# ent

id: cord-254288-duukt2wh
type: ORG
entity:
  COVID 19 control Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales Ebola and Psychological Stress of Health Care Professionals Living


id: cord-251962-xeue441p
type: LAW
entity:
  The COVID 19 Psychological Wellbeing Study Understanding the Longitudinal Psychosocial Impact of the COVID


id: cord-269476-lrk4ty99
type: FAC
entity:
  Guinea Preliminary Report Ebola Underscoring the Global Disparities in Health Care Resources WHO Ebola Response Team Ebola Virus Disease


id: cord-269245-bp4q4plt
type: GGP
entity:
  Psychosom Res DOI 10 1016 j jpsychores 2020 110253 sha faf452448a76953283da76c42f49bab79d8437a1 doc_id 269245 cord_uid bp4q4plt Objective In this study the authors analyzed the status of anxiety depression and insomnia symptoms and influential factors


id: cord-000017-gcjgfasj
type: ORG
entity:
  Western Australia Health Information Centre Department of Health Australian Bureau of Statistics National Survey of Mental Health


id: cord-262428-erlmyzwn
type: CELL_LINE
entity:
  Chongqing China Frontline nurses x2019 burnout anxiety depression and fear statuses and their associated factors


id: cord-262428-erlmyzwn
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Lancet Psychiatry Protecting Health Care Workers From Ebola Personal Protective Equipment Is Critical


id: cord-262428-erlmyzwn
type: ORG
entity:
  Coronavirus Disease Survey of Insomnia and Related Social Psychological Factors Among Medical Staff Involved


id: cord-289378-ghmqd3yv
type: ORG
entity:
  Taiwan Centers for Disease Control Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital and Medical College of National Cheng Kung University


id: cord-274677-7kcoodyv
type: ORG
entity:
  Doctors Mental Health Program National Mental Health Survey of Doctors and Medical Students Depression


id: cord-274774-klystgj4
type: ORG
entity:
  An Integrative Review Examining Student to Student Incivility and Effective Strategies to Address Incivility in Nursing Education Gratitude


id: cord-348806-yi9vbgwj
type: LAW
entity:
  the COVID 19 Pandemic Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors Kaci Hickox Public Health


id: cord-344797-d2h0ugpa
type: DISEASE
entity:
  voice behaviours defensive voice behaviours silence behaviours supportive behaviours unsupportive behaviours learning


id: cord-309273-gtvi37gh
type: GGP
entity:
  Parkinson s disease Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement Personality in Adulthood Personality and sedentary behavior A systematic review and meta


id: cord-309273-gtvi37gh
type: LAW
entity:
  the COVID 19 Outbreak Testing a Moderated Mediation Model and Machine Learning Algorithms Psychological


id: cord-334711-58ygbyiz
type: FAC
entity:
  Evaluación de la Personalidad Emprendedora Validez Factorial de Cuestionario de Orientación Emprendedora COE Proactive


id: cord-351530-crsii3pu
type: GGP
entity:
  Cronbach s alpha α and composite reliability which were 0 85 and 0 88 respectively These were above the recommended value of 0 70 Validity was assessed with the average variance extracted AVE which was 0 503 above the minimum required benchmark of 0 50 Hair et


id: cord-351530-crsii3pu
type: ORG
entity:
  Sustainable Change Management through Employee Readiness Decision Support System Adoption in Technology Intensive


id: cord-346791-f2bjsopv
type: ORG
entity:
  Coronavirus Stress Optimism Pessimism Psychological Inflexibility and Psychological Health Psychometric Properties


id: cord-344048-lx9krl5v
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Network Investigation on Knowledge Attitude and Practice About COVID 19 of the Residents in Anhui Province Risk Perception


id: cord-344048-lx9krl5v
type: LAW
entity:
  the COVID 19 Pandemic Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors Psychosocial Impact of Quarantine Measures


id: cord-356132-1nisyl5r
type: ORG
entity:
  Chinese University Students Mental Health Sciencepaper Online Psychological Distress and Social Functioning


id: cord-320228-vbzceozs
type: ORG
entity:
  Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning Shanghai Recruitment Program of Global Experts the National Nature Science of China


id: cord-334532-r5lnjsvl
type: ORG
entity:
  the Pandemic The Unique Associations of COVID 19 Related Perceived Threat and Psychological Distress to Drinking Behaviors


id: cord-334532-r5lnjsvl
type: DATE
entity:
  all 5 once month 1 once month 2 two times month 3 three times month 4 once week 8 twice week 12 three times week 16 four times week


# bib

id: cord-000017-gcjgfasj
author: Taylor, Melanie R
date: 2008-10-03
txt: ./txt/cord-000017-gcjgfasj.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-000017-gcjgfasj.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2571100/
doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-8-347
summary:
  However, this study is the first to collect psychological distress data from an affected population during such a disease outbreak and has potential to inform those involved in assessing the potential psychological impacts of human infectious diseases, such as pandemic influenza. This paper reports data collected on non-specific psychological distress; however the full study covered many other aspects, such as adherence to biosecurity requirements, effects of social isolation due to quarantine and the consequences of restricted horse movement and related activities, and sources of support and coping during the EI outbreak. The prevalence of ''very high'' psychological distress in this sample was approaching five times the level reported in recent population health data for NSW [24] . Study findings indicated that this affected population had highly elevated levels of psychological distress and that, although prevalence of high psychological distress was greater in infected EI control zones and States, elevated levels of psychological distress were experienced in horse-owners nationally, and not just in areas where equine influenza was present.

title:
  Factors influencing psychological distress during a disease epidemic: Data from Australia''s first outbreak of equine influenza

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: In 2007 Australia experienced its first outbreak of highly infectious equine influenza. Government disease control measures were put in place to control, contain, and eradicate the disease; these measures included movement restrictions and quarantining of properties. This study was conducted to assess the psycho-social impacts of this disease, and this paper reports the prevalence of, and factors influencing, psychological distress during this outbreak. METHODS: Data were collected using an online survey, with a link directed to the affected population via a number of industry groups. Psychological distress, as determined by the Kessler 10 Psychological Distress Scale, was the main outcome measure. RESULTS: In total, 2760 people participated in this study. Extremely high levels of non-specific psychological distress were reported by respondents in this study, with 34% reporting high psychological distress (K10 > 22), compared to levels of around 12% in the Australian general population. Analysis, using backward stepwise binary logistic regression analysis, revealed that those living in high risk infection (red) zones (OR = 2.00; 95% CI: 1.57–2.55; p < 0.001) and disease buffer (amber) zones (OR = 1.83; 95% CI: 1.36–2.46; p < 0.001) were at much greater risk of high psychological distress than those living in uninfected (white zones). Although prevalence of high psychological distress was greater in infected EI zones and States, elevated levels of psychological distress were experienced in horse-owners nationally. Statistical analysis indicated that certain groups were more vulnerable to high psychological distress; specifically younger people, and those with lower levels of formal educational qualifications. Respondents whose principal source of income was from horse-related industry were more than twice as likely to have high psychological distress than those whose primary source of income was not linked to horse-related industry (OR = 2.23; 95% CI: 1.82–2.73; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Although, methodologically, this study had good internal validity, it has limited generalisability because it was not possible to identify, bound, or sample the target population accurately. However, this study is the first to collect psychological distress data from an affected population during such a disease outbreak and has potential to inform those involved in assessing the potential psychological impacts of human infectious diseases, such as pandemic influenza.


id: cord-018475-h8qwxdtn
title: Prevention Strategies and Promoting Psychological Resilience to Bioterrorism Through Communication
author: Speckhard, Anne
date: 2007
txt: ./txt/cord-018475-h8qwxdtn.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-018475-h8qwxdtn.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7123356/
doi: 10.1007/978-1-4020-5808-0_13
abstract: nan
summary:
  With the erosion of strict borders between countries (particularly in the European Union) and even world regions (since the fall of the Soviet bloc), the advance and portability of high-tech weaponry including biological, chemical, and nuclear hazards, and the ease and speed of communication through the Internet and telephones for purposes of recruitment, training, and planning terror attacks -terrorists now have a global playing field in which even small groups of individuals can motivate, plan, and enact mass terrorist events. Governments and media must work together preparing ahead of time on how to communicate calmly in such crises in a manner that will offer useful preventative measures, minimize the potential negative effects of psychosocial contagions (including citizenry becoming noncompliant and aggressive), prevent mass sociogenic illness from occurring, and prevent overwhelming of the medical systems by those whose emotional state has put them in need of medical care.


id: cord-251962-xeue441p
author: Armour, Cherie
date: 2020-11-04
txt: ./txt/cord-251962-xeue441p.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-251962-xeue441p.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-020-09841-4
doi: 10.1007/s10862-020-09841-4
summary:
  The aim of this paper was to describe (1) the rationale behind the study and the corresponding selection of constructs to be assessed; (2) the study design and methodology; (3) the resultant sociodemographic characteristics of the full sample; (4) how the baseline survey data compares to the UK adult population (using data from the Census) on a variety of sociodemographic variables; (5) the ongoing efforts for weekly and monthly longitudinal assessments of the baseline cohort; and (6) outline future research directions. 2005) , posttraumatic stress symptoms were measured, and, given the nature of the study and prior research having highlighted that quarantined and infected individuals and their family 1 Please note that these figures refer to deaths of people who had a confirmed positive COVID19 test result. In order to assess the representativeness of the COVID-19 Psychological Wellbeing Study sample to the UK general population, it was compared to data from the UK Census 2011 for adults aged 18 years + .

title:
  The COVID-19 Psychological Wellbeing Study: Understanding the Longitudinal Psychosocial Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the UK; a Methodological Overview Paper

abstract:
  The COVID-19 Psychological Wellbeing Study was designed and implemented as a rapid survey of the psychosocial impacts of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), known as COVID-19 in residents across the United Kingdom. This study utilised a longitudinal design to collect online survey based data. The aim of this paper was to describe (1) the rationale behind the study and the corresponding selection of constructs to be assessed; (2) the study design and methodology; (3) the resultant sociodemographic characteristics of the full sample; (4) how the baseline survey data compares to the UK adult population (using data from the Census) on a variety of sociodemographic variables; (5) the ongoing efforts for weekly and monthly longitudinal assessments of the baseline cohort; and (6) outline future research directions. We believe the study is in a unique position to make a significant contribution to the growing body of literature to help understand the psychological impact of this pandemic and inform future clinical and research directions that the UK will implement in response to COVID-19.


id: cord-253211-klewqw7u
title: Factors Influencing Mental Health of Medical Workers During the COVID-19 Outbreak
author: Zhang, Yan
date: 2020-09-22
txt: ./txt/cord-253211-klewqw7u.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-253211-klewqw7u.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33072685/
doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00491
summary:
  We used a self-designed questionnaire to collect demographic information and data on mental states, including gender, age (years), educational level, job rank, body and mind reaction, cognition of risk, and the judgment of the epidemic situation. At the same time, the psychological stress responses of medical staff were significantly different according to the levels of exposure in their environments, duration and personal experience. Inspired by this theory, this study attempted to investigate whether differences in the exposure environment, personal experience, and exposure duration of medical care personnel would lead to differences in their psychological responses, and advice and assistance were provided to personnel to prevent the development of mental health issues. We used a selfdesigned questionnaire to collect demographics and mental state data including factors such as gender, age (years), educational level, job rank, body and mind reaction, cognition of risk, and the judgment of the epidemic situation, which was started in the third week after the outbreak, and the specific time is from February 12 to February 21, 2020.

abstract:
  Background: Since the outbreak of COVID-19, physical and psychological harm has been spreading across the global population alongside the spread of the virus. Currently, the novel coronavirus has spread to most countries in the world, and its impact on the public is also increasing. As a high-risk group in direct contact with the virus, medical workers should be monitored, and their mental health deserves extensive attention. The aim of this study was to explore the mental health of medical workers facing the novel coronavirus and the main factors affecting it. Methods: The present cross-sectional study including 2,100 eligible individuals from 1,050 hospitals in China was conducted through the network platform powered by www.wjx.cn, a platform providing functions equivalent to Amazon Mechanical Turk. We used a self-designed questionnaire to collect demographic information and data on mental states, including gender, age (years), educational level, job rank, body and mind reaction, cognition of risk, and the judgment of the epidemic situation. Independent samples t-tests and one-way (ANOVA) analysis were carried out to compare the differences in the mental reactions according to the demographic and psychological states of the participants. Results: There were 502 males (23.9%) and 1,598 females (76.1%). The participants reported feeling calm (39.1%), tense (63.0%), scared (31.4%), angry (18.8%), sad (49.0%), afraid (34.7%), optimistic (5.1%), impressed (65.0%), and confident (31.1%) during the epidemic. At the same time, the psychological stress responses of medical staff were significantly different according to the levels of exposure in their environments, duration and personal experience. Conclusions: Prolonged exposure to the virus and intense work are detrimental to the mental health of medical care personnel. It is necessary to adjust work conditions and intensity according to workers' mental state flexibly and systematically.


id: cord-254288-duukt2wh
author: Chew, Nicholas W.S.
date: 2020-04-21
txt: ./txt/cord-254288-duukt2wh.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-254288-duukt2wh.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32330593/
doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.049
summary:
  title: A multinational, multicentre study on the psychological outcomes and associated physical symptoms amongst healthcare workers during COVID-19 outbreak METHODS: Healthcare workers from 5 major hospitals, involved in the care for COVID-19 patients, in Singapore and India were invited to participate in a study by performing a self-administered questionnaire within the period of February 19 to April 17, 2020. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates a significant association between the prevalence of physical symptoms and psychological outcomes among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 outbreak. We investigate the association between various physical symptoms and psychological distress amongst healthcare workers in Singapore and India during the current COVID-19 outbreak. The study questionnaire, written in English, comprised five main components-demographic characteristics, medical history, symptom prevalence in the previous month, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) and the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) instruments. This multinational, multicenter study found significant association between adverse psychological outcomes and physical symptoms displayed by healthcare workers during the current COVID-19 pandemic.

title:
  A multinational, multicentre study on the psychological outcomes and associated physical symptoms amongst healthcare workers during COVID-19 outbreak

abstract:
  OBJECTIVE: Since the declaration of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak as pandemic, there are reports on the increased prevalence of physical symptoms observed in the general population. We investigated the association between psychological outcomes and physical symptoms among healthcare workers. METHODS: Healthcare workers from 5 major hospitals, involved in the care for COVID-19 patients, in Singapore and India were invited to participate in a study by performing a self-administered questionnaire within the period of February 19 to April 17, 2020. Healthcare workers included doctors, nurses, allied healthcare workers, administrators, clerical staff and maintenance workers. This questionnaire collected information on demographics, medical history, symptom prevalence in the past month, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) and the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) instrument. The prevalence of physical symptoms displayed by healthcare workers and the associations between physical symptoms and psychological outcomes of depression, anxiety, stress, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were evaluated. RESULTS: Out of the 906 healthcare workers who participated in the survey, 48 (5.3%) screened positive for moderate to very-severe depression, 79 (8.7%) for moderate to extremely-severe anxiety, 20 (2.2%) for moderate to extremely-severe stress, and 34 (3.8%) for moderate to severe levels of psychological distress. The commonest reported symptom was headache (32.3%), with a large number of participants (33.4%) reporting more than four symptoms. Participants who had experienced symptoms in the preceding month were more likely to be older, have pre-existing comorbidities and a positive screen for depression, anxiety, stress, and PTSD. After adjusting for age, gender and comorbidities, it was found that depression (OR 2.79, 95% CI 1.54–5.07, p = 0.001), anxiety (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.36–3.48, p = 0.001), stress (OR 3.06, 95% CI 1.27–7.41, p = 0.13), and PTSD (OR 2.20, 95% CI 1.12–4.35, p = 0.023) remained significantly associated with the presence of physical symptoms experienced in the preceding month. Linear regression revealed that the presence of physical symptoms was associated with higher mean scores in the IES-R, DASS Anxiety, Stress and Depression subscales. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates a significant association between the prevalence of physical symptoms and psychological outcomes among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 outbreak. We postulate that this association may be bi-directional, and that timely psychological interventions for healthcare workers with physical symptoms should be considered once an infection has been excluded.


id: cord-255360-yjn24sja
author: O''Connor, Daryl B.
date: 2020-07-19
txt: ./txt/cord-255360-yjn24sja.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-255360-yjn24sja.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12468
doi: 10.1111/bjop.12468
summary:
  The most pressing need is to research the negative biopsychosocial impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic to facilitate immediate and longer‐term recovery, not only in relation to mental health, but also in relation to behaviour change and adherence, work, education, children and families, physical health and the brain, and social cohesion and connectedness. Specifically, we have identified the shorter-and longerterm priorities around mental health, behaviour change and adherence, work, education, children and families, physical health and the brain, and social cohesion and connectedness in order to (1) frame the breadth and scope of potential contributions from across the discipline, (2) assist psychological scientists in focusing their resources on gaps in the literature, and (3) help funders and policymakers make informed decisions about the shorter-and longer-term COVID-19 research priorities to meet the needs of societies as they emerge from the acute phase of the crisis.

title:
  Research priorities for the COVID‐19 pandemic and beyond: A call to action for psychological science

abstract:
  The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) that has caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic represents the greatest international biopsychosocial emergency the world has faced for a century, and psychological science has an integral role to offer in helping societies recover. The aim of this paper is to set out the shorter‐ and longer‐term priorities for research in psychological science that will (a) frame the breadth and scope of potential contributions from across the discipline; (b) enable researchers to focus their resources on gaps in knowledge; and (c) help funders and policymakers make informed decisions about future research priorities in order to best meet the needs of societies as they emerge from the acute phase of the pandemic. The research priorities were informed by an expert panel convened by the British Psychological Society that reflects the breadth of the discipline; a wider advisory panel with international input; and a survey of 539 psychological scientists conducted early in May 2020. The most pressing need is to research the negative biopsychosocial impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic to facilitate immediate and longer‐term recovery, not only in relation to mental health, but also in relation to behaviour change and adherence, work, education, children and families, physical health and the brain, and social cohesion and connectedness. We call on psychological scientists to work collaboratively with other scientists and stakeholders, establish consortia, and develop innovative research methods while maintaining high‐quality, open, and rigorous research standards.


id: cord-256041-k4y6t0i5
title: Related Health Factors of Psychological Distress During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain
author: Gómez-Salgado, Juan
date: 2020-06-02
txt: ./txt/cord-256041-k4y6t0i5.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-256041-k4y6t0i5.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113947
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17113947
summary:
  The objective of the study is to analyse the psychological distress in a Spanish population sample during the COVID-19 pandemic, identifying the predictive character and role that sociodemographic variables, the presence of physical symptoms, and other health-related variables may have. Our results are in line with those found in most studies, showing that women present significantly higher levels of distress (with low size effect), and this can therefore be understood as an individual risk factor in the face of the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic. However, a study similar to the present one conducted at the beginning of the COVID-19 quarantine identified an increased risk of psychological distress among people over 60 years of age [33] . Among the variables that predict psychological distress are, therefore: being female, age, employment situation, number of symptoms, perception of poor health, having been in close contact with an infected person, as well as having been in contact with people or material suspected of being infected.

abstract:
  Measures to prevent and contain the COVID-19 health crisis include population confinement, with the consequent isolation and interruption of their usual activities. The aim of the study is to analyse psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. For this, a cross-sectional observational study with a sample of 4180 people over the age of 18 during quarantine was developed. Variables considered were sociodemographic variables, physical symptoms, health conditions, COVID-19 contact history and psychological adjustment. The data were collected through a self-developed questionnaire and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Bivariate analyses were performed, including Chi-Squared test and Student’s T-test. Predictive ability was calculated through logistic regression. Results obtained showed a high level of psychological distress (72.0%), with a higher percentage in women and people of lower middle age. Statistically significant differences were found in the variable working situation (χ² = 63.139, p ≤ 0.001, V = 0.123) and living with children under the age of 16 (χ² = 7.393, p = 0.007, V = 0.042). The predictive variables with the highest weight were sex (OR = 1.952, 95% IC = (1.667, 2.286)), presence of symptoms (OR = 1.130, 95% CI = (1.074, 1.190)), and having had close contact with an individual with confirmed COVID-19 (OR = 1.241, 95% CI = (1.026, 1.500)). These results could enrich prevention interventions in public health and, in particular, in mental health in similar pandemic situations.


id: cord-256752-x7h4tix2
author: Yu, Hua
date: 2020-08-27
txt: ./txt/cord-256752-x7h4tix2.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-256752-x7h4tix2.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32854656/
doi: 10.1186/s12888-020-02826-3
summary:
  We hypothesized that an active coping style and social support were protective factors against psychological distress in the general Chinese population in the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic. Differences in demographic characteristics between respondents with high or low psychological distress in non-suspected cases were assessed for significance using the independent two-samples t test, in the case of age and family income coefficient; or the chi-squared test, in the case of sex, marital status, education level, residence location, presence of COVID-19 in the respondent''s community, time spent per day searching for information about COVID-19 (Supplementary Table 3 ). Among those without suspected infection, factors significantly associated with high psychological distress were unmarried status, spending > 6 h per day searching for information about COVID-19, a passive coping style and lower social support.

title:
  Coping style, social support and psychological distress in the general Chinese population in the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychological status of the general population in mainland China during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and to explore the factors influencing psychological distress, in order to provide the basis for further psychological intervention programs. METHODS: We administered three questionnaires on-line to a convenience sample of the general population from different regions of mainland China from February 1 to February 4, 2020. We used the Mandarin versions of the six-item Kessler psychological distress scale (K6), the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ), and the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). We also collected demographic data and other information related to the COVID-19 outbreak. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors influencing psychological distress. RESULTS: Of 1607 respondents, 1588 returned valid questionnaires and were included in the analysis. Nearly one quarter (22.8%) had high levels of psychological distress (K6 score ≥ 13). Individuals with higher psychological distress were more likely to be unmarried, spend more than 6 h per day searching for information about COVID-19, more frequently adopt a passive coping style, and report less social support than those with lower psychological distress. CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 outbreak in China has a great impact on the mental health status of the general population. Active coping strategies and increased social support are significantly correlated with decreased psychological distress, and may serve as the basis for psychological interventions.


id: cord-257216-0dr6xupy
author: Liang, Leilei
date: 2020-07-06
txt: ./txt/cord-257216-0dr6xupy.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-257216-0dr6xupy.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32627606/
doi: 10.1177/1359105320937057
summary:
  This study aims to explore the relationship between psychological distress and post-traumatic stress disorder among Chinese participants as the result of COVID-19 outbreak. In a survey with regard to the mental health of general population 2 weeks after the COVID-19 outbreak in China, which the result showed about one-third of participants reported moderate to severe level of anxiety (Wang et al., 2020a) , and nearly 40.4% of the youth had a tendency to have psychological problems . However, most of previous studies focused on the impacts of public health emergencies such as infectious diseases on the medical staffs who are diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (Brooks et al., 2018; Kang et al., 2020) , and less on the impacts of PTSD diagnoses among younger people with lower adaptive capacities and less mature cognitive abilities which make them vulnerable against psychological distresses (Cénat and Derivois, 2014) .

title:
  Post-traumatic stress disorder and psychological distress in Chinese youths following the COVID-19 emergency

abstract:
  This study aims to explore the relationship between psychological distress and post-traumatic stress disorder among Chinese participants as the result of COVID-19 outbreak. This study was conducted within 1 month after COVID-19 appeared in China, it included 570 participants age from 14 to 35. The results indicated that 12.8% of all participants with the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and the effects of psychological distress on post-traumatic stress disorder was mediated by negative coping style. Gender moderated the direct effect between psychological distress and post-traumatic stress disorder, which is a significant discovery for relevant departments to take further measures.


id: cord-258879-dueab356
title: Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on postgraduate trainees: a cross-sectional survey
author: Imran, Nazish
date: 2020-08-25
txt: ./txt/cord-258879-dueab356.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-258879-dueab356.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32843485/
doi: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-138364
summary:
  BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to evaluate psychological impact of COVID-19 outbreak on postgraduate trainees in Pakistan by quantifying the symptoms of depression, anxiety and acute stress disorder and by analysing potential risk factors associated with these symptoms. METHODS: Following Institutional Review Board approval, a cross-sectional study was conducted among 10,178 postgraduate trainees following COVID-19 outbreak through e-log system of College of Physicians and Surgeons of Pakistan. To address this gap, the present study aimed to evaluate psychological impact of COVID-19 outbreak on postgraduate trainees in Pakistan by quantifying the symptoms of depression, anxiety and acute stress, and by analysing potential risk factors associated with these symptoms. Previous small-scale studies done to assess psychological morbidity among postgraduate trainees in Pakistan found that 14% had depression symptoms and 8% had moderate anxiety. ► Female postgraduate trainees and those working as front-line healthcare workers reported experiencing more anxiety, depression and acute stress symptoms.

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to evaluate psychological impact of COVID-19 outbreak on postgraduate trainees in Pakistan by quantifying the symptoms of depression, anxiety and acute stress disorder and by analysing potential risk factors associated with these symptoms. METHODS: Following Institutional Review Board approval, a cross-sectional study was conducted among 10,178 postgraduate trainees following COVID-19 outbreak through e-log system of College of Physicians and Surgeons of Pakistan. The nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire, seven-item Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale and Stanford Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire were used to collect data. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS.26. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test, the χ(2) test and logistic regression analysis were performed. The significance level was set at α=0.05. RESULTS: The prevalence of depressive symptoms, generalised anxiety disorder and acute stress disorder were 26.4%, 22.6% and 4.4%, respectively. Female postgraduate trainees, senior trainees and front-line workers reported experiencing more anxiety, depression and acute stress symptoms (p value<0.001). Logistic regression showed that being a front-line and senior staff member and female was associated with higher risk of experiencing symptoms of depression, anxiety and acute stress. CONCLUSIONS: Our study findings raise concerns about the psychological well-being of postgraduate trainees during the acute COVID-19 outbreak in Pakistan. It is necessary to employ strategies to minimise the psychological distress and provide adequate psychosocial support for postgraduate trainees during crisis situation such as COVID-19 pandemic.


id: cord-259562-e1htl489
author: Petzold, Moritz Bruno
date: 2020-07-07
txt: ./txt/cord-259562-e1htl489.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-259562-e1htl489.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32633464/
doi: 10.1002/brb3.1745
summary:
  An online survey in the general population in China showed that more than half of the participants rated the psychological impact of the events as moderate-to-severe and 16.5% reported depressive and 28.8% anxiety symptoms of moderate-to-severe intensity during the initial stage of the pandemic. Another study from China showed a lower prevalence of symptoms of psychological distress in Chinese workforce during the COVID-19 outbreak Tan, Hao, et al., 2020) , and particularly, individuals with preexisting (mental) health issues seem to suffer from psychological strain in the context of the pandemic . Hence, the aim of the present study was to assess psychological distress, anxiety, and depression with regard to the COVID-19 pandemic and to analyze possible risk and protective factors. Our study represents the first study that assesses psychological distress, anxiety, and depression as well as risk and protective factors in the current COVID-19 pandemic in Germany.

title:
  Risk, resilience, psychological distress, and anxiety at the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Germany

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: The current COVID‐19 pandemic comes with multiple psychological stressors due to health‐related, social, economic, and individual consequences and may cause psychological distress. The aim of this study was to screen the population in Germany for negative impact on mental health in the current COVID‐19 pandemic and to analyze possible risk and protective factors. METHODS: A total of 6,509 people took part in an online survey in Germany from 27 March to 6 April. The questionnaire included demographic information and ascertained psychological distress, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and risk and protective factors. RESULTS: In our sample, over 50% expressed suffering from anxiety and psychological distress regarding the COVID‐19 pandemic. Participants spent several hours per day thinking about COVID‐19 (M = 4.45). Psychological and social determinants showed stronger associations with anxiety regarding COVID‐19 than experiences with the disease. CONCLUSIONS: The current COVID‐19 pandemic does cause psychological distress, anxiety, and depression for large proportions of the general population. Strategies such as maintaining a healthy lifestyle and social contacts, acceptance of anxiety and negative emotions, fostering self‐efficacy, and information on where to get medical treatment if needed, seem of help, while substance abuse and suppression of anxiety and negative emotions seem to be associated with more psychological burden.


id: cord-262428-erlmyzwn
author: CABARKAPA, Sonja
date: 2020-09-17
txt: ./txt/cord-262428-erlmyzwn.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-262428-erlmyzwn.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666354620301095?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100144
summary:
  The search strategy included terms for HCWs (e.g., nurse and doctor), mental health (e.g., wellbeing and psychological), and viral outbreaks (e.g., epidemic and pandemic). In terms of mental health impact of epidemics, HCWs represent a particularly vulnerable group due to the high risk of infection, increased work stress and fear of spreading to their families. The following search terms were used: ''health worker'', ''health care worker'', ''medical'', ''doctor'', ''nursing'', ''nurse'', ''allied health'', ''pandemic'', ''outbreak'', ''mental health'', ''mental illness'', ''psychiatric'', ''psychological'', ''coping'', ''psychosocial'', ''COVID-19'', ''coronavirus'', ''SARS'', ''MERS'' and ''Ebola''. 36, 51 At the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, a Wuhan study 28 found that 34.4% (342 of 994) of medical and nursing staff had mild mental health disturbances while 6.2% (62) had severe disturbances, while in another study 24 of 1,521 Chinese HCWs 14.1% had psychological abnormalities. Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study.

title:
  The psychological impact of COVID-19 and other viral epidemics on frontline healthcare workers and ways to address it: A rapid systematic review

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: As the world is battling the COVID-19 pandemic, frontline health care workers (HCWs) are among the most vulnerable groups at risk of mental health problems. The many risks to the wellbeing of HCWs are not well understood. Of the literature, there is a paucity of information around how to best prevent psychological distress, and what steps are needed to mitigate harm to HCWs’ wellbeing. METHODS: A systematic review using PRISMA methodology was used to investigate the psychological impact on HCWs facing epidemics or pandemics, using three electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE and CINAHL), dating back to 2002 until the 21st of August 2020. The search strategy included terms for HCWs (e.g., nurse and doctor), mental health (e.g., wellbeing and psychological), and viral outbreaks (e.g., epidemic and pandemic). Only studies with greater than 100 frontline HCWs (i.e. doctors or nurses in close proximity to infected patients) were included. RESULTS: A total of 55 studies were included, with 53 using quantitative methodology and 2 were qualitative. 50 of the quantitative studies used validated measurement tools while 5 used novel questionnaires. The studies were conducted across various countries and included people with SARS (13 studies), Ebola (1), MERS (3) and COVID-19 (38). Findings suggest that the psychological implications to HCWs are variable with several studies demonstrating an increased risk of acquiring a trauma or stress-related disorders, depression and anxiety. Fear of the unknown or becoming infected were at the forefront of the mental challenges faced. Being a nurse and being female appeared to confer greater risk. In past epidemics, the perceived stigma from family members and society heightened negative implications; predominantly stress and isolation. Coping strategies varied amongst the contrasting sociocultural settings and appeared to differ amongst doctors, nurses and other HCWs. Implemented changes, and suggestions for prevention in the future consistently highlighted the need for greater psychosocial support and clearer dissemination of disease-related information. CONCLUSION: This review can inform current and future research priorities in the maintenance of wellbeing amongst frontline HCWs. Change needs to start at the level of policy-makers to offer an enhanced variety of supports to HCWs who play a critical role during largescale disease outbreaks. Psychological implications are largely negative and require greater attention to be mitigated, potentially through the involvement of psychologists, raised awareness and better education. The current knowledge of therapeutic interventions suggests they could be beneficial but more long-term follow-up is needed.


id: cord-264986-glm2qcuz
author: Tam, Cheuk Chi
date: 2020-10-21
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-020-03068-w
doi: 10.1007/s10461-020-03068-w
title:
  Psychological Distress Among HIV Healthcare Providers During the COVID-19 Pandemic in China: Mediating Roles of Institutional Support and Resilience

abstract:
  Psychological distress among healthcare providers is concerning during COVID-19 pandemic due to extreme stress at healthcare facilities, including HIV clinics in China. The socioecological model suggests that psychological distress could be influenced by multi-level factors. However, limited COVID-19 research examined the mechanisms of psychological distress among HIV healthcare providers. This study examined organizational and intrapersonal factors contributing to psychological health during COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected via online anonymous surveys from 1029 HIV healthcare providers in Guangxi, China during April–May 2020. Path analysis was utilized to test a mediation model among COVID-19 stressors, institutional support, resilience, and psychological distress (PHQ-4). Thirty-eight percent of the providers experienced psychological distress (PHQ-4 score > 3). Institutional support and resilience mediated the relationship between COVID-19 stressors and psychological distress. Psychological distress was common among Chinese HIV healthcare providers during COVID-19 pandemic. Psychological health intervention should attend to institutional support and resilience.


id: cord-266248-4dne908n
title: The psychological impact of coronavirus outbreak in Pakistan
author: Um Min Allah, Nasar
date: 2020-08-06
txt: ./txt/cord-266248-4dne908n.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-266248-4dne908n.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32767510/
doi: 10.1111/appy.12409
abstract: nan
summary:
  The intensity causes more mental health issues which not only impair the decision-making capacity of medical workers but may also have a negative impact on their overall wellbeing in the long term. Recent studies have shown that the psychological effects of quarantine may be huge, leading to a variety of mental health issues ranging from anxiety and frustration to sleep disruptions, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (Brooks et al., 2020; Kang et al., 2020 ), yet the repercussions for the emotional well-being of people cannot be ignored. If this extended lockdown or quarantine experience is negative, there could be long-term effects that impact not just the quarantined individuals, but also the health care system, policymakers and the public. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: Rapid review of the evidence SARS control and psychological effects of quarantine The mental health of medical workers in Wuhan


id: cord-267691-whn49c79
title: ‘Policing’ a pandemic: Garda wellbeing and COVID-19
author: Rooney, L.
date: 2020-05-28
txt: ./txt/cord-267691-whn49c79.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-267691-whn49c79.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2020.70
doi: 10.1017/ipm.2020.70
summary:
  Furthermore, research not only indicates that heighted levels of psychological distress are an occupational hazard associated with the law enforcement profession, but that members of the Garda Síochána feel their mental health needs are largely unmet by their organisation. Given the pandemic''s propensity to expose officers to indeterminate echelons of physical and psychological threat; there has never been a more appropriate time to explore the potential burdens associated with ''policing'' a pandemic, question the governments capacity to address the psychological support needs of frontline professionals, and plan future research for best practice. Given the minimal amount of media gratitude expressed to the Garda Síochána for their role in COVID-19, this research not only infers that officers are excluded access to certain sociocultural factors that mitigate environmental stressors but highlights an additional level of vulnerability that should be considered when developing support services for the Gardaí.

abstract:
  In response to the global pandemic COVID-19, the Irish government has called upon the Garda Síochána to implement an unparalleled mode of policing to mitigate and contain the spread of the Coronavirus. Studies investigating smaller scale epidemics, such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), indicate that staff at the frontlines of an outbreak are exposed to an insuperable amount of stress and experience increased psychological morbidities as a result. Furthermore, research not only indicates that heighted levels of psychological distress are an occupational hazard associated with the law enforcement profession, but that members of the Garda Síochána feel their mental health needs are largely unmet by their organisation. Given the pandemic’s propensity to expose officers to indeterminate echelons of physical and psychological threat; there has never been a more appropriate time to explore the potential burdens associated with ‘policing’ a pandemic, question the governments capacity to address the psychological support needs of frontline professionals, and plan future research for best practice.


id: cord-269245-bp4q4plt
author: Zhang, Yuan
date: 2020-09-18
txt: ./txt/cord-269245-bp4q4plt.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-269245-bp4q4plt.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0022399920308151
doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110253
summary:
  title: Status and influential factors of anxiety depression and insomnia symptoms in the work resumption period of COVID-19 epidemic: A multicenter cross-sectional study Objective: In this study, the authors analyzed the status of anxiety depression and insomnia symptoms and influential factors in the work resumption period of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were used to assess the anxiety, depression, and insomnia symptoms. An online survey [17] and another study on Chinese web users [18] suggested that one-third of people had anxiety symptoms during the outbreak of COVID-19 and the negative emotion increased. suggested participants aged 35-49 years had more severe anxiety, depression, and insomnia symptoms during the outbreak of COVID-19 [20] . The outbreak of COVID-19 limited face-to-face counseling and individualized psychological interventions, which was a serious challenge to the mental health service.

title:
  Status and influential factors of anxiety depression and insomnia symptoms in the work resumption period of COVID-19 epidemic: A multicenter cross-sectional study

abstract:
  Objective: In this study, the authors analyzed the status of anxiety depression and insomnia symptoms and influential factors in the work resumption period of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional survey was conducted from March 2, 2020 to March 8, 2020 in Shandong Province, China, using quota sampling combined with snowball sampling. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were used to assess the anxiety, depression, and insomnia symptoms. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influential factors. Results: A total of 4000 invitations were sent from three centers, 3237 valid questionnaires were received. Based on GAD-7, PHQ-9, and ISI scales, 19.5%–21.7% of the participants had anxiety, depression, or insomnia symptoms; 2.9%–5.6% had severe symptoms. Besides, 2.4%, 4.8%, and 4.5% of the participants had anxiety-depression, anxiety-insomnia, or depression-insomnia combined symptoms. The scores of anxiety and insomnia symptoms, along with scores of depression and insomnia symptoms were positively correlated in these samples. Aged 50–64 years and outside activities once in ≥30 days were risk factors of anxiety, depression, and insomnia symptoms in common. During the epidemic, 17.4% of the participants had received psychological interventions, and only 5.2% had received individual interventions. Conclusions: The incidence of psychological distress increased during the outbreak of COVID-19 in the work resumption period than the normal period. Current psychological interventions were insufficient; target psychological interventions should be conducted in time.


id: cord-269476-lrk4ty99
author: Mohammed, Abdulaziz
date: 2015-08-27
txt: ./txt/cord-269476-lrk4ty99.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-269476-lrk4ty99.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2167-6
doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-2167-6
summary:
  title: An evaluation of psychological distress and social support of survivors and contacts of Ebola virus disease infection and their relatives in Lagos, Nigeria: a cross sectional study − 2014 METHODS: In a descriptive cross sectional study, we used General Health Questionnaire to assess psychological distress and Oslo Social Support Scale to assess social support among 117 participants who survived EVD, listed as EVD contacts or their relatives at Ebola Emergency Operation Center in Lagos, Nigeria. No previous study that employed the use of standardized instruments like GHQ or OSS to measure psychological distress or social support among survivors and contacts of EVD or their relatives was found after a literature review. We concluded that survivors and contacts of EVD or their relatives develop psychological distress that could be predicted by loss of a relation and recommended that mental health specialists and social workers be part of the case management team of the response to EVD outbreak.

title:
  An evaluation of psychological distress and social support of survivors and contacts of Ebola virus disease infection and their relatives in Lagos, Nigeria: a cross sectional study − 2014

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: By September 2014, an outbreak of Ebola Viral Disease (EVD) in West African countries of Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Senegal and Nigeria, had recorded over 4500 and 2200 probable or confirmed cases and deaths respectively. EVD, an emerging infectious disease, can create fear and panic among patients, contacts and relatives, which could be a risk factor for psychological distress. Psychological distress among this subgroup could have public health implication for control of EVD, because of potential effects on patient management and contact tracing. We determined the Prevalence, pattern and factors associated with psychological distress among survivors and contacts of EVD and their relatives. METHODS: In a descriptive cross sectional study, we used General Health Questionnaire to assess psychological distress and Oslo Social Support Scale to assess social support among 117 participants who survived EVD, listed as EVD contacts or their relatives at Ebola Emergency Operation Center in Lagos, Nigeria. Factors associated with psychological distress were determined using chi square/odds ratio and adjusted odds ratio. RESULTS: The mean age and standard deviation of participants was 34 +/ - 9.6 years. Of 117 participants, 78 (66.7 %) were females, 77 (65.8 %) had a tertiary education and 45 (38.5 %) were health workers. Most frequently occurring psychological distress were inability to concentrate (37.6 %) and loss of sleep over worry (33.3 %). Losing a relation to EVD outbreak (OR = 6.0, 95 % CI, 1.2–32.9) was significantly associated with feeling unhappy or depressed while being a health worker was protective (OR = 0.4, 95 % CI, 0.2–0.9). Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) showed losing a relation (AOR = 5.7, 95 % CI, 1.2–28.0) was a predictor of “feeling unhappy or depressed”, loss of a relation (AOR = 10.1, 95 % CI, 1.7–60.7) was a predictor of inability to concentrate. CONCLUSIONS: Survivors and contacts of EVD and their relations develop psychological distress. Development of psychological distress could be predicted by loss of family member. It is recommended that psychiatrists and other mental health specialists be part of case management teams. The clinical teams managing EVD patients should be trained on recognition of common psychological distress among patients. A mental health specialist should review contacts being monitored for EVD for psychological distress or disorders.


id: cord-271362-qn5i6cdj
author: Zheng, Lei
date: 2020-09-21
txt: ./txt/cord-271362-qn5i6cdj.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-271362-qn5i6cdj.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32955170/
doi: 10.1111/aphw.12232
summary:
  According to the literature, high perceived control increases the psychological distance from a negative target (Han et al., 2018) , which may in turn help individuals in coping with the COVID-19 pandemic and further lead to high levels of perceived general health and life satisfaction. Next, the results of the mediation model showed that regional pandemic severity had a negative effect on the psychological distance from COVID-19 (B = À0.54, SE = 0.12, p < .001), which subsequently led to low levels of perceived general health (B = 0.06, SE = 0.01, p < .001) and life satisfaction (B = 0.15, SE = 0.02, p < .001). In particular, the regional pandemic severity adversely affects psychological distance when people have low perceived control, which in turn can lead to low levels of both life satisfaction and perceived general health.

title:
  Perceived Control Buffers the Effects of the COVID‐19 Pandemic on General Health and Life Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Psychological Distance

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Ways to maintain good health during a pandemic are very important for the general population; however, little is known about the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) on individuals’ life satisfaction and perceived general health. This study aimed to examine the effects of COVID‐19 on life satisfaction and perceived general health and reveal the buffering effect of perceived control on coping with COVID‐19. METHODS: We collected 1,847 participants’ data from 31 pandemic‐affected provinces in China and obtained regional epidemic data of the same provinces. We employed a moderated mediation model with both individuals’ self‐report data and regional epidemic data to verify the hypotheses. RESULTS: Psychological distance mediated the relationships of regional pandemic severity with perceived general health and life satisfaction. Perceived control moderated the detrimental effects of regional pandemic severity through the moderating effects of regional pandemic severity on psychological distance, as well as the moderating effects of psychological distance on life satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that perceived control may act as a protective factor buffering the psychological impact of the pandemic on general health and life satisfaction. Psychological distance can serve as a mediator that explains how the COVID‐19 pandemic impacts perceived general health and life satisfaction.


id: cord-273998-e7m5g242
author: Que, Jianyu
date: 2020-06-14
txt: ./txt/cord-273998-e7m5g242.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-273998-e7m5g242.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2020-100259
doi: 10.1136/gpsych-2020-100259
summary:
  Aims This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of psychological problems in different healthcare workers (ie, physicians, medical residents, nurses, technicians and public health professionals) during the COVID-19 pandemic in China and explore factors that are associated with the onset of psychological problems in this population during this public health crisis. Aims This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of psychological problems in different healthcare workers (ie, physicians, medical residents, nurses, technicians and public health professionals) during the COVID-19 pandemic in China and explore factors that are associated with the onset of psychological problems in this population during this public health crisis. results The prevalence of symptoms of anxiety, depression, insomnia and the overall psychological problems in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in China was 46.04%, 44.37%, 28.75% and 56.59%, respectively. results The prevalence of symptoms of anxiety, depression, insomnia and the overall psychological problems in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in China was 46.04%, 44.37%, 28.75% and 56.59%, respectively.

title:
  Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study in China

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Healthcare workers fighting against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic are under tremendous pressure, which puts them at an increased risk of developing psychological problems. AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of psychological problems in different healthcare workers (ie, physicians, medical residents, nurses, technicians and public health professionals) during the COVID-19 pandemic in China and explore factors that are associated with the onset of psychological problems in this population during this public health crisis. METHODS: A cross-sectional, web-based survey was conducted in February 2020 among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychological problems were assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire and Insomnia Severity Index. Logistic regression analyses were used to explore the factors that were associated with psychological problems. RESULTS: The prevalence of symptoms of anxiety, depression, insomnia and the overall psychological problems in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in China was 46.04%, 44.37%, 28.75% and 56.59%, respectively. The prevalence of the overall psychological problems in physicians, medical residents, nurses, technicians and public health professionals was 60.35%, 50.82%, 62.02%, 57.54% and 62.40%, respectively. Compared with healthcare workers who did not participate in front-line work, front-line healthcare workers had a higher risk of anxiety, insomnia and overall psychological problems. In addition, attention to negative or neutral information about the pandemic, receiving negative feedback from families and friends who joined front-line work, and unwillingness to join front-line work if given a free choice were three major factors for these psychological problems. CONCLUSIONS: Psychological problems are pervasive among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Receiving negative information and participating in front-line work appear to be important risk factors for psychological problems. The psychological health of different healthcare workers should be protected during the COVID-19 pandemic with timely interventions and proper information feedback.


id: cord-274677-7kcoodyv
author: Dobson, Hanna
date: 2020-10-12
txt: ./txt/cord-274677-7kcoodyv.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-274677-7kcoodyv.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33043677/
doi: 10.1177/1039856220965045
summary:
  RESULTS: HCWs showed significant symptoms of moderate-severe level depression (21%), anxiety (20%) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; 29%), associated with burnout, prior psychiatric history, profession and resilience. Demographic data were reported, including occupation (senior medial staff, junior medical staff, nursing, allied health, other), gender (male, female, non-binary), age, past psychiatric history and years of experience. The primary outcome was self-reported levels of psychological distress (symptoms of depression, anxiety and PTSD) experienced during the 2 weeks prior to the survey. The nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9; range 0-27), 10 seven-item Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7; range 0-21), 11 22-item Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R; range 0-88), 12 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC10, range 0-40), 13 and Stanford Professional Fulfilment Index (PFI; burnout range 0-40) 14 were used to assess the severity of symptoms of depression, anxiety, PTSD, resilience and burnout, respectively. Rates of burnout, depression, anxiety and PTSD differed across the professions sampled; senior medical staff reported the lowest levels of psychological distress.

title:
  Burnout and psychological distress amongst Australian healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic

abstract:
  OBJECTIVE: To examine psychological distress in healthcare workers (HCWs) during the COVID-19 pandemic in April–May 2020. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey examining demographic, employment and mental health characteristics of HCWs in a large metropolitan hospital in Australia. RESULTS: HCWs showed significant symptoms of moderate-severe level depression (21%), anxiety (20%) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; 29%), associated with burnout, prior psychiatric history, profession and resilience. CONCLUSION: Despite low levels of COVID contact, moderate to high levels of psychological distress were reported. Continued monitoring and support for HCWs’ mental well-being is warranted as the COVID-19 pandemic develops.


id: cord-274774-klystgj4
author: Huang, Naizhu
date: 2020-05-06
txt: ./txt/cord-274774-klystgj4.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-274774-klystgj4.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32384724/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17093237
summary:
  title: How Incivility and Academic Stress Influence Psychological Health among College Students: The Moderating Role of Gratitude The main purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between incivility, academic stress, and psychological health, as well as investigate the moderating role of gratitude. Sample t-tests were used to examine whether there were gender differences in terms of four continuous variables: incivility, stress, gratitude, and psychological wellbeing. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to test convergent and discriminant validities of main variables (i.e., incivility, academic stress, gratitude, and psychological distress). Using a sample of 895 students recruited from a university in South China, we investigated the relationships between incivility, academic stress, gratitude, and psychological distress. Using a sample of 895 students recruited from a university in South China, we investigated the relationships between incivility, academic stress, gratitude, and psychological distress. Moreover, we compared differences between male and female students with respect to incivility, academic stress, gratitude, and psychological distress.

title:
  How Incivility and Academic Stress Influence Psychological Health among College Students: The Moderating Role of Gratitude

abstract:
  Many students suffer from academic stress and uncivil behaviors at colleges and there is a need to identify to what extent these negative phenomena might impact students’ mental health. The main purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between incivility, academic stress, and psychological health, as well as investigate the moderating role of gratitude. The study design of this research is cross-sectional. The final sample consisted of 895 university students in China; The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 was utilized to conduct statistical analysis. Sample t-tests were used to examine whether there were gender differences in terms of four continuous variables: incivility, stress, gratitude, and psychological wellbeing. We also used multiple hierarchical linear regression analysis to test the relationships between the aforementioned four variables and the moderating effect of gratitude. The results of our study indicate that academic stress and incivility are positively associated with psychological distress, and gratitude moderates the relationship between incivility and psychological distress. However, no significant moderating effect of gratitude was found in the relationship between academic stress and psychological distress.


id: cord-289378-ghmqd3yv
author: Wang, Peng-Wei
date: 2020-09-18
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32962052/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186827
title:
  Subjective Deterioration of Physical and Psychological Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Taiwan: Their Association with the Adoption of Protective Behaviors and Mental Health Problems

abstract:
  This study aimed to determine the proportion of individuals who reported the deterioration of physical and psychological health during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Taiwan. Moreover, the related factors of deterioration of physical and psychological health and the association between deterioration of health and adoption of protective behavior against COVID-19 and mental health problems were also examined. We recruited participants via a Facebook advertisement. We determined the subjective physical and psychological health states, cognitive and affective construct of health belief, perceived social support, mental health problems, adoption of protective behavior and demographic characteristics among 1954 respondents (1305 women and 649 men; mean age: 37.9 years with standard deviation 10.8 years). In total, 13.2% and 19.3% of respondents reported deteriorated physical and psychological health during the COVID-19 pandemic, respectively. Participants with higher perceived harm from COVID-19 compared with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) were more likely to report the subjective deterioration of physical and psychological health, whereas respondents who were older and perceived a higher level of social support were less likely to report a deterioration of physical and psychological health. The subjective deterioration of psychological health was significantly associated with avoiding crowded places and wearing a mask. Both subjective deteriorations of physical and psychological health positively related to general anxiety.


id: cord-291643-c8dgf7mx
author: Shahrour, Ghada
date: 2020-08-07
txt: ./txt/cord-291643-c8dgf7mx.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-291643-c8dgf7mx.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32767827/
doi: 10.1111/jonm.13124
summary:
  PURPOSE: Healthcare professionals, particularly nurses, are considered a vulnerable group to experience acute stress disorder (ASD) and subsequent psychological distress amid COVID‐19 pandemic. Recent studies on the psychological impact and trauma-related responses of COVID-19 among healthcare workers are scarce and focused on symptoms of PTSD rather than ASD. In another study investigating mental health status among medical staff of which 69.9% were nurses, 27.39% of the study sample reported COVID-19 related symptoms of PTSD (Xing, Sun, Xu, Geng, & Li, 2020) .The importance of ASD diagnosis is based on its capacity to predict individuals who will develop PTSD. A quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive and comparative design was used in this study to (a) explore the prevalence of ASD and (b) investigate the predictors of psychological distress among Jordanian nurses amid COVID-19. Almost 65% of the variability in nurses'' psychological distress was accounted for by their gender, age, income, history of mental disorders, acute stress, and coping self-efficacy.

title:
  Acute Stress Disorder, Coping Self‐Efficacy, and Subsequent Psychological Distress among Nurses Amid COVID‐19

abstract:
  PURPOSE: Healthcare professionals, particularly nurses, are considered a vulnerable group to experience acute stress disorder (ASD) and subsequent psychological distress amid COVID‐19 pandemic. This study aims to establish the prevalence of acute stress disorder and predictors of psychological distress among Jordanian nurses. METHODS: A quantitative, cross‐sectional, descriptive and comparative design was used. Data was collected using a web‐based survey. A total of 448 Jordanian nurses (73% females) completed and returned the study questionnaire. RESULTS: The majority of nurses (64%) are experiencing ASD due to the COVID‐19 pandemic and thus are at risk for PTSD predisposition. More than one third of nurses (41%) are also suffering significant psychological distress. Among our sample, age, ASD, and coping self‐efficacy significantly predicted psychological distress. More specifically, younger nurses are more prone to experience psychological distress than older ones. While higher scores on ASD showed more resultant psychological distress, coping self‐efficacy was a protective factor. CONCLUSION: Given that individuals who suffer from ASD are predisposed to PTSD, follow‐up with nurses to screen for PTSD and referral to appropriate psychological services is pivotal. Coping self‐efficacy is found to ameliorate the effect of psychological distress on nurses' traumatic experience. Such findings warrant intensive efforts from healthcare institutions to provide psychosocial support services for nurses and ongoing efforts to screen them for traumatic and psychological distress symptoms. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Nursing leaders and managers are in the forefront of responding to the unique needs of their workforces during the COVID‐19 crisis. They need to implement stress‐reduction strategies for nurses through providing consecutive rest days, rotating allocations of complex patients, arranging support services, and being accessible to staff. They also need to ensure nurses’ personal safety through securing and providing personal safety measures and undertake briefings to ensure their staff's physical and mental well‐being, as well as providing referrals to appropriate psychological services.


id: cord-300229-9qh7efs4
title: Psychological Intervention and COVID-19: What We Know So Far and What We Can Do
author: Inchausti, Felix
date: 2020-05-27
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10879-020-09460-w
doi: 10.1007/s10879-020-09460-w
abstract:
  The coronavirus COVID-19 and the global pandemic has already had a substantial disruptive impact on society, posing major challenges to the provision of mental health services in a time of crisis, and carrying the spectre of an increased burden to mental health, both in terms of existing psychiatric disorder, and emerging psychological distress from the pandemic. In this paper we provide a framework for understanding the key challenges for psychologically informed mental health care during and beyond the pandemic. We identify three groups that can benefit from psychological approaches to mental health, and/or interventions relating to COVID-19. These are (i) healthcare workers engaged in frontline response to the pandemic and their patients; (ii) individuals who will experience the emergence of new mental health distress as a function of being diagnosed with COVID-19, or losing family and loved ones to the illness, or the psychological effects of prolonged social distancing; and (iii) individuals with existing mental health conditions who are either diagnosed with COVID-19 or whose experience of social distancing exacerbates existing vulnerabilities. Drawing on existing literature and our own experience of adapting treatments to the crisis we suggest a number of salient points to consider in identifying risks and offering support to all three groups. We also offer a number of practical and technical considerations for working psychotherapeutically with existing patients where COVID-19 restrictions have forced a move to online or technologically mediated delivery of psychological interventions.


id: cord-305941-277iqp0u
title: Psychological Resilience of Healthcare Professionals During COVID-19 Pandemic
author: Bozdağ, Faruk
date: 2020-10-13
txt: ./txt/cord-305941-277iqp0u.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-305941-277iqp0u.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294120965477
doi: 10.1177/0033294120965477
summary:
  The findings of this study showed that in order to raise psychological resilience of healthcare professionals working during the COVID-19 pandemic their quality of sleep, positive emotions and life satisfaction need to be enhanced. Accordingly, among the probed individual variables are gender, age, having children or not, taking personal precautions against the risk of becoming infected with the COVID-19 virus, worry about transmitting the virus to family/relatives, quality of nutrition and sleep, positive-negative affective state and life satisfaction, while environmental 4 In model 3, age and occupation (doctor), quality of sleep, positive and negative affect, and life satisfaction significantly predicted the psychological resilience of healthcare professionals. The findings of this study revealed that in order to raise psychological resilience of healthcare professionals working during the COVID-19 pandemic their quality of sleep, positive emotions and life satisfaction need to be enhanced.

abstract:
  The COVID-19 pandemic as a public health issue has spread to the rest of the world. Although the wellbeing and emotional resilience of healthcare professionals are key components of continuing healthcare services during the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare professionals have been observed in this period to experience serious psychological problems and to be at risk in terms of mental health. Therefore, this study aims to probe psychological resilience of healthcare workers. The findings of this study showed that in order to raise psychological resilience of healthcare professionals working during the COVID-19 pandemic their quality of sleep, positive emotions and life satisfaction need to be enhanced. Psychological resilience levels of healthcare workers in their later years were found to be higher. Doctors constitute the group with the lowest levels of psychological resilience among healthcare workers. The current study is considered to have contributed to the literature in this regard. Primary needs such as sleep which are determinants of quality of life, life satisfaction and psychological resilience should be met.


id: cord-306729-oa9i4ss9
author: Luo, Li-Sha
date: 2020-06-12
url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01501
doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01501
title:
  COVID-19: Presumed Infection Routes and Psychological Impact on Staff in Administrative and Logistics Departments in a Designated Hospital in Wuhan, China

abstract:
  Objective: Our aim was to explore the presumed infection routes and psychological impact of COVID-19 on staff in administrative and logistics departments (ALDs). Methods: We gathered data from all 18 staff members with COVID-19 in ALDs in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, China. The baseline, job before diagnosis, presumed infection environment, use of protective equipment, and psychological status before and after diagnosis were collected and analyzed. A total of 18 uninfected staff members working alongside them in the same environment and 18 random matched infected doctors and nurses formed two control groups; the psychological impact of these three groups was then compared. Results: Of the 18 members of staff, 88.89% were infected due to the working environment (hospital), and nine had face-to-face conversations with doctors and nurses in their daily work. Many staff members did not take any protective measures in their routine work. Before they were diagnosed, 12 staff members were aware of the seriousness of the epidemic, and most of the staff maintained a neutral attitude to the COVID-19 outbreak. A total of 77.78% of the staff experienced psychological stress or emotional changes after diagnosis, which were mainly caused by family health and disease related issues. Most of them managed their emotions by self-control and video calls with their families. There was no significant difference in psychological impact among the three groups, but uninfected staff members were fully aware of the seriousness of the epidemic. Conclusions: Effective protective measures should be taken for staff members in ALDs. Psychological interventions are very important to help infected staff members in ALDs cope with psychological distress.


id: cord-307263-znuqdzdp
title: A Qualitative Study on the Psychological Experience of Caregivers of COVID-19 Patients
author: Sun, Niuniu
date: 2020-04-08
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196655320302017?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.03.018
abstract:
  BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading rapidly, bringing pressure and challenges to nursing staff. OBJECTIVE: To explore the psychology of nurses caring for COVID-19 patients. METHOD: Using a phenomenological approach, we enrolled 20 nurses who provided care for COVID-19 patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology from 20 January to 10 February 2020. The interviews were conducted face-to-face or by telephone and were analysed by Colaizzi's 7-step method. RESULTS: The psychological experience of nurses caring for COVID-19 patients can be summarized into four themes. Firstly, negative emotions present in early stage consisting of fatigue, discomfort, and helplessness was caused by high-intensity work, fear and anxiety, and concern for patients and family members. Secondly, self-coping styles included psychological and life adjustment, altruistic acts, team support, and rational cognition. Thirdly, we found growth under pressure, which included increased affection and gratefulness, development of professional responsibility, and self-reflection. Finally, we showed that positive emotions occurred simultaneously with negative emotions. CONCLUSIONS: During an epidemic outbreak, positive and negative emotions of the front-line nurses interweaved and coexisted. In the early stage, negative emotions were dominant and positive emotions appeared gradually. Self-coping styles and psychological growth played an important role in maintaining mental health of nurses.


id: cord-309273-gtvi37gh
author: Flesia, Luca
date: 2020-10-19
txt: ./txt/cord-309273-gtvi37gh.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-309273-gtvi37gh.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9103350
doi: 10.3390/jcm9103350
summary:
  Finally, with the goal of anticipating persons in need of treatment and improving the targeting and overall effectiveness of preventive programs, we aimed at developing machine learning models to predict individual psychological responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, based on sociodemographic and psychological variables with maximal sensitivity in classifying subjects with high versus low levels of perceived stress. To better understand the role of stable psychological traits in predicting the level of perceived stress (PSS-10 score), a second multiple linear regression was run, adding to the previous model the scores of the five coping styles measured by the COPE-NVI-25 (COPE positive, COPE problem, COPE avoidance, COPE religion and COPE support), the BSCS total score, the internal LOC score, and the scores for the five personality traits measured by the BFI-10 (BFI-10 agreeableness, BFI-10 conscientiousness, BFI-10 emotional stability, BFI-10 extraversion and BFI-10 openness).

title:
  Predicting Perceived Stress Related to the Covid-19 Outbreak through Stable Psychological Traits and Machine Learning Models

abstract:
  The global SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and subsequent lockdown had a significant impact on people’s daily lives, with strong implications for stress levels due to the threat of contagion and restrictions to freedom. Given the link between high stress levels and adverse physical and mental consequences, the COVID-19 pandemic is certainly a global public health issue. In the present study, we assessed the effect of the pandemic on stress levels in N = 2053 Italian adults, and characterized more vulnerable individuals on the basis of sociodemographic features and stable psychological traits. A set of 18 psycho-social variables, generalized regressions, and predictive machine learning approaches were leveraged. We identified higher levels of perceived stress in the study sample relative to Italian normative values. Higher levels of distress were found in women, participants with lower income, and participants living with others. Higher rates of emotional stability and self-control, as well as a positive coping style and internal locus of control, emerged as protective factors. Predictive learning models identified participants with high perceived stress, with a sensitivity greater than 76%. The results suggest a characterization of people who are more vulnerable to experiencing high levels of stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. This characterization may contribute to early and targeted intervention strategies.


id: cord-313716-pw0odm88
author: Moccia, Lorenzo
date: 2020-04-20
txt: ./txt/cord-313716-pw0odm88.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-313716-pw0odm88.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.048
doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.048
summary:
  title: Affective temperament, attachment style, and the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak: an early report on the Italian general population This study aims to investigate the psychological distress perceived by the Italian general population during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, and to analyze affective temperament and adult attachment styles as potential mediators. Cyclothymic (OR: 1.17; p=0.008) and depressive (OR: 1.32; p=0.003) temperaments resulted as risk factors in subjects with moderate-to-severe psychological distress compared to mild distress, while the ASQ "Confidence" (OR: 0.92; p=0.039) and "Discomfort with closeness" (OR: 0.94; p=0.023) were protective. To the best of our knowledge, our survey results are the first showing that a relevant percentage of the Italian population might have experienced from mild to moderate-to-severe psychological distress symptoms during the early phase of the COVID-19 outbreak, and that both temperament and AAS features may predict the extent of mental health burden.

title:
  Affective temperament, attachment style, and the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak: an early report on the Italian general population

abstract:
  The outbreak of COVID-19 is severely affecting mental health worldwide, although individual response may vary. This study aims to investigate the psychological distress perceived by the Italian general population during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, and to analyze affective temperament and adult attachment styles as potential mediators. Through an online survey, we collected sociodemographic and lockdown-related information and evaluated distress, temperament, and attachment using the Kessler 10 Psychological Distress Scale (K10), the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego-Autoquestionnaire short version (TEMPS-A) and the Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ). In our sample (n=500), 62% of the individuals reported no likelihood of psychological distress, whereas 19.4% and 18.6% displayed mild and moderate-to-severe likelihood. Cyclothymic (OR: 1.24; p<0.001), depressive (OR: 1.52; p<0.001) and anxious (OR: 1.58; p=0.002) temperaments, and the ASQ “Need for approval” (OR: 1.08; p=0.01) were risk factors for moderate-to-severe psychological distress compared to no distress, while the ASQ “Confidence” (OR: 0.89; p=0.002) and “Discomfort with closeness” were protective (OR: 0.92; p=0.001). Cyclothymic (OR: 1.17; p=0.008) and depressive (OR: 1.32; p=0.003) temperaments resulted as risk factors in subjects with moderate-to-severe psychological distress compared to mild distress, while the ASQ “Confidence” (OR: 0.92; p=0.039) and “Discomfort with closeness” (OR: 0.94; p=0.023) were protective. Our data indicated that a relevant rate of individuals may have experienced psychological distress following the COVID-19 outbreak. Specific affective temperament and attachment features predict the extent of mental health burden. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first data available on the psychological impact of the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic on a sizeable sample of the Italian population. Moreover, our study is the first to investigate temperament and attachment characteristics in the psychological response to the ongoing pandemic. Our results provide further insight into developing targeted intervention strategies.


id: cord-314719-qi8gilkr
author: Dawson, David L.
date: 2020-07-30
txt: ./txt/cord-314719-qi8gilkr.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-314719-qi8gilkr.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212144720301654?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.07.010
summary:
  In planned regression models, psychological flexibility demonstrated incremental predictive validity for all distress and wellbeing outcomes (over and above both demographic characteristics and COVID-19-specific coping responses). Studies that have tracked the long-term sequelae of previous coronavirus pandemics (such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome [SARS] in 2002) suggest that psychological difficulties -including PTSD, depression, anxiety, stress, and impaired quality of life -can sustain for months and even years post-outbreak, particularly for those who contract the virus or who are directly exposed to it through their occupational roles (e.g., Bonanno et al., 2008; Chan & Huak, 2004; Hui et al., 2005; Kwek et al., 2006; A. In these five models, psychological flexibility explained an additional 5-18% of outcome variance -over and above demographic characteristics and COVID-19-specific coping responses (as measured by the Brief COPE). Whilst associations generally (inversely) paralleled those observed for avoidant coping, psychological flexibility accounted for unique variance in both distress and wellbeing -including COVID-19-specific distress (IES-6) and worry.

title:
  COVID-19: Psychological Flexibility, Coping, Mental Health, and Wellbeing in the UK during the pandemic

abstract:
  The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly altered the daily lives of many people across the globe, both through the direct interpersonal cost of the disease, and the governmental restrictions imposed to mitigate its spread and impact. The UK has been particularly affected and has one of the highest mortality rates in Europe. In this paper, we examine the impact of COVID-19 on psychological health and well-being in the UK during a period of ‘lockdown’ (15(th)–21(st) May 2020) and the specific role of Psychological Flexibility as a potential mitigating process. We observed clinically high levels of distress in our sample (N=555). However, psychological flexibility was significantly and positively associated with greater wellbeing, and inversely related to anxiety, depression, and COVID-19-related distress. Avoidant coping behaviour was positively associated with all indices of distress and negatively associated with wellbeing, while engagement in approach coping only demonstrated weaker associations with outcomes of interest. No relationship between adherence to government guidelines and psychological flexibility was found. In planned regression models, psychological flexibility demonstrated incremental predictive validity for all distress and wellbeing outcomes (over and above both demographic characteristics and COVID-19-specific coping responses). Furthermore, psychological flexibility and COVID-19 outcomes were only part-mediated by coping responses to COVID-19, supporting the position that psychological flexibility can be understood as an overarching response style that is distinct from established conceptualisations of coping. We conclude that psychological flexibility represents a promising candidate process for understanding and predicting how an individual may be affected by, and cope with, both the acute and longer-term challenges of the pandemic.


id: cord-315629-ktck9y12
author: Lian, Shuai-Lei
date: 2020-10-07
txt: ./txt/cord-315629-ktck9y12.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-315629-ktck9y12.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165032720328494?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.005
summary:
  Given that rumination has been considered as an effective role linking risk factors to individuals'' psychological problems (Feinstein, Bhatia, & Davila, 2014; Liu et al., 2017; Michl, McLaughlin, Shepherd, & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2013) , this study will analyze rumination as a mediator to clarify the mechanisms of mobile phone addiction resulting in psychological distress. Whereas, individuals with low capacity to be alone may be trapped in the adverse consequences of mobile phone addiction and experience more depression, anxiety, and stress since they could not use the time being alone to adjust their negative emotional state. Given that rumination plays a bridge role in the relation between problematic mobile devices use and individuals'' psychological adaptation (Feinstein et al., 2013; Liu et al., 2017) , the current study would attempt to examine the mediating effect of rumination on the association between mobile phone addiction and adolescents'' psychological distress.

title:
  Mobile phone addiction and psychological distress among Chinese adolescents: The mediating role of rumination and moderating role of the capacity to be alone

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: With the increasing incidence of mobile phone addiction, mobile phone addiction has been considered to be related to adolescents’ psychological distress. However, the underlying mechanisms of this relation were still unclear. The present study tested the mediating role of rumination and the moderating role of the capacity to be alone in the relation between mobile phone addiction and psychological distress. METHODS: 754 middle school students were recruited to complete measures of mobile phone addiction, rumination, the capacity to be alone, psychological distress and demographic variables. RESULTS: Mobile phone addiction was significantly and positively associated with psychological distress, and this link could be mediated by rumination. Moreover, the direct effect of mobile phone addiction on psychological distress and the indirect effect of rumination in this link were moderated by the capacity to be alone. Both these two effects were stronger for adolescents with lower capacity to be alone. LIMITATIONS: The present study is limited in terms of its sample selection, cross-sectional design, and self-reported instruments. CONCLUSIONS: The present study advances our understanding of how and when or for whom mobile phone addiction is related to serious psychological distress. Education professionals and parents should pay special attention to the psychological distress of adolescents suffering from mobile phone addiction, particularly for those with lower capacity to be alone.


id: cord-317857-of1w23xr
author: Dan, Zhaokui
date: 2020-04-10
txt: ./txt/cord-317857-of1w23xr.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-317857-of1w23xr.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32305032/
doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102093
abstract: nan
summary:
  title: China adopts non-contact free consultation to help the public cope with the psychological pressure caused by new coronavirus pneumonia China adopts non-contact free consultation to help the public cope with the psychological pressure caused by new coronavirus pneumonia. In order to better cope with the mass psychological injury and social impact caused by the epidemic, on March 18, 2020, the National Health Commission of China announced the psychological counseling for novel coronavirus pneumonia. As psychiatrists can play pivotal role in supporting the well-being of those affected and their families, the at-risk healthcare staff as well as the public (Banerjee, 2020) , the local government have organized psychological consultation team and mental health team to provide free psychological consultation service to relieve J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f the psychological pressure of the masses.

title:
  China adopts non-contact free consultation to help the public cope with the psychological pressure caused by new coronavirus pneumonia


id: cord-320228-vbzceozs
title: Post-disaster evacuation and temporary resettlement considering panic and panic spread
author: Hu, Zhi-Hua
date: 2014-11-30
txt: ./txt/cord-320228-vbzceozs.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-320228-vbzceozs.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191261514001398
doi: 10.1016/j.trb.2014.08.004
summary:
  A novel mixed-integer linear program is constructed for multi-step evacuation and temporary resettlement under minimization of panic-induced psychological penalty cost, psychological intervention cost, and costs associated with transportation and building shelters. Third, psychological penalty cost perceived by victims due to wait for evacuation, psychological intervention cost, cost of transporting victims from disaster sites to resettlement sites, and cost of building resettlement shelters are minimized in this formulation. Next, the time-varying strength of panic, and the time-varying costs and limits of shelters and mental health workers are modeled to study the effects of wait times on evacuation and resettlement solutions. Due to urgent demands for mental health workers and temporary shelters, and the marginally increasing degree of panic perceived by victims while waiting for evacuation and resettlement, three parameters (C P t ; C INC t and a t ) are defined as functions of wait times. This study addressed the post-disaster evacuation and temporary resettlement problem for victims affected by psychological penalty induced by panic and panic spread.

abstract:
  Abstract After a disaster, a huge number of homeless victims should be evacuated to temporary resettlement sites. However, because the number of temporary shelters is insufficient, as are shelter building capabilities, victims must be evacuated and resettled in batches. The perceived psychological penalty to victims may increase due to heightened panic when waiting for evacuation and resettlement, whereas psychological interventions can decrease the magnitude of this panic. Based on the susceptible–infective-removal model, panic spread among homeless victims and other disaster-affected people is modeled, while considering the effects of psychological interventions on panic spread. A function is derived to compute the increase in the number of victims to be evacuated due to panic spread. A novel mixed-integer linear program is constructed for multi-step evacuation and temporary resettlement under minimization of panic-induced psychological penalty cost, psychological intervention cost, and costs associated with transportation and building shelters. The model is solved by aggregating objectives into a single objective by assigning weights to these objectives. With Wenchuan County as the test case, the epicenter of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake, the influence and the sensitivity of parameters, tradeoff among costs, and the effects of various functions of panic strength on psychological penalty and monetary costs are assessed using six experimental scenarios. Analytical results reveal the complexity and managerial insights gained by applying the proposed method to post-disaster evacuation and temporary resettlement.


id: cord-322835-09t833wc
author: O’Donovan, Róisín
date: 2020-08-31
txt: ./txt/cord-322835-09t833wc.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-322835-09t833wc.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-020-05646-z
doi: 10.1186/s12913-020-05646-z
summary:
  title: Exploring psychological safety in healthcare teams to inform the development of interventions: combining observational, survey and interview data METHODS: Survey, observational and interview data are triangulated in order to develop an indepth understanding of psychological safety within four healthcare teams, working within one case study hospital. In the current study we use survey, observational and interview data to develop an in-depth understanding of psychological safety within healthcare teams. This interview data was collected in order to gain an in-depth understanding of individuals'' experience of psychological safety and explore whether there were any emerging differences compared to the team level observations or survey responses. These observations indicated that both team members and team leaders engaged in voice, learning, supportive and familiarity behaviours. This study combined survey, observation and interview data to gain an in-depth understanding of psychological safety within four healthcare teams.

title:
  Exploring psychological safety in healthcare teams to inform the development of interventions: combining observational, survey and interview data

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Psychological safety allows healthcare professionals to take the interpersonal risks needed to engage in effective teamwork and to maintain patient safety. In order to improve psychological safety in healthcare teams, an in-depth understanding of the complex and nuanced nature of psychological safety is needed. Psychological safety concepts, including voice, silence, learning behaviour, support and familiarity, informed the current study’s investigation of psychological safety. This study aims to use a mixed-methods approach to develop an in-depth understanding of psychological safety within healthcare teams and to build on this understanding to inform the development of future interventions to improve it. METHODS: Survey, observational and interview data are triangulated in order to develop an in- depth understanding of psychological safety within four healthcare teams, working within one case study hospital. The teams taking part included one multidisciplinary and three unidisciplinary teams. Observational and survey data were collected during and immediately following team meetings. Individual interviews were conducted with 31 individuals across the four teams. Thematic analysis was used to analyse these interviews. RESULTS: Survey results indicated a high level of psychological safety. However, observations and interviews captured examples of silence and situations where participants felt less psychologically safe. Findings from across all three data sources are discussed in relation to voice and silence, learning, familiarity and support. CONCLUSION: The results of this study provide a detailed description and in-depth understanding of psychological safety within four healthcare teams. Based on this, recommendations are made for future research and the development of interventions to improve psychological safety.


id: cord-324092-ertcvh8x
title: The Psychological Impact of Confinement Linked to the Coronavirus Epidemic COVID-19 in Algeria
author: Madani, Azzeddine
date: 2020-05-21
txt: ./txt/cord-324092-ertcvh8x.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-324092-ertcvh8x.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103604
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17103604
summary:
  Our study aims to study the psychological impact of total and partial containment applied in Algeria, on 23 March 2020, following the spread of the virus COVID-19 and also studied the habits and behaviors of the Algerian population during this new way of life and this through a cross-sectional survey launched after three days from the start of confinement to quickly assess the impacts over the period from 23 March to 12 April 2020, by an online questionnaire which allowed us to obtain 678 responses from Internet users, who live in confinement in Algeria. The results obtained show the impacts of confinement during the first total and partial confinement operations of the coronavirus epidemic COVID-19 in Algeria on certain habits of the daily life of citizens, where we note a high rate of hand washing during the day, since 51.77% of the study sample reported washing their hands up to 10 times a day, and 36.73% of the population washed their hands between 10 and 20 times a day.

abstract:
  The COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread in countries around the world. The impact of this virus is very great on populations following the application of total and partial containment measures. Our study aims to study the psychological impact of total and partial containment applied in Algeria, on 23 March 2020, following the spread of the virus COVID-19 and also studied the habits and behaviors of the Algerian population during this new way of life and this through a cross-sectional survey launched after three days from the start of confinement to quickly assess the impacts over the period from 23 March to 12 April 2020, by an online questionnaire which allowed us to obtain 678 responses from Internet users, who live in confinement in Algeria. According to the gender variable, our sample includes 405 men, or 59.7%, and 273 women, representing 40.3%. The results of the statistical analysis carried out using SPSS version 22.0 software showed that 50.3% of the respondents were in an anxious situation during these first three weeks of confinement. In addition, 48.2% feels stressed, 46.6% of the respondents confirmed to be feeling in a bad mood, and 47.4% do not stop thinking throughout the day about this epidemic and how to protect themselves. In addition, the study shows that 87.9% of the respondents in Algeria found it difficult to follow the confinement instructions. A significant change in the habits of the population was noted especially for the time of going to bed, the time of waking up, and the use of the Internet as well as the hours devoted to daily reading.


id: cord-329476-gotctl5d
author: Arnout, Boshra A.
date: 2020-06-14
url: https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.12328
doi: 10.1002/capr.12328
title:
  Predicting psychological service providers' empowerment in the light of the COVID‐19 pandemic outbreak: A structural equation modelling analysis

abstract:
  This study aimed to investigate the predictors of psychological service providers' empowerment in the light of the COVID‐19 pandemic outbreak. The researcher prepared a psychological service providers' empowerment scale that consisted of 28 items, and this scale was applied in a random sample consisting of 975 psychological service providers. The results showed that the empowerment scale has acceptable validity and reliability. The results of the exploratory factor analysis indicated that the 28 scale items saturate on seven factors, which accounted for 64.42% of the total variance of the scale: the first factor named expect psychological services effectiveness accounted for 27.86%, the second factor named self‐stimulation accounted for 9.71%, the third factor named responsibilities and duties accounted for 7.12%, the fourth factor named psychological services work environment accounted for 6.51%, the fifth factor named psychological service providers’ decision‐making accounted for 5.37%, the sixth factor named creative psychological service provider behaviour accounted for 4.45%, and the seventh factor named psychological services confidence accounted for 3.82% of the total variance of a psychological service providers' empowerment. In order to study the ability to predict the empowerment among psychological service providers, the researcher developed a structural model for psychological service providers' empowerment and then used the structural equation model analysis. The results showed that the proposed structural model of a psychological service providers' empowerment has goodness‐of‐fit, and these results emphasised the ability to predict psychological service providers' empowerment by seven tested factors.


id: cord-330831-3b7vfv9b
author: Hao, Fengyi
date: 2020-10-19
txt: ./txt/cord-330831-3b7vfv9b.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-330831-3b7vfv9b.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33077738/
doi: 10.1038/s41398-020-01039-2
summary:
  COVID-19 patients reported a higher psychological impact of the outbreak than psychiatric patients and healthy controls, with half of them having clinically significant symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. Three themes emerged from the interviews with COVID-19 patients: (i) The emotions experienced by patients after COVID-19 infection (i.e., shock, fear, despair, hope, and boredom); (ii) the external factors that affected patients'' mood (i.e., discrimination, medical expenses, care by healthcare workers); and (iii) coping and self-help behavior (i.e., distraction, problem-solving and online support). However, there is currently limited research on the neuropsychiatric sequalae and psychological impact of COVID-19 patients, with one study so far reporting that most clinically stable patients suffered from significant posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms 9 . The present study performed a quantitative evaluation of the neuropsychiatric sequelae of patients with acute COVID-19 infection who received treatment in the hospital isolation wards, and compared these patients with psychiatric patients and healthy controls during the COVID-19 pandemic.

title:
  A quantitative and qualitative study on the neuropsychiatric sequelae of acutely ill COVID-19 inpatients in isolation facilities

abstract:
  This study examined the neuropsychiatric sequelae of acutely ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection who received treatment in hospital isolation wards during the COVID-19 pandemic. Ten COVID-19 patients who received treatment in various hospitals in Chongqing, China; 10 age- and gender-matched psychiatric patients; and 10 healthy control participants residing in the same city were recruited. All participants completed a survey that collected information on demographic data, physical symptoms in the past 14 days and psychological parameters. Face-to-face interviews with COVID-19 patients were also performed using semi-structured questions. Among the COVID-19 patients, 40% had abnormal findings on the chest computed topography scan, 20% had dysosmia, 10% had dysgeusia, and 80% had repeated positivity on COVID-19 reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction testing. COVID-19 and psychiatric patients were significantly more worried about their health than healthy controls (p = 0.019). A greater proportion of COVID-19 patients experienced impulsivity (p = 0.016) and insomnia (p = 0.039) than psychiatric patients and healthy controls. COVID-19 patients reported a higher psychological impact of the outbreak than psychiatric patients and healthy controls, with half of them having clinically significant symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. COVID-19 and psychiatric patients had higher levels of depression, anxiety and stress than healthy controls. Three themes emerged from the interviews with COVID-19 patients: (i) The emotions experienced by patients after COVID-19 infection (i.e., shock, fear, despair, hope, and boredom); (ii) the external factors that affected patients’ mood (i.e., discrimination, medical expenses, care by healthcare workers); and (iii) coping and self-help behavior (i.e., distraction, problem-solving and online support). The future direction in COVID-19 management involves the development of a holistic inpatient service to promote immune and psychological resilience.


id: cord-331257-z2x1wax0
title: Psychological Status and Influencing Factors of Hospital Medical Staff During the COVID-19 Outbreak
author: Yao, Yang
date: 2020-08-04
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32849083/
doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01841
abstract:
  BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to analyze the psychological status of and its influencing factors in health care workers (HCWs) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak so as to provide sufficient theory and scientific basis for the formulation and implementation of relevant policies and measures in improving the psychological status of HCWs. METHOD: During February 1 to February 20, 2020, 1,002 members of the HCWs from Xi’an and Wuhan completed a 12-item questionnaire regarding pressure about the COVID-19 influenza pandemic, along with the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). The GHQ-12 scale was divided by three points. The positive group was scored more than 3. All data were analyzed by SPSS. RESULTS: More than half of the participants (61.1%) reported psychological distress. The HCWs have sufficient information about the COVID-19 symptoms, prognosis, treatment, infection route, and preventive measures (medians ranged from 6/9 to 8/9). Female, engaged in clinic work less than 7 years, married person, and working in Wuhan were risk factors affecting the psychological status of HCWs (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Psychological distress is common in HCWs during the COVID-19 outbreak. Hospitals and relevant departments should provide psychological support to HCWs, and strict infection control measures should be developed.


id: cord-334532-r5lnjsvl
author: Rodriguez, Lindsey M.
date: 2020-06-27
txt: ./txt/cord-334532-r5lnjsvl.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-334532-r5lnjsvl.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306460320306626?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106532
summary:
  title: Drinking to Cope with the Pandemic: The Unique Associations of COVID-19-Related Perceived Threat and Psychological Distress to Drinking Behaviors in American Men and Women Derived from the self-medication hypothesis, this research explored how perceived threat and psychological distress related to the COVID-19 pandemic are associated with drinking behavior among an American sample of adults. Results suggested that psychological distress related to the COVID-19 pandemic was consistently related to alcohol use indices, and moderation results indicated this pattern was significant only among women for number of drinks consumed during the recent heaviest drinking occasion and number of drinks consumed on a typical evening. Given that during COVID-19related social distancing, individuals may be faced with increased stress and uncertainty (Taylor, 2019) as well as anxiety and depressive symptoms (Brooks et al., 2020) , those who experience more perceived threat and/or psychological distress may be those most likely to use alcohol to cope.

title:
  Drinking to Cope with the Pandemic: The Unique Associations of COVID-19-Related Perceived Threat and Psychological Distress to Drinking Behaviors in American Men and Women

abstract:
  The 2019 Coronavirus pandemic has brought about significant and unprecedented changes to the modern world, including stay-at-home orders, high rates of unemployment, and more than a hundred thousand deaths across the United States. Derived from the self-medication hypothesis, this research explored how perceived threat and psychological distress related to the COVID-19 pandemic are associated with drinking behavior among an American sample of adults. We also evaluated whether links between COVID-19-related perceived threat and psychological distress with drinking behavior are different for men and women. Participants (N=754; 50% women) completed an online Qualtrics Panels study between April 17(th) and 23(rd), 2020. Results suggested that psychological distress related to the COVID-19 pandemic was consistently related to alcohol use indices, and moderation results indicated this pattern was significant only among women for number of drinks consumed during the recent heaviest drinking occasion and number of drinks consumed on a typical evening. COVID-related distress’ link to frequency of drinking and heavy drinking episodes was not different for men and women. Our results suggest that continued monitoring, particularly among women, should be conducted as this pandemic continues to evolve to identify the long-term public health impacts of drinking to cope with COVID-19 distress.


id: cord-334711-58ygbyiz
author: Hernández-Sánchez, Brizeida Raquel
date: 2020-07-22
txt: ./txt/cord-334711-58ygbyiz.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-334711-58ygbyiz.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32708034/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17155293
summary:
  To meet these goals, we conducted an explorative study with a sample of college students to examine the effects of Covid-19 pandemic perception, psychological need satisfaction, proactiveness, and optimism are in entrepreneurial intentions. This research will focus on four characteristics, namely proactiveness, optimism, the Covid-19 pandemic perception, and psychological need satisfaction, to quantify the relationship between these four traits of the students and their entrepreneurial intention. First, through a representative sample of Latin American university students, this study aims to analyze the relationships between proactiveness, optimism, Covid-19 pandemic perception, psychological need satisfaction, and entrepreneurial intention in an adverse situation, as it is this current pandemic. Second, the current study focuses primarily on how the Covid-19 pandemic perception and need satisfaction mediate the predictive effects of student proactivity and optimism on entrepreneurial intention.

title:
  Psychological Factors that Lessen the Impact of COVID-19 on the Self-Employment Intention of Business Administration and Economics’ Students from Latin America

abstract:
  Background: The 2019 coronavirus disease epidemic (Covid-19) is a public health emergency of international concern and poses a challenge to the labor market. The pandemic has a devastating and disproportionate effect on young workers, their interest in entrepreneurship, and their mental health. Research is needed to develop evidence-based strategies to improve coping and reduce adverse psychological problems. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact that Covid-19 pandemic perception and psychological need satisfaction have on university students and their self-employment intention. In addition, we also analyzed the role of moderation played by psychological aspects. These psychological factors (i.e., Optimism and Proactiveness) can also improve young people’s mental health and well-being. Methods: An explorative study (online survey) was conducted in March 2020 934 university students from Latin America. Regression analysis models were built to examine the relationships between Covid-19 pandemic perception, personality variables, and entrepreneurial intention. Mediation models, through the bootstrapping method, were performed to analyze the mediating role of proactiveness and optimism. Results: Results indicate that students’ perception of Covid-19 and psychological need satisfaction are associated with entrepreneurial intention. Additionally, the present study argues that proactiveness and optimism mediate these relationships. Conclusions: This study identifies psychological factors associated with a lower level of Covid-19 impact and that can be used for psychological interventions that result in an improvement in the mental health of these vulnerable groups during and after the Covid-19 pandemic. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.


id: cord-334865-be6q5774
title: Psychiatrist in post-COVID-19 era – Are we prepared?
author: Das, Nileswar
date: 2020-04-07
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876201820301933
doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102082
abstract:
  • First communication from India with psychiatry residents perspective. • Authors had first-hand experience of working in the COVID designated areas. • Highlights the need of the hour.


id: cord-344048-lx9krl5v
author: Domínguez-Salas, Sara
date: 2020-06-28
txt: ./txt/cord-344048-lx9krl5v.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-344048-lx9krl5v.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8030190
doi: 10.3390/healthcare8030190
summary:
  The objective of this study is to analyze psychological distress in a sample of Spanish population, identifying the predictive nature of the information received, the preventive measures taken, level of concern, beliefs, and knowledge about the infection. The variables that showed a predictive ability were sex, age, number of hours consulting information on COVID-19, assessment of the information provided by the media in terms of accessibility, assessment of the information available on the prognosis of the disease, washing hands with hydroalcoholic solution, degree of concern about COVID-19, degree of concern to become infected, belief about the likelihood of survival if infected, level of confidence in the diagnostic ability of the health system, risk of getting infected, the belief about the effectiveness of preventive measures, and the need to offer psychological support to the general population ( Table 5 ).

title:
  Psycho-Emotional Approach to the Psychological Distress Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study

abstract:
  Anxiety, depression, and stress are common and expected reactions to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. The objective of this study is to analyze psychological distress in a sample of Spanish population, identifying the predictive nature of the information received, the preventive measures taken, level of concern, beliefs, and knowledge about the infection. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on a sample of 4615 participants. Data were collected through a self-prepared questionnaire and the general health questionnaire (GHQ-12). Bivariate analyses and logistic regressions were performed. Of the total participants, 71.98% presented psychological distress. The study population actively sought information about coronavirus, expressed a high level of concern and knowledge, and the most frequent preventive behavior was hand washing. As predictive factors, the degree of concern for COVID-19 was identified (odds ratio (OR) = 1.244, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [1.179, 1.312]), the number of hours spent consulting information on COVID-19 (OR = 1.038, 95% CI = [1.009, 1.068]), or the need for psychological support (OR = 1.135, 95% CI = [1.094, 1.177]), among others. These results could help design more effective strategies towards a psycho-emotional approach for the population when in similar health crisis situations. There is a need for interventions aimed at the psychological well-being of the population that meet the needs of their reality.


id: cord-344797-d2h0ugpa
author: O’Donovan, Róisín
date: 2020-07-29
txt: ./txt/cord-344797-d2h0ugpa.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-344797-d2h0ugpa.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32727374/
doi: 10.1186/s12874-020-01066-z
summary:
  METHODS: The exploratory phase of this study raised concerns about whether current survey measures could provide a sufficient understanding of psychological safety within healthcare teams to inform strategies to improve it. To provide a more holistic understanding of psychological safety in healthcare teams, we also present an observational measure which complements the adapted survey. The present study aims to add to the existing body of literature by adapting current observational and survey measures, in collaboration with healthcare professionals, to provide a triangulated approach to measuring psychological safety at the team and individual level. In order to gain a more in-depth understanding of psychological safety within the case study hospital, the current study adapted the original survey items and developed a corresponding observation measure. Building on previous research and feedback from healthcare professionals, this study describes the methodology used to adapt observational and survey measures of psychological safety, specifically for use within healthcare teams.

title:
  Measuring psychological safety in healthcare teams: developing an observational measure to complement survey methods

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Psychological safety is a dynamic team-level phenomenon which exists when team members believe that it is safe to take interpersonal risks. In healthcare teams, the presence of psychological safety is critical to delivering safe care. Scholars have highlighted a need for alternative measures which compliment survey-based measures of psychological safety in healthcare teams. METHODS: The exploratory phase of this study raised concerns about whether current survey measures could provide a sufficient understanding of psychological safety within healthcare teams to inform strategies to improve it. Thus, previously validated psychological safety surveys and a meeting observation measure were adapted for use in healthcare teams. First, two group feedback sessions were held with 22 healthcare professionals, as well as a systematic literature review. Then, the members of eleven healthcare teams in Ireland and The Netherlands (n = 135) took part in the pilot test of the adapted composite measure. RESULTS: The final composite measure has two parts: a team meeting observation measure and an adapted survey. The observation measure has 31 observable behaviours fitting seven categories: voice, defensive voice, silence behaviours, supportive, unsupportive, learning or improvement-oriented and familiarity type behaviours. The survey part consists of 19 items in three sub-dimensions related to; the team leader, other team members and the team as a whole. Three additional items capture the perceived representativeness of the observed team meeting compared to other similar meetings. Final adaptations were made in order to integrate the observation and survey measure. CONCLUSIONS: The resulting composite measure combines the strengths of observational and survey measures and is tailored for use in healthcare teams. It is uniquely co-developed with healthcare professionals and grounded in the psychological safety and healthcare literature. This composite measure can enable longitudinal research on psychological safety and inform future research to develop and test interventions to improve psychological safety.


id: cord-346791-f2bjsopv
author: Arslan, Gökmen
date: 2020-06-04
txt: ./txt/cord-346791-f2bjsopv.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-346791-f2bjsopv.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00337-6
doi: 10.1007/s11469-020-00337-6
summary:
  In order to provide appropriate mental health services and develop prevention and intervention strategies for people in response to COVID-19, it is critical to understand the mitigating factors associated with coronavirus stress and psychological problems. Thus, the purpose of the present study is to examine the mediating role of optimism-pessimism and psychological inflexibility on the relationship between coronavirus stress and psychological problems among Turkish adults. Thus, the purpose of the present study is to examine the mediating role of optimism-pessimism and psychological inflexibility on the relationship between coronavirus stress and psychological problems among Turkish adults. Given the theoretical and empirical evidence presented above, the purpose of the current study was to examine the mediating effects of the optimism-pessimism and psychological inflexibility on the association of coronavirus stress with psychological problems among Turkish adults. The results of the study generally support the mediating roles of optimism-pessimism and psychological inflexibility in the association between coronavirus stress and psychological problems.

title:
  Coronavirus Stress, Optimism-Pessimism, Psychological Inflexibility, and Psychological Health: Psychometric Properties of the Coronavirus Stress Measure

abstract:
  The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is currently a global health threat attributed to negatively affecting the mental health and well-being of people globally. The purpose of the present study is to examine the mediating role of optimism-pessimism and psychological inflexibility in the relationship of coronavirus stress with psychological problems among Turkish adults. The sample of the study included 451 adults (55% women). Participants mainly consisted of young adults with a mean age of 23.30 years, ranging from 18 to 65 years (SD = 6.97). A mediation model indicated that coronavirus stress had a significant predictive effect on optimism-pessimism, psychological inflexibility, and psychological problems. Further, optimism-pessimism and psychological inflexibility mediated the effect of coronavirus stress on psychological problems in adults. Lastly, optimism-pessimism predicted the psychological problems of adults through psychological inflexibility. These results elucidate our understanding of the role of mediators in coronavirus stress and psychological health problems. The findings are useful in terms of providing evidence for tailoring interventions and implementing preventative approaches to mitigate the psychopathological consequences of COVID-19. Based on the present findings, the potential utility of acceptance and commitment therapy is discussed within the context of COVID-19.


id: cord-348806-yi9vbgwj
title: The Psychological and Social Impact of Covid-19: New Perspectives of Well-Being
author: Saladino, Valeria
date: 2020-10-02
url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.577684
doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.577684
abstract:
  The recent Covid-19 pandemic has had significant psychological and social effects on the population. Research has highlighted the impact on psychological well-being of the most exposed groups, including children, college students, and health workers, who are more likely to develop post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression, and other symptoms of distress. The social distance and the security measures have affected the relationship among people and their perception of empathy toward others. From this perspective, telepsychology and technological devices assume important roles to decrease the negative effects of the pandemic. These tools present benefits that could improve psychological treatment of patients online, such as the possibility to meet from home or from the workplace, saving money and time and maintaining the relationship between therapists and patients. The aim of this paper is to show empirical data from recent studies on the effect of the pandemic and reflect on possible interventions based on technological tools.


id: cord-351530-crsii3pu
author: Zhao, Fuqiang
date: 2020-07-30
txt: ./txt/cord-351530-crsii3pu.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-351530-crsii3pu.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103725
doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103725
summary:
  DESIGN: Cross-Sectional Study with Temporal Separation SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS: The researchers recruited 451 on-duty registered nurses from 5 hospitals providing patient care during the highly infectious phase of COVID-19 in January 2020 in Wuhan city, the epicentre of the outbreak in China METHODS: After obtaining permission from hospital administration, data were collected through an online questionnaire survey in three stages with temporal separation to avoid common method bias. Multi-group analysis results indicate no significant differences between respondents based on these control variables CONCLUSIONS: Recurring or prolonged experiences of stress and anxiety at the workplace, without a mechanism to counter such effects, can culminate into psychological distress. Inclusive leadership is one of the positive leadership styles studied in this paper due to its impact on the psychological distress of nurses working during the COVID-19 epidemic.

title:
  Caring for the Caregiver during COVID-19 Outbreak: Does Inclusive Leadership Improve Psychological Safety and Curb Psychological Distress? A Cross-sectional Study

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Public health emergencies and epidemics shatter the assumptions of the world as a safe place. Healthcare workers are at the forefront of such pressures resulting from a persistent threat to their safety and well being. It is therefore important to study such mechanisms that can influence and predict the psychological distress of nurses OBJECTIVES: While there is an increasing number of studies on positive outcomes of leadership styles, their influence on curbing unwanted adverse outcomes is scarce. This study aims to observe the influence of an inclusive leadership style on psychological distress while assessing the mediating role of psychological safety. It uses the theoretical lens of job demands-resources theory and the theory of shattered assumptions to develop and test hypotheses. DESIGN: Cross-Sectional Study with Temporal Separation SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS: The researchers recruited 451 on-duty registered nurses from 5 hospitals providing patient care during the highly infectious phase of COVID-19 in January 2020 in Wuhan city, the epicentre of the outbreak in China METHODS: After obtaining permission from hospital administration, data were collected through an online questionnaire survey in three stages with temporal separation to avoid common method bias. Partial least square structural equation modelling was used to analyze data. The study controlled for effects of age, gender, experience, working hours and education. RESULTS: Hypothesized relationships proved significant. Inclusive leadership has an inverse relationship with psychological distress with a strong path-coefficient. Psychological safety mediates the relationship between inclusive leadership and psychological distress while explaining 28.6% variance. Multi-group analysis results indicate no significant differences between respondents based on these control variables CONCLUSIONS: Recurring or prolonged experiences of stress and anxiety at the workplace, without a mechanism to counter such effects, can culminate into psychological distress. Inclusive leadership style can serve as such a mechanism to curb psychological distress for healthcare workers by creating a psychologically safe environment.


id: cord-352468-hi7u4w3q
author: Xu, Xinglong
date: 2020-07-10
txt: ./txt/cord-352468-hi7u4w3q.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-352468-hi7u4w3q.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32650723/
doi: 10.1186/s12875-020-01182-1
summary:
  In this paper, we apply a novel structural equation model to explore effect of interplay between psychological wellbeing, psychological capital and job involvement on family doctor motivation in Shanghai, Nanjing and Beijing in China. The model consisted of the latent variables psychological wellbeing, job involvement, the moderating variable (psychological capital and its constructs i.e. optimism, self-efficacy, resilience, hope) and the dependent variable (performance sustenance) among family doctors in China. The results of this study show that when psychological capital can interact with other job-related attitudes to generates positive and significant results thereby sustaining the performance of family doctors. This study intended to examine the relationship between job involvement, psychological well-being, and performance among family doctors in China. It again considered the influence of the interaction effect of psychological capital on psychological well-being, job involvement leading to performance sustenance on the family doctor system.

title:
  Reconstructing family doctors’ psychological well-being and motivation for effective performance in China: the intervening role of psychological capital

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Family practice and family doctors are critical part of China’s primary healthcare delivery in a constantly evolving society. As the first point of contact with the medical system, family practices require physically and psychologically sound and a well-motivated family doctors at all times. This is because an error can lead to loss of lives as gatekeepers of the medical system. Our study explored the extent to which positive psychological capital promotes higher performance among family doctors. METHODS: A questionnaire was used to collect data from family doctors in Shanghai, Nanjing, and Beijing. We applied a structural equation analysis to analyze the causal relationship among the variables. RESULTS: We found out that psychological well-being and job involvement significantly influences the performance of family doctors in China. The study also noted that psychological capital moderates the relationship between psychological well-being attainment, job involvement, and performance. CONCLUSIONS: Studies have shown that these pressures affect their well-being considerably. For this reason, a healthcare professional who experiences positive emotions affects the total behavior which culminates into performance.


id: cord-356132-1nisyl5r
author: Wang, Huiyao
date: 2020-05-14
txt: ./txt/cord-356132-1nisyl5r.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-356132-1nisyl5r.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233410
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233410
summary:
  The population with younger age (F = 102.04), unmarried (t = 15.28), with history of visiting Wuhan in the past month (t = -40.86), with history of epidemics occurring in the community (t = -10.25), more concern with media reports (F = 21.84), perceived more impacts of the epidemic outbreak (changes over living situations, F = 331.71; emotional control, F = 1863.07; epidemic-related dreams, F = 1642.78) and negative coping style (t = 37.41) had higher level of psychological distress. The general mainland Chinese population with unmarried, history of visiting Wuhan in the past month, perceived more impacts of the epidemic and negative coping style had higher level of psychological distress in the early stages of COVID-19 epidemic. Unmarried, history of visiting Wuhan, more serious changes over living situations, more difficult of emotional control, higher frequency of epidemic-related dreams, and negative coping style in the general population showed higher level of psychological distress.

title:
  The psychological distress and coping styles in the early stages of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic in the general mainland Chinese population: A web-based survey

abstract:
  As the epidemic outbreak of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), general population may experience psychological distress. Evidence has suggested that negative coping styles may be related to subsequent mental illness. Therefore, we investigate the general population’s psychological distress and coping styles in the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak. A cross-sectional battery of surveys was conducted from February 1–4, 2020. The Kessler 6 psychological distress scale, the simplified coping style questionnaire and a general information questionnaire were administered on-line to a convenience sample of 1599 in China. A multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify the influence factors of psychological distress. General population’s psychological distress were significant differences based on age, marriage, epidemic contact characteristics, concern with media reports, and perceived impacts of the epidemic outbreak (all p <0.001) except gender (p = 0.316). The population with younger age (F = 102.04), unmarried (t = 15.28), with history of visiting Wuhan in the past month (t = -40.86), with history of epidemics occurring in the community (t = -10.25), more concern with media reports (F = 21.84), perceived more impacts of the epidemic outbreak (changes over living situations, F = 331.71; emotional control, F = 1863.07; epidemic-related dreams, F = 1642.78) and negative coping style (t = 37.41) had higher level of psychological distress. Multivariate analysis found that marriage, epidemic contact characteristics, perceived impacts of the epidemic and coping style were the influence factors of psychological distress (all p <0.001). Epidemic of COVID-19 caused high level of psychological distress. The general mainland Chinese population with unmarried, history of visiting Wuhan in the past month, perceived more impacts of the epidemic and negative coping style had higher level of psychological distress in the early stages of COVID-19 epidemic. Psychological interventions should be implemented early, especially for those general population with such characteristics.


