasons Seasons NNPS cord-021959-1y67126b 399 12 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 399 13 Turkish Turkish NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 399 14 Tourism Tourism NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 399 15 Index Index NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 399 16 over over IN cord-021959-1y67126b 399 17 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 399 18 excess excess JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 399 19 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 399 20 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 399 21 ; ; : cord-021959-1y67126b 399 22 therefore therefore RB cord-021959-1y67126b 399 23 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 399 24 both both DT cord-021959-1y67126b 399 25 variables variable NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 399 26 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 399 27 analysed analyse VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 399 28 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 399 29 real real JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 399 30 units unit NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 399 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 399 32 e.g. e.g. RB cord-021959-1y67126b 399 33 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 399 34 after after IN cord-021959-1y67126b 399 35 subtracting subtract VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 399 36 inflation inflation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 399 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 399 38 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 400 1 Excess excess JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 400 2 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 400 3 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 400 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 400 5 MRP MRP NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 400 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 400 7 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 400 8 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 400 9 United United NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 400 10 States States NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 400 11 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 400 12 computed compute VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 400 13 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 400 14 subtracting subtract VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 400 15 1-month 1-month CD cord-021959-1y67126b 400 16 TB TB NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 400 17 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 400 18 from from IN cord-021959-1y67126b 400 19 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 400 20 monthly monthly JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 400 21 VWCRSP VWCRSP NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 400 22 Index Index NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 400 23 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 400 24 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 401 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 401 2 MRP MRP NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 401 3 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 401 4 Turkey Turkey NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 401 5 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 401 6 calculated calculate VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 401 7 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 401 8 subtracting subtract VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 401 9 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 401 10 Turkish turkish JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 401 11 Government Government NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 401 12 's 's POS cord-021959-1y67126b 401 13 TB TB NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 401 14 from from IN cord-021959-1y67126b 401 15 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 401 16 monthly monthly JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 401 17 ISE ISE NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 401 18 Ulusal Ulusal NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 401 19 100 100 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 401 20 Index Index NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 401 21 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 401 22 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 402 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 402 2 data datum NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 402 3 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 402 4 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 402 5 five five CD cord-021959-1y67126b 402 6 APT apt JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 402 7 variables variable NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 402 8 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 402 9 obtained obtain VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 402 10 from from IN cord-021959-1y67126b 402 11 Global Global NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 402 12 Insight Insight NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 402 13 Database Database NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 402 14 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 403 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 403 2 APT apt JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 403 3 variables variable NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 403 4 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 403 5 calculated calculate VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 403 6 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 403 7 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 403 8 Chen Chen NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 403 9 et et NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 403 10 al al NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 403 11 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 404 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 404 2 1986 1986 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 404 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 404 4 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 405 1 EINF EINF NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 405 2 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 405 3 estimated estimate VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 405 4 following follow VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 405 5 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 405 6 method method NN cord-021959-1y67126b 405 7 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 405 8 Fama Fama NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 405 9 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 405 10 Gibbons Gibbons NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 405 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 405 12 1984 1984 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 405 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 405 14 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 406 1 Country country NN cord-021959-1y67126b 406 2 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 406 3 premium premium NN cord-021959-1y67126b 406 4 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 406 5 adapted adapt VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 406 6 from from IN cord-021959-1y67126b 406 7 Aswath Aswath NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 406 8 Damodaran Damodaran NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 406 9 at at IN cord-021959-1y67126b 406 10 New New NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 406 11 York York NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 406 12 University University NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 406 13 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 407 1 Damodaran damodaran JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 407 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 407 3 2006 2006 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 407 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 407 5 explains explain VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 407 6 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 407 7 estimation estimation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 407 8 procedure procedure NN cord-021959-1y67126b 407 9 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 407 10 " " `` cord-021959-1y67126b 407 11 To to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 407 12 estimate estimate VB cord-021959-1y67126b 407 13 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 407 14 long long JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 407 15 term term NN cord-021959-1y67126b 407 16 country country NN cord-021959-1y67126b 407 17 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 407 18 premium premium NN cord-021959-1y67126b 407 19 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 407 20 I -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 407 21 start start VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 407 22 with with IN cord-021959-1y67126b 407 23 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 407 24 country country NN cord-021959-1y67126b 407 25 rating rating NN cord-021959-1y67126b 407 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 407 27 from from IN cord-021959-1y67126b 407 28 Moody Moody NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 407 29 's 's POS cord-021959-1y67126b 407 30 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 407 31 www.moodys.com www.moodys.com ADD cord-021959-1y67126b 407 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 407 33 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 407 34 estimate estimate VB cord-021959-1y67126b 407 35 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 407 36 default default NN cord-021959-1y67126b 407 37 spread spread NN cord-021959-1y67126b 407 38 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 407 39 that that DT cord-021959-1y67126b 407 40 rating rating NN cord-021959-1y67126b 407 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 407 42 US US NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 407 43 corporate corporate JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 407 44 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 407 45 country country NN cord-021959-1y67126b 407 46 bonds bond NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 407 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 407 48 over over IN cord-021959-1y67126b 407 49 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 407 50 treasury treasury NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 407 51 bond bond NN cord-021959-1y67126b 407 52 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 407 53 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 408 1 This this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 408 2 becomes become VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 408 3 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 408 4 measure measure NN cord-021959-1y67126b 408 5 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 408 6 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 408 7 added add VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 408 8 country country NN cord-021959-1y67126b 408 9 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 408 10 premium premium NN cord-021959-1y67126b 408 11 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 408 12 that that DT cord-021959-1y67126b 408 13 country country NN cord-021959-1y67126b 408 14 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 409 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 409 2 add add VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 409 3 this this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 409 4 default default NN cord-021959-1y67126b 409 5 spread spread NN cord-021959-1y67126b 409 6 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 409 7 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 409 8 historical historical JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 409 9 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 409 10 premium premium NN cord-021959-1y67126b 409 11 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 409 12 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 409 13 mature mature JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 409 14 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 409 15 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 409 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 409 17 estimated estimate VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 409 18 from from IN cord-021959-1y67126b 409 19 US US NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 409 20 historical historical JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 409 21 data datum NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 409 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 409 23 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 409 24 estimate estimate VB cord-021959-1y67126b 409 25 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 409 26 total total JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 409 27 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 409 28 premium premium NN cord-021959-1y67126b 409 29 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 410 1 " " `` cord-021959-1y67126b 410 2 Both both DT cord-021959-1y67126b 410 3 direct direct JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 410 4 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 410 5 indirect indirect JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 410 6 approaches approach NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 410 7 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 410 8 used use VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 410 9 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 410 10 estimate estimate VB cord-021959-1y67126b 410 11 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 410 12 expected expect VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 410 13 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 410 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 410 15 indirect indirect JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 410 16 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 410 17 direct direct JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 410 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 410 19 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 410 20 an an DT cord-021959-1y67126b 410 21 investment investment NN cord-021959-1y67126b 410 22 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 411 1 In in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 411 2 this this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 411 3 method method NN cord-021959-1y67126b 411 4 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 411 5 I -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 411 6 first first RB cord-021959-1y67126b 411 7 compute compute VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 411 8 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 411 9 expected expect VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 411 10 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 411 11 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 411 12 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 411 13 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 411 14 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 411 15 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 411 16 stock stock NN cord-021959-1y67126b 411 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 411 18 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 411 19 this this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 411 20 case case NN cord-021959-1y67126b 411 21 Four Four NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 411 22 Seasons Seasons NNPS cord-021959-1y67126b 411 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 411 24 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 411 25 using use VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 411 26 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 411 27 average average JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 411 28 estimates estimate NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 411 29 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 411 30 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 411 31 CAPM CAPM NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 411 32 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 411 33 APT APT NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 411 34 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 412 1 Then then RB cord-021959-1y67126b 412 2 I -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 412 3 adjust adjust VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 412 4 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 412 5 country country NN cord-021959-1y67126b 412 6 risks risk NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 412 7 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 412 8 Turkey Turkey NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 412 9 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 412 10 Thailand Thailand NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 412 11 based base VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 412 12 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 412 13 Moody Moody NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 412 14 's 's POS cord-021959-1y67126b 412 15 country country NN cord-021959-1y67126b 412 16 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 412 17 ratings rating NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 412 18 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 412 19 reported report VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 412 20 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 412 21 Damodaran Damodaran NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 412 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 412 23 2006 2006 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 412 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 412 25 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 413 1 This this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 413 2 method method NN cord-021959-1y67126b 413 3 assumes assume VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 413 4 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 413 5 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 413 6 Turkish Turkish NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 413 7 Stock Stock NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 413 8 Market Market NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 413 9 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 413 10 integrated integrate VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 413 11 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 413 12 thus thus RB cord-021959-1y67126b 413 13 using use VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 413 14 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 413 15 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 413 16 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 413 17 indices index NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 413 18 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 413 19 estimate estimate VB cord-021959-1y67126b 413 20 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 413 21 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 413 22 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 413 23 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 413 24 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 413 25 Four Four NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 413 26 Seasons Seasons NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 413 27 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 413 28 equivalent equivalent JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 413 29 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 413 30 using use VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 413 31 Ulusal Ulusal NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 413 32 100 100 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 413 33 Market Market NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 413 34 Index Index NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 413 35 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 413 36 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 413 37 Turkish Turkish NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 413 38 Tourism Tourism NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 413 39 portfolio portfolio NN cord-021959-1y67126b 413 40 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 414 1 First first RB cord-021959-1y67126b 414 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 414 3 I -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 414 4 run run VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 414 5 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 414 6 regression regression NN cord-021959-1y67126b 414 7 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 414 8 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 414 9 monthly monthly JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 414 10 returns return NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 414 11 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 414 12 Four Four NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 414 13 Seasons Seasons NNPS cord-021959-1y67126b 414 14 over over IN cord-021959-1y67126b 414 15 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 414 16 CRSPVW CRSPVW NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 414 17 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 414 18 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 414 19 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 414 20 2001 2001 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 414 21 - - SYM cord-021959-1y67126b 414 22 2005 2005 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 414 23 period period NN cord-021959-1y67126b 414 24 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 415 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 415 2 results result NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 415 3 show show VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 415 4 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 415 5 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 415 6 β β NN cord-021959-1y67126b 415 7 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 415 8 Four Four NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 415 9 Seasons Seasons NNPS cord-021959-1y67126b 415 10 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 415 11 1.6 1.6 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 415 12 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 416 1 Next next RB cord-021959-1y67126b 416 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 416 3 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 416 4 5-year 5-year CD cord-021959-1y67126b 416 5 annualized annualize VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 416 6 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 416 7 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 416 8 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 416 9 CRSP CRSP NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 416 10 was be VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 416 11 calculated calculate VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 416 12 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 416 13 order order NN cord-021959-1y67126b 416 14 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 416 15 estimate estimate VB cord-021959-1y67126b 416 16 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 416 17 MRP MRP NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 416 18 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 417 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 417 2 5-year 5-year CD cord-021959-1y67126b 417 3 historical historical JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 417 4 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 417 5 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 417 6 CRSP CRSP NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 417 7 was be VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 417 8 4.3 4.3 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 417 9 % % NN cord-021959-1y67126b 417 10 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 418 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 418 2 riskfree riskfree JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 418 3 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 418 4 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 418 5 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 418 6 2001 2001 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 418 7 - - SYM cord-021959-1y67126b 418 8 2005 2005 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 418 9 period period NN cord-021959-1y67126b 418 10 was be VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 418 11 2.16 2.16 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 418 12 % % NN cord-021959-1y67126b 418 13 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 419 1 As as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 419 2 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 419 3 result result NN cord-021959-1y67126b 419 4 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 419 5 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 419 6 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 419 7 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 419 8 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 419 9 estimate estimate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 419 10 based base VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 419 11 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 419 12 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 419 13 CAPM CAPM NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 419 14 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 419 15 Four Four NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 419 16 Seasons Seasons NNPS cord-021959-1y67126b 419 17 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 419 18 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 419 19 follows follow VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 419 20 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 419 21 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 420 1 % % NN cord-021959-1y67126b 421 1 ϭ ϭ LS cord-021959-1y67126b 421 2 ϩ ϩ NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 422 1 ϫ ϫ LS cord-021959-1y67126b 423 1 Ϫ ϫ NN cord-021959-1y67126b 424 1 ϭ ϭ LS cord-021959-1y67126b 424 2 2 2 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 424 3 1 1 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 424 4 1 1 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 424 5 6 6 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 424 6 4 4 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 424 7 3 3 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 424 8 2 2 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 424 9 1 1 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 424 10 5 5 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 424 11 4 4 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 425 1 In in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 425 2 an an DT cord-021959-1y67126b 425 3 effort effort NN cord-021959-1y67126b 425 4 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 425 5 have have VB cord-021959-1y67126b 425 6 less less RBR cord-021959-1y67126b 425 7 biased biased JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 425 8 estimates estimate NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 425 9 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 425 10 I -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 425 11 also also RB cord-021959-1y67126b 425 12 use use VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 425 13 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 425 14 five five CD cord-021959-1y67126b 425 15 APT apt JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 425 16 variables variable NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 425 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 425 18 Chen Chen NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 425 19 et et NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 425 20 al al NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 425 21 . . NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 425 22 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 425 23 1986 1986 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 425 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 425 25 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 425 26 calculate calculate VB cord-021959-1y67126b 425 27 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 425 28 expected expect VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 425 29 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 425 30 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 425 31 Four Four NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 425 32 Seasons Seasons NNPS cord-021959-1y67126b 425 33 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 426 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 426 2 results result NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 426 3 reveal reveal VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 426 4 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 426 5 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 426 6 among among IN cord-021959-1y67126b 426 7 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 426 8 five five CD cord-021959-1y67126b 426 9 APT apt JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 426 10 variables variable NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 426 11 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 426 12 only only RB cord-021959-1y67126b 426 13 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 426 14 default default NN cord-021959-1y67126b 426 15 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 426 16 variable variable NN cord-021959-1y67126b 426 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 426 18 UPR UPR NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 426 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 426 20 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 426 21 significant significant JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 426 22 at at IN cord-021959-1y67126b 426 23 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 426 24 0.05 0.05 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 426 25 level level NN cord-021959-1y67126b 426 26 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 427 1 However however RB cord-021959-1y67126b 427 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 427 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 427 4 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 427 5 not not RB cord-021959-1y67126b 427 6 feasible feasible JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 427 7 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 427 8 use use VB cord-021959-1y67126b 427 9 this this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 427 10 variable variable NN cord-021959-1y67126b 427 11 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 427 12 estimate estimate VB cord-021959-1y67126b 427 13 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 427 14 expected expect VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 427 15 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 427 16 because because IN cord-021959-1y67126b 427 17 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 427 18 regression regression NN cord-021959-1y67126b 427 19 coefficient coefficient NN cord-021959-1y67126b 427 20 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 427 21 UPR UPR NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 427 22 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 427 23 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 427 24 negative negative JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 427 25 number number NN cord-021959-1y67126b 427 26 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 428 1 As as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 428 2 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 428 3 result result NN cord-021959-1y67126b 428 4 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 428 5 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 428 6 Four Four NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 428 7 Seasons Seasons NNPS cord-021959-1y67126b 428 8 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 428 9 likely likely JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 428 10 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 428 11 have have VB cord-021959-1y67126b 428 12 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 428 13 negative negative JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 428 14 expected expect VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 428 15 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 428 16 based base VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 428 17 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 428 18 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 428 19 APT APT NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 428 20 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 429 1 As as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 429 2 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 429 3 consequence consequence NN cord-021959-1y67126b 429 4 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 429 5 I -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 429 6 elect elect VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 429 7 not not RB cord-021959-1y67126b 429 8 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 429 9 use use VB cord-021959-1y67126b 429 10 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 429 11 APT apt JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 429 12 results result NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 429 13 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 429 14 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 429 15 final final JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 429 16 stage stage NN cord-021959-1y67126b 429 17 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 429 18 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 429 19 direct direct JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 429 20 approach approach NN cord-021959-1y67126b 429 21 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 429 22 since since IN cord-021959-1y67126b 429 23 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 429 24 results result NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 429 25 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 429 26 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 429 27 APT APT NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 429 28 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 429 29 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 429 30 conflict conflict NN cord-021959-1y67126b 429 31 with with IN cord-021959-1y67126b 429 32 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 429 33 contemporary contemporary JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 429 34 financial financial JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 429 35 theories theory NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 429 36 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 430 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-021959-1y67126b 430 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 430 3 I -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 430 4 use use VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 430 5 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 430 6 CAPM CAPM NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 430 7 's 's POS cord-021959-1y67126b 430 8 estimate estimate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 430 9 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 430 10 5.4 5.4 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 430 11 % % NN cord-021959-1y67126b 430 12 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 430 13 adjust adjust VB cord-021959-1y67126b 430 14 this this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 430 15 estimate estimate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 430 16 with with IN cord-021959-1y67126b 430 17 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 430 18 country country NN cord-021959-1y67126b 430 19 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 430 20 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 430 21 Turkey Turkey NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 430 22 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 430 23 Thailand Thailand NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 430 24 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 431 1 According accord VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 431 2 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 431 3 Damodaran Damodaran NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 431 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 431 5 2006 2006 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 431 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 431 7 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 431 8 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 431 9 historical historical JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 431 10 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 431 11 premium premium NN cord-021959-1y67126b 431 12 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 431 13 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 431 14 United United NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 431 15 States States NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 431 16 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 431 17 4.80 4.80 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 431 18 % % NN cord-021959-1y67126b 431 19 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 432 1 Turkey Turkey NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 432 2 's 's POS cord-021959-1y67126b 432 3 country country NN cord-021959-1y67126b 432 4 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 432 5 premium premium NN cord-021959-1y67126b 432 6 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 432 7 5.60 5.60 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 432 8 % % NN cord-021959-1y67126b 432 9 above above IN cord-021959-1y67126b 432 10 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 432 11 United United NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 432 12 States States NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 432 13 value value NN cord-021959-1y67126b 432 14 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 432 15 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 432 16 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 432 17 Thailand Thailand NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 432 18 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 432 19 1.65 1.65 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 432 20 % % NN cord-021959-1y67126b 432 21 above above IN cord-021959-1y67126b 432 22 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 432 23 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 432 24 premium premium NN cord-021959-1y67126b 432 25 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 432 26 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 432 27 United United NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 432 28 States States NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 432 29 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 433 1 This this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 433 2 denotes denote VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 433 3 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 433 4 Turkey Turkey NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 433 5 's 's POS cord-021959-1y67126b 433 6 country country NN cord-021959-1y67126b 433 7 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 433 8 premium premium NN cord-021959-1y67126b 433 9 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 433 10 3.95 3.95 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 433 11 % % NN cord-021959-1y67126b 433 12 over over IN cord-021959-1y67126b 433 13 that that DT cord-021959-1y67126b 433 14 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 433 15 Thailand Thailand NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 433 16 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 434 1 These these DT cord-021959-1y67126b 434 2 figures figure NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 434 3 result result VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 434 4 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 434 5 an an DT cord-021959-1y67126b 434 6 expected expect VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 434 7 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 434 8 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 434 9 9.35 9.35 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 434 10 % % NN cord-021959-1y67126b 434 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 434 12 5.4 5.4 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 434 13 ϩ ϩ CD cord-021959-1y67126b 434 14 3.95 3.95 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 434 15 % % NN cord-021959-1y67126b 434 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 434 17 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 434 18 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 434 19 Thai Thai NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 434 20 entrepreneur entrepreneur NN cord-021959-1y67126b 434 21 who who WP cord-021959-1y67126b 434 22 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 434 23 undertaking undertake VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 434 24 an an DT cord-021959-1y67126b 434 25 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 434 26 investment investment NN cord-021959-1y67126b 434 27 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 434 28 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 434 29 hotel hotel NN cord-021959-1y67126b 434 30 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 434 31 Turkey Turkey NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 434 32 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 435 1 In in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 435 2 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 435 3 direct direct JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 435 4 approach approach NN cord-021959-1y67126b 435 5 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 435 6 I -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 435 7 estimate estimate VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 435 8 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 435 9 nominal nominal JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 435 10 required require VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 435 11 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 435 12 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 435 13 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 435 14 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 435 15 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 435 16 portfolio portfolio NN cord-021959-1y67126b 435 17 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 435 18 Turkish turkish JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 435 19 tourism tourism NN cord-021959-1y67126b 435 20 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 435 21 hospitality hospitality NN cord-021959-1y67126b 435 22 stocks stock NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 435 23 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 436 1 As as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 436 2 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 436 3 next next JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 436 4 step step NN cord-021959-1y67126b 436 5 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 436 6 I -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 436 7 adjust adjust VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 436 8 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 436 9 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 436 10 sovereign sovereign JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 436 11 spreads spread NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 436 12 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 436 13 Turkey Turkey NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 436 14 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 436 15 Thailand Thailand NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 436 16 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 436 17 it -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 436 18 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 436 19 assumed assume VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 436 20 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 436 21 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 436 22 Thai Thai NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 436 23 investor investor NN cord-021959-1y67126b 436 24 will will MD cord-021959-1y67126b 436 25 repatriate repatriate VB cord-021959-1y67126b 436 26 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 436 27 returns return NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 436 28 from from IN cord-021959-1y67126b 436 29 an an DT cord-021959-1y67126b 436 30 investment investment NN cord-021959-1y67126b 436 31 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 436 32 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 436 33 / / SYM cord-021959-1y67126b 436 34 her -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 436 35 home home NN cord-021959-1y67126b 436 36 country country NN cord-021959-1y67126b 436 37 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 437 1 In in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 437 2 this this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 437 3 method method NN cord-021959-1y67126b 437 4 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 437 5 I -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 437 6 regress regress VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 437 7 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 437 8 monthly monthly JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 437 9 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 437 10 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 437 11 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 437 12 Turkish Turkish NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 437 13 Tourism Tourism NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 437 14 Index Index NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 437 15 over over IN cord-021959-1y67126b 437 16 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 437 17 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 437 18 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 437 19 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 437 20 ISE ISE NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 437 21 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 438 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 438 2 β β NN cord-021959-1y67126b 438 3 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 438 4 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 438 5 Tourism Tourism NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 438 6 Index Index NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 438 7 was be VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 438 8 merely merely RB cord-021959-1y67126b 438 9 0.17 0.17 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 438 10 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 439 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 439 2 5-year 5-year CD cord-021959-1y67126b 439 3 average average NN cord-021959-1y67126b 439 4 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 439 5 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 439 6 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 439 7 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 439 8 free free JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 439 9 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 439 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 439 11 Turkish turkish JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 439 12 government government NN cord-021959-1y67126b 439 13 's 's POS cord-021959-1y67126b 439 14 TB TB NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 439 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 439 16 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 439 17 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 439 18 2001 2001 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 439 19 - - SYM cord-021959-1y67126b 439 20 2005 2005 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 439 21 period period NN cord-021959-1y67126b 439 22 was be VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 439 23 46.4 46.4 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 439 24 % % NN cord-021959-1y67126b 439 25 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 440 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 440 2 annualized annualize VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 440 3 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 440 4 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 440 5 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 440 6 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 440 7 index index NN cord-021959-1y67126b 440 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 440 9 ISE ISE NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 440 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 440 11 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 440 12 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 440 13 2001 2001 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 440 14 - - SYM cord-021959-1y67126b 440 15 2005 2005 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 440 16 period period NN cord-021959-1y67126b 440 17 was be VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 440 18 37.7 37.7 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 440 19 % % NN cord-021959-1y67126b 440 20 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 441 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 441 2 expected expect VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 441 3 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 441 4 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 441 5 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 441 6 tourism tourism NN cord-021959-1y67126b 441 7 portfolio portfolio NN cord-021959-1y67126b 441 8 was be VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 441 9 calculated calculate VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 441 10 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 441 11 applying apply VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 441 12 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 441 13 CAPM CAPM NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 441 14 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 441 15 it -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 441 16 provided provide VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 441 17 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 441 18 following follow VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 441 19 results result NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 441 20 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 441 21 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 442 1 % % NN cord-021959-1y67126b 443 1 ϭ ϭ LS cord-021959-1y67126b 444 1 ϩ ϩ LS cord-021959-1y67126b 445 1 ϫ ϫ LS cord-021959-1y67126b 446 1 Ϫ ϫ NN cord-021959-1y67126b 447 1 ϭ ϭ LS cord-021959-1y67126b 447 2 ϩ ϩ NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 448 1 ϭ ϭ LS cord-021959-1y67126b 448 2 37 37 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 448 3 7 7 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 448 4 0 0 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 448 5 17 17 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 449 1 46 46 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 449 2 4 4 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 449 3 37 37 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 449 4 7 7 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 450 1 37 37 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 450 2 7 7 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 450 3 1 1 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 450 4 5 5 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 450 5 39 39 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 450 6 2 2 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 451 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 451 2 next next JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 451 3 step step NN cord-021959-1y67126b 451 4 entails entail VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 451 5 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 451 6 addition addition NN cord-021959-1y67126b 451 7 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 451 8 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 451 9 sovereign sovereign JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 451 10 spread spread NN cord-021959-1y67126b 451 11 between between IN cord-021959-1y67126b 451 12 Thailand Thailand NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 451 13 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 451 14 Turkey Turkey NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 451 15 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 451 16 arrive arrive VB cord-021959-1y67126b 451 17 at at IN cord-021959-1y67126b 451 18 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 451 19 estimate estimate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 451 20 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 451 21 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 451 22 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 451 23 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 451 24 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 451 25 capital capital NN cord-021959-1y67126b 451 26 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 451 27 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 451 28 Thai Thai NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 451 29 investor investor NN cord-021959-1y67126b 451 30 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 452 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 452 2 sovereign sovereign JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 452 3 spreads spread NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 452 4 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 452 5 obtained obtain VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 452 6 from from IN cord-021959-1y67126b 452 7 Fuentes Fuentes NNPS cord-021959-1y67126b 452 8 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 452 9 Godoy Godoy NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 452 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 452 11 2005 2005 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 452 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 452 13 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 453 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 453 2 spread spread NN cord-021959-1y67126b 453 3 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 453 4 Turkey Turkey NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 453 5 was be VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 453 6 11.875 11.875 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 453 7 % % NN cord-021959-1y67126b 453 8 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 453 9 that that DT cord-021959-1y67126b 453 10 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 453 11 Thailand Thailand NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 453 12 7.750 7.750 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 453 13 % % NN cord-021959-1y67126b 453 14 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 454 1 Based base VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 454 2 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 454 3 these these DT cord-021959-1y67126b 454 4 figures figure NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 454 5 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 454 6 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 454 7 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 454 8 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 454 9 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 454 10 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 454 11 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 454 12 direct direct JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 454 13 approach approach NN cord-021959-1y67126b 454 14 was be VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 454 15 43.3 43.3 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 454 16 % % NN cord-021959-1y67126b 454 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 454 18 39.2 39.2 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 454 19 ϩ ϩ SYM cord-021959-1y67126b 454 20 4.1 4.1 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 454 21 % % NN cord-021959-1y67126b 454 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 454 23 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 455 1 As as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 455 2 it -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 455 3 can can MD cord-021959-1y67126b 455 4 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 455 5 seen see VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 455 6 from from IN cord-021959-1y67126b 455 7 both both CC cord-021959-1y67126b 455 8 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 455 9 examples example NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 455 10 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 455 11 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 455 12 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 455 13 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 455 14 estimation estimation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 455 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 455 16 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 455 17 United United NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 455 18 States States NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 455 19 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 455 20 international international JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 455 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 455 22 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 455 23 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 455 24 expected expect VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 455 25 returns return NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 455 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 455 27 costs cost NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 455 28 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 455 29 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 455 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 455 31 varied vary VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 455 32 widely widely RB cord-021959-1y67126b 455 33 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 456 1 In in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 456 2 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 456 3 example example NN cord-021959-1y67126b 456 4 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 456 5 United United NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 456 6 States States NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 456 7 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 456 8 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 456 9 use use NN cord-021959-1y67126b 456 10 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 456 11 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 456 12 CAPM CAPM NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 456 13 resulted result VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 456 14 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 456 15 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 456 16 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 456 17 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 456 18 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 456 19 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 456 20 was be VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 456 21 fairly fairly RB cord-021959-1y67126b 456 22 low low JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 456 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 456 24 less less JJR cord-021959-1y67126b 456 25 than than IN cord-021959-1y67126b 456 26 6 6 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 456 27 % % NN cord-021959-1y67126b 456 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 456 29 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 457 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 457 2 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 457 3 worth worth JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 457 4 asking ask VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 457 5 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 457 6 would would MD cord-021959-1y67126b 457 7 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 457 8 given give VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 457 9 investor investor NN cord-021959-1y67126b 457 10 invest invest VB cord-021959-1y67126b 457 11 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 457 12 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 457 13 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 457 14 restaurant restaurant NN cord-021959-1y67126b 457 15 portfolio portfolio NN cord-021959-1y67126b 457 16 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 457 17 stocks stock NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 457 18 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 457 19 less less JJR cord-021959-1y67126b 457 20 than than IN cord-021959-1y67126b 457 21 6 6 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 457 22 % % NN cord-021959-1y67126b 457 23 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 457 24 year year NN cord-021959-1y67126b 457 25 ? ? . cord-021959-1y67126b 458 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 458 2 answer answer NN cord-021959-1y67126b 458 3 would would MD cord-021959-1y67126b 458 4 probably probably RB cord-021959-1y67126b 458 5 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 458 6 " " `` cord-021959-1y67126b 458 7 no no UH cord-021959-1y67126b 458 8 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 458 9 " " '' cord-021959-1y67126b 459 1 However however RB cord-021959-1y67126b 459 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 459 3 if if IN cord-021959-1y67126b 459 4 one one PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 459 5 elects elect VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 459 6 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 459 7 use use VB cord-021959-1y67126b 459 8 FF FF NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 459 9 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 459 10 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 459 11 main main JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 459 12 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 459 13 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 459 14 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 459 15 model model NN cord-021959-1y67126b 459 16 then then RB cord-021959-1y67126b 459 17 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 459 18 possibility possibility NN cord-021959-1y67126b 459 19 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 459 20 obtaining obtain VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 459 21 more more RBR cord-021959-1y67126b 459 22 relevant relevant JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 459 23 results result NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 459 24 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 459 25 likely likely JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 459 26 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 459 27 increase increase VB cord-021959-1y67126b 459 28 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 460 1 As as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 460 2 it -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 460 3 can can MD cord-021959-1y67126b 460 4 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 460 5 seen see VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 460 6 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 460 7 this this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 460 8 example example NN cord-021959-1y67126b 460 9 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 460 10 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 460 11 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 460 12 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 460 13 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 460 14 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 460 15 using use VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 460 16 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 460 17 FF FF NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 460 18 model model NN cord-021959-1y67126b 460 19 yielded yield VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 460 20 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 460 21 fairly fairly RB cord-021959-1y67126b 460 22 logical logical JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 460 23 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 460 24 which which WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 460 25 far far RB cord-021959-1y67126b 460 26 exceeds exceed VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 460 27 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 460 28 historical historical JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 460 29 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 460 30 premium premium NN cord-021959-1y67126b 460 31 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 460 32 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 460 33 United United NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 460 34 States States NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 460 35 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 461 1 For for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 461 2 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 461 3 international international JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 461 4 example example NN cord-021959-1y67126b 461 5 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 461 6 one one CD cord-021959-1y67126b 461 7 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 461 8 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 461 9 main main JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 461 10 reasons reason NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 461 11 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 461 12 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 461 13 stark stark JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 461 14 difference difference NN cord-021959-1y67126b 461 15 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 461 16 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 461 17 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 461 18 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 461 19 estimates estimate NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 461 20 using use VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 461 21 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 461 22 two two CD cord-021959-1y67126b 461 23 approaches approach NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 461 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 461 25 direct direct JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 461 26 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 461 27 indirect indirect JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 461 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 461 29 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 461 30 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 461 31 high high JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 461 32 historical historical JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 461 33 inflation inflation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 461 34 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 461 35 Turkey Turkey NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 461 36 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 462 1 This this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 462 2 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 462 3 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 462 4 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 462 5 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 462 6 gap gap NN cord-021959-1y67126b 462 7 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 462 8 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 462 9 TB TB NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 462 10 rates rate NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 462 11 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 462 12 this this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 462 13 country country NN cord-021959-1y67126b 462 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 462 15 82.3 82.3 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 462 16 % % NN cord-021959-1y67126b 462 17 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 462 18 2001 2001 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 462 19 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 462 20 16.3 16.3 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 462 21 % % NN cord-021959-1y67126b 462 22 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 462 23 2005 2005 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 462 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 462 25 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 463 1 Hence hence RB cord-021959-1y67126b 463 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 463 3 if if IN cord-021959-1y67126b 463 4 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 463 5 hypothetical hypothetical JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 463 6 investor investor NN cord-021959-1y67126b 463 7 elects elect VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 463 8 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 463 9 use use VB cord-021959-1y67126b 463 10 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 463 11 " " `` cord-021959-1y67126b 463 12 going go VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 463 13 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 463 14 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 463 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 463 16 16.3 16.3 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 463 17 % % NN cord-021959-1y67126b 463 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 463 19 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 463 20 2005 2005 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 463 21 then then RB cord-021959-1y67126b 463 22 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 463 23 new new JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 463 24 expected expect VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 463 25 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 463 26 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 463 27 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 463 28 Turkish Turkish NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 463 29 Tourism Tourism NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 463 30 portfolio portfolio NN cord-021959-1y67126b 463 31 would would MD cord-021959-1y67126b 463 32 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 463 33 at at IN cord-021959-1y67126b 463 34 least least JJS cord-021959-1y67126b 463 35 twice twice RB cord-021959-1y67126b 463 36 lower low JJR cord-021959-1y67126b 463 37 than than IN cord-021959-1y67126b 463 38 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 463 39 original original JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 463 40 estimate estimate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 463 41 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 463 42 43.3 43.3 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 463 43 % % NN cord-021959-1y67126b 463 44 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 464 1 Another another DT cord-021959-1y67126b 464 2 challenge challenge NN cord-021959-1y67126b 464 3 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 464 4 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 464 5 direct direct JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 464 6 approach approach NN cord-021959-1y67126b 464 7 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 464 8 international international JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 464 9 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 464 10 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 464 11 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 464 12 estimations estimation NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 464 13 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 464 14 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 464 15 low low JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 464 16 β β XX cord-021959-1y67126b 464 17 estimate estimate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 464 18 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 464 19 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 464 20 Turkish Turkish NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 464 21 Tourism Tourism NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 464 22 portfolio portfolio NN cord-021959-1y67126b 464 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 464 24 0.17 0.17 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 464 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 464 26 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 465 1 Does do VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 465 2 this this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 465 3 mean mean VB cord-021959-1y67126b 465 4 that that IN cord-021959-1y67126b 465 5 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 465 6 tourism tourism NN cord-021959-1y67126b 465 7 portfolio portfolio NN cord-021959-1y67126b 465 8 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 465 9 five five CD cord-021959-1y67126b 465 10 times time NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 465 11 less less RBR cord-021959-1y67126b 465 12 risky risky JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 465 13 than than IN cord-021959-1y67126b 465 14 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 465 15 overall overall JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 465 16 ISE ISE NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 465 17 Index Index NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 465 18 ? ? . cord-021959-1y67126b 466 1 What what WP cord-021959-1y67126b 466 2 if if IN cord-021959-1y67126b 466 3 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 466 4 real real JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 466 5 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 466 6 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 466 7 tourism tourism NN cord-021959-1y67126b 466 8 stocks stock NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 466 9 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 466 10 twice twice RB cord-021959-1y67126b 466 11 higher high JJR cord-021959-1y67126b 466 12 than than IN cord-021959-1y67126b 466 13 that that DT cord-021959-1y67126b 466 14 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 466 15 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 466 16 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 466 17 ? ? . cord-021959-1y67126b 467 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 467 2 This this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 467 3 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 467 4 quite quite RB cord-021959-1y67126b 467 5 likely likely JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 467 6 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 467 7 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 467 8 β β NN cord-021959-1y67126b 467 9 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 467 10 Four Four NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 467 11 Seasons Seasons NNPS cord-021959-1y67126b 467 12 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 467 13 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 467 14 United United NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 467 15 States States NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 467 16 was be VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 467 17 1.6 1.6 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 467 18 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 467 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 468 1 If if IN cord-021959-1y67126b 468 2 that that DT cord-021959-1y67126b 468 3 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 468 4 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 468 5 case case NN cord-021959-1y67126b 468 6 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 468 7 then then RB cord-021959-1y67126b 468 8 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 468 9 Thai Thai NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 468 10 investor investor NN cord-021959-1y67126b 468 11 needs need VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 468 12 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 468 13 require require VB cord-021959-1y67126b 468 14 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 468 15 rate rate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 468 16 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 468 17 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 468 18 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 468 19 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 468 20 more more JJR cord-021959-1y67126b 468 21 than than IN cord-021959-1y67126b 468 22 50 50 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 468 23 % % NN cord-021959-1y67126b 468 24 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 468 25 Thai thai JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 468 26 currency currency NN cord-021959-1y67126b 468 27 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 469 1 How how WRB cord-021959-1y67126b 469 2 can can MD cord-021959-1y67126b 469 3 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 469 4 investor investor NN cord-021959-1y67126b 469 5 hedge hedge VB cord-021959-1y67126b 469 6 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 469 7 investments investment NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 469 8 against against IN cord-021959-1y67126b 469 9 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 469 10 large large JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 469 11 swings swing NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 469 12 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 469 13 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 469 14 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 469 15 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 469 16 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 469 17 estimates estimate NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 469 18 ? ? . cord-021959-1y67126b 470 1 As as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 470 2 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 470 3 results result NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 470 4 indicated indicate VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 470 5 thus thus RB cord-021959-1y67126b 470 6 far far RB cord-021959-1y67126b 470 7 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 470 8 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 470 9 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 470 10 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 470 11 estimations estimation NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 470 12 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 470 13 hospitality hospitality NN cord-021959-1y67126b 470 14 investments investment NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 470 15 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 470 16 emerging emerge VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 470 17 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 470 18 developed develop VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 470 19 markets market NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 470 20 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 470 21 beset beset VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 470 22 with with IN cord-021959-1y67126b 470 23 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-021959-1y67126b 470 24 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 471 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 471 2 main main JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 471 3 shortcomings shortcoming NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 471 4 stem stem VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 471 5 from from IN cord-021959-1y67126b 471 6 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 471 7 challenge challenge NN cord-021959-1y67126b 471 8 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 471 9 applying apply VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 471 10 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 471 11 seminal seminal JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 471 12 models model NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 471 13 such such JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 471 14 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 471 15 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 471 16 CAPM CAPM NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 471 17 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 471 18 FF FF NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 471 19 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 471 20 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 471 21 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 471 22 APT APT NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 471 23 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 472 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 472 2 second second JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 472 3 set set NN cord-021959-1y67126b 472 4 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 472 5 challenges challenge NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 472 6 arises arise VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 472 7 when when WRB cord-021959-1y67126b 472 8 countries country NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 472 9 such such JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 472 10 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 472 11 Turkey Turkey NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 472 12 tend tend VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 472 13 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 472 14 have have VB cord-021959-1y67126b 472 15 high high JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 472 16 historical historical JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 472 17 rates rate NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 472 18 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 472 19 inflation inflation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 472 20 but but CC cord-021959-1y67126b 472 21 now now RB cord-021959-1y67126b 472 22 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 472 23 entering enter VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 472 24 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 472 25 more more RBR cord-021959-1y67126b 472 26 stabilized stabilized JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 472 27 period period NN cord-021959-1y67126b 472 28 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 472 29 fiscal fiscal JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 472 30 reforms reform NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 472 31 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 473 1 Thus thus RB cord-021959-1y67126b 473 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 473 3 should should MD cord-021959-1y67126b 473 4 an an DT cord-021959-1y67126b 473 5 investor investor NN cord-021959-1y67126b 473 6 use use VB cord-021959-1y67126b 473 7 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 473 8 historical historical JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 473 9 data datum NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 473 10 or or CC cord-021959-1y67126b 473 11 try try VB cord-021959-1y67126b 473 12 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 473 13 forecast forecast VB cord-021959-1y67126b 473 14 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 473 15 future future JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 473 16 interest interest NN cord-021959-1y67126b 473 17 rates rate NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 473 18 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 473 19 Turkey Turkey NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 473 20 ? ? . cord-021959-1y67126b 474 1 Although although IN cord-021959-1y67126b 474 2 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 474 3 practical practical JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 474 4 examples example NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 474 5 provided provide VBD cord-021959-1y67126b 474 6 some some DT cord-021959-1y67126b 474 7 answers answer NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 474 8 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 474 9 these these DT cord-021959-1y67126b 474 10 questions question NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 474 11 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 474 12 few few JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 474 13 more more JJR cord-021959-1y67126b 474 14 questions question NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 474 15 are be VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 474 16 left leave VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 474 17 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 474 18 future future JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 474 19 research research NN cord-021959-1y67126b 474 20 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 475 1 Hence hence RB cord-021959-1y67126b 475 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 475 3 I -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 475 4 suggest suggest VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 475 5 two two CD cord-021959-1y67126b 475 6 interim interim JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 475 7 solutions solution NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 475 8 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 475 9 this this DT cord-021959-1y67126b 475 10 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 475 11 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 475 12 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 475 13 conundrum conundrum NN cord-021959-1y67126b 475 14 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 475 15 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 475 16 emerging emerge VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 475 17 markets market NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 475 18 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 475 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 475 20 1 1 LS cord-021959-1y67126b 475 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 475 22 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 475 23 investors investor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 475 24 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 475 25 academics academic NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 475 26 should should MD cord-021959-1y67126b 475 27 either either CC cord-021959-1y67126b 475 28 solely solely RB cord-021959-1y67126b 475 29 focus focus VB cord-021959-1y67126b 475 30 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 475 31 future future JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 475 32 cash cash NN cord-021959-1y67126b 475 33 flows flow NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 475 34 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 475 35 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 475 36 project project NN cord-021959-1y67126b 475 37 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 475 38 or or CC cord-021959-1y67126b 475 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 475 40 2 2 LS cord-021959-1y67126b 475 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 475 42 use use VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 475 43 simulations simulation NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 475 44 such such JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 475 45 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 475 46 Monte Monte NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 475 47 Carlo Carlo NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 475 48 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 475 49 order order NN cord-021959-1y67126b 475 50 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 475 51 create create VB cord-021959-1y67126b 475 52 multiple multiple JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 475 53 scenarios scenario NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 475 54 that that WDT cord-021959-1y67126b 475 55 approximate approximate VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 475 56 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 475 57 investment investment NN cord-021959-1y67126b 475 58 realities reality NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 475 59 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 475 60 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 475 61 emerging emerge VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 475 62 markets market NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 475 63 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 476 1 Otherwise otherwise RB cord-021959-1y67126b 476 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 476 3 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 476 4 expected expect VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 476 5 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 476 6 remains remain VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 476 7 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 476 8 be be VB cord-021959-1y67126b 476 9 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 476 10 " " `` cord-021959-1y67126b 476 11 gut gut NN cord-021959-1y67126b 476 12 feeling feeling NN cord-021959-1y67126b 476 13 " " '' cord-021959-1y67126b 476 14 estimate estimate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 476 15 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 476 16 foreign foreign JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 476 17 investors investor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 476 18 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 476 19 emerging emerge VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 476 20 markets market NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 476 21 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 477 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 477 2 financial financial JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 477 3 information information NN cord-021959-1y67126b 477 4 content content NN cord-021959-1y67126b 477 5 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 477 6 perceived perceive VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 477 7 quality quality NN cord-021959-1y67126b 477 8 Why why WRB cord-021959-1y67126b 477 9 do do VBP cord-021959-1y67126b 477 10 firms firm NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 477 11 reduce reduce VB cord-021959-1y67126b 477 12 business business NN cord-021959-1y67126b 477 13 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 477 14 ? ? . cord-021959-1y67126b 478 1 Fama Fama NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 478 2 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 478 3 French french JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 478 4 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 478 5 small small JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 478 6 company company NN cord-021959-1y67126b 478 7 cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 478 8 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 478 9 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 478 10 calculations calculation NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 478 11 Preparations preparation NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 478 12 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 478 13 possible possible JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 478 14 attacks attack NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 478 15 gear gear VB cord-021959-1y67126b 478 16 up up RP cord-021959-1y67126b 478 17 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 478 18 New new JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 478 19 flight flight NN cord-021959-1y67126b 478 20 restrictions restriction NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 478 21 planned plan VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 478 22 around around IN cord-021959-1y67126b 478 23 Washington Washington NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 478 24 Ability Ability NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 478 25 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 478 26 moral moral JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 478 27 hazard hazard NN cord-021959-1y67126b 478 28 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 478 29 firm firm JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 478 30 size size NN cord-021959-1y67126b 478 31 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 478 32 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 478 33 diversification diversification NN cord-021959-1y67126b 478 34 Technical technical JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 478 35 analysis analysis NN cord-021959-1y67126b 478 36 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 478 37 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 478 38 size size NN cord-021959-1y67126b 478 39 premium premium NN cord-021959-1y67126b 478 40 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 479 1 Business business NN cord-021959-1y67126b 479 2 Valuation Valuation NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 479 3 Alert Alert NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 479 4 Capturing capture VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 479 5 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 479 6 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 479 7 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 479 8 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 479 9 buildup buildup NN cord-021959-1y67126b 479 10 model model NN cord-021959-1y67126b 479 11 Use use NN cord-021959-1y67126b 479 12 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 479 13 macroeconomic macroeconomic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 479 14 variables variable NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 479 15 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 479 16 evaluate evaluate VB cord-021959-1y67126b 479 17 selected select VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 479 18 hospitality hospitality NN cord-021959-1y67126b 479 19 stock stock NN cord-021959-1y67126b 479 20 returns return NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 479 21 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 479 22 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 479 23 U U NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 479 24 Brand Brand NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 479 25 values value NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 479 26 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 479 27 capital capital NN cord-021959-1y67126b 479 28 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 479 29 valuation valuation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 479 30 Research Research NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 479 31 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 479 32 emerging emerge VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 479 33 markets market NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 479 34 finance finance NN cord-021959-1y67126b 479 35 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 479 36 looking look VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 479 37 into into IN cord-021959-1y67126b 479 38 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 479 39 future future JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 479 40 Modern modern JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 479 41 financial financial JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 479 42 theory theory NN cord-021959-1y67126b 479 43 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 479 44 corporate corporate JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 479 45 strategy strategy NN cord-021959-1y67126b 479 46 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 479 47 public public JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 479 48 policy policy NN cord-021959-1y67126b 479 49 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 479 50 Three three CD cord-021959-1y67126b 479 51 conundrums conundrum NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 479 52 Economic Economic NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 479 53 Value Value NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 479 54 Management Management NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 479 55 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 479 56 Applications application NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 479 57 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 479 58 Techniques technique NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 480 1 What what WP cord-021959-1y67126b 480 2 is be VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 480 3 your -PRON- PRP$ cord-021959-1y67126b 480 4 IRR IRR NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 480 5 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 480 6 human human JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 480 7 capital capital NN cord-021959-1y67126b 480 8 ? ? . cord-021959-1y67126b 481 1 Towards towards IN cord-021959-1y67126b 481 2 a a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 481 3 strategic strategic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 481 4 theory theory NN cord-021959-1y67126b 481 5 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 481 6 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 481 7 premium premium NN cord-021959-1y67126b 481 8 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 481 9 Moving move VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 481 10 beyond beyond IN cord-021959-1y67126b 481 11 CAPM CAPM NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 482 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 482 2 impact impact NN cord-021959-1y67126b 482 3 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 482 4 macroeconomic macroeconomic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 482 5 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 482 6 non non JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 482 7 - - JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 482 8 macroeconomic macroeconomic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 482 9 forces force NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 482 10 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 482 11 hotel hotel NN cord-021959-1y67126b 482 12 stock stock NN cord-021959-1y67126b 482 13 returns return VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 482 14 Economic economic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 482 15 forces force NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 482 16 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 482 17 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 482 18 stock stock NN cord-021959-1y67126b 482 19 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 483 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 483 2 Restaurant Restaurant NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 483 3 Industry Industry NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 483 4 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 483 5 Business Business NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 483 6 Cycles Cycles NNPS cord-021959-1y67126b 483 7 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 483 8 Strategies Strategies NNPS cord-021959-1y67126b 483 9 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 483 10 Financial Financial NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 483 11 Practices Practices NNPS cord-021959-1y67126b 483 12 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 483 13 Economic Economic NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 483 14 Indicators Indicators NNPS cord-021959-1y67126b 483 15 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 483 16 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 483 17 Forecasting forecasting NN cord-021959-1y67126b 483 18 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 484 1 Unpublished unpublished JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 484 2 Dissertation dissertation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 485 1 Understanding understand VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 485 2 Information Information NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 485 3 Technology Technology NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 485 4 Investment Investment NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 485 5 Decision decision NN cord-021959-1y67126b 485 6 Making make VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 485 7 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 485 8 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 485 9 Context Context NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 485 10 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 485 11 Hotel Hotel NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 485 12 Global Global NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 485 13 Distribution Distribution NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 485 14 Systems Systems NNPS cord-021959-1y67126b 485 15 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 486 1 A a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 486 2 Multiple multiple JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 486 3 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 486 4 case case NN cord-021959-1y67126b 486 5 Study study NN cord-021959-1y67126b 486 6 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 487 1 Unpublished unpublished JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 487 2 Dissertation dissertation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 487 3 Capital Capital NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 487 4 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 487 5 equilibrium equilibrium NN cord-021959-1y67126b 487 6 with with IN cord-021959-1y67126b 487 7 transaction transaction NN cord-021959-1y67126b 487 8 costs cost VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 487 9 Valuation valuation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 487 10 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 487 11 Measuring measure VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 487 12 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 487 13 Managing manage VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 487 14 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 487 15 Value Value NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 487 16 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 487 17 Companies Companies NNPS cord-021959-1y67126b 487 18 Country Country NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 487 19 default default NN cord-021959-1y67126b 487 20 spreads spread NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 487 21 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 487 22 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 487 23 premiums premium NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 488 1 Increasing increase VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 488 2 returns return NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 488 3 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 489 1 A a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 489 2 theoretical theoretical JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 489 3 explanation explanation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 489 4 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 489 5 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 489 6 demise demise NN cord-021959-1y67126b 489 7 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 489 8 beta beta NN cord-021959-1y67126b 489 9 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 489 10 cross cross NN cord-021959-1y67126b 489 11 section section NN cord-021959-1y67126b 489 12 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 489 13 expected expect VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 489 14 stock stock NN cord-021959-1y67126b 489 15 returns return VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 489 16 Common common JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 489 17 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 489 18 factors factor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 489 19 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 489 20 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 489 21 returns return NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 489 22 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 489 23 stocks stock NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 489 24 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 489 25 bonds bond NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 489 26 Size size NN cord-021959-1y67126b 489 27 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 489 28 book book NN cord-021959-1y67126b 489 29 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 489 30 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 489 31 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 489 32 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 489 33 factors factor NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 489 34 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 489 35 earnings earning NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 489 36 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 489 37 returns return NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 489 38 Industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 489 39 costs cost NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 489 40 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 489 41 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 489 42 Risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 489 43 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 489 44 return return NN cord-021959-1y67126b 489 45 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 489 46 equilibrium equilibrium NN cord-021959-1y67126b 489 47 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 489 48 empirical empirical JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 489 49 tests test NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 490 1 A a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 490 2 comparison comparison NN cord-021959-1y67126b 490 3 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 490 4 inflation inflation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 490 5 forecasts forecast NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 490 6 Analysis Analysis NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 490 7 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 490 8 pure pure JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 490 9 play play NN cord-021959-1y67126b 490 10 technique technique NN cord-021959-1y67126b 490 11 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 490 12 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 490 13 hospitality hospitality NN cord-021959-1y67126b 490 14 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 490 15 Sovereign Sovereign NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 490 16 Spreads spread VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 490 17 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 490 18 Emerging Emerging NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 490 19 Markets market NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 490 20 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 491 1 A a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 491 2 Principal Principal NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 491 3 Components Components NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 491 4 Analysis Analysis NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 491 5 Principles Principles NNPS cord-021959-1y67126b 491 6 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 491 7 Managerial Managerial NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 491 8 Finance Finance NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 491 9 Introduction Introduction NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 491 10 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 491 11 Investment investment NN cord-021959-1y67126b 491 12 Theory theory NN cord-021959-1y67126b 491 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 491 14 Hyper Hyper NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 491 15 Textbook Textbook NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 491 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 491 17 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 492 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 492 2 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 492 3 Investment Investment NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 492 4 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 492 5 Financing financing NN cord-021959-1y67126b 492 6 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 492 7 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 492 8 Valuation Valuation NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 492 9 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 492 10 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 492 11 Corporation Corporation NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 493 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 493 2 theory theory NN cord-021959-1y67126b 493 3 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 493 4 practice practice NN cord-021959-1y67126b 493 5 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 493 6 corporate corporate JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 493 7 finance finance NN cord-021959-1y67126b 493 8 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 493 9 Evidence evidence NN cord-021959-1y67126b 493 10 from from IN cord-021959-1y67126b 493 11 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 493 12 field field NN cord-021959-1y67126b 493 13 Twelve twelve CD cord-021959-1y67126b 493 14 Ways way NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 493 15 to to TO cord-021959-1y67126b 493 16 Calculate calculate VB cord-021959-1y67126b 493 17 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 493 18 International International NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 493 19 Cost Cost NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 493 20 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 493 21 Capital Capital NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 493 22 Tax Tax NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 493 23 attributes attribute NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 493 24 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 493 25 determinants determinant NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 493 26 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 493 27 shareholder shareholder NN cord-021959-1y67126b 493 28 gains gain NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 493 29 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 493 30 corporate corporate JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 493 31 acquisitions acquisition NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 493 32 Vertical vertical JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 493 33 integration integration NN cord-021959-1y67126b 493 34 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 493 35 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 493 36 reduction reduction NN cord-021959-1y67126b 493 37 Techniques technique NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 493 38 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 493 39 Financial Financial NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 493 40 Analysis Analysis NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 493 41 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 493 42 A a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 493 43 Guide Guide NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 493 44 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 493 45 Value Value NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 493 46 Creation Creation NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 493 47 Conditional Conditional NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 493 48 CAPM CAPM NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 493 49 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 493 50 cross cross NN cord-021959-1y67126b 493 51 section section NN cord-021959-1y67126b 493 52 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 493 53 expected expected JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 493 54 returns return NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 493 55 Valuation Valuation NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 493 56 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 493 57 emerging emerge VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 493 58 markets market NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 493 59 March March NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 493 60 11 11 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 493 61 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 494 1 Safety safety NN cord-021959-1y67126b 494 2 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 494 3 security security NN cord-021959-1y67126b 494 4 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 494 5 Risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 494 6 management management NN cord-021959-1y67126b 494 7 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 494 8 threat threat NN cord-021959-1y67126b 494 9 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 494 10 terrorism terrorism NN cord-021959-1y67126b 494 11 top top JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 494 12 hoteliers hotelier NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 494 13 ' ' POS cord-021959-1y67126b 494 14 concerns concern NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 494 15 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 494 16 1991 1991 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 495 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 495 2 value value NN cord-021959-1y67126b 495 3 creation creation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 495 4 index index NN cord-021959-1y67126b 495 5 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 495 6 Quantifying quantify VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 495 7 intangible intangible JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 495 8 value value NN cord-021959-1y67126b 496 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 496 2 effects effect NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 496 3 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 496 4 management management NN cord-021959-1y67126b 496 5 buyouts buyout NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 496 6 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 496 7 operations operation NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 496 8 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 496 9 value value VB cord-021959-1y67126b 496 10 Systematic systematic JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 496 11 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 496 12 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 496 13 total total JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 496 14 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 496 15 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 496 16 size size NN cord-021959-1y67126b 496 17 as as IN cord-021959-1y67126b 496 18 determinants determinant NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 496 19 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 496 20 stock stock NN cord-021959-1y67126b 496 21 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 496 22 returns return VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 496 23 Intangibles Intangibles NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 496 24 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 496 25 Management Management NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 496 26 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 496 27 Measurement Measurement NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 496 28 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 496 29 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 496 30 Reporting report VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 496 31 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 496 32 valuation valuation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 496 33 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 496 34 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 496 35 assets asset NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 496 36 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 496 37 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 496 38 selection selection NN cord-021959-1y67126b 496 39 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 496 40 risky risky JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 496 41 investments investment NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 496 42 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 496 43 stock stock NN cord-021959-1y67126b 496 44 portfolios portfolio NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 496 45 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 496 46 capital capital NN cord-021959-1y67126b 496 47 budgets budget NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 496 48 Extending extend VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 496 49 modern modern JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 496 50 portfolio portfolio NN cord-021959-1y67126b 496 51 theory theory NN cord-021959-1y67126b 496 52 into into IN cord-021959-1y67126b 496 53 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 496 54 domain domain NN cord-021959-1y67126b 496 55 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 496 56 corporate corporate JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 496 57 diversification diversification NN cord-021959-1y67126b 496 58 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 496 59 Does do VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 496 60 it -PRON- PRP cord-021959-1y67126b 496 61 apply apply VB cord-021959-1y67126b 496 62 ? ? . cord-021959-1y67126b 497 1 Risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 497 2 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 497 3 strategy strategy NN cord-021959-1y67126b 497 4 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 497 5 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 497 6 finance finance NN cord-021959-1y67126b 497 7 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 498 1 Unifying unify VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 498 2 two two CD cord-021959-1y67126b 498 3 world world NN cord-021959-1y67126b 498 4 views view NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 498 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 498 6 Editorial editorial NN cord-021959-1y67126b 498 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-021959-1y67126b 498 8 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 499 1 Long long JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 499 2 Range Range NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 499 3 Planning Planning NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 499 4 Cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 499 5 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 499 6 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 499 7 conundrum conundrum NN cord-021959-1y67126b 499 8 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 499 9 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 499 10 lodging lodging NN cord-021959-1y67126b 499 11 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 499 12 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 500 1 A a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 500 2 conceptual conceptual JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 500 3 framework framework NN cord-021959-1y67126b 500 4 Portfolio Portfolio NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 500 5 selection selection NN cord-021959-1y67126b 500 6 Portfolio Portfolio NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 500 7 Selection Selection NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 500 8 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 500 9 Efficient efficient JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 500 10 Diversification diversification NN cord-021959-1y67126b 500 11 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 500 12 Investments Investments NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 500 13 Incentives Incentives NNPS cord-021959-1y67126b 500 14 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 500 15 diversification diversification NN cord-021959-1y67126b 500 16 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 500 17 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 500 18 structure structure NN cord-021959-1y67126b 500 19 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 500 20 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 500 21 conglomerate conglomerate NN cord-021959-1y67126b 500 22 firm firm NN cord-021959-1y67126b 500 23 Assessing assess VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 500 24 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 500 25 value value NN cord-021959-1y67126b 500 26 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 500 27 brands brand NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 501 1 A a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 501 2 Proposed propose VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 501 3 Structure Structure NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 501 4 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 501 5 Obtaining obtain VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 501 6 Human Human NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 501 7 Resource resource NN cord-021959-1y67126b 501 8 Intangible intangible JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 501 9 Value Value NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 501 10 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 501 11 Restaurant Restaurant NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 501 12 Organizations Organizations NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 502 1 Using use VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 502 2 Economic Economic NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 502 3 Value Value NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 502 4 Added add VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 502 5 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 502 6 Real real JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 502 7 Cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 502 8 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 502 9 Capital capital NN cord-021959-1y67126b 502 10 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 503 1 A a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 503 2 Business Business NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 503 3 Field Field NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 503 4 Guide Guide NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 503 5 to to IN cord-021959-1y67126b 503 6 Better Better NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 503 7 Financial Financial NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 503 8 Decisions decision NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 503 9 Into into IN cord-021959-1y67126b 503 10 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 503 11 New new JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 503 12 Millennium millennium NN cord-021959-1y67126b 503 13 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 504 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 504 2 IHA IHA NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 504 3 White White NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 504 4 Paper Paper NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 504 5 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 504 6 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 504 7 Global Global NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 504 8 Hospitality Hospitality NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 504 9 Industry Industry NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 504 10 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 504 11 Events event NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 504 12 Shaping shape VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 504 13 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 504 14 Future future NN cord-021959-1y67126b 504 15 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 504 16 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 504 17 Industry Industry NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 504 18 Global Global NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 504 19 Hotel Hotel NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 504 20 Finance Finance NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 504 21 -- -- : cord-021959-1y67126b 504 22 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 504 23 Future Future NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 504 24 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 505 1 One one CD cord-021959-1y67126b 505 2 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 505 3 day day NN cord-021959-1y67126b 505 4 program program NN cord-021959-1y67126b 505 5 co co NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 505 6 - - VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 505 7 sponsored sponsor VBN cord-021959-1y67126b 505 8 by by IN cord-021959-1y67126b 505 9 Hong Hong NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 505 10 Kong Kong NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 505 11 Shanghai Shanghai NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 505 12 Bank Bank NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 505 13 Corporation Corporation NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 505 14 , , , cord-021959-1y67126b 505 15 Deloitte Deloitte NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 505 16 & & CC cord-021959-1y67126b 505 17 Touche Touche NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 505 18 Consulting Consulting NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 505 19 Group Group NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 505 20 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 505 21 Richard Richard NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 505 22 Ellis Ellis NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 505 23 International International NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 505 24 Property Property NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 505 25 Consultants Consultants NNPS cord-021959-1y67126b 505 26 Leading lead VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 505 27 Hospitality Hospitality NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 505 28 into into IN cord-021959-1y67126b 505 29 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 505 30 Age Age NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 505 31 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 505 32 Excellence Excellence NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 505 33 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 505 34 Competition competition NN cord-021959-1y67126b 505 35 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 505 36 Vision Vision NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 505 37 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 505 38 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 505 39 Multinational Multinational NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 505 40 Hotel Hotel NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 505 41 Industry Industry NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 505 42 March March NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 505 43 11 11 CD cord-021959-1y67126b 505 44 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 506 1 Trends trend NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 506 2 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 506 3 safety safety NN cord-021959-1y67126b 506 4 & & CC cord-021959-1y67126b 506 5 security security NN cord-021959-1y67126b 506 6 . . . cord-021959-1y67126b 507 1 Hotel Hotel NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 507 2 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 507 3 Motel Motel NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 507 4 Management Management NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 507 5 Strategic Strategic NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 507 6 Management Management NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 507 7 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 507 8 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 507 9 Hospitality Hospitality NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 507 10 Industry Industry NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 507 11 Managing Managing NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 507 12 brand brand NN cord-021959-1y67126b 507 13 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 507 14 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 507 15 A a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 507 16 customer customer NN cord-021959-1y67126b 507 17 - - HYPH cord-021959-1y67126b 507 18 centric centric NN cord-021959-1y67126b 507 19 framework framework NN cord-021959-1y67126b 507 20 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 507 21 assessing assess VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 507 22 performance performance NN cord-021959-1y67126b 507 23 Model Model NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 507 24 estimates estimate VBZ cord-021959-1y67126b 507 25 financial financial JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 507 26 impact impact NN cord-021959-1y67126b 507 27 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 507 28 guest guest NN cord-021959-1y67126b 507 29 satisfaction satisfaction NN cord-021959-1y67126b 507 30 efforts effort NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 507 31 Cost cost NN cord-021959-1y67126b 507 32 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 507 33 Capital capital NN cord-021959-1y67126b 507 34 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 507 35 Estimation Estimation NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 507 36 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 507 37 Applications application NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 508 1 A a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 508 2 new new JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 508 3 empirical empirical JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 508 4 perspective perspective NN cord-021959-1y67126b 508 5 on on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 508 6 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 508 7 CAPM CAPM NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 509 1 On on IN cord-021959-1y67126b 509 2 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 509 3 cross cross JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 509 4 - - JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 509 5 sectional sectional JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 509 6 relation relation NN cord-021959-1y67126b 509 7 between between IN cord-021959-1y67126b 509 8 expected expected JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 509 9 returns return NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 509 10 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 509 11 betas beta NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 509 12 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 509 13 capital capital NN cord-021959-1y67126b 509 14 asset asset NN cord-021959-1y67126b 509 15 pricing pricing NN cord-021959-1y67126b 509 16 model model NN cord-021959-1y67126b 509 17 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 509 18 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 509 19 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 509 20 model model NN cord-021959-1y67126b 509 21 Persuasive persuasive JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 509 22 evidence evidence NN cord-021959-1y67126b 509 23 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 509 24 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 509 25 inefficiency inefficiency NN cord-021959-1y67126b 509 26 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 509 27 arbitrage arbitrage NN cord-021959-1y67126b 509 28 theory theory NN cord-021959-1y67126b 509 29 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 509 30 capital capital NN cord-021959-1y67126b 509 31 asset asset NN cord-021959-1y67126b 509 32 pricing pricing NN cord-021959-1y67126b 509 33 Technology Technology NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 509 34 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 509 35 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 509 36 importance importance NN cord-021959-1y67126b 509 37 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 509 38 technology technology NN cord-021959-1y67126b 509 39 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 509 40 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 509 41 hotel hotel NN cord-021959-1y67126b 509 42 industry industry NN cord-021959-1y67126b 509 43 Capital capital NN cord-021959-1y67126b 509 44 asset asset NN cord-021959-1y67126b 509 45 prices price NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 509 46 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 509 47 A a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 509 48 theory theory NN cord-021959-1y67126b 509 49 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 509 50 market market NN cord-021959-1y67126b 509 51 equilibrium equilibrium NN cord-021959-1y67126b 509 52 under under IN cord-021959-1y67126b 509 53 conditions condition NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 509 54 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 509 55 risk risk NN cord-021959-1y67126b 510 1 An an DT cord-021959-1y67126b 510 2 empirical empirical JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 510 3 analysis analysis NN cord-021959-1y67126b 510 4 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 510 5 anomalies anomaly NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 510 6 in in IN cord-021959-1y67126b 510 7 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 510 8 relationship relationship NN cord-021959-1y67126b 510 9 between between IN cord-021959-1y67126b 510 10 earnings earning NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 510 11 ' ' POS cord-021959-1y67126b 510 12 yield yield NN cord-021959-1y67126b 510 13 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 510 14 returns return NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 510 15 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 510 16 common common JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 510 17 stocks stock NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 510 18 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 511 1 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 511 2 case case NN cord-021959-1y67126b 511 3 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 511 4 lodging lodging NN cord-021959-1y67126b 511 5 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 511 6 hotel hotel NN cord-021959-1y67126b 511 7 firms firm NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 511 8 Stocks stock NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 511 9 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 511 10 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 511 11 long long JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 511 12 run run NN cord-021959-1y67126b 511 13 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 511 14 measurement measurement NN cord-021959-1y67126b 511 15 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 511 16 determinants determinant NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 511 17 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 511 18 brand brand NN cord-021959-1y67126b 511 19 equity equity NN cord-021959-1y67126b 511 20 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 511 21 A a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 511 22 financial financial JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 511 23 approach approach NN cord-021959-1y67126b 511 24 Corporate corporate JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 511 25 ownership ownership NN cord-021959-1y67126b 511 26 structure structure NN cord-021959-1y67126b 511 27 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 511 28 performance performance NN cord-021959-1y67126b 511 29 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 511 30 The the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 511 31 case case NN cord-021959-1y67126b 511 32 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 511 33 management management NN cord-021959-1y67126b 511 34 buyouts buyout NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 511 35 Marketbased marketbased JJ cord-021959-1y67126b 511 36 assets asset NNS cord-021959-1y67126b 511 37 and and CC cord-021959-1y67126b 511 38 shareholder shareholder NN cord-021959-1y67126b 511 39 value value NN cord-021959-1y67126b 511 40 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 511 41 A a DT cord-021959-1y67126b 511 42 framework framework NN cord-021959-1y67126b 511 43 for for IN cord-021959-1y67126b 511 44 analysis analysis NN cord-021959-1y67126b 511 45 Passing pass VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 511 46 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 511 47 Baton Baton NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 511 48 : : : cord-021959-1y67126b 511 49 Managing manage VBG cord-021959-1y67126b 511 50 the the DT cord-021959-1y67126b 511 51 Process Process NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 511 52 of of IN cord-021959-1y67126b 511 53 CEO CEO NNP cord-021959-1y67126b 511 54 Succession Succession NNP