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# ent

id: cord-001989-6gi3o5mu
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Antiplatelet Treatment for Prevention of Cerebrovascular Events in Patients With Vascular Diseases A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis


id: cord-290421-9v841ose
type: ORG
entity:
  The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters


id: cord-334480-aosmo568
type: ORG
entity:
  the Epidemiological Clinical Preventive and Therapeutic Evidence and Guidelines of Integrative Chinese Western Medicine for the Management of 2019


id: cord-334480-aosmo568
type: ORG
entity:
  Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa CDT Africa College of Health Sciences


id: cord-313056-wuo7zerg
type: ORG
entity:
  Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy Meditation for Posttraumatic Stress Systematic Review Meditation for Posttraumatic Stress Systematic Review


id: cord-013477-dzm4xi21
type: PROTEIN
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  vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF fibroblast growth factors FGFs matrix metalloproteinases MMPs


id: cord-013477-dzm4xi21
type: WORK_OF_ART
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  the Treatment of COVID 19 Infection Food Drug Administration GRAS Notice Inventory Scientific Opinion on the Re Evaluation of Curcumin


id: cord-013477-dzm4xi21
type: ORG
entity:
  Adverse Neonatal Outcomes in Women with Gestational Diabetes STRONG Study Impact of Risk Factors for Gestational Diabetes GDM


id: cord-013477-dzm4xi21
type: EVENT
entity:
  Overweight Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome A Randomized Double Blind Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial


id: cord-013477-dzm4xi21
type: EVENT
entity:
  Spinal Anesthesia Open Access Maced Dietary Curcumin Supplementation Attenuates Inflammation Hepatic Injury and Oxidative Damage


id: cord-013477-dzm4xi21
type: WORK_OF_ART
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  Placental Tissue of Premature Birth of Infected Mice Asian Pac Correction to Bisphenol A Mediated Inhibition of Hippocampal Neurogenesis


id: cord-013477-dzm4xi21
type: ORG
entity:
  Cardiovascular Disease A Systemic Review on the Antioxidant and Anti Inflammatory Effects of Resveratrol Curcumin


id: cord-013477-dzm4xi21
type: ORG
entity:
  Dietary Nitric Oxide Supplementation on Human Cardiovascular Health Analysis of Causes of Maternal Death A Systematic Review Disruption of Placental Homeostasis Leads


id: cord-344902-bittqpyo
type: DISEASE
entity:
  infection acute exacerbations of cardiac and respiratory conditions haematological and metabolic disturbances


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  Methodol DOI 10 1186 1471 2288 8 20 sha 4cd8e92fcab8da2c840ff39f14ca35bf5ba6e444 doc_id 349161 cord_uid 4899cq99 BACKGROUND Graphical displays of results allow researchers to summarise and communicate


id: cord-349161-4899cq99
type: FAC
entity:
  Anti Epstein Barr Viral Capsid Antigen IgA Antibody A Clinical Prediction Rule for Diagnosing Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome


id: cord-349161-4899cq99
type: WORK_OF_ART
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  Differential Time to Positivity A Useful Method for Diagnosing Catheter Related Bloodstream Infections Negative Ddimer


id: cord-349161-4899cq99
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Celiac Disease Accuracy of Computed Tomographic Angiography and Magnetic Resonance Angiography for Diagnosing Renal Artery Stenosis Protein Profiling in Urine for the Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer Surveillance


id: cord-349161-4899cq99
type: WORK_OF_ART
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  A Family of Nonparametric Statistics for Comparing Diagnostic Markers with Paired Or Unpaired Data Statistical Methods in Medical Research Fourth


id: cord-014687-0am4l5ms
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  Missouri Kansas City haverkampbt umkc edu Salvador F Iloreta Maha Jarmakani Lisa Lowe Seth Gibson Purpose


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id: cord-014687-0am4l5ms
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id: cord-014687-0am4l5ms
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  Paper In Vivo Validation of Size Specific Dose Estimates SSDE Through Breast Entrance Skin Dosimetry


id: cord-014687-0am4l5ms
type: ORG
entity:
  Koninklijke Philips Paper PA 122 Adaptive Iterative Dose Reduction in Evaluation of the Pediatric Abdomen


id: cord-014687-0am4l5ms
type: ORG
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  the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Per Patient Cumulative Effective Doses Amaya Basta Radiology and Biomedical Imaging


id: cord-014687-0am4l5ms
type: WORK_OF_ART
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  Ectopic Cerebellum in the Posterior Cranial Fossa Report of a Case and Review of the Literature Usha D Nagaraj MD


id: cord-014687-0am4l5ms
type: ORG
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  Methods Materials Arterial Tortuosity Syndrome Overview Epidemiology Molecular basis Pathophysiology Review


id: cord-014687-0am4l5ms
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  Radiologic Findings and Discussion Chest Radiograph Computed Tomographic Angiography Magnetic Resonance Angiography Neck Magnetic Resonance Angiography Head Conventional Angiography Making a Diagnosis Sample


id: cord-014687-0am4l5ms
type: FAC
entity:
  Megacystic Microcolon Intestinal Hypoperistalsis Syndrome A Rare Disease Kiery Braithwaite Pediatric Radiology Emory


id: cord-014687-0am4l5ms
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  Secondary Amenorrhea in Pediatric Patients From the Beginning to the End Cesar Cortes MD Miami Children s Hospital n4c03


id: cord-014687-0am4l5ms
type: WORK_OF_ART
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  Ultrasound of Normal Entheses in the Growing Skeleton Nancy Chauvin MD Department of Radiology The Children s


id: cord-014687-0am4l5ms
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Role of Conventional and Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Diagnosis of Hemihypertrophy Syndromes in Children Shrey K Thawait MD PhD Radiology Yale University Bridgeport Hospital sthawai2


id: cord-014687-0am4l5ms
type: WORK_OF_ART
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  The Normal Pediatric Spine A Pictorial Review of MR Anatomy and Development in the Infant Child and Adolescent Ibrahim S Tuna MD Radiology Children s Hospital of Wisconsin


id: cord-014687-0am4l5ms
type: ORG
entity:
  the Children s Hospital of Philadelphia St Christopher s Hospital for Children and A I duPont Institute


id: cord-014687-0am4l5ms
type: WORK_OF_ART
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  Imaging the Spectrum of Lymphatic Malformations in the Pediatric Patient Andrew Schapiro MD Radiology University of Wisconsin


id: cord-014687-0am4l5ms
type: ORG
entity:
  The Impact of Adaptive Statistical Iterative Reconstruction on CT Image Quality Parameters A Phantom Study


id: cord-014687-0am4l5ms
type: WORK_OF_ART
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  Screening for Vitamin D Deficiency in Children with Suspected Non Accidental Fracture Conor Kain MD Tripler Army Medical Center Veronica Rooks


id: cord-014687-0am4l5ms
type: DISEASE
entity:
  abnormal abnormal pituitary on MRI 3 had absent septum pellucidum and 1 child had migration abnormality


id: cord-014687-0am4l5ms
type: DISEASE
entity:
  tumor pseudotumor Burkitt s lymphoma squamous cell carcinoma gastric teratoma gastric varices gastric hamartoma gastric polyp


id: cord-014687-0am4l5ms
type: DISEASE
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  meconium peritonitisdistal intestinal obstruction syndrome constipation rectal prolapse duodenal fold thickening


id: cord-014687-0am4l5ms
type: DISEASE
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  hemangiomas lymphangiomas optic nerve glioma optic nerve sheath meningioma pseudotumors rhabdomyosarcoma orbital myofibroma eosinophilic granuloma


id: cord-014687-0am4l5ms
type: DISEASE
entity:
  musculoskeletal cardiovascular respiratory gastrointestinal and central nervous systems Abnormalities


id: cord-014687-0am4l5ms
type: DISEASE
entity:
  Congenital cystic bronchopulmonary malformations B Infectious cysts C Autoimmune inflammatory vasculitic disease


id: cord-014687-0am4l5ms
type: DISEASE
entity:
  congenital developmental encephalocele meningocele dermoid occipital protuberance traumatic cephalhematoma subgaleal hematoma


# url

id: cord-313056-wuo7zerg
domain: mtci.bvsalud.org
url:
  http://mtci.bvsalud.org/en/contributions-of-traditional-complementary-and-integrativemedicine-tcim-in-the-context-of-covid-19/


# bib

id: cord-001989-6gi3o5mu
author: Faber, Timor
date: 2016-03-22
txt: ./txt/cord-001989-6gi3o5mu.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-001989-6gi3o5mu.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4804609/
doi: 10.1186/s12874-016-0136-0
summary:
  METHODS: For this methodological review, we searched MEDLINE via PubMed, from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2013 for meta-analyses including at least one non-randomized study evaluating therapeutic interventions. CONCLUSIONS: Some key methodological components of the systematic review process—search for grey literature, description of the type of NRSI included, assessment of risk of confounding bias and reporting of whether crude or adjusted estimates were combined—are not adequately carried out or reported in meta-analyses including NRSI. Therefore, an increasing number of systematic reviews and meta-analyses are including data from non-randomized studies to assess therapeutic interventions. To illustrate: a metaanalysis that investigated the association of the use of statins and risk of cancer would was considered a therapeutic evaluation if the authors planned to include RCTs. Individual patient data meta-analyses were also excluded, as were non-randomized studies that conducted a meta-analysis of the literature as secondary analysis.

title:
  Meta-analyses including non-randomized studies of therapeutic interventions: a methodological review

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: There is an increasing number of meta-analyses including data from non-randomized studies for therapeutic evaluation. We aimed to systematically assess the methods used in meta-analyses including non-randomized studies evaluating therapeutic interventions. METHODS: For this methodological review, we searched MEDLINE via PubMed, from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2013 for meta-analyses including at least one non-randomized study evaluating therapeutic interventions. Etiological assessments and meta-analyses with no comparison group were excluded. Two reviewers independently assessed the general characteristics and key methodological components of the systematic review process and meta-analysis methods. RESULTS: One hundred eighty eight meta-analyses were selected: 119 included both randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized studies of interventions (NRSI) and 69 only NRSI. Half of the meta-analyses (n = 92, 49 %) evaluated non-pharmacological interventions. “Grey literature” was searched for 72 meta-analyses (38 %). An assessment of methodological quality or risk of bias was reported in 135 meta-analyses (72 %) but this assessment considered the risk of confounding bias in only 33 meta-analyses (18 %). In 130 meta-analyses (69 %), the design of each NRSI was not clearly specified. In 131 (70 %), whether crude or adjusted estimates of treatment effect for NRSI were combined was unclear or not reported. Heterogeneity across studies was assessed in 182 meta-analyses (97 %) and further explored in 157 (84 %). Reporting bias was assessed in 127 (68 %). CONCLUSIONS: Some key methodological components of the systematic review process—search for grey literature, description of the type of NRSI included, assessment of risk of confounding bias and reporting of whether crude or adjusted estimates were combined—are not adequately carried out or reported in meta-analyses including NRSI.


id: cord-013477-dzm4xi21
title: Curcumin: Could This Compound Be Useful in Pregnancy and Pregnancy-Related Complications?
author: Filardi, Tiziana
date: 2020-10-17
txt: ./txt/cord-013477-dzm4xi21.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-013477-dzm4xi21.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7603145/
doi: 10.3390/nu12103179
summary:
  The reported anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitoxicant, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, antiapoptotic, antiangiogenic, anti-hypertensive, and antidiabetic properties of curcumin appear to be encouraging, not only for the management of pregnancy-related disorders, including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preeclampsia (PE), depression, preterm birth, and fetal growth disorders but also to contrast damage induced by natural and chemical toxic agents. Results showed that 100 mg/kg curcumin significantly reduced blood glucose and insulin levels, increased hepatic glycogen content, and improved oxidative stress by reducing thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and increasing glutathione (GSH) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities in the liver of diabetic pregnant mice at gestational day 20. The authors evaluated the possible mechanisms responsible for these effects and found that curcumin-induced apoptosis was associated with the modulation of pro-and anti-apoptotic molecules (i.e., increased Bax and reduced Bcl-2 expression), ROS generation, and caspase-3 activation [66] .

abstract:
  Curcumin, the main polyphenol contained in turmeric root (Curcuma longa), has played a significant role in medicine for centuries. The growing interest in plant-derived substances has led to increased consumption of them also in pregnancy. The pleiotropic and multi-targeting actions of curcumin have made it very attractive as a health-promoting compound. In spite of the beneficial effects observed in various chronic diseases in humans, limited and fragmentary information is currently available about curcumin’s effects on pregnancy and pregnancy-related complications. It is known that immune-metabolic alterations occurring during pregnancy have consequences on both maternal and fetal tissues, leading to short- and long-term complications. The reported anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitoxicant, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, antiapoptotic, antiangiogenic, anti-hypertensive, and antidiabetic properties of curcumin appear to be encouraging, not only for the management of pregnancy-related disorders, including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preeclampsia (PE), depression, preterm birth, and fetal growth disorders but also to contrast damage induced by natural and chemical toxic agents. The current review summarizes the latest data, mostly obtained from animal models and in vitro studies, on the impact of curcumin on the molecular mechanisms involved in pregnancy pathophysiology, with the aim to shed light on the possible beneficial and/or adverse effects of curcumin on pregnancy outcomes.


id: cord-014687-0am4l5ms
title: SPR 2012
author: nan
date: 2012-03-29
txt: ./txt/cord-014687-0am4l5ms.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-014687-0am4l5ms.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7080092/
doi: 10.1007/s00247-012-2356-8
abstract: nan
summary:
  This presentation will focus on recent developments that have lead to a better understanding of the embryopathogenesis for fibropolycystic liver diseases (including choledochal cysts and Caroli disease), histopathological findings that have led to new classification systems for of pediatric vascular anomalies, technological advances and contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging that are useful to characterize and limit the differential diagnosis of hepatic masses. Disclosure: Dr. Annapragada has indicated that he is a stock holder and consultant for Marval Biosciences Inc. Paper #: PA-067 Cardiovascular Image Quality Using a Nanoparticle CT Contrast Agent: Preliminary Studies in a Pig Model Rajesh Krishnamurthy, Radiology, Texas Children''s Hospital, rxkrishn@texaschildrens.org; Ketan Ghaghada, Prakash Masand, Abhay Divekar, Eric Hoffman, Ananth Annapragada Purpose or Case Report: Image quality in a separate study using a long circulating, liposomal-based nanoscale blood pool iodinated contrast agent (NCTX) suggests clinical utility in pediatrics, potentially reducing difficulties in contrast-CT of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) including the size of intravenous cannula, need for accurate timing, inability to simultaneously opacify multiple targets of interest (requiring repeated contrast administration and/or repeated imaging).


id: cord-020901-aew8xr6n
title: TransRev: Modeling Reviews as Translations from Users to Items
author: García-Durán, Alberto
date: 2020-03-17
txt: ./txt/cord-020901-aew8xr6n.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-020901-aew8xr6n.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7148221/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-45439-5_16
summary:
  TransRev learns vector representations for At training time, a function''s parameters are learned to compute the review embedding from the word token embeddings such that the embedding of the user translated by the review embedding is similar to the product embedding. Methods that fall into this category such as [31, 32] learn latent representations of users and items from the text content so as to perform well at rating prediction. Similar to sentiment analysis methods, TransRev trains a regression model that predicts the review rating from the review text. We compare to the following methods: a SVD matrix factorization; HFT, which has not often been benchmarked in previous works; and DeepCoNN [38] , which learns user and item representations from reviews via convolutional neural networks. Representation learning of users and items for review rating prediction using attention-based convolutional neural network

abstract:
  The text of a review expresses the sentiment a customer has towards a particular product. This is exploited in sentiment analysis where machine learning models are used to predict the review score from the text of the review. Furthermore, the products costumers have purchased in the past are indicative of the products they will purchase in the future. This is what recommender systems exploit by learning models from purchase information to predict the items a customer might be interested in. The underlying structure of this problem setting is a bipartite graph, wherein customer nodes are connected to product nodes via ‘review’ links. This is reminiscent of knowledge bases, with ‘review’ links replacing relation types. We propose TransRev, an approach to the product recommendation problem that integrates ideas from recommender systems, sentiment analysis, and multi-relational learning into a joint learning objective. TransRev learns vector representations for users, items, and reviews. The embedding of a review is learned such that (a) it performs well as input feature of a regression model for sentiment prediction; and (b) it always translates the reviewer embedding to the embedding of the reviewed item. This is reminiscent of TransE [5], a popular embedding method for link prediction in knowledge bases. This allows TransRev to approximate a review embedding at test time as the difference of the embedding of each item and the user embedding. The approximated review embedding is then used with the regression model to predict the review score for each item. TransRev outperforms state of the art recommender systems on a large number of benchmark data sets. Moreover, it is able to retrieve, for each user and item, the review text from the training set whose embedding is most similar to the approximated review embedding.


id: cord-020905-gw8i6tkn
title: An Attention Model of Customer Expectation to Improve Review Helpfulness Prediction
author: Qu, Xianshan
date: 2020-03-17
txt: ./txt/cord-020905-gw8i6tkn.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-020905-gw8i6tkn.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7148225/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-45439-5_55
summary:
  To model such customer expectations and capture important information from a review text, we propose a novel neural network which leverages review sentiment and product information. In order to address the above issues, we propose a novel neural network architecture to introduce sentiment and product information when identifying helpful content from a review text. In the cold start scenario, our proposed model demonstrates an AUC improvement of 5.4% and 1.5% on Amazon and Yelp data sets, respectively, when compared to the state of the art model. From Table 5 , we see that adding a sentiment attention layer (HSA) to the base model (HBiLSTM) results in an average improvement in the AUC score of 2.0% and 2.6%, respectively on the Amazon and Yelp data sets. In this paper, we describe our analysis of review helpfulness prediction and propose a novel neural network model with attention modules to incorporate sentiment and product information.

abstract:
  Many people browse reviews online before making purchasing decisions. It is essential to identify the subset of helpful reviews from the large number of reviews of varying quality. This paper aims to build a model to predict review helpfulness automatically. Our work is inspired by the observation that a customer’s expectation of a review can be greatly affected by review sentiment and the degree to which the customer is aware of pertinent product information. Consequently, a customer may pay more attention to that specific content of a review which contributes more to its helpfulness from their perspective. To model such customer expectations and capture important information from a review text, we propose a novel neural network which leverages review sentiment and product information. Specifically, we encode the sentiment of a review through an attention module, to get sentiment-driven information from review text. We also introduce a product attention layer that fuses information from both the target product and related products, in order to capture the product related information from review text. Our experimental results show an AUC improvement of 5.4% and 1.5% over the previous state of the art model on Amazon and Yelp data sets, respectively.


id: cord-032077-6wtdq0ia
title: Authors’ Reply
author: Kumar, Jogender
date: 2020-09-18
txt: ./txt/cord-032077-6wtdq0ia.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-032077-6wtdq0ia.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7498556/
doi: 10.1007/s13312-020-1978-4
abstract: nan
summary:
  The search of literature was performed till May 10, 2020, till when there were no published studies with ten or more patients describing the pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome (PMIS). We do not agree with the author''s suggestion of including PMIS in the screening strategy for COVID-19 in children. As of now, PMIS is a rare and poorly understood presentation of COVID-19 in children [2] . Living systematic review (LSR) is an emerging approach in which the review is updated frequently (classically at monthly intervals) and usually published online-only. COVID-19 children: Clinical and epidemiological implications. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children -What we know so far and what we do not Clinical features and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis Clinical features and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and adolescents temporally related to COVID-19


id: cord-269377-ylgyvxtd
title: COVID-19 Associated Central Nervous System Vasculopathy
author: Matos, Ana R.
date: 2020-06-02
txt: ./txt/cord-269377-ylgyvxtd.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-269377-ylgyvxtd.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32484130/
doi: 10.1017/cjn.2020.109
abstract: nan
summary:
  Stroke in the setting of viral vasculopathy has been described with other viruses, such as varicella zoster virus (VZV) or 1 ; more recently, it has also been associated with other coronavirus, namely, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, during the outbreak in Saudi Arabia in 2012. The imaging presentation of multiple lesions involving deep and subcortical white matter, as well as deep gray nuclei, with marked restricted diffusion of some, has been described in the setting of VZV vasculopathy. Primary angiitis of the central nervous system was also considered, but the absence of obvious large vessel irregularities, normal CSF cellular count, and concomitant SARS-CoV-2 infection led us consider a COVID-19-related vasculopathy as the most probable diagnosis, potentially induced by misdirected immune mediated-vasoconstriction of medium-/ small-sized arteries; we believe this represents a new imaging presentation of a SARS-CoV-2-related complication.


id: cord-271363-nsjn05q0
title: ‘One more time’: why replicating some syntheses of evidence relevant to COVID-19 makes sense
author: Page, Matthew J.
date: 2020-05-25
txt: ./txt/cord-271363-nsjn05q0.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-271363-nsjn05q0.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0895435620304637
doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.05.024
summary:
  • Given the urgent need for credible answers to high-priority questions about the health and social impacts of COVID-19, many systematic reviewers seek to contribute their skills and expertise; • Rather than embarking on unnecessary, duplicate reviews, we encourage the evidence synthesis community to prioritise purposeful replication of systematic reviews of evidence relevant to COVID-19. We believe that while original reviews are essential, decision making during the pandemic would benefit also from the purposeful replication of some systematic reviews of evidence relevant to COVID-19. Along with minimising production of unnecessary, duplicate reviews, we encourage the evidence synthesis community to prioritise purposeful replication of some systematic reviews of evidence relevant to COVID-19. Based on registration data in PROSPERO, there are many systematic reviewers keen to contribute to the COVID-19 research effort, who could band together to work on purposeful replications that evaluate the impact of abbreviated methods on review findings, rather than proceeding with a redundant review.

abstract:
  • Given the urgent need for credible answers to high-priority questions about the health and social impacts of COVID-19, many systematic reviewers seek to contribute their skills and expertise; • Rather than embarking on unnecessary, duplicate reviews, we encourage the evidence synthesis community to prioritise purposeful replication of systematic reviews of evidence relevant to COVID-19.


id: cord-273119-jfy0iviy
title: How COVID-19 is testing and evolving our communication skills
author: Julka-Anderson, Naman
date: 2020-06-25
txt: ./txt/cord-273119-jfy0iviy.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-273119-jfy0iviy.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32709543/
doi: 10.1016/j.jmir.2020.06.008
summary:
  In UK radiotherapy departments, radiation therapist (review radiographer)-led clinics moved to telephone-based clinics to reduce the time spent by patients in a hospital environment. The pandemic has forced patients to slow down and really focus on themselves which has led to picking up physical and mental health changes earlier. As a radiation therapist (therapeutic radiographer) and member of the radiotherapy review team, I see patients throughout their radiotherapy treatments to address their physical and emotional side effects. Those of us in the radiotherapy review team have changed to telephone appointments to minimize time spent by patients in a hospital environment. Telephone reviews aren''t a new process within healthcare (4); oncology teams use telephone triage when patients report treatment related side effects. In my opinion, radiotherapy reviews are more in depth than triage calls as they cover all aspects of a patient''s care and side effects to help them live with and beyond cancer.

abstract:
  The COVID-19 pandemic forced us, as health care professionals and members of the general public, to adapt. Simple things we take for granted have become more difficult. As pressures increased for health care professionals, conversations and decisions have become tougher. This brought the need to adapt working practices and find ways to continue providing compassionate patient-centred care remotely. In UK radiotherapy departments, radiation therapist (review radiographer)-led clinics moved to telephone-based clinics to reduce the time spent by patients in a hospital environment. This required setting up a "virtual" clinic room with patients by removing distractions and setting boundaries for the conversation. We have had to adapt our communication skills quickly as picking up on nonverbal cues is not possible through the phone. It can be challenging to understand feelings through the tone of a patient's voice and empathise accordingly. The pandemic has forced patients to slow down and really focus on themselves which has led to picking up physical and mental health changes earlier. This is one of the many positive outcomes that can be drawn from the pandemic. Although we have changed how we work, ultimately we are still here to help our patients.


id: cord-283340-ksyd5l56
title: The Potential Role of Dyslipidemia in COVID-19 Severity: an Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews
author: Choi, Geun Joo
date: 2020-09-21
txt: ./txt/cord-283340-ksyd5l56.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-283340-ksyd5l56.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.12997/jla.2020.9.3.435
doi: 10.12997/jla.2020.9.3.435
summary:
  OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the available knowledge about the potential association between dyslipidemia and the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as reported in previous published systematic reviews. Specifically, we conducted an umbrella review to evaluate the findings of systematic reviews and/or metaanalyses that investigated the relationship of dyslipidemia and severity of COVID-19 infection and to assess the evidence regarding potential limitations and the consistency of findings. The following criteria were applied to identify the articles to be included in the present umbrella review: (1) systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses; (2) studies involving adults who tested positive for COVID-19; and (3) studies reporting the association between dyslipidemia and COVID-19 infection. Two authors (G.J.C. and H.M.K.) independently extracted the outcomes on the relationship of dyslipidemia or non-dyslipidemia and lipid profile with COVID-19 infection severity from the identified systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

abstract:
  OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the available knowledge about the potential association between dyslipidemia and the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as reported in previous published systematic reviews. METHODS: In this umbrella review (an overview of systematic reviews), we investigated the association between dyslipidemia and COVID-19 severity. A systematic search was performed of 4 main electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library databases) from inception until August 2020. We evaluated the methodological quality of the included studies using the A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) 2 tool and used the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system to assess the quality of evidence for the outcome. In addition, we evaluated the strengths and limitations of the evidence and the methodological quality of the available studies. RESULTS: Out of 35 articles identified, 2 systematic reviews were included in the umbrella review. A total of 7,951 COVID-19-positive patients were included. According to the AMSTAR 2 criteria and GRADE system, the quality of the included studies was not high. A history of dyslipidemia is likely to be associated with the severity of COVID-19 infection, but the contrary is the case for cholesterol levels at hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: Although existing research on dyslipidemia and COVID-19 is limited, our findings suggest that dyslipidemia may play a role in the severity of COVID-19 infection. More adequately powered studies are needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO Identifier: CRD42020205979


id: cord-290421-9v841ose
author: Weston, Dale
date: 2020-10-01
txt: ./txt/cord-290421-9v841ose.txt
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extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09519-2
doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-09519-2
summary:
  The current paper presents a synthesis of review literature discussing the application of behaviour change theories within an infectious disease and emergency response context, with a view to informing infectious disease modelling, research and public health practice. Papers were included if they presented a review of theoretical models as applied to understanding preventative health behaviours in the context of emergency preparedness and response, and/or infectious disease outbreaks. Although this is based on key outcomes/ conclusions and not an exhaustive list of all successful theories reported within/ across reviews, the commonly applied behaviour change theories do seem to be identified as relevant for understanding and explaining human behaviour within an infectious disease and emergency response context. Based on these identified theories and our synthesis of review outcomes, and in conjunction with a recent review by Weston and colleagues [26] , we make recommendations to assist researchers, intervention designers, and mathematical modellers to incorporate psychological behaviour change theories within infectious disease and emergency response contexts.

title:
  Examining the application of behaviour change theories in the context of infectious disease outbreaks and emergency response: a review of reviews

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Behavioural science can play a critical role in combatting the effects of an infectious disease outbreak or public health emergency, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The current paper presents a synthesis of review literature discussing the application of behaviour change theories within an infectious disease and emergency response context, with a view to informing infectious disease modelling, research and public health practice. METHODS: A scoping review procedure was adopted for the searches. Searches were run on PubMed, PsychInfo and Medline with search terms covering four major categories: behaviour, emergency response (e.g., infectious disease, preparedness, mass emergency), theoretical models, and reviews. Three further top-up reviews was also conducted using Google Scholar. Papers were included if they presented a review of theoretical models as applied to understanding preventative health behaviours in the context of emergency preparedness and response, and/or infectious disease outbreaks. RESULTS: Thirteen papers were included in the final synthesis. Across the reviews, several theories of behaviour change were identified as more commonly cited within this context, specifically, Health Belief Model, Theory of Planned Behaviour, and Protection Motivation Theory, with support (although not universal) for their effectiveness in this context. Furthermore, the application of these theories in previous primary research within this context was found to be patchy, and so further work is required to systematically incorporate and test behaviour change models within public health emergency research and interventions. CONCLUSION: Overall, this review identifies a range of more commonly applied theories with broad support for their use within an infectious disease and emergency response context. The Discussion section details several key recommendations to help researchers, practitioners, and infectious disease modellers to incorporate these theories into their work. Specifically, researchers and practitioners should base future research and practice on a systematic application of theories, beginning with those reported herein. Furthermore, infectious disease modellers should consult the theories reported herein to ensure that the full range of relevant constructs (cognitive, emotional and social) are incorporated into their models. In all cases, consultation with behavioural scientists throughout these processes is strongly recommended to ensure the appropriate application of theory.


id: cord-299269-ylyhlyzw
title: Supportive Care for Patient with Respiratory Diseases: An Umbrella Review
author: Luo, X.
date: 2020-04-17
txt: ./txt/cord-299269-ylyhlyzw.txt
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extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.13.20064360
doi: 10.1101/2020.04.13.20064360
summary:
  We comprehensively searched the following databases: Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), Wanfang Data and CBM (SinoMed) from their inception to 31 March 2020, and other sources to identify systematic reviews and meta-analyses related to supportive treatments for patient with respiratory diseases including COVID-19, SARS, MERS and influenza. We included systematic reviews and meta-analyses related to supportive treatment for patient with respiratory diseases including COVID-19, SARS, MERS and influenza published in English and Chinese without other restrictions. 13.20064360 doi: medRxiv preprint reviews and meta-analyses that focused on the proportion of medical staff, monitoring of vital signs, respiratory and circulatory support, and psychological intervention. We also considered systematic reviews and meta-analyses with related indirect evidence if no sufficient literature on COVID-19, SARS, MERS and influenza was found. We comprehensively searched systematic reviews and meta-analyses on SARS, MERS, COVID-19 and influenza and evaluated the quality of methodology and evidence.

abstract:
  Abstract Background: Supportive treatment is an important and effective part of the management for patients with life-threatening diseases. This study aims to identify and evaluate the forms of supportive care for patients with respiratory diseases. Methods: An umbrella review of supportive care for patient respiratory diseases was undertaken. We comprehensively searched the following databases: Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), Wanfang Data and CBM (SinoMed) from their inception to 31 March 2020, and other sources to identify systematic reviews and meta-analyses related to supportive treatments for patient with respiratory diseases including COVID-19, SARS, MERS and influenza. We assessed the methodological quality using the AMSTAR score and the quality of the evidence for the primary outcomes of each included systematic review and meta-analysis. Results: We included 18 systematic reviews and meta-analyses in this study. Most studies focused on the respiratory and circulatory support. Ten studies were of high methodological quality, five studies of medium quality, and three studies of low quality. According to four studies extracorporeal membrane oxygenation did not reduce mortality in adults (OR/RR ranging from 0.71 to 1.28), but two studies reported significantly lower mortality in patients receiving venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation than in the control group (OR/RR ranging from 0.38 to 0.73). Besides, monitoring of vital signs and increasing the number of medical staff may also reduce the mortality in patients with respiratory diseases. Conclusions: Our overview suggests that supportive care may reduce the mortality of patients with respiratory diseases to some extent. However, the quality of evidence for the primary outcomes in the included studies was low to moderate. Further systematic reviews and meta-analyses are needed to address the evidence gap regarding the supportive care for SARS, MERS and COVID-19.


id: cord-309350-7qen8z3y
title: Vaping Cardiovascular Health Risks: an Updated Umbrella Review
author: Peruzzi, Mariangela
date: 2020-06-16
txt: ./txt/cord-309350-7qen8z3y.txt
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extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837803/
doi: 10.1007/s40138-020-00219-0
summary:
  SUMMARY: The present umbrella review suggests that EVC, and likely HNBC, despite clearly causing an increase in overall cardiovascular risk, may represent a temporary lesser evil than TCC in a risk-reduction or risk-modification strategy, aiming for eventual abstinence from all tobacco or nicotine products. Kennedy and colleagues reviewed several experimental and clinical studies on the cardiovascular safety of EVC, highlighting that they may cause oxidative stress, cardiomyocyte dysfunction and mutagenesis, vascular inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, vasospasm, complement deposition, platelet aggregation, adhesion, and activation, with hypertension, tachycardia, arterial stiffening, atherosclerosis and thrombotic risk, albeit less intensely than TCC [25] . Our umbrella review, poignantly synthesizing the evidence accrued so far from in vitro, in animal, in human volunteers, healthy subjects, and patients on the cardiovascular risk associated with EVC use, either acute or chronic, shows that data are expanding progressively, but several conclusions can already be made on the 31] .

abstract:
  PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Modified risk products (MRP) such as electronic vaping cigarettes (EVC) and heat-not-burn cigarettes (HNBC) are alternatives to traditional combustion cigarettes (TCC) with an expanding consumer base. Yet, their cardiovascular health risks are still unclear. We aimed to summarize the evidence base on this topic by conducting an updated umbrella review. RECENT FINDINGS: We identified 7 systematic reviews, totaling 183 studies and reports, ranging from in vitro and in animal studies to clinical studies in apparently healthy volunteers and patients at risk of cardiovascular disease. Overall, acute EVC use was associated with several toxic effects at molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, and system level. In addition, EVC impacted adversely on blood pressure (BP) management, caused tachycardia, and worsened arterial stiffness. Finally, EVC use was associated with an increased risk of adverse clinical events, including atrial fibrillation and myocardial infarction, even if the causal link is still debated. Most reviews highlighted that the detrimental impact of EVC was of lesser magnitude of that of TCC. In addition, the differential impact of liquids and nicotine was not clearly disentangled. Finally, no review included studies on HNBC. SUMMARY: The present umbrella review suggests that EVC, and likely HNBC, despite clearly causing an increase in overall cardiovascular risk, may represent a temporary lesser evil than TCC in a risk-reduction or risk-modification strategy, aiming for eventual abstinence from all tobacco or nicotine products.


id: cord-313056-wuo7zerg
author: Portella, Caio Fabio Schlechta
date: 2020-07-15
txt: ./txt/cord-313056-wuo7zerg.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-313056-wuo7zerg.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32766112/
doi: 10.1016/j.imr.2020.100473
summary:
  A search was performed in the Traditional, Complementary and Integrative Medicine Virtual Health Library and PubMed, using the MeSH and DeCS terms for respiratory viral diseases associated with epidemics, COVID-19 symptoms, relevant mental health topics, pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions related to TCIM. RESULTS: For the map, 126 systematic reviews and controlled clinical studies were characterized, distributed in a matrix with 57 interventions (18 phytotherapy, 9 mind-body therapies, 10 traditional chinese medicine, 3 homeopathic and anthroposophic dynamized medicines and 17 supplements), and 67 outcomes (14 immunological response, 23 mental health, 25 complementary clinical management of the infection and 5 other). A search strategy was developed, using the MeSH and DeCS terms for respiratory viral diseases associated with epidemics, COVID-19 symptoms, relevant mental health topics, pharmacological interventions related to TCIM (medicinal plants/ phytotherapy, herbal medicine, Chinese and Ayurvedic herbology, drugs related to homeopathy and anthroposophic medicine, probiotics, nutritional supplements, among others), as well as non-pharmacological TCIM interventions (yoga, taichi, mindfulness, meditation, qigong, tapping, body practices, among others).

title:
  Evidence map on the contributions of traditional, complementary and integrative medicines for health care in times of COVID-19

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Due to the pandemic, there is a significant interest in the therapeutic resources linked to TCIM to support potentially therapeutic research and intervention in the management of COVID-19. At the date of this evidence map´s publication, there is no evidence of specific treatments for Coronavirus - 19 (COVID-19). This map organizes information about symptoms management (especially on dimensions related to mental health and mild viral respiratory infections, as well as immune system strengthening and antiviral activity). METHOD: This evidence map applies methodology developed by Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information based on the 3iE evidence gap map. A search was performed in the Traditional, Complementary and Integrative Medicine Virtual Health Library and PubMed, using the MeSH and DeCS terms for respiratory viral diseases associated with epidemics, COVID-19 symptoms, relevant mental health topics, pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions related to TCIM. RESULTS: For the map, 126 systematic reviews and controlled clinical studies were characterized, distributed in a matrix with 57 interventions (18 phytotherapy, 9 mind-body therapies, 10 traditional chinese medicine, 3 homeopathic and anthroposophic dynamized medicines and 17 supplements), and 67 outcomes (14 immunological response, 23 mental health, 25 complementary clinical management of the infection and 5 other). DISCUSSION: The map presents an overview of possible TCIM contributions to various dimensions of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in the field of mental health, and it is directed to researchers and health professionals specialized in TCIM. Most of the antiviral activity outcomes described in this map refers to respiratory viruses in general, and not specifically to SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2). This information may be useful to guide new research, but not necessarily to support a therapeutic recommendation. Finally, any suspicion of COVID-19 infection should follow the protocols recommended by the health authorities of each country/region.


id: cord-321827-e7zc44ca
author: Halter, Mary
date: 2017-12-15
txt: ./txt/cord-321827-e7zc44ca.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-321827-e7zc44ca.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29246221/
doi: 10.1186/s12913-017-2707-0
summary:
  This paper reports on this overview, which aimed to identify high quality evidence of the determinants and consequences of turnover in nurses working in the field of adult health care services and bring that evidence together into one place to highlight where strong enough evidence to support managerial decisions exists and where gaps in the evidence may indicate the need for further research, particularly when considered in the context of the broader management literature regarding turnover. The empirical evidence shows that stress and issues concerning leadership consistently exert both direct and indirect effects on job satisfaction and intent to leave There are a number of published articles characterized by loosely defined terms The main reasons for reviews being in the moderate rather than strong evidence category were the lack of publication of an a priori protocol, varying levels of details about the search strategy performed, the failure to have two reviewers check the selection and data extraction, not providing a list of both included and excluded primary studies (with the exception of Toh et al.

title:
  The determinants and consequences of adult nursing staff turnover: a systematic review of systematic reviews

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Nurses leaving their jobs and the profession are an issue of international concern, with supply-demand gaps for nurses reported to be widening. There is a large body of existing literature, much of which is already in review form. In order to advance the usefulness of the literature for nurse and human resource managers, we undertook an overview (review of systematic reviews). The aim of the overview was to identify high quality evidence of the determinants and consequences of turnover in adult nursing. METHODS: Reviews were identified which were published between 1990 and January 2015 in English using electronic databases (the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts, CINAHL plus and SCOPUS) and forward searching. All stages of the review were conducted in parallel by two reviewers. Reviews were quality appraised using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews and their findings narratively synthesised. RESULTS: Nine reviews were included. We found that the current evidence is incomplete and has a number of important limitations. However, a body of moderate quality review evidence does exist giving a picture of multiple determinants of turnover in adult nursing, with - at the individual level - nurse stress and dissatisfaction being important factors and -at the organisational level - managerial style and supervisory support factors holding most weight. The consequences of turnover are only described in economic terms, but are considered significant. CONCLUSIONS: In making a quality assessment of the review as well as considering the quality of the included primary studies and specificity in the outcomes they measure, the overview found that the evidence is not as definitive as previously presented from individual reviews. Further research is required, of rigorous research design, whether quantitative or qualitative, particularly against the outcome of actual turnover as opposed to intention to leave. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO Registration 17 March 2015: CRD42015017613. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s12913-017-2707-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.


id: cord-327652-tn29r8lj
author: Fretheim, Atle
date: 2020-05-14
txt: ./txt/cord-327652-tn29r8lj.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-327652-tn29r8lj.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.19.2000687
doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.19.2000687
summary:
  In response to urgent needs for updated evidence for decision-making on various aspects related to coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the Norwegian Institute of Public Health established a rapid review team. While keeping up with scientific developments is challenging also under normal circumstances, the combination of uncertainties in dealing with a novel virus and a huge outpour of research papers dealing with COVID-19, many of them not peer-reviewed, made it particularly challenging to provide evidence-informed guidance, either to the public, health services or policymakers. In addition, systematic reviews on COVID-19-related topics were likely to become rapidly outdated, given the large number of new study reports published daily. Being a national public health institute with responsibilities for infectious diseases prevention and response, as well as having the role as the national centre for evidence-based healthcare, meant that the competence and tools to develop the rapid reviews were available within the organisation.

title:
  Rapid reviews for rapid decision-making during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, Norway, 2020

abstract:
  In response to urgent needs for updated evidence for decision-making on various aspects related to coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the Norwegian Institute of Public Health established a rapid review team. Using simplified processes and shortcuts, this team produces summary reviews on request within 1–3 days that inform advice provided by the institute. All reviews are published with explicit messages about the risk of overlooking key evidence or making misguided judgements by using such rapid processes.


id: cord-328902-c91mthxv
title: 100% peer review in radiation oncology: is it feasible?
author: Martin-Garcia, E.
date: 2020-06-15
txt: ./txt/cord-328902-c91mthxv.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-328902-c91mthxv.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-020-02394-8
doi: 10.1007/s12094-020-02394-8
summary:
  Cases requiring special procedures (brachytherapy, radiosurgery, total body irradiation, intra-operative radiation therapy) are currently being revised by groups with experience in those techniques prior to treatment delivery and only controversial treatment indications (i.e., salvage treatment with brachytherapy for irradiated patients) or cases in which boost with HDR-BT is going to be performed after EBRT (i.e., breast cancer, cervical cancer) go through our peer-review conferences before starting treatment. Based on our group peer-review process, we prospectively recollected some data on cases presented at our institutional conference to quantify the rate of plan changes, time and resources needed for this process. Cases were then analyzed to determine the rate of major change, minor change and plan rejection after presentation as well as the type of change (dose/fractionation, contouring, technique or combination) and also median time per session.

abstract:
  PURPOSE: Peer review has been proposed as a strategy to ensure patient safety and plan quality in radiation oncology. Despite its potential benefits, barriers commonly exist to its optimal implementation in daily clinical routine. Our purpose is to analyze peer-review process at our institution. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Based on our group peer-review process, we quantified the rate of plan changes, time and resources needed for this process. Prospectively, data on cases presented at our institutional peer-review conference attended by physicians, resident physicians and physicists were collected. Items such as time to present per case, type of patient (adult or pediatric), treatment intent, dose, aimed technique, disease location and receipt of previous radiation were gathered. Cases were then analyzed to determine the rate of major change, minor change and plan rejection after presentation as well as the median time per session. RESULTS: Over a period of 4 weeks, 148 cases were reviewed. Median of attendants was six physicians, three in-training-physicians and one physicist. Median time per session was 38 (4–72) minutes. 59.5% of cases presented in 1–4 min, 32.4% in 5–9 min and 8.1% in ≥ 10 min. 79.1% of cases were accepted without changes, 11.5% with minor changes, 6% with major changes and 3.4% were rejected with indication of new presentation. Most frequent reason of change was contouring corrections (53.8%) followed by dose or fractionation (26.9%). CONCLUSION: Everyday group consensus peer review is an efficient manner to recollect clinical and technical data of cases presented to ensure quality radiation care before initiation of treatment as well as ensuring department quality in a feedback team environment. This model is feasible within the normal operation of every radiation oncology Department.


id: cord-333806-e3v67hpx
title: Early childhood environmental education: A systematic review of the research literature
author: Ardoin, Nicole M.
date: 2020-07-10
txt: ./txt/cord-333806-e3v67hpx.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-333806-e3v67hpx.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1747938X19305561
doi: 10.1016/j.edurev.2020.100353
summary:
  To better understand the landscape of early childhood environmental education (ECEE) pedagogical practices and expected outcomes, we undertook a systematic review of empirical studies of ECEE programs. In the articles we 351 reviewed, the most frequently reported outcomes were related to the category of Environmental During the initial coding process, we found that researchers described evidence of more 371 than 150 pedagogical practices associated with effective ECEE programs among the 66 studies. 379 The most frequently studied ECEE programs involved children in the four-and five-year-453 old age ranges participating in ongoing, educator-facilitated programs that included time in 454 nature-rich settings and occurred in a formal setting, such as a school, daycare, or early 455 childhood center.

abstract:
  Abstract Environmental education focused on the early-childhood years is experiencing dynamic growth in research and practice due to persistent environmental challenges coupled with burgeoning interest in the documented benefits of nature-rich experiences for infants and children. To better understand the landscape of early childhood environmental education (ECEE) pedagogical practices and expected outcomes, we undertook a systematic review of empirical studies of ECEE programs. Focusing on a 25-year span, we surfaced 66 studies that met our inclusion criteria. We found that participants in such programs spanned the early-childhood age range (birth through age eight) with the majority involving three-to six-year-olds in teacher-led, formal (school-like) programs. The primary outcomes documented in our sample studies included environmental literacy development, cognitive development, and social and emotional development. To a lesser extent, the studies addressed physical development and language and literacy development. On balance, our sample of ECEE studies reported strongly positive findings associated with the aforementioned outcomes. The majority emphasized the effectiveness of play-based, nature-rich pedagogical approaches that incorporated movement and social interaction. We include a visualization that synthesizes cross-sample findings with the intention of assisting ECEE practitioners in developing, implementing, and evaluating programs as well as encouraging researchers to further study elements, processes, and theoretical assumptions inherent in them.


id: cord-334480-aosmo568
author: Gebrie, D.
date: 2020-04-14
txt: ./txt/cord-334480-aosmo568.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-334480-aosmo568.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.09.20059196
doi: 10.1101/2020.04.09.20059196
summary:
  title: Efficacy of remdesivir versus placebo for the treatment of COVID-19: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Here, we aim to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to compare the effectiveness of remdesivir and placebo in patients with COVID-19. We will include randomized controlled trials that assessed the effectiveness of remdesivir versus placebo for patients confirmed with COVID-19. Ethics and dissemination: This study does not require ethical approval, because no participants data will be involved in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Keywords: 2019 novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV, Coronavirus diseases 2019, COVID-19, SARS-cov-2, Remdesivir, Randomized Controlled Trials. This systematic review and meta-analysis will be derived from only randomized controlled trials which will reduce between study heterogeneity. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.09.20059196 doi: medRxiv preprint meta-analysis of RCTs to compare the effectiveness of remdesivir and placebo in patients with COVID-19.

title:
  Efficacy of remdesivir versus placebo for the treatment of COVID-19: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

abstract:
  Background: In spite of the global containment on prevention efforts, the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is continuing to rise, with 1.1 million confirmed cases and 60,124 deaths recorded worldwide since 04 April 2020. The outbreak has a significant threat to international health and economy. At present, there is no approved vaccine or treatment for the disease, while efforts are underway. Remdesivir, a nucleotide-analogue antiviral drug developed for Ebola, is determined to prevent and stop infections with COVID-19, while results are yet controversial. Here, we aim to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to compare the effectiveness of remdesivir and placebo in patients with COVID-19. Method and analysis: We will search MEDLINE-PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Google scholar databases without restriction in year of publication. We will include randomized controlled trials that assessed the effectiveness of remdesivir versus placebo for patients confirmed with COVID-19. We will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA 2015) guidelines for the design and reporting of the results. The primary endpoint will be time to clinical recovery. The secondary endpoints will be all cause mortality, discharged date, frequency of respiratory progression, and treatment-emergent adverse events. Two independent authors will perform study selection, data extraction, and methodology quality assessment. RevMan 5.3 software will be used for statistical analysis. Random/fixed effect model will be carried out to calculate mean differences for continuous outcomes and risk ratio for dichotomous outcomes between remdesivir and placebo. Ethics and dissemination: This study does not require ethical approval, because no participants data will be involved in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The findings of this study will be published in reputable and peer-reviewed journal. Registration: This review protocol is submitted in PROSPERO database for registration and we will include the registration number in the revised version of the manuscript. Keywords: 2019 novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV, Coronavirus diseases 2019, COVID-19, SARS-cov-2, Remdesivir, Randomized Controlled Trials. Systematic review, Meta-analysis, protocol


id: cord-344902-bittqpyo
author: Scott, Jennifer
date: 2020-10-15
txt: ./txt/cord-344902-bittqpyo.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-344902-bittqpyo.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41999-020-00414-y
doi: 10.1007/s41999-020-00414-y
summary:
  title: A systematic review of the physical activity levels of acutely ill older adults in Hospital At Home settings: an under-researched field PURPOSE: The purpose of this review was to identify, evaluate and synthesise existing evidence reporting the physical activity levels of acutely ill older patients in a ''Hospital At Home'' setting and compare this to patients with similar characteristics treated in a traditional hospital inpatient setting. CONCLUSION: There is a lack of published research on the physical activity levels of acutely-ill older adults in Hospital at Home settings. The aim of this review was to identify, evaluate and synthesise the evidence on the physical activity levels of acutely ill older patients undergoing treatment in an HaH vs inpatient setting. This review has provided an indication of the baseline activity levels of inpatients suitable for a Hospital at Home service, however primary objective research is needed in this treatment setting.

title:
  A systematic review of the physical activity levels of acutely ill older adults in Hospital At Home settings: an under-researched field

abstract:
  PURPOSE: The purpose of this review was to identify, evaluate and synthesise existing evidence reporting the physical activity levels of acutely ill older patients in a ‘Hospital At Home’ setting and compare this to patients with similar characteristics treated in a traditional hospital inpatient setting. Functional changes and any adverse outcomes due to physical activity (e.g. falls) in both settings where PA was reported or recorded were also evaluated as secondary outcomes. METHODS: A search strategy was devised for the MEDLINE, CINAHL, AMed, PEDRO, OT Seeker and Cochrane databases. Search results were title, abstract and full-text reviewed by two independent researchers. Data were extracted from included articles using a custom form and assessed for quality and risk of bias using the Appraisal Tool for Cross-Sectional Studies. RESULTS: No studies set in the Hospital at Home environments were identified. 16 hospital inpatient studies met the criteria for inclusion. Older patients managed in inpatient settings that would be eligible for Hospital at Home services spent 6.6% of their day active and undertook only 881.8 daily steps. Functional change was reported in four studies with both improvement and decline during admission reported. CONCLUSION: There is a lack of published research on the physical activity levels of acutely-ill older adults in Hospital at Home settings. This review has identified a baseline level of activity for older acutely ill patients that would be suitable for Hospital at Home treatment. This data could be used as a basis of comparison in future hospital at home studies, which should also include functional change outcomes to further explore the relationship between physical inactivity and functional decline. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s41999-020-00414-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.


id: cord-347446-yw0nk7fo
title: COVID-19 and Environmental factors. A PRISMA-compliant systematic review
author: Vantarakis, A.
date: 2020-05-15
txt: ./txt/cord-347446-yw0nk7fo.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-347446-yw0nk7fo.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.10.20069732
doi: 10.1101/2020.05.10.20069732
summary:
  In our review, the analysis of 23 studies show evidence that high temperature and high humidity reduce the COVID-19 transmission. The aim of the review was, therefore, to summarize all available data on the impact of environmental factors on the survival of all coronaviruses including emerging SARS-CoV and MERS CoV. This systematic review was limited to studies focusing to environmental factors'' impact on COVID-19. All included studies assessed the role of various environmental factors on transmission rates of the COVID-19. Detailed characteristics of the studies included, like author, title and year of publication, country and continent of the study, method of assessing the impact of the environmental factors and the outcome variable are described in Table 1 . . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.10.20069732 doi: medRxiv preprint Figure 2 Temperature associated with the assessing methods the country of epidemics All rights reserved. . https://doi.org/10.1101 Figure 2 Environmental factors associated with the assessing methods the country of epidemics All rights reserved.

abstract:
  The emergence of a novel human coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has become a global health concern causing severe respiratory tract infections in humans. Human-to-human transmissions have been described with incubation times between 2-10 days, facilitating its airborne spread via droplets. The impact of environmental factors on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is under consideration. We therefore reviewed the literature on all available information about the impact of environmental factors on human coronaviruses. Temperature, humidity and other environmental factors have been recorded as environmental drivers of the COVID-19 outbreak in China and in other countries. Higher temperatures might be positive to decrease the COVID-19 incidence. In our review, the analysis of 23 studies show evidence that high temperature and high humidity reduce the COVID-19 transmission. However, further studies concerning other environmental (namely meteorological) factors role should be conducted in order to further prove this correlation. As no specific therapies are available for SARS-CoV-2, early containment and prevention of further spread will be crucial to stop the ongoing outbreak and to control this novel infectious thread.


id: cord-349161-4899cq99
title: Graphical presentation of diagnostic information
author: Whiting, Penny F
date: 2008-04-11
txt: ./txt/cord-349161-4899cq99.txt
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url: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-8-20
doi: 10.1186/1471-2288-8-20
summary:
  For diagnostic accuracy studies, measures of test performance (sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, likelihood ratios or diagnostic odds ratio) are plotted on the horizontal axis. ROC plots can be used to present the results of diagnostic systematic reviews, but differ from those used in primary studies as each point typically represents a separate study or data set within a study (individual studies may contribute more than one point). A summary ROC (SROC) curve can be estimated using one of several methods [12] [13] [14] [15] and quantifies test accuracy and the association between sensitivity and specificity based on differences between studies. A number of graphical displays aim to put results of diagnostic test evaluations into clinical context, based either on primary studies or systematic reviews. The inclusion of graphical displays, such as SROC plots or forest plots, in systematic reviews of test accuracy studies allows a visual assessment of heterogeneity between studies by showing the results from each individual study included in the review.

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Graphical displays of results allow researchers to summarise and communicate the key findings of their study. Diagnostic information should be presented in an easily interpretable way, which conveys both test characteristics (diagnostic accuracy) and the potential for use in clinical practice (predictive value). METHODS: We discuss the types of graphical display commonly encountered in primary diagnostic accuracy studies and systematic reviews of such studies, and systematically review the use of graphical displays in recent diagnostic primary studies and systematic reviews. RESULTS: We identified 57 primary studies and 49 systematic reviews. Fifty-six percent of primary studies and 53% of systematic reviews used graphical displays to present results. Dot-plot or box-and- whisker plots were the most commonly used graph in primary studies and were included in 22 (39%) studies. ROC plots were the most common type of plot included in systematic reviews and were included in 22 (45%) reviews. One primary study and five systematic reviews included a probability-modifying plot. CONCLUSION: Graphical displays are currently underused in primary diagnostic accuracy studies and systematic reviews of such studies. Diagnostic accuracy studies need to include multiple types of graphic in order to provide both a detailed overview of the results (diagnostic accuracy) and to communicate information that can be used to inform clinical practice (predictive value). Work is required to improve graphical displays, to better communicate the utility of a test in clinical practice and the implications of test results for individual patients.


