cord-011241-2f73r2nv	2017	Data from clinical and non-clinical samples suggest that compassion meditation (CM) has a positive impact on positive emotion and social functioning, which are areas of difficulty for many individuals with PTSD. Group meetings for this study were structured approximately as follows: welcome agenda setting (5 min), homework review (15 min), participants'' summary of past week''s material (10 min), didactics (20 min), mindfulness exercise incorporating new concepts (15 min), meditation incorporating new concepts (15 min), homework assignment, and question/answer session (10 min). Protocol Refinement The CBCT® program was manualized before the initial group based on clinical experience with Veterans with PTSD (AJL, PC, ME) in collaboration with CBCT developers (LN, TH) to create the Veteran version, CBCT-Vet. Initial modification was aimed at increasing military/Veteran relevance and facilitating use by individuals with psychopathology. This open trial suggests that compassion meditation may help alleviate symptoms of PTSD and depression, although causality cannot be concluded based on this study design and the mechanism by which change occurs is unclear.
cord-011284-u4qmvz3c	2020	However, evaluations of these interventions have failed to examine the role of LGBTQ identities in recovery from trauma, and existing PTSD treatments do not account for ongoing threat to safety or the pervasive minority stress experienced by LGBTQ patients. To begin the review of current best-practice interventions for PTSD, it is important to note that gold-standard PTSD treatments, such as PE and CPT, were not developed for non-criterion A trauma, and that debate continues regarding the appropriateness or sufficiency of these treatments in addressing the range of clinically significant experiences faced by many LGBTQ individuals (e.g., discrimination [29••] ). Given the pervasive nature of stress, stigma, and discrimination against LGBTQ people, and the concomitant high rates of trauma exposure, it is critical for health care providers to ensure cultural awareness, sensitivity, and responsiveness to the experiences and healthcare needs of this patient population. In this paper, we provided an overview of the key issues with respect to trauma, PTSD, minority stress, and evidence-based treatment for LGBTQ patients with which any health care provider should be aware.
cord-015384-bz7ui5a0	2008	From a perspective of C/L psychiatry persisting cognitive dysfunctions, anxiety and mood disorders, posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD) in their negative impact on healthIn the etiopathogenesis of PTSD associated with ALI/ ARDS, many influences have to be discussed, e.g., increases in CO 2 triggering panic affects, a mismatch of norepinephric overstimulation and cortisol insufficiency, negative effects of high doses of benzodiazepines resulting in oversedation, prolonged phases of weaning and more frequent states of delirium. Social support during intensive care unit stay might improve mental impairment and consequently health-related quality of life in survivors of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome Risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms following critical illness requiring mechanical ventilation: A prospective cohort study Post-traumatic stress disorder and posttraumatic stress symptoms following critical illness in medical intensive care unit patients: Assessing the magnitude of the problem Health-related quality of life and posttrauamtic stress disorder in survivors of the acute respiratory distress syndrome
cord-031849-bo1ui5zh	2020	
cord-256750-5m7psxri	2020	Acute infectious outbreaks of Emerging Infectious Diseases (EIDs) are known to influence the physical as well as the mental health of affected patients, as observed during similar events such as the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak [3] , which was associated with such issues during the acute phase [4] and the long-term follow-up phase [5, 6] . Thus, the present study explored mental health issues and related factors in MERS survivors 12 months after the outbreak to determine the long-term psychological outcomes of this population. The univariate analysis revealed that several factors were significantly associated with PTSD, including previous psychiatry history, having a family member who died from MERS, depression and anxiety during the MERSaffected period, greater perceived stigma currently and during the illness, and negative coping strategies (Table S2) . Our study showed that nearly half the assessed MERS survivors experienced significant mental health problems, including PTSD and depression, at 12 months post-MERS.
cord-257216-0dr6xupy	2020	This study aims to explore the relationship between psychological distress and post-traumatic stress disorder among Chinese participants as the result of COVID-19 outbreak. In a survey with regard to the mental health of general population 2 weeks after the COVID-19 outbreak in China, which the result showed about one-third of participants reported moderate to severe level of anxiety (Wang et al., 2020a) , and nearly 40.4% of the youth had a tendency to have psychological problems . However, most of previous studies focused on the impacts of public health emergencies such as infectious diseases on the medical staffs who are diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (Brooks et al., 2018; Kang et al., 2020) , and less on the impacts of PTSD diagnoses among younger people with lower adaptive capacities and less mature cognitive abilities which make them vulnerable against psychological distresses (Cénat and Derivois, 2014) .
cord-268884-oi5l5f7f	2020	10 The primary aim of this study was to assess the levels of anxiety, depression and traumatic stress, based on validated selfreport measures, in a large, representative community sample during an early stage of the pandemic, between 23 and 28 March 2020. Our secondary aim was to identify groups that are psychologically vulnerable during the pandemic, by assessing the relationship between levels of anxiety, depression and traumatic stress and (a) age; (b) household income; (c) economic threat due to COVID-19; (d) health-related risk factors (being male, self or close friend or relative having a pre-existing serious health condition); (e) COVID-19 infection status; (f) anxiety specifically related to COVID-19; (g) perceived risk of COVID-19 infection; (h) living in an urban area; (i) living as a lone adult and (j) living with children in the home.
cord-269522-38dhwggn	2009	
cord-269703-d3yv9mcl	2020	The complex and harsh experience provoked a hypomanic response such as elated feelings with increased energy, decreased need for sleep and an increase in goal-directed activity, which allowed him to continue working, even though he was adversely affected by the disaster. Thereafter, we considered the characteristics of mental health problems that emerge in disaster-relief workers, a long time after the disaster, and the conditions and treatments necessary for recovery. Thereafter, we considered the characteristics of mental health problems that emerge in disaster-relief workers, a long time after the disaster, and the conditions and treatments necessary for recovery. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression significantly impair the social functioning of those affected and are often recognised as the most visible mental health effects on survivors, as was the case with the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) of 2011. The GEJE, which was followed by the nuclear accidents, left the affected areas severely damaged and required the victims to contribute as disaster-relief workers for a long period.
cord-272940-i9iugwz1	2020	Quantitative studies using validated questionnaires on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) of Nurses exposed to corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China are rare and the baseline PTSD must first be evaluated before prevention. The incidence of PTSD in Nurses exposed to COVID-19 was 16.83%, the PCL-C score was 27.00 (21.00–34.00), and the highest score in the three dimensions was avoidance dimension 9.50 (7.00–13.25); multivariable stepwise linear regression analysis showed that job satisfaction and gender were independently associated with lower PCL-C scores (both P < .001); PCL-C scores were correlated with positive coping (r = −0.151, P = .032), negative coping (r = 0.154, P = .029). The purpose of this study was to investigate PCL-C scores and the incidence of PTSD in Nurses exposed to COVID-19 in China; to analysis of influencing factors of PTSD; and to explore the correlation between the PCL-C scores, positive coping and negative coping.
cord-276044-z7rupgfo	2020	
cord-285027-40ciukd7	2018	We assessed symptoms of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the general population in Sierra Leone after over a year of outbreak response. ► To the best of our knowledge, the assessment was the first national survey that examined the impact of the devastating Ebola epidemic on populationlevel mental health using globally validated scales, and conducted after more than a year of ongoing transmission of Ebola in the country. 25 26 Known risk factors for anxiety, depression and PTSDincluding experience with ill individuals, perceptions of threat, high levels of mortality, food and resource insecurity, stigma and discrimination, and intolerance of uncertainty-may have been experienced by people in Sierra Leone during the Ebola epidemic. Table 4 presents multivariate analyses of the associations between Ebola experience and perceived Ebola threat and symptoms of anxiety and depression and PTSD, adjusting for gender, age, region and education levels.
cord-286889-l765mxmy	2010	Eight themes, including (1) defining disaster, (2) nursing during and after disaster, (3) nursing education in disaster preparedness, (4) military nurse preparedness, (5) postdisaster stress, (6) ethical issues and intent to respond, (7) policy, and (8) hospital emergency policy, were derived from the review and are explored in this article. Although some nurses identified their experiences of working during and in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina and other health emergencies as rewarding, they also identified planning and education as critical needs for providing care in future disasters. 20 Specifically, the guidelines state that baccalaureate nursing programs should prepare graduates to use clinical judgment appropriately and provide timely interventions when making decisions and performing nursing care during disasters, mass casualties, and other emergency situations. Because the literature reveals that working during disasters and traumatic situations causes increased stress for nurses, it is necessary to include information related to disorders that have been associated with experiencing traumatic situations.
cord-287452-nslygsdf	2020	Furthermore, a recent study that explored psychological distress related to COVID-19 indicated that prior trauma exposure and J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f subsequent PTSD symptoms were associated with elevated levels of psychiatric symptomatology and peritraumatic stress symptoms during the pandemic (Lahav, under review) . Specifically, it explored the unique contribution of PTG attributed to prior trauma in explaining peritraumatic stress symptoms J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f related to the pandemic, above and beyond background characteristics, COVID-19-related stressors, and PTSD symptoms resulting from past trauma. Our results revealed that several background characteristics and COVID-19-related stressors were associated with peritraumatic stress symptoms during the pandemic, even after taking into account PTSD symptoms and PTG attributed to prior trauma.
cord-291643-c8dgf7mx	2020	
cord-292853-xihpfidg	2015	A social-ecological framework is used to differentiate the impact of exposure to traumatic stressors and the development of (or resistance to) PTSD, based on the individual''s or group''s (i) personal, unique physical characteristics, including skin color, racial background, gender, and sexual orientation; and (ii) family, ethnocultural, and community membership, including majority or minority group status, religious beliefs and practices, socioeconomic resources, and political and civic affiliations. Depending on Social, cultural, and other diversity issues in the traumatic stress field 505 their cultural background and its traditions and beliefs, individuals may also have "multiple vulnerability status"-that is, to be members of more than one group or to have characteristic that cause them to be even more susceptible to discrimination or victimization (i.e., adolescent black male in the United States; a baby born with physical or developmental disabilities in a culture that endorses selective resources to the ablebodied; a gay man or lesbian woman of color in a highly homophobic and racist society).
cord-297289-4kudq4h7	2020	title: Risk reduction through family therapy (RRFT): Protocol of a randomized controlled efficacy trial of an integrative treatment for co-occurring substance use problems and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in adolescents who have experienced interpersonal violence and other traumatic events Beyond serving as the first large RCT to date to address the long-standing question of efficacy of an integrative treatment targeting co-occurring SUP and PTSD for adolescents, the study aimed to improve clinical practice by offering: 1) a more efficient alternative to the current compartmentalized approach to treatment of this population (which often involves referrals to multiple agencies) [21] ; and 2) a risk-reduction option for youth at elevated risk for developing substance abuse and related mental health problems in the future, but who may or may not meet diagnostic thresholds.
cord-298536-kksivbh8	2020	Individuals who had been exposed to trauma, and to CTS in particular, had elevated anxiety, depression, and peritraumatic stress symptoms compared to individuals without such a history or to survivors of non-ongoing traumatic events. Specifically, the current investigation strove to explore the contribution of PTSD symptoms as a result of past trauma exposure versus as a result of CTS in explaining psychological distress (peritraumatic stress symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and depression symptoms) in the face of COVID-19. To explore the moderating role of trauma type (CTS versus previous non-ongoing trauma exposure) in the associations between PTSD symptoms and psychological distress related to the COVID-19 pandemic, moderation analyses were conducted via PROCESS (Model 1) computational macro (Hayes, 2012) . Additionally, higher levels of PTSD symptoms subsequent to trauma exposure were related to elevated psychological distress manifested in anxiety, depression, and peritraumatic stress symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic.
cord-309264-jtid5g1p	2020	Throughout the years, I have learned to manage my condition effectively through treatments which have helped me in different ways. Then, the world became engulfed in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which required people everywhere to make drastic changes to their lives in order to protect themselves and others against this novel virus. These changes, and the global malaise surrounding the pandemic, have heightened some of the PTSD symptoms that I had learned to cope with efficiently. Just like that, within 2 weeks of social distancing measures being put in place, I found myself expanding considerable energy managing these symptoms. While I understand that people need a positive outlook on the situation in order to keep hope, I cannot help but think about those of us for whom it is just not going to be alright. I also hope that sharing my experience will spark a conversation among health care workers about PTSD, as they are themselves currently dealing with immense stress and trauma.
cord-309997-iwueedmm	2010	
cord-318363-1mv5j4w2	2020	
cord-318803-xpa49sxt	2008	From substance abuse, combat, infections, sexual abuse, and mental illness, troops about to be deployed to or returning from the Persian Gulf, as well as their families, face potentially significant medical, psychological and financial challenges. The following monograph describes and discusses many of the challenges our Persian Gulf troops will face in the hope it will better prepare civilian health care professionals provide appropriate services, address gaps in resources, promote collaboration between biomedical and psychosocial professional disciplines, and ultimately assist our patients to successfully reenter society. In the following sections we will discuss the changing nature of battlefield injuries and the impact on survivors and their families, the endemic illnesses of the Persian Gulf, approaches to PTSD and other threats to health, psychosocial issues, as well as emerging resources under development and yet to be realized for the care of our returning troops.
cord-319400-lghjiw5p	2020	
cord-322034-8wwqxkjl	2020	In addition to this, on the basis of signs and symptoms, TCM were used on treat mental disorder as per suggested clinical and animal experimental data plus relevant records in classical Chinese medicine books written by Zhang Zhongiing during Han Dynasty. Therefore, due to the fear of disease, physical discomfort, drug side effects and social isolation, COVID-19 patients might be suffering from loneliness, anger, anxiety, depression, insomnia and PTSD in the period of treatment and isolation [20] . Ganmai Dazao Decoction was indicated for "Hysteria disease", whose symptoms were sadness, crying, mood disorders, and abnormal behavior, Decoction combined with Flupentixol and Melitracen Tablets in the treatment of menopausal depression and found that the total clinical effective rate of the combined group was significantly higher than that of the single group [51] . Research suggested that patients with PTSD of Yin deficiency of heart and lung Syndrome were suitable to be treated with Lily Bulb and Rehmannia Decoction.
cord-325213-e6i6buow	2010	
cord-327452-fl7yrpzs	2020	
cord-329561-4cz2jtt7	2020	
cord-331797-05kcygis	2020	Summary sentence Individual physicians and hospital administration should take proactive steps to minimize the compounding effects of high baseline burnout and the acute stressors of the COVID-19 pandemic in order to promote wellness among health-care providers. As much as social distancing is being leveraged as a critical method of COVID-19 disease containment, both individual and system based practices will be required to reduce workplace stress and burnout and minimize the acute stress response and risk of subsequent PTSD. Support an infrastructure that allows radiologists and staff to work from home Decrease exposure and mitigate concerns about contracting the virus and promotes schedule flexibility Increase education treatment about burnout, ASD, and PTSD, via expert panel discussions and access to mental health Increase awareness and early intervention, reduce stigma Employ non-traditional methods of physician engagement (eg narrative medicine)
cord-336257-f6yglaz8	2020	Although these results need to be considered with caution being based on self-reported data collected at the beginning of this emergency, they should be used as a starting point for further studies aimed to develop interventions to minimize both the brief and long-term psychological consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. In both countries younger age, student status, female gender and direct contact with COVID-19 infection are associated with a greater psychological impact of the emergency, involving many psychopathological dimensions (e.g., anxiety, distress, sleep disturbance) [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] 26] . One of the aims of the study was to analyse the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak in the different Italian territorial areas. Overall, the results highlighted high levels of anxiety, psychopathological symptoms and PTSD symptoms in Italian respondents during the first critical phase of the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and of the Government measures taken to contain it.
cord-336942-2mvcyvbl	2020	
cord-338250-cq74vjib	2020	
cord-351852-ilxaurgt	2020	
cord-353427-m7xwsqdk	2020	title: Psychometric Property Study of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) in Chinese Healthcare Workers during the Outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019 BACKGROUND: Previous studies about the reliability and validity of the updated PCL version for the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (PCL-5) have only been evaluated in certain samples of the population, which lacks in the sample of Healthcare Workers. While there are many other instruments studied and being used in different settings, this article focuses on the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), a 20-item self-report measure that assesses the presence and severity of PTSD symptoms (Weathers FW et al., 2013 number of core symptoms, it appears to be effective and reliable, and performs as well yields similar results as longer and more complex measurements (Brewin, 2005) .