id sid tid token lemma pos cord-291727-4wfhuvww 1 1 key key NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 1 2 : : : cord-291727-4wfhuvww 2 1 cord-291727 cord-291727 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 2 2 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 2 3 4wfhuvww 4wfhuvww CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 2 4 authors author NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 2 5 : : : cord-291727-4wfhuvww 2 6 Ketteler Ketteler NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 2 7 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 2 8 Robin Robin NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 2 9 title title NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 2 10 : : : cord-291727-4wfhuvww 2 11 On on IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 2 12 programmed programmed JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 2 13 ribosomal ribosomal JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 2 14 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 2 15 : : : cord-291727-4wfhuvww 2 16 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 2 17 alternative alternative JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 2 18 proteomes proteome NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 2 19 date date NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 2 20 : : : cord-291727-4wfhuvww 2 21 2012 2012 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 2 22 - - SYM cord-291727-4wfhuvww 2 23 11 11 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 2 24 - - SYM cord-291727-4wfhuvww 2 25 19 19 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 2 26 journal journal NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 2 27 : : : cord-291727-4wfhuvww 2 28 Front Front NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 2 29 Genet Genet NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 2 30 DOI DOI NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 2 31 : : : cord-291727-4wfhuvww 2 32 10.3389 10.3389 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 2 33 / / SYM cord-291727-4wfhuvww 2 34 fgene.2012.00242 fgene.2012.00242 NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 2 35 sha sha NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 2 36 : : : cord-291727-4wfhuvww 2 37 4ec1787f65505b0751777ff1f2cb40d13c0d2b96 4ec1787f65505b0751777ff1f2cb40d13c0d2b96 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 2 38 doc_id doc_id CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 2 39 : : : cord-291727-4wfhuvww 2 40 291727 291727 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 2 41 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 2 42 : : : cord-291727-4wfhuvww 3 1 4wfhuvww 4wfhuvww LS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 3 2 Frameshifting Frameshifting NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 3 3 results result NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 3 4 from from IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 3 5 two two CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 3 6 main main JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 3 7 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 3 8 : : : cord-291727-4wfhuvww 3 9 genomic genomic JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 3 10 insertions insertion NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 3 11 or or CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 3 12 deletions deletion NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 3 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 3 14 indels indel NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 3 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 3 16 or or CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 3 17 programmed program VBD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 3 18 ribosomal ribosomal JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 3 19 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 3 20 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 4 1 Whereas whereas IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 4 2 indels indel NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 4 3 can can MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 4 4 disrupt disrupt VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 4 5 normal normal JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 4 6 protein protein NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 4 7 function function NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 4 8 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 4 9 programmed program VBD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 4 10 ribosomal ribosomal JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 4 11 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 4 12 can can MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 4 13 result result VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 4 14 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 4 15 dual dual JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 4 16 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 4 17 coding code VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 4 18 genes gene NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 4 19 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 4 20 each each DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 4 21 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 4 22 which which WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 4 23 can can MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 4 24 produce produce VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 4 25 multiple multiple JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 4 26 functional functional JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 4 27 products product NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 4 28 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 5 1 Here here RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 5 2 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 5 3 I -PRON- PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 5 4 summarize summarize VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 5 5 technical technical JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 5 6 advances advance NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 5 7 that that WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 5 8 have have VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 5 9 made make VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 5 10 it -PRON- PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 5 11 possible possible JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 5 12 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 5 13 identify identify VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 5 14 programmed program VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 5 15 ribosomal ribosomal JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 5 16 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 5 17 events event NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 5 18 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 5 19 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 5 20 systematic systematic JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 5 21 way way NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 5 22 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 6 1 The the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 6 2 results result NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 6 3 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 6 4 these these DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 6 5 studies study NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 6 6 suggest suggest VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 6 7 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 6 8 such such JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 6 9 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 6 10 occurs occur VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 6 11 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 6 12 all all DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 6 13 genomes genome NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 6 14 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 6 15 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 6 16 I -PRON- PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 6 17 will will MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 6 18 discuss discuss VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 6 19 methods method NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 6 20 that that WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 6 21 could could MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 6 22 help help VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 6 23 characterize characterize VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 6 24 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 6 25 resulting result VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 6 26 alternative alternative JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 6 27 proteomes proteome NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 6 28 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 7 1 Frameshifting Frameshifting NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 7 2 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 7 3 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 7 4 process process NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 7 5 whereby whereby WRB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 7 6 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 7 7 ribosome ribosome NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 7 8 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 7 9 guided guide VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 7 10 toward toward IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 7 11 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 7 12 triplet triplet NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 7 13 nucleotide nucleotide NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 7 14 that that WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 7 15 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 7 16 either either CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 7 17 shifted shift VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 7 18 one one CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 7 19 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 7 20 position position NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 7 21 upstream upstream RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 7 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 7 23 +1 +1 XX cord-291727-4wfhuvww 7 24 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 7 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 7 26 or or CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 7 27 one one CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 7 28 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 7 29 position position NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 7 30 downstream downstream JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 7 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 7 32 −1 −1 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 7 33 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 7 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 7 35 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 8 1 Such such JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 8 2 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 8 3 occurs occur VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 8 4 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 8 5 all all DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 8 6 known know VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 8 7 organisms organism NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 8 8 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 8 9 from from IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 8 10 E. E. NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 8 11 coli coli NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 8 12 to to IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 8 13 mammals mammal NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 9 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 9 2 Namy Namy NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 9 3 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 9 4 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 9 5 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 9 6 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 9 7 2004 2004 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 10 1 ; ; : cord-291727-4wfhuvww 10 2 Dinman Dinman NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 10 3 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 10 4 2012a 2012a CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 10 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 10 6 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 11 1 There there EX cord-291727-4wfhuvww 11 2 are be VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 11 3 two two CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 11 4 main main JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 11 5 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 11 6 that that WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 11 7 produce produce VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 11 8 out out IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 11 9 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 11 10 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 11 11 peptides peptide NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 11 12 : : : cord-291727-4wfhuvww 11 13 changes change NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 11 14 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 11 15 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 11 16 genome genome NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 11 17 sequence sequence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 11 18 that that WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 11 19 result result VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 11 20 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 11 21 insertions insertion NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 11 22 or or CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 11 23 deletions deletion NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 11 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 11 25 indels indel NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 11 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 11 27 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 11 28 programmed program VBD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 11 29 ribosomal ribosomal JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 11 30 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 11 31 as as IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 11 32 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 11 33 consequence consequence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 11 34 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 11 35 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 11 36 ribosome ribosome NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 11 37 either either CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 11 38 slipping slip VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 11 39 back back RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 11 40 one one CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 11 41 nucleotide nucleotide NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 11 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 11 43 −1 −1 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 11 44 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 11 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 11 46 or or CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 11 47 skipping skip VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 11 48 one one CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 11 49 nucleotide nucleotide NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 11 50 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 11 51 +1 +1 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 11 52 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 11 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 12 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 12 2 Figure figure NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 12 3 1 1 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 12 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 12 5 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 13 1 Indels Indels NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 13 2 generally generally RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 13 3 produce produce VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 13 4 nonfunctional nonfunctional JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 13 5 proteins protein NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 13 6 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 13 7 are be VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 13 8 associated associate VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 13 9 with with IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 13 10 either either DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 13 11 spontaneous spontaneous JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 13 12 mutations mutation NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 13 13 across across IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 13 14 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 13 15 genome genome NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 13 16 or or CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 13 17 somatic somatic JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 13 18 genomic genomic JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 13 19 instability instability NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 13 20 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 13 21 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 13 22 instance instance NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 13 23 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 13 24 as as IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 13 25 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 13 26 consequence consequence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 13 27 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 13 28 tumour tumour NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 13 29 progression progression NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 13 30 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 14 1 By by IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 14 2 contrast contrast NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 14 3 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 14 4 programmed program VBD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 14 5 ribosomal ribosomal JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 14 6 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 14 7 can can MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 14 8 result result VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 14 9 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 14 10 dual dual JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 14 11 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 14 12 coding code VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 14 13 genes gene NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 14 14 that that WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 14 15 produce produce VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 14 16 alternative alternative JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 14 17 functional functional JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 14 18 proteins protein NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 14 19 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 14 20 which which WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 14 21 form form VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 14 22 an an DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 14 23 integral integral JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 14 24 part part NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 14 25 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 14 26 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 14 27 organism organism NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 14 28 's 's POS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 14 29 physiology physiology NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 14 30 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 15 1 Programmed program VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 15 2 ribosomal ribosomal JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 15 3 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 15 4 has have VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 15 5 been be VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 15 6 historically historically RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 15 7 associated associate VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 15 8 with with IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 15 9 viruses virus NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 15 10 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 15 11 retrotransposons retrotransposon NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 15 12 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 16 1 Retroviruses retrovirus NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 16 2 require require VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 16 3 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 16 4 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 16 5 replication replication NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 16 6 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 16 7 infection infection NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 17 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 17 2 Maia Maia NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 17 3 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 17 4 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 17 5 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 17 6 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 17 7 1996 1996 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 17 8 ; ; : cord-291727-4wfhuvww 17 9 Brierley Brierley NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 17 10 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 17 11 Dos Dos NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 17 12 Ramos Ramos NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 17 13 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 17 14 2006 2006 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 17 15 ; ; : cord-291727-4wfhuvww 17 16 Dulude Dulude NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 17 17 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 17 18 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 17 19 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 17 20 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 17 21 2006 2006 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 17 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 17 23 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 18 1 For for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 18 2 example example NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 18 3 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 18 4 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 18 5 HIV1 HIV1 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 18 6 polyprotein polyprotein NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 18 7 gag gag NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 18 8 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 18 9 pol pol NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 18 10 requires require VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 18 11 efficient efficient JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 18 12 −1 −1 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 18 13 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 18 14 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 18 15 expression expression NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 18 16 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 18 17 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 18 18 individual individual JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 18 19 gag gag NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 18 20 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 18 21 pol pol NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 18 22 gene gene NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 18 23 products product NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 18 24 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 19 1 This this DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 19 2 form form NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 19 3 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 19 4 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 19 5 usually usually RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 19 6 depends depend VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 19 7 on on IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 19 8 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 19 9 combination combination NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 19 10 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 19 11 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 19 12 " " `` cord-291727-4wfhuvww 19 13 slippery slippery JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 19 14 sequence sequence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 19 15 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 19 16 " " '' cord-291727-4wfhuvww 19 17 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 19 18 spacer spacer NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 19 19 sequence sequence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 19 20 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 19 21 1 1 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 19 22 - - SYM cord-291727-4wfhuvww 19 23 15 15 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 19 24 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 19 25 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 19 26 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 19 27 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 19 28 stem stem NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 19 29 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 19 30 loop loop NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 19 31 secondary secondary JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 19 32 RNA RNA NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 19 33 structure structure NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 19 34 such such JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 19 35 as as IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 19 36 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 19 37 pseudoknot pseudoknot NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 19 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 19 39 Figure figure NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 19 40 1 1 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 19 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 20 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 20 2 Namy Namy NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 20 3 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 20 4 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 20 5 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 20 6 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 20 7 2006 2006 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 20 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 20 9 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 21 1 The the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 21 2 slippery slippery JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 21 3 sequence sequence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 21 4 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 21 5 generally generally RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 21 6 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 21 7 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 21 8 type type NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 21 9 X x NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 21 10 XXY XXY NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 21 11 YYZ YYZ NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 21 12 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 21 13 where where WRB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 21 14 X x NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 21 15 denotes denote VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 21 16 any any DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 21 17 nucleotide nucleotide NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 21 18 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 21 19 Y Y NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 21 20 denotes denote VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 21 21 A a NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 21 22 or or CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 21 23 U u NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 21 24 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 21 25 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 21 26 Z z NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 21 27 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 21 28 A a NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 21 29 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 21 30 U U NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 21 31 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 21 32 or or CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 21 33 C. C. NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 21 34 Pseudoknots Pseudoknots NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 21 35 are be VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 21 36 secondary secondary JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 21 37 RNA RNA NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 21 38 substructures substructure NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 21 39 that that WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 21 40 contain contain VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 21 41 two two CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 21 42 or or CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 21 43 more more JJR cord-291727-4wfhuvww 21 44 stemloop stemloop JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 21 45 motifs motif NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 21 46 with with IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 21 47 intercalated intercalate VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 21 48 stems stem NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 21 49 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 22 1 The the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 22 2 pseudoknot pseudoknot NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 22 3 or or CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 22 4 stemloop stemloop JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 22 5 structure structure NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 22 6 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 22 7 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 22 8 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 22 9 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 22 10 thought think VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 22 11 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 22 12 result result VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 22 13 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 22 14 pausing pausing NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 22 15 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 22 16 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 22 17 ribosome ribosome NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 22 18 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 22 19 resulting result VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 22 20 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 22 21 eventual eventual JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 22 22 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 23 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 23 2 Namy Namy NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 23 3 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 23 4 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 23 5 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 23 6 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 23 7 2006 2006 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 23 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 23 9 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 24 1 Structural structural JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 24 2 evidence evidence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 24 3 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 24 4 this this DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 24 5 mechanism mechanism NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 24 6 comes come VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 24 7 from from IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 24 8 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 24 9 crystal crystal JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 24 10 structure structure NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 24 11 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 24 12 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 24 13 mouse mouse NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 24 14 mammary mammary JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 24 15 tumor tumor NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 24 16 virus virus NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 24 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 24 18 MMTV MMTV NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 24 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 24 20 pseudoknot pseudoknot NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 24 21 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 24 22 which which WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 24 23 has have VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 24 24 an an DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 24 25 unpaired unpaired JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 24 26 adenine adenine NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 24 27 that that WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 24 28 acts act VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 24 29 as as IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 24 30 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 24 31 hinge hinge NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 24 32 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 24 33 mediate mediate VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 24 34 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 25 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 25 2 Chen Chen NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 25 3 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 25 4 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 25 5 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 25 6 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 25 7 1996 1996 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 25 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 25 9 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 26 1 Generally generally RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 26 2 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 26 3 there there EX cord-291727-4wfhuvww 26 4 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 26 5 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 26 6 correlation correlation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 26 7 between between IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 26 8 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 26 9 mechanical mechanical JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 26 10 strength strength NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 26 11 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 26 12 an an DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 26 13 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 26 14 pseudoknot pseudoknot NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 26 15 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 26 16 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 26 17 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 26 18 efficiency efficiency NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 27 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 27 2 Hansen Hansen NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 27 3 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 27 4 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 27 5 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 27 6 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 27 7 2007 2007 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 27 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 28 1 : : : cord-291727-4wfhuvww 28 2 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 28 3 stronger strong JJR cord-291727-4wfhuvww 28 4 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 28 5 pseudoknot pseudoknot NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 28 6 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 28 7 higher high JJR cord-291727-4wfhuvww 29 1 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 29 2 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 29 3 efficiency efficiency NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 29 4 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 29 5 although although IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 29 6 very very RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 29 7 strong strong JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 29 8 pseudoknots pseudoknot NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 29 9 can can MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 29 10 cause cause VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 29 11 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 29 12 road road NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 29 13 block block NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 29 14 that that WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 29 15 limits limit VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 29 16 translation translation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 29 17 downstream downstream RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 30 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 30 2 Tholstrup Tholstrup NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 30 3 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 30 4 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 30 5 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 30 6 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 30 7 2011 2011 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 30 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 30 9 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 31 1 Other other JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 31 2 examples example NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 31 3 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 31 4 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 31 5 genes gene NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 31 6 that that WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 31 7 utilize utilize VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 31 8 −1 −1 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 31 9 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 31 10 are be VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 31 11 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 31 12 mouse mouse NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 31 13 embryonic embryonic JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 31 14 carcinoma carcinoma NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 31 15 differentiation differentiation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 31 16 regulated regulate VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 31 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 31 18 EDR EDR NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 31 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 31 20 gene gene NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 31 21 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 31 22 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 31 23 human human JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 31 24 ortholog ortholog NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 31 25 PEG10 PEG10 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 31 26 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 32 1 A a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 32 2 slippery slippery JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 32 3 sequence sequence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 32 4 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 32 5 G G NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 32 6 GGA GGA NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 32 7 AAC AAC NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 32 8 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 32 9 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 32 10 combination combination NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 32 11 with with IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 32 12 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 32 13 pseudoknot pseudoknot NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 32 14 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 32 15 mediates mediate VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 32 16 highly highly RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 32 17 efficient efficient JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 32 18 −1 −1 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 32 19 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 32 20 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 32 21 similar similar JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 32 22 to to IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 32 23 viral viral JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 32 24 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 32 25 motifs motif NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 32 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 32 27 Clark Clark NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 32 28 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 32 29 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 32 30 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 32 31 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 32 32 2007 2007 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 32 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 32 34 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 33 1 Recently recently RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 33 2 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 33 3 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 33 4 programmed program VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 33 5 ribosomal ribosomal JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 33 6 −1 −1 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 33 7 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 33 8 has have VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 33 9 been be VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 33 10 identified identify VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 33 11 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 33 12 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 33 13 adenomatous adenomatous JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 33 14 polyposis polyposis NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 33 15 coli coli NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 33 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 33 17 APC APC NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 33 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 33 19 mRNA mrna NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 33 20 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 33 21 Caenorhabditis Caenorhabditis NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 33 22 elegans elegan NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 33 23 that that WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 33 24 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 33 25 mediated mediate VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 33 26 by by IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 33 27 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 33 28 slippery slippery JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 33 29 sequence sequence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 33 30 A a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 33 31 AAA AAA NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 33 32 AAA aaa NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 33 33 or or CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 33 34 A a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 33 35 AAA aaa NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 33 36 AAC aac NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 34 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 34 2 Baranov Baranov NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 34 3 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 34 4 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 34 5 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 34 6 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 34 7 2011 2011 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 34 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 34 9 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 35 1 The the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 35 2 functional functional JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 35 3 relevance relevance NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 35 4 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 35 5 this this DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 35 6 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 35 7 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 35 8 uncertain uncertain JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 35 9 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 36 1 Although although IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 36 2 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 36 3 slippery slippery JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 36 4 sequence sequence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 36 5 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 36 6 pseudoknot pseudoknot NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 36 7 are be VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 36 8 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 36 9 most most RBS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 36 10 common common JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 36 11 motifs motif NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 36 12 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 36 13 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 36 14 identified identify VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 36 15 thus thus RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 36 16 far far RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 36 17 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 36 18 there there EX cord-291727-4wfhuvww 36 19 are be VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 36 20 alternative alternative JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 36 21 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 36 22 that that WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 36 23 may may MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 36 24 result result VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 36 25 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 36 26 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 36 27 production production NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 36 28 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 36 29 out out IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 36 30 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 36 31 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 36 32 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 36 33 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 36 34 proteins protein NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 36 35 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 37 1 Alternative alternative JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 37 2 splicing splicing NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 37 3 may may MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 37 4 contribute contribute VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 37 5 to to IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 37 6 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 37 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 37 8 Hiller Hiller NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 37 9 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 37 10 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 37 11 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 37 12 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 37 13 2005 2005 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 37 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 37 15 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 37 16 as as IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 37 17 can can MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 37 18 codon codon NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 37 19 bias bias NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 37 20 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 38 1 For for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 38 2 instance instance NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 38 3 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 38 4 rare rare JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 38 5 tRNA tRNA NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 38 6 codons codon NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 38 7 can can MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 38 8 favor favor VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 38 9 −1 −1 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 38 10 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 38 11 +1 +1 NFP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 38 12 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 38 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 38 14 Gurvich Gurvich NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 38 15 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 38 16 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 38 17 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 38 18 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 38 19 2005 2005 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 38 20 ; ; : cord-291727-4wfhuvww 38 21 Laine Laine NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 38 22 et et FW cord-291727-4wfhuvww 38 23 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 38 24 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 38 25 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 38 26 2008 2008 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 38 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 38 28 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 38 29 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 38 30 rare rare JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 38 31 arginine arginine NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 38 32 codons codon NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 38 33 prime prime JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 38 34 mitochondrial mitochondrial NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 38 35 sequences sequence NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 38 36 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 38 37 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 39 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 39 2 Temperley Temperley NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 39 3 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 39 4 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 39 5 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 39 6 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 39 7 2010 2010 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 39 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 39 9 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 40 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 40 2 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 40 3 CAG CAG NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 40 4 repeats repeat VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 40 5 are be VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 40 6 prone prone JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 40 7 to to IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 40 8 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 40 9 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 40 10 which which WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 40 11 results result VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 40 12 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 40 13 poly poly JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 40 14 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 40 15 alanine alanine JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 40 16 proteins protein NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 40 17 that that WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 40 18 may may MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 40 19 contribute contribute VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 40 20 to to IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 40 21 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 40 22 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 40 23 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 40 24 neurodegenerative neurodegenerative JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 40 25 diseases disease NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 40 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 40 27 Toulouse Toulouse NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 40 28 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 40 29 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 40 30 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 40 31 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 40 32 2005 2005 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 40 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 40 34 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 41 1 The the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 41 2 use use NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 41 3 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 41 4 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 41 5 peptidyltransferase peptidyltransferase NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 41 6 inhibitor inhibitor NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 41 7 anisomycin anisomycin NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 41 8 reduces reduce VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 41 9 −1 −1 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 41 10 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 41 11 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 41 12 these these DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 41 13 cases case NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 41 14 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 41 15 reduces reduce VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 41 16 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 41 17 toxicity toxicity NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 41 18 associated associate VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 41 19 with with IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 41 20 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 41 21 expanded expand VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 41 22 triplet triplet NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 41 23 repeats repeat VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 41 24 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 42 1 Importantly importantly RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 42 2 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 42 3 out out RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 42 4 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 42 5 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 42 6 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 42 7 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 42 8 proteins protein NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 42 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 42 10 compared compare VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 42 11 to to IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 42 12 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 42 13 standard standard JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 42 14 ORFeome orfeome NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 42 15 annotation annotation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 42 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 42 17 can can MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 42 18 also also RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 42 19 result result VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 42 20 from from IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 42 21 alternative alternative JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 42 22 AUG AUG NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 42 23 or or CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 42 24 CUG CUG NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 42 25 start start VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 42 26 sites site NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 42 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 42 28 Ingolia Ingolia NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 42 29 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 42 30 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 42 31 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 42 32 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 42 33 2011 2011 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 42 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 42 35 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 42 36 thereby thereby RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 42 37 considerably considerably RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 42 38 increasing increase VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 42 39 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 42 40 size size NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 42 41 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 42 42 an an DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 42 43 alternative alternative JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 42 44 " " `` cord-291727-4wfhuvww 42 45 frameshifted frameshifted JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 42 46 " " '' cord-291727-4wfhuvww 42 47 proteome proteome NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 42 48 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 43 1 Main main JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 43 2 sources source NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 43 3 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 43 4 out out IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 43 5 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 43 6 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 43 7 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 43 8 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 43 9 peptides peptide NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 43 10 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 43 11 proteins protein NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 43 12 are be VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 43 13 shown show VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 43 14 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 43 15 Figure figure NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 43 16 2 2 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 43 17 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 44 1 An an DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 44 2 interesting interesting JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 44 3 example example NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 44 4 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 44 5 programmed program VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 44 6 ribosomal ribosomal NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 44 7 +1 +1 NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 44 8 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 44 9 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 44 10 that that DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 44 11 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 44 12 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 44 13 ornithine ornithine NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 44 14 decarboxylase decarboxylase NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 44 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 44 16 ODC ODC NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 44 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 44 18 gene gene NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 44 19 that that WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 44 20 produces produce VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 44 21 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 44 22 antizyme antizyme NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 44 23 from from IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 44 24 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 44 25 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 44 26 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 44 27 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 44 28 sequence sequence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 44 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 44 30 Bekaert Bekaert NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 44 31 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 44 32 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 44 33 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 44 34 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 44 35 2008 2008 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 44 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 44 37 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 45 1 ODC ODC NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 45 2 catalyzes catalyze VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 45 3 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 45 4 production production NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 45 5 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 45 6 polyamines polyamine NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 45 7 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 45 8 such such JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 45 9 as as IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 45 10 putrescine putrescine NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 45 11 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 45 12 spermidine spermidine NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 45 13 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 45 14 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 45 15 spermine spermine VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 45 16 from from IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 45 17 ornithine ornithine NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 45 18 through through IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 45 19 decarboxylation decarboxylation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 45 20 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 46 1 ODC ODC NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 46 2 activity activity NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 46 3 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 46 4 terminated terminate VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 46 5 by by IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 46 6 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 46 7 antizyme antizyme NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 46 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 46 9 Murakami Murakami NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 46 10 et et FW cord-291727-4wfhuvww 46 11 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 46 12 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 47 1 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 47 2 1992 1992 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 47 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 48 1 -providing -provide VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 48 2 an an DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 48 3 elegant elegant JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 48 4 mechanism mechanism NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 48 5 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 48 6 shutting shut VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 48 7 down down RP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 48 8 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 48 9 activity activity NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 48 10 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 48 11 an an DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 48 12 enzyme enzyme NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 48 13 by by IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 48 14 producing produce VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 48 15 an an DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 48 16 out out IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 48 17 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 48 18 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 48 19 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 48 20 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 48 21 antizyme antizyme NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 48 22 from from IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 48 23 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 48 24 same same JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 48 25 mRNA mrna NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 48 26 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 49 1 This this DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 49 2 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 49 3 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 49 4 tightly tightly RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 49 5 regulated regulate VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 49 6 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 49 7 can can MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 49 8 be be VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 49 9 enhanced enhance VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 49 10 by by IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 49 11 treatment treatment NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 49 12 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 49 13 cells cell NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 49 14 with with IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 49 15 polyamines polyamine NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 49 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 49 17 Nilsson Nilsson NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 49 18 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 49 19 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 49 20 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 49 21 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 49 22 1997 1997 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 49 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 49 24 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 50 1 The the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 50 2 ODC ODC NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 50 3 antizyme antizyme NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 50 4 mechanism mechanism NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 50 5 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 50 6 highly highly RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 50 7 conserved conserve VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 50 8 throughout throughout IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 50 9 all all DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 50 10 eukaryotes eukaryote NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 50 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 50 12 Ivanov Ivanov NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 50 13 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 50 14 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 50 15 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 50 16 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 50 17 2000b 2000b CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 50 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 50 19 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 51 1 The the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 51 2 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 51 3 requires require VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 51 4 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 51 5 FIGURE figure NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 51 6 2 2 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 51 7 | | NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 51 8 Main main JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 51 9 sources source NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 51 10 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 51 11 out out RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 51 12 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 51 13 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 51 14 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 51 15 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 51 16 peptides peptide NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 51 17 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 52 1 Regular regular JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 52 2 expression expression NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 52 3 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 52 4 this this DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 52 5 mRNA mrna NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 52 6 with with IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 52 7 translation translation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 52 8 initiating initiate VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 52 9 tRNAmet trnamet PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 52 10 will will MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 52 11 result result VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 52 12 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 52 13 expression expression NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 52 14 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 52 15 peptide peptide NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 52 16 " " '' cord-291727-4wfhuvww 52 17 AUG(0 aug(0 NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 52 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 52 19 " " '' cord-291727-4wfhuvww 53 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 53 2 red red NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 53 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 53 4 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 54 1 Out out IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 54 2 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 54 3 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 54 4 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 54 5 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 54 6 peptides peptide NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 54 7 could could MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 54 8 arise arise VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 54 9 from from IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 54 10 alternative alternative JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 54 11 out out RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 54 12 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 54 13 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 54 14 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 54 15 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 54 16 CUG CUG NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 54 17 or or CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 54 18 AUG AUG NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 54 19 start start NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 54 20 sites site NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 54 21 resulting result VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 54 22 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 54 23 translation translation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 54 24 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 54 25 peptide peptide NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 54 26 " " `` cord-291727-4wfhuvww 54 27 CUG(−1 cug(−1 $ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 54 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 55 1 " " `` cord-291727-4wfhuvww 55 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 55 3 green green JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 55 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 55 5 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 56 1 Alternatively alternatively RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 56 2 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 56 3 −1 −1 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 56 4 or or CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 56 5 +1 +1 HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 56 6 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 56 7 signals signal NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 56 8 within within IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 56 9 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 56 10 original original JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 56 11 reading reading NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 56 12 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 56 13 could could MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 56 14 result result VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 56 15 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 56 16 expression expression NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 56 17 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 56 18 out out IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 56 19 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 56 20 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 56 21 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 56 22 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 56 23 peptides peptide NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 56 24 " " `` cord-291727-4wfhuvww 56 25 AUG(−1 aug(−1 JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 56 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 56 27 " " '' cord-291727-4wfhuvww 56 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 56 29 blue blue JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 56 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 56 31 or or CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 56 32 " " `` cord-291727-4wfhuvww 56 33 AUG(+1 aug(+1 NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 56 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 56 35 " " '' cord-291727-4wfhuvww 56 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 56 37 yellow yellow NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 56 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 56 39 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 56 40 respectively respectively RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 56 41 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 57 1 UGA UGA NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 57 2 stop stop VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 57 3 codon codon NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 57 4 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 57 5 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 57 6 3 3 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 57 7 stem stem NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 57 8 loop loop NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 57 9 that that WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 57 10 forms form VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 57 11 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 57 12 RNA RNA NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 57 13 pseudoknot pseudoknot NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 57 14 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 58 1 These these DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 58 2 RNA RNA NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 58 3 hallmarks hallmark NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 58 4 are be VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 58 5 still still RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 58 6 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 58 7 standard standard JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 58 8 way way NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 58 9 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 58 10 identify identify VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 58 11 other other JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 58 12 +1 +1 HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 58 13 frameshifted frameshifte VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 58 14 proteins protein NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 58 15 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 59 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 59 2 has have VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 59 3 been be VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 59 4 proposed propose VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 59 5 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 59 6 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 59 7 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 59 8 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 59 9 common common JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 59 10 mechanism mechanism NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 59 11 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 59 12 increase increase VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 59 13 protein protein NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 59 14 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 59 15 coding code VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 59 16 capacity capacity NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 59 17 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 59 18 small small JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 59 19 genomes genome NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 59 20 such such JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 59 21 as as IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 59 22 those those DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 59 23 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 59 24 viruses virus NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 59 25 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 59 26 mitochondria mitochondrion NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 59 27 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 60 1 In in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 60 2 agreement agreement NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 60 3 with with IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 60 4 this this DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 60 5 proposal proposal NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 60 6 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 60 7 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 60 8 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 60 9 common common JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 60 10 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 60 11 mitochondrial mitochondrial JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 60 12 genes gene NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 60 13 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 60 14 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 60 15 genome genome NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 60 16 size size NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 60 17 seems seem VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 60 18 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 60 19 correlate correlate VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 60 20 with with IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 60 21 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 60 22 abundance abundance NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 60 23 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 60 24 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 60 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 60 26 Seligmann Seligmann NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 60 27 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 60 28 2010 2010 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 60 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 60 30 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 61 1 In in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 61 2 fact fact NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 61 3 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 61 4 some some DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 61 5 organisms organism NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 61 6 display display VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 61 7 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 61 8 high high JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 61 9 complexity complexity NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 61 10 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 61 11 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 61 12 : : : cord-291727-4wfhuvww 62 1 In in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 62 2 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 62 3 dinoflagellate dinoflagellate NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 62 4 Perkinsus Perkinsus NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 62 5 marinus marinus NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 62 6 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 62 7 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 62 8 mitochondrial mitochondrial JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 62 9 gene gene NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 62 10 that that WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 62 11 encodes encode VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 62 12 cytochrome cytochrome NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 62 13 c c NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 62 14 oxidase oxidase NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 62 15 subunit subunit NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 62 16 1 1 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 62 17 can can MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 62 18 shift shift VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 62 19 up up IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 62 20 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 62 21 10 10 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 62 22 times time NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 62 23 within within IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 62 24 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 62 25 same same JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 62 26 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 62 27 sequence sequence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 62 28 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 62 29 order order NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 62 30 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 62 31 produce produce VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 62 32 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 62 33 correct correct JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 62 34 gene gene NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 62 35 product product NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 62 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 62 37 Masuda Masuda NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 62 38 et et FW cord-291727-4wfhuvww 62 39 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 62 40 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 62 41 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 62 42 2010 2010 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 62 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 62 44 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 63 1 Clearly clearly RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 63 2 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 63 3 such such JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 63 4 complex complex JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 63 5 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 63 6 requires require VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 63 7 efficient efficient JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 63 8 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 63 9 control control NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 63 10 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 64 1 There there EX cord-291727-4wfhuvww 64 2 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 64 3 increasing increase VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 64 4 evidence evidence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 64 5 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 64 6 ribosomal ribosomal JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 64 7 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 64 8 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 64 9 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 64 10 regulated regulated JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 64 11 event event NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 64 12 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 65 1 Several several JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 65 2 enzymatic enzymatic JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 65 3 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 65 4 non non JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 65 5 - - JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 65 6 enzymatic enzymatic JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 65 7 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 65 8 have have VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 65 9 been be VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 65 10 proposed propose VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 65 11 that that DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 65 12 result result NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 65 13 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 65 14 an an DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 65 15 enhancement enhancement NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 65 16 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 65 17 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 65 18 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 66 1 For for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 66 2 instance instance NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 66 3 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 66 4 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 66 5 production production NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 66 6 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 66 7 antizyme antizyme NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 66 8 by by IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 66 9 +1 +1 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 66 10 frameshifting frameshifting NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 66 11 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 66 12 enhanced enhance VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 66 13 by by IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 66 14 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 66 15 end end NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 66 16 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 66 17 products product NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 66 18 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 66 19 ODC ODC NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 66 20 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 66 21 spermine spermine NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 66 22 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 66 23 putrescine putrescine NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 66 24 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 66 25 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 66 26 spermidine spermidine NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 66 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 66 28 Ivanov Ivanov NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 66 29 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 66 30 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 66 31 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 66 32 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 66 33 2000a 2000a CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 66 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 66 35 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 67 1 How how WRB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 67 2 polyamines polyamine NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 67 3 regulate regulate VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 67 4 +1 +1 HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 67 5 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 67 6 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 67 7 not not RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 67 8 well well RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 67 9 understood understand VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 67 10 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 67 11 but but CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 67 12 one one CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 67 13 hypothesis hypothesis NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 67 14 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 67 15 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 67 16 polyamine polyamine NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 67 17 binding bind VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 67 18 to to IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 67 19 RNA RNA NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 67 20 may may MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 67 21 enable enable VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 67 22 read read VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 67 23 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 67 24 through through NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 67 25 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 67 26 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 67 27 termination termination NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 67 28 codon codon NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 67 29 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 68 1 Similar similar JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 68 2 to to IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 68 3 polyamines polyamine NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 68 4 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 68 5 amino amino NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 68 6 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 68 7 glycosides glycoside NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 68 8 such such JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 68 9 as as IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 68 10 gentamicin gentamicin NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 68 11 allow allow VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 68 12 read read VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 68 13 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 68 14 through through NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 68 15 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 68 16 stop stop NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 68 17 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 68 18 codons codon NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 69 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 69 2 Martin Martin NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 69 3 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 69 4 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 69 5 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 70 1 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 70 2 1989 1989 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 70 3 ; ; : cord-291727-4wfhuvww 70 4 Malik Malik NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 70 5 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 70 6 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 70 7 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 70 8 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 70 9 2010 2010 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 70 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 70 11 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 71 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 71 2 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 71 3 not not RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 71 4 clear clear JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 71 5 at at IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 71 6 present present JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 71 7 whether whether IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 71 8 there there EX cord-291727-4wfhuvww 71 9 are be VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 71 10 normal normal JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 71 11 regulator regulator NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 71 12 proteins protein NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 71 13 that that WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 71 14 enhance enhance VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 71 15 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 71 16 efficiencies efficiency NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 71 17 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 72 1 Because because IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 72 2 −1 −1 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 72 3 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 72 4 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 72 5 essential essential JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 72 6 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 72 7 retroviral retroviral JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 72 8 gene gene NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 72 9 expression expression NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 72 10 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 72 11 it -PRON- PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 72 12 has have VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 72 13 been be VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 72 14 proposed propose VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 72 15 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 72 16 chemical chemical JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 72 17 interference interference NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 72 18 with with IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 72 19 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 72 20 would would MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 72 21 be be VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 72 22 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 72 23 good good JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 72 24 anti anti JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 72 25 - - JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 72 26 viral viral JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 72 27 strategy strategy NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 72 28 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 73 1 Recently recently RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 73 2 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 73 3 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 73 4 genome genome NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 73 5 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 73 6 wide wide JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 73 7 screen screen NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 73 8 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 73 9 identify identify VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 73 10 regulators regulator NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 73 11 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 73 12 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 73 13 frameshifting frameshifting NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 73 14 has have VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 73 15 identified identify VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 73 16 eRF1 erf1 RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 73 17 as as IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 73 18 an an DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 73 19 essential essential JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 73 20 host host NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 73 21 gene gene NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 73 22 required require VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 73 23 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 73 24 −1 −1 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 73 25 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 73 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 73 27 Kobayashi Kobayashi NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 73 28 et et FW cord-291727-4wfhuvww 73 29 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 73 30 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 73 31 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 73 32 2010 2010 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 73 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 73 34 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 73 35 suggesting suggest VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 73 36 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 73 37 eRF1 eRF1 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 73 38 may may MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 73 39 be be VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 73 40 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 73 41 good good JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 73 42 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 73 43 target target NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 73 44 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 73 45 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 74 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 74 2 Brakier Brakier NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 74 3 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 74 4 Gingras Gingras NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 74 5 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 74 6 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 74 7 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 74 8 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 74 9 2012 2012 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 74 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 74 11 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 75 1 In in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 75 2 addition addition NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 75 3 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 75 4 it -PRON- PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 75 5 has have VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 75 6 been be VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 75 7 proposed propose VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 75 8 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 75 9 HIV HIV NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 75 10 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 75 11 can can MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 75 12 be be VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 75 13 modulated modulate VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 75 14 by by IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 75 15 protein protein NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 75 16 kinase kinase NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 75 17 R r NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 75 18 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 75 19 as as RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 75 20 well well RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 75 21 as as IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 75 22 by by IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 75 23 factors factor NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 75 24 that that WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 75 25 modulate modulate VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 75 26 translation translation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 75 27 efficiency efficiency NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 75 28 such such JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 75 29 as as IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 75 30 rapamycin rapamycin NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 75 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 75 32 Gendron Gendron NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 75 33 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 75 34 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 75 35 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 75 36 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 75 37 2008 2008 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 75 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 75 39 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 76 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 76 2 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 76 3 annexin annexin NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 76 4 A2 A2 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 76 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 76 6 ANXA2 ANXA2 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 76 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 76 8 can can MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 76 9 bind bind VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 76 10 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 76 11 pseudoknot pseudoknot NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 76 12 structure structure NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 76 13 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 76 14 avian avian JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 76 15 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 76 16 infectious infectious JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 76 17 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 76 18 virus virus NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 76 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 76 20 IBV IBV NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 76 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 76 22 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 76 23 reduce reduce VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 76 24 −1 −1 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 76 25 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 76 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 76 27 Kwak Kwak NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 76 28 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 76 29 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 76 30 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 76 31 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 76 32 2011 2011 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 76 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 76 34 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 77 1 As as IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 77 2 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 77 3 consequence consequence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 77 4 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 77 5 ANXA2 ANXA2 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 77 6 has have VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 77 7 been be VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 77 8 suggested suggest VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 77 9 as as IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 77 10 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 77 11 more more RBR cord-291727-4wfhuvww 77 12 general general JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 77 13 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 77 14 regulator regulator NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 77 15 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 77 16 eukaryotic eukaryotic JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 77 17 cells cell NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 77 18 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 1 Other other JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 2 potential potential JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 3 anti anti JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 4 - - JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 5 viral viral JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 6 agents agent NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 7 could could MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 8 either either CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 9 specifically specifically RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 10 bind bind VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 11 to to IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 12 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 13 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 14 signal signal NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 16 such such JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 17 as as IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 18 antisense antisense NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 19 oligonucleotides oligonucleotide NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 20 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 21 non non JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 22 - - JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 23 coding coding JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 24 RNAs rna NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 25 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 26 or or CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 27 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 28 signal signal NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 29 binding binding NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 30 compounds compound NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 32 or or CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 33 interfere interfere VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 34 with with IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 35 peptidyltransferase peptidyltransferase NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 36 activity activity NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 38 e.g. e.g. RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 39 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 40 anisomycin anisomycin NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 41 or or CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 42 sparsomycin sparsomycin NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 44 or or CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 45 eEF2 eEF2 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 46 activity activity NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 48 e.g. e.g. RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 49 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 50 sordarin sordarin NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 52 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 53 Dinman Dinman NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 54 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 55 2012b 2012b CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 78 57 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 79 1 For for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 79 2 certain certain JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 79 3 diseases disease NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 79 4 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 79 5 however however RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 79 6 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 79 7 it -PRON- PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 79 8 may may MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 79 9 be be VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 79 10 benefitial benefitial JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 79 11 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 79 12 enhance enhance VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 79 13 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 79 14 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 80 1 For for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 80 2 instance instance NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 80 3 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 80 4 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 80 5 monogenetic monogenetic JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 80 6 diseases disease NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 80 7 such such JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 80 8 as as IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 80 9 cystic cystic JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 80 10 fibrosis fibrosis NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 80 11 or or CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 80 12 Duchenne Duchenne NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 80 13 's 's POS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 80 14 muscular muscular JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 80 15 dystrophy dystrophy NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 80 16 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 80 17 where where WRB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 80 18 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 80 19 mutations mutation NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 80 20 result result VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 80 21 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 80 22 premature premature JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 80 23 translation translation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 80 24 termination termination NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 80 25 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 80 26 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 80 27 deliberate deliberate JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 80 28 induction induction NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 80 29 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 80 30 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 80 31 may may MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 80 32 overcome overcome VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 80 33 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 80 34 problem problem NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 80 35 by by IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 80 36 skipping skip VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 80 37 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 80 38 affected affect VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 80 39 sites site NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 80 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 80 41 Aurino Aurino NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 80 42 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 80 43 Nigro Nigro NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 80 44 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 80 45 2006 2006 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 80 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 80 47 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 81 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 81 2 has have VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 81 3 been be VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 81 4 noted note VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 81 5 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 81 6 aminoglycosides aminoglycoside NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 81 7 such such JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 81 8 as as IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 81 9 gentamicin gentamicin NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 81 10 can can MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 81 11 enhance enhance VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 81 12 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 81 13 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 81 14 stop stop VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 81 15 codon codon NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 81 16 read read VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 81 17 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 81 18 through through NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 81 19 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 82 1 Gentamicin gentamicin NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 82 2 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 82 3 induced induce VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 82 4 read read NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 82 5 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 82 6 through through NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 82 7 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 82 8 stop stop NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 82 9 codons codon NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 82 10 has have VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 82 11 been be VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 82 12 evaluated evaluate VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 82 13 as as IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 82 14 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 82 15 treatment treatment NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 82 16 option option NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 82 17 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 82 18 Duchenne Duchenne NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 82 19 's 's POS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 82 20 muscular muscular JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 82 21 dystrophy dystrophy NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 82 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 82 23 Malik Malik NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 82 24 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 82 25 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 82 26 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 82 27 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 82 28 2010 2010 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 82 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 82 30 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 83 1 While while IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 83 2 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 83 3 authors author NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 83 4 conclude conclude VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 83 5 from from IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 83 6 this this DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 83 7 phase phase NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 83 8 I -PRON- PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 83 9 clinical clinical JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 83 10 trial trial NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 83 11 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 83 12 gentamicin gentamicin NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 83 13 may may MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 83 14 not not RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 83 15 be be VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 83 16 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 83 17 good good JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 83 18 treatment treatment NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 83 19 option option NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 83 20 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 83 21 they -PRON- PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 83 22 note note VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 83 23 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 83 24 other other JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 83 25 read read VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 83 26 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 83 27 through through RP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 83 28 agents agent NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 83 29 may may MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 83 30 have have VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 83 31 benefits benefit NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 83 32 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 1 A a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 2 phase phase NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 3 I -PRON- PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 4 / / SYM cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 5 II II NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 6 clinical clinical JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 7 trial trial NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 8 using use VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 9 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 10 morpholino morpholino NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 11 oligomer oligomer NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 13 AVI-4658 AVI-4658 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 15 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 16 correct correct VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 17 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 18 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 19 mutation mutation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 20 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 21 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 22 dystrophin dystrophin NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 23 gene gene NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 24 has have VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 25 been be VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 26 completed complete VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 27 with with IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 28 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 29 conclusion conclusion NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 30 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 31 AVI-4658 AVI-4658 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 32 was be VBD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 33 well well RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 34 tolerated tolerate VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 35 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 36 had have VBD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 37 significant significant JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 38 benefit benefit NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 39 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 40 patients patient NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 41 with with IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 42 Duchenne Duchenne NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 43 's 's POS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 44 muscular muscular JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 45 dystrophy dystrophy NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 47 Cirak Cirak NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 48 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 49 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 50 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 51 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 52 2011 2011 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 84 54 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 85 1 Genome genome NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 85 2 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 85 3 wide wide JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 85 4 analysis analysis NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 85 5 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 85 6 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 85 7 yeast yeast NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 85 8 genome genome NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 86 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 86 2 Jacobs Jacobs NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 86 3 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 86 4 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 86 5 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 86 6 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 86 7 2007 2007 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 86 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 86 9 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 86 10 other other JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 86 11 genomes genome NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 86 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 86 13 Hammell Hammell NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 86 14 et et FW cord-291727-4wfhuvww 86 15 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 86 16 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 86 17 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 86 18 1999 1999 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 86 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 86 20 suggests suggest VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 86 21 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 86 22 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 86 23 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 86 24 more more RBR cord-291727-4wfhuvww 86 25 common common JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 86 26 than than IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 86 27 previously previously RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 86 28 thought think VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 86 29 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 87 1 However however RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 87 2 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 87 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 87 4 has have VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 87 5 been be VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 87 6 proposed propose VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 87 7 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 87 8 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 87 9 may may MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 87 10 predominantly predominantly RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 87 11 serve serve VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 87 12 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 87 13 modulate modulate VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 87 14 RNA RNA NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 87 15 levels level NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 87 16 rather rather RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 87 17 than than IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 87 18 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 87 19 produce produce VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 87 20 frameshifted frameshifte VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 87 21 proteins protein NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 87 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 87 23 Plant Plant NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 87 24 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 87 25 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 87 26 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 87 27 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 87 28 2004 2004 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 87 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 87 30 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 88 1 Evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 88 2 studies study NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 88 3 argue argue VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 88 4 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 88 5 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 88 6 generation generation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 88 7 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 88 8 out out IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 88 9 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 88 10 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 88 11 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 88 12 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 88 13 proteins protein NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 88 14 has have VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 88 15 been be VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 88 16 minimized minimize VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 88 17 by by IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 88 18 codon codon NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 88 19 optimization optimization NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 88 20 that that WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 88 21 results result VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 88 22 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 88 23 non non JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 88 24 - - JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 88 25 functional functional JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 88 26 small small JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 88 27 peptides peptide NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 88 28 rather rather RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 88 29 than than IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 88 30 functional functional JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 88 31 proteins protein NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 89 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 89 2 Bollenbach Bollenbach NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 89 3 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 89 4 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 89 5 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 89 6 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 89 7 2007 2007 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 89 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 89 9 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 90 1 However however RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 90 2 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 90 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 90 4 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 90 5 becoming become VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 90 6 increasingly increasingly RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 90 7 recognized recognize VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 90 8 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 90 9 programmed program VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 90 10 ribosomal ribosomal JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 90 11 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 90 12 can can MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 90 13 result result VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 90 14 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 90 15 peptides peptide NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 90 16 or or CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 90 17 proteins protein NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 90 18 with with IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 90 19 physiological physiological JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 90 20 functions function NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 90 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 90 22 Dinman Dinman NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 90 23 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 90 24 2012a 2012a CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 90 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 90 26 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 91 1 One one CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 91 2 question question NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 91 3 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 91 4 whether whether IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 91 5 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 91 6 compromises compromise NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 91 7 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 91 8 function function NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 91 9 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 91 10 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 91 11 original original JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 91 12 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 91 13 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 92 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 92 2 has have VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 92 3 been be VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 92 4 proposed propose VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 92 5 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 92 6 dual dual JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 92 7 coding coding NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 92 8 limits limit VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 92 9 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 92 10 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 92 11 flexibility flexibility NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 92 12 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 92 13 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 92 14 underlying underlying JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 92 15 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 92 16 sequence sequence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 92 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 92 18 Firth Firth NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 92 19 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 92 20 Brown Brown NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 92 21 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 92 22 2006 2006 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 92 23 ; ; : cord-291727-4wfhuvww 92 24 Rancurel Rancurel NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 92 25 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 92 26 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 92 27 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 92 28 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 92 29 2009 2009 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 92 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 92 31 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 93 1 Thus thus RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 93 2 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 93 3 one one CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 93 4 possibility possibility NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 93 5 may may MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 93 6 be be VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 93 7 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 93 8 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 93 9 occurs occur VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 93 10 predominantly predominantly RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 93 11 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 93 12 highly highly RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 93 13 conserved conserve VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 93 14 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 93 15 essential essential JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 93 16 genes gene NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 93 17 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 94 1 However however RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 94 2 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 94 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 94 4 has have VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 94 5 been be VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 94 6 argued argue VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 94 7 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 94 8 once once RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 94 9 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 94 10 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 94 11 event event NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 94 12 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 94 13 released release VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 94 14 from from IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 94 15 selective selective JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 94 16 pressure pressure NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 94 17 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 94 18 as as IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 94 19 occurs occur NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 94 20 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 94 21 gene gene NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 94 22 duplication duplication NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 94 23 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 94 24 it -PRON- PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 94 25 can can MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 94 26 evolve evolve VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 94 27 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 94 28 produce produce VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 94 29 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 94 30 beneficial beneficial JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 94 31 functional functional JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 94 32 protein protein NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 94 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 94 34 Raes Raes NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 94 35 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 94 36 Van Van NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 94 37 de de NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 94 38 Peer Peer NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 94 39 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 94 40 2005 2005 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 94 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 94 42 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 95 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 95 2 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 95 3 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 95 4 some some DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 95 5 cases case NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 95 6 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 95 7 novel novel JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 95 8 genes gene NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 95 9 seem seem VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 95 10 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 95 11 have have VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 95 12 emerged emerge VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 95 13 by by IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 95 14 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 95 15 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 95 16 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 95 17 pre pre JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 95 18 - - JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 95 19 existing existing JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 95 20 coding code VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 95 21 sequence sequence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 95 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 95 23 Ohno Ohno NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 95 24 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 95 25 1984 1984 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 95 26 ; ; : cord-291727-4wfhuvww 95 27 Ranz Ranz NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 95 28 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 95 29 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 95 30 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 95 31 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 95 32 2003 2003 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 95 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 95 34 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 96 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 96 2 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 96 3 regulated regulated JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 96 4 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 96 5 can can MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 96 6 allow allow VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 96 7 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 96 8 same same JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 96 9 gene gene NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 96 10 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 96 11 produce produce VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 96 12 alternative alternative JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 96 13 beneficial beneficial JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 96 14 proteins protein NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 96 15 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 97 1 In in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 97 2 fact fact NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 97 3 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 97 4 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 97 5 studies study NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 97 6 indicate indicate VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 97 7 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 97 8 high high JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 97 9 abundance abundance NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 97 10 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 97 11 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 97 12 events event NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 97 13 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 97 14 human human NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 97 15 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 97 16 mouse mouse NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 97 17 genomes genome NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 97 18 that that WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 97 19 may may MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 97 20 be be VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 97 21 linked link VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 97 22 to to IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 97 23 an an DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 97 24 increased increase VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 97 25 usage usage NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 97 26 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 97 27 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 97 28 opal opal JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 97 29 TGA TGA NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 97 30 stop stop VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 97 31 codon codon NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 98 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 98 2 Okamura Okamura NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 98 3 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 98 4 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 98 5 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 98 6 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 98 7 2006 2006 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 98 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 98 9 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 99 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 99 2 has have VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 99 3 been be VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 99 4 proposed propose VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 99 5 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 99 6 at at RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 99 7 least least RBS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 99 8 1 1 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 99 9 % % NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 99 10 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 99 11 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 99 12 human human JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 99 13 genome genome NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 99 14 consists consist VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 99 15 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 99 16 dual dual JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 99 17 coding coding NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 99 18 regions region NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 99 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 99 20 Michel Michel NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 99 21 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 99 22 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 99 23 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 99 24 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 99 25 2012 2012 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 99 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 99 27 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 99 28 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 99 29 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 99 30 number number NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 99 31 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 99 32 out out IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 99 33 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 99 34 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 99 35 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 99 36 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 99 37 peptides peptide NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 99 38 or or CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 99 39 proteins protein NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 99 40 may may MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 99 41 be be VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 99 42 even even RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 99 43 higher high JJR cord-291727-4wfhuvww 99 44 than than IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 99 45 that that DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 99 46 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 100 1 Other other JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 100 2 studies study NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 100 3 have have VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 100 4 suggested suggest VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 100 5 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 100 6 ∼10 ∼10 NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 100 7 % % NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 100 8 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 100 9 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 100 10 genome genome NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 100 11 contains contain VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 100 12 −1 −1 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 100 13 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 100 14 signals signal NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 100 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 101 1 Belew Belew NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 101 2 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 101 3 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 101 4 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 102 1 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 102 2 2011 2011 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 102 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 102 4 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 103 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 103 2 would would MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 103 3 argue argue VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 103 4 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 103 5 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 103 6 number number NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 103 7 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 103 8 frameshifted frameshifte VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 103 9 peptides peptide NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 103 10 or or CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 103 11 proteins protein NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 103 12 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 103 13 somewhere somewhere RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 103 14 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 103 15 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 103 16 range range NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 103 17 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 103 18 1 1 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 103 19 - - SYM cord-291727-4wfhuvww 103 20 10 10 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 103 21 % % NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 103 22 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 103 23 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 103 24 genome genome NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 103 25 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 104 1 This this DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 104 2 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 104 3 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 104 4 very very RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 104 5 significant significant JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 104 6 fraction fraction NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 104 7 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 104 8 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 104 9 genome genome NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 104 10 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 104 11 thus thus RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 104 12 suggesting suggest VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 104 13 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 104 14 out out IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 104 15 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 104 16 offrame offrame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 104 17 peptides peptide NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 104 18 are be VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 104 19 an an DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 104 20 inherent inherent JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 104 21 part part NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 104 22 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 104 23 animal animal NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 104 24 physiology physiology NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 104 25 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 104 26 part part NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 104 27 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 104 28 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 104 29 selection selection NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 104 30 processes process NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 104 31 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 105 1 Accordingly accordingly RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 105 2 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 105 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 105 4 can can MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 105 5 be be VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 105 6 anticipated anticipate VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 105 7 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 105 8 dual dual JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 105 9 coding coding NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 105 10 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 105 11 regulated regulate VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 105 12 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 105 13 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 105 14 common common JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 105 15 mechanism mechanism NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 105 16 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 105 17 producing produce VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 105 18 additional additional JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 105 19 gene gene NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 105 20 products product NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 105 21 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 106 1 The the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 106 2 main main JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 106 3 questions question NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 106 4 are be VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 106 5 : : : cord-291727-4wfhuvww 106 6 1 1 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 106 7 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 107 1 What what WP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 107 2 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 107 3 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 107 4 sequence sequence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 107 5 or or CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 107 6 structural structural JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 107 7 motif motif NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 107 8 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 107 9 dual dual JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 107 10 coding coding NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 107 11 ? ? . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 108 1 2 2 LS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 108 2 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 109 1 What what WP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 109 2 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 109 3 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 109 4 identity identity NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 109 5 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 109 6 all all DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 109 7 dual dual RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 109 8 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 109 9 coding code VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 109 10 genes gene NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 109 11 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 109 12 out out RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 109 13 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 109 14 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 109 15 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 109 16 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 109 17 proteins protein NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 109 18 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 109 19 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 109 20 genome genome NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 109 21 ? ? . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 110 1 3 3 LS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 110 2 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 111 1 How how WRB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 111 2 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 111 3 dual dual JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 111 4 coding code VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 111 5 regulated regulate VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 111 6 ? ? . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 112 1 To to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 112 2 answer answer VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 112 3 these these DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 112 4 questions question NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 112 5 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 112 6 we -PRON- PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 112 7 need need VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 112 8 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 112 9 look look VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 112 10 at at IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 112 11 commonly commonly RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 112 12 used use VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 112 13 methods method NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 112 14 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 112 15 identify identify VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 112 16 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 112 17 events event NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 112 18 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 112 19 out out RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 112 20 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 112 21 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 112 22 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 112 23 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 112 24 peptides peptide NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 112 25 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 112 26 proteins protein NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 112 27 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 113 1 Soon soon RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 113 2 after after IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 113 3 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 113 4 discovery discovery NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 113 5 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 113 6 programmed program VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 113 7 ribosomal ribosomal JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 113 8 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 113 9 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 113 10 it -PRON- PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 113 11 was be VBD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 113 12 proposed propose VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 113 13 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 113 14 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 113 15 may may MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 113 16 be be VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 113 17 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 113 18 common common JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 113 19 mechanism mechanism NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 113 20 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 113 21 dual dual JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 113 22 decoding decoding NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 113 23 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 113 24 genetic genetic JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 113 25 information information NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 113 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 113 27 Dinman Dinman NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 113 28 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 113 29 2012a 2012a CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 113 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 113 31 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 114 1 The the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 114 2 existence existence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 114 3 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 114 4 an an DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 114 5 alternative alternative JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 114 6 genome genome NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 114 7 has have VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 114 8 been be VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 114 9 postulated postulate VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 114 10 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 114 11 but but CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 114 12 it -PRON- PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 114 13 has have VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 114 14 remained remain VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 114 15 difficult difficult JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 114 16 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 114 17 identify identify VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 114 18 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 115 1 Most Most JJS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 115 2 methods method NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 115 3 aim aim VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 115 4 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 115 5 identify identify VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 115 6 frameshifting frameshifting JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 115 7 events event NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 115 8 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 115 9 but but CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 115 10 very very RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 115 11 few few JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 115 12 can can MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 115 13 determine determine VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 115 14 which which WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 115 15 produce produce VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 115 16 functional functional JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 115 17 out out RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 115 18 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 115 19 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 115 20 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 115 21 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 115 22 gene gene NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 115 23 products product NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 115 24 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 116 1 A a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 116 2 summary summary NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 116 3 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 116 4 methods method NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 116 5 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 116 6 identify identify VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 116 7 frameshifting frameshifting JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 116 8 events event NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 116 9 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 116 10 mRNAs mrnas CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 116 11 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 116 12 out out RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 116 13 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 116 14 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 116 15 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 116 16 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 116 17 products product NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 116 18 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 116 19 schematically schematically RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 116 20 shown show VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 116 21 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 116 22 Figure figure NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 116 23 3 3 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 116 24 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 117 1 Computational computational JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 117 2 prediction prediction NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 117 3 has have VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 117 4 proven prove VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 117 5 very very RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 117 6 useful useful JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 117 7 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 1 First first RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 2 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 3 one one PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 4 has have VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 5 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 6 identify identify VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 7 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 8 mRNAs mRNAs NNPS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 9 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 10 requirements requirement NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 11 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 12 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 13 productive productive JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 14 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 15 peptide peptide NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 16 : : : cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 17 One one PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 18 might may MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 19 argue argue VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 20 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 21 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 22 slippery slippery JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 23 sequence sequence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 24 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 25 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 26 pseudoknot pseudoknot NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 27 are be VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 28 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 29 good good JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 30 predictor predictor NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 31 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 32 frameshifting frameshifting JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 33 events event NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 34 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 35 but but CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 36 - - : cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 37 as as RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 38 pointed point VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 39 out out RP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 40 above above RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 41 - - : cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 42 there there EX cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 43 are be VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 44 alternative alternative JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 45 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 46 that that WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 47 result result VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 48 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 49 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 50 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 51 see see VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 52 also also RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 53 Figure figure NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 54 2 2 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 55 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 118 56 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 119 1 For for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 119 2 identification identification NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 119 3 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 119 4 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 119 5 frameshifted frameshifted JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 119 6 products product NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 119 7 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 119 8 I -PRON- PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 119 9 propose propose VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 119 10 three three CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 119 11 hallmarks hallmark NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 119 12 : : : cord-291727-4wfhuvww 119 13 first first RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 119 14 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 119 15 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 119 16 presence presence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 119 17 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 119 18 an an DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 119 19 initiation initiation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 119 20 triplet triplet NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 119 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 119 22 AUG AUG NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 119 23 or or CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 119 24 CUG CUG NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 119 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 119 26 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 119 27 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 119 28 stop stop NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 119 29 codon codon NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 119 30 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 119 31 +1 +1 HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 119 32 or or CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 119 33 −1 −1 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 119 34 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 119 35 ; ; : cord-291727-4wfhuvww 119 36 second second RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 119 37 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 119 38 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 119 39 stable stable JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 119 40 peptide peptide NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 119 41 that that WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 119 42 follows follow VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 119 43 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 119 44 50-nt 50-nt CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 119 45 rule rule NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 119 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 119 47 Nagy Nagy NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 119 48 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 119 49 Maquat Maquat NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 119 50 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 119 51 1998 1998 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 119 52 ; ; : cord-291727-4wfhuvww 120 1 Hillman Hillman NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 120 2 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 120 3 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 120 4 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 120 5 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 120 6 2004 2004 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 120 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 120 8 ; ; : cord-291727-4wfhuvww 120 9 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 120 10 third third RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 120 11 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 120 12 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 120 13 validation validation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 120 14 that that WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 120 15 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 120 16 peptide peptide NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 120 17 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 120 18 endogenously endogenously RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 120 19 expressed express VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 120 20 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 121 1 Validation validation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 121 2 can can MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 121 3 be be VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 121 4 done do VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 121 5 by by IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 121 6 low low JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 121 7 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 121 8 throughput throughput NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 121 9 experimental experimental JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 121 10 methods method NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 121 11 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 121 12 either either CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 121 13 using use VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 121 14 antibodies antibody NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 121 15 raised raise VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 121 16 against against IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 121 17 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 121 18 frameshifted frameshifte VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 121 19 protein protein NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 121 20 or or CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 121 21 using use VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 121 22 genetic genetic JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 121 23 manipulations manipulation NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 121 24 that that WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 121 25 ablate ablate VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 121 26 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 121 27 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 121 28 protein protein NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 121 29 without without IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 121 30 disrupting disrupt VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 121 31 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 121 32 zero zero CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 121 33 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 121 34 protein protein NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 121 35 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 121 36 if if IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 121 37 possible possible JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 121 38 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 122 1 To to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 122 2 identify identify VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 122 3 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 122 4 on on IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 122 5 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 122 6 genome genome NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 122 7 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 122 8 wide wide JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 122 9 scale scale NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 122 10 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 122 11 higher high JJR cord-291727-4wfhuvww 122 12 throughput throughput NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 122 13 approaches approach NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 122 14 can can MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 122 15 be be VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 122 16 applied apply VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 122 17 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 122 18 such such JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 122 19 as as IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 122 20 genomic genomic JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 122 21 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 122 22 phenotypic phenotypic JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 122 23 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 122 24 or or CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 122 25 proteomic proteomic JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 122 26 screening screening NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 122 27 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 123 1 Several several JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 123 2 databases database NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 123 3 have have VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 123 4 been be VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 123 5 created create VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 123 6 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 123 7 help help VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 123 8 predict predict VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 123 9 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 123 10 sequences sequence NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 123 11 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 123 12 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 123 13 genome genome NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 123 14 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 124 1 Such such JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 124 2 predictions prediction NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 124 3 are be VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 124 4 based base VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 124 5 on on IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 124 6 primary primary JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 124 7 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 124 8 sequence sequence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 124 9 stretches stretch VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 124 10 or or CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 124 11 on on IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 124 12 secondary secondary JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 124 13 hairpins hairpin NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 124 14 or or CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 124 15 pseudo pseudo JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 124 16 - - NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 124 17 knots knot NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 124 18 within within IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 124 19 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 124 20 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 124 21 sequence sequence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 124 22 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 125 1 For for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 125 2 instance instance NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 125 3 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 125 4 Hammell Hammell NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 125 5 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 125 6 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 125 7 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 125 8 searched search VBD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 125 9 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 125 10 genome genome NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 125 11 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 125 12 slippery slippery JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 125 13 sequences sequence NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 125 14 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 125 15 pseudoknot pseudoknot NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 125 16 FIGURE FIGURE NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 125 17 3 3 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 125 18 | | NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 125 19 Methods Methods NNPS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 125 20 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 125 21 detect detect VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 125 22 frameshifting frameshifting JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 125 23 events event NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 125 24 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 125 25 out out RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 125 26 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 125 27 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 125 28 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 125 29 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 125 30 peptides peptide NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 125 31 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 126 1 Computational computational JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 126 2 methods method NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 126 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 126 4 1 1 LS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 126 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 126 6 using use VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 126 7 databases database NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 126 8 that that WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 126 9 interrogate interrogate VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 126 10 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 126 11 genome genome NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 126 12 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 126 13 −1 −1 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 126 14 or or CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 126 15 +1 +1 HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 126 16 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 126 17 motifs motif NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 126 18 can can MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 126 19 give give VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 126 20 information information NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 126 21 about about IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 126 22 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 126 23 events event NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 126 24 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 127 1 Limitations limitation NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 127 2 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 127 3 this this DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 127 4 approach approach NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 127 5 are be VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 127 6 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 127 7 only only RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 127 8 known know VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 127 9 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 127 10 motifs motif NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 127 11 are be VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 127 12 taken take VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 127 13 into into IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 127 14 account account NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 127 15 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 128 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 128 2 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 128 3 this this DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 128 4 method method NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 128 5 does do VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 128 6 not not RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 128 7 give give VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 128 8 any any DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 128 9 information information NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 128 10 whether whether IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 128 11 predicted predict VBD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 128 12 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 128 13 events event NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 128 14 occur occur VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 128 15 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 128 16 vivo vivo NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 128 17 or or CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 128 18 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 128 19 functional functional JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 128 20 relevance relevance NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 128 21 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 128 22 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 128 23 events event NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 128 24 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 129 1 Experimental experimental JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 129 2 methods method NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 129 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 129 4 2 2 LS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 129 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 129 6 can can MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 129 7 identify identify VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 129 8 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 129 9 events event NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 129 10 that that WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 129 11 occur occur VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 129 12 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 129 13 vivo vivo NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 129 14 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 130 1 Most most RBS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 130 2 commonly commonly RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 130 3 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 130 4 an an DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 130 5 antibody antibody NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 130 6 that that WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 130 7 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 130 8 specific specific JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 130 9 to to IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 130 10 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 130 11 out out JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 130 12 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 130 13 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 130 14 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 130 15 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 130 16 sequence sequence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 130 17 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 130 18 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 130 19 frameshifted frameshifted JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 130 20 protein protein NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 130 21 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 130 22 used use VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 130 23 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 130 24 detect detect VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 130 25 frameshifted frameshifted JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 130 26 proteins protein NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 130 27 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 131 1 Ribosome ribosome NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 131 2 profiling profiling NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 131 3 methods method NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 131 4 such such JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 131 5 as as IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 131 6 Ribo Ribo NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 131 7 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 131 8 Seq Seq NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 131 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 131 10 3 3 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 131 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 131 12 can can MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 131 13 be be VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 131 14 used use VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 131 15 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 131 16 detect detect VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 131 17 out out RP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 131 18 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 131 19 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 131 20 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 131 21 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 131 22 peptides peptide NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 131 23 on on IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 131 24 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 131 25 genomic genomic JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 131 26 scale scale NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 131 27 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 131 28 cDNA cdna NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 131 29 screening screening NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 131 30 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 131 31 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 131 32 use use NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 131 33 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 131 34 tandem tandem JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 131 35 luciferase luciferase NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 131 36 reporter reporter NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 131 37 constructs construct NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 131 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 131 39 4 4 LS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 131 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 131 41 can can MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 131 42 be be VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 131 43 used use VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 131 44 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 131 45 experimentally experimentally RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 131 46 detect detect VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 131 47 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 131 48 events event NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 131 49 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 132 1 Limitations limitation NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 132 2 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 132 3 this this DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 132 4 approach approach NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 132 5 are be VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 132 6 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 132 7 overexpression overexpression NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 132 8 may may MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 132 9 result result VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 132 10 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 132 11 dysregulated dysregulated JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 132 12 expression expression NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 132 13 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 132 14 differences difference NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 132 15 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 132 16 translation translation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 132 17 compared compare VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 132 18 to to IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 132 19 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 132 20 expression expression NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 132 21 levels level NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 132 22 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 133 1 Proteomic proteomic JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 133 2 methods method NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 133 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 133 4 5 5 LS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 133 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 133 6 using use VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 133 7 mass mass NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 133 8 spectrometry spectrometry NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 133 9 are be VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 133 10 suitable suitable JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 133 11 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 133 12 detect detect VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 133 13 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 133 14 out out RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 133 15 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 133 16 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 133 17 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 133 18 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 133 19 peptides peptide NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 133 20 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 134 1 However however RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 134 2 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 134 3 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 134 4 levels level NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 134 5 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 134 6 frameshifted frameshifte VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 134 7 proteins protein NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 134 8 may may MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 134 9 be be VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 134 10 low low JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 134 11 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 134 12 escape escape VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 134 13 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 134 14 detection detection NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 134 15 limit limit NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 134 16 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 135 1 A a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 135 2 combination combination NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 135 3 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 135 4 these these DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 135 5 methods method NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 135 6 may may MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 135 7 provide provide VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 135 8 most most RBS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 135 9 suitable suitable JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 135 10 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 135 11 identify identify VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 135 12 out out RP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 135 13 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 135 14 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 135 15 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 135 16 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 135 17 proteins protein NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 135 18 on on IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 135 19 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 135 20 genome genome NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 135 21 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 135 22 wide wide JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 135 23 scale scale NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 135 24 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 136 1 See see VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 136 2 text text NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 136 3 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 136 4 details detail NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 136 5 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 137 1 structures structure NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 137 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 137 3 Hammell Hammell NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 137 4 et et FW cord-291727-4wfhuvww 137 5 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 137 6 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 137 7 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 137 8 1999 1999 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 137 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 137 10 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 138 1 This this DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 138 2 approach approach NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 138 3 identified identify VBD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 138 4 over over IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 138 5 200 200 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 138 6 putative putative JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 138 7 programmed program VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 138 8 ribosomal ribosomal JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 138 9 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 138 10 events event NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 138 11 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 139 1 For for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 139 2 identification identification NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 139 3 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 139 4 pseudoknots pseudoknot NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 139 5 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 139 6 slippery slippery JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 139 7 sequences sequence NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 139 8 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 139 9 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 139 10 genome genome NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 139 11 databases database NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 139 12 such such JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 139 13 as as IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 139 14 RECODE RECODE NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 139 15 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 139 16 KnotInFrame KnotInFrame NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 139 17 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 139 18 PRFdb PRFdb NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 139 19 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 139 20 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 139 21 FSdB fsdb NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 139 22 are be VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 139 23 very very RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 139 24 useful useful JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 139 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 139 26 Table table NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 139 27 1 1 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 139 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 139 29 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 140 1 RECODE RECODE NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 140 2 provides provide VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 140 3 information information NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 140 4 about about IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 140 5 programmed program VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 140 6 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 140 7 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 140 8 read read VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 140 9 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 140 10 through through NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 140 11 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 140 12 bypassing bypass VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 140 13 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 140 14 based base VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 140 15 on on IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 140 16 published publish VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 140 17 results result NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 140 18 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 140 19 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 140 20 literature literature NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 141 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 141 2 Baranov Baranov NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 141 3 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 141 4 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 141 5 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 141 6 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 141 7 2001 2001 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 141 8 ; ; : cord-291727-4wfhuvww 141 9 Bekaert Bekaert NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 141 10 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 141 11 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 141 12 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 141 13 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 141 14 2010 2010 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 141 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 141 16 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 142 1 The the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 142 2 database database NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 142 3 utilizes utilize VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 142 4 information information NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 142 5 from from IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 142 6 ∼1500 ∼1500 VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 142 7 known know VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 142 8 frameshifted frameshifte VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 142 9 gene gene NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 142 10 products product NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 142 11 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 143 1 A a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 143 2 majority majority NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 143 3 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 143 4 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 143 5 data datum NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 143 6 on on IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 143 7 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 143 8 comes come VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 143 9 from from IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 143 10 two two CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 143 11 frameshifted frameshifte VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 143 12 proteins protein NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 143 13 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 143 14 RF2 RF2 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 143 15 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 143 16 antizyme antizyme NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 143 17 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 143 18 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 143 19 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 143 20 constantly constantly RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 143 21 updated update VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 143 22 using use VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 143 23 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 143 24 respective respective JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 143 25 prediction prediction NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 143 26 tools tool NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 143 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 143 28 ARFA ARFA NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 143 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 143 30 Bekaert Bekaert NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 143 31 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 143 32 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 143 33 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 143 34 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 143 35 2006 2006 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 143 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 143 37 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 143 38 OAF OAF NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 143 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 143 40 Bekaert Bekaert NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 143 41 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 143 42 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 143 43 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 143 44 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 143 45 2008 2008 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 143 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 143 47 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 143 48 respectively respectively RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 143 49 ] ] -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 143 50 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 144 1 PseudoViewer PseudoViewer NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 144 2 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 144 3 used use VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 144 4 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 144 5 visualization visualization NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 144 6 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 144 7 pseudoknot pseudoknot NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 144 8 structures structure NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 144 9 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 145 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 145 2 http://recode.ucc.ie http://recode.ucc.ie NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 145 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 145 4 KnotInFrame KnotInFrame NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 145 5 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 145 6 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 145 7 program program NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 145 8 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 145 9 predicting predict VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 145 10 sites site NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 145 11 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 145 12 −1 −1 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 145 13 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 145 14 based base VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 145 15 on on IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 145 16 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 145 17 formation formation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 145 18 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 145 19 RNA RNA NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 145 20 pseudoknots pseudoknot NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 145 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 145 22 Theis Theis NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 145 23 et et FW cord-291727-4wfhuvww 145 24 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 145 25 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 145 26 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 145 27 2008 2008 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 145 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 145 29 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 146 1 The the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 146 2 authors author NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 146 3 have have VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 146 4 developed develop VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 146 5 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 146 6 specialized specialized JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 146 7 RNAfolding rnafolde VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 146 8 program program NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 146 9 called call VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 146 10 pknotsRG pknotsRG NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 146 11 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 146 12 fs fs NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 146 13 that that WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 146 14 compares compare VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 146 15 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 146 16 minimal minimal JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 146 17 free free JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 146 18 energy energy NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 146 19 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 146 20 an an DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 146 21 enforced enforce VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 146 22 pseudoknot pseudoknot NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 146 23 structure structure NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 146 24 to to IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 146 25 that that DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 146 26 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 146 27 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 146 28 freely freely RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 146 29 folded fold VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 146 30 structure structure NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 146 31 such such JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 146 32 as as IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 146 33 that that DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 146 34 given give VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 146 35 by by IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 146 36 RNAfold RNAfold NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 146 37 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 147 1 The the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 147 2 spacer spacer NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 147 3 region region NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 147 4 after after IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 147 5 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 147 6 common common JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 147 7 slippery slippery JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 147 8 sequence sequence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 147 9 X x NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 147 10 XXY XXY NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 147 11 YYZ YYZ NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 147 12 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 147 13 between between IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 147 14 1 1 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 147 15 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 147 16 12 12 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 147 17 nt nt RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 147 18 long long RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 147 19 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 148 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 148 2 http://bibiserv.techfak.uni-bielefeld.de/knotinframe http://bibiserv.techfak.uni-bielefeld.de/knotinframe NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 148 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 148 4 PRFdb PRFdb NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 148 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 148 6 http://prfdb http://prfdb NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 148 7 / / SYM cord-291727-4wfhuvww 148 8 umd.edu/ umd.edu/ NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 148 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 148 10 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 148 11 limited limit VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 148 12 to to IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 148 13 −1 −1 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 148 14 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 148 15 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 148 16 eukaryotes eukaryote NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 148 17 only only RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 148 18 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 149 1 Again again RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 149 2 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 149 3 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 149 4 prediction prediction NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 149 5 if if IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 149 6 based base VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 149 7 on on IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 149 8 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 149 9 presence presence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 149 10 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 149 11 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 149 12 heptameric heptameric JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 149 13 slippery slippery JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 149 14 sequence sequence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 149 15 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 149 16 combination combination NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 149 17 with with IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 149 18 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 149 19 pseudoknot pseudoknot NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 149 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 149 21 Jacobs Jacobs NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 149 22 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 149 23 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 149 24 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 149 25 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 149 26 2007 2007 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 149 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 149 28 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 150 1 The the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 150 2 slippery slippery JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 150 3 sequence sequence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 150 4 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 150 5 modeled model VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 150 6 with with IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 150 7 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 150 8 1 1 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 150 9 - - SYM cord-291727-4wfhuvww 150 10 8 8 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 150 11 nt nt RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 150 12 spacer spacer NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 150 13 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 150 14 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 150 15 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 150 16 pseudoknot pseudoknot NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 150 17 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 150 18 identified identify VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 150 19 using use VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 150 20 RNAMotif rnamotif NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 150 21 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 151 1 The the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 151 2 pseudoknot pseudoknot NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 151 3 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 151 4 then then RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 151 5 further further RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 151 6 confirmed confirm VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 151 7 with with IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 151 8 other other JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 151 9 secondary secondary JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 151 10 RNA rna NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 151 11 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 151 12 structure structure NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 151 13 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 151 14 prediction prediction NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 151 15 tools tool NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 151 16 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 151 17 including include VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 151 18 Pknots Pknots NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 151 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 151 20 Rivas Rivas NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 151 21 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 151 22 Eddy Eddy NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 151 23 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 151 24 1999 1999 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 151 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 151 26 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 151 27 Nupack Nupack NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 151 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 151 29 Dirks Dirks NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 151 30 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 151 31 Pierce Pierce NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 151 32 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 151 33 2004 2004 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 151 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 151 35 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 151 36 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 151 37 HotKnots HotKnots NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 151 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 151 39 Ren Ren NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 151 40 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 151 41 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 151 42 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 151 43 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 151 44 2005 2005 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 151 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 151 46 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 152 1 The the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 152 2 Frameshift Frameshift NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 152 3 Signal Signal NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 152 4 Database Database NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 152 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 152 6 FSDB FSDB NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 152 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 152 8 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 152 9 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 152 10 compilation compilation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 152 11 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 152 12 all all DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 152 13 known know VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 152 14 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 152 15 motifs motif NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 152 16 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 152 17 plus plus CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 152 18 some some DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 152 19 reported report VBD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 152 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 152 21 predicted predict VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 152 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 153 1 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 153 2 sequences sequence NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 154 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 154 2 Moon Moon NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 154 3 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 154 4 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 154 5 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 154 6 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 154 7 2007 2007 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 154 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 154 9 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 155 1 Based base VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 155 2 on on IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 155 3 commonalities commonality NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 155 4 between between IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 155 5 these these DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 155 6 sequences sequence NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 155 7 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 155 8 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 155 9 associated associate VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 155 10 FSFinder FSFinder NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 155 11 allows allow VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 155 12 mining mining NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 155 13 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 155 14 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 155 15 genome genome NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 155 16 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 155 17 potential potential JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 155 18 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 155 19 sequences sequence NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 155 20 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 156 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 156 2 http:// http:// NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 156 3 wilab.inha.ac.kr/fsdb wilab.inha.ac.kr/fsdb NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 156 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 157 1 At at IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 157 2 present present NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 157 3 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 157 4 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 157 5 database database NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 157 6 contains contain VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 157 7 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 157 8 total total NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 157 9 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 157 10 63 63 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 157 11 experimental experimental JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 157 12 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 157 13 190 190 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 157 14 predicted predict VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 157 15 sequences sequence NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 157 16 from from IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 157 17 viruses virus NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 157 18 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 157 19 prokaryotes prokaryote NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 157 20 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 157 21 eukaryotes eukaryote NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 157 22 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 158 1 FSFinder FSFinder NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 158 2 uses use VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 158 3 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 158 4 combination combination NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 158 5 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 158 6 slippery slippery JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 158 7 sequences sequence NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 158 8 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 158 9 pseudoknot pseudoknot NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 158 10 or or CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 158 11 stem stem NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 158 12 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 158 13 loop loop NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 158 14 prediction prediction NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 158 15 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 159 1 The the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 159 2 heptameric heptameric JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 159 3 slippery slippery JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 159 4 sequences sequence NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 159 5 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 159 6 +1 +1 HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 159 7 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 159 8 −1 −1 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 159 9 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 159 10 are be VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 159 11 Frontiers Frontiers NNPS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 159 12 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 159 13 Genetics Genetics NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 159 14 | | NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 159 15 Genomic Genomic NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 159 16 Assay Assay NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 159 17 Technology Technology NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 160 1 November November NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 160 2 2012 2012 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 160 3 | | NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 160 4 Volume Volume NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 160 5 3 3 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 160 6 | | NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 160 7 Article Article NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 160 8 242 242 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 160 9 | | SYM cord-291727-4wfhuvww 160 10 4 4 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 160 11 listed list VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 160 12 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 160 13 Table Table NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 160 14 2 2 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 160 15 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 161 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 161 2 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 161 3 noteworthy noteworthy JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 161 4 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 161 5 FSDB FSDB NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 161 6 includes include VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 161 7 deviations deviation NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 161 8 from from IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 161 9 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 161 10 standard standard JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 161 11 X X NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 161 12 XXY XXY NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 161 13 YYZ YYZ NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 161 14 slippery slippery JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 161 15 sequence sequence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 161 16 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 161 17 prediction prediction NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 161 18 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 161 19 −1 −1 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 161 20 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 161 21 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 161 22 whereas whereas IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 161 23 +1 +1 HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 161 24 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 161 25 sequences sequence NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 161 26 often often RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 161 27 contain contain VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 161 28 stop stop NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 161 29 codons codon NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 161 30 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 162 1 Although although IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 162 2 most most JJS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 162 3 prediction prediction NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 162 4 databases database NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 162 5 use use VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 162 6 similar similar JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 162 7 principles principle NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 162 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 162 9 slippery slippery JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 162 10 sequence sequence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 162 11 plus plus CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 162 12 pseudoknot pseudoknot NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 162 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 162 14 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 162 15 they -PRON- PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 162 16 differ differ VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 162 17 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 162 18 prediction prediction NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 162 19 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 162 20 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 162 21 events event NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 162 22 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 163 1 This this DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 163 2 may may MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 163 3 be be VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 163 4 due due JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 163 5 to to IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 163 6 variable variable JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 163 7 thresholds threshold NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 163 8 applied apply VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 163 9 or or CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 163 10 different different JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 163 11 RNA rna NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 163 12 folding fold VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 163 13 algorithms algorithm NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 163 14 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 164 1 In in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 164 2 order order NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 164 3 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 164 4 identify identify VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 164 5 expressed express VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 164 6 proteins protein NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 164 7 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 164 8 one one PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 164 9 has have VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 164 10 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 164 11 consider consider VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 164 12 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 164 13 length length NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 164 14 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 164 15 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 164 16 predicted predict VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 164 17 out out NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 164 18 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 164 19 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 164 20 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 164 21 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 164 22 protein protein NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 164 23 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 165 1 Most Most JJS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 165 2 frameshifted frameshifte VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 165 3 proteins protein NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 165 4 initiated initiate VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 165 5 by by IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 165 6 predicted predict VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 165 7 slippery slippery JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 165 8 sites site NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 165 9 will will MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 165 10 terminate terminate VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 165 11 within within IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 165 12 5 5 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 165 13 - - SYM cord-291727-4wfhuvww 165 14 10 10 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 165 15 codons codon NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 165 16 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 165 17 thus thus RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 165 18 producing produce VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 165 19 truncated truncated JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 165 20 or or CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 165 21 non non JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 165 22 - - JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 165 23 functional functional JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 165 24 peptides peptide NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 165 25 or or CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 165 26 proteins protein NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 165 27 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 166 1 Alternative alternative JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 166 2 approaches approach NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 166 3 that that WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 166 4 take take VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 166 5 out out RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 166 6 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 166 7 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 166 8 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 166 9 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 166 10 protein protein NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 166 11 length length NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 166 12 into into IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 166 13 account account NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 166 14 might may MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 166 15 be be VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 166 16 beneficial beneficial JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 166 17 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 167 1 For for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 167 2 instance instance NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 167 3 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 167 4 MLOGD MLOGD NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 167 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 167 6 http:// http:// NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 167 7 guinevere.otago.ac.nz/aef/MLOGD/ guinevere.otago.ac.nz/aef/MLOGD/ NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 167 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 167 9 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 167 10 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 167 11 program program NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 167 12 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 167 13 detection detection NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 167 14 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 167 15 overlapping overlap VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 167 16 coding coding NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 167 17 sequences sequence NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 167 18 based base VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 167 19 on on IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 167 20 sequence sequence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 167 21 alignments alignment NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 167 22 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 167 23 analysis analysis NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 167 24 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 167 25 mutation mutation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 167 26 patterns pattern NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 167 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 167 28 Firth Firth NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 167 29 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 167 30 Brown Brown NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 167 31 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 167 32 2006 2006 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 167 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 167 34 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 168 1 The the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 168 2 limitations limitation NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 168 3 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 168 4 this this DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 168 5 approach approach NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 168 6 are be VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 168 7 that that DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 168 8 less less RBR cord-291727-4wfhuvww 168 9 conserved conserved JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 168 10 coding coding NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 168 11 sequences sequence NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 168 12 will will MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 168 13 not not RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 168 14 be be VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 168 15 identified identify VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 168 16 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 168 17 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 168 18 -2 -2 JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 168 19 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 168 20 overlaps overlap NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 168 21 can can MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 168 22 be be VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 168 23 identified identify VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 168 24 as as IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 168 25 false false JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 168 26 positives positive NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 168 27 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 169 1 In in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 169 2 some some DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 169 3 organisms organism NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 169 4 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 169 5 including include VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 169 6 mammals mammal NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 169 7 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 169 8 codon codon NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 169 9 usage usage NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 169 10 has have VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 169 11 evolved evolve VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 169 12 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 169 13 minimize minimize VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 169 14 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 169 15 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 170 1 Thus thus RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 170 2 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 170 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 170 4 can can MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 170 5 be be VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 170 6 expected expect VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 170 7 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 170 8 certain certain JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 170 9 codons codon NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 170 10 may may MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 170 11 favour favour VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 170 12 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 170 13 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 171 1 FSCAN FSCAN NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 171 2 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 171 3 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 171 4 program program NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 171 5 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 171 6 identify identify VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 171 7 +1 +1 NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 171 8 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 171 9 sequences sequence NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 171 10 based base VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 171 11 on on IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 171 12 codon codon NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 171 13 usage usage NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 171 14 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 171 15 E. E. NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 171 16 coli coli NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 171 17 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 172 1 FScan fscan JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 172 2 searches search VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 172 3 16 16 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 172 4 nt nt NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 172 5 sequences sequence NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 172 6 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 172 7 calculates calculate VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 172 8 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 172 9 score score NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 172 10 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 172 11 aa aa NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 172 12 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 172 13 tRNA tRNA NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 172 14 competition competition NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 172 15 between between IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 172 16 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 172 17 zero zero CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 172 18 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 172 19 +1 +1 NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 172 20 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 172 21 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 173 1 Accordingly accordingly RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 173 2 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 173 3 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 173 4 stop stop NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 173 5 codon codon NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 173 6 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 173 7 or or CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 173 8 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 173 9 rare rare JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 173 10 codon codon NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 173 11 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 173 12 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 173 13 zero zero CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 173 14 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 173 15 can can MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 173 16 be be VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 173 17 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 173 18 predictor predictor NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 173 19 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 173 20 +1 +1 HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 173 21 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 173 22 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 174 1 Shah Shah NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 174 2 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 174 3 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 174 4 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 174 5 suggested suggest VBD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 174 6 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 174 7 selective selective JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 174 8 pressure pressure NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 174 9 would would MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 174 10 lead lead VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 174 11 to to IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 174 12 an an DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 174 13 under under IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 174 14 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 174 15 representation representation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 174 16 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 174 17 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 174 18 sites site NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 174 19 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 174 20 protein protein NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 174 21 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 174 22 coding code VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 174 23 sequences sequence NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 174 24 relative relative JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 174 25 to to IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 174 26 an an DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 174 27 organism organism NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 174 28 's 's POS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 174 29 codon codon NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 174 30 bias bias NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 174 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 174 32 Shah Shah NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 174 33 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 174 34 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 174 35 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 174 36 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 174 37 2002 2002 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 174 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 174 39 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 175 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 175 2 predicted predict VBD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 175 3 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 175 4 sequences sequence NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 175 5 CUU CUU NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 175 6 AGG agg NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 175 7 C c NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 175 8 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 175 9 CUU CUU NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 175 10 AGU AGU NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 175 11 U U NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 175 12 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 175 13 which which WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 175 14 mediate mediate VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 175 15 +1 +1 NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 175 16 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 175 17 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 175 18 ABP140 ABP140 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 175 19 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 175 20 EST3 EST3 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 175 21 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 175 22 respectively respectively RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 175 23 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 175 24 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 175 25 be be VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 175 26 highly highly RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 175 27 under under RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 175 28 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 175 29 represented represent VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 175 30 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 175 31 predictive predictive JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 175 32 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 175 33 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 175 34 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 175 35 S. S. NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 175 36 cerevisiae cerevisiae NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 175 37 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 176 1 Once once IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 176 2 frameshifting frameshifting JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 176 3 events event NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 176 4 have have VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 176 5 been be VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 176 6 identified identify VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 176 7 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 176 8 it -PRON- PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 176 9 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 176 10 important important JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 176 11 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 176 12 characterize characterize VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 176 13 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 176 14 gene gene NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 176 15 products product NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 176 16 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 177 1 One one PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 177 2 could could MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 177 3 apply apply VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 177 4 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 177 5 filters filter NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 177 6 mentioned mention VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 177 7 above above RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 177 8 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 177 9 such such JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 177 10 as as IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 177 11 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 177 12 50-nt 50-nt CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 177 13 rule rule NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 177 14 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 177 15 although although IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 177 16 it -PRON- PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 177 17 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 177 18 quite quite RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 177 19 possible possible JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 177 20 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 177 21 short short JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 177 22 peptides peptide NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 177 23 are be VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 177 24 stable stable JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 177 25 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 177 26 endogenously endogenously RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 177 27 expressed express VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 178 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 178 2 Kondo Kondo NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 178 3 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 178 4 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 178 5 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 178 6 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 178 7 2010 2010 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 178 8 ; ; : cord-291727-4wfhuvww 178 9 Ingolia Ingolia NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 178 10 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 178 11 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 178 12 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 178 13 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 178 14 2011 2011 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 178 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 178 16 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 179 1 Ultimately ultimately RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 179 2 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 179 3 all all DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 179 4 predictions prediction NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 179 5 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 179 6 frameshifted frameshifte VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 179 7 peptides peptide NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 179 8 need need VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 179 9 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 179 10 be be VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 179 11 validated validate VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 179 12 with with IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 179 13 experimental experimental JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 179 14 methods method NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 179 15 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 180 1 Experimental experimental JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 180 2 methods method NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 180 3 include include VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 180 4 generation generation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 180 5 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 180 6 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 180 7 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 180 8 specific specific JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 180 9 antibodies antibody NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 180 10 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 180 11 reporter reporter NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 180 12 constructs construct NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 180 13 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 180 14 biophysical biophysical JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 180 15 methods method NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 180 16 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 180 17 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 180 18 single single JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 180 19 molecule molecule NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 180 20 measurements measurement NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 180 21 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 181 1 The the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 181 2 most most RBS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 181 3 commonly commonly RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 181 4 used use VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 181 5 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 181 6 reporter reporter NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 181 7 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 181 8 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 181 9 tandem tandem JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 181 10 luciferase luciferase FW cord-291727-4wfhuvww 181 11 construct construct NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 181 12 where where WRB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 181 13 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 181 14 two two CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 181 15 luciferases luciferase NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 181 16 with with IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 181 17 different different JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 181 18 substrate substrate NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 181 19 specificities specificity NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 181 20 are be VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 181 21 separated separate VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 181 22 by by IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 181 23 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 181 24 stretch stretch NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 181 25 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 181 26 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 181 27 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 181 28 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 181 29 length length NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 181 30 that that WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 181 31 shifts shift VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 181 32 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 181 33 downstream downstream JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 181 34 luciferase luciferase NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 182 1 either either CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 182 2 one one CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 182 3 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 182 4 up up IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 182 5 or or CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 182 6 down down RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 183 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 183 2 Grentzmann Grentzmann NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 183 3 et et FW cord-291727-4wfhuvww 183 4 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 183 5 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 183 6 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 183 7 1998 1998 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 183 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 183 9 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 184 1 The the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 184 2 downstream downstream JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 184 3 luciferase luciferase NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 184 4 will will MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 184 5 be be VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 184 6 expressed express VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 184 7 only only RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 184 8 if if IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 184 9 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 184 10 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 184 11 stretch stretch NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 184 12 can can MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 184 13 mediate mediate VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 184 14 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 184 15 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 184 16 while while IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 184 17 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 184 18 upstream upstream JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 184 19 luciferase luciferase NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 184 20 serves serve VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 184 21 as as IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 184 22 an an DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 184 23 expression expression NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 184 24 control control NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 184 25 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 185 1 Alternative alternative JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 185 2 reporter reporter NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 185 3 genes gene NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 185 4 include include VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 185 5 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 185 6 use use NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 185 7 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 185 8 fluorescent fluorescent NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 185 9 proteins protein NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 185 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 185 11 Cardno Cardno NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 185 12 et et FW cord-291727-4wfhuvww 185 13 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 185 14 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 185 15 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 185 16 2009 2009 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 185 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 185 18 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 185 19 although although IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 185 20 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 185 21 dynamic dynamic JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 185 22 range range NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 185 23 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 185 24 luciferases luciferases NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 185 25 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 185 26 generally generally RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 185 27 much much RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 185 28 higher high JJR cord-291727-4wfhuvww 185 29 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 186 1 This this DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 186 2 reporter reporter NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 186 3 can can MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 186 4 be be VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 186 5 used use VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 186 6 experimentally experimentally RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 186 7 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 186 8 confirm confirm VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 186 9 predicted predict VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 186 10 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 186 11 events event NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 186 12 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 187 1 One one CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 187 2 hypothesis hypothesis NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 187 3 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 187 4 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 187 5 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 187 6 −1 −1 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 187 7 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 187 8 efficiency efficiency NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 187 9 correlates correlate VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 187 10 with with IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 187 11 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 187 12 mechanical mechanical JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 187 13 force force NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 187 14 required require VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 187 15 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 187 16 pulling pull VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 187 17 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 187 18 RNA RNA NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 187 19 pseudoknot pseudoknot NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 187 20 apart apart RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 187 21 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 188 1 With with IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 188 2 biophysical biophysical JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 188 3 single single JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 188 4 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 188 5 molecule molecule NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 188 6 methods method NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 188 7 that that WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 188 8 measure measure VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 188 9 these these DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 188 10 forces force NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 188 11 using use VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 188 12 optical optical JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 188 13 tweezers tweezer NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 188 14 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 188 15 Hansen Hansen NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 188 16 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 188 17 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 188 18 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 188 19 have have VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 188 20 confirmed confirm VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 188 21 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 188 22 unfolding unfold VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 188 23 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 188 24 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 188 25 IBV IBV NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 188 26 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 188 27 based base VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 188 28 pseudoknot pseudoknot NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 188 29 required require VBD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 188 30 ∼500 ∼500 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 188 31 kJ kJ NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 188 32 / / SYM cord-291727-4wfhuvww 188 33 mol mol NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 188 34 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 188 35 compared compare VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 188 36 to to IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 188 37 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 188 38 theoretically theoretically RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 188 39 determined determine VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 188 40 292 292 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 188 41 kJ kJ NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 188 42 / / SYM cord-291727-4wfhuvww 188 43 mol mol NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 188 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 188 45 Hansen Hansen NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 188 46 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 188 47 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 188 48 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 188 49 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 188 50 2007 2007 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 188 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 188 52 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 189 1 Chen Chen NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 189 2 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 189 3 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 189 4 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 189 5 have have VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 189 6 determined determine VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 189 7 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 189 8 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 189 9 100 100 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 189 10 % % NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 189 11 confidence confidence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 189 12 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 189 13 −1 −1 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 189 14 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 189 15 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 189 16 reached reach VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 189 17 by by IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 189 18 an an DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 189 19 unfolding unfold VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 189 20 force force NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 189 21 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 190 1 ∼57 ∼57 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 190 2 pN pN NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 190 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 190 4 Chen Chen NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 190 5 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 190 6 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 190 7 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 190 8 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 190 9 2009 2009 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 190 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 190 11 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 191 1 Such such JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 191 2 single single JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 191 3 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 191 4 molecule molecule NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 191 5 biophysical biophysical JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 191 6 approaches approach NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 191 7 may may MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 191 8 help help VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 191 9 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 191 10 identify identify VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 191 11 potential potential JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 191 12 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 191 13 sequences sequence NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 191 14 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 191 15 but but CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 191 16 as as IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 191 17 they -PRON- PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 191 18 require require VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 191 19 immobilization immobilization NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 191 20 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 191 21 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 191 22 RNA RNA NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 191 23 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 191 24 they -PRON- PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 191 25 will will MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 191 26 be be VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 191 27 technically technically RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 191 28 challenging challenging JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 191 29 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 191 30 implement implement VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 191 31 on on IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 191 32 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 191 33 genome genome NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 191 34 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 191 35 wide wide JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 191 36 scale scale NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 191 37 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 192 1 An an DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 192 2 alternative alternative NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 192 3 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 192 4 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 192 5 use use NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 192 6 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 192 7 single single JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 192 8 molecule molecule NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 192 9 Foerster Foerster NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 192 10 Resonance Resonance NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 192 11 Energy Energy NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 192 12 Transfer Transfer NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 192 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 192 14 smFRET smfret NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 192 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 192 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 192 17 Aitken Aitken NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 192 18 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 192 19 Puglisi Puglisi NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 192 20 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 192 21 2010 2010 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 192 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 192 23 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 193 1 FRET fret NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 193 2 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 193 3 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 193 4 useful useful JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 193 5 technique technique NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 193 6 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 193 7 measure measure VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 193 8 proximity proximity NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 193 9 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 193 10 biomolecules biomolecule NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 193 11 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 194 1 A a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 194 2 donor donor NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 194 3 fluorophore fluorophore NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 194 4 attached attach VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 194 5 to to IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 194 6 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 194 7 molecule molecule NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 194 8 can can MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 194 9 transfer transfer VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 194 10 photons photon NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 194 11 to to IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 194 12 an an DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 194 13 acceptor acceptor NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 194 14 fluorophore fluorophore NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 194 15 on on IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 194 16 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 194 17 different different JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 194 18 molecule molecule NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 194 19 when when WRB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 194 20 both both DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 194 21 molecules molecule NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 194 22 are be VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 194 23 close close JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 194 24 together together RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 194 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 194 26 generally generally RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 194 27 less less JJR cord-291727-4wfhuvww 194 28 than than IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 194 29 10 10 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 194 30 nm nm NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 194 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 194 32 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 195 1 Aitken Aitken NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 195 2 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 195 3 Puglisi Puglisi NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 195 4 have have VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 195 5 used use VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 195 6 this this DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 195 7 technique technique NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 195 8 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 195 9 label label VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 195 10 individual individual JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 195 11 tRNA trna NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 195 12 molecules molecule NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 195 13 with with IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 195 14 donor donor NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 195 15 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 195 16 acceptor acceptor NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 195 17 dyes dye NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 195 18 that that WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 195 19 result result VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 195 20 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 195 21 energy energy NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 195 22 transfer transfer NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 195 23 when when WRB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 195 24 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 195 25 close close JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 195 26 proximity proximity NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 195 27 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 195 28 correct correct JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 195 29 orientation orientation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 195 30 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 196 1 This this DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 196 2 technique technique NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 196 3 enables enable VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 196 4 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 196 5 monitor monitor VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 196 6 relative relative JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 196 7 tRNA tRNA NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 196 8 positions position NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 196 9 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 196 10 movement movement NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 196 11 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 196 12 tRNAs trna NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 196 13 on on IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 196 14 ribosomes ribosome NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 196 15 at at IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 196 16 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 196 17 millisecond millisecond NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 196 18 scale scale NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 196 19 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 197 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 197 2 has have VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 197 3 been be VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 197 4 used use VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 197 5 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 197 6 identify identify VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 197 7 ribosomal ribosomal JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 197 8 translocation translocation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 197 9 events event NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 197 10 on on IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 197 11 fluorescent fluorescent JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 197 12 ribosomes ribosome NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 197 13 on on IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 197 14 immobilized immobilize VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 197 15 RNA RNA NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 197 16 sequences sequence NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 197 17 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 197 18 predicted predict VBD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 197 19 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 197 20 slipperiness slipperiness NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 197 21 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 197 22 various various JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 197 23 RNA RNA NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 197 24 sequences sequence NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 197 25 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 198 1 Again again RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 198 2 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 198 3 this this DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 198 4 will will MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 198 5 be be VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 198 6 technically technically RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 198 7 difficult difficult JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 198 8 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 198 9 implement implement VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 198 10 on on IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 198 11 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 198 12 genome genome NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 198 13 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 198 14 wide wide JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 198 15 scale scale NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 198 16 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 199 1 All all DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 199 2 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 199 3 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 199 4 above above JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 199 5 methods method NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 199 6 will will MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 199 7 record record VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 199 8 mostly mostly RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 199 9 frameshifting frameshifting JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 199 10 events event NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 199 11 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 199 12 but but CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 199 13 they -PRON- PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 199 14 will will MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 199 15 not not RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 199 16 validate validate VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 199 17 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 199 18 expression expression NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 199 19 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 199 20 an an DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 199 21 out out JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 199 22 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 199 23 offrame offrame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 199 24 protein protein NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 199 25 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 200 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 200 2 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 200 3 worth worth JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 200 4 noting note VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 200 5 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 200 6 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 200 7 will will MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 200 8 most most RBS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 200 9 likely likely RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 200 10 result result VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 200 11 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 200 12 chimeric chimeric JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 200 13 sequences sequence NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 200 14 composed compose VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 200 15 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 200 16 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 200 17 stretch stretch NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 200 18 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 200 19 zero zero CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 200 20 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 200 21 peptides peptide NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 200 22 linked link VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 200 23 to to IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 200 24 out out IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 200 25 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 200 26 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 200 27 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 200 28 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 200 29 peptides peptide NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 200 30 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 200 31 which which WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 200 32 can can MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 200 33 be be VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 200 34 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 200 35 small small JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 200 36 or or CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 200 37 large large JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 200 38 part part NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 200 39 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 200 40 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 200 41 overall overall JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 200 42 protein protein NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 200 43 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 200 44 depending depend VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 200 45 on on IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 200 46 where where WRB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 200 47 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 200 48 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 200 49 site site NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 200 50 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 200 51 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 201 1 Alternatively alternatively RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 201 2 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 201 3 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 201 4 could could MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 201 5 lead lead VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 201 6 to to IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 201 7 truncation truncation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 201 8 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 201 9 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 201 10 original original JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 201 11 protein protein NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 201 12 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 201 13 where where WRB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 201 14 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 201 15 very very RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 201 16 small small JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 201 17 fractionif fractionif NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 201 18 any any DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 201 19 - - : cord-291727-4wfhuvww 201 20 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 201 21 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 201 22 overall overall JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 201 23 protein protein NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 201 24 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 201 25 out out RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 201 26 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 201 27 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 201 28 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 201 29 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 201 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 201 31 Figure figure NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 201 32 4 4 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 201 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 201 34 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 202 1 Those those DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 202 2 proteins protein NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 202 3 that that WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 202 4 have have VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 202 5 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 202 6 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 202 7 predicted predict VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 202 8 length length NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 202 9 could could MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 202 10 then then RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 202 11 be be VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 202 12 validated validate VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 202 13 by by IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 202 14 raising raise VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 202 15 specific specific JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 202 16 antibodies antibody NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 202 17 against against IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 202 18 that that DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 202 19 sequence sequence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 202 20 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 203 1 In in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 203 2 order order NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 203 3 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 203 4 raise raise VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 203 5 an an DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 203 6 antibody antibody NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 203 7 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 203 8 one one PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 203 9 has have VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 203 10 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 203 11 know know VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 203 12 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 203 13 precise precise JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 203 14 FIGURE figure NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 203 15 4 4 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 203 16 | | NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 203 17 Protein Protein NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 203 18 composition composition NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 203 19 as as IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 203 20 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 203 21 consequence consequence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 203 22 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 203 23 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 203 24 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 204 1 The the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 204 2 original original JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 204 3 zero zero CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 204 4 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 204 5 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 204 6 shown show VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 204 7 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 204 8 gray gray JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 204 9 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 204 10 whereas whereas IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 204 11 out out RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 204 12 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 204 13 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 204 14 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 204 15 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 204 16 sequences sequence NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 204 17 are be VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 204 18 shown show VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 204 19 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 204 20 red red JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 204 21 or or CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 204 22 blue blue JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 204 23 colour colour NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 204 24 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 205 1 A a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 205 2 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 205 3 event event NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 205 4 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 205 5 marked mark VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 205 6 by by IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 205 7 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 205 8 arrow arrow NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 205 9 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 206 1 Frameshifting Frameshifting NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 206 2 can can MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 206 3 result result VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 206 4 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 206 5 chimeric chimeric JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 206 6 peptides peptide NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 206 7 composed compose VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 206 8 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 206 9 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 206 10 original original JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 206 11 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 206 12 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 206 13 out out IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 206 14 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 206 15 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 206 16 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 206 17 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 206 18 sequences sequence NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 206 19 that that WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 206 20 can can MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 206 21 form form VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 206 22 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 206 23 small small JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 206 24 or or CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 206 25 larger large JJR cord-291727-4wfhuvww 206 26 part part NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 206 27 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 206 28 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 206 29 overall overall JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 206 30 protein protein NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 206 31 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 206 32 depending depend VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 206 33 on on IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 206 34 where where WRB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 206 35 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 206 36 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 206 37 event event NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 206 38 takes take VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 206 39 place place NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 206 40 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 207 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 207 2 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 207 3 also also RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 207 4 possible possible JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 207 5 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 207 6 more more JJR cord-291727-4wfhuvww 207 7 than than IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 207 8 one one CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 207 9 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 207 10 event event NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 207 11 takes take VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 207 12 place place NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 207 13 within within IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 207 14 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 207 15 same same JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 207 16 mRNA mrna NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 207 17 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 207 18 thus thus RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 207 19 resulting result VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 207 20 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 207 21 mosaic mosaic JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 207 22 hybrid hybrid JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 207 23 peptide peptide NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 207 24 sequences sequence NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 207 25 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 2 A a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 3 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 4 Original original JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 5 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 6 ; ; : cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 7 B b NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 8 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 9 early early JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 10 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 11 with with IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 12 extended extended JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 13 ORF ORF NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 14 ; ; : cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 15 C C NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 16 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 17 early early JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 18 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 19 with with IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 20 truncation truncation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 21 ; ; : cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 22 D d JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 23 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 24 late late JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 25 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 26 with with IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 27 extended extended JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 28 ORF ORF NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 29 ; ; : cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 30 E E NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 31 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 32 two two CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 33 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 34 events event NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 35 that that WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 36 switch switch VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 37 back back RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 38 to to IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 39 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 40 zero zero CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 41 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 42 ; ; : cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 43 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 44 F F NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 45 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 46 two two CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 47 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 48 events event NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 49 that that WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 50 produce produce VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 51 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 52 chimeric chimeric JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 53 sequence sequence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 54 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 55 three three CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 56 different different JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 57 frames frame NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 58 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 208 59 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 209 1 sequence sequence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 209 2 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 209 3 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 209 4 frameshifted frameshifted JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 209 5 protein protein NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 209 6 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 210 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 210 2 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 210 3 this this DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 210 4 approach approach NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 210 5 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 210 6 useful useful JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 210 7 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 210 8 confirming confirm VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 210 9 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 210 10 known know VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 210 11 out out RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 210 12 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 210 13 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 210 14 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 210 15 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 210 16 protein protein NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 210 17 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 210 18 but but CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 210 19 it -PRON- PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 210 20 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 210 21 not not RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 210 22 amenable amenable JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 210 23 to to IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 210 24 large large JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 210 25 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 210 26 scale scale NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 210 27 genome genome NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 210 28 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 210 29 wide wide JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 210 30 screening screening NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 210 31 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 211 1 In in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 211 2 addition addition NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 211 3 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 211 4 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 211 5 detection detection NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 211 6 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 211 7 an an DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 211 8 endogenously endogenously RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 211 9 expressed express VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 211 10 out out RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 211 11 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 211 12 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 211 13 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 211 14 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 211 15 protein protein NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 211 16 does do VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 211 17 not not RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 211 18 necessarily necessarily RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 211 19 indicate indicate VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 211 20 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 211 21 functional functional JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 211 22 relevance relevance NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 211 23 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 211 24 this this DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 211 25 protein protein NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 211 26 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 212 1 In in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 212 2 order order NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 212 3 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 212 4 validate validate VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 212 5 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 212 6 physiological physiological JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 212 7 role role NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 212 8 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 212 9 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 212 10 frameshifted frameshifte VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 212 11 gene gene NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 212 12 product product NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 212 13 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 212 14 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 212 15 best good JJS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 212 16 method method NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 212 17 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 212 18 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 212 19 genetically genetically RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 212 20 ablate ablate VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 212 21 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 212 22 expression expression NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 212 23 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 212 24 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 212 25 frameshifted frameshifted JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 212 26 protein protein NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 212 27 while while IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 212 28 preserving preserve VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 212 29 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 212 30 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 212 31 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 212 32 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 212 33 sequence sequence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 212 34 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 213 1 This this DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 213 2 can can MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 213 3 be be VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 213 4 accomplished accomplish VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 213 5 by by IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 213 6 gene gene NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 213 7 targeting target VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 213 8 with with IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 213 9 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 213 10 gene gene NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 213 11 sequence sequence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 213 12 that that WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 213 13 harbours harbour VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 213 14 multiple multiple JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 213 15 wobble wobble NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 213 16 base base NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 213 17 pair pair NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 213 18 mutations mutation NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 213 19 or or CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 213 20 mutating mutate VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 213 21 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 213 22 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 213 23 motif motif NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 213 24 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 213 25 thus thus RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 213 26 altering alter VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 213 27 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 213 28 RNA RNA NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 213 29 sequence sequence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 213 30 but but CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 213 31 not not RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 213 32 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 213 33 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 213 34 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 213 35 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 213 36 protein protein NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 213 37 sequence sequence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 213 38 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 214 1 This this DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 214 2 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 214 3 technically technically RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 214 4 challenging challenging JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 214 5 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 214 6 may may MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 214 7 not not RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 214 8 always always RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 214 9 be be VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 214 10 feasible feasible JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 214 11 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 215 1 For for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 215 2 instance instance NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 215 3 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 215 4 an an DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 215 5 OAZ3 OAZ3 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 215 6 knockout knockout NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 215 7 mouse mouse NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 215 8 model model NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 215 9 has have VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 215 10 been be VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 215 11 generated generate VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 215 12 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 215 13 where where WRB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 215 14 both both CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 215 15 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 215 16 zero zero CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 215 17 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 215 18 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 215 19 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 215 20 +1 +1 HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 215 21 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 215 22 has have VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 215 23 been be VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 215 24 deleted delete VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 216 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 216 2 Tokuhiro Tokuhiro NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 216 3 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 216 4 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 216 5 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 216 6 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 216 7 2009 2009 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 216 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 216 9 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 217 1 To to IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 217 2 my -PRON- PRP$ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 217 3 knowledge knowledge NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 217 4 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 217 5 no no DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 217 6 specific specific JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 217 7 gene gene NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 217 8 targeting target VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 217 9 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 217 10 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 217 11 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 217 12 protein protein NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 217 13 has have VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 217 14 been be VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 217 15 done do VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 217 16 so so RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 217 17 far far RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 217 18 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 218 1 Genomic genomic JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 218 2 methods method NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 218 3 such such JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 218 4 as as IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 218 5 RNA RNA NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 218 6 sequencing sequencing NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 218 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 218 8 RNA RNA NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 218 9 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 218 10 seq seq NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 218 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 218 12 have have VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 218 13 emerged emerge VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 218 14 as as IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 218 15 powerful powerful JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 218 16 tools tool NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 218 17 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 218 18 profile profile VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 218 19 RNA RNA NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 218 20 content content NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 218 21 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 218 22 cells cell NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 218 23 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 219 1 RNA RNA NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 219 2 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 219 3 seq seq NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 219 4 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 219 5 based base VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 219 6 on on IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 219 7 high high JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 219 8 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 219 9 throughput throughput NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 219 10 sequencing sequencing NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 219 11 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 219 12 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 219 13 cDNA cdna NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 219 14 library library NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 219 15 generated generate VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 219 16 from from IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 219 17 cellular cellular JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 219 18 RNA RNA NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 219 19 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 220 1 In in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 220 2 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 220 3 standard standard JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 220 4 form form NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 220 5 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 220 6 RNAseq RNAseq NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 220 7 enables enable VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 220 8 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 220 9 identification identification NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 220 10 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 220 11 indels indel NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 220 12 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 220 13 but but CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 220 14 will will MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 220 15 fail fail VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 220 16 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 220 17 identify identify VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 220 18 post post JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 220 19 - - JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 220 20 transcriptional transcriptional JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 220 21 phenotypes phenotype NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 220 22 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 220 23 will will MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 220 24 therefore therefore RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 220 25 fail fail VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 220 26 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 220 27 identify identify VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 220 28 programmed program VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 220 29 ribosomal ribosomal JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 220 30 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 220 31 or or CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 220 32 dual dual JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 220 33 coded code VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 220 34 genes gene NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 220 35 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 221 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 221 2 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 221 3 ribosome ribosome NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 221 4 profiling profiling NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 221 5 methods method NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 221 6 such such JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 221 7 as as IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 221 8 Ribo Ribo NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 221 9 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 221 10 seq seq NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 221 11 have have VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 221 12 been be VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 221 13 developed develop VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 221 14 that that WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 221 15 allow allow VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 221 16 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 221 17 identification identification NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 221 18 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 221 19 active active JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 221 20 translation translation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 221 21 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 221 22 based base VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 221 23 on on IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 221 24 sequencing sequencing NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 221 25 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 221 26 cDNA cdna NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 221 27 libraries library NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 221 28 generated generate VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 221 29 from from IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 221 30 ribosomeprotected ribosomeprotected JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 221 31 fragments fragment NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 221 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 221 33 Ingolia Ingolia NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 221 34 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 221 35 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 221 36 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 221 37 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 221 38 2009 2009 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 221 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 221 40 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 222 1 In in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 222 2 this this DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 222 3 case case NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 222 4 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 222 5 mRNA mrna NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 222 6 bound bind VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 222 7 to to IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 222 8 ribosomes ribosome NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 222 9 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 222 10 first first JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 222 11 cross cross RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 222 12 - - VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 222 13 linked link VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 222 14 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 222 15 then then RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 222 16 isolated isolate VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 222 17 using use VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 222 18 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 222 19 e.g. e.g. RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 222 20 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 222 21 sucrose sucrose NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 222 22 gradient gradient NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 222 23 density density NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 222 24 centrifugation centrifugation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 222 25 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 223 1 Next next RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 223 2 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 223 3 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 223 4 nuclease nuclease NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 223 5 digestion digestion NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 223 6 step step NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 223 7 results result NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 223 8 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 223 9 removal removal NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 223 10 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 223 11 mRNA mrna NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 223 12 sequence sequence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 223 13 that that WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 223 14 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 223 15 not not RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 223 16 bound bind VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 223 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 223 18 " " `` cord-291727-4wfhuvww 223 19 protected protect VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 223 20 " " '' cord-291727-4wfhuvww 223 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 223 22 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 223 23 ribosomes ribosome NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 223 24 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 224 1 The the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 224 2 protected protect VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 224 3 RNA rna NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 224 4 bound bind VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 224 5 to to IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 224 6 ribosomes ribosome NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 224 7 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 224 8 then then RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 224 9 reverse reverse JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 224 10 transcribed transcribe VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 224 11 into into IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 224 12 cDNA cdna NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 224 13 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 224 14 sequenced sequence VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 224 15 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 225 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 225 2 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 225 3 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 225 4 precise precise JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 225 5 position position NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 225 6 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 225 7 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 225 8 ribosome ribosome NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 225 9 can can MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 225 10 be be VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 225 11 matched match VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 225 12 to to IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 225 13 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 225 14 site site NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 225 15 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 225 16 active active JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 225 17 translation translation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 225 18 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 226 1 An an DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 226 2 adaptation adaptation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 226 3 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 226 4 this this DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 226 5 method method NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 226 6 using use VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 226 7 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 226 8 drug drug NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 226 9 harringtonine harringtonine NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 226 10 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 226 11 cause cause VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 226 12 ribosome ribosome NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 226 13 accumulation accumulation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 226 14 at at IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 226 15 initiation initiation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 226 16 codons codon NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 226 17 has have VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 226 18 allowed allow VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 226 19 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 226 20 identification identification NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 226 21 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 226 22 translation translation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 226 23 start start NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 226 24 sites site NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 226 25 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 226 26 confirmed confirm VBD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 226 27 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 226 28 many many JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 226 29 proteins protein NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 226 30 are be VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 226 31 initiated initiate VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 226 32 at at IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 226 33 non non NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 226 34 - - JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 226 35 AUG AUG NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 226 36 or or CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 226 37 alternative alternative JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 226 38 AUG AUG NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 226 39 sites site NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 227 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 227 2 Ingolia Ingolia NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 227 3 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 227 4 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 227 5 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 227 6 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 227 7 2011 2011 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 227 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 227 9 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 228 1 In in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 228 2 this this DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 228 3 study study NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 228 4 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 228 5 44 44 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 228 6 % % NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 228 7 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 228 8 detected detect VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 228 9 AUG AUG NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 228 10 start start NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 228 11 sites site NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 228 12 were be VBD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 228 13 unannotated unannotate VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 228 14 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 228 15 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 228 16 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 228 17 large large JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 228 18 fraction fraction NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 228 19 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 228 20 these these DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 228 21 encoded encode VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 228 22 out out RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 228 23 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 228 24 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 228 25 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 228 26 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 228 27 peptides peptide NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 228 28 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 229 1 Further further JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 229 2 uses use NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 229 3 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 229 4 ribosome ribosome NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 229 5 profiling profiling NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 229 6 have have VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 229 7 confirmed confirm VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 229 8 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 229 9 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 229 10 identification identification NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 229 11 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 229 12 frameshifts frameshifts NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 229 13 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 229 14 possible possible JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 229 15 using use VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 229 16 genomic genomic JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 229 17 technologies technology NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 229 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 229 19 Michel Michel NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 229 20 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 229 21 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 229 22 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 229 23 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 229 24 2012 2012 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 229 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 229 26 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 230 1 Although although IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 230 2 this this DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 230 3 approach approach NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 230 4 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 230 5 unbiased unbiased JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 230 6 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 230 7 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 230 8 sense sense NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 230 9 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 230 10 it -PRON- PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 230 11 does do VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 230 12 not not RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 230 13 pre pre VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 230 14 - - VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 230 15 filter filter VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 230 16 genetic genetic JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 230 17 regions region NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 230 18 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 230 19 one one CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 230 20 problem problem NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 230 21 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 230 22 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 230 23 nonuniformity nonuniformity NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 230 24 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 230 25 ribosome ribosome NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 230 26 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 230 27 protected protect VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 230 28 fragment fragment NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 230 29 reads read VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 230 30 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 231 1 For for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 231 2 instance instance NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 231 3 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 231 4 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 231 5 preparation preparation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 231 6 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 231 7 cDNA cdna NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 231 8 libraries library NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 231 9 generated generate VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 231 10 from from IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 231 11 ribosomeprotected ribosomeprotected JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 231 12 fragments fragment NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 231 13 can can MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 231 14 result result VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 231 15 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 231 16 over over IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 231 17 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 231 18 or or CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 231 19 under under IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 231 20 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 231 21 representation representation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 231 22 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 231 23 sequence sequence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 231 24 reads read VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 231 25 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 232 1 This this DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 232 2 can can MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 232 3 be be VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 232 4 overcome overcome VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 232 5 by by IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 232 6 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 232 7 computational computational JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 232 8 approach approach NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 232 9 that that WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 232 10 measures measure VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 232 11 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 232 12 cumulative cumulative JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 232 13 subcodon subcodon NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 232 14 proportion proportion NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 232 15 difference difference NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 232 16 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 232 17 ribosome ribosome NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 232 18 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 232 19 protected protect VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 232 20 fragments fragment NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 232 21 relative relative JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 232 22 to to IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 232 23 local local JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 232 24 subcodon subcodon NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 232 25 positions position NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 232 26 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 233 1 The the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 233 2 authors author NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 233 3 have have VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 233 4 therefore therefore RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 233 5 combined combine VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 233 6 experimental experimental JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 233 7 data datum NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 233 8 from from IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 233 9 Ribo Ribo NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 233 10 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 233 11 Seq Seq NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 233 12 with with IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 233 13 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 233 14 computational computational JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 233 15 approach approach NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 233 16 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 233 17 order order NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 233 18 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 233 19 identify identify VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 233 20 novel novel JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 233 21 frameshifted frameshifte VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 233 22 protein protein NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 233 23 sequences sequence NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 233 24 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 234 1 Using use VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 234 2 this this DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 234 3 approach approach NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 234 4 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 234 5 several several JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 234 6 new new JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 234 7 frameshifted frameshifted JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 234 8 protein protein NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 234 9 sequences sequence NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 234 10 were be VBD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 234 11 identified identify VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 234 12 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 234 13 most most JJS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 234 14 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 234 15 which which WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 234 16 were be VBD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 234 17 dual dual RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 234 18 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 234 19 encoded encoded JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 234 20 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 235 1 The the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 235 2 authors author NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 235 3 estimate estimate VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 235 4 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 235 5 more more JJR cord-291727-4wfhuvww 235 6 than than IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 235 7 1 1 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 235 8 % % NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 235 9 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 235 10 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 235 11 genome genome NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 235 12 may may MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 235 13 consist consist VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 235 14 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 235 15 dualcoding dualcode VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 235 16 regions region NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 235 17 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 235 18 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 235 19 this this DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 235 20 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 235 21 likely likely RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 235 22 an an DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 235 23 underestimation underestimation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 235 24 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 236 1 Further further JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 236 2 improvements improvement NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 236 3 to to IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 236 4 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 236 5 method method NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 236 6 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 236 7 including include VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 236 8 deeper deep JJR cord-291727-4wfhuvww 236 9 sequencing sequencing NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 236 10 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 236 11 get get VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 236 12 better well JJR cord-291727-4wfhuvww 236 13 coverage coverage NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 236 14 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 236 15 ribosome ribosome NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 236 16 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 236 17 protected protect VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 236 18 fragments fragment NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 236 19 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 236 20 will will MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 236 21 help help VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 236 22 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 236 23 identify identify VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 236 24 these these DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 236 25 genes gene NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 236 26 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 237 1 Most Most JJS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 237 2 genome genome NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 237 3 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 237 4 wide wide JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 237 5 screening screening NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 237 6 approaches approach NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 237 7 such such JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 237 8 as as IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 237 9 RNAi RNAi NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 237 10 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 237 11 based base VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 237 12 knockdown knockdown NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 237 13 methods method NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 237 14 will will MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 237 15 fail fail VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 237 16 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 237 17 identify identify VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 237 18 dual dual JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 237 19 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 237 20 coding code VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 237 21 regions region NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 237 22 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 237 23 as as IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 237 24 both both DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 237 25 gene gene NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 237 26 products product NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 237 27 will will MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 237 28 be be VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 237 29 deleted delete VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 237 30 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 238 1 Further further RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 238 2 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 238 3 most most RBS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 238 4 commonly commonly RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 238 5 used use VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 238 6 cDNA cdna NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 238 7 libraries library NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 238 8 such such JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 238 9 as as IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 238 10 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 238 11 ORFeome ORFeome NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 238 12 are be VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 238 13 designed design VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 238 14 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 238 15 avoid avoid VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 238 16 expression expression NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 238 17 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 238 18 frameshifted frameshifte VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 238 19 peptides peptide NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 238 20 - - , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 238 21 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 238 22 instance instance NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 238 23 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 238 24 by by IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 238 25 deletion deletion NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 238 26 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 238 27 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 238 28 5 5 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 238 29 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 238 30 3 3 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 238 31 -UTR -utr NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 238 32 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 239 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 239 2 may may MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 239 3 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 239 4 however however RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 239 5 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 239 6 be be VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 239 7 possible possible JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 239 8 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 239 9 certain certain JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 239 10 phenotypes phenotype NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 239 11 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 239 12 cDNA cdna NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 239 13 screening screening NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 239 14 are be VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 239 15 exerted exert VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 239 16 by by IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 239 17 out out IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 239 18 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 239 19 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 239 20 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 239 21 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 239 22 proteins protein NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 239 23 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 240 1 In in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 240 2 order order NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 240 3 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 240 4 fish fish VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 240 5 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 240 6 phenotypic phenotypic JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 240 7 effects effect NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 240 8 exerted exert VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 240 9 by by IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 240 10 such such JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 240 11 peptides peptide NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 240 12 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 240 13 cDNA cdna NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 240 14 libraries library NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 240 15 can can MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 240 16 be be VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 240 17 designed design VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 240 18 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 240 19 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 240 20 way way NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 240 21 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 240 22 genomic genomic JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 240 23 fragments fragment NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 240 24 are be VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 240 25 inserted insert VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 240 26 downstream downstream RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 240 27 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 240 28 an an DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 240 29 AUG AUG NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 240 30 start start NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 240 31 codon codon NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 240 32 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 240 33 +1 +1 HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 240 34 or or CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 240 35 −1 −1 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 240 36 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 240 37 so so IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 240 38 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 240 39 all all DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 240 40 genomic genomic JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 240 41 fragments fragment NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 240 42 are be VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 240 43 deliberately deliberately RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 240 44 frameshifted frameshifte VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 240 45 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 241 1 A a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 241 2 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 241 3 functional functional JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 241 4 phenotypic phenotypic NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 241 5 screen screen NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 241 6 can can MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 241 7 then then RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 241 8 identify identify VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 241 9 phenotypes phenotype NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 241 10 associated associate VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 241 11 with with IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 241 12 expression expression NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 241 13 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 241 14 such such JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 241 15 deliberate deliberate JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 241 16 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 241 17 fragments fragment NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 241 18 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 242 1 However however RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 242 2 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 242 3 there there EX cord-291727-4wfhuvww 242 4 are be VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 242 5 limitations limitation NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 242 6 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 242 7 such such PDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 242 8 an an DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 242 9 approach approach NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 242 10 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 242 11 e.g. e.g. RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 242 12 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 242 13 where where WRB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 242 14 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 242 15 place place VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 242 16 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 242 17 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 242 18 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 243 1 Also also RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 243 2 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 243 3 deliberately deliberately RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 243 4 expressed express VBD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 243 5 out out RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 243 6 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 243 7 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 243 8 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 243 9 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 243 10 proteins protein NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 243 11 may may MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 243 12 have have VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 243 13 little little JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 243 14 physiological physiological JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 243 15 relevance relevance NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 243 16 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 244 1 An an DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 244 2 alternative alternative NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 244 3 may may MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 244 4 be be VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 244 5 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 244 6 use use VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 244 7 agents agent NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 244 8 such such JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 244 9 as as IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 244 10 gentamicin gentamicin NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 244 11 that that WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 244 12 enhance enhance VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 244 13 programmed program VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 244 14 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 244 15 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 245 1 In in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 245 2 that that DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 245 3 case case NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 245 4 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 245 5 cells cell NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 245 6 expressing express VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 245 7 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 245 8 cDNA cdna NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 245 9 library library NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 245 10 would would MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 245 11 be be VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 245 12 treated treat VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 245 13 with with IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 245 14 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 245 15 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 245 16 inducer inducer NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 245 17 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 245 18 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 245 19 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 245 20 occurrence occurrence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 245 21 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 245 22 differential differential JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 245 23 phenotypes phenotype NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 245 24 plus plus CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 245 25 / / SYM cord-291727-4wfhuvww 245 26 minus minus CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 245 27 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 245 28 inducer inducer NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 245 29 would would MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 245 30 be be VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 245 31 recorded record VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 245 32 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 246 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 246 2 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 246 3 imperative imperative JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 246 4 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 246 5 cDNA cdna NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 246 6 libraries library NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 246 7 with with IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 246 8 3 3 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 246 9 -UTR -utr NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 246 10 regions region NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 246 11 are be VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 246 12 used use VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 246 13 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 246 14 such such PDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 246 15 an an DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 246 16 approach approach NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 246 17 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 246 18 facilitate facilitate VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 246 19 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 246 20 out out RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 246 21 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 246 22 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 246 23 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 246 24 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 246 25 peptide peptide JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 246 26 expression expression NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 246 27 after after IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 246 28 stop stop NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 246 29 codon codon NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 246 30 read read VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 246 31 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 246 32 through through NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 246 33 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 247 1 A a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 247 2 similar similar JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 247 3 approach approach NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 247 4 can can MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 247 5 be be VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 247 6 used use VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 247 7 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 247 8 identify identify VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 247 9 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 247 10 regulators regulator NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 247 11 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 247 12 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 247 13 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 248 1 One one PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 248 2 could could MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 248 3 use use VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 248 4 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 248 5 dual dual JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 248 6 luciferase luciferase NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 248 7 reporter reporter NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 248 8 construct construct VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 248 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 248 10 Grentzmann Grentzmann NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 248 11 et et FW cord-291727-4wfhuvww 248 12 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 248 13 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 248 14 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 248 15 1998 1998 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 248 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 248 17 with with IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 248 18 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 248 19 known know VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 248 20 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 248 21 motif motif NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 248 22 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 248 23 screen screen NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 248 24 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 248 25 or or CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 248 26 cDNA cdna NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 248 27 libraries library NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 248 28 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 248 29 identify identify VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 248 30 genes gene NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 248 31 that that WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 248 32 enhance enhance VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 248 33 or or CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 248 34 inhibit inhibit VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 248 35 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 248 36 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 248 37 efficiency efficiency NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 248 38 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 248 39 this this DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 248 40 reporter reporter NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 248 41 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 249 1 The the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 249 2 existence existence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 249 3 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 249 4 non non JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 249 5 - - JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 249 6 coding coding JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 249 7 RNAs rna NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 249 8 that that WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 249 9 modulate modulate VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 249 10 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 249 11 suggests suggest VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 249 12 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 249 13 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 249 14 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 249 15 regulated regulate VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 249 16 by by IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 249 17 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 249 18 gene gene NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 249 19 products product NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 249 20 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 250 1 The the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 250 2 dual dual JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 250 3 luciferase luciferase NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 250 4 reporter reporter NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 250 5 mentioned mention VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 250 6 above above RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 250 7 can can MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 250 8 also also RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 250 9 be be VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 250 10 used use VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 250 11 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 250 12 probe probe VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 250 13 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 250 14 sequence sequence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 250 15 space space NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 250 16 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 250 17 optimal optimal JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 250 18 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 250 19 motifs motif NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 251 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 251 2 Rakauskaite Rakauskaite NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 251 3 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 251 4 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 251 5 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 251 6 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 251 7 2011 2011 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 251 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 251 9 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 252 1 Recently recently RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 252 2 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 252 3 an an DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 252 4 adaptation adaptation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 252 5 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 252 6 this this DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 252 7 approach approach NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 252 8 has have VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 252 9 been be VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 252 10 developed develop VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 252 11 using use VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 252 12 fluorophores fluorophore NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 252 13 that that WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 252 14 are be VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 252 15 amenable amenable JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 252 16 to to IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 252 17 high high JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 252 18 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 252 19 throughput throughput NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 252 20 screening screening NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 252 21 applications application NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 252 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 252 23 Cardno Cardno NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 252 24 et et FW cord-291727-4wfhuvww 252 25 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 252 26 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 252 27 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 252 28 2009 2009 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 252 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 252 30 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 253 1 An an DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 253 2 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 253 3 vivo vivo NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 253 4 adaptation adaptation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 253 5 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 253 6 yeast yeast NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 253 7 cells cell NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 253 8 has have VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 253 9 been be VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 253 10 proposed propose VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 253 11 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 253 12 use use NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 253 13 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 253 14 high high JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 253 15 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 253 16 throughput throughput NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 253 17 screening screening NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 253 18 experiments experiment NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 253 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 253 20 Harger Harger NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 253 21 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 253 22 Dinman Dinman NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 253 23 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 253 24 2003 2003 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 253 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 253 26 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 254 1 For for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 254 2 instance instance NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 254 3 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 254 4 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 254 5 random random JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 254 6 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 254 7 sequence sequence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 254 8 can can MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 254 9 be be VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 254 10 inserted insert VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 254 11 between between IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 254 12 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 254 13 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 254 14 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 254 15 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 254 16 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 254 17 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 254 18 out out JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 254 19 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 254 20 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 254 21 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 254 22 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 254 23 luciferase luciferase NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 254 24 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 254 25 determine determine VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 254 26 which which WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 254 27 sequence sequence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 254 28 will will MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 254 29 result result VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 254 30 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 254 31 high high JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 254 32 levels level NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 254 33 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 254 34 out out IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 254 35 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 254 36 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 254 37 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 254 38 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 254 39 expression expression NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 254 40 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 255 1 The the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 255 2 main main JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 255 3 advantages advantage NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 255 4 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 255 5 such such PDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 255 6 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 255 7 system system NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 255 8 are be VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 255 9 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 255 10 broad broad JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 255 11 linear linear JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 255 12 range range NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 255 13 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 255 14 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 255 15 assay assay NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 255 16 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 255 17 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 255 18 internal internal JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 255 19 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 255 20 expression expression NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 255 21 control control NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 255 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 255 23 luciferase luciferase NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 255 24 1 1 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 255 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 255 26 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 255 27 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 255 28 possibility possibility NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 255 29 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 255 30 normalize normalize VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 255 31 relative relative JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 255 32 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 255 33 expression expression NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 255 34 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 255 35 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 255 36 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 255 37 ease ease NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 255 38 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 255 39 use use NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 255 40 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 256 1 One one CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 256 2 problem problem NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 256 3 with with IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 256 4 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 256 5 approach approach NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 256 6 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 256 7 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 256 8 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 256 9 secondary secondary JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 256 10 structure structure NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 256 11 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 256 12 affected affect VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 256 13 by by IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 256 14 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 256 15 length length NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 256 16 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 256 17 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 256 18 sequence sequence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 256 19 inserted insert VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 256 20 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 256 21 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 256 22 dual dual JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 256 23 luciferase luciferase NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 256 24 reporter reporter NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 256 25 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 257 1 Thus thus RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 257 2 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 257 3 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 257 4 context context NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 257 5 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 257 6 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 257 7 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 257 8 motifs motif NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 257 9 needs need VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 257 10 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 257 11 be be VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 257 12 taken take VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 257 13 into into IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 257 14 account account NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 257 15 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 258 1 Further further RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 258 2 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 258 3 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 258 4 high high JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 258 5 number number NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 258 6 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 258 7 potential potential JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 258 8 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 258 9 combinations combination NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 258 10 may may MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 258 11 outweigh outweigh VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 258 12 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 258 13 capacity capacity NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 258 14 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 258 15 even even RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 258 16 highly highly RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 258 17 automated automate VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 258 18 processes process NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 258 19 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 259 1 Even even RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 259 2 though though IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 259 3 this this DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 259 4 will will MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 259 5 identify identify VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 259 6 putative putative JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 259 7 sequences sequence NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 259 8 with with IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 259 9 high high JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 259 10 potential potential NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 259 11 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 259 12 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 259 13 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 259 14 it -PRON- PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 259 15 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 259 16 still still RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 259 17 not not RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 259 18 clear clear JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 259 19 whether whether IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 259 20 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 259 21 out out JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 259 22 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 259 23 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 259 24 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 259 25 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 259 26 peptides peptide NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 259 27 or or CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 259 28 proteins protein NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 259 29 are be VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 259 30 stable stable JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 259 31 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 259 32 functional functional JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 259 33 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 260 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 260 2 presence presence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 260 3 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 260 4 open open JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 260 5 reading reading NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 260 6 frames frame NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 260 7 may may MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 260 8 hint hint VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 260 9 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 260 10 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 260 11 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 260 12 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 260 13 buried bury VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 260 14 within within IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 260 15 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 260 16 gene gene NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 260 17 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 261 1 Subsequent subsequent JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 261 2 low low JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 261 3 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 261 4 throughput throughput NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 261 5 experimental experimental JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 261 6 methods method NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 261 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 261 8 see see VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 261 9 above above RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 261 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 261 11 need need VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 261 12 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 261 13 be be VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 261 14 designed design VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 261 15 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 261 16 confirm confirm VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 261 17 expression expression NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 261 18 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 261 19 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 261 20 frameshifted frameshifted JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 261 21 protein protein NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 261 22 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 262 1 Proteomic proteomic JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 262 2 approaches approach NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 262 3 have have VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 262 4 enabled enable VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 262 5 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 262 6 identification identification NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 262 7 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 262 8 expressed express VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 262 9 peptides peptide NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 262 10 under under IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 262 11 physiological physiological JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 262 12 conditions condition NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 262 13 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 263 1 In in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 263 2 mass mass NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 263 3 spectrometry spectrometry NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 263 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 263 5 MS MS NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 263 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 263 7 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 263 8 peptides peptide NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 263 9 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 263 10 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 263 11 proteins protein NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 263 12 are be VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 263 13 first first RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 263 14 detected detect VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 263 15 as as IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 263 16 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 263 17 mass mass NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 263 18 per per IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 263 19 ion ion NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 263 20 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 264 1 In in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 264 2 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 264 3 most most RBS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 264 4 common common JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 264 5 approach approach NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 264 6 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 264 7 recorded record VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 264 8 masses masse NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 264 9 are be VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 264 10 matched match VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 264 11 to to IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 264 12 all all DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 264 13 potential potential JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 264 14 masses masse NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 264 15 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 264 16 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 264 17 respective respective JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 264 18 database database NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 264 19 by by IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 264 20 search search NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 264 21 algorithms algorithm NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 264 22 like like IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 264 23 SEQUEST SEQUEST NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 264 24 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 264 25 MASCOT MASCOT NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 264 26 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 264 27 Andromeda Andromeda NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 264 28 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 264 29 or or CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 264 30 PEAKS peak NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 264 31 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 265 1 In in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 265 2 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 265 3 next next JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 265 4 step step NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 265 5 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 265 6 sequence sequence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 265 7 information information NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 265 8 generated generate VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 265 9 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 265 10 tandem tandem JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 265 11 MS MS NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 265 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 265 13 MS MS NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 265 14 / / SYM cord-291727-4wfhuvww 265 15 MS MS NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 265 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 265 17 experiments experiment NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 265 18 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 265 19 employed employ VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 265 20 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 265 21 identify identify VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 265 22 potential potential JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 265 23 hits hit NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 265 24 within within IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 265 25 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 265 26 shortlisted shortlist VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 265 27 peptide peptide NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 265 28 variants variant NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 265 29 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 266 1 Commonly commonly RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 266 2 searched search VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 266 3 databases database NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 266 4 by by IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 266 5 MASCOT mascot NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 266 6 are be VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 266 7 SwissProt SwissProt NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 266 8 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 266 9 NCBInr NCBInr NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 266 10 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 266 11 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 266 12 EMBL EMBL NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 266 13 EST EST NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 266 14 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 267 1 These these DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 267 2 databases database NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 267 3 integrate integrate VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 267 4 cDNA cDNA NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 267 5 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 267 6 EST est NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 267 7 sequences sequence NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 267 8 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 267 9 generally generally RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 267 10 do do VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 267 11 not not RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 267 12 contain contain VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 267 13 out out RP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 267 14 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 267 15 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 267 16 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 267 17 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 267 18 peptides peptide NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 267 19 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 268 1 However however RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 268 2 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 268 3 as as IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 268 4 MS MS NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 268 5 database database NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 268 6 search search NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 268 7 algorithms algorithm NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 268 8 compute compute VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 268 9 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 268 10 entire entire JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 268 11 sequence sequence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 268 12 space space NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 268 13 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 268 14 potential potential JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 268 15 peptide peptide NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 268 16 matches match NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 268 17 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 268 18 identify identify VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 268 19 peptides peptide NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 268 20 within within IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 268 21 analyzed analyze VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 268 22 samples sample NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 268 23 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 268 24 it -PRON- PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 268 25 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 268 26 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 268 27 principle principle NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 268 28 possible possible JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 268 29 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 268 30 identify identify VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 268 31 out out RP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 268 32 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 268 33 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 268 34 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 268 35 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 268 36 peptides peptide NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 268 37 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 269 1 An an DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 269 2 interesting interesting JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 269 3 approach approach NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 269 4 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 269 5 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 269 6 identification identification NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 269 7 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 269 8 frame frame JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 269 9 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 269 10 shift shift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 269 11 peptides peptide NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 269 12 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 269 13 de de FW cord-291727-4wfhuvww 269 14 novo novo NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 269 15 sequence sequence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 269 16 analysis analysis NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 269 17 by by IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 269 18 MS MS NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 269 19 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 270 1 This this DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 270 2 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 270 3 based base VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 270 4 solely solely RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 270 5 on on IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 270 6 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 270 7 analysis analysis NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 270 8 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 270 9 MS MS NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 270 10 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 270 11 MS MS NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 270 12 / / SYM cord-291727-4wfhuvww 270 13 MS MS NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 270 14 spectra spectra NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 270 15 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 270 16 without without IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 270 17 amino amino NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 270 18 acid acid NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 270 19 sequence sequence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 270 20 information information NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 270 21 from from IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 270 22 databases database NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 270 23 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 271 1 However however RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 271 2 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 271 3 identification identification NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 271 4 rates rate NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 271 5 are be VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 271 6 typically typically RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 271 7 lower low JJR cord-291727-4wfhuvww 271 8 than than IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 271 9 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 271 10 classical classical JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 271 11 database database NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 271 12 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 271 13 based base VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 271 14 proteomics proteomic NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 271 15 experiments experiment NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 271 16 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 272 1 A a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 272 2 major major JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 272 3 difficulty difficulty NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 272 4 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 272 5 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 272 6 assign assign VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 272 7 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 272 8 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 272 9 shifted shift VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 272 10 peptides peptide NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 272 11 to to IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 272 12 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 272 13 particular particular JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 272 14 gene gene NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 272 15 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 273 1 Decoding decode VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 273 2 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 273 3 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 273 4 underlying underlying JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 273 5 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 273 6 sequence sequence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 273 7 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 273 8 sometimes sometimes RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 273 9 problematic problematic JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 273 10 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 273 11 as as IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 273 12 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 273 13 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 273 14 instance instance NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 273 15 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 273 16 isoleucine isoleucine NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 273 17 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 273 18 leucine leucine NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 273 19 have have VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 273 20 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 273 21 same same JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 273 22 exact exact JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 273 23 mass mass NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 273 24 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 274 1 In in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 274 2 some some DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 274 3 cases case NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 274 4 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 274 5 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 274 6 identified identify VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 274 7 peptides peptide NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 274 8 do do VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 274 9 not not RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 274 10 match match VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 274 11 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 274 12 database database NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 274 13 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 274 14 various various JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 274 15 reasons reason NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 274 16 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 274 17 including include VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 274 18 errors error NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 274 19 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 274 20 gene gene NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 274 21 / / SYM cord-291727-4wfhuvww 274 22 protein protein NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 274 23 annotation annotation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 274 24 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 274 25 post post JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 274 26 - - JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 274 27 translational translational JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 274 28 modifications modification NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 274 29 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 274 30 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 274 31 peptides peptide NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 274 32 that that WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 274 33 are be VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 274 34 not not RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 274 35 accounted account VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 274 36 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 274 37 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 275 1 Usually usually RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 275 2 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 275 3 unmatched unmatched JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 275 4 peptides peptide NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 275 5 are be VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 275 6 not not RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 275 7 reported report VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 275 8 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 275 9 publications publication NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 275 10 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 275 11 are be VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 275 12 disregarded disregard VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 275 13 from from IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 275 14 further further JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 275 15 analysis analysis NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 275 16 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 276 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 276 2 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 276 3 possible possible JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 276 4 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 276 5 some some DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 276 6 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 276 7 these these DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 276 8 unmatched unmatched JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 276 9 peptides peptide NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 276 10 correspond correspond VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 276 11 to to IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 276 12 an an DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 276 13 alternative alternative JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 276 14 reading reading NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 276 15 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 276 16 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 277 1 In in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 277 2 order order NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 277 3 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 277 4 match match VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 277 5 these these DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 277 6 peptides peptide NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 277 7 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 277 8 one one PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 277 9 would would MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 277 10 need need VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 277 11 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 277 12 generate generate VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 277 13 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 277 14 database database NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 277 15 derived derive VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 277 16 from from IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 277 17 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 277 18 +1/−1 +1/−1 JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 277 19 frames frame NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 277 20 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 277 21 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 277 22 ORFeome ORFeome NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 277 23 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 277 24 similar similar JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 277 25 to to IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 277 26 what what WP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 277 27 Okamura Okamura NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 277 28 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 277 29 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 277 30 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 277 31 have have VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 277 32 done do VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 277 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 277 34 Okamura Okamura NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 277 35 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 277 36 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 277 37 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 277 38 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 277 39 2006 2006 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 277 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 277 41 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 277 42 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 277 43 make make VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 277 44 these these DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 277 45 accessible accessible JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 277 46 to to IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 277 47 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 277 48 proteomic proteomic JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 277 49 community community NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 277 50 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 278 1 One one CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 278 2 problem problem NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 278 3 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 278 4 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 278 5 " " `` cord-291727-4wfhuvww 278 6 breakpoint breakpoint NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 278 7 " " '' cord-291727-4wfhuvww 278 8 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 278 9 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 278 10 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 278 11 which which WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 278 12 would would MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 278 13 generate generate VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 278 14 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 278 15 peptide peptide NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 278 16 that that WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 278 17 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 278 18 partially partially RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 278 19 composed compose VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 278 20 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 278 21 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 278 22 original original JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 278 23 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 278 24 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 278 25 partially partially RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 278 26 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 278 27 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 278 28 frameshifted frameshifted JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 278 29 peptide peptide NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 278 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 278 31 see see VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 278 32 Figure Figure NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 278 33 4 4 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 278 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 278 35 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 279 1 Another another DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 279 2 problem problem NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 279 3 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 279 4 this this DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 279 5 approach approach NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 279 6 may may MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 279 7 be be VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 279 8 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 279 9 paucity paucity NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 279 10 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 279 11 frameshifted frameshifted JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 279 12 peptides peptide NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 279 13 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 279 14 as as IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 279 15 they -PRON- PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 279 16 are be VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 279 17 commonly commonly RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 279 18 expressed express VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 279 19 at at IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 279 20 lower low JJR cord-291727-4wfhuvww 279 21 levels level NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 279 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 279 23 see see VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 279 24 above above RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 279 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 279 26 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 279 27 may may MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 279 28 not not RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 279 29 be be VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 279 30 easily easily RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 279 31 detectable detectable JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 279 32 by by IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 279 33 MS MS NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 279 34 approaches approach NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 279 35 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 280 1 However however RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 280 2 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 280 3 MS MS NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 280 4 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 280 5 probably probably RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 280 6 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 280 7 most most RBS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 280 8 powerful powerful JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 280 9 method method NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 280 10 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 280 11 identify identify VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 280 12 out out RP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 280 13 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 280 14 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 280 15 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 280 16 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 280 17 peptides peptide NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 280 18 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 280 19 confirm confirm VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 280 20 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 280 21 expression expression NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 280 22 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 281 1 An an DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 281 2 alternative alternative NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 281 3 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 281 4 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 281 5 study study VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 281 6 peptides peptide NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 281 7 presented present VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 281 8 by by IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 281 9 cell cell NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 281 10 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 281 11 surface surface NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 281 12 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 281 13 class class NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 281 14 I -PRON- PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 281 15 MHC MHC NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 281 16 proteins protein NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 281 17 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 282 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 282 2 present present VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 282 3 peptides peptide NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 282 4 derived derive VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 282 5 from from IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 282 6 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 282 7 proteins protein NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 282 8 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 282 9 enable enable VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 282 10 immune immune JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 282 11 tolerance tolerance NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 282 12 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 282 13 immune immune JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 282 14 surveillance surveillance NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 282 15 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 283 1 MHC MHC NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 283 2 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 283 3 presented present VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 283 4 out out RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 283 5 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 283 6 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 283 7 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 283 8 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 283 9 peptides peptide NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 283 10 were be VBD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 283 11 discovered discover VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 283 12 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 283 13 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 283 14 early early JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 283 15 1990 1990 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 283 16 's 's POS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 283 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 283 18 Shastri Shastri NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 283 19 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 283 20 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 283 21 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 283 22 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 283 23 1995 1995 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 283 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 283 25 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 283 26 have have VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 283 27 enabled enable VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 283 28 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 283 29 unbiased unbiased JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 283 30 identification identification NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 283 31 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 283 32 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 283 33 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 283 34 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 283 35 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 283 36 cells cell NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 283 37 long long RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 283 38 before before IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 283 39 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 283 40 technical technical JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 283 41 advances advance NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 283 42 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 283 43 MS MS NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 283 44 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 284 1 However however RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 284 2 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 284 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 284 4 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 284 5 technically technically RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 284 6 challenging challenging JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 284 7 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 284 8 use use VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 284 9 this this DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 284 10 approach approach NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 284 11 as as IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 284 12 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 284 13 systematic systematic JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 284 14 tool tool NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 284 15 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 284 16 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 284 17 identification identification NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 284 18 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 284 19 genomic genomic JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 284 20 out out IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 284 21 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 284 22 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 284 23 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 284 24 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 284 25 peptides peptide NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 284 26 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 285 1 In in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 285 2 which which WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 285 3 cellular cellular JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 285 4 processes process NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 285 5 should should MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 285 6 we -PRON- PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 285 7 expect expect VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 285 8 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 285 9 see see VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 285 10 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 285 11 high high JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 285 12 abundance abundance NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 285 13 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 285 14 frameshifted frameshifte VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 285 15 proteins protein NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 285 16 ? ? . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 286 1 In in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 286 2 principle principle NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 286 3 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 286 4 such such JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 286 5 proteins protein NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 286 6 might may MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 286 7 be be VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 286 8 involved involve VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 286 9 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 286 10 any any DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 286 11 cellular cellular JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 286 12 process process NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 286 13 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 286 14 but but CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 286 15 may may MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 286 16 be be VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 286 17 correlated correlate VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 286 18 with with IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 286 19 certain certain JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 286 20 cellular cellular JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 286 21 pathways pathway NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 286 22 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 287 1 For for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 287 2 instance instance NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 287 3 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 287 4 amino amino NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 287 5 acid acid NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 287 6 starvation starvation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 287 7 can can MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 287 8 induce induce VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 287 9 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 287 10 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 287 11 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 287 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 287 13 Barak Barak NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 287 14 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 287 15 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 287 16 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 287 17 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 287 18 1996 1996 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 287 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 287 20 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 288 1 One one CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 288 2 hypothesis hypothesis NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 288 3 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 288 4 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 288 5 this this DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 288 6 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 288 7 due due JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 288 8 to to IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 288 9 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 288 10 short short JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 288 11 supply supply NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 288 12 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 288 13 amino amino NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 288 14 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 288 15 acylated acylate VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 288 16 tRNA tRNA NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 288 17 as as IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 288 18 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 288 19 consequence consequence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 288 20 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 288 21 amino amino NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 288 22 acid acid JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 288 23 limitations limitation NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 288 24 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 289 1 This this DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 289 2 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 289 3 supported support VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 289 4 by by IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 289 5 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 289 6 observation observation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 289 7 that that WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 289 8 antizyme antizyme VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 289 9 expression expression NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 289 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 289 11 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 289 12 +1 +1 NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 289 13 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 289 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 289 15 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 289 16 maintained maintain VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 289 17 under under IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 289 18 conditions condition NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 289 19 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 289 20 amino amino NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 289 21 acid acid NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 289 22 starvation starvation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 289 23 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 289 24 while while IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 289 25 expression expression NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 289 26 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 289 27 ODC ODC NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 289 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 289 29 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 289 30 0 0 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 289 31 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 289 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 289 33 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 289 34 reduced reduce VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 289 35 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 289 36 rat rat NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 289 37 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 289 38 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 289 39 cells cell NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 289 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 289 41 Ray Ray NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 289 42 et et NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 289 43 al al NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 289 44 . . NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 289 45 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 289 46 2012 2012 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 289 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 289 48 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 290 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 290 2 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 290 3 treatment treatment NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 290 4 with with IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 290 5 mTOR mTOR NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 290 6 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 290 7 such such JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 290 8 as as IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 290 9 rapamycin rapamycin NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 290 10 also also RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 290 11 reduce reduce VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 290 12 0 0 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 290 13 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 290 14 expression expression NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 290 15 while while IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 290 16 maintaining maintain VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 290 17 antizyme antizyme NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 290 18 expression expression NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 290 19 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 291 1 One one PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 291 2 could could MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 291 3 hypothesize hypothesize VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 291 4 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 291 5 reduced reduce VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 291 6 fidelity fidelity NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 291 7 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 291 8 translation translation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 291 9 may may MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 291 10 enhance enhance VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 291 11 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 291 12 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 292 1 On on IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 292 2 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 292 3 other other JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 292 4 hand hand NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 292 5 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 292 6 both both DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 292 7 translation translation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 292 8 inhibition inhibition NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 292 9 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 292 10 amino amino NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 292 11 acid acid NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 292 12 starvation starvation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 292 13 are be VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 292 14 conditions condition NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 292 15 that that WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 292 16 increase increase VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 292 17 autophagy autophagy NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 292 18 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 292 19 eukaryotic eukaryotic JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 292 20 cells cell NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 292 21 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 292 22 raising raise VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 292 23 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 292 24 possibility possibility NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 292 25 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 292 26 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 292 27 production production NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 292 28 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 292 29 outof outof JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 292 30 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 292 31 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 292 32 proteins protein NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 292 33 may may MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 292 34 be be VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 292 35 functionally functionally RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 292 36 coupled couple VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 292 37 to to IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 292 38 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 292 39 regulation regulation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 292 40 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 292 41 autophagy autophagy NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 292 42 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 293 1 There there EX cord-291727-4wfhuvww 293 2 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 293 3 increasing increase VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 293 4 evidence evidence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 293 5 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 293 6 an an DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 293 7 alternative alternative JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 293 8 genome genome NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 293 9 / / SYM cord-291727-4wfhuvww 293 10 proteome proteome NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 293 11 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 293 12 both both DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 293 13 prokaryotes prokaryote NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 293 14 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 293 15 eukaryotes eukaryote NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 293 16 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 293 17 reflecting reflect VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 293 18 programmed program VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 293 19 ribosomal ribosomal JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 293 20 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 293 21 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 294 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 294 2 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 294 3 likely likely JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 294 4 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 294 5 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 294 6 combination combination NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 294 7 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 294 8 computational computational JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 294 9 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 294 10 experimental experimental JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 294 11 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 294 12 genomic genomic JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 294 13 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 294 14 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 294 15 proteomic proteomic JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 294 16 methods method NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 294 17 will will MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 294 18 be be VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 294 19 needed need VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 294 20 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 294 21 determine determine VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 294 22 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 294 23 entire entire JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 294 24 frameshifted frameshifte VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 294 25 proteome proteome NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 294 26 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 294 27 as as IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 294 28 required require VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 294 29 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 294 30 understand understand VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 294 31 fully fully RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 294 32 gene gene VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 294 33 expression expression NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 294 34 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 294 35 any any DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 294 36 organism organism NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 294 37 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 295 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 295 2 need need VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 295 3 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 295 4 identify identify VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 295 5 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 295 6 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 295 7 motifs motif NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 295 8 that that WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 295 9 enable enable VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 295 10 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 295 11 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 295 12 as as RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 295 13 well well RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 295 14 as as IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 295 15 all all PDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 295 16 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 295 17 genes gene NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 295 18 that that WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 295 19 produce produce VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 295 20 out out RP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 295 21 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 295 22 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 295 23 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 295 24 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 295 25 peptides peptide NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 295 26 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 296 1 Finally finally RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 296 2 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 296 3 as as IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 296 4 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 296 5 low low JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 296 6 level level NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 296 7 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 296 8 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 296 9 can can MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 296 10 be be VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 296 11 considered consider VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 296 12 " " `` cord-291727-4wfhuvww 296 13 biological biological JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 296 14 noise noise NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 296 15 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 296 16 " " `` cord-291727-4wfhuvww 296 17 we -PRON- PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 296 18 need need VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 296 19 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 296 20 determine determine VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 296 21 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 296 22 physiological physiological JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 296 23 relevance relevance NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 296 24 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 296 25 these these DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 296 26 frameshifted frameshifte VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 296 27 proteins protein NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 296 28 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 297 1 Following follow VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 297 2 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 297 3 intersubunit intersubunit JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 297 4 conformation conformation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 297 5 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 297 6 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 297 7 ribosome ribosome NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 297 8 during during IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 297 9 translation translation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 297 10 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 297 11 real real JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 297 12 time time NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 298 1 Readthrough Readthrough NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 298 2 strategies strategy NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 298 3 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 298 4 stop stop NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 298 5 codons codon NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 298 6 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 298 7 Duchenne Duchenne NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 298 8 muscular muscular JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 298 9 dystrophy dystrophy NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 1 On on IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 2 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 3 mechanism mechanism NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 4 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 5 leftward leftward NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 6 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 7 at at IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 8 several several JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 9 hungry hungry JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 10 codons codon NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 11 RECODE RECODE NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 12 : : : cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 13 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 14 database database NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 15 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 16 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 17 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 18 bypassing bypass VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 19 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 20 codon codon NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 21 redefinition redefinition NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 22 utilized utilize VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 23 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 24 gene gene NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 25 expression expression NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 26 Programmed program VBD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 27 ribosomal ribosomal JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 28 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 29 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 30 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 31 expression expression NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 32 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 33 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 34 regulator regulator NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 35 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 36 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 37 stem stem NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 38 cell cell NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 39 proliferation proliferation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 40 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 41 adenomatous adenomatous JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 42 polyposis polyposis NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 43 coli coli NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 45 APC APC NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 47 ARFA ARFA NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 48 : : : cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 49 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 50 program program NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 51 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 52 annotating annotate VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 53 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 54 release release NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 55 factor factor NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 56 genes gene NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 57 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 58 including include VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 59 prediction prediction NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 60 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 61 programmed program VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 62 ribosomal ribosomal JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 63 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 64 Recode-2 Recode-2 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 65 : : : cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 66 new new JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 67 design design NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 68 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 69 new new JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 70 search search NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 71 tools tool NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 72 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 73 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 74 many many JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 75 more more JJR cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 76 genes gene NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 77 Ornithine Ornithine NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 78 decarboxylase decarboxylase NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 79 antizyme antizyme NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 80 finder finder NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 81 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 82 OAF OAF NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 83 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 84 : : : cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 85 fast fast JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 86 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 87 reliable reliable JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 88 detection detection NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 89 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 90 antizymes antizymes NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 91 with with IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 92 frameshifts frameshift NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 93 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 94 mRNAs mrnas CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 95 Endogenous endogenous JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 96 ribosomal ribosomal JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 97 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 98 signals signal NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 99 operate operate VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 100 as as IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 101 mRNA mrna NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 102 destabilizing destabilize VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 103 elements element NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 104 through through IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 105 at at RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 106 least least RBS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 107 two two CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 108 molecular molecular JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 109 pathways pathway NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 110 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 111 yeast yeast NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 112 Evolution evolution NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 113 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 114 multilevel multilevel JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 115 optimization optimization NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 116 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 117 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 118 genetic genetic JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 119 code code NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 120 Targeting Targeting NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 121 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 122 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 123 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 124 human human JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 125 immunodeficiency immunodeficiency NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 299 126 virus virus NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 300 1 Programmed program VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 300 2 ribosomal ribosomal NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 300 3 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 300 4 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 300 5 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 300 6 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 300 7 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 300 8 SARS SARS NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 300 9 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 300 10 CoV CoV NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 300 11 A a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 300 12 homogeneous homogeneous JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 300 13 cell cell NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 300 14 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 300 15 based base VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 300 16 bicistronic bicistronic JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 300 17 fluorescence fluorescence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 300 18 assay assay NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 300 19 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 300 20 high high JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 300 21 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 300 22 throughput throughput NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 300 23 identification identification NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 300 24 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 300 25 drugs drug NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 300 26 that that WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 300 27 perturb perturb VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 300 28 viral viral JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 300 29 gene gene NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 300 30 recoding recoding NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 300 31 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 300 32 read read VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 300 33 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 300 34 through through NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 300 35 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 300 36 nonsense nonsense NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 300 37 stop stop NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 300 38 codons codon NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 300 39 Triplex Triplex NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 300 40 structures structure NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 300 41 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 300 42 an an DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 300 43 RNA RNA NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 300 44 pseudoknot pseudoknot NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 300 45 enhance enhance VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 300 46 mechanical mechanical JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 300 47 stability stability NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 300 48 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 300 49 increase increase VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 300 50 efficiency efficiency NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 300 51 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 300 52 −1 −1 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 300 53 ribosomal ribosomal NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 1 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 2 A a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 3 characteristic characteristic JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 4 bent bent JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 5 conformation conformation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 6 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 7 RNA RNA NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 8 pseudoknots pseudoknot NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 9 promotes promote VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 10 −1 −1 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 11 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 12 during during IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 13 translation translation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 14 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 15 retroviral retroviral JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 16 RNA RNA NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 17 Exon Exon NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 18 skipping skip VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 19 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 20 dystrophin dystrophin NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 21 restoration restoration NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 22 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 23 patients patient NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 24 with with IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 25 Duchenne Duchenne NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 26 muscular muscular JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 27 dystrophy dystrophy NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 28 after after IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 29 systemic systemic JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 30 phosphorodiamidate phosphorodiamidate NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 31 morpholino morpholino NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 32 oligomer oligomer NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 33 treatment treatment NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 34 : : : cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 35 an an DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 36 open open JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 37 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 38 label label NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 39 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 40 phase phase NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 41 2 2 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 42 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 43 dose dose NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 44 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 45 escalation escalation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 46 study study NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 47 Mammalian mammalian JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 48 gene gene NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 49 PEG10 PEG10 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 50 expresses express VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 51 two two CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 52 reading read VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 53 frames frame NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 54 by by IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 55 high high JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 56 efficiency efficiency NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 57 −1 −1 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 58 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 59 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 60 embryonic embryonic JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 61 Control Control NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 62 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 63 gene gene NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 64 expression expression NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 65 by by IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 66 translational translational JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 67 recoding recode VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 68 Mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 69 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 70 implications implication NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 71 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 72 programmed program VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 73 translational translational JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 74 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 75 An an DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 76 algorithm algorithm NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 77 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 78 computing compute VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 79 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 80 acid acid NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 81 base base NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 82 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 83 pairing pair VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 84 probabilities probability NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 85 including include VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 86 pseudoknots pseudoknot NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 87 Decreasing decrease VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 88 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 89 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 90 efficiency efficiency NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 91 translates translate VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 92 into into IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 93 an an DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 94 equivalent equivalent JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 95 reduction reduction NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 96 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 97 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 98 replication replication NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 99 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 100 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 101 human human JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 102 immunodeficiency immunodeficiency NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 103 virus virus NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 104 type type NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 105 1 1 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 106 Detecting detect VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 107 overlapping overlap VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 108 coding coding NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 109 sequences sequence NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 110 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 111 virus virus NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 301 112 genomes genome NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 302 1 The the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 302 2 presence presence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 302 3 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 302 4 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 302 5 TAR TAR NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 302 6 RNA RNA NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 302 7 structure structure NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 302 8 alters alter VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 302 9 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 302 10 programmed program VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 302 11 −1 −1 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 302 12 ribosomal ribosomal JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 302 13 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 302 14 efficiency efficiency NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 302 15 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 302 16 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 302 17 human human JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 302 18 immunodeficiency immunodeficiency NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 302 19 virus virus NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 302 20 type type NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 302 21 1 1 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 302 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 302 23 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 302 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 302 25 by by IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 302 26 modifying modify VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 302 27 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 302 28 rate rate NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 302 29 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 302 30 translation translation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 302 31 initiation initiation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 302 32 A a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 302 33 dualluciferase dualluciferase NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 302 34 reporter reporter NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 302 35 system system NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 302 36 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 302 37 studying study VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 302 38 recoding recode VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 302 39 signals signal NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 303 1 Expression expression NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 303 2 levels level NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 303 3 influence influence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 303 4 ribosomal ribosomal NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 303 5 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 303 6 at at IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 303 7 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 303 8 tandem tandem JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 303 9 rare rare JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 303 10 arginine arginine NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 303 11 codons codon NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 303 12 AGG_AGG agg_agg CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 303 13 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 303 14 AGA_AGA AGA_AGA NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 303 15 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 303 16 Escherichia Escherichia NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 303 17 coli coli VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 303 18 Identification identification NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 303 19 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 303 20 putative putative JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 303 21 programmed programmed JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 303 22 −1 −1 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 303 23 ribosomal ribosomal JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 303 24 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 303 25 signals signal NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 303 26 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 303 27 large large JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 303 28 DNA dna NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 303 29 databases database NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 303 30 Correlation correlation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 303 31 between between IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 303 32 mechanical mechanical JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 303 33 strength strength NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 303 34 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 303 35 messenger messenger NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 303 36 RNA RNA NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 303 37 pseudoknots pseudoknot NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 303 38 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 303 39 ribosomal ribosomal NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 304 1 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 304 2 An an DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 304 3 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 304 4 vivo vivo NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 304 5 dual dual JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 304 6 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 304 7 luciferase luciferase NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 304 8 assay assay NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 304 9 system system NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 304 10 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 304 11 studying study VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 304 12 translational translational JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 304 13 recoding recoding NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 304 14 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 304 15 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 304 16 yeast yeast NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 304 17 Saccharomyces saccharomyce NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 304 18 cerevisiae cerevisiae VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 304 19 Creation creation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 304 20 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 304 21 disruption disruption NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 304 22 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 304 23 protein protein NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 304 24 features feature NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 304 25 by by IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 304 26 alternative alternative JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 304 27 splicing splicing NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 304 28 -a -a HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 304 29 novel novel NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 304 30 mechanism mechanism NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 304 31 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 304 32 modulate modulate VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 304 33 function function NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 1 An an DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 2 unappreciated unappreciated JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 3 role role NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 4 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 5 RNA RNA NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 6 surveillance surveillance NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 7 Genome genome NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 8 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 9 wide wide JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 10 analysis analysis NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 11 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 12 vivo vivo NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 13 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 14 translation translation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 15 with with IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 16 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 17 resolution resolution NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 18 using use VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 19 ribosome ribosome NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 20 profiling profile VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 21 Ribosome Ribosome NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 22 profiling profiling NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 23 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 24 mouse mouse NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 25 embryonic embryonic JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 26 stem stem NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 27 cells cell NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 28 reveals reveal VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 29 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 30 complexity complexity NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 31 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 32 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 33 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 34 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 35 proteomes proteome NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 36 Antizyme Antizyme NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 37 expression expression NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 38 : : : cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 39 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 40 subversion subversion NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 41 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 42 triplet triplet NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 43 decoding decoding NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 44 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 45 which which WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 46 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 47 remarkably remarkably RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 48 conserved conserve VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 49 by by IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 50 evolution evolution NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 51 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 52 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 53 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 54 sensor sensor NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 55 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 56 an an DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 57 autoregulatory autoregulatory NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 58 circuit circuit NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 59 Conservation Conservation NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 60 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 61 polyamine polyamine NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 62 regulation regulation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 63 by by IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 64 translational translational JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 65 frameshifting frameshifting NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 66 from from IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 67 yeast yeast NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 68 to to IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 69 mammals mammal NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 70 Identification identification NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 71 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 72 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 73 cellular cellular JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 74 factor factor NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 75 that that WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 305 76 modulates modulate VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 1 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 2 programmed program VBD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 3 ribosomal ribosomal JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 4 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 5 Small small JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 6 peptides peptide NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 7 switch switch VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 8 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 9 transcriptional transcriptional JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 10 activity activity NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 11 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 12 Shavenbaby Shavenbaby NNPS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 13 during during IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 14 Drosophila drosophila JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 15 embryogenesis embryogenesis NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 16 Annexin Annexin NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 17 A2 A2 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 18 binds bind VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 19 RNA RNA NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 20 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 21 reduces reduce VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 22 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 23 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 24 efficiency efficiency NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 25 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 26 infectious infectious JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 27 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 28 virus virus NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 29 Ribosome Ribosome NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 30 can can MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 31 resume resume VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 32 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 33 translation translation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 34 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 35 both both CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 36 +1 +1 NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 37 or or CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 38 −1 −1 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 39 frames frame NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 40 after after IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 41 encountering encounter VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 42 an an DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 43 AGA AGA NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 44 cluster cluster NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 45 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 46 Escherichia Escherichia NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 47 coli coli VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 48 FSscan FSscan NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 49 : : : cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 50 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 51 mechanism mechanism NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 52 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 53 based base VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 54 program program NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 55 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 56 identify identify VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 57 +1 +1 XX cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 58 ribosomal ribosomal JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 59 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 60 hotspots hotspot NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 61 Gene Gene NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 62 expression expression NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 63 from from IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 64 viral viral JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 65 RNA RNA NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 66 genomes genome NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 67 Gentamicin gentamicin NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 68 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 69 induced induce VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 70 readthrough readthrough NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 71 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 72 stop stop NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 73 codons codon NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 74 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 75 Duchenne Duchenne NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 76 muscular muscular JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 77 dystrophy dystrophy NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 78 Aminoglycoside Aminoglycoside NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 79 suppression suppression NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 80 at at IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 81 UAG UAG NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 82 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 83 UAA UAA NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 84 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 85 UGA UGA NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 86 codons codon NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 87 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 88 Escherichia Escherichia NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 89 coli coli NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 90 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 91 human human JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 92 tissue tissue NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 93 culture culture NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 306 94 cells cell NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 307 1 Extensive extensive JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 307 2 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 307 3 at at IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 307 4 all all DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 307 5 AGG AGG NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 307 6 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 307 7 CCC CCC NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 307 8 codons codon NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 307 9 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 307 10 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 307 11 mitochondrial mitochondrial JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 307 12 cytochrome cytochrome NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 307 13 c c NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 307 14 oxidase oxidase NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 307 15 subunit subunit NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 307 16 1 1 CD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 307 17 gene gene NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 307 18 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 307 19 Perkinsus Perkinsus NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 307 20 marinus marinus NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 307 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 307 22 Alveolata Alveolata NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 307 23 ; ; : cord-291727-4wfhuvww 307 24 Dinoflagellata Dinoflagellata NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 307 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-291727-4wfhuvww 307 26 Observation observation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 307 27 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 307 28 dually dually RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 307 29 decoded decode VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 307 30 regions region NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 307 31 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 307 32 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 307 33 human human JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 307 34 genome genome NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 307 35 using use VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 307 36 ribosome ribosome NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 307 37 profiling profiling NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 307 38 data datum NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 308 1 FSDB FSDB NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 308 2 : : : cord-291727-4wfhuvww 309 1 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 309 2 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 309 3 signal signal NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 309 4 database database NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 309 5 Antizyme Antizyme NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 309 6 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 309 7 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 309 8 protein protein NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 309 9 induced induce VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 309 10 by by IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 309 11 polyamines polyamine NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 309 12 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 309 13 accelerates accelerate VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 309 14 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 309 15 degradation degradation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 309 16 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 309 17 ornithine ornithine NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 309 18 decarboxylase decarboxylase NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 309 19 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 309 20 Chinese chinese JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 309 21 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 309 22 hamster hamster NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 309 23 ovary ovary NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 309 24 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 309 25 cell cell NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 309 26 extracts extract VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 309 27 A a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 309 28 rule rule NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 309 29 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 309 30 termination termination NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 309 31 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 309 32 codon codon NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 309 33 position position NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 309 34 within within IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 309 35 intron intron NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 309 36 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 309 37 containing contain VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 309 38 genes gene NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 309 39 : : : cord-291727-4wfhuvww 309 40 when when WRB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 309 41 nonsense nonsense NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 309 42 affects affect VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 309 43 RNA RNA NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 309 44 abundance abundance NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 310 1 A a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 310 2 mechanical mechanical JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 310 3 explanation explanation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 310 4 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 310 5 RNA RNA NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 310 6 pseudoknot pseudoknot NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 310 7 function function VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 310 8 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 310 9 programmed program VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 310 10 ribosomal ribosomal JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 310 11 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 310 12 Reprogrammed reprogrammed JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 310 13 genetic genetic JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 310 14 decoding decoding NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 310 15 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 310 16 cellular cellular JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 310 17 gene gene NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 310 18 expression expression NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 311 1 Polyamines polyamine NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 311 2 regulate regulate VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 311 3 both both DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 311 4 transcription transcription NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 311 5 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 311 6 translation translation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 311 7 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 311 8 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 311 9 gene gene NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 311 10 encoding encode VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 311 11 ornithine ornithine NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 311 12 decarboxylase decarboxylase NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 311 13 antizyme antizyme NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 311 14 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 311 15 mouse mouse NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 311 16 Birth birth NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 311 17 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 311 18 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 311 19 unique unique JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 311 20 enzyme enzyme NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 311 21 from from IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 311 22 an an DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 311 23 alternative alternative JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 311 24 reading reading NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 311 25 frame frame NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 311 26 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 311 27 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 311 28 preexisted preexisted JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 311 29 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 311 30 internally internally RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 311 31 repetitious repetitious JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 311 32 coding coding NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 311 33 sequence sequence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 311 34 Frequent frequent JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 311 35 appearance appearance NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 311 36 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 311 37 novel novel JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 311 38 protein protein NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 311 39 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 311 40 coding code VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 311 41 sequences sequence NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 311 42 by by IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 311 43 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 311 44 translation translation NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 1 A a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 2 programmed program VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 3 −1 −1 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 4 ribosomal ribosomal JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 5 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 6 signal signal NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 7 can can MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 8 function function VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 9 as as IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 10 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 11 cis cis NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 12 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 13 acting act VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 14 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 15 destabilizing destabilize VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 16 element element NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 17 Functional functional JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 18 divergence divergence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 19 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 20 proteins protein NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 21 through through IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 22 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 23 mutations mutation NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 24 A a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 25 rapid rapid JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 26 , , , cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 27 inexpensive inexpensive JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 28 yeast yeast NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 29 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 30 based base VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 31 dual dual JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 32 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 33 fluorescence fluorescence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 34 assay assay NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 35 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 36 programmed-1 programmed-1 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 37 ribosomal ribosomal JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 38 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 39 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 40 high high JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 41 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 42 throughput throughput NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 43 screening screening NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 44 Origin origin NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 45 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 46 evolution evolution NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 47 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 48 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 49 new new JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 50 gene gene NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 51 expressed express VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 52 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 53 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 54 Drosophila Drosophila NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 55 sperm sperm NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 56 axoneme axoneme NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 57 Amino Amino NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 58 acids acid NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 59 regulate regulate VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 60 expression expression NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 61 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 62 antizyme-1 antizyme-1 NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 63 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 64 modulate modulate VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 65 ornithine ornithine NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 66 decarboxylase decarboxylase NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 67 activity activity NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 68 HotKnots HotKnots NNPS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 69 : : : cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 70 heuristic heuristic JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 71 prediction prediction NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 72 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 73 RNA RNA NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 74 secondary secondary JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 75 structures structure NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 76 including include VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 77 pseudoknots pseudoknot NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 78 A a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 79 dynamic dynamic JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 80 programming programming NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 81 algorithm algorithm NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 82 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 83 RNA RNA NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 84 structure structure NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 85 prediction prediction NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 86 including include VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 312 87 pseudoknots pseudoknot NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 313 1 An an DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 313 2 overlapping overlap VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 313 3 genetic genetic JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 313 4 code code NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 313 5 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 313 6 frameshifted frameshifte VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 313 7 overlapping overlapping JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 313 8 genes gene NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 313 9 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 313 10 Drosophila Drosophila NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 313 11 mitochondria mitochondrion NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 313 12 : : : cord-291727-4wfhuvww 314 1 antisense antisense NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 314 2 antitermination antitermination NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 314 3 tRNAs tRNAs NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 315 1 UAR UAR NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 315 2 insert insert NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 315 3 serine serine NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 315 4 Computational computational JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 315 5 identification identification NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 315 6 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 315 7 putative putative JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 315 8 programmed program VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 315 9 translational translational JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 315 10 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 315 11 sites site NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 315 12 Major major JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 315 13 histocompatibility histocompatibility NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 315 14 class class NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 316 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 316 2 molecules molecule NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 316 3 can can MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 316 4 present present VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 316 5 cryptic cryptic JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 316 6 Hungry Hungry NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 316 7 codons codon NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 316 8 promote promote VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 316 9 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 316 10 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 316 11 human human JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 316 12 mitochondrial mitochondrial NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 316 13 ribosomes ribosomes VBP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 316 14 KnotInFrame KnotInFrame NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 316 15 : : : cord-291727-4wfhuvww 316 16 prediction prediction NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 316 17 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 316 18 −1 −1 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 316 19 ribosomal ribosomal JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 316 20 frameshift frameshift NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 316 21 events event NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 316 22 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 316 23 pseudoknot pseudoknot NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 316 24 structures structure NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 316 25 can can MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 316 26 act act VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 316 27 as as IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 316 28 ribosomal ribosomal JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 316 29 roadblocks roadblock NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 317 1 OAZ OAZ NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 317 2 - - HYPH cord-291727-4wfhuvww 317 3 t t NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 317 4 / / SYM cord-291727-4wfhuvww 317 5 OAZ3 OAZ3 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 317 6 is be VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 317 7 essential essential JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 317 8 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 317 9 rigid rigid JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 317 10 connection connection NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 317 11 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 317 12 sperm sperm NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 317 13 tails tail NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 317 14 to to IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 317 15 heads head NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 317 16 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 317 17 mouse mouse NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 317 18 Ribosomal Ribosomal NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 317 19 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 317 20 on on IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 317 21 MJD-1 MJD-1 NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 317 22 transcripts transcript NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 317 23 with with IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 317 24 long long JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 317 25 CAG CAG NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 317 26 tracts tract NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 317 27 I -PRON- PRP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 317 28 would would MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 317 29 like like VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 317 30 to to TO cord-291727-4wfhuvww 317 31 thank thank VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 317 32 Joern Joern NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 317 33 Dengjel Dengjel NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 317 34 and and CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 317 35 Martin Martin NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 317 36 Raff Raff NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 317 37 for for IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 317 38 critically critically RB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 317 39 reading read VBG cord-291727-4wfhuvww 317 40 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 317 41 manuscript manuscript NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 317 42 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 318 1 This this DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 318 2 work work NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 318 3 was be VBD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 318 4 supported support VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 318 5 by by IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 318 6 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 318 7 Medical Medical NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 318 8 Research Research NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 318 9 Council Council NNP cord-291727-4wfhuvww 318 10 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 319 1 The the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 319 2 author author NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 319 3 declares declare VBZ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 319 4 that that IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 319 5 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 319 6 research research NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 319 7 was be VBD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 319 8 conducted conduct VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 319 9 in in IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 319 10 the the DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 319 11 absence absence NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 319 12 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 319 13 any any DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 319 14 commercial commercial JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 319 15 or or CC cord-291727-4wfhuvww 319 16 financial financial JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 319 17 relationships relationship NNS cord-291727-4wfhuvww 319 18 that that WDT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 319 19 could could MD cord-291727-4wfhuvww 319 20 be be VB cord-291727-4wfhuvww 319 21 construed construe VBN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 319 22 as as IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 319 23 a a DT cord-291727-4wfhuvww 319 24 potential potential JJ cord-291727-4wfhuvww 319 25 conflict conflict NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 319 26 of of IN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 319 27 interest interest NN cord-291727-4wfhuvww 319 28 . . . cord-291727-4wfhuvww 319 29 _SP