id sid tid token lemma pos cord-129086-ra2njvcz 1 1 key key JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 1 2 : : : cord-129086-ra2njvcz 1 3 cord-129086-ra2njvcz cord-129086-ra2njvcz CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 1 4 authors author NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 1 5 : : : cord-129086-ra2njvcz 1 6 Kumar Kumar NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 1 7 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 1 8 Sanjay Sanjay NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 1 9 ; ; : cord-129086-ra2njvcz 1 10 Lee Lee NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 1 11 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 2 1 Heow Heow NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 2 2 Pueh Pueh NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 2 3 title title NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 2 4 : : : cord-129086-ra2njvcz 2 5 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 2 6 perspective perspective NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 2 7 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 2 8 fluid fluid JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 2 9 flow flow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 2 10 behavior behavior NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 2 11 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 2 12 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 2 13 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 2 14 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 2 15 aerosols aerosol NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 2 16 through through IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 2 17 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 2 18 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 2 19 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 2 20 context context NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 2 21 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 2 22 SARS SARS NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 2 23 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 2 24 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 2 25 date date NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 2 26 : : : cord-129086-ra2njvcz 2 27 2020 2020 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 2 28 - - SYM cord-129086-ra2njvcz 2 29 10 10 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 2 30 - - SYM cord-129086-ra2njvcz 2 31 10 10 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 2 32 journal journal NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 2 33 : : : cord-129086-ra2njvcz 2 34 nan nan NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 2 35 DOI DOI NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 2 36 : : : cord-129086-ra2njvcz 2 37 nan nan NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 2 38 sha sha NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 2 39 : : : cord-129086-ra2njvcz 2 40 8d69c9d7dde53c5cf7494b896c0b376a3d93a272 8d69c9d7dde53c5cf7494b896c0b376a3d93a272 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 2 41 doc_id doc_id CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 2 42 : : : cord-129086-ra2njvcz 2 43 129086 129086 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 2 44 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 2 45 : : : cord-129086-ra2njvcz 2 46 ra2njvcz ra2njvcz . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 3 1 In in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 3 2 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 3 3 unfortunate unfortunate JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 3 4 event event NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 3 5 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 3 6 current current JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 3 7 ongoing ongoing JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 3 8 pandemic pandemic NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 4 1 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 4 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 4 3 where where WRB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 4 4 vaccination vaccination NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 4 5 development development NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 4 6 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 4 7 still still RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 4 8 at at IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 4 9 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 4 10 initial initial JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 4 11 stage stage NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 4 12 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 4 13 several several JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 4 14 preventive preventive JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 4 15 control control NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 4 16 measures measure NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 4 17 such such JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 4 18 as as IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 4 19 social social JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 4 20 distancing distancing NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 4 21 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 4 22 hand hand NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 4 23 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 4 24 hygiene hygiene NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 4 25 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 4 26 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 4 27 personal personal JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 4 28 protective protective JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 4 29 equipment equipment NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 4 30 have have VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 4 31 been be VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 4 32 recommended recommend VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 4 33 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 4 34 health health NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 4 35 professionals professional NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 4 36 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 4 37 organizations organization NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 4 38 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 5 1 Among among IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 5 2 them -PRON- PRP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 5 3 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 5 4 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 5 5 safe safe JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 5 6 wearing wearing NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 5 7 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 5 8 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 5 9 has have VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 5 10 played play VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 5 11 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 5 12 vital vital JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 5 13 role role NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 5 14 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 5 15 reducing reduce VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 5 16 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 5 17 likelihood likelihood NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 5 18 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 5 19 severity severity NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 5 20 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 5 21 infectious infectious JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 5 22 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 5 23 disease disease NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 5 24 transmission transmission NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 5 25 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 6 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 6 2 reported reported JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 6 3 research research NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 6 4 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 6 5 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 6 6 has have VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 6 7 covered cover VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 6 8 many many JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 6 9 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 6 10 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 6 11 material material NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 6 12 types type NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 6 13 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 6 14 fabrication fabrication NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 6 15 techniques technique NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 6 16 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 6 17 mechanism mechanism NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 6 18 characterization characterization NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 6 19 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 6 20 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 6 21 application application NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 6 22 aspects aspect NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 6 23 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 7 1 However however RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 7 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 7 3 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 7 4 more more JJR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 7 5 recent recent JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 7 6 times time NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 7 7 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 7 8 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 7 9 focus focus NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 7 10 has have VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 7 11 shifted shift VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 7 12 towards towards IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 7 13 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 7 14 theoretical theoretical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 7 15 investigations investigation NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 7 16 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 7 17 fluid fluid JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 7 18 flow flow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 7 19 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 7 20 involved involve VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 7 21 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 7 22 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 7 23 virus virus NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 7 24 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 7 25 laden laden JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 7 26 particles particle NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 7 27 prevention prevention NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 7 28 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 7 29 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 7 30 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 8 1 This this DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 8 2 exciting exciting JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 8 3 research research NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 8 4 domain domain NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 8 5 aims aim VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 8 6 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 8 7 address address VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 8 8 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 8 9 complex complex JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 8 10 fluid fluid JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 8 11 transport transport NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 8 12 that that WDT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 8 13 led lead VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 8 14 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 8 15 designing design VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 8 16 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 8 17 facemask facemask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 8 18 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 8 19 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 8 20 better well JJR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 8 21 performance performance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 8 22 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 9 1 This this DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 9 2 review review NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 9 3 paper paper NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 9 4 discusses discuss VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 9 5 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 9 6 recent recent JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 9 7 updates update NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 9 8 on on IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 9 9 fluid fluid JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 9 10 flow flow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 9 11 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 9 12 through through IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 9 13 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 9 14 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 9 15 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 10 1 Key key JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 10 2 design design NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 10 3 aspects aspect NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 10 4 such such JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 10 5 as as IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 10 6 thermal thermal JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 10 7 comfort comfort NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 10 8 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 10 9 flow flow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 10 10 resistance resistance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 10 11 are be VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 10 12 discussed discuss VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 10 13 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 11 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 11 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 11 3 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 11 4 recent recent JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 11 5 progress progress NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 11 6 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 11 7 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 11 8 investigations investigation NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 11 9 on on IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 11 10 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 11 11 efficacy efficacy NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 11 12 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 11 13 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 11 14 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 11 15 prevention prevention NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 11 16 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 11 17 COVID COVID NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 11 18 19 19 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 11 19 spread spread NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 11 20 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 11 21 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 11 22 impact impact NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 11 23 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 11 24 wearing wear VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 11 25 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 11 26 are be VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 11 27 presented present VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 11 28 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 12 1 Finally finally RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 12 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 12 3 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 12 4 potential potential JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 12 5 research research NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 12 6 directions direction NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 12 7 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 12 8 analyzing analyze VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 12 9 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 12 10 fluid fluid JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 12 11 flow flow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 12 12 behavior behavior NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 12 13 are be VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 12 14 highlighted highlight VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 12 15 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 13 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 13 2 person person NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 13 3 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 13 4 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 13 5 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 13 6 person person NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 13 7 transmission transmission NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 13 8 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 13 9 infectious infectious JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 13 10 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 13 11 diseases disease NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 13 12 occurs occur VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 13 13 primarily primarily RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 13 14 due due IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 13 15 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 13 16 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 13 17 transportation transportation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 13 18 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 13 19 virus virus NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 13 20 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 13 21 laden laden JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 13 22 fluid fluid NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 13 23 particles particle NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 13 24 from from IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 13 25 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 13 26 infected infected JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 13 27 person person NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 13 28 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 14 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 14 2 contagious contagious JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 14 3 fluid fluid NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 14 4 particles particle NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 14 5 originate originate VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 14 6 from from IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 14 7 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 14 8 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 14 9 tract tract NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 14 10 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 14 11 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 14 12 person person NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 14 13 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 14 14 are be VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 14 15 expelled expel VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 14 16 from from IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 14 17 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 14 18 nose nose NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 14 19 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 14 20 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 14 21 mouth mouth NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 14 22 during during IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 14 23 breathing breathing NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 14 24 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 14 25 talking talk VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 14 26 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 14 27 singing singe VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 14 28 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 14 29 sneezing sneeze VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 14 30 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 14 31 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 14 32 coughing cough VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 14 33 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 15 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 15 2 1 1 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 15 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 15 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 15 5 2 2 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 15 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 15 7 [ [ -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 15 8 3 3 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 15 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 16 1 These these DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 16 2 particles particle NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 16 3 have have VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 16 4 been be VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 16 5 broadly broadly RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 16 6 classified classify VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 16 7 into into IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 16 8 two two CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 16 9 types type NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 16 10 : : : cord-129086-ra2njvcz 16 11 aerosols aerosol NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 16 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 16 13 aerodynamic aerodynamic JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 16 14 particle particle NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 16 15 size size NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 16 16 < < XX cord-129086-ra2njvcz 16 17 5 5 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 16 18 µm µm CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 16 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 16 20 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 16 21 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 16 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 16 23 aerodynamic aerodynamic JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 16 24 particle particle NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 16 25 size size NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 16 26 ≥ ≥ CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 16 27 5 5 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 16 28 µm-10 µm-10 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 16 29 µm µm NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 16 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 16 31 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 17 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 17 2 4 4 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 17 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 17 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 17 5 5 5 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 17 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 17 7 [ [ -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 17 8 6 6 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 17 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 18 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 18 2 finding finding NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 18 3 indicated indicate VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 18 4 that that IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 18 5 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 18 6 transmission transmission NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 18 7 phenomena phenomenon NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 18 8 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 18 9 these these DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 18 10 expelled expel VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 18 11 virus virus NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 18 12 particles particle NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 18 13 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 18 14 patients patient NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 18 15 would would MD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 18 16 be be VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 18 17 dependent dependent JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 18 18 on on IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 18 19 droplet droplet NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 18 20 sizes size NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 18 21 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 1 Larger large JJR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 2 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 3 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 4 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 5 once once RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 6 expelled expel VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 7 from from IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 8 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 9 mouth mouth NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 10 or or CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 11 nose nose NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 12 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 13 undergo undergo VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 14 gravitational gravitational JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 15 settling settle VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 16 before before IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 17 evaporation evaporation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 18 ; ; : cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 19 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 20 contrast contrast NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 21 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 22 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 23 smaller small JJR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 24 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 25 particles particle NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 26 evaporate evaporate VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 27 faster fast RBR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 28 than than IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 29 they -PRON- PRP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 30 settle settle VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 31 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 32 subsequently subsequently RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 33 forming form VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 34 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 35 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 36 aerosolized aerosolize VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 37 droplet droplet NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 38 nuclei nucleus NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 39 that that WDT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 40 can can MD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 41 be be VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 42 suspended suspend VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 43 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 44 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 45 air air NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 46 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 47 prolonged prolonged JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 48 periods period NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 49 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 50 travel travel VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 51 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 52 air air NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 53 over over IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 54 long long JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 55 distances distance NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 19 56 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 20 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 20 2 research research NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 20 3 studies study NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 20 4 have have VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 20 5 revealed reveal VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 20 6 that that IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 20 7 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 20 8 severe severe JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 20 9 acute acute JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 20 10 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 20 11 syndrome syndrome NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 20 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 20 13 SARS SARS NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 20 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 20 15 epidemic epidemic NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 20 16 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 20 17 2003 2003 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 20 18 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 20 19 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 20 20 current current JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 20 21 global global JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 20 22 pandemic pandemic NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 20 23 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 20 24 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 20 25 disease disease NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 20 26 2019 2019 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 20 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 20 28 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 20 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 20 30 predominantly predominantly RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 20 31 transmitted transmit VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 20 32 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 20 33 contact contact NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 20 34 or or CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 20 35 through through IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 20 36 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 20 37 airborne airborne JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 20 38 route route NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 20 39 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 21 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 21 2 7 7 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 21 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 21 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 21 5 8 8 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 21 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 21 7 [ [ -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 21 8 9 9 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 21 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 22 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 22 2 10 10 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 22 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 22 4 Several several JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 22 5 preventive preventive JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 22 6 strategies strategy NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 22 7 such such JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 22 8 as as IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 22 9 safe safe JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 22 10 distancing distancing NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 22 11 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 22 12 contact contact NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 22 13 tracing tracing NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 22 14 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 22 15 isolation isolation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 22 16 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 22 17 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 22 18 infected infected JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 22 19 person person NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 22 20 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 22 21 hand hand NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 22 22 hygiene hygiene NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 22 23 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 22 24 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 22 25 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 22 26 have have VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 22 27 been be VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 22 28 widely widely RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 22 29 employed employ VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 22 30 against against IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 22 31 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 22 32 rapid rapid JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 22 33 spread spread NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 22 34 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 22 35 these these DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 22 36 diseases disease NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 22 37 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 23 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 23 2 11 11 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 23 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 23 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 23 5 12 12 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 23 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 23 7 [ [ -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 23 8 13 13 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 23 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 24 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 24 2 14 14 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 24 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 25 1 Among among IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 25 2 them -PRON- PRP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 25 3 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 25 4 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 25 5 use use NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 25 6 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 25 7 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 25 8 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 25 9 have have VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 25 10 proven prove VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 25 11 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 25 12 be be VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 25 13 one one CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 25 14 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 25 15 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 25 16 most most RBS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 25 17 effective effective JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 25 18 protective protective JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 25 19 measures measure NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 25 20 against against IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 25 21 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 25 22 airborne airborne JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 25 23 virus virus NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 25 24 transmission transmission NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 25 25 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 26 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 26 2 15 15 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 26 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 26 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 26 5 16 16 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 26 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 26 7 [ [ -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 26 8 17 17 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 26 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 26 10 [ [ -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 26 11 18 18 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 26 12 ] ] -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 26 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 26 14 19 19 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 26 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 27 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 27 2 20 20 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 27 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 28 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 28 2 research research NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 28 3 suggested suggest VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 28 4 that that IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 28 5 face face NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 28 6 coverings covering NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 28 7 could could MD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 28 8 essentially essentially RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 28 9 reduce reduce VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 28 10 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 28 11 forward forward JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 28 12 distance distance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 28 13 traveled travel VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 28 14 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 28 15 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 28 16 virus virus NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 28 17 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 28 18 laden laden JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 28 19 droplet droplet NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 28 20 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 28 21 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 28 22 thus thus RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 28 23 has have VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 28 24 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 28 25 great great JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 28 26 potential potential NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 28 27 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 28 28 provide provide VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 28 29 personal personal JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 28 30 protection protection NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 28 31 against against IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 28 32 airborne airborne JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 28 33 infection infection NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 28 34 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 29 1 21 21 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 29 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 29 3 22 22 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 30 1 Recently recently RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 30 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 30 3 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 30 4 World World NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 30 5 Health Health NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 30 6 Organization Organization NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 30 7 WHO who WP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 30 8 has have VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 30 9 recommended recommend VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 30 10 using use VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 30 11 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 30 12 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 30 13 initial initial JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 30 14 control control NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 30 15 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 30 16 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 30 17 spread spread NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 30 18 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 31 1 23 23 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 32 1 In in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 32 2 general general JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 32 3 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 32 4 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 32 5 fall fall VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 32 6 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 32 7 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 32 8 category category NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 32 9 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 32 10 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 32 11 protection protection NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 32 12 equipment equipment NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 32 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 32 14 RPE RPE NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 32 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 33 1 whose whose WP$ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 33 2 primary primary JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 33 3 function function NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 33 4 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 33 5 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 33 6 protect protect VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 33 7 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 33 8 wearer wearer NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 33 9 from from IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 33 10 airborne airborne JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 33 11 viruses virus NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 33 12 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 33 13 contaminated contaminate VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 33 14 fluids fluid NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 33 15 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 34 1 There there EX cord-129086-ra2njvcz 34 2 are be VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 34 3 various various JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 34 4 RPE rpe NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 34 5 types type NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 34 6 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 34 7 ranging range VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 34 8 from from IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 34 9 simple simple JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 34 10 homemade homemade JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 34 11 reusable reusable JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 34 12 cloth cloth NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 34 13 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 34 14 based base VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 34 15 masks mask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 34 16 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 34 17 surgical surgical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 34 18 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 34 19 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 34 20 N95 N95 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 34 21 respirators respirator NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 34 22 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 34 23 self self NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 34 24 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 34 25 contained contain VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 34 26 breathing breathing NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 34 27 apparatus apparatus NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 34 28 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 35 1 18 18 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 35 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 35 3 [ [ -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 35 4 24 24 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 35 5 ] ] -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 35 6 [ [ -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 35 7 25 25 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 35 8 ] ] -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 35 9 [ [ -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 35 10 26 26 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 35 11 ] ] -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 35 12 [ [ -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 35 13 27 27 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 35 14 ] ] -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 36 1 Different different JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 36 2 types type NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 36 3 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 36 4 masks mask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 36 5 provide provide VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 36 6 different different JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 36 7 levels level NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 36 8 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 36 9 protection protection NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 36 10 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 36 11 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 36 12 wearer wearer NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 36 13 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 37 1 Surgical surgical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 37 2 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 37 3 are be VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 37 4 loose loose JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 37 5 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 37 6 fitting fitting JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 37 7 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 37 8 fluid fluid JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 37 9 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 37 10 resistant resistant JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 37 11 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 37 12 single single JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 37 13 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 37 14 time time NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 37 15 use use NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 37 16 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 37 17 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 37 18 disposable disposable JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 37 19 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 37 20 designed design VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 37 21 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 37 22 cover cover VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 37 23 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 37 24 mouth mouth NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 37 25 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 37 26 nose nose NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 37 27 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 38 1 These these DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 38 2 masks mask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 38 3 are be VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 38 4 fluid fluid JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 38 5 resistant resistant JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 38 6 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 38 7 intended intend VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 38 8 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 38 9 reducing reduce VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 38 10 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 38 11 emission emission NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 38 12 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 38 13 large large JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 38 14 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 38 15 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 38 16 released release VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 38 17 during during IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 38 18 coughing cough VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 38 19 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 38 20 sneezing sneezing NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 38 21 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 39 1 28 28 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 39 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 39 3 29 29 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 40 1 However however RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 40 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 40 3 there there EX cord-129086-ra2njvcz 40 4 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 40 5 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 40 6 possibility possibility NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 40 7 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 40 8 leakage leakage NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 40 9 around around IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 40 10 these these DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 40 11 facemask facemask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 40 12 's 's POS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 40 13 edge edge NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 40 14 during during IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 40 15 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 40 16 inhaling inhaling NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 40 17 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 40 18 exhaling exhale VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 40 19 process process NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 40 20 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 41 1 Such such PDT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 41 2 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 41 3 dynamic dynamic JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 41 4 leakage leakage NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 41 5 allows allow VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 41 6 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 41 7 direct direct JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 41 8 contact contact NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 41 9 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 41 10 fluid fluid JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 41 11 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 41 12 from from IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 41 13 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 41 14 outside outside JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 41 15 air air NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 41 16 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 41 17 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 41 18 wearer wearer NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 41 19 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 41 20 vice vice NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 41 21 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 41 22 versa versa RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 41 23 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 42 1 Such such JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 42 2 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 42 3 masks mask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 42 4 may may MD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 42 5 also also RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 42 6 not not RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 42 7 provide provide VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 42 8 adequate adequate JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 42 9 protection protection NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 42 10 against against IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 42 11 extremely extremely RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 42 12 fine fine JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 42 13 aerosolized aerosolize VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 42 14 particles particle NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 42 15 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 42 16 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 42 17 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 42 18 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 42 19 nuclei nucleus NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 42 20 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 43 1 30 30 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 44 1 For for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 44 2 efficient efficient JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 44 3 trapping trapping NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 44 4 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 44 5 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 44 6 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 44 7 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 44 8 facemask facemask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 44 9 filters filter NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 44 10 should should MD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 44 11 contain contain VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 44 12 microscopic microscopic JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 44 13 pores pore NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 44 14 ; ; : cord-129086-ra2njvcz 44 15 however however RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 44 16 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 44 17 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 44 18 minute minute NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 44 19 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 44 20 sized sized JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 44 21 pores pore NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 44 22 prevent prevent VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 44 23 air air NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 44 24 ventilation ventilation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 44 25 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 44 26 which which WDT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 44 27 creates create VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 44 28 an an DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 44 29 uncomfortable uncomfortable JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 44 30 situation situation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 44 31 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 44 32 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 44 33 wearer wearer NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 44 34 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 45 1 Hence hence RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 45 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 45 3 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 45 4 better well JJR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 45 5 tradeoff tradeoff NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 45 6 between between IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 45 7 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 45 8 pore pore NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 45 9 sizes size NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 45 10 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 45 11 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 45 12 breathability breathability NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 45 13 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 45 14 desirable desirable JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 45 15 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 45 16 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 45 17 suitable suitable JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 45 18 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 45 19 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 46 1 Some some DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 46 2 mask mask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 46 3 types type NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 46 4 come come VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 46 5 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 46 6 inbuilt inbuilt JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 46 7 respirators respirator NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 46 8 such such JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 46 9 as as IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 46 10 filtering filter VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 46 11 facepiece facepiece NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 46 12 respirator respirator NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 46 13 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 46 14 P100 P100 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 46 15 respirator respirator NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 46 16 / / SYM cord-129086-ra2njvcz 46 17 gas gas NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 46 18 mask mask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 46 19 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 46 20 self self NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 46 21 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 46 22 contained contain VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 46 23 breathing breathing NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 46 24 apparatus apparatus NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 46 25 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 46 26 full full JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 46 27 face face NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 46 28 respirator respirator NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 46 29 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 46 30 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 46 31 KN95 KN95 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 46 32 respirators respirator NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 46 33 provide provide VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 46 34 better well JJR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 46 35 breathability breathability NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 46 36 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 46 37 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 46 38 users user NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 46 39 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 47 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 47 2 name name NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 47 3 designation designation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 47 4 ' ' `` cord-129086-ra2njvcz 47 5 N95 N95 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 47 6 ' ' '' cord-129086-ra2njvcz 47 7 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 47 8 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 47 9 N95 N95 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 47 10 respirators respirator NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 47 11 refers refer VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 47 12 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 47 13 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 47 14 filtration filtration NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 47 15 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 47 16 0.3 0.3 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 47 17 μm μm NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 47 18 sized sized JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 47 19 particles particle NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 47 20 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 47 21 95 95 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 47 22 % % NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 47 23 efficiency efficiency NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 47 24 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 48 1 31 31 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 49 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 49 2 filtration filtration NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 49 3 mechanism mechanism NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 49 4 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 49 5 N95 N95 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 49 6 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 49 7 operates operate VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 49 8 on on IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 49 9 three three CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 49 10 possible possible JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 49 11 principles principle NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 49 12 : : : cord-129086-ra2njvcz 49 13 diffusion diffusion NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 49 14 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 49 15 inertial inertial JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 49 16 impaction impaction NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 49 17 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 49 18 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 49 19 electrostatic electrostatic JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 49 20 attraction attraction NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 49 21 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 50 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 50 2 smaller small JJR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 50 3 particles particle NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 50 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 50 5 < < NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 50 6 1 1 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 50 7 micron micron NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 50 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 50 9 usually usually RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 50 10 get get VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 50 11 diffused diffuse VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 50 12 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 50 13 stuck stick VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 50 14 on on IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 50 15 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 50 16 filter filter NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 50 17 's 's POS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 50 18 fibrous fibrous JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 50 19 layers layer NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 50 20 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 51 1 Whereas whereas IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 51 2 particles particle NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 51 3 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 51 4 typically typically RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 51 5 1 1 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 51 6 micron micron NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 51 7 or or CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 51 8 larger large JJR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 51 9 realize realize VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 51 10 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 51 11 inertia inertia NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 51 12 effect effect NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 51 13 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 51 14 preventing prevent VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 51 15 them -PRON- PRP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 51 16 from from IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 51 17 flowing flow VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 51 18 across across IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 51 19 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 51 20 fibers fiber NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 51 21 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 51 22 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 51 23 filtration filtration NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 51 24 layers layer NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 51 25 slam slam VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 51 26 into into IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 51 27 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 51 28 mask mask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 51 29 layers layer NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 51 30 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 51 31 filtered filter VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 51 32 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 52 1 N95 N95 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 52 2 masks mask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 52 3 are be VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 52 4 designed design VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 52 5 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 52 6 single single JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 52 7 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 52 8 use use NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 52 9 because because IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 52 10 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 52 11 potential potential JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 52 12 contamination contamination NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 52 13 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 52 14 filter filter NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 52 15 layers layer NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 52 16 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 52 17 resulting result VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 52 18 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 52 19 rapid rapid JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 52 20 degradation degradation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 52 21 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 52 22 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 52 23 filtration filtration NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 52 24 efficiency efficiency NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 52 25 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 53 1 However however RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 53 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 53 3 several several JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 53 4 innovative innovative JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 53 5 techniques technique NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 53 6 have have VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 53 7 been be VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 53 8 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 53 9 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 53 10 decontaminating decontaminate VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 53 11 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 53 12 reusing reuse VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 53 13 N95 N95 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 53 14 masks mask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 53 15 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 54 1 32 32 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 54 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 54 3 33 33 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 55 1 Some some DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 55 2 recent recent JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 55 3 N95 N95 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 55 4 respirator respirator NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 55 5 masks mask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 55 6 are be VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 55 7 fabricated fabricate VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 55 8 using use VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 55 9 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 55 10 electrocharged electrocharge VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 55 11 polymers polymer NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 55 12 or or CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 55 13 electrospun electrospun NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 55 14 nanofibers nanofibers NNPS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 55 15 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 56 1 34 34 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 56 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 56 3 35 35 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 56 4 These these DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 56 5 materials material NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 56 6 have have VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 56 7 intrinsic intrinsic JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 56 8 electrostatic electrostatic JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 56 9 properties property NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 56 10 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 56 11 attract attract VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 56 12 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 56 13 small small JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 56 14 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 56 15 tolarge tolarge NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 56 16 oppositely oppositely RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 56 17 charged charge VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 56 18 particles particle NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 56 19 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 56 20 which which WDT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 56 21 help help VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 56 22 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 56 23 better well JJR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 56 24 filtration filtration NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 56 25 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 56 26 small small JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 56 27 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 56 28 size size NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 56 29 particle particle NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 56 30 transmission transmission NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 56 31 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 57 1 36 36 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 57 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 57 3 37 37 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 58 1 Because because IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 58 2 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 58 3 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 58 4 ongoing ongoing JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 58 5 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 58 6 pandemic pandemic NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 58 7 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 58 8 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 58 9 significant significant JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 58 10 demand demand NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 58 11 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 58 12 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 58 13 has have VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 58 14 been be VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 58 15 reported report VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 58 16 worldwide worldwide RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 58 17 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 58 18 while while IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 58 19 stimulating stimulate VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 58 20 research research NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 58 21 about about IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 58 22 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 58 23 efficacy efficacy NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 58 24 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 58 25 filtering filter VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 58 26 expelled expel VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 58 27 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 58 28 from from IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 58 29 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 58 30 mouth mouth NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 58 31 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 58 32 nose nose NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 58 33 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 58 34 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 58 35 infected infected JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 58 36 person person NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 58 37 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 59 1 In in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 59 2 this this DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 59 3 regard regard NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 59 4 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 59 5 considerable considerable JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 59 6 efforts effort NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 59 7 have have VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 59 8 been be VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 59 9 made make VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 59 10 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 59 11 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 59 12 past past NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 59 13 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 59 14 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 59 15 evaluation evaluation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 59 16 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 59 17 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 59 18 performance performance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 59 19 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 60 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 60 2 quantitative quantitative JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 60 3 performance performance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 60 4 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 60 5 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 60 6 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 60 7 has have VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 60 8 been be VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 60 9 typically typically RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 60 10 characterized characterize VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 60 11 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 60 12 evaluating evaluate VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 60 13 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 60 14 filtration filtration NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 60 15 efficiency efficiency NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 60 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 60 17 FE FE NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 60 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 60 19 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 60 20 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 60 21 total total JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 60 22 inward inward JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 60 23 leakage leakage NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 60 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 60 25 TIL TIL NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 60 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 60 27 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 61 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 61 2 38 38 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 61 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 61 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 61 5 39 39 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 61 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 61 7 [ [ -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 61 8 40 40 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 61 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 61 10 [ [ -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 61 11 41 41 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 61 12 ] ] -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 62 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 62 2 filtration filtration NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 62 3 efficiency efficiency NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 62 4 refers refer VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 62 5 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 62 6 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 62 7 percentage percentage NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 62 8 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 62 9 blocked block VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 62 10 particles particle NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 62 11 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 62 12 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 62 13 tightly tightly RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 62 14 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 62 15 fitted fit VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 62 16 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 62 17 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 63 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 63 2 filtration filtration NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 63 3 efficiency efficiency NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 63 4 can can MD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 63 5 be be VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 63 6 calculated calculate VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 63 7 as as IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 63 8 = = LS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 63 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 63 10 1 1 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 63 11 − − NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 63 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 63 13 ⁄ ⁄ NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 63 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 63 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 64 1 × × NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 64 2 100 100 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 64 3 % % NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 64 4 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 64 5 where where WRB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 64 6 0 0 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 64 7 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 64 8 are be VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 64 9 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 64 10 particle particle NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 64 11 count count NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 64 12 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 64 13 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 64 14 upstream upstream JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 64 15 feed feed NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 64 16 prior prior RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 64 17 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 64 18 filtration filtration NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 64 19 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 64 20 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 64 21 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 64 22 downstream downstream JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 64 23 filtrate filtrate NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 64 24 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 64 25 respectively respectively RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 64 26 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 65 1 TIL TIL NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 65 2 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 65 3 defined define VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 65 4 as as IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 65 5 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 65 6 percentage percentage NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 65 7 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 65 8 particles particle NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 65 9 entering enter VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 65 10 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 65 11 mask mask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 65 12 through through IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 65 13 both both CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 65 14 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 65 15 filter filter NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 65 16 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 65 17 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 65 18 leakage leakage NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 65 19 between between IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 65 20 mask mask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 65 21 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 65 22 face face NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 65 23 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 66 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 66 2 total total JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 66 3 inward inward JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 66 4 leakage leakage NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 66 5 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 66 6 calculated calculate VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 66 7 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 66 8 dividing divide VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 66 9 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 66 10 particle particle NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 66 11 concentrations concentration NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 66 12 on on IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 66 13 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 66 14 outside outside NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 66 15 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 66 16 inside inside IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 66 17 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 66 18 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 66 19 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 67 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 67 2 protection protection NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 67 3 factor factor NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 67 4 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 67 5 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 67 6 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 67 7 can can MD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 67 8 be be VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 67 9 determined determine VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 67 10 from from IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 67 11 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 67 12 expression expression NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 67 13 ; ; : cord-129086-ra2njvcz 67 14 PF PF NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 67 15 = = SYM cord-129086-ra2njvcz 67 16 1 1 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 67 17 / / SYM cord-129086-ra2njvcz 67 18 TIL TIL NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 67 19 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 68 1 Higher high JJR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 68 2 PF PF NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 68 3 value value NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 68 4 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 68 5 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 68 6 masks mask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 68 7 perform perform VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 68 8 better well JJR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 68 9 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 68 10 virus virus NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 68 11 transmission transmission NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 68 12 control control NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 68 13 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 69 1 16 16 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 70 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 70 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 70 3 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 70 4 fluid fluid JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 70 5 penetration penetration NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 70 6 resistance resistance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 70 7 performance performance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 70 8 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 70 9 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 70 10 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 70 11 have have VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 70 12 been be VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 70 13 evaluated evaluate VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 70 14 as as IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 70 15 per per IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 70 16 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 70 17 ASTM ASTM NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 70 18 F1862 F1862 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 70 19 /F1862 /F1862 . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 70 20 M M NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 70 21 -17 -17 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 70 22 standards standard NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 70 23 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 71 1 42 42 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 71 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 71 3 43 43 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 72 1 However however RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 72 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 72 3 this this DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 72 4 test test NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 72 5 method method NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 72 6 does do VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 72 7 not not RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 72 8 evaluate evaluate VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 72 9 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 72 10 ' ' POS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 72 11 performance performance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 72 12 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 72 13 airborne airborne JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 72 14 exposure exposure NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 72 15 pathways pathway NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 72 16 or or CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 72 17 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 72 18 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 72 19 prevention prevention NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 72 20 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 72 21 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 72 22 penetration penetration NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 72 23 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 72 24 aerosolized aerosolize VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 72 25 fluids fluid NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 72 26 deposited deposit VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 72 27 on on IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 72 28 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 72 29 facemask facemask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 72 30 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 73 1 In in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 73 2 recent recent JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 73 3 times time NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 73 4 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 73 5 some some DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 73 6 qualitative qualitative JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 73 7 analysis analysis NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 73 8 has have VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 73 9 been be VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 73 10 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 73 11 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 73 12 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 73 13 rapid rapid JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 73 14 design design NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 73 15 characterization characterization NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 73 16 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 73 17 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 73 18 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 74 1 44 44 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 75 1 While while IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 75 2 these these DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 75 3 experimental experimental JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 75 4 studies study NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 75 5 are be VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 75 6 essential essential JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 75 7 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 75 8 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 75 9 broad broad JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 75 10 characterization characterization NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 75 11 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 75 12 design design NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 75 13 evaluation evaluation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 75 14 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 75 15 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 75 16 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 75 17 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 75 18 further further RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 75 19 theoretical theoretical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 75 20 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 75 21 numerical numerical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 75 22 methods method NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 75 23 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 75 24 algorithm algorithm NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 75 25 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 75 26 based base VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 75 27 investigations investigation NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 75 28 provide provide VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 75 29 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 75 30 better well JJR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 75 31 insight insight NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 75 32 into into IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 75 33 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 75 34 facemask facemask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 75 35 's 's POS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 75 36 fluid fluid JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 75 37 flow flow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 75 38 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 75 39 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 75 40 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 75 41 droplet droplet NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 75 42 leakage leakage NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 75 43 through through IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 75 44 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 75 45 facemask facemask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 75 46 openings opening NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 75 47 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 76 1 If if IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 76 2 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 76 3 facemask facemask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 76 4 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 76 5 donned don VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 76 6 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 76 7 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 76 8 prolonged prolonged JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 76 9 period period NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 76 10 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 76 11 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 76 12 captured capture VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 76 13 fluid fluid JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 76 14 vapor vapor NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 76 15 on on IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 76 16 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 76 17 filter filter NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 76 18 surface surface NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 76 19 may may MD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 76 20 reduce reduce VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 76 21 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 76 22 filtration filtration NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 76 23 efficiency efficiency NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 76 24 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 77 1 This this DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 77 2 saturation saturation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 77 3 effect effect NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 77 4 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 77 5 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 77 6 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 77 7 has have VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 77 8 been be VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 77 9 usually usually RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 77 10 neglected neglect VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 77 11 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 77 12 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 77 13 experimental experimental JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 77 14 studies study NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 77 15 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 78 1 To to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 78 2 involve involve VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 78 3 these these DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 78 4 factors factor NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 78 5 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 78 6 an an DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 78 7 alternative alternative JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 78 8 approach approach NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 78 9 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 78 10 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 78 11 computational computational JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 78 12 fluid fluid NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 78 13 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 78 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 78 15 CFD CFD NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 78 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 78 17 method method NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 78 18 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 78 19 can can MD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 78 20 be be VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 78 21 invaluable invaluable JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 78 22 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 78 23 understanding understand VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 78 24 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 78 25 fluid fluid JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 78 26 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 78 27 particle particle NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 78 28 flow flow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 78 29 behavior behavior NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 78 30 through through IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 78 31 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 78 32 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 78 33 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 79 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 79 2 fluid fluid JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 79 3 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 79 4 based base VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 79 5 numerical numerical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 79 6 techniques technique NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 79 7 have have VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 79 8 gained gain VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 79 9 momentum momentum NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 79 10 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 79 11 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 79 12 field field NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 79 13 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 79 14 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 79 15 facemask facemask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 79 16 research research NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 79 17 domain domain NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 79 18 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 80 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 80 2 computational computational JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 80 3 fluid fluid JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 80 4 flow flow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 80 5 models model NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 80 6 have have VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 80 7 shown show VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 80 8 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 80 9 potentials potential NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 80 10 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 80 11 an an DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 80 12 improved improved JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 80 13 prediction prediction NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 80 14 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 80 15 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 80 16 spreading spreading NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 80 17 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 80 18 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 80 19 virus virus NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 80 20 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 80 21 laden laden JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 80 22 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 80 23 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 80 24 aerosols aerosol NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 80 25 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 80 26 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 80 27 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 80 28 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 80 29 ambient ambient JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 80 30 environment environment NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 80 31 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 80 32 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 80 33 crucial crucial JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 80 34 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 80 35 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 80 36 public public JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 80 37 health health NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 80 38 responses response NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 80 39 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 81 1 This this DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 81 2 review review NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 81 3 paper paper NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 81 4 focuses focus VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 81 5 on on IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 81 6 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 81 7 fluid fluid JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 81 8 flow flow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 81 9 aspects aspect NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 81 10 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 81 11 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 81 12 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 81 13 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 81 14 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 81 15 efficacy efficacy NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 81 16 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 81 17 virus virus NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 81 18 transmission transmission NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 81 19 control control NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 81 20 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 82 1 Following follow VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 82 2 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 82 3 brief brief JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 82 4 introduction introduction NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 82 5 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 82 6 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 82 7 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 82 8 infectious infectious JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 82 9 diseases disease NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 82 10 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 82 11 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 82 12 control control NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 82 13 strategies strategy NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 82 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 82 15 section section NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 82 16 I I NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 82 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 82 18 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 82 19 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 82 20 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 82 21 droplet droplet NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 82 22 transportation transportation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 82 23 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 82 24 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 82 25 conjunction conjunction NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 82 26 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 82 27 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 82 28 possible possible JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 82 29 governing govern VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 82 30 equations equation NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 82 31 required require VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 82 32 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 82 33 estimating estimate VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 82 34 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 82 35 transport transport NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 82 36 phenomena phenomenon NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 82 37 have have VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 82 38 been be VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 82 39 presented present VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 82 40 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 82 41 section section NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 82 42 II II NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 82 43 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 83 1 Then then RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 83 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 83 3 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 83 4 droplet droplet NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 83 5 transport transport NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 83 6 behavior behavior NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 83 7 through through IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 83 8 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 83 9 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 83 10 has have VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 83 11 been be VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 83 12 described describe VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 83 13 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 83 14 section section NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 83 15 III III NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 83 16 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 84 1 Key key JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 84 2 design design NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 84 3 aspects aspect NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 84 4 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 84 5 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 84 6 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 84 7 have have VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 84 8 been be VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 84 9 explained explain VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 84 10 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 84 11 section section NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 84 12 IV IV NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 84 13 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 85 1 Section section NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 85 2 V v NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 85 3 covered cover VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 85 4 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 85 5 recent recent JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 85 6 progress progress NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 85 7 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 85 8 investigating investigate VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 85 9 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 85 10 efficacy efficacy NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 85 11 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 85 12 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 85 13 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 85 14 preventing prevent VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 85 15 virus virus NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 85 16 spread spread NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 85 17 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 86 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 86 2 impact impact NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 86 3 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 86 4 using use VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 86 5 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 86 6 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 86 7 have have VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 86 8 been be VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 86 9 discussed discuss VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 86 10 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 86 11 section section NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 86 12 VI VI NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 86 13 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 87 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 87 2 concluding conclude VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 87 3 remarks remark NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 87 4 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 87 5 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 87 6 brief brief JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 87 7 outlook outlook NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 87 8 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 87 9 future future JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 87 10 research research NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 87 11 directions direction NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 87 12 are be VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 87 13 summarized summarize VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 87 14 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 87 15 section section NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 87 16 VII vii NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 87 17 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 88 1 During during IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 88 2 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 88 3 sneezing sneeze VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 88 4 or or CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 88 5 coughing coughing NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 88 6 process process NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 88 7 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 88 8 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 88 9 dispersion dispersion NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 88 10 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 88 11 saliva saliva NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 88 12 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 88 13 or or CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 88 14 aerosols aerosol NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 88 15 from from IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 88 16 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 88 17 mouth mouth NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 88 18 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 88 19 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 88 20 ambient ambient NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 88 21 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 88 22 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 88 23 eventually eventually RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 88 24 on on IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 88 25 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 88 26 floor floor NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 88 27 accomplish accomplish VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 88 28 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 88 29 several several JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 88 30 stages stage NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 88 31 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 89 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 89 2 complete complete JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 89 3 transmission transmission NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 89 4 cycle cycle NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 89 5 involves involve VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 89 6 complex complex JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 89 7 flow flow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 89 8 phenomena phenomenon NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 89 9 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 89 10 ranging range VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 89 11 from from IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 89 12 air air NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 89 13 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 89 14 mucous mucous NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 89 15 interaction interaction NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 89 16 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 89 17 breaking breaking NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 89 18 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 89 19 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 89 20 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 89 21 turbulent turbulent JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 89 22 conical conical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 89 23 jets jet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 89 24 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 89 25 droplet droplet NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 89 26 evaporation evaporation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 89 27 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 89 28 deposition deposition NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 89 29 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 89 30 flow flow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 89 31 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 89 32 induced induce VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 89 33 particle particle NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 89 34 dispersion dispersion NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 89 35 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 89 36 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 89 37 sedimentation sedimentation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 89 38 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 90 1 45 45 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 91 1 After after IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 91 2 exhalation exhalation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 91 3 from from IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 91 4 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 91 5 mouth mouth NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 91 6 or or CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 91 7 nose nose NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 91 8 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 91 9 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 91 10 saliva saliva NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 91 11 droplet droplet NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 91 12 movement movement NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 91 13 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 91 14 initially initially RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 91 15 led lead VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 91 16 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 91 17 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 91 18 inertia inertia NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 91 19 force force NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 91 20 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 91 21 followed follow VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 91 22 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 91 23 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 91 24 formation formation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 91 25 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 91 26 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 91 27 conical conical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 91 28 jet jet NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 91 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 91 30 vortical vortical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 91 31 flow flow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 91 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 91 33 near near IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 91 34 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 91 35 mouth mouth NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 91 36 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 92 1 Once once IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 92 2 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 92 3 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 92 4 are be VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 92 5 expelled expel VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 92 6 from from IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 92 7 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 92 8 mouth mouth NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 92 9 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 92 10 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 92 11 inertia inertia NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 92 12 force force NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 92 13 gradually gradually RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 92 14 decreases decrease VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 92 15 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 92 16 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 92 17 other other JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 92 18 forces force NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 92 19 like like IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 92 20 gravity gravity NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 92 21 control control VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 92 22 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 92 23 dispersion dispersion NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 92 24 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 92 25 larger large JJR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 92 26 size size NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 92 27 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 92 28 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 92 29 while while IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 92 30 drag drag NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 92 31 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 92 32 Brownian Brownian NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 92 33 forces force NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 92 34 control control VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 92 35 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 92 36 smaller small JJR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 92 37 size size NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 92 38 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 92 39 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 93 1 After after IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 93 2 traveling travel VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 93 3 up up IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 93 4 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 93 5 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 93 6 particular particular JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 93 7 distance distance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 93 8 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 93 9 these these DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 93 10 virus virus NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 93 11 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 93 12 laden laden JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 93 13 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 93 14 settle settle VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 93 15 down down RP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 93 16 on on IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 93 17 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 93 18 floor floor NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 93 19 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 94 1 46 46 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 1 Thus thus RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 3 there there EX cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 4 are be VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 5 two two CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 6 major major JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 7 possible possible JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 8 pathways pathway NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 9 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 10 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 11 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 12 virus virus NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 13 transmission transmission NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 14 : : : cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 15 airborne airborne JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 16 inhalation inhalation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 17 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 18 smaller small JJR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 19 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 20 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 21 which which WDT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 22 are be VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 23 suspended suspend VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 24 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 25 ambient ambient JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 26 air air NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 27 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 28 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 29 more more RBR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 30 extended extended JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 31 period period NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 32 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 33 carrying carry VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 34 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 35 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 36 longer long JJR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 37 distance distance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 38 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 39 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 40 contact contact NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 42 direct direct JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 43 or or CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 44 indirect indirect JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 45 between between IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 46 people people NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 47 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 48 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 49 contaminated contaminated JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 50 surfaces surface NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 52 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 53 large large JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 54 size size NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 55 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 95 56 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 96 1 47 47 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 97 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 97 2 fluid fluid JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 97 3 flow flow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 97 4 behavior behavior NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 97 5 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 97 6 these these DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 97 7 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 97 8 has have VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 97 9 been be VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 97 10 modeled model VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 97 11 using use VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 97 12 two two CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 97 13 different different JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 97 14 phases phase NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 97 15 : : : cord-129086-ra2njvcz 97 16 continuous continuous JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 97 17 phase phase NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 97 18 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 97 19 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 97 20 small small JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 97 21 size size NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 97 22 droplet droplet NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 97 23 nuclei nucleus NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 97 24 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 97 25 discrete discrete JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 97 26 phase phase NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 97 27 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 97 28 large large JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 97 29 size size NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 97 30 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 97 31 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 98 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 98 2 fluid fluid JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 98 3 flow flow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 98 4 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 98 5 governed govern VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 98 6 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 98 7 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 98 8 Navier Navier NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 98 9 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 98 10 Stokes Stokes NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 98 11 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 98 12 mass mass JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 98 13 transfer transfer NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 98 14 equations equation NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 98 15 which which WDT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 98 16 are be VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 98 17 as as IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 98 18 follows follow VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 98 19 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 99 1 Continuity continuity NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 99 2 : : : cord-129086-ra2njvcz 99 3 Momentum momentum NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 99 4 : : : cord-129086-ra2njvcz 99 5 where where WRB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 99 6 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 99 7 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 99 8 ⃗ ⃗ NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 99 9 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 99 10 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 99 11 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 99 12 denotes denote VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 99 13 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 99 14 density density NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 99 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 99 16 −3 −3 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 99 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 99 18 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 99 19 time time NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 99 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 99 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 99 22 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 99 23 flow flow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 99 24 velocity velocity NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 99 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 99 26 −1 −1 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 99 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 99 28 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 99 29 pressure pressure NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 99 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 99 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 99 32 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 99 33 diffusion diffusion NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 99 34 coefficient coefficient NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 99 35 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 99 36 kinetic kinetic JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 99 37 viscosity viscosity NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 99 38 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 99 39 respectively respectively RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 99 40 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 100 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 100 2 conservation conservation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 100 3 laws law NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 100 4 can can MD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 100 5 be be VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 100 6 written write VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 100 7 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 100 8 tensor tensor NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 100 9 form form NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 100 10 as as IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 100 11 : : : cord-129086-ra2njvcz 101 1 Here here RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 101 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 101 3 ⃗ ⃗ NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 101 4 represents represent VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 101 5 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 101 6 flow flow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 101 7 velocity velocity NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 101 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 101 9 m m NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 101 10 / / SYM cord-129086-ra2njvcz 101 11 s s NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 101 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 101 13 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 101 14 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 101 15 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 101 16 source source NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 101 17 term term NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 101 18 that that WDT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 101 19 represents represent VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 101 20 other other JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 101 21 forces force NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 101 22 such such JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 101 23 as as IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 101 24 gravity gravity NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 101 25 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 101 26 Lorentz Lorentz NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 101 27 force force NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 101 28 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 101 29 etc etc FW cord-129086-ra2njvcz 101 30 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 102 1 which which WDT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 102 2 also also RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 102 3 leads lead VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 102 4 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 102 5 momentum momentum VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 102 6 accumulation accumulation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 102 7 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 103 1 For for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 103 2 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 103 3 Newtonian newtonian JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 103 4 fluids fluid NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 103 5 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 103 6 there there EX cord-129086-ra2njvcz 103 7 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 103 8 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 103 9 linear linear JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 103 10 relationship relationship NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 103 11 between between IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 103 12 shear shear NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 103 13 stress stress NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 103 14 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 103 15 velocity velocity NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 103 16 gradient gradient NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 103 17 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 104 1 So so RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 104 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 104 3 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 104 4 viscous viscous JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 104 5 stress stress NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 104 6 tensor tensor NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 104 7 can can MD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 104 8 be be VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 104 9 defined define VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 104 10 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 104 11 : : : cord-129086-ra2njvcz 104 12 In in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 104 13 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 104 14 overall overall JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 104 15 vector vector NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 104 16 form form NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 104 17 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 104 18 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 104 19 constitutive constitutive JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 104 20 equation equation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 104 21 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 104 22 where where WRB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 104 23 T T NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 104 24 denotes denote VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 104 25 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 104 26 transpose transpose NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 104 27 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 104 28 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 104 29 second second JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 104 30 velocity velocity NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 104 31 gradient gradient NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 104 32 outer outer JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 104 33 product product NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 104 34 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 105 1 For for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 105 2 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 105 3 Newtonian newtonian JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 105 4 fluid fluid NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 105 5 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 105 6 constant constant JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 105 7 µ µ NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 105 8 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 105 9 ρ ρ XX cord-129086-ra2njvcz 105 10 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 105 11 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 105 12 momentum momentum NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 105 13 equation equation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 105 14 can can MD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 105 15 be be VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 105 16 rewritten rewrite VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 105 17 as as IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 105 18 : : : cord-129086-ra2njvcz 105 19 Also also RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 105 20 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 105 21 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 105 22 fluctuation fluctuation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 105 23 velocity velocity NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 105 24 component component NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 105 25 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 105 26 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 105 27 laminar laminar JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 105 28 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 105 29 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 105 30 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 105 31 turbulent turbulent JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 105 32 airflow airflow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 105 33 field field NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 105 34 can can MD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 105 35 be be VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 105 36 predicted predict VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 105 37 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 105 38 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 105 39 Reynolds Reynolds NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 105 40 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 105 41 averaged average VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 105 42 Navier Navier NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 105 43 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 105 44 Stokes Stokes NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 105 45 equations equation NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 105 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 105 47 RANS RANS NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 105 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 105 49 model model NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 105 50 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 106 1 Where where WRB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 106 2 are be VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 106 3 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 106 4 damping damping NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 106 5 factors factor NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 106 6 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 106 7 reflect reflect VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 106 8 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 106 9 anisotropic anisotropic JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 106 10 magnitude magnitude NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 106 11 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 106 12 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 106 13 fluctuation fluctuation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 106 14 velocity velocity NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 106 15 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 106 16 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 106 17 near near JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 106 18 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 106 19 wall wall NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 106 20 region region NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 106 21 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 107 1 These these DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 107 2 are be VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 107 3 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 107 4 random random JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 107 5 numbers number NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 107 6 from from IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 107 7 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 107 8 standard standard JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 107 9 normal normal JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 107 10 distribution distribution NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 107 11 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 108 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 108 2 cough cough NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 108 3 spreading spread VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 108 4 phenomena phenomenon NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 108 5 can can MD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 108 6 be be VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 108 7 predicted predict VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 108 8 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 108 9 solving solve VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 108 10 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 108 11 diffusion diffusion NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 108 12 equation equation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 108 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 108 14 3 3 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 108 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 108 16 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 108 17 conjunction conjunction NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 108 18 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 108 19 some some DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 108 20 source source NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 108 21 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 108 22 sink sink NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 108 23 terms term NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 108 24 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 109 1 Vuorinen Vuorinen NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 109 2 et et NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 109 3 al al NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 109 4 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 110 1 49 49 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 110 2 developed develop VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 110 3 diffusion diffusion NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 110 4 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 110 5 based base VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 110 6 Monte Monte NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 110 7 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 110 8 Carlo Carlo NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 110 9 models model NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 110 10 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 110 11 realize realize VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 110 12 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 110 13 transmission transmission NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 110 14 phenomenon phenomenon NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 110 15 via via IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 110 16 inhalation inhalation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 110 17 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 110 18 aerosols aerosol NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 110 19 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 110 20 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 110 21 ambient ambient JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 110 22 flow flow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 110 23 field field NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 110 24 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 111 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 111 2 source source NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 111 3 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 111 4 sink sink NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 111 5 terms term NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 111 6 have have VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 111 7 been be VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 111 8 included include VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 111 9 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 111 10 conjunction conjunction NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 111 11 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 111 12 Eqn Eqn NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 111 13 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 112 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 112 2 3 3 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 112 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 112 4 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 113 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 113 2 source source NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 113 3 term term NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 113 4 represented represent VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 113 5 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 113 6 transient transient JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 113 7 location location NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 113 8 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 113 9 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 113 10 infected infected JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 113 11 persons person NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 113 12 while while IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 113 13 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 113 14 sink sink NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 113 15 term term NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 113 16 has have VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 113 17 been be VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 113 18 used use VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 113 19 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 113 20 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 113 21 ventilation ventilation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 113 22 surface surface NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 113 23 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 114 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 114 2 developed develop VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 114 3 models model NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 114 4 were be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 114 5 capable capable JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 114 6 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 114 7 predicting predict VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 114 8 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 114 9 aerosol aerosol NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 114 10 dispersions dispersion NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 114 11 at at IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 114 12 more more RBR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 114 13 realistic realistic JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 114 14 locations location NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 114 15 like like IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 114 16 generic generic JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 114 17 public public JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 114 18 place place NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 114 19 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 114 20 supermarkets supermarket NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 114 21 where where WRB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 114 22 cough cough NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 114 23 may may MD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 114 24 release release VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 114 25 from from IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 114 26 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 114 27 walking walk VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 114 28 person person NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 114 29 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 115 1 For for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 115 2 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 115 3 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 115 4 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 115 5 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 115 6 high high JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 115 7 droplet droplet NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 115 8 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 115 9 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 115 10 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 115 11 air air NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 115 12 density density NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 115 13 ratio ratio NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 115 14 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 115 15 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 115 16 droplet droplet NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 115 17 trajectories trajectory NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 115 18 have have VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 115 19 been be VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 115 20 predicted predict VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 115 21 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 115 22 solving solve VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 115 23 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 115 24 series series NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 115 25 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 115 26 translation translation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 115 27 equations equation NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 115 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 115 29 Lagrangian lagrangian JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 115 30 approach approach NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 115 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 115 32 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 115 33 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 115 34 discrete discrete JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 115 35 phase phase NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 115 36 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 115 37 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 115 38 assumptions assumption NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 115 39 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 115 40 stationary stationary JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 115 41 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 115 42 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 115 43 limited limited JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 115 44 thermophoresis thermophoresis NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 115 45 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 116 1 Continuous continuous JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 116 2 dispersion dispersion NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 116 3 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 116 4 saliva saliva NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 116 5 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 116 6 throughout throughout IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 116 7 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 116 8 computational computational JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 116 9 domain domain NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 116 10 has have VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 116 11 been be VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 116 12 considered consider VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 116 13 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 116 14 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 116 15 computations computation NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 116 16 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 117 1 Also also RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 117 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 117 3 some some DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 117 4 basic basic JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 117 5 parameters parameter NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 117 6 like like IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 117 7 velocity velocity NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 117 8 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 117 9 mass mass NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 117 10 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 117 11 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 117 12 position position NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 117 13 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 117 14 each each DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 117 15 droplet droplet NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 117 16 have have VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 117 17 been be VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 117 18 computed compute VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 117 19 at at IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 117 20 every every DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 117 21 time time NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 117 22 step step NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 117 23 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 118 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 118 2 translational translational JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 118 3 equation equation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 118 4 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 118 5 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 118 6 saliva saliva NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 118 7 micro micro JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 118 8 - - JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 118 9 droplet droplet NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 118 10 trajectory trajectory NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 118 11 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 118 12 given give VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 118 13 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 118 14 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 118 15 46 46 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 118 16 where where WRB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 118 17 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 118 18 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 118 19 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 118 20 are be VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 118 21 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 118 22 Stokes Stokes NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 118 23 drag drag NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 118 24 force force NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 118 25 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 118 26 gravity gravity NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 118 27 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 118 28 lift lift NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 118 29 or or CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 118 30 buoyancy buoyancy NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 118 31 force force NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 118 32 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 118 33 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 118 34 Brownian Brownian NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 118 35 motioninduced motioninduce VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 118 36 force force NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 118 37 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 118 38 respectively respectively RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 118 39 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 119 1 Also also RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 119 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 119 3 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 119 4 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 119 5 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 119 6 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 119 7 ⃗ ⃗ NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 119 8 are be VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 119 9 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 119 10 mass mass NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 119 11 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 119 12 radius radius NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 119 13 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 119 14 volume volume NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 119 15 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 119 16 density density NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 119 17 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 119 18 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 119 19 velocity velocity NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 119 20 vector vector NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 119 21 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 119 22 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 119 23 saliva saliva NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 119 24 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 119 25 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 119 26 respectively respectively RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 119 27 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 120 1 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 120 2 ⃗ ⃗ NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 120 3 are be VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 120 4 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 120 5 fluid fluid JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 120 6 density density NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 120 7 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 120 8 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 120 9 fluid fluid JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 120 10 velocity velocity NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 120 11 vector vector NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 120 12 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 120 13 respectively respectively RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 120 14 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 121 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 121 2 drag drag NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 121 3 coefficient coefficient NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 121 4 values value NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 121 5 depend depend VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 121 6 on on IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 121 7 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 121 8 droplet droplet NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 121 9 's 's POS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 121 10 Reynolds Reynolds NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 121 11 number number NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 121 12 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 121 13 can can MD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 121 14 be be VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 121 15 calculated calculate VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 121 16 from from IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 121 17 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 121 18 Here here RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 121 19 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 121 20 = = NFP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 122 1 2 2 LS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 122 2 |⃗ |⃗ NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 122 3 ⃗ ⃗ NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 122 4 −⃗ −⃗ NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 122 5 ⃗ ⃗ NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 122 6 | | NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 122 7 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 123 1 In in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 123 2 above above JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 123 3 expressions expression NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 123 4 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 123 5 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 123 6 droplet droplet NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 123 7 distribution distribution NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 123 8 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 123 9 an an DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 123 10 important important JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 123 11 factor factor NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 123 12 as as IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 123 13 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 123 14 size size NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 123 15 decides decide VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 123 16 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 123 17 travel travel NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 123 18 path path NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 123 19 distance distance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 123 20 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 123 21 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 123 22 eventually eventually RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 123 23 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 123 24 infection infection NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 123 25 risk risk NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 123 26 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 124 1 50 50 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 125 1 So so RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 125 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 125 3 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 125 4 coughing cough VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 125 5 simulation simulation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 125 6 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 125 7 droplet droplet NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 125 8 breakup breakup NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 125 9 approach approach NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 125 10 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 125 11 used use VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 125 12 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 126 1 Pendar Pendar NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 126 2 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 126 3 Páscoa Páscoa NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 126 4 46 46 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 126 5 used use VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 126 6 Rosin Rosin NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 126 7 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 126 8 Rammler Rammler NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 126 9 breakup breakup NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 126 10 approach approach NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 126 11 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 126 12 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 126 13 coughing cough VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 126 14 simulation simulation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 126 15 work work NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 126 16 Which which WDT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 126 17 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 126 18 expressed express VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 126 19 as as IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 126 20 : : : cord-129086-ra2njvcz 126 21 Where where WRB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 126 22 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 126 23 are be VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 126 24 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 126 25 exponential exponential JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 126 26 factors factor NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 126 27 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 126 28 average average JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 126 29 radius radius NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 126 30 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 126 31 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 126 32 droplet droplet NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 126 33 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 126 34 respectively respectively RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 126 35 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 127 1 These these DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 127 2 parameters parameter NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 127 3 are be VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 127 4 based base VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 127 5 on on IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 127 6 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 127 7 saliva saliva NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 127 8 flow flow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 127 9 rate rate NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 127 10 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 128 1 Recently recently RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 128 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 128 3 several several JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 128 4 studies study NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 128 5 have have VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 128 6 attempted attempt VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 128 7 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 128 8 understand understand VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 128 9 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 128 10 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 128 11 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 128 12 droplet droplet NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 128 13 formation formation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 128 14 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 128 15 transport transport NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 128 16 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 129 1 Cummins Cummins NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 129 2 et et NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 129 3 al al NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 129 4 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 130 1 51 51 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 130 2 investigated investigate VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 130 3 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 130 4 dispersion dispersion NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 130 5 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 130 6 spherical spherical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 130 7 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 130 8 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 130 9 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 130 10 presence presence NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 130 11 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 130 12 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 130 13 sourcesink sourcesink JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 130 14 pair pair NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 130 15 flow flow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 130 16 field field NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 130 17 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 131 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 131 2 Maxey Maxey NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 131 3 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 131 4 Riley Riley NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 131 5 equation equation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 131 6 was be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 131 7 used use VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 131 8 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 131 9 describe describe VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 131 10 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 131 11 finite finite JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 131 12 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 131 13 sized sized JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 131 14 spherical spherical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 131 15 particle particle NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 131 16 motion motion NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 131 17 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 131 18 an an DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 131 19 ambient ambient JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 131 20 fluid fluid NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 131 21 flow flow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 131 22 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 2 presented present VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 3 non non JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 4 - - JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 5 dimensional dimensional JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 6 mathematical mathematical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 7 models model NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 8 were be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 9 based base VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 10 on on IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 11 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 12 Newton Newton NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 13 's 's POS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 14 second second JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 15 law law NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 16 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 17 motion motion NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 18 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 19 which which WDT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 20 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 21 forces force NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 22 acting act VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 23 on on IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 24 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 25 particle particle NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 26 involved involve VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 27 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 28 gravity gravity NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 29 force force NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 30 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 31 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 32 drag drag NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 33 force force NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 34 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 35 an an DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 36 added add VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 37 mass mass NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 38 force force NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 39 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 40 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 41 force force NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 42 due due JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 43 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 44 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 45 undisturbed undisturbed JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 46 flow flow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 47 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 48 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 49 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 50 Basset Basset NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 51 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 52 Boussinesq Boussinesq NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 53 history history NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 54 term term NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 132 55 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 133 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 133 2 analytical analytical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 133 3 results result NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 133 4 suggested suggest VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 133 5 that that IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 133 6 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 133 7 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 133 8 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 133 9 smaller small JJR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 133 10 size size NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 133 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 133 12 < < NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 133 13 75 75 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 133 14 μm μm NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 133 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 133 16 moved move VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 133 17 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 133 18 greater great JJR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 133 19 distance distance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 133 20 because because IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 133 21 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 133 22 gravity gravity NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 133 23 's 's POS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 133 24 smaller small JJR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 133 25 impact impact NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 133 26 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 134 1 In in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 134 2 comparison comparison NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 134 3 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 134 4 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 134 5 larger large JJR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 134 6 size size NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 134 7 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 134 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 134 9 > > NFP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 134 10 400 400 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 134 11 μm μm NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 134 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 134 13 traveled travel VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 134 14 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 134 15 relatively relatively RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 134 16 long long JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 134 17 distance distance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 134 18 before before IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 134 19 getting get VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 134 20 pulled pull VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 134 21 into into IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 134 22 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 134 23 sink sink NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 134 24 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 134 25 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 134 26 more more RBR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 134 27 considerable considerable JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 134 28 inertia inertia NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 134 29 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 135 1 However however RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 135 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 135 3 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 135 4 dispersion dispersion NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 135 5 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 135 6 intermediate intermediate JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 135 7 size size NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 135 8 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 135 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 135 10 75 75 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 135 11 μm μm NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 135 12 -400 -400 NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 135 13 μm μm NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 135 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 135 15 was be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 135 16 found find VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 135 17 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 135 18 be be VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 135 19 complicated complicate VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 135 20 under under IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 135 21 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 135 22 influence influence NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 135 23 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 135 24 both both DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 135 25 drag drag VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 135 26 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 135 27 gravity gravity NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 135 28 forces force NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 135 29 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 136 1 Busco Busco NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 136 2 et et NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 136 3 al al NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 136 4 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 137 1 52 52 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 137 2 used use VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 137 3 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 137 4 computational computational JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 137 5 fluid fluid JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 137 6 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 137 7 approach approach VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 137 8 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 137 9 predict predict VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 137 10 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 137 11 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 137 12 aerosols aerosol NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 137 13 spread spread VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 137 14 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 138 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 138 2 biomechanics biomechanic NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 138 3 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 138 4 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 138 5 human human JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 138 6 sneeze sneeze NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 138 7 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 138 8 including include VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 138 9 complex complex JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 138 10 muscle muscle NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 138 11 contractions contraction NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 138 12 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 138 13 relaxations relaxation NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 138 14 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 138 15 were be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 138 16 included include VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 138 17 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 138 18 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 138 19 simulation simulation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 138 20 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 138 21 imposing impose VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 138 22 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 138 23 momentum momentum NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 138 24 source source NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 138 25 term term NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 138 26 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 138 27 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 138 28 coupled couple VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 138 29 Eulerian Eulerian NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 138 30 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 138 31 Lagrangian Lagrangian NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 138 32 momentum momentum NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 138 33 equations equation NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 138 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 138 35 13 13 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 138 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 138 37 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 139 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 139 2 instantaneous instantaneous JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 139 3 magnitude magnitude NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 139 4 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 139 5 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 139 6 sneezing sneeze VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 139 7 momentum momentum NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 139 8 source source NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 139 9 term term NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 139 10 has have VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 139 11 been be VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 139 12 defined define VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 139 13 as as IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 139 14 | | NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 139 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 139 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 139 17 | | NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 139 18 = = NFP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 139 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 139 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 140 1 ⁄ ⁄ NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 140 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 140 3 where where WRB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 140 4 p(t p(t NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 140 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 140 6 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 140 7 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 140 8 experimental experimental JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 140 9 pressure pressure NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 140 10 signal signal NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 140 11 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 140 12 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 140 13 L l NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 140 14 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 140 15 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 140 16 characteristic characteristic JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 140 17 equivalent equivalent JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 140 18 length length NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 140 19 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 140 20 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 140 21 human human JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 140 22 upper upper JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 140 23 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 140 24 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 140 25 system system NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 140 26 ducts duct NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 140 27 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 141 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 141 2 experimental experimental JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 141 3 results result NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 141 4 validated validate VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 141 5 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 141 6 developed develop VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 141 7 model model NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 141 8 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 141 9 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 141 10 estimation estimation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 141 11 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 141 12 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 141 13 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 141 14 aerosols aerosol NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 141 15 spreads spread VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 141 16 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 142 1 Das Das NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 142 2 et et FW cord-129086-ra2njvcz 142 3 al al NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 142 4 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 143 1 53 53 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 143 2 investigated investigate VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 143 3 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 143 4 airborne airborne JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 143 5 virus virus NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 143 6 transmission transmission NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 143 7 through through IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 143 8 sneezed sneeze VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 143 9 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 143 10 coughed cough VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 143 11 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 143 12 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 143 13 aerosols aerosol NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 143 14 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 144 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 144 2 ejected eject VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 144 3 droplet droplet NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 144 4 motions motion NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 144 5 were be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 144 6 estimated estimate VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 144 7 both both CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 144 8 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 144 9 still still RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 144 10 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 144 11 flowing flow VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 144 12 air air NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 144 13 conditions condition NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 144 14 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 144 15 solving solve VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 144 16 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 144 17 Langevin Langevin NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 144 18 differential differential JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 144 19 equation equation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 144 20 using use VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 144 21 Monte Monte NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 144 22 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 144 23 Carlo Carlo NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 144 24 numerical numerical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 144 25 method method NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 144 26 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 145 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 145 2 Langevin Langevin NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 145 3 equations equation NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 145 4 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 145 5 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 145 6 transport transport NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 145 7 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 145 8 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 145 9 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 145 10 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 145 11 mass mass NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 145 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 145 13 M M NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 145 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 145 15 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 145 16 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 145 17 still still JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 145 18 air air NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 145 19 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 145 20 given give VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 145 21 as as IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 145 22 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 145 23 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 145 24 are be VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 145 25 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 145 26 coordinate coordinate NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 145 27 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 145 28 velocity velocity NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 145 29 shift shift NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 145 30 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 145 31 each each DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 145 32 discrete discrete JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 145 33 time time NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 145 34 step step NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 145 35 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 145 36 respectively respectively RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 145 37 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 145 38 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 145 39 stands stand VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 145 40 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 145 41 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 145 42 Cartesian cartesian JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 145 43 components component NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 145 44 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 145 45 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 145 46 position position NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 145 47 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 145 48 velocity velocity NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 145 49 vectors vector NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 145 50 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 146 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 146 2 first first JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 146 3 term term NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 146 4 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 146 5 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 146 6 righthand righthand JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 146 7 side side NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 146 8 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 146 9 Eq.(17 Eq.(17 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 146 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 146 11 represents represent VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 146 12 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 146 13 dissipative dissipative JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 146 14 force force NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 146 15 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 147 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 147 2 second second JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 147 3 term term NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 147 4 stands stand VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 147 5 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 147 6 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 147 7 diffusive diffusive JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 147 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 147 9 stochastic stochastic JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 147 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 147 11 force force NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 147 12 where where WRB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 147 13 ξ(t ξ(t NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 147 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 147 15 that that WDT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 147 16 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 147 17 regulated regulate VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 147 18 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 147 19 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 147 20 diffusion diffusion NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 147 21 coefficient coefficient NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 147 22 D. D. NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 147 23 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 147 24 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 147 25 gravitation gravitation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 147 26 force force NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 147 27 term term NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 147 28 acting act VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 147 29 on on IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 147 30 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 147 31 droplet droplet NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 147 32 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 147 33 mass mass NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 147 34 M. m. NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 148 1 In in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 148 2 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 148 3 expression expression NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 148 4 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 148 5 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 148 6 value value NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 148 7 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 148 8 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 148 9 drag drag NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 148 10 coefficients coefficient NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 148 11 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 148 12 obtained obtain VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 148 13 using use VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 148 14 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 148 15 Stokes Stokes NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 148 16 formula formula NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 148 17 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 149 1 = = SYM cord-129086-ra2njvcz 149 2 6 6 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 149 3 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 149 4 here here RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 149 5 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 149 6 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 149 7 droplet droplet NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 149 8 radius radius NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 149 9 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 149 10 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 149 11 viscosity viscosity NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 149 12 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 150 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 150 2 diffusion diffusion NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 150 3 coefficient coefficient NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 150 4 D d NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 150 5 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 150 6 obtained obtain VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 150 7 from from IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 150 8 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 150 9 Einstein Einstein NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 150 10 relation relation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 150 11 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 150 12 = = SYM cord-129086-ra2njvcz 150 13 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 150 14 where where WRB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 150 15 = = NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 150 16 1.38 1.38 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 150 17 × × NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 151 1 10 10 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 151 2 −23 −23 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 151 3 ⁄ ⁄ NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 151 4 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 151 5 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 151 6 Boltzmann Boltzmann NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 151 7 constant constant NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 151 8 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 151 9 T T NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 151 10 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 151 11 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 151 12 temperature temperature NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 151 13 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 151 14 Kelvin Kelvin NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 151 15 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 152 1 As as IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 152 2 shown show VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 152 3 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 152 4 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 152 5 Langevin Langevin NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 152 6 differential differential JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 152 7 equations equation NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 152 8 contain contain VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 152 9 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 152 10 stochastic stochastic JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 152 11 source source NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 152 12 term term NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 152 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 152 14 diffusive diffusive JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 152 15 force force NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 152 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 152 17 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 152 18 which which WDT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 152 19 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 152 20 usually usually RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 152 21 ignored ignore VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 152 22 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 152 23 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 152 24 Eulerian Eulerian NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 152 25 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 152 26 Lagrangian Lagrangian NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 152 27 approach approach NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 152 28 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 153 1 Also also RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 153 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 153 3 environmental environmental JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 153 4 factors factor NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 153 5 such such JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 153 6 as as IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 153 7 temperature temperature NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 153 8 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 153 9 humidity humidity NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 153 10 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 153 11 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 153 12 airflow airflow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 153 13 rate rate NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 153 14 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 153 15 which which WDT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 153 16 could could MD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 153 17 influence influence VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 153 18 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 153 19 air air NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 153 20 droplet droplet NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 153 21 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 153 22 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 153 23 were be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 153 24 included include VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 153 25 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 154 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 154 2 results result NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 154 3 revealed reveal VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 154 4 that that IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 154 5 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 154 6 small small JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 154 7 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 154 8 travel travel VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 154 9 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 154 10 larger large JJR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 154 11 distance distance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 154 12 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 154 13 remain remain VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 154 14 suspended suspend VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 154 15 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 154 16 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 154 17 air air NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 154 18 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 154 19 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 154 20 longer long JJR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 154 21 time time NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 154 22 under under IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 154 23 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 154 24 influence influence NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 154 25 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 154 26 airflow airflow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 154 27 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 154 28 supporting support VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 154 29 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 154 30 mandatory mandatory JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 154 31 use use NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 154 32 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 154 33 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 154 34 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 154 35 prevent prevent VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 154 36 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 154 37 virus virus NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 154 38 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 155 1 Vadivukkarasan Vadivukkarasan NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 155 2 et et FW cord-129086-ra2njvcz 155 3 al al NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 155 4 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 156 1 54 54 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 156 2 experimentally experimentally RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 156 3 investigated investigate VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 156 4 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 156 5 Breakup Breakup NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 156 6 morphology morphology NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 156 7 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 156 8 expelled expel VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 156 9 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 156 10 liquid liquid NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 156 11 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 2 was be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 3 revealed reveal VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 4 that that IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 5 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 6 droplet droplet NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 7 formation formation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 8 from from IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 9 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 10 ejected eject VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 11 fluid fluid NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 12 during during IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 13 coughing cough VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 14 or or CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 15 sneezing sneezing NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 16 occurred occur VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 17 due due IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 18 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 19 three three CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 20 possible possible JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 21 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 22 : : : cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 23 Kelvin Kelvin NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 24 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 25 Helmholtz Helmholtz NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 27 K K NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 28 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 29 H H NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 31 instability instability NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 32 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 33 Rayleigh Rayleigh NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 34 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 35 Taylor Taylor NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 37 R R NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 38 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 39 T t NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 41 instability instability NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 42 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 43 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 44 Plateau Plateau NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 45 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 46 Rayleigh Rayleigh NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 48 P p NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 49 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 50 R r NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 52 instability instability NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 53 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 54 sequence sequence NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 157 55 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 158 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 158 2 flapping flapping NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 158 3 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 158 4 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 158 5 expelled expel VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 158 6 liquid liquid JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 158 7 sheet sheet NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 158 8 was be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 158 9 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 158 10 result result NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 158 11 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 158 12 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 158 13 K K NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 158 14 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 158 15 H H NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 158 16 mechanism mechanism NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 158 17 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 158 18 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 158 19 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 158 20 ligaments ligament NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 158 21 formed form VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 158 22 on on IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 158 23 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 158 24 edge edge NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 158 25 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 158 26 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 158 27 rim rim NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 158 28 appeared appear VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 158 29 due due JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 158 30 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 158 31 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 158 32 R R NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 158 33 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 158 34 T T NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 158 35 mechanism mechanism NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 158 36 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 158 37 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 158 38 finally finally RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 158 39 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 158 40 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 158 41 hanging hang VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 158 42 droplet droplet NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 158 43 fragmentation fragmentation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 158 44 was be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 158 45 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 158 46 result result NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 158 47 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 158 48 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 158 49 P p NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 158 50 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 158 51 R r NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 158 52 instability instability NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 158 53 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 159 1 Droplet droplet NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 159 2 evaporation evaporation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 159 3 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 159 4 one one CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 159 5 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 159 6 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 159 7 crucial crucial JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 159 8 factors factor NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 159 9 that that WDT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 159 10 affect affect VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 159 11 transmission transmission NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 159 12 phenomena phenomena JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 159 13 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 160 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 160 2 evaporation evaporation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 160 3 rate rate NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 160 4 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 160 5 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 160 6 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 160 7 depends depend VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 160 8 on on IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 160 9 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 160 10 difference difference NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 160 11 between between IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 160 12 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 160 13 saturated saturated JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 160 14 vapor vapor NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 160 15 pressure pressure NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 160 16 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 160 17 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 160 18 fluid fluid JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 160 19 droplet droplet NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 160 20 surface surface NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 160 21 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 160 22 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 160 23 vapor vapor NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 160 24 pressure pressure NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 160 25 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 160 26 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 160 27 surrounding surround VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 160 28 air air NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 160 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 160 30 ambient ambient JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 160 31 temperature temperature NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 160 32 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 160 33 humidity humidity NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 160 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 160 35 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 161 1 55 55 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 162 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 162 2 other other JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 162 3 factors factor NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 162 4 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 162 5 such such JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 162 6 as as IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 162 7 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 162 8 mass mass JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 162 9 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 162 10 diffusion diffusion NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 162 11 coefficient coefficient NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 162 12 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 162 13 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 162 14 relative relative JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 162 15 velocity velocity NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 162 16 between between IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 162 17 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 162 18 droplet droplet NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 162 19 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 162 20 surrounding surround VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 162 21 gas gas NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 162 22 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 162 23 influence influence VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 162 24 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 162 25 evaporation evaporation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 162 26 rate rate NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 162 27 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 163 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 163 2 non non JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 163 3 - - JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 163 4 dimensional dimensional JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 163 5 parameters parameter NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 163 6 such such JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 163 7 as as IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 163 8 Reynolds Reynolds NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 163 9 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 163 10 Nusselt Nusselt NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 163 11 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 163 12 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 163 13 Sherwood Sherwood NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 163 14 numbers number NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 163 15 govern govern VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 163 16 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 163 17 droplet droplet NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 163 18 evaporation evaporation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 163 19 phenomena phenomena JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 163 20 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 164 1 56 56 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 165 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 165 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 165 3 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 165 4 condensation condensation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 165 5 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 165 6 evaporation evaporation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 165 7 effects effect NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 165 8 between between IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 165 9 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 165 10 ambient ambient JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 165 11 water water NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 165 12 vapors vapor NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 165 13 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 165 14 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 165 15 water water NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 165 16 liquid liquid NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 165 17 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 165 18 cough cough NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 165 19 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 165 20 can can MD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 165 21 be be VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 165 22 considered consider VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 165 23 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 165 24 solving solve VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 165 25 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 165 26 mass mass NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 165 27 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 165 28 energy energy NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 165 29 balance balance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 165 30 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 165 31 each each DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 165 32 droplet droplet NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 165 33 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 166 1 57 57 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 166 2 Mass mass JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 166 3 balance balance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 166 4 : : : cord-129086-ra2njvcz 166 5 Energy energy NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 166 6 balance balance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 166 7 : : : cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 1 where where WRB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 2 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 3 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 4 average average JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 5 mass mass NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 6 flux flux NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 7 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 8 evaporable evaporable JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 9 component component NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 10 on on IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 11 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 12 surface surface NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 13 that that WDT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 14 can can MD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 15 be be VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 16 expressed express VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 17 as as IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 18 : : : cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 19 Where where WRB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 20 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 21 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 22 density density NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 23 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 24 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 25 ambient ambient JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 26 air air NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 27 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 28 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 29 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 30 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 31 ∞ ∞ NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 32 are be VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 33 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 34 mass mass JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 35 fractions fraction NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 36 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 37 evaporable evaporable JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 38 component component NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 39 on on IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 40 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 41 droplet droplet NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 42 surface surface NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 43 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 44 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 45 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 46 gas gas NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 47 phase phase NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 48 far far RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 49 from from IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 50 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 51 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 52 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 53 respectively respectively RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 167 54 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 168 1 ℎ ℎ LS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 168 2 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 168 3 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 168 4 Sherwood Sherwood NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 168 5 number number NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 168 6 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 169 1 58 58 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 170 1 Several several JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 170 2 other other JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 170 3 researchers researcher NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 170 4 have have VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 170 5 studied study VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 170 6 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 170 7 flow flow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 170 8 behavior behavior NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 170 9 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 170 10 evaporating evaporate VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 170 11 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 170 12 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 171 1 Recently recently RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 171 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 171 3 Weiss Weiss NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 171 4 et et NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 171 5 al al NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 171 6 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 172 1 59 59 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 172 2 investigated investigate VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 172 3 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 172 4 clustering clustering NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 172 5 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 172 6 evaporation evaporation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 172 7 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 172 8 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 172 9 using use VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 172 10 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 172 11 gas gas NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 172 12 phase phase NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 172 13 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 172 14 droplet droplet NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 172 15 coupling coupling NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 172 16 equations equation NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 172 17 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 2 evaporation evaporation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 3 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 4 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 5 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 6 spreading spreading NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 7 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 8 vapors vapor NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 9 into into IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 10 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 11 ambient ambient JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 12 condition condition NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 13 were be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 14 mostly mostly RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 15 governed govern VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 16 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 17 few few JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 18 parameters parameter NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 19 : : : cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 20 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 21 Reynolds Reynolds NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 22 number number NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 23 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 24 which which WDT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 25 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 26 related relate VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 27 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 28 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 29 shear shear NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 30 rate rate NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 31 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 32 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 33 Stokes Stokes NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 34 number number NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 35 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 36 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 37 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 38 mass mass NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 39 loading loading NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 40 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 41 which which WDT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 42 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 43 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 44 ratio ratio NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 45 between between IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 46 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 47 mass mass NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 48 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 49 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 50 liquid liquid NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 51 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 52 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 53 gas gas NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 54 phase phase NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 173 55 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 174 1 60 60 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 175 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 175 2 results result NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 175 3 suggested suggest VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 175 4 that that IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 175 5 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 175 6 clustering clustering NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 175 7 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 175 8 evaporation evaporation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 175 9 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 175 10 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 175 11 are be VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 175 12 primarily primarily RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 175 13 affected affect VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 175 14 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 175 15 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 175 16 mass mass NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 175 17 loading loading NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 175 18 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 175 19 Stokes Stokes NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 175 20 number number NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 175 21 while while IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 175 22 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 175 23 Taylor Taylor NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 175 24 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 175 25 scale scale NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 175 26 Reynolds Reynolds NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 175 27 number number NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 175 28 was be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 175 29 small small JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 175 30 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 176 1 When when WRB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 176 2 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 176 3 mass mass NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 176 4 loadings loading NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 176 5 decreased decrease VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 176 6 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 176 7 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 176 8 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 176 9 Stokes Stokes NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 176 10 number number NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 176 11 increased increase VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 176 12 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 176 13 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 176 14 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 176 15 dispersed disperse VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 176 16 more more RBR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 176 17 evenly evenly RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 176 18 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 176 19 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 176 20 faster fast JJR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 176 21 evaporation evaporation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 176 22 rate rate NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 176 23 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 177 1 Chaudhuri Chaudhuri NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 177 2 et et NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 177 3 al al NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 177 4 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 178 1 61 61 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 178 2 presented present VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 178 3 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 178 4 chemical chemical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 178 5 reaction reaction NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 178 6 mechanism mechanism NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 178 7 based base VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 178 8 collision collision NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 178 9 rate rate NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 178 10 model model NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 178 11 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 178 12 prediction prediction NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 178 13 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 178 14 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 178 15 growth growth NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 178 16 rate rate NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 178 17 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 178 18 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 178 19 infected infected JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 178 20 population population NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 178 21 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 178 22 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 178 23 early early JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 178 24 phases phase NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 178 25 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 178 26 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 178 27 Covid-19 covid-19 NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 178 28 like like IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 178 29 pandemic pandemic NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 178 30 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 179 1 Besides besides RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 179 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 179 3 they -PRON- PRP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 179 4 developed develop VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 179 5 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 179 6 theoretical theoretical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 179 7 model model NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 179 8 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 179 9 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 179 10 aerodynamics aerodynamic NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 179 11 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 179 12 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 179 13 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 179 14 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 179 15 considering consider VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 179 16 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 179 17 evaporation evaporation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 179 18 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 179 19 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 179 20 levitated levitate VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 179 21 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 179 22 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 180 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 180 2 evolution evolution NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 180 3 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 180 4 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 180 5 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 180 6 was be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 180 7 characterized characterize VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 180 8 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 180 9 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 180 10 complex complex JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 180 11 interaction interaction NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 180 12 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 180 13 aerodynamics aerodynamic NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 180 14 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 180 15 evaporation evaporation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 180 16 thermodynamics thermodynamic NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 180 17 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 180 18 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 180 19 crystallization crystallization NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 180 20 kinetics kinetic NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 180 21 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 181 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 181 2 fidelity fidelity NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 181 3 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 181 4 proposed propose VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 181 5 model model NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 181 6 was be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 181 7 further further RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 181 8 confirmed confirm VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 181 9 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 181 10 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 181 11 experimentation experimentation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 181 12 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 182 1 Respiratory respiratory JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 182 2 droplet droplet NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 182 3 transmission transmission NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 182 4 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 182 5 considered consider VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 182 6 critical critical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 182 7 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 182 8 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 182 9 rapid rapid JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 182 10 spread spread NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 182 11 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 182 12 continued continued JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 182 13 circulation circulation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 182 14 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 182 15 viruses virus NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 182 16 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 182 17 humans human NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 182 18 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 183 1 In in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 183 2 recent recent JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 183 3 years year NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 183 4 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 183 5 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 183 6 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 183 7 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 183 8 flow flow VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 183 9 behavior behavior NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 183 10 through through IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 183 11 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 183 12 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 183 13 has have VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 183 14 typically typically RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 183 15 well well RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 183 16 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 183 17 predicted predict VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 183 18 using use VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 183 19 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 183 20 computational computational JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 183 21 fluid fluid NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 183 22 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 183 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 183 24 CFD CFD NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 183 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 183 26 techniques technique NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 183 27 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 184 1 21 21 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 185 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 185 2 Navier Navier NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 185 3 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 185 4 Stokes Stokes NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 185 5 equations equation NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 185 6 have have VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 185 7 been be VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 185 8 used use VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 185 9 as as IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 185 10 basic basic JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 185 11 governing govern VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 185 12 equations equation NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 185 13 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 185 14 solve solve VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 185 15 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 185 16 velocity velocity NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 185 17 field field NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 185 18 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 185 19 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 185 20 multi multi JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 185 21 - - JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 185 22 dimensional dimensional JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 185 23 computational computational JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 185 24 domain domain NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 185 25 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 186 1 These these DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 186 2 equations equation NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 186 3 have have VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 186 4 been be VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 186 5 used use VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 186 6 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 186 7 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 186 8 analytical analytical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 186 9 assessment assessment NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 186 10 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 186 11 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 186 12 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 186 13 performance performance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 186 14 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 186 15 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 186 16 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 186 17 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 186 18 other other JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 186 19 respirators respirator NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 186 20 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 187 1 Dbouk Dbouk NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 187 2 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 187 3 Drikakis Drikakis NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 187 4 21 21 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 187 5 performed perform VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 187 6 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 187 7 fluid fluid JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 187 8 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 187 9 analysis analysis NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 187 10 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 187 11 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 187 12 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 187 13 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 187 14 transmission transmission NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 187 15 through through IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 187 16 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 187 17 around around IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 187 18 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 187 19 facemask facemask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 187 20 filter filter NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 187 21 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 188 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 188 2 compressible compressible JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 188 3 Reynolds Reynolds NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 188 4 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 188 5 averaged average VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 188 6 Navier Navier NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 188 7 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 188 8 Stokes Stokes NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 188 9 equations equation NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 188 10 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 188 11 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 188 12 k k NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 188 13 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 188 14 ω ω JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 188 15 turbulence turbulence NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 188 16 model model NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 188 17 were be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 188 18 employed employ VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 188 19 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 189 1 Zhang Zhang NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 189 2 etl etl NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 189 3 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 190 1 62 62 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 190 2 analytically analytically RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 190 3 investigated investigate VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 190 4 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 190 5 carbon carbon NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 190 6 dioxide dioxide NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 190 7 CO CO NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 190 8 2 2 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 190 9 transportation transportation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 190 10 performance performance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 190 11 inside inside IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 190 12 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 190 13 ventilator ventilator NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 190 14 mask mask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 190 15 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 191 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 191 2 3D 3d JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 191 3 model model NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 191 4 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 191 5 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 191 6 ventilator ventilator NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 191 7 mask mask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 191 8 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 191 9 shown show VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 191 10 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 191 11 FIG FIG NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 191 12 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 192 1 1a 1a LS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 192 2 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 193 1 Classical classical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 193 2 Navier Navier NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 193 3 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 193 4 stokes stokes NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 193 5 theorem theorem NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 193 6 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 193 7 masstransport masstransport NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 193 8 equations equation NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 193 9 were be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 193 10 used use VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 193 11 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 193 12 estimate estimate VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 193 13 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 193 14 CO CO NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 193 15 2 2 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 193 16 residual residual JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 193 17 concentrations concentration NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 193 18 below below IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 193 19 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 193 20 nostrils nostril NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 193 21 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 194 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 194 2 governing govern VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 194 3 equations equation NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 194 4 were be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 194 5 solved solve VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 194 6 using use VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 194 7 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 194 8 finite finite JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 194 9 element element NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 194 10 solver solver NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 194 11 ANSYS ANSYS NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 194 12 fluent fluent JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 194 13 15.0 15.0 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 194 14 software software NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 194 15 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 195 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 195 2 following follow VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 195 3 governing govern VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 195 4 equations equation NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 195 5 were be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 195 6 used use VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 195 7 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 195 8 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 195 9 simulation simulation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 195 10 ; ; , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 195 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 195 12 i i NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 195 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 195 14 at at IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 195 15 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 195 16 entrance entrance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 195 17 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 195 18 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 195 19 ventilator ventilator NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 195 20 mask mask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 195 21 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 195 22 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 195 23 inlet inlet NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 195 24 pressure pressure NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 195 25 = = SYM cord-129086-ra2njvcz 195 26 0.98 0.98 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 195 27 × × NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 195 28 10 10 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 195 29 3 3 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 195 30 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 195 31 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 195 32 average average JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 195 33 concentration concentration NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 195 34 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 195 35 CO CO NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 195 36 2 2 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 195 37 = = SYM cord-129086-ra2njvcz 195 38 0.03 0.03 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 195 39 % % NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 195 40 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 196 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 196 2 ii ii NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 196 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 196 4 at at IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 196 5 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 196 6 exhaust exhaust NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 196 7 holes hole NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 196 8 : : : cord-129086-ra2njvcz 197 1 outlet outlet NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 197 2 pressure pressure NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 197 3 = = SYM cord-129086-ra2njvcz 197 4 0 0 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 197 5 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 197 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 197 7 iii iii NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 197 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 197 9 Inlet inlet NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 197 10 boundary boundary JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 197 11 condition condition NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 197 12 at at IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 197 13 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 197 14 nostrils nostril NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 197 15 : : : cord-129086-ra2njvcz 197 16 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 197 17 averaged average VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 197 18 velocity velocity NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 197 19 = = SYM cord-129086-ra2njvcz 197 20 6 6 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 197 21 × × NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 197 22 sin sin NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 197 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 197 24 2 2 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 197 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 197 26 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 197 27 expiratory expiratory JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 197 28 phase phase NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 197 29 time time NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 197 30 t t NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 197 31 = = SYM cord-129086-ra2njvcz 197 32 0~2.0 0~2.0 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 197 33 s s NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 197 34 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 198 1 inspiratory inspiratory JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 198 2 phase phase NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 198 3 time time NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 198 4 t t NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 198 5 = = SYM cord-129086-ra2njvcz 198 6 2.0~4.0 2.0~4.0 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 198 7 s s NNPS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 198 8 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 198 9 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 198 10 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 198 11 averaged average VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 198 12 concentration concentration NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 198 13 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 198 14 CO CO NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 198 15 2 2 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 198 16 excreted excrete VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 198 17 from from IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 198 18 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 198 19 nostrils nostril NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 198 20 was be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 198 21 set set VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 198 22 as as IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 198 23 4 4 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 198 24 % % NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 198 25 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 199 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 199 2 airflow airflow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 199 3 inside inside IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 199 4 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 199 5 ventilator ventilator NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 199 6 mask mask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 199 7 was be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 199 8 considered consider VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 199 9 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 199 10 be be VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 199 11 turbulent turbulent JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 199 12 flow flow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 199 13 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 200 1 FIG FIG NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 200 2 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 201 1 1b 1b NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 201 2 shows show VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 201 3 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 201 4 distribution distribution NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 201 5 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 201 6 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 201 7 average average JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 201 8 residual residual JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 201 9 CO co NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 201 10 2 2 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 201 11 concentration concentration NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 201 12 inside inside IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 201 13 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 201 14 ventilator ventilator NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 201 15 mask mask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 201 16 varying vary VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 201 17 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 201 18 time time NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 201 19 during during IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 201 20 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 201 21 complete complete JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 201 22 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 201 23 cycle cycle NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 201 24 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 1 As as IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 2 shown show VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 3 from from IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 4 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 5 curve curve NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 6 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 7 initially initially RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 8 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 9 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 10 CO co NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 11 2 2 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 12 concentration concentration NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 13 increased increase VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 14 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 15 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 16 increasing increase VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 17 exhaled exhale VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 18 air air NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 19 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 20 reaches reach VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 21 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 22 peak peak NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 23 value value NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 24 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 25 3.65 3.65 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 26 % % NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 27 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 28 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 29 then then RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 30 it -PRON- PRP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 31 declined decline VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 32 gradually gradually RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 33 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 34 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 35 decrease decrease NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 36 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 37 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 38 exhaled exhale VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 39 air air NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 40 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 41 reaches reach VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 42 down down RP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 43 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 44 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 45 value value NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 46 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 47 1.8 1.8 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 48 % % NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 49 at at IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 50 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 51 end end NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 52 time time NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 53 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 54 expiratory expiratory JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 55 cycle cycle NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 202 56 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 203 1 Based base VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 203 2 on on IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 203 3 these these DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 203 4 results result NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 203 5 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 203 6 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 203 7 ventilator ventilator NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 203 8 mask mask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 203 9 was be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 203 10 redesigned redesign VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 203 11 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 203 12 changing change VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 203 13 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 203 14 exhaust exhaust NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 203 15 hole hole NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 203 16 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 203 17 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 203 18 bottom bottom JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 203 19 side side NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 203 20 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 203 21 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 203 22 local local JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 203 23 residual residual JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 203 24 CO co NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 203 25 2 2 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 203 26 concentration concentration NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 203 27 was be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 203 28 decrease decrease NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 203 29 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 203 30 0.7 0.7 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 203 31 % % NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 203 32 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 204 1 Bates Bates NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 204 2 et et NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 204 3 al al NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 204 4 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 205 1 63 63 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 205 2 performed perform VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 205 3 computational computational JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 205 4 fluid fluid NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 205 5 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 205 6 simulations simulation NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 205 7 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 205 8 access access VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 205 9 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 205 10 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 205 11 airflow airflow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 205 12 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 205 13 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 205 14 human human JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 205 15 upper upper JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 205 16 oral oral JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 205 17 airway airway NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 205 18 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 205 19 airway airway NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 205 20 wall wall NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 205 21 movement movement NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 205 22 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 206 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 206 2 breathing breathing NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 206 3 flow flow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 206 4 rate rate NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 206 5 data datum NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 206 6 was be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 206 7 acquired acquire VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 206 8 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 206 9 imaging image VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 206 10 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 206 11 breathing breathing NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 206 12 cycle cycle NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 206 13 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 206 14 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 206 15 participant participant NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 206 16 while while IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 206 17 wearing wear VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 206 18 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 206 19 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 206 20 size-5 size-5 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 206 21 anesthesia anesthesia NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 206 22 facemask facemask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 206 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 206 24 FIG FIG NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 206 25 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 206 26 1c 1c NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 206 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 206 28 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 207 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 207 2 air air NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 207 3 pressure pressure NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 207 4 drop drop NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 207 5 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 207 6 flow flow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 207 7 velocity velocity NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 207 8 were be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 207 9 estimated estimate VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 207 10 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 207 11 solving solve VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 207 12 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 207 13 Navier Navier NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 207 14 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 207 15 stokes stoke VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 207 16 equations equation NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 207 17 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 207 18 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 207 19 moving move VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 207 20 mesh mesh NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 207 21 vertices vertex NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 207 22 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 207 23 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 207 24 finite finite JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 207 25 volume volume NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 207 26 domain domain NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 207 27 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 208 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 208 2 governing govern VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 208 3 equations equation NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 208 4 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 208 5 moving move VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 208 6 mesh mesh NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 208 7 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 208 8 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 208 9 finite finite JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 208 10 volume volume NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 208 11 form form NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 208 12 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 208 13 given give VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 208 14 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 208 15 : : : cord-129086-ra2njvcz 208 16 Momentum momentum NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 208 17 equation equation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 208 18 : : : cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 1 where where WRB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 2 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 3 time time NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 4 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 5 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 6 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 7 volume volume NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 8 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 9 each each DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 10 cell cell NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 11 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 12 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 13 mesh mesh NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 14 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 15 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 16 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 17 air air NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 18 density density NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 19 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 20 ⃗ ⃗ NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 21 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 22 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 23 air air NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 24 flow flow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 25 rate rate NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 26 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 27 ⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗ NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 28 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 29 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 30 mesh mesh NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 31 velocity velocity NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 32 as as IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 33 calculated calculate VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 34 from from IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 35 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 36 mesh mesh NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 37 displacement displacement NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 38 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 39 each each DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 40 control control NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 41 points point NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 42 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 43 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 44 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 45 vector vector NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 46 representing represent VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 47 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 48 surface surface NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 49 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 50 each each DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 51 mesh mesh NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 52 cell cell NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 53 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 54 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 55 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 56 identity identity NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 57 matrix matrix NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 58 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 59 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 60 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 61 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 62 viscous viscous JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 63 stress stress NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 64 tensor tensor NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 209 65 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 210 1 These these DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 210 2 equations equation NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 210 3 were be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 210 4 solved solve VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 210 5 using use VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 210 6 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 210 7 large large JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 210 8 eddy eddy NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 210 9 simulation simulation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 210 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 210 11 LES LES NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 210 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 210 13 techniques technique NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 210 14 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 211 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 211 2 instantaneous instantaneous JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 211 3 air air NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 211 4 flow flow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 211 5 resistance resistance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 211 6 was be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 211 7 calculated calculate VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 211 8 as as IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 211 9 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 211 10 pressure pressure NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 211 11 loss loss NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 211 12 between between IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 211 13 two two CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 211 14 locations location NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 211 15 divided divide VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 211 16 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 211 17 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 211 18 air air NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 211 19 flow flow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 211 20 rate rate NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 211 21 through through IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 211 22 them -PRON- PRP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 211 23 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 212 1 FIG FIG NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 212 2 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 213 1 1d 1d NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 213 2 shows show VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 213 3 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 213 4 estimated estimate VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 213 5 airflow airflow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 213 6 resistance resistance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 213 7 through through IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 213 8 several several JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 213 9 different different JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 213 10 regions region NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 213 11 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 213 12 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 213 13 extra extra JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 213 14 thoracic thoracic JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 213 15 airway airway NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 213 16 during during IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 213 17 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 213 18 complete complete JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 213 19 breathing breathing NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 213 20 cycle cycle NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 213 21 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 214 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 214 2 aerosol aerosol NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 214 3 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 214 4 transmission transmission NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 214 5 phenomena phenomena VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 214 6 through through IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 214 7 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 214 8 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 214 9 have have VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 214 10 also also RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 214 11 been be VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 214 12 investigated investigate VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 214 13 analytically analytically RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 214 14 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 215 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 215 2 facemask facemask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 215 3 leakage leakage NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 215 4 factor factor NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 215 5 has have VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 215 6 been be VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 215 7 considered consider VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 215 8 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 215 9 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 215 10 analytical analytical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 215 11 models model NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 215 12 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 216 1 Lei Lei NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 216 2 et et FW cord-129086-ra2njvcz 216 3 al al NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 216 4 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 217 1 64 64 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 217 2 predicted predict VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 217 3 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 217 4 fluid fluid JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 217 5 leakage leakage NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 217 6 between between IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 217 7 an an DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 217 8 N95 N95 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 217 9 filtering filter VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 217 10 facepiece facepiece NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 217 11 respirator respirator NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 217 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 217 13 FFR FFR NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 217 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 217 15 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 217 16 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 217 17 headform headform NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 217 18 using use VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 217 19 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 217 20 computational computational JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 217 21 fluid fluid NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 217 22 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 217 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 217 24 CFD CFD NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 217 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 217 26 simulation simulation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 217 27 approach approach NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 217 28 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 218 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 218 2 mass mass JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 218 3 flow flow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 218 4 rate rate NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 218 5 at at IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 218 6 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 218 7 faceseal faceseal NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 218 8 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 218 9 through through IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 218 10 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 218 11 filter filter NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 218 12 medium medium NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 218 13 was be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 218 14 calculated calculate VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 218 15 under under IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 218 16 three three CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 218 17 different different JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 218 18 boundary boundary JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 218 19 conditions condition NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 218 20 : : : cord-129086-ra2njvcz 218 21 varying vary VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 218 22 breathing breathing NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 218 23 velocity velocity NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 218 24 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 218 25 varying vary VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 218 26 viscous viscous JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 218 27 resistance resistance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 218 28 coefficients coefficient NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 218 29 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 218 30 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 218 31 filter filter NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 218 32 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 218 33 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 218 34 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 218 35 freestream freestream NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 218 36 air air NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 218 37 flows flow NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 218 38 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 219 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 219 2 filter filter NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 219 3 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 219 4 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 219 5 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 219 6 faceseal faceseal NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 219 7 leakage leakage NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 219 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 219 9 FTFL FTFL NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 219 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 219 11 ratio ratio NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 219 12 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 219 13 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 219 14 respirator respirator NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 219 15 was be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 219 16 obtained obtain VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 219 17 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 219 18 dividing divide VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 219 19 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 219 20 mass mass JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 219 21 flow flow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 219 22 rate rate NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 219 23 through through IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 219 24 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 219 25 filter filter NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 219 26 medium medium NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 219 27 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 219 28 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 219 29 faceseal faceseal JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 219 30 leakage leakage NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 219 31 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 220 1 A a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 220 2 higher high JJR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 220 3 FTFL FTFL NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 220 4 ratio ratio NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 220 5 refers refer VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 220 6 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 220 7 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 220 8 higher high JJR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 220 9 percentage percentage NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 220 10 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 220 11 airflow airflow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 220 12 passing pass VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 220 13 through through IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 220 14 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 220 15 filter filter NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 220 16 medium medium NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 220 17 than than IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 220 18 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 220 19 faceseal faceseal JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 220 20 leakage leakage NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 220 21 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 221 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 221 2 results result NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 221 3 revealed reveal VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 221 4 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 221 5 nonlinear nonlinear JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 221 6 increase increase NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 221 7 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 221 8 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 221 9 FTFL FTFL NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 221 10 ratio ratio NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 221 11 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 221 12 increasing increase VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 221 13 breathing breathing NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 221 14 velocity velocity NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 221 15 values value NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 221 16 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 221 17 decreasing decrease VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 221 18 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 221 19 filter filter NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 221 20 viscous viscous JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 221 21 resistance resistance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 221 22 coefficient coefficient NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 221 23 values value NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 221 24 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 222 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 222 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 222 3 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 222 4 freestream freestream NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 222 5 flow flow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 222 6 had have VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 222 7 limited limit VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 222 8 influence influence NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 222 9 on on IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 222 10 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 222 11 airflow airflow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 222 12 inside inside IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 222 13 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 222 14 respirator respirator NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 222 15 resulting result VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 222 16 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 222 17 nonsignificant nonsignificant JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 222 18 variations variation NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 222 19 on on IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 222 20 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 222 21 FTFL FTFL NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 222 22 ratio ratio NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 222 23 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 223 1 Perić Perić NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 223 2 et et NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 223 3 al al NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 223 4 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 224 1 65 65 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 224 2 _SP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 225 1 Thermal thermal JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 225 2 comfort comfort NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 225 3 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 225 4 an an DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 225 5 essential essential JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 225 6 aspect aspect NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 225 7 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 225 8 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 225 9 facemask facemask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 225 10 as as IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 225 11 it -PRON- PRP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 225 12 may may MD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 225 13 affect affect VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 225 14 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 225 15 compliance compliance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 225 16 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 225 17 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 225 18 use use NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 225 19 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 225 20 facemask facemask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 225 21 during during IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 225 22 summer summer NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 225 23 or or CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 225 24 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 225 25 tropical tropical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 225 26 countries country NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 225 27 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 226 1 There there EX cord-129086-ra2njvcz 226 2 were be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 226 3 reported report VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 226 4 incidence incidence NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 226 5 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 226 6 skin skin NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 226 7 rashes rash NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 226 8 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 226 9 increased increase VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 226 10 heat heat NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 226 11 stress stress NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 226 12 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 226 13 sweating sweating NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 226 14 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 226 15 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 226 16 discomfort discomfort NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 226 17 due due IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 226 18 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 226 19 prolonged prolong VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 226 20 wearing wearing NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 226 21 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 226 22 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 226 23 facemask facemask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 226 24 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 226 25 hot hot JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 226 26 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 226 27 humid humid JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 226 28 conditions condition NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 226 29 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 227 1 66 66 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 228 1 To to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 228 2 improve improve VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 228 3 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 228 4 thermal thermal JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 228 5 comfort comfort NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 228 6 level level NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 228 7 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 228 8 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 228 9 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 228 10 researchers researcher NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 228 11 have have VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 228 12 developed develop VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 228 13 some some DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 228 14 unique unique JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 228 15 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 228 16 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 228 17 using use VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 228 18 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 228 19 nanocomposites nanocomposite NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 228 20 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 229 1 Polymer polymer NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 229 2 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 229 3 based base VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 229 4 nanofibers nanofiber NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 229 5 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 229 6 large large JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 229 7 surface surface NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 229 8 area area NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 229 9 - - : cord-129086-ra2njvcz 229 10 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 229 11 volume volume NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 229 12 ratio ratio NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 229 13 have have VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 229 14 shown show VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 229 15 great great JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 229 16 potential potential NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 229 17 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 229 18 use use NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 229 19 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 229 20 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 229 21 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 229 22 achieve achieve VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 229 23 both both DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 229 24 high high JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 229 25 filtration filtration NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 229 26 efficiency efficiency NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 229 27 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 229 28 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 229 29 air air NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 229 30 permeability permeability NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 229 31 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 230 1 67 67 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 230 2 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 231 1 3(a 3(a CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 231 2 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 231 3 c c LS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 231 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 231 5 show show VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 231 6 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 231 7 schematic schematic NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 231 8 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 231 9 photographs photograph NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 231 10 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 231 11 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 231 12 scanning scan VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 231 13 electron electron NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 231 14 micrographs micrograph NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 231 15 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 231 16 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 231 17 proposed propose VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 231 18 hybrid hybrid JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 231 19 nanofiber nanofiber NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 231 20 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 231 21 based base VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 231 22 facemask facemask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 231 23 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 232 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 232 2 comparative comparative JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 232 3 PM pm NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 232 4 capture capture NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 232 5 efficiency efficiency NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 232 6 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 232 7 air air NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 232 8 permeability permeability NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 232 9 results result NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 232 10 have have VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 232 11 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 232 12 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 232 13 superiority superiority NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 232 14 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 232 15 presented present VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 232 16 facemask facemask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 232 17 over over IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 232 18 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 232 19 commercial commercial JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 232 20 masks mask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 232 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 232 22 FIG fig NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 232 23 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 233 1 3d 3d NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 233 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 233 3 e e NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 233 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 233 5 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 234 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 234 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 234 3 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 234 4 thermal thermal JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 234 5 image image NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 234 6 revealed reveal VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 234 7 that that IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 234 8 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 234 9 fiber fiber NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 234 10 / / SYM cord-129086-ra2njvcz 234 11 nanoPE nanoPE NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 234 12 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 234 13 had have VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 234 14 high high JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 234 15 transparency transparency NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 234 16 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 234 17 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 234 18 human human JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 234 19 body body NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 234 20 radiation radiation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 234 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 234 22 cooling cool VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 234 23 effect effect NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 234 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 234 25 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 235 1 In in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 235 2 contrast contrast NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 235 3 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 235 4 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 235 5 commercial commercial JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 235 6 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 235 7 blocked block VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 235 8 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 235 9 large large JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 235 10 portion portion NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 235 11 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 235 12 it -PRON- PRP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 235 13 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 236 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 236 2 further further RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 236 3 modified modify VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 236 4 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 236 5 nanoPE nanoPE NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 236 6 substrate substrate NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 236 7 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 236 8 Ag Ag NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 236 9 coating coating NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 236 10 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 236 11 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 236 12 that that IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 236 13 fiber fiber NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 236 14 / / SYM cord-129086-ra2njvcz 236 15 Ag Ag NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 236 16 / / SYM cord-129086-ra2njvcz 236 17 nanoPE nanoPE NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 236 18 had have VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 236 19 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 236 20 warming warming NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 236 21 effect effect NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 236 22 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 237 1 Zhang Zhang NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 237 2 et et NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 237 3 al al NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 237 4 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 238 1 71 71 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 238 2 reported report VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 238 3 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 238 4 use use NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 238 5 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 238 6 an an DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 238 7 active active JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 238 8 ventilation ventilation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 238 9 fan fan NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 238 10 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 238 11 reduce reduce VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 238 12 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 238 13 dead dead JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 238 14 space space NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 238 15 temperature temperature NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 238 16 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 238 17 CO2 CO2 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 238 18 level level NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 238 19 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 239 1 An an DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 239 2 infrared infrared JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 239 3 camera camera NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 239 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 239 5 IRC irc NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 239 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 239 7 method method NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 239 8 was be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 239 9 used use VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 239 10 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 239 11 elucidate elucidate VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 239 12 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 239 13 temperature temperature NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 239 14 distribution distribution NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 239 15 on on IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 239 16 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 239 17 prototype prototype NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 239 18 FFR FFR NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 239 19 's 's POS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 239 20 outside outside JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 239 21 surface surface NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 239 22 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 239 23 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 239 24 wearer wearer NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 239 25 's 's POS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 239 26 face face NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 239 27 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 239 28 surface surface NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 239 29 temperature temperature NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 239 30 was be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 239 31 found find VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 239 32 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 239 33 be be VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 239 34 lowered lower VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 239 35 notably notably RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 239 36 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 240 1 Both both DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 240 2 inside inside IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 240 3 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 240 4 outside outside JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 240 5 temperature temperature NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 240 6 resulted result VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 240 7 from from IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 240 8 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 240 9 simulation simulation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 240 10 were be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 240 11 found find VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 240 12 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 240 13 be be VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 240 14 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 240 15 good good JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 240 16 agreement agreement NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 240 17 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 240 18 experimental experimental JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 240 19 results result NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 240 20 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 241 1 However however RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 241 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 241 3 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 241 4 inward inward JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 241 5 blowing blowing NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 241 6 fans fan NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 241 7 may may MD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 241 8 compromise compromise VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 241 9 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 241 10 filtering filter VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 241 11 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 241 12 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 241 13 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 241 14 facemask facemask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 241 15 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 242 1 There there EX cord-129086-ra2njvcz 242 2 are be VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 242 3 commercially commercially RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 242 4 available available JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 242 5 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 242 6 fitted fit VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 242 7 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 242 8 one one CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 242 9 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 242 10 way way NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 242 11 valve valve NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 242 12 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 242 13 facilitating facilitate VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 242 14 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 242 15 removal removal NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 242 16 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 242 17 humidity humidity NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 242 18 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 242 19 expired expire VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 242 20 air air NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 242 21 within within IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 242 22 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 242 23 space space NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 242 24 between between IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 242 25 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 242 26 facemask facemask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 242 27 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 242 28 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 242 29 face face NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 242 30 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 243 1 However however RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 243 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 243 3 during during IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 243 4 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 243 5 covid-19 covid-19 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 243 6 pandemic pandemic NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 243 7 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 243 8 one one CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 243 9 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 243 10 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 243 11 main main JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 243 12 reasons reason NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 243 13 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 243 14 wearing wear VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 243 15 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 243 16 mask mask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 243 17 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 243 18 not not RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 243 19 only only RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 243 20 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 243 21 protect protect VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 243 22 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 243 23 inhalation inhalation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 243 24 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 243 25 virus virus NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 243 26 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 243 27 but but CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 243 28 also also RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 243 29 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 243 30 prevent prevent VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 243 31 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 243 32 spread spread NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 243 33 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 243 34 virus virus NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 243 35 into into IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 243 36 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 243 37 air air NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 243 38 if if IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 243 39 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 243 40 wearer wearer NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 243 41 happens happen VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 243 42 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 243 43 be be VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 243 44 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 243 45 carrier carrier NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 243 46 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 243 47 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 243 48 virus virus NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 243 49 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 244 1 If if IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 244 2 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 244 3 wearer wearer NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 244 4 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 244 5 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 244 6 healthy healthy JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 244 7 subject subject NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 244 8 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 244 9 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 244 10 use use NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 244 11 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 244 12 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 244 13 one one CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 244 14 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 244 15 way way NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 244 16 valve valve NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 244 17 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 244 18 ventilation ventilation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 244 19 fan fan NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 244 20 would would MD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 244 21 indeed indeed RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 244 22 mitigate mitigate VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 244 23 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 244 24 buildup buildup NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 244 25 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 244 26 humidity humidity NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 244 27 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 244 28 carbon carbon NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 244 29 dioxide dioxide NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 244 30 within within IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 244 31 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 244 32 dead dead JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 244 33 space space NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 244 34 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 245 1 Zhu Zhu NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 245 2 et et FW cord-129086-ra2njvcz 245 3 al al NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 245 4 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 246 1 72 72 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 246 2 reported report VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 246 3 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 246 4 three three CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 246 5 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 246 6 dimensional dimensional JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 246 7 model model NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 246 8 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 246 9 normal normal JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 246 10 human human JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 246 11 nasal nasal NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 246 12 cavity cavity NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 246 13 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 246 14 simulate simulate VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 246 15 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 246 16 volume volume NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 246 17 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 246 18 fraction fraction NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 246 19 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 246 20 both both CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 246 21 fresh fresh JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 246 22 air air NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 246 23 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 246 24 respired respired JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 246 25 air air NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 246 26 within within IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 246 27 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 246 28 nasal nasal NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 246 29 cavity cavity NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 246 30 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 247 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 247 2 model model NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 247 3 consisted consist VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 247 4 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 247 5 large large JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 247 6 rectangular rectangular JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 247 7 domain domain NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 247 8 outside outside IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 247 9 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 247 10 nasal nasal NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 247 11 cavity cavity NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 247 12 representing represent VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 247 13 ambient ambient JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 247 14 air air NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 247 15 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 247 16 human human JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 247 17 nasal nasal NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 247 18 cavity cavity NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 247 19 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 247 20 partial partial JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 247 21 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 247 22 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 247 23 pharynx pharynx NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 247 24 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 248 1 This this DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 248 2 was be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 248 3 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 248 4 first first JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 248 5 reported reported JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 248 6 piece piece NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 248 7 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 248 8 work work NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 248 9 that that WDT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 248 10 modelled model VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 248 11 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 248 12 details detail NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 248 13 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 248 14 nasal nasal NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 248 15 cavity cavity NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 248 16 instead instead RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 248 17 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 248 18 just just RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 248 19 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 248 20 nostrils nostril NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 248 21 as as IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 248 22 openings opening NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 248 23 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 248 24 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 248 25 flow flow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 248 26 simulations simulation NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 248 27 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 249 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 249 2 advantage advantage NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 249 3 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 249 4 this this DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 249 5 simulation simulation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 249 6 was be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 249 7 that that IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 249 8 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 249 9 flow flow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 249 10 field field NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 249 11 within within IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 249 12 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 249 13 space space NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 249 14 between between IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 249 15 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 249 16 nostrils nostril NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 249 17 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 249 18 facemask facemask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 249 19 could could MD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 249 20 be be VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 249 21 more more RBR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 249 22 accurately accurately RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 249 23 simulated simulate VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 249 24 as as IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 249 25 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 249 26 boundary boundary JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 249 27 condition condition NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 249 28 could could MD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 249 29 be be VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 249 30 specified specify VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 249 31 away away RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 249 32 from from IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 249 33 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 249 34 nostril nostril NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 249 35 at at IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 249 36 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 249 37 pharyngeal pharyngeal JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 249 38 area area NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 249 39 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 250 1 Two two CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 250 2 cases case NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 250 3 were be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 250 4 simulated simulate VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 250 5 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 251 1 Case case NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 252 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 252 2 refers refer VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 252 3 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 252 4 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 252 5 human human JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 252 6 face face NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 252 7 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 252 8 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 252 9 N95 N95 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 252 10 respirator respirator NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 252 11 onto onto IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 252 12 human human JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 252 13 face face NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 252 14 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 252 15 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 252 16 case case NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 252 17 II II NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 252 18 refers refer VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 252 19 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 252 20 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 252 21 human human JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 252 22 face face NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 252 23 without without IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 252 24 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 252 25 respirator respirator NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 252 26 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 253 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 253 2 results result NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 253 3 showed show VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 253 4 that that IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 253 5 above above IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 253 6 60 60 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 253 7 % % NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 253 8 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 253 9 inspired inspire VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 253 10 air air NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 253 11 was be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 253 12 respired respired JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 253 13 air air NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 253 14 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 253 15 case case NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 253 16 I -PRON- PRP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 253 17 compared compare VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 253 18 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 253 19 less less JJR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 253 20 than than IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 253 21 1.2 1.2 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 253 22 % % NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 253 23 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 253 24 case case NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 253 25 II ii CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 253 26 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 254 1 During during IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 254 2 expiration expiration NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 254 3 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 254 4 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 254 5 volume volume NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 254 6 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 254 7 fraction fraction NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 254 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 254 9 VOF VOF NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 254 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 254 11 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 254 12 respired respired JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 254 13 air air NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 254 14 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 254 15 both both DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 254 16 cases case NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 254 17 was be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 254 18 above above IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 254 19 95 95 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 254 20 % % NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 254 21 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 2 streamlines streamline NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 3 at at IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 4 peak peak NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 5 inspiration inspiration NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 6 were be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 7 relatively relatively RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 8 smooth smooth JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 9 while while IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 10 entering enter VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 11 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 12 cavity cavity NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 13 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 14 both both DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 15 cases case NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 16 ; ; : cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 17 while while IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 18 at at IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 19 peak peak NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 20 expiration expiration NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 21 large large JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 22 vortex vortex NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 23 was be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 24 observed observe VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 25 within within IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 26 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 27 air air NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 28 space space NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 29 between between IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 30 human human JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 31 face face NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 32 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 33 respirator respirator NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 34 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 35 case case NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 36 I. i. NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 37 For for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 38 future future JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 39 studies study NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 40 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 41 one one PRP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 42 could could MD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 43 explore explore VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 44 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 45 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 46 vivo vivo NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 47 experimental experimental JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 48 studies study NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 49 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 50 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 51 use use NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 52 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 53 miniaturized miniaturized JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 54 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 55 wireless wireless JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 56 sensors sensor NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 57 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 58 monitoring monitor VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 59 not not RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 60 just just RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 61 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 62 temperature temperature NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 63 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 64 but but CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 65 also also RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 66 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 67 humidity humidity NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 68 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 69 carbon carbon NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 70 dioxide dioxide NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 71 content content NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 72 within within IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 73 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 74 space space NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 75 between between IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 76 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 77 nostrils nostril NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 78 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 79 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 80 facemask facemask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 255 81 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 256 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 256 2 sensors sensor NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 256 3 need need VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 256 4 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 256 5 be be VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 256 6 small small JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 256 7 so so RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 256 8 as as IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 256 9 not not RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 256 10 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 256 11 disrupt disrupt VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 256 12 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 256 13 flow flow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 256 14 fields field NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 256 15 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 257 1 If if IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 257 2 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 257 3 single single JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 257 4 sensor sensor NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 257 5 can can MD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 257 6 not not RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 257 7 be be VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 257 8 small small JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 257 9 enough enough RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 257 10 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 257 11 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 257 12 measurement measurement NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 257 13 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 257 14 all all PDT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 257 15 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 257 16 three three CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 257 17 parameters parameter NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 257 18 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 257 19 one one PRP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 257 20 may may MD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 257 21 need need VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 257 22 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 257 23 have have VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 257 24 separate separate JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 257 25 sensors sensor NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 257 26 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 257 27 repeat repeat VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 257 28 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 257 29 experiment experiment NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 257 30 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 257 31 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 257 32 same same JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 257 33 human human JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 257 34 subject subject NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 257 35 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 257 36 _SP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 258 1 Another another DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 258 2 important important JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 258 3 parameter parameter NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 258 4 affecting affect VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 258 5 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 258 6 comfort comfort NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 258 7 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 258 8 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 258 9 wears wear NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 258 10 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 258 11 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 258 12 flow flow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 258 13 resistance resistance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 258 14 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 258 15 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 258 16 facemask facemask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 258 17 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 259 1 In in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 259 2 principle principle NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 259 3 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 259 4 if if IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 259 5 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 259 6 flow flow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 259 7 resistance resistance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 259 8 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 259 9 lower low JJR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 259 10 while while IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 259 11 maintaining maintain VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 259 12 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 259 13 same same JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 259 14 filtering filtering NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 259 15 efficiency efficiency NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 259 16 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 259 17 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 259 18 comfort comfort NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 259 19 level level NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 259 20 will will MD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 259 21 be be VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 259 22 enhanced enhance VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 259 23 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 260 1 However however RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 260 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 260 3 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 260 4 facemask facemask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 260 5 's 's POS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 260 6 flow flow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 260 7 resistance resistance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 260 8 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 260 9 just just RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 260 10 an an DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 260 11 indicator indicator NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 260 12 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 260 13 does do VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 260 14 not not RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 260 15 specify specify VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 260 16 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 260 17 wearer wearer NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 260 18 's 's POS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 260 19 breathing breathing NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 260 20 resistance resistance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 260 21 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 261 1 While while IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 261 2 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 261 3 flow flow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 261 4 resistance resistance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 261 5 could could MD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 261 6 be be VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 261 7 measured measure VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 261 8 using use VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 261 9 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 261 10 typical typical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 261 11 setup setup NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 261 12 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 261 13 correlating correlate VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 261 14 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 261 15 fluid fluid JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 261 16 flow flow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 261 17 rate rate NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 261 18 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 261 19 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 261 20 pressure pressure NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 261 21 drop drop NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 261 22 across across IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 261 23 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 261 24 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 261 25 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 261 26 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 261 27 breathing breathing NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 261 28 resistance resistance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 261 29 could could MD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 261 30 only only RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 261 31 be be VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 261 32 measured measure VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 261 33 using use VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 261 34 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 261 35 human human JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 261 36 subject subject NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 261 37 or or CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 261 38 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 261 39 replica replica NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 261 40 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 261 41 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 261 42 nasal nasal JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 261 43 pharyngeal pharyngeal JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 261 44 system system NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 261 45 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 262 1 Lee Lee NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 262 2 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 262 3 Wang Wang NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 262 4 73 73 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 262 5 presented present VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 262 6 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 262 7 pioneering pioneering JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 262 8 work work NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 262 9 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 262 10 measuring measure VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 262 11 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 262 12 Nasal nasal NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 262 13 airflow airflow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 262 14 resistance resistance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 262 15 during during IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 262 16 inspiration inspiration NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 262 17 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 262 18 expiration expiration NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 262 19 using use VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 262 20 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 262 21 standard standard JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 262 22 rhinomanometry rhinomanometry NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 262 23 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 262 24 nasal nasal NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 262 25 spirometry spirometry NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 262 26 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 263 1 A a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 263 2 modified modify VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 263 3 full full JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 263 4 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 263 5 facemask facemask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 263 6 was be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 263 7 produced produce VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 263 8 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 263 9 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 263 10 house house NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 263 11 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 263 12 measure measure VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 263 13 nasal nasal NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 263 14 resistance resistance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 263 15 using use VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 263 16 N95 N95 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 263 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 263 18 3 3 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 263 19 M M NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 263 20 8210 8210 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 263 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 263 22 respirators respirator NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 263 23 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 264 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 264 2 results result NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 264 3 showed show VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 264 4 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 264 5 mean mean JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 264 6 increment increment NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 264 7 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 264 8 126 126 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 264 9 % % NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 264 10 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 264 11 122 122 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 264 12 % % NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 264 13 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 264 14 inspiratory inspiratory JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 264 15 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 264 16 expiratory expiratory JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 264 17 flow flow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 264 18 resistances resistance NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 264 19 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 264 20 respectively respectively RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 264 21 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 264 22 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 264 23 N95 N95 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 264 24 respirators respirator NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 264 25 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 265 1 There there EX cord-129086-ra2njvcz 265 2 was be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 265 3 also also RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 265 4 an an DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 265 5 average average JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 265 6 reduction reduction NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 265 7 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 265 8 37 37 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 265 9 % % NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 265 10 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 265 11 air air NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 265 12 exchange exchange NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 265 13 volume volume NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 265 14 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 265 15 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 265 16 use use NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 265 17 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 265 18 N95 N95 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 265 19 respirators respirator NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 265 20 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 266 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 266 2 same same JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 266 3 group group NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 266 4 did do VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 266 5 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 266 6 follow follow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 266 7 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 266 8 up up NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 266 9 study study NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 266 10 investigating investigate VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 266 11 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 266 12 change change NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 266 13 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 266 14 human human JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 266 15 nasal nasal NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 266 16 functions function NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 266 17 after after IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 266 18 wearing wear VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 266 19 an an DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 266 20 N95 N95 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 266 21 respirator respirator NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 266 22 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 266 23 surgical surgical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 266 24 facemask facemask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 266 25 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 267 1 74 74 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 268 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 268 2 human human JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 268 3 subject subject NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 268 4 study study NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 268 5 involved involve VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 268 6 87 87 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 268 7 healthy healthy JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 268 8 healthcare healthcare NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 268 9 workers worker NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 268 10 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 269 1 Each each DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 269 2 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 269 3 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 269 4 volunteers volunteer NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 269 5 attended attend VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 269 6 two two CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 269 7 sessions session NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 269 8 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 269 9 wore wear VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 269 10 an an DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 269 11 N95 N95 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 269 12 respirator respirator NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 269 13 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 269 14 session session NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 269 15 1 1 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 269 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 269 17 S1 S1 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 269 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 269 19 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 269 20 surgical surgical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 269 21 facemask facemask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 269 22 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 269 23 session session NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 269 24 2 2 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 269 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 269 26 S2 s2 NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 269 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 269 28 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 269 29 3 3 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 269 30 hours hour NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 269 31 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 270 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 270 2 mean mean JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 270 3 minimum minimum JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 270 4 cross cross JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 270 5 - - JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 270 6 sectional sectional JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 270 7 area area NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 270 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 270 9 mMCA mMCA NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 270 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 270 11 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 270 12 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 270 13 two two CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 270 14 nasal nasal NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 270 15 airways airway NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 270 16 via via IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 270 17 acoustic acoustic JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 270 18 rhinometry rhinometry NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 270 19 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 270 20 nasal nasal NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 270 21 resistance resistance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 270 22 via via IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 270 23 rhinomanometry rhinomanometry NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 270 24 was be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 270 25 measured measure VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 270 26 before before RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 270 27 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 270 28 immediately immediately RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 270 29 after after IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 270 30 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 270 31 mask mask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 270 32 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 271 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 271 2 equipment equipment NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 271 3 could could MD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 271 4 not not RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 271 5 perform perform VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 271 6 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 271 7 vivo vivo NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 271 8 measurement measurement NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 271 9 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 271 10 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 271 11 facemask facemask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 271 12 on on RP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 271 13 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 272 1 Rhinomanometry Rhinomanometry NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 272 2 was be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 272 3 repeated repeat VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 272 4 every every DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 272 5 30 30 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 272 6 minutes minute NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 272 7 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 272 8 1.5 1.5 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 272 9 hours hour NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 272 10 after after IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 272 11 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 272 12 removal removal NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 272 13 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 272 14 masks mask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 272 15 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 273 1 A a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 273 2 questionnaire questionnaire NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 273 3 was be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 273 4 distributed distribute VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 273 5 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 273 6 each each DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 273 7 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 273 8 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 273 9 volunteers volunteer NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 273 10 during during IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 273 11 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 273 12 3 3 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 273 13 hours hour NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 273 14 mask mask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 273 15 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 273 16 wearing wear VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 273 17 period period NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 273 18 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 273 19 report report VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 273 20 subjective subjective JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 273 21 feelings feeling NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 273 22 on on IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 273 23 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 273 24 discomfort discomfort NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 273 25 level level NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 273 26 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 273 27 breathing breathing NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 273 28 activity activity NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 273 29 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 274 1 Among among IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 274 2 77 77 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 274 3 volunteers volunteer NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 274 4 who who WP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 274 5 completed complete VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 274 6 both both CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 274 7 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 274 8 two two CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 274 9 sessions session NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 274 10 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 274 11 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 274 12 mean mean JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 274 13 nasal nasal NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 274 14 resistance resistance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 274 15 immediately immediately RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 274 16 increased increase VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 274 17 upon upon IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 274 18 removing remove VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 274 19 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 274 20 surgical surgical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 274 21 facemask facemask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 274 22 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 274 23 N95 N95 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 274 24 respirator respirator NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 274 25 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 275 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 275 2 mean mean JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 275 3 nasal nasal NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 275 4 resistance resistance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 275 5 was be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 275 6 significantly significantly RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 275 7 higher high JJR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 275 8 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 275 9 S1 S1 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 275 10 than than IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 275 11 S2 S2 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 275 12 at at IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 275 13 0.5 0.5 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 275 14 hours hour NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 275 15 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 275 16 1.5hours 1.5hour NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 275 17 after after IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 275 18 removing remove VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 275 19 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 275 20 masks mask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 275 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 275 22 p<0.01 p<0.01 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 275 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 275 24 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 276 1 There there EX cord-129086-ra2njvcz 276 2 was be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 276 3 an an DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 276 4 increase increase NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 276 5 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 276 6 nasal nasal NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 276 7 resistance resistance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 276 8 upon upon IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 276 9 removal removal NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 276 10 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 276 11 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 276 12 N95 N95 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 276 13 respirator respirator NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 276 14 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 276 15 surgical surgical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 276 16 facemask facemask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 276 17 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 276 18 potentially potentially RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 276 19 due due JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 276 20 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 276 21 nasal nasal VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 276 22 physiological physiological JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 276 23 changes change NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 276 24 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 277 1 N95 N95 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 277 2 respirator respirator NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 277 3 caused cause VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 277 4 higher high JJR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 277 5 post post JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 277 6 - - JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 277 7 wearing wear VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 277 8 nasal nasal NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 277 9 resistance resistance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 277 10 than than IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 277 11 surgical surgical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 277 12 facemask facemask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 277 13 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 277 14 different different JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 277 15 recovering recover VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 277 16 routines routine NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 277 17 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 278 1 This this DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 278 2 was be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 278 3 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 278 4 first first JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 278 5 time time NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 278 6 that that IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 278 7 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 278 8 effect effect NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 278 9 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 278 10 long long JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 278 11 duration duration NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 278 12 wearing wear VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 278 13 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 278 14 facemask facemask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 278 15 was be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 278 16 objectively objectively RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 278 17 monitored monitor VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 278 18 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 279 1 However however RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 279 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 279 3 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 279 4 during during NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 279 5 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 279 6 three three CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 279 7 hours hour NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 279 8 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 279 9 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 279 10 wearing wearing NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 279 11 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 279 12 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 279 13 facemask facemask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 279 14 was be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 279 15 deemed deem VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 279 16 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 279 17 be be VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 279 18 too too RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 279 19 short short JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 279 20 under under IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 279 21 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 279 22 current current JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 279 23 Covid-19 covid-19 NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 279 24 simulations simulation NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 279 25 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 279 26 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 279 27 human human JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 279 28 subject subject JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 279 29 study study NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 279 30 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 279 31 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 279 32 longer long JJR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 279 33 duration duration NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 279 34 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 279 35 wearing wear VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 279 36 facemask facemask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 279 37 should should MD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 279 38 be be VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 279 39 attempted attempt VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 279 40 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 280 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 280 2 research research NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 280 3 could could MD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 280 4 also also RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 280 5 be be VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 280 6 enhanced enhance VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 280 7 using use VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 280 8 miniaturized miniaturized JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 280 9 pressure pressure NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 280 10 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 280 11 temperature temperature NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 280 12 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 280 13 humidity humidity NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 280 14 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 280 15 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 280 16 gas gas NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 280 17 sensors sensor NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 280 18 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 280 19 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 280 20 vivo vivo NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 280 21 monitoring monitoring NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 280 22 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 280 23 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 280 24 air air NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 280 25 condition condition NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 280 26 within within IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 280 27 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 280 28 space space NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 280 29 between between IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 280 30 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 280 31 nostrils nostril NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 280 32 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 280 33 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 280 34 facemask facemask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 280 35 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 281 1 Such such JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 281 2 experimental experimental JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 281 3 data datum NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 281 4 would would MD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 281 5 be be VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 281 6 useful useful JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 281 7 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 281 8 validating validate VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 281 9 numerical numerical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 281 10 models model NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 281 11 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 281 12 assessing assess VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 281 13 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 281 14 comfort comfort NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 281 15 level level NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 281 16 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 281 17 wearing wear VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 281 18 different different JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 281 19 types type NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 281 20 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 281 21 facemask facemask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 281 22 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 282 1 Another another DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 282 2 potential potential JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 282 3 approach approach NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 282 4 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 282 5 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 282 6 develop develop VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 282 7 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 282 8 replica replica NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 282 9 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 282 10 replacing replace VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 282 11 human human JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 282 12 subject subject NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 282 13 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 282 14 such such JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 282 15 long long JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 282 16 duration duration NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 282 17 study study NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 282 18 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 282 19 similar similar JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 282 20 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 282 21 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 282 22 use use NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 282 23 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 282 24 an an DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 282 25 acoustic acoustic JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 282 26 head head NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 282 27 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 282 28 replacing replace VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 282 29 human human JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 282 30 subjects subject NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 282 31 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 282 32 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 282 33 more more RBR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 282 34 extended extended JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 282 35 duration duration NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 282 36 noise noise NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 282 37 exposure exposure NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 282 38 study study NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 282 39 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 283 1 Zhu Zhu NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 283 2 et et FW cord-129086-ra2njvcz 283 3 al al NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 283 4 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 284 1 75 75 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 284 2 reported report VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 284 3 another another DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 284 4 investigations investigation NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 284 5 on on IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 284 6 effect effect NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 284 7 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 284 8 long long JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 284 9 duration duration NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 284 10 wearing wear VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 284 11 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 284 12 N95 N95 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 284 13 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 284 14 surgical surgical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 284 15 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 284 16 on on IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 284 17 upper upper JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 284 18 airway airway NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 284 19 functions function NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 284 20 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 285 1 A a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 285 2 total total NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 285 3 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 285 4 47 47 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 285 5 volunteers volunteer NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 285 6 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 285 7 National National NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 285 8 University University NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 285 9 Hospital Hospital NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 285 10 Singapore Singapore NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 285 11 were be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 285 12 participated participate VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 285 13 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 285 14 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 285 15 study study NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 285 16 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 286 1 Each each DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 286 2 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 286 3 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 286 4 volunteers volunteer NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 286 5 wore wear VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 286 6 both both DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 286 7 N95 N95 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 286 8 respirator respirator NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 286 9 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 286 10 surgical surgical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 286 11 facemask facemask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 286 12 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 286 13 3 3 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 286 14 hours hour NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 286 15 on on IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 286 16 two two CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 286 17 different different JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 286 18 days day NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 286 19 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 287 1 During during IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 287 2 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 287 3 period period NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 287 4 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 287 5 mask mask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 287 6 wearing wear VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 287 7 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 287 8 relative relative JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 287 9 airflow airflow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 287 10 rates rate NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 287 11 were be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 287 12 recorded record VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 287 13 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 288 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 288 2 study study NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 288 3 revealed reveal VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 288 4 that that IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 288 5 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 288 6 increased increase VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 288 7 level level NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 288 8 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 288 9 discomfort discomfort NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 288 10 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 288 11 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 288 12 user user NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 288 13 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 288 14 time time NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 288 15 while while IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 288 16 wearing wear VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 288 17 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 288 18 masks mask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 288 19 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 289 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 289 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 289 3 N95 N95 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 289 4 respirator respirator NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 289 5 caused cause VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 289 6 higher high JJR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 289 7 post post JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 289 8 - - JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 289 9 wearing wear VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 289 10 nasal nasal NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 289 11 resistance resistance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 289 12 than than IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 289 13 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 289 14 surgical surgical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 289 15 facemask facemask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 289 16 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 289 17 different different JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 289 18 recovering recover VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 289 19 routines routine NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 289 20 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 290 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 290 2 current current JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 290 3 studies study NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 290 4 recognized recognize VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 290 5 that that IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 290 6 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 290 7 airborne airborne JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 290 8 transmission transmission NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 290 9 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 290 10 aerosols aerosol NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 290 11 produced produce VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 290 12 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 290 13 asymptomatic asymptomatic JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 290 14 individuals individual NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 290 15 during during IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 290 16 speaking speak VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 290 17 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 290 18 breathing breathe VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 290 19 as as IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 290 20 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 290 21 key key JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 290 22 factor factor NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 290 23 leading lead VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 290 24 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 290 25 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 290 26 spread spread NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 290 27 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 290 28 infectious infectious JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 290 29 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 290 30 diseases disease NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 290 31 such such JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 290 32 as as IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 290 33 COVID COVID NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 290 34 19 19 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 290 35 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 290 36 58 58 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 290 37 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 290 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 290 39 76 76 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 290 40 ] ] -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 290 41 [ [ -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 290 42 77 77 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 290 43 ] ] -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 290 44 [ [ -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 290 45 78 78 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 290 46 ] ] -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 291 1 However however RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 291 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 291 3 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 291 4 spread spread NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 291 5 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 291 6 these these DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 291 7 airborne airborne JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 291 8 diseases disease NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 291 9 has have VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 291 10 been be VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 291 11 successfully successfully RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 291 12 controlled control VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 291 13 up up RP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 291 14 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 291 15 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 291 16 certain certain JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 291 17 extent extent NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 291 18 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 291 19 using use VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 291 20 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 291 21 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 291 22 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 292 1 11 11 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 292 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 292 3 19 19 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 292 4 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 292 5 47 47 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 292 6 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 292 7 [ [ -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 292 8 79 79 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 292 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 292 10 [ [ -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 292 11 80 80 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 292 12 ] ] -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 293 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 293 2 81 81 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 293 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 294 1 In in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 294 2 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 294 3 ongoing ongoing JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 294 4 global global JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 294 5 pandemic pandemic NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 294 6 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 294 7 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 294 8 COVID COVID NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 294 9 19 19 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 294 10 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 294 11 where where WRB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 294 12 vaccine vaccine NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 294 13 developments development NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 294 14 still still RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 294 15 at at IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 294 16 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 294 17 phase phase NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 294 18 trial trial NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 294 19 stage stage NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 294 20 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 294 21 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 294 22 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 294 23 protective protective JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 294 24 equipment equipment NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 294 25 such such JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 294 26 as as IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 294 27 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 294 28 has have VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 294 29 proven prove VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 294 30 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 294 31 be be VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 294 32 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 294 33 complementary complementary JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 294 34 countermeasure countermeasure NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 294 35 against against IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 294 36 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 294 37 spread spread NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 294 38 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 294 39 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 294 40 novel novel JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 294 41 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 294 42 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 295 1 In in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 295 2 this this DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 295 3 regard regard NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 295 4 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 295 5 several several JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 295 6 researchers researcher NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 295 7 have have VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 295 8 performed perform VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 295 9 theoretical theoretical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 295 10 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 295 11 experimental experimental JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 295 12 investigations investigation NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 295 13 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 295 14 virus virus NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 295 15 transmissibility transmissibility NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 295 16 through through IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 295 17 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 295 18 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 295 19 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 295 20 alternatives alternative NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 295 21 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 296 1 Stutt Stutt NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 296 2 et et NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 296 3 al al NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 296 4 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 297 1 82 82 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 297 2 developed develop VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 297 3 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 297 4 holistic holistic JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 297 5 mathematical mathematical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 297 6 frameworks framework NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 297 7 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 297 8 assessing assess VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 297 9 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 297 10 potential potential JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 297 11 impact impact NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 297 12 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 297 13 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 297 14 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 297 15 COVID COVID NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 297 16 19 19 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 297 17 pandemic pandemic NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 297 18 management management NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 297 19 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 298 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 298 2 results result NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 298 3 revealed reveal VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 298 4 that that IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 298 5 professional professional JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 298 6 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 298 7 home home NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 298 8 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 298 9 made make VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 298 10 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 298 11 were be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 298 12 highly highly RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 298 13 efficacious efficacious JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 298 14 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 298 15 reduce reduce VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 298 16 exposure exposure NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 298 17 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 298 18 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 298 19 infections infection NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 298 20 among among IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 298 21 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 298 22 public public NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 298 23 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 299 1 Also also RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 299 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 299 3 when when WRB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 299 4 people people NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 299 5 wear wear VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 299 6 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 299 7 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 299 8 alltime alltime NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 299 9 at at IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 299 10 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 299 11 public public JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 299 12 places place NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 299 13 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 299 14 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 299 15 certain certain JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 299 16 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 299 17 threshold threshold NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 299 18 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 299 19 known know VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 299 20 as as IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 299 21 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 299 22 effective effective JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 299 23 reproduction reproduction NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 299 24 number number NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 299 25 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 299 26 could could MD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 299 27 be be VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 299 28 decreased decrease VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 299 29 below below IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 299 30 1 1 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 299 31 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 299 32 leading lead VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 299 33 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 299 34 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 299 35 prevention prevention NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 299 36 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 299 37 epidemic epidemic NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 299 38 spread spread NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 299 39 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 300 1 Ngonghala Ngonghala NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 300 2 et et NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 300 3 al al NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 300 4 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 301 1 83 83 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 301 2 developed develop VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 301 3 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 301 4 parametric parametric JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 301 5 model model NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 301 6 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 301 7 providing provide VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 301 8 deeper deep JJR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 301 9 insights insight NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 301 10 into into IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 301 11 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 301 12 transmission transmission NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 301 13 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 301 14 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 301 15 control control NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 301 16 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 301 17 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 301 18 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 301 19 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 301 20 community community NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 301 21 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 302 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 302 2 used use VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 302 3 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 302 4 COVID COVID NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 302 5 19 19 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 302 6 data datum NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 302 7 from from IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 302 8 New New NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 302 9 York York NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 302 10 state state NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 302 11 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 302 12 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 302 13 entire entire JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 302 14 US US NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 302 15 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 302 16 assess assess VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 302 17 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 302 18 population population NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 302 19 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 302 20 level level NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 302 21 impact impact NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 302 22 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 302 23 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 302 24 various various JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 302 25 intervention intervention NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 302 26 strategies strategy NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 302 27 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 303 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 303 2 results result NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 303 3 suggested suggest VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 303 4 that that IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 303 5 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 303 6 consistent consistent JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 303 7 use use NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 303 8 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 303 9 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 303 10 could could MD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 303 11 significantly significantly RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 303 12 reduce reduce VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 303 13 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 303 14 effective effective JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 303 15 reproduction reproduction NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 303 16 number number NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 303 17 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 304 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 304 2 highly highly RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 304 3 efficacious efficacious JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 304 4 facemask facemask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 304 5 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 304 6 like like IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 304 7 surgical surgical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 304 8 masks mask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 304 9 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 304 10 estimated estimate VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 304 11 efficacy efficacy NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 304 12 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 304 13 around around IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 304 14 70 70 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 304 15 % % NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 304 16 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 304 17 could could MD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 304 18 lead lead VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 304 19 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 304 20 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 304 21 eradication eradication NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 304 22 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 304 23 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 304 24 pandemic pandemic NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 304 25 if if IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 304 26 at at RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 304 27 least least RBS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 304 28 70 70 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 304 29 % % NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 304 30 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 304 31 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 304 32 residents resident NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 304 33 use use VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 304 34 such such JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 304 35 masks mask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 304 36 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 304 37 public public JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 304 38 consistently consistently RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 304 39 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 305 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 305 2 use use NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 305 3 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 305 4 low low JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 305 5 efficacy efficacy NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 305 6 masks mask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 305 7 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 305 8 such such JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 305 9 as as IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 305 10 cloth cloth NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 305 11 masks mask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 305 12 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 305 13 an an DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 305 14 estimated estimate VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 305 15 efficacy efficacy NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 305 16 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 305 17 30 30 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 305 18 % % NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 305 19 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 305 20 could could MD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 305 21 also also RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 305 22 lead lead VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 305 23 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 305 24 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 305 25 significant significant JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 305 26 reduction reduction NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 305 27 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 305 28 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 305 29 burden burden NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 305 30 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 306 1 Yan Yan NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 306 2 et et NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 306 3 al al NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 306 4 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 307 1 84 84 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 307 2 evaluated evaluate VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 307 3 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 307 4 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 307 5 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 307 6 different different JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 307 7 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 307 8 protective protective JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 307 9 equipment equipment NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 307 10 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 307 11 controlling control VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 307 12 infection infection NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 307 13 rates rate NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 307 14 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 307 15 an an DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 307 16 influenza influenza NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 307 17 outbreak outbreak NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 307 18 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 308 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 308 2 used use VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 308 3 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 308 4 previously previously RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 308 5 developed develop VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 308 6 risk risk NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 308 7 assessment assessment NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 308 8 model model NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 308 9 85 85 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 308 10 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 308 11 show show VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 308 12 N95 N95 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 308 13 respirators respirator NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 308 14 ' ' POS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 308 15 efficacy efficacy NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 308 16 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 308 17 low low JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 308 18 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 308 19 filtration filtration NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 308 20 surgical surgical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 308 21 mask mask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 308 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 308 23 adult adult NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 308 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 308 25 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 308 26 high high JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 308 27 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 308 28 filtration filtration NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 308 29 surgical surgical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 308 30 mask mask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 308 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 308 32 adult adult NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 308 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 308 34 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 308 35 high high JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 308 36 filtration filtration NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 308 37 pediatric pediatric JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 308 38 mask mask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 308 39 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 308 40 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 308 41 low low JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 308 42 filtration filtration NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 308 43 pediatric pediatric JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 308 44 mask mask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 308 45 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 309 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 309 2 study study NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 309 3 revealed reveal VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 309 4 that that IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 309 5 donning don VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 309 6 these these DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 309 7 masks mask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 309 8 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 309 9 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 309 10 50 50 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 309 11 % % NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 309 12 compliance compliance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 309 13 rate rate NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 309 14 resulted result VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 309 15 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 309 16 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 309 17 significant significant JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 309 18 reduction reduction NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 309 19 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 309 20 transmission transmission NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 309 21 risk risk NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 309 22 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 309 23 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 309 24 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 309 25 80 80 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 309 26 % % NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 309 27 compliance compliance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 309 28 rate rate NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 309 29 nearly nearly RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 309 30 eradicated eradicate VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 309 31 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 309 32 influenza influenza NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 309 33 outbreak outbreak NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 309 34 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 310 1 Prasanna Prasanna NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 310 2 Simha Simha NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 310 3 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 310 4 Rao Rao NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 310 5 86 86 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 310 6 quantitatively quantitatively RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 310 7 investigated investigate VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 310 8 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 310 9 distance distance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 310 10 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 310 11 travel travel NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 310 12 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 310 13 typical typical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 310 14 human human JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 310 15 coughs cough NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 310 16 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 310 17 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 310 18 without without IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 310 19 different different JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 310 20 masks mask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 310 21 : : : cord-129086-ra2njvcz 310 22 disposable disposable JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 310 23 three three CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 310 24 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 310 25 ply ply NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 310 26 surgical surgical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 310 27 masks mask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 310 28 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 310 29 N95 N95 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 310 30 masks mask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 310 31 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 311 1 In in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 311 2 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 311 3 study study NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 311 4 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 311 5 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 311 6 schlieren schlieren NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 311 7 method method NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 311 8 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 311 9 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 311 10 highly highly RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 311 11 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 311 12 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 311 13 non non JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 311 14 - - JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 311 15 intrusive intrusive JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 311 16 flow flow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 311 17 imagining imagine VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 311 18 technique technique NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 311 19 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 311 20 was be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 311 21 used use VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 311 22 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 311 23 visualize visualize VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 311 24 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 311 25 human human JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 311 26 cough cough NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 311 27 flow flow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 311 28 features feature NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 311 29 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 312 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 312 2 experimental experimental JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 312 3 statistics statistic NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 312 4 showed show VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 312 5 that that IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 312 6 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 312 7 propagation propagation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 312 8 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 312 9 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 312 10 viscous viscous JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 312 11 vortex vortex NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 312 12 ring ring NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 312 13 mainly mainly RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 312 14 governed govern VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 312 15 cough cough NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 312 16 flow flow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 312 17 behavior behavior NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 312 18 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 313 1 While while IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 313 2 wearing wear VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 313 3 regular regular JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 313 4 face face NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 313 5 masks mask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 313 6 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 313 7 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 313 8 cough cough NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 313 9 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 313 10 traveled travel VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 313 11 approximately approximately RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 313 12 half half PDT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 313 13 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 313 14 distance distance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 313 15 traveled travel VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 313 16 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 313 17 expelled expel VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 313 18 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 313 19 without without IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 313 20 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 313 21 mask mask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 313 22 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 314 1 However however RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 314 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 314 3 N95 N95 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 314 4 was be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 314 5 found find VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 314 6 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 314 7 be be VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 314 8 most most RBS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 314 9 effective effective JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 314 10 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 314 11 limiting limit VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 314 12 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 314 13 spread spread NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 314 14 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 314 15 cough cough NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 314 16 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 314 17 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 315 1 Leung Leung NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 315 2 et et NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 315 3 al al NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 315 4 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 316 1 87 87 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 316 2 performed perform VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 316 3 experimental experimental JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 316 4 studies study NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 316 5 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 316 6 investigate investigate VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 316 7 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 316 8 efficacy efficacy NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 316 9 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 316 10 surgical surgical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 316 11 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 316 12 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 316 13 prevent prevent VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 316 14 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 316 15 virus virus NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 316 16 shedding shed VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 316 17 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 317 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 317 2 surgical surgical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 317 3 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 317 4 ' ' POS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 317 5 efficiency efficiency NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 317 6 was be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 317 7 measured measure VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 317 8 against against IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 317 9 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 317 10 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 317 11 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 317 12 influenza influenza NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 317 13 virus virus NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 317 14 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 317 15 rhinovirus rhinovirus NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 317 16 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 317 17 two two CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 317 18 broad broad JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 317 19 particle particle NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 317 20 sizes size NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 317 21 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 317 22 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 317 23 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 317 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 317 25 ≥5 ≥5 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 317 26 µm µm NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 317 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 317 28 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 317 29 aerosols aerosol NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 317 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 317 31 droplet droplet NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 317 32 nuclei nucleus NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 317 33 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 317 34 aerodynamic aerodynamic JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 317 35 diameter diameter NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 317 36 ≤5 ≤5 NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 317 37 µm µm NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 317 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 317 39 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 318 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 318 2 results result NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 318 3 indicated indicate VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 318 4 that that IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 318 5 surgical surgical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 318 6 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 318 7 could could MD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 318 8 efficaciously efficaciously RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 318 9 prevent prevent VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 318 10 transmission transmission NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 318 11 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 318 12 human human JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 318 13 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 318 14 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 318 15 influenza influenza NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 318 16 viruses virus NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 318 17 into into IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 318 18 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 318 19 environment environment NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 318 20 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 318 21 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 318 22 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 318 23 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 318 24 but but CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 318 25 no no DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 318 26 significant significant JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 318 27 reduction reduction NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 318 28 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 318 29 aerosols aerosol NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 318 30 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 319 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 319 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 319 3 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 319 4 steep steep JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 319 5 rise rise NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 319 6 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 319 7 demand demand NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 319 8 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 319 9 medical medical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 319 10 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 319 11 during during IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 319 12 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 319 13 current current JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 319 14 pandemic pandemic NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 319 15 COVID COVID NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 319 16 19 19 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 319 17 has have VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 319 18 resulted result VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 319 19 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 319 20 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 319 21 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 319 22 breakdown breakdown NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 319 23 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 319 24 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 319 25 global global JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 319 26 supply supply NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 319 27 chain chain NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 319 28 that that WDT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 319 29 led lead VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 319 30 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 319 31 an an DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 319 32 acute acute JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 319 33 shortage shortage NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 319 34 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 319 35 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 319 36 market market NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 319 37 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 320 1 To to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 320 2 mitigate mitigate VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 320 3 this this DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 320 4 discontinuous discontinuous JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 320 5 supply supply NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 320 6 chain chain NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 320 7 system system NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 320 8 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 320 9 scientists scientist NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 320 10 have have VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 320 11 put put VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 320 12 much much JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 320 13 effort effort NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 320 14 into into IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 320 15 exploring explore VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 320 16 alternative alternative JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 320 17 fabrics fabric NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 320 18 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 320 19 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 320 20 filtering filtering NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 320 21 capacity capacity NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 320 22 that that WDT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 320 23 are be VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 320 24 readily readily RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 320 25 available available JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 320 26 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 320 27 affordable affordable JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 320 28 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 321 1 Kähler Kähler NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 321 2 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 321 3 Hain Hain NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 321 4 88 88 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 321 5 performed perform VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 321 6 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 321 7 detailed detailed JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 321 8 analysis analysis NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 321 9 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 321 10 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 321 11 efficacy efficacy NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 321 12 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 321 13 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 321 14 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 321 15 prevent prevent VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 321 16 virus virus NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 321 17 spread spread VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 321 18 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 322 1 In in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 322 2 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 322 3 first first JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 322 4 step step NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 322 5 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 322 6 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 322 7 transmission transmission NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 322 8 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 322 9 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 322 10 released release VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 322 11 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 322 12 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 322 13 mouth mouth NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 322 14 when when WRB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 322 15 breathing breathing NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 322 16 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 322 17 speaking speak VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 322 18 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 322 19 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 322 20 coughing coughing NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 322 21 was be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 322 22 characterized characterize VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 322 23 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 323 1 Then then RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 323 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 323 3 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 323 4 filtering filter VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 323 5 capacity capacity NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 323 6 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 323 7 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 323 8 various various JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 323 9 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 323 10 was be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 323 11 analyzed analyze VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 323 12 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 324 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 324 2 experimental experimental JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 324 3 results result NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 324 4 have have VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 324 5 shown show VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 324 6 that that IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 324 7 most most JJS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 324 8 household household NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 324 9 materials material NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 324 10 tested test VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 324 11 do do VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 324 12 not not RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 324 13 provide provide VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 324 14 much much JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 324 15 protection protection NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 324 16 against against IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 324 17 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 324 18 virus virus NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 324 19 transmission transmission NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 324 20 via via IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 324 21 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 324 22 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 324 23 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 324 24 therefore therefore RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 324 25 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 324 26 unsuitable unsuitable JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 324 27 as as IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 324 28 materials material NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 324 29 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 324 30 protective protective JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 324 31 masks mask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 324 32 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 1 However however RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 3 filtering filter VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 4 facepiece facepiece NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 5 respirators respirator NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 7 FFR FFR NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 9 performance performance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 10 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 11 based base VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 12 masks mask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 13 such such JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 14 as as IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 15 FFP2 FFP2 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 17 Europe Europe NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 18 EN EN NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 19 149 149 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 20 - - SYM cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 21 2001 2001 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 23 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 24 N95 N95 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 26 United United NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 27 States States NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 28 NIOSH-42CFR84 NIOSH-42CFR84 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 30 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 31 DS2 DS2 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 33 Japan Japan NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 34 JMHLW JMHLW NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 35 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 36 Notification Notification NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 37 214 214 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 38 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 39 2018 2018 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 41 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 42 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 43 KN95 KN95 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 45 China China NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 46 GB2626 GB2626 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 47 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 48 2006 2006 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 50 offer offer VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 51 adequate adequate JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 52 protection protection NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 53 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 54 as as IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 55 they -PRON- PRP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 56 are be VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 57 only only RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 58 permeable permeable JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 59 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 60 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 61 tiny tiny JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 62 fraction fraction NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 63 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 64 few few JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 65 micron micron NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 66 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 67 sized sized JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 68 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 325 69 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 326 1 Konda Konda NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 326 2 et et NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 326 3 al al NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 326 4 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 327 1 89 89 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 327 2 evaluated evaluate VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 327 3 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 327 4 filtration filtration NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 327 5 efficiency efficiency NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 327 6 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 327 7 various various JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 327 8 commonly commonly RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 327 9 available available JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 327 10 fabrics fabric NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 327 11 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 327 12 including include VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 327 13 cotton cotton NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 327 14 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 327 15 silk silk NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 327 16 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 327 17 chiffon chiffon NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 327 18 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 327 19 flannel flannel NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 327 20 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 327 21 various various JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 327 22 synthetics synthetic NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 327 23 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 327 24 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 327 25 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 327 26 combinations combination NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 327 27 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 327 28 which which WDT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 327 29 were be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 327 30 used use VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 327 31 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 327 32 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 327 33 fabrication fabrication NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 327 34 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 327 35 cloth cloth NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 327 36 masks mask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 327 37 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 328 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 328 2 filtration filtration NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 328 3 performance performance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 328 4 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 328 5 these these DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 328 6 fabrics fabric NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 328 7 was be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 328 8 conducted conduct VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 328 9 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 328 10 generating generate VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 328 11 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 328 12 aerosol aerosol NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 328 13 particles particle NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 328 14 at at IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 328 15 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 328 16 cloth cloth NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 328 17 sample sample NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 328 18 's 's POS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 328 19 upstream upstream JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 328 20 side side NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 328 21 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 329 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 329 2 aerosol aerosol NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 329 3 particulates particulate NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 329 4 ranging range VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 329 5 from from IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 329 6 ~10 ~10 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 329 7 nm nm NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 329 8 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 329 9 ~ ~ CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 329 10 ten ten CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 329 11 μm μm NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 329 12 scale scale NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 329 13 sizes size NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 329 14 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 329 15 particularly particularly RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 329 16 relevant relevant JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 329 17 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 329 18 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 329 19 virus virus NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 329 20 transmission transmission NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 329 21 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 329 22 were be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 329 23 produced produce VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 329 24 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 329 25 commercial commercial JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 329 26 sodium sodium NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 329 27 chloride chloride NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 329 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 329 29 NaCl NaCl NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 329 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 329 31 aerosol aerosol NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 329 32 generator generator NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 329 33 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 330 1 Also also RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 330 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 330 3 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 330 4 air air NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 330 5 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 330 6 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 330 7 controlled control VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 330 8 airflow airflow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 330 9 rate rate NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 330 10 was be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 330 11 drawn draw VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 330 12 through through IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 330 13 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 330 14 sample sample NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 330 15 using use VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 330 16 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 330 17 blower blower NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 330 18 fan fan NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 330 19 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 331 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 331 2 filtration filtration NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 331 3 efficiency efficiency NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 331 4 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 331 5 each each DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 331 6 sample sample NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 331 7 was be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 331 8 computed compute VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 331 9 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 331 10 measuring measure VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 331 11 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 331 12 particles particle NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 331 13 ' ' POS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 331 14 concentration concentration NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 331 15 upstream upstream RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 331 16 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 331 17 downstream downstream JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 331 18 as as IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 331 19 = = NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 331 20 − − NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 331 21 × × NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 331 22 100 100 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 331 23 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 331 24 where where WRB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 331 25 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 331 26 are be VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 331 27 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 331 28 mean mean JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 331 29 particle particle NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 331 30 concentrations concentration NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 331 31 per per IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 331 32 bin bin NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 331 33 upstream upstream RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 331 34 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 331 35 downstream downstream JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 331 36 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 331 37 respectively respectively RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 331 38 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 332 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 332 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 332 3 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 332 4 pressure pressure NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 332 5 drop drop NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 332 6 across across IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 332 7 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 332 8 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 332 9 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 332 10 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 332 11 air air NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 332 12 velocities velocity NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 332 13 were be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 332 14 measured measure VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 332 15 using use VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 332 16 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 332 17 digital digital JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 332 18 manometer manometer NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 332 19 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 332 20 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 332 21 Hot Hot NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 332 22 Wire Wire NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 332 23 anemometer anemometer NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 332 24 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 333 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 333 2 experimental experimental JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 333 3 investigations investigation NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 333 4 revealed reveal VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 333 5 that that IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 333 6 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 333 7 materials material NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 333 8 such such JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 333 9 as as IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 333 10 natural natural JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 333 11 silk silk NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 333 12 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 333 13 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 333 14 chiffon chiffon NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 333 15 weave weave NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 333 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 333 17 90 90 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 333 18 % % NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 333 19 polyester−10 polyester−10 NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 333 20 % % NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 333 21 Spandex spandex NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 333 22 fabric fabric NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 333 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 333 24 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 333 25 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 333 26 flannel flannel NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 333 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 333 28 65 65 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 333 29 % % NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 333 30 cotton−35 cotton−35 NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 333 31 % % NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 333 32 polyester polyester NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 333 33 blend blend NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 333 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 333 35 provided provide VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 333 36 good good JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 333 37 electrostatic electrostatic JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 333 38 filtering filtering NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 333 39 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 333 40 particles particle NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 333 41 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 334 1 Also also RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 334 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 334 3 fabric fabric NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 334 4 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 334 5 tighter tight JJR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 334 6 weaves weave NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 334 7 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 334 8 low low JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 334 9 porosity porosity NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 334 10 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 334 11 such such JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 334 12 as as IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 334 13 cotton cotton NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 334 14 sheets sheet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 334 15 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 334 16 high high JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 334 17 thread thread NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 334 18 count count NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 334 19 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 334 20 have have VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 334 21 resulted result VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 334 22 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 334 23 better well JJR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 334 24 filtration filtration NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 334 25 efficiencies efficiency NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 334 26 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 335 1 For for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 335 2 instance instance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 335 3 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 335 4 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 335 5 600 600 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 335 6 TPI tpi NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 335 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 335 8 thread thread NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 335 9 per per IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 335 10 inch inch NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 335 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 335 12 cotton cotton NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 335 13 sheet sheet NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 335 14 can can MD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 335 15 provide provide VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 335 16 average average JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 335 17 filtration filtration NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 335 18 efficiencies efficiency NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 335 19 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 335 20 79 79 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 335 21 ± ± CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 335 22 23 23 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 335 23 % % NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 335 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 335 25 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 335 26 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 335 27 10 10 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 335 28 nm nm NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 335 29 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 335 30 300 300 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 335 31 nm nm NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 335 32 range range NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 335 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 335 34 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 335 35 98.4 98.4 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 335 36 ± ± CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 335 37 0.2 0.2 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 335 38 % % NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 335 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 335 40 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 335 41 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 335 42 300 300 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 335 43 nm nm NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 335 44 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 335 45 6 6 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 335 46 μm μm NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 335 47 range range NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 335 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 335 49 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 336 1 A a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 336 2 cotton cotton NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 336 3 quilt quilt NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 336 4 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 336 5 batting batting NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 336 6 provides provide VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 336 7 96 96 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 336 8 ± ± CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 336 9 2 2 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 336 10 % % NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 336 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 336 12 10 10 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 336 13 nm nm NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 336 14 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 336 15 300 300 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 336 16 nm nm NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 336 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 336 18 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 336 19 96.1 96.1 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 336 20 ± ± CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 336 21 0.3 0.3 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 336 22 % % NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 336 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 336 24 300 300 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 336 25 nm nm NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 336 26 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 336 27 6 6 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 336 28 μm μm NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 336 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 336 30 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 337 1 Surprisingly surprisingly RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 337 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 337 3 four four CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 337 4 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 337 5 layer layer NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 337 6 silk silk NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 337 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 337 8 e.g. e.g. RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 337 9 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 337 10 scarf scarf NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 337 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 337 12 was be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 337 13 found find VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 337 14 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 337 15 be be VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 337 16 effective effective JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 337 17 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 337 18 an an DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 337 19 average average JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 337 20 filtration filtration NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 337 21 efficiency efficiency NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 337 22 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 337 23 > > $ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 337 24 85 85 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 337 25 % % NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 337 26 across across IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 337 27 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 337 28 ten ten CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 337 29 nm−6 nm−6 NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 337 30 μm μm NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 337 31 particle particle NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 337 32 size size NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 337 33 range range NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 337 34 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 338 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 338 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 338 3 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 338 4 hybrid hybrid JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 338 5 masks mask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 338 6 made make VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 338 7 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 338 8 combinations combination NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 338 9 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 338 10 two two CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 338 11 or or CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 338 12 more more JJR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 338 13 fabric fabric NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 338 14 types type NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 338 15 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 338 16 leveraging leverage VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 338 17 mechanical mechanical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 338 18 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 338 19 electrostatic electrostatic JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 338 20 filtering filtering NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 338 21 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 338 22 could could MD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 338 23 be be VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 338 24 an an DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 338 25 effective effective JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 338 26 approach approach NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 338 27 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 338 28 better well JJR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 338 29 filtration filtration NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 338 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 338 31 FIG fig NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 338 32 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 338 33 4a 4a CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 338 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 338 35 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 339 1 Verma Verma NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 339 2 et et NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 339 3 al al NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 339 4 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 1 44 44 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 2 performed perform VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 3 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 4 qualitative qualitative JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 5 investigations investigation NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 6 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 7 assessing assess VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 8 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 9 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 10 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 11 easily easily RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 12 available available JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 13 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 14 such such JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 15 as as IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 16 bandana bandana NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 18 elastic elastic JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 19 T t NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 20 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 21 shirt shirt NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 22 material material NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 23 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 24 85 85 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 25 threads thread NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 26 / / SYM cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 27 inch inch NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 29 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 30 folded fold VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 31 handkerchief handkerchief NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 33 cotton cotton NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 34 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 35 55 55 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 36 threads thread NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 37 / / SYM cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 38 inch inch NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 40 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 41 stitched stitch VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 42 mask mask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 44 quilting quilt VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 45 cotton cotton NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 46 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 47 70 70 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 48 threads thread NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 49 / / SYM cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 50 inch inch NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 52 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 53 other other JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 54 commercial commercial JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 55 masks mask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 340 56 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 341 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 341 2 observed observe VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 341 3 that that IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 341 4 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 341 5 stitched stitch VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 341 6 mask mask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 341 7 made make VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 341 8 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 341 9 quilting quilt VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 341 10 cotton cotton NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 341 11 was be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 341 12 most most RBS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 341 13 effective effective JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 341 14 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 341 15 followed follow VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 341 16 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 341 17 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 341 18 commercial commercial JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 341 19 mask mask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 341 20 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 341 21 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 341 22 folded fold VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 341 23 handkerchief handkerchief NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 341 24 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 341 25 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 341 26 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 341 27 finally finally RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 341 28 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 341 29 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 341 30 bandana bandana NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 341 31 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 342 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 342 2 observations observation NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 342 3 also also RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 342 4 suggested suggest VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 342 5 that that IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 342 6 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 342 7 higher high JJR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 342 8 thread thread NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 342 9 count count NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 342 10 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 342 11 itself -PRON- PRP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 342 12 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 342 13 not not RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 342 14 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 342 15 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 342 16 provide provide VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 342 17 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 342 18 better well JJR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 342 19 droplet droplet NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 342 20 filtration filtration NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 342 21 capability capability NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 342 22 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 343 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 343 2 material material NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 343 3 types type NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 343 4 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 343 5 fabrication fabrication NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 343 6 techniques technique NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 343 7 have have VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 343 8 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 343 9 significant significant JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 343 10 impact impact NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 343 11 on on IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 343 12 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 343 13 performance performance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 343 14 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 343 15 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 343 16 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 344 1 Davies Davies NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 344 2 et et NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 344 3 al al NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 344 4 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 345 1 39 39 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 345 2 examined examine VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 345 3 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 345 4 efficacy efficacy NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 345 5 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 345 6 homemade homemade JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 345 7 masks mask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 345 8 as as IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 345 9 an an DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 345 10 alternative alternative NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 345 11 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 345 12 commercial commercial JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 345 13 surgical surgical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 345 14 masks mask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 345 15 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 346 1 Various various JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 346 2 household household NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 346 3 materials material NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 346 4 such such JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 346 5 as as IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 346 6 100 100 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 346 7 % % NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 346 8 cotton cotton NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 346 9 T t NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 346 10 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 346 11 shirt shirt NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 346 12 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 346 13 scarf scarf NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 346 14 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 346 15 tea tea NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 346 16 towel towel NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 346 17 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 346 18 pillowcase pillowcase NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 346 19 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 346 20 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 346 21 pillowcase pillowcase NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 346 22 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 346 23 vacuum vacuum NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 346 24 cleaner clean JJR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 346 25 bag bag NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 346 26 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 346 27 cotton cotton NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 346 28 mix mix NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 346 29 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 346 30 linen linen NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 346 31 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 346 32 silk silk NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 346 33 were be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 346 34 evaluated evaluate VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 346 35 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 346 36 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 346 37 capacity capacity NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 346 38 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 346 39 prevent prevent VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 346 40 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 346 41 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 346 42 viral viral JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 346 43 aerosols aerosol NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 346 44 transmission transmission NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 346 45 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 347 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 347 2 performance performance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 347 3 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 347 4 these these DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 347 5 household household NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 347 6 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 347 7 was be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 347 8 compared compare VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 347 9 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 347 10 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 347 11 standard standard JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 347 12 surgical surgical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 347 13 mask mask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 347 14 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 348 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 348 2 experimental experimental JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 348 3 outcomes outcome NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 348 4 showed show VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 348 5 that that IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 348 6 these these DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 348 7 homemade homemade JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 348 8 masks mask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 348 9 could could MD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 348 10 reduce reduce VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 348 11 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 348 12 likelihood likelihood NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 348 13 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 348 14 infection infection NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 348 15 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 348 16 but but CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 348 17 not not RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 348 18 efficient efficient JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 348 19 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 348 20 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 348 21 complete complete JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 348 22 elimination elimination NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 348 23 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 348 24 risks risk NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 348 25 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 349 1 A a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 349 2 similar similar JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 349 3 conclusion conclusion NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 349 4 has have VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 349 5 been be VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 349 6 made make VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 349 7 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 349 8 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 349 9 previously previously RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 349 10 published publish VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 349 11 review review NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 349 12 article article NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 349 13 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 349 14 Rossettie Rossettie NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 349 15 et et FW cord-129086-ra2njvcz 349 16 al al NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 349 17 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 350 1 90 90 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 350 2 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 350 3 Loupa Loupa NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 350 4 et et NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 350 5 al al NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 350 6 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 351 1 91 91 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 352 1 Recently recently RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 352 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 352 3 Ho Ho NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 352 4 et et FW cord-129086-ra2njvcz 352 5 al al NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 352 6 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 353 1 92 92 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 353 2 investigated investigate VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 353 3 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 353 4 droplet droplet NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 353 5 filtration filtration NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 353 6 efficiency efficiency NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 353 7 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 353 8 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 353 9 self self NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 353 10 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 353 11 designed design VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 353 12 triple triple JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 353 13 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 353 14 layer layer NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 353 15 cotton cotton NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 353 16 masks mask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 353 17 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 353 18 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 353 19 performance performance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 353 20 was be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 353 21 compared compare VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 353 22 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 353 23 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 353 24 standard standard JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 353 25 medical medical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 353 26 mask mask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 353 27 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 354 1 All all DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 354 2 tests test NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 354 3 were be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 354 4 performed perform VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 354 5 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 354 6 two two CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 354 7 different different JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 354 8 locations location NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 354 9 ; ; : cord-129086-ra2njvcz 354 10 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 354 11 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 354 12 regular regular JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 354 13 bedroom bedroom NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 354 14 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 354 15 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 354 16 car car NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 354 17 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 354 18 air air NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 354 19 conditioning conditioning NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 354 20 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 355 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 355 2 particles particle NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 355 3 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 355 4 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 355 5 size size NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 355 6 range range NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 355 7 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 355 8 20 20 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 355 9 - - SYM cord-129086-ra2njvcz 355 10 1000 1000 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 355 11 nm nm NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 355 12 were be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 355 13 taken take VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 355 14 into into IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 355 15 consideration consideration NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 355 16 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 355 17 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 355 18 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 355 19 filtration filtration NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 355 20 efficiency efficiency NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 355 21 was be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 355 22 measured measure VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 355 23 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 356 1 Other other JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 356 2 factors factor NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 356 3 like like IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 356 4 environmental environmental JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 356 5 conditions condition NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 356 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 356 7 temperature temperature NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 356 8 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 356 9 relative relative JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 356 10 humidity humidity NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 356 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 356 12 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 356 13 cough cough NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 356 14 / / SYM cord-129086-ra2njvcz 356 15 sneeze sneeze NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 356 16 counts count NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 356 17 per per IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 356 18 hour hour NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 356 19 were be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 356 20 measured measure VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 356 21 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 356 22 each each DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 356 23 measurement measurement NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 356 24 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 357 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 357 2 results result NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 357 3 revealed reveal VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 357 4 that that IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 357 5 cotton cotton NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 357 6 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 357 7 surgical surgical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 357 8 masks mask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 357 9 could could MD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 357 10 significantly significantly RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 357 11 reduce reduce VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 357 12 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 357 13 number number NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 357 14 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 357 15 microorganisms microorganism NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 357 16 expelled expel VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 357 17 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 357 18 participants participant NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 357 19 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 357 20 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 357 21 filtration filtration NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 357 22 efficiency efficiency NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 357 23 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 357 24 86.4 86.4 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 357 25 % % NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 357 26 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 357 27 99.9 99.9 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 357 28 % % NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 357 29 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 357 30 respectively respectively RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 357 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 357 32 FIG fig NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 357 33 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 357 34 4b 4b CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 357 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 357 36 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 358 1 However however RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 358 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 358 3 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 358 4 surgical surgical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 358 5 mask mask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 358 6 was be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 358 7 three three CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 358 8 times time NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 358 9 more more RBR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 358 10 effective effective JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 358 11 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 358 12 blocking block VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 358 13 transmission transmission NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 358 14 than than IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 358 15 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 358 16 cotton cotton NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 358 17 mask mask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 358 18 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 359 1 In in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 359 2 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 359 3 recent recent JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 359 4 study study NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 359 5 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 359 6 Fischer Fischer NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 359 7 et et NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 359 8 al al NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 359 9 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 360 1 93 93 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 360 2 performed perform VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 360 3 testing testing NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 360 4 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 360 5 14 14 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 360 6 different different JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 360 7 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 360 8 or or CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 360 9 mask mask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 360 10 alternatives alternative NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 360 11 ranging range VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 360 12 from from IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 360 13 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 360 14 kind kind NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 360 15 worn wear VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 360 16 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 360 17 healthcare healthcare NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 360 18 professionals professional NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 360 19 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 360 20 neck neck NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 360 21 fleeces fleece NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 360 22 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 360 23 knitted knit VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 360 24 masks mask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 360 25 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 361 1 FIG FIG NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 361 2 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 362 1 4c 4c CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 362 2 shows show VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 362 3 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 362 4 photographs photograph NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 362 5 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 362 6 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 362 7 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 362 8 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 362 9 alternatives alternative NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 362 10 considered consider VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 362 11 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 362 12 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 362 13 investigation investigation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 362 14 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 363 1 A a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 363 2 comparison comparison NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 363 3 was be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 363 4 made make VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 363 5 on on IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 363 6 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 363 7 dispersal dispersal NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 363 8 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 363 9 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 363 10 from from IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 363 11 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 363 12 mask mask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 363 13 wearer wearer NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 363 14 's 's POS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 363 15 breath breath NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 363 16 while while IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 363 17 wearing wear VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 363 18 one one CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 363 19 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 363 20 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 363 21 face face NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 363 22 coverings covering NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 363 23 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 363 24 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 363 25 results result NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 363 26 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 363 27 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 363 28 controlled control VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 363 29 trial trial NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 363 30 where where WRB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 363 31 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 363 32 mouth mouth NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 363 33 was be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 363 34 fully fully RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 363 35 exposed expose VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 363 36 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 364 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 364 2 study study NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 364 3 revealed reveal VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 364 4 that that IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 364 5 some some DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 364 6 mask mask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 364 7 types type NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 364 8 matched match VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 364 9 standard standard JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 364 10 surgical surgical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 364 11 masks mask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 364 12 ' ' POS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 364 13 performance performance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 364 14 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 364 15 while while IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 364 16 some some DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 364 17 mask mask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 364 18 alternatives alternative NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 364 19 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 364 20 such such JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 364 21 as as IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 364 22 neck neck NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 364 23 fleece fleece NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 364 24 or or CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 364 25 bandanas bandana NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 364 26 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 364 27 offered offer VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 364 28 little little JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 364 29 protection protection NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 364 30 against against IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 364 31 infection infection NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 364 32 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 365 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 365 2 neck neck NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 365 3 fleece fleece NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 365 4 was be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 365 5 found find VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 365 6 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 365 7 increase increase VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 365 8 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 365 9 risk risk NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 365 10 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 365 11 disease disease NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 365 12 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 365 13 having have VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 365 14 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 365 15 " " `` cord-129086-ra2njvcz 365 16 droplet droplet NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 365 17 transmission transmission NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 365 18 fraction fraction NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 365 19 " " '' cord-129086-ra2njvcz 365 20 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 365 21 110 110 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 365 22 % % NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 365 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 365 24 FIG FIG NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 365 25 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 365 26 4d 4d CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 365 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 365 28 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 366 1 Besides besides RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 366 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 366 3 they -PRON- PRP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 366 4 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 366 5 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 366 6 simple simple JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 366 7 optical optical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 366 8 measurement measurement NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 366 9 method method NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 366 10 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 366 11 evaluate evaluate VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 366 12 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 366 13 efficacy efficacy NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 366 14 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 366 15 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 366 16 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 366 17 reduce reduce VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 366 18 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 366 19 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 366 20 transmission transmission NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 366 21 during during IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 366 22 regular regular JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 366 23 speech speech NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 366 24 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 367 1 FIG FIG NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 367 2 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 368 1 4e 4e NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 368 2 shows show VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 368 3 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 368 4 schematic schematic NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 368 5 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 368 6 developed developed JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 368 7 setup setup NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 368 8 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 369 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 369 2 proposed propose VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 369 3 optical optical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 369 4 system system NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 369 5 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 369 6 inexpensive inexpensive JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 369 7 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 369 8 easy easy JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 369 9 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 369 10 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 369 11 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 369 12 operate operate VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 369 13 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 369 14 even even RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 369 15 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 369 16 non non NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 369 17 - - NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 369 18 experts expert NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 369 19 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 370 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 370 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 370 3 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 370 4 use use NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 370 5 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 370 6 face face NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 370 7 shields shield NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 370 8 has have VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 370 9 widely widely RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 370 10 been be VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 370 11 used use VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 370 12 along along IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 370 13 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 370 14 standard standard JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 370 15 face face NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 370 16 masks mask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 370 17 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 371 1 Face face NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 371 2 shields shield NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 371 3 are be VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 371 4 generally generally RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 371 5 made make VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 371 6 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 371 7 transparent transparent JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 371 8 plastic plastic NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 371 9 sheets sheet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 371 10 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 372 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 372 2 offer offer VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 372 3 several several JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 372 4 advantages advantage NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 372 5 : : : cord-129086-ra2njvcz 372 6 comfortable comfortable JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 372 7 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 372 8 wear wear VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 372 9 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 372 10 easy easy JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 372 11 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 372 12 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 372 13 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 372 14 clean clean JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 372 15 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 372 16 clear clear JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 372 17 conversations conversation NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 372 18 between between IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 372 19 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 372 20 speakers speaker NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 372 21 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 372 22 visible visible JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 372 23 facial facial JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 372 24 expressions expression NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 372 25 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 372 26 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 372 27 reduce reduce VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 372 28 autoinoculation autoinoculation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 372 29 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 372 30 preventing prevent VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 372 31 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 372 32 wearer wearer NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 372 33 from from IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 372 34 touching touch VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 372 35 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 372 36 face face NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 372 37 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 373 1 94 94 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 373 2 Also also RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 373 3 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 373 4 face face NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 373 5 shields shield NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 373 6 prevent prevent VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 373 7 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 373 8 user user NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 373 9 's 's POS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 373 10 face face NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 373 11 from from IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 373 12 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 373 13 direct direct JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 373 14 contact contact NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 373 15 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 373 16 liquid liquid JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 373 17 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 373 18 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 374 1 More more RBR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 374 2 recently recently RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 374 3 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 374 4 Verma Verma NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 374 5 et et NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 374 6 al al NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 374 7 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 375 1 95 95 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 375 2 investigated investigate VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 375 3 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 375 4 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 375 5 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 375 6 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 375 7 face face NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 375 8 shields shield NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 375 9 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 375 10 exhalation exhalation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 375 11 valves valve NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 375 12 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 375 13 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 375 14 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 375 15 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 375 16 transport transport NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 375 17 context context NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 375 18 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 376 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 376 2 performed perform VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 376 3 experimentation experimentation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 376 4 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 376 5 an an DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 376 6 emulated emulated JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 376 7 coughing coughing NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 376 8 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 376 9 sneezing sneeze VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 376 10 environment environment NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 376 11 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 376 12 qualitative qualitative JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 376 13 visualizations visualization NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 376 14 analysis analysis NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 376 15 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 377 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 377 2 results result NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 377 3 indicated indicate VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 377 4 that that IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 377 5 although although IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 377 6 face face NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 377 7 shields shield NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 377 8 block block VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 377 9 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 377 10 initial initial JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 377 11 forward forward JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 377 12 motion motion NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 377 13 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 377 14 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 377 15 fluid fluid JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 377 16 jet jet NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 377 17 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 377 18 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 377 19 expelled expel VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 377 20 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 377 21 can can MD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 377 22 move move VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 377 23 around around IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 377 24 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 377 25 visor visor NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 377 26 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 377 27 relative relative JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 377 28 ease ease NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 377 29 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 377 30 spread spread VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 377 31 out out RP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 377 32 over over IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 377 33 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 377 34 large large JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 377 35 area area NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 377 36 depending depend VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 377 37 on on IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 377 38 environmental environmental JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 377 39 conditions condition NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 377 40 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 378 1 Also also RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 378 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 378 3 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 378 4 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 378 5 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 378 6 equipped equip VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 378 7 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 378 8 an an DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 378 9 exhalation exhalation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 378 10 port port NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 378 11 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 378 12 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 378 13 droplets droplet NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 378 14 pass pass VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 378 15 through through IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 378 16 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 378 17 exhalation exhalation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 378 18 valves valve NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 378 19 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 379 1 Based base VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 379 2 on on IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 379 3 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 379 4 observations observation NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 379 5 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 379 6 they -PRON- PRP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 379 7 opined opine VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 379 8 that that IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 379 9 high high JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 379 10 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 379 11 quality quality NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 379 12 cloth cloth NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 379 13 or or CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 379 14 surgical surgical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 379 15 masks mask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 379 16 perform perform VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 379 17 better well JJR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 379 18 than than IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 379 19 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 379 20 face face NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 379 21 shields shield NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 379 22 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 379 23 exhalation exhalation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 379 24 valves valve NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 379 25 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 379 26 _SP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 380 1 In in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 380 2 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 380 3 past past JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 380 4 few few JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 380 5 decades decade NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 380 6 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 380 7 especially especially RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 380 8 post post JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 380 9 - - JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 380 10 outbreak outbreak NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 380 11 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 380 12 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 380 13 severe severe JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 380 14 acute acute JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 380 15 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 380 16 syndrome syndrome NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 380 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 380 18 SARS SARS NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 380 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 380 20 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 380 21 2003 2003 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 380 22 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 380 23 wearing wear VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 380 24 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 380 25 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 380 26 has have VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 380 27 grown grow VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 380 28 extensively extensively RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 380 29 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 381 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 381 2 people people NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 381 3 from from IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 381 4 Asian asian JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 381 5 countries country NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 381 6 like like IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 381 7 China China NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 381 8 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 381 9 Singapore Singapore NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 381 10 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 381 11 Thailand Thailand NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 381 12 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 381 13 Japan Japan NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 381 14 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 381 15 etc etc FW cord-129086-ra2njvcz 381 16 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 382 1 can can MD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 382 2 be be VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 382 3 easily easily RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 382 4 seen see VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 382 5 donning don VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 382 6 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 382 7 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 382 8 public public JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 382 9 places place NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 382 10 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 383 1 There there EX cord-129086-ra2njvcz 383 2 are be VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 383 3 well well RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 383 4 proven prove VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 383 5 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 383 6 studies study NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 383 7 about about IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 383 8 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 383 9 prevention prevention NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 383 10 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 383 11 airborne airborne JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 383 12 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 383 13 transmission transmission NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 383 14 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 383 15 covering cover VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 383 16 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 383 17 mouth mouth NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 383 18 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 383 19 nose nose NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 383 20 using use VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 383 21 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 383 22 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 383 23 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 384 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 384 2 recently recently RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 384 3 published publish VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 384 4 article article NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 384 5 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 384 6 Gandhi Gandhi NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 384 7 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 384 8 Rutherford Rutherford NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 384 9 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 384 10 96 96 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 384 11 claimed claim VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 384 12 that that IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 384 13 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 384 14 universal universal JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 384 15 facial facial JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 384 16 masking masking NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 384 17 might may MD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 384 18 help help VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 384 19 reduce reduce VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 384 20 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 384 21 severity severity NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 384 22 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 384 23 disease disease NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 384 24 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 384 25 enhance enhance VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 384 26 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 384 27 wearer wearer NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 384 28 's 's POS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 384 29 immunity immunity NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 384 30 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 385 1 However however RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 385 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 385 3 prolonged prolong VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 385 4 use use NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 385 5 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 385 6 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 385 7 has have VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 385 8 some some DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 385 9 side side JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 385 10 effects effect NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 385 11 on on IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 385 12 human human JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 385 13 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 385 14 health health NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 385 15 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 385 16 such such JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 385 17 as as IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 385 18 carbon carbon NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 385 19 dioxide dioxide NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 385 20 builds build VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 385 21 up up RP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 385 22 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 385 23 drowsiness drowsiness NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 385 24 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 385 25 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 385 26 breathing breathing NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 385 27 problems problem NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 385 28 because because IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 385 29 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 385 30 restricted restricted JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 385 31 fresh fresh JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 385 32 airflow airflow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 385 33 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 385 34 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 385 35 unusual unusual JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 385 36 heart heart NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 385 37 rate rate NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 385 38 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 386 1 97 97 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 386 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 386 3 98 98 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 387 1 If if IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 387 2 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 387 3 facemask facemask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 387 4 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 387 5 donned don VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 387 6 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 387 7 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 387 8 longer long JJR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 387 9 period period NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 387 10 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 387 11 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 387 12 filter filter NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 387 13 gets get VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 387 14 wet wet JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 387 15 because because IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 387 16 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 387 17 facial facial JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 387 18 sweat sweat NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 387 19 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 387 20 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 387 21 vapor vapor NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 387 22 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 387 23 formed form VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 387 24 inside inside IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 387 25 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 387 26 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 387 27 due due IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 387 28 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 387 29 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 387 30 breathing breathing NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 387 31 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 387 32 resulting result VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 387 33 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 387 34 clogging clogging NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 387 35 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 387 36 particulates particulate NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 387 37 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 388 1 Also also RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 388 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 388 3 wearers wearer NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 388 4 get get VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 388 5 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 388 6 false false JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 388 7 sense sense NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 388 8 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 388 9 security security NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 388 10 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 388 11 encouraging encourage VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 388 12 them -PRON- PRP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 388 13 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 388 14 spend spend VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 388 15 more more JJR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 388 16 time time NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 388 17 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 388 18 public public JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 388 19 places place NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 388 20 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 389 1 99 99 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 389 2 Other other JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 389 3 potential potential JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 389 4 side side NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 389 5 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 389 6 effects effect NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 389 7 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 389 8 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 389 9 wearing wear VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 389 10 include include VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 389 11 skin skin NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 389 12 irritation irritation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 389 13 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 389 14 uncomfortable uncomfortable JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 389 15 feeling feeling NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 389 16 due due JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 389 17 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 389 18 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 389 19 arrival arrival NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 389 20 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 389 21 exhaled exhale VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 389 22 air air NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 389 23 into into IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 389 24 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 389 25 eye eye NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 389 26 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 389 27 comprised comprise VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 389 28 quality quality NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 389 29 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 389 30 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 389 31 volume volume NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 389 32 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 389 33 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 389 34 speech speech NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 389 35 during during IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 389 36 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 389 37 conversations conversation NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 389 38 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 390 1 19 19 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 390 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 390 3 100 100 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 390 4 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 390 5 101 101 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 391 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 391 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 391 3 there there EX cord-129086-ra2njvcz 391 4 are be VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 391 5 some some DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 391 6 environmental environmental JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 391 7 concerns concern NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 391 8 associated associate VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 391 9 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 391 10 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 391 11 use use NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 391 12 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 391 13 single single JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 391 14 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 391 15 use use NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 391 16 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 391 17 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 392 1 Some some DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 392 2 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 392 3 these these DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 392 4 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 392 5 are be VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 392 6 made make VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 392 7 from from IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 392 8 layers layer NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 392 9 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 392 10 plastics plastic NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 392 11 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 392 12 which which WDT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 392 13 may may MD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 392 14 not not RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 392 15 bio bio VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 392 16 - - JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 392 17 degrade degrade VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 392 18 easily easily RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 392 19 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 392 20 thus thus RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 392 21 creating create VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 392 22 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 392 23 massive massive JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 392 24 burden burden NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 392 25 on on IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 392 26 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 392 27 environment environment NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 392 28 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 393 1 A a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 393 2 recent recent JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 393 3 analysis analysis NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 393 4 has have VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 393 5 reported report VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 393 6 that that IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 393 7 if if IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 393 8 every every DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 393 9 person person NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 393 10 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 393 11 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 393 12 UK UK NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 393 13 used use VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 393 14 one one CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 393 15 single single JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 393 16 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 393 17 use use NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 393 18 facemask facemask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 393 19 each each DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 393 20 day day NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 393 21 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 393 22 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 393 23 year year NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 393 24 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 393 25 it -PRON- PRP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 393 26 would would MD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 393 27 create create VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 393 28 66,000 66,000 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 393 29 tonnes tonne NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 393 30 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 393 31 contaminated contaminate VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 393 32 plastic plastic NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 393 33 waste waste NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 393 34 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 393 35 roughly roughly RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 393 36 ten ten CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 393 37 times time NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 393 38 higher high JJR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 393 39 than than IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 393 40 that that DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 393 41 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 393 42 using use VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 393 43 reusable reusable JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 393 44 masks mask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 393 45 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 394 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 394 2 new new JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 394 3 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 394 4 is be VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 394 5 continuously continuously RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 394 6 evolving evolve VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 394 7 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 394 8 spread spread VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 394 9 all all RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 394 10 over over IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 394 11 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 394 12 world world NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 394 13 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 395 1 Researchers researcher NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 395 2 from from IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 395 3 all all DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 395 4 disciplines discipline NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 395 5 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 395 6 especially especially RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 395 7 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 395 8 medical medical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 395 9 professionals professional NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 395 10 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 395 11 engineers engineer NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 395 12 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 395 13 are be VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 395 14 continuously continuously RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 395 15 working work VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 395 16 on on IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 395 17 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 395 18 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 395 19 design design NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 395 20 improvement improvement NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 395 21 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 395 22 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 395 23 better well JJR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 395 24 performance performance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 395 25 against against IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 395 26 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 395 27 virus virus NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 395 28 transmission transmission NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 395 29 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 396 1 Zhou Zhou NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 396 2 et et NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 396 3 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 397 1 al al NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 397 2 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 398 1 102 102 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 398 2 presented present VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 398 3 an an DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 398 4 electrospun electrospun NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 398 5 polyetherimide polyetherimide NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 398 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 398 7 PEI PEI NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 398 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 398 9 electret electret NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 398 10 nonwoven nonwoven NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 398 11 material material NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 398 12 based base VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 398 13 bi bi JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 398 14 - - JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 398 15 functional functional JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 398 16 smart smart JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 398 17 facemask facemask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 398 18 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 398 19 remove remove VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 398 20 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 398 21 sub sub JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 398 22 - - JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 398 23 micron micron JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 398 24 particulate particulate NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 398 25 matter matter NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 398 26 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 398 27 generate generate VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 398 28 electricity electricity NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 398 29 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 399 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 399 2 facemask facemask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 399 3 could could MD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 399 4 harvest harvest VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 399 5 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 399 6 energy energy NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 399 7 from from IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 399 8 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 399 9 airflow airflow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 399 10 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 399 11 supply supply VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 399 12 power power NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 399 13 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 399 14 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 399 15 inbuilt inbuilt JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 399 16 LCD lcd NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 399 17 panel panel NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 399 18 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 400 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 400 2 LCD lcd NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 400 3 screen screen NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 400 4 was be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 400 5 used use VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 400 6 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 400 7 display display VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 400 8 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 400 9 measured measure VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 400 10 breathing breathing NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 400 11 rate rate NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 400 12 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 401 1 Hossain Hossain NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 401 2 et et NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 401 3 al al NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 401 4 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 402 1 103 103 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 402 2 developed develop VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 402 3 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 402 4 rechargeable rechargeable JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 402 5 N95 N95 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 402 6 facemask facemask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 402 7 that that WDT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 402 8 composed compose VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 402 9 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 402 10 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 402 11 charged charge VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 402 12 polypropylene polypropylene NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 402 13 electret electret NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 402 14 fiber fiber NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 402 15 made make VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 402 16 an an DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 402 17 intermediate intermediate JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 402 18 layer layer NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 402 19 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 402 20 capturing capture VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 402 21 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 402 22 foreign foreign JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 402 23 particles particle NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 402 24 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 403 1 These these DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 403 2 particles particle NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 403 3 are be VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 403 4 trapped trap VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 403 5 through through IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 403 6 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 403 7 electrostatic electrostatic JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 403 8 or or CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 403 9 electrophoretic electrophoretic JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 403 10 effects effect NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 403 11 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 403 12 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 403 13 polypropylene polypropylene NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 403 14 terephthalate terephthalate NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 403 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 403 16 PET pet NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 403 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 403 18 layer layer NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 403 19 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 404 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 404 2 mask mask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 404 3 has have VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 404 4 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 404 5 provision provision NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 404 6 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 404 7 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 404 8 in in NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 404 9 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 404 10 situ situ JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 404 11 recharging recharging NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 404 12 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 404 13 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 404 14 polypropylene polypropylene NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 404 15 electret electret NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 404 16 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 404 17 maintaining maintain VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 404 18 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 404 19 filtration filtration NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 404 20 performance performance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 404 21 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 405 1 Williams Williams NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 405 2 et et NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 405 3 al al NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 405 4 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 406 1 104 104 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 406 2 proposed propose VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 406 3 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 406 4 facemask facemask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 406 5 used use VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 406 6 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 406 7 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 406 8 sample sample NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 406 9 collection collection NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 406 10 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 406 11 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 406 12 SARS SARS NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 406 13 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 406 14 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 406 15 virus virus NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 406 16 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 407 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 407 2 have have VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 407 3 successfully successfully RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 407 4 presented present VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 407 5 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 407 6 facemask facemask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 407 7 prototype prototype NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 408 1 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 408 2 detects detect VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 408 3 exhaled exhale VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 408 4 Mycobacterium Mycobacterium NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 408 5 tuberculosis tuberculosis NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 408 6 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 408 7 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 408 8 deadly deadly JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 408 9 lung lung NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 408 10 infection infection NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 408 11 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 408 12 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 408 13 now now RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 408 14 working work VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 408 15 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 408 16 sampling sampling NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 408 17 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 408 18 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 408 19 SARS SARS NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 408 20 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 408 21 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 408 22 virus virus NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 408 23 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 409 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 409 2 facemask facemask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 409 3 consisted consist VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 409 4 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 409 5 four four CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 409 6 3D 3d JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 409 7 printed print VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 409 8 polyvinyl polyvinyl NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 409 9 alcohol alcohol NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 409 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 409 11 PVA PVA NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 409 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 409 13 sampling sampling NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 409 14 strips strip NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 409 15 attached attach VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 409 16 inside inside IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 409 17 it -PRON- PRP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 409 18 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 410 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 410 2 sampling sampling NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 410 3 matrices matrix NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 410 4 trapped trap VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 410 5 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 410 6 particulates particulate NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 410 7 during during IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 410 8 exhalation exhalation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 410 9 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 410 10 was be VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 410 11 further further JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 410 12 post post RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 410 13 - - JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 410 14 processed process VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 410 15 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 410 16 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 410 17 virus virus NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 410 18 diagnosis diagnosis NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 410 19 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 411 1 Face face NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 411 2 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 411 3 mask mask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 411 4 sampling sampling NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 411 5 offered offer VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 411 6 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 411 7 highly highly RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 411 8 efficient efficient JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 411 9 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 411 10 non non JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 411 11 - - JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 411 12 invasive invasive JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 411 13 method method NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 411 14 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 411 15 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 411 16 disease disease NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 411 17 diagnosis diagnosis NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 411 18 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 412 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 412 2 presented present VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 412 3 approach approach NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 412 4 showed show VBD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 412 5 great great JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 412 6 potential potential NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 412 7 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 412 8 diagnosis diagnosis NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 412 9 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 412 10 screening screening NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 412 11 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 412 12 particularly particularly RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 412 13 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 412 14 resource resource NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 412 15 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 412 16 limited limit VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 412 17 settings setting NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 412 18 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 413 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 413 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 413 3 several several JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 413 4 innovative innovative JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 413 5 facemask facemask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 413 6 prototypes prototype NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 413 7 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 413 8 better well JJR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 413 9 filtration filtration NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 413 10 performance performance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 413 11 are be VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 413 12 available available JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 413 13 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 413 14 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 413 15 market market NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 413 16 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 414 1 Recently recently RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 414 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 414 3 Korean korean JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 414 4 electronics electronic NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 414 5 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 414 6 appliance appliance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 414 7 company company NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 414 8 LG LG NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 414 9 ® ® NNPS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 414 10 Ltd. Ltd. NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 414 11 has have VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 414 12 developed develop VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 414 13 an an DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 414 14 air air NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 414 15 purifier purifier NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 414 16 Wearable wearable JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 414 17 mask mask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 414 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 414 19 PuriCare PuriCare NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 414 20 ™ ™ NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 414 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 414 22 105 105 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 414 23 equipped equip VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 414 24 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 414 25 battery battery NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 414 26 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 414 27 operated operate VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 414 28 miniature miniature JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 414 29 fans fan NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 414 30 that that WDT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 414 31 draw draw VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 414 32 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 414 33 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 414 34 fresh fresh JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 414 35 air air NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 414 36 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 414 37 help help VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 414 38 reduce reduce VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 414 39 stuffiness stuffiness NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 414 40 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 415 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 415 2 Massachusetts Massachusetts NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 415 3 Institute Institute NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 415 4 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 415 5 Technology Technology NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 415 6 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 415 7 Brigham Brigham NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 415 8 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 415 9 Women Women NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 415 10 Hospital Hospital NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 415 11 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 415 12 Boston Boston NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 415 13 's 's POS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 415 14 researchers researcher NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 415 15 have have VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 415 16 developed develop VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 415 17 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 415 18 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 415 19 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 415 20 silicone silicone NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 415 21 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 415 22 based base VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 415 23 transparent transparent JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 415 24 reusable reusable JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 415 25 facemask facemask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 415 26 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 415 27 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 415 28 comparable comparable JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 415 29 performance performance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 415 30 level level NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 415 31 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 415 32 N95 N95 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 415 33 respirators respirator NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 415 34 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 416 1 106 106 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 417 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 417 2 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 417 3 have have VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 417 4 shown show VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 417 5 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 417 6 potentials potential NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 417 7 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 417 8 preventing prevent VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 417 9 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 417 10 spread spread NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 417 11 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 417 12 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 417 13 disease disease NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 417 14 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 418 1 A a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 418 2 variety variety NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 418 3 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 418 4 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 418 5 ranging range VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 418 6 from from IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 418 7 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 418 8 simple simple JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 418 9 homemade homemade JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 418 10 cloth cloth NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 418 11 mask mask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 418 12 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 418 13 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 418 14 ventilated ventilate VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 418 15 respirators respirator NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 418 16 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 418 17 have have VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 418 18 played play VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 418 19 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 418 20 role role NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 418 21 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 418 22 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 418 23 current current JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 418 24 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 418 25 pandemic pandemic NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 418 26 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 419 1 In in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 419 2 general general JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 419 3 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 419 4 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 419 5 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 419 6 have have VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 419 7 been be VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 419 8 experimentally experimentally RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 419 9 characterized characterize VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 419 10 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 419 11 determining determine VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 419 12 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 419 13 filtration filtration NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 419 14 efficiency efficiency NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 419 15 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 419 16 total total JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 419 17 inward inward JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 419 18 leakage leakage NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 419 19 ratio ratio NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 419 20 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 420 1 Also also RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 420 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 420 3 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 420 4 fluid fluid JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 420 5 flow flow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 420 6 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 420 7 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 420 8 based base VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 420 9 numerical numerical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 420 10 methods method NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 420 11 have have VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 420 12 gained gain VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 420 13 much much JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 420 14 attention attention NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 420 15 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 420 16 investigating investigate VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 420 17 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 420 18 facemask facemask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 420 19 performances performance NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 420 20 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 421 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 421 2 present present JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 421 3 article article NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 421 4 has have VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 421 5 also also RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 421 6 highlighted highlight VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 421 7 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 421 8 insufficiencies insufficiency NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 421 9 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 421 10 assessing assess VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 421 11 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 421 12 breathing breathing NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 421 13 resistance resistance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 421 14 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 421 15 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 421 16 wearers wearer NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 421 17 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 421 18 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 421 19 facemask facemask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 421 20 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 421 21 just just RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 421 22 examining examine VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 421 23 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 421 24 flow flow NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 421 25 resistance resistance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 421 26 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 421 27 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 421 28 facemask facemask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 421 29 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 1 In in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 2 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 3 longer long JJR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 4 term term NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 5 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 6 there there EX cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 7 may may MD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 8 be be VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 9 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 10 need need NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 11 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 12 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 13 more more RBR cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 14 elaborate elaborate JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 15 system system NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 16 approach approach NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 17 including include VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 18 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 19 study study NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 20 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 21 modeling modeling NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 22 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 23 how how WRB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 24 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 25 human human JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 26 lung lung NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 27 would would MD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 28 respond respond VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 29 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 30 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 31 increase increase NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 32 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 33 breathing breathing NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 34 resistance resistance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 35 due due IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 36 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 37 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 38 use use NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 39 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 40 facemask facemask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 41 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 42 drawing draw VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 43 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 44 analogy analogy NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 45 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 46 modeling model VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 47 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 48 behavior behavior NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 49 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 50 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 51 heart heart NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 52 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 53 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 54 blood blood NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 55 circulation circulation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 56 system system NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 422 57 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 423 1 This this DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 423 2 article article NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 423 3 summarizes summarize VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 423 4 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 423 5 perspective perspective NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 423 6 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 423 7 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 423 8 fluid fluid JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 423 9 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 423 10 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 423 11 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 423 12 facemask facemask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 423 13 filtration filtration NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 423 14 performance performance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 423 15 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 423 16 including include VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 423 17 droplet droplet NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 423 18 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 423 19 aerosol aerosol NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 423 20 transports transport NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 423 21 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 423 22 droplet droplet NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 423 23 evaporation evaporation NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 423 24 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 423 25 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 423 26 facemask facemask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 423 27 aerodynamics aerodynamic NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 423 28 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 424 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 424 2 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 424 3 recent recent JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 424 4 investigations investigation NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 424 5 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 424 6 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 424 7 efficacy efficacy NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 424 8 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 424 9 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 424 10 facemasks facemask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 424 11 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 424 12 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 424 13 context context NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 424 14 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 424 15 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 424 16 virus virus NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 424 17 transmission transmission NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 424 18 have have VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 424 19 been be VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 424 20 discussed discuss VBN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 424 21 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 425 1 Proc proc VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 425 2 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 426 1 Natl Natl NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 426 2 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 427 1 Acad Acad NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 427 2 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 1 Sci Sci NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 2 Infection Infection NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 3 prevention prevention NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 4 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 5 control control NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 6 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 7 epidemic epidemic NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 8 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 9 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 10 pandemic pandemic NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 11 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 12 prone prone JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 13 acute acute JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 14 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 15 infections infection NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 16 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 17 health health NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 18 care care NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 19 National National NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 20 Center Center NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 21 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 22 Immunization Immunization NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 23 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 24 Respiratory respiratory JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 25 Diseases disease NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 27 NCIRD NCIRD NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 29 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 30 Division Division NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 31 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 32 Viral Viral NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 33 Diseases Diseases NNPS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 34 Face face VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 35 masks mask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 36 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 37 coverings covering NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 38 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 39 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 40 general general JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 41 public public NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 42 : : : cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 43 Behavioural behavioural JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 44 knowledge knowledge NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 45 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 46 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 47 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 48 cloth cloth NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 49 coverings covering NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 50 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 51 public public JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 52 messaging messaging NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 53 Advice advice NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 54 on on IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 55 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 56 use use NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 57 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 58 masks mask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 59 in in IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 60 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 61 context context NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 62 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 63 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 64 : : : cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 65 interim interim JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 66 guidance guidance NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 67 Standard Standard NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 68 test test NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 69 method method NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 70 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 71 evaluating evaluate VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 72 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 73 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 74 filtration filtration NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 75 efficiency efficiency NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 76 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 77 BFE BFE NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 78 ) ) -RRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 79 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 80 medical medical JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 81 face face NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 82 mask mask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 83 materials material NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 84 using use VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 85 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 86 biological biological JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 87 aerosol aerosol NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 88 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 89 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 90 aureus aureus NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 91 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 92 42 42 CD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 93 ASTM ASTM NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 94 F1862 F1862 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 95 / / SYM cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 96 F1862 F1862 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 97 M M NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 98 -17 -17 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 428 99 , , . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 429 1 Standard Standard NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 429 2 Test Test NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 429 3 Method Method NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 429 4 for for IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 429 5 Resistance Resistance NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 429 6 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 429 7 Medical Medical NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 429 8 Face Face NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 429 9 Masks mask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 429 10 to to IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 429 11 Penetration penetration NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 429 12 by by IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 429 13 Synthetic Synthetic NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 429 14 Blood blood NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 430 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-129086-ra2njvcz 430 2 Horizontal Horizontal NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 430 3 Projection Projection NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 430 4 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 430 5 Fixed Fixed NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 430 6 Flow Flow NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 430 7 analyses analysis NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 430 8 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 430 9 validate validate VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 430 10 SARS SARS NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 430 11 - - HYPH cord-129086-ra2njvcz 430 12 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 430 13 protective protective JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 430 14 masks mask NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 431 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 431 2 Southwest Southwest NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 431 3 Respiratory Respiratory NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 431 4 and and CC cord-129086-ra2njvcz 431 5 Critical Critical NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 431 6 Care Care NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 431 7 Chronicles chronicle NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 432 1 Lg Lg NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 432 2 revolutionizes revolutionize VBZ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 432 3 personal personal JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 432 4 clean clean JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 432 5 air air NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 432 6 with with IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 432 7 Puricare Puricare NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 432 8 ™ ™ NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 433 1 wearable wearable JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 433 2 air air NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 433 3 purifier purifier NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 433 4 Engineers Engineers NNPS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 433 5 design design VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 433 6 a a DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 433 7 reusable reusable JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 433 8 , , , cord-129086-ra2njvcz 433 9 silicone silicone NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 433 10 rubber rubber NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 433 11 face face NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 433 12 mask mask NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 434 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 434 2 first first JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 434 3 author author NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 434 4 would would MD cord-129086-ra2njvcz 434 5 like like VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 434 6 to to TO cord-129086-ra2njvcz 434 7 acknowledge acknowledge VB cord-129086-ra2njvcz 434 8 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 434 9 financial financial JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 434 10 support support NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 434 11 from from IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 434 12 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 434 13 Ministry Ministry NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 434 14 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 434 15 education education NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 434 16 RSB RSB NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 434 17 Research Research NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 434 18 Fellowship Fellowship NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 434 19 Singapore Singapore NNP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 434 20 . . . cord-129086-ra2njvcz 435 1 The the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 435 2 data datum NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 435 3 that that WDT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 435 4 support support VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 435 5 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 435 6 findings finding NNS cord-129086-ra2njvcz 435 7 of of IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 435 8 this this DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 435 9 study study NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 435 10 are be VBP cord-129086-ra2njvcz 435 11 available available JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 435 12 from from IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 435 13 the the DT cord-129086-ra2njvcz 435 14 corresponding correspond VBG cord-129086-ra2njvcz 435 15 author author NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 435 16 upon upon IN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 435 17 reasonable reasonable JJ cord-129086-ra2njvcz 435 18 request request NN cord-129086-ra2njvcz 435 19 . . .