Carrel name: keyword-ppe-cord Creating study carrel named keyword-ppe-cord Initializing database file: cache/cord-009432-0ahamczt.json key: cord-009432-0ahamczt authors: Ip, Vivian; Özelsel, Timur J. P.; Sondekoppam, Rakesh V.; Tsui, Ban C. H. title: VID-19 pandemic: the 3R’s (reduce, refine, and replace) of personal protective equipment (PPE) sustainability date: 2020-04-14 journal: Can J Anaesth DOI: 10.1007/s12630-020-01653-0 sha: doc_id: 9432 cord_uid: 0ahamczt file: cache/cord-011413-yv4x8viu.json key: cord-011413-yv4x8viu authors: Shekar, Kiran; Badulak, Jenelle; Peek, Giles; Boeken, Udo; Dalton, Heidi J.; Arora, Lovkesh; Zakhary, Bishoy; Ramanathan, Kollengode; Starr, Joanne; Akkanti, Bindu; Antonini, M. Velia; Ogino, Mark T.; Raman, Lakshmi; Barret, Nicholas; Brodie, Daniel; Combes, Alain; Lorusso, Roberto; MacLaren, Graeme; Müller, Thomas; Paden, Matthew; Pellegrino, Vincent title: Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Coronavirus Disease 2019 Interim Guidelines: A Consensus Document from an International Group of Interdisciplinary Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Providers date: 2020-05-12 journal: ASAIO J DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000001193 sha: doc_id: 11413 cord_uid: yv4x8viu file: cache/cord-271048-tq1sk01g.json key: cord-271048-tq1sk01g authors: Ellis, R.; Hay-David, A.G.C.; Brennan, P.A. title: Operating during the COVID-19 pandemic: How to reduce medical error date: 2020-04-13 journal: Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.04.002 sha: doc_id: 271048 cord_uid: tq1sk01g file: cache/cord-029722-85h5060v.json key: cord-029722-85h5060v authors: Proffitt, Edmund title: Decoding the English standard operating procedures for dentists and the dental industry date: 2020-07-24 journal: Br Dent J DOI: 10.1038/s41415-020-1853-7 sha: doc_id: 29722 cord_uid: 85h5060v file: cache/cord-267996-5l9shks8.json key: cord-267996-5l9shks8 authors: Tysiąc-Miśta, Monika; Dziedzic, Arkadiusz title: The Attitudes and Professional Approaches of Dental Practitioners during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Poland: A Cross-Sectional Survey date: 2020-06-30 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17134703 sha: doc_id: 267996 cord_uid: 5l9shks8 file: cache/cord-016223-nk8xwa0t.json key: cord-016223-nk8xwa0t authors: Andersen, Bjørg Marit title: Strict Isolation date: 2018-09-25 journal: Prevention and Control of Infections in Hospitals DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-99921-0_19 sha: doc_id: 16223 cord_uid: nk8xwa0t file: cache/cord-277167-qdi6hu82.json key: cord-277167-qdi6hu82 authors: Fuzaylov, Gennadiy; Dabek, Robert J. title: Adjustment for international surgical outreach missions due to COVID-19 date: 2020-07-30 journal: Burns DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2020.07.016 sha: doc_id: 277167 cord_uid: qdi6hu82 file: cache/cord-258498-0mvxwo3w.json key: cord-258498-0mvxwo3w authors: Shah, Saleha title: COVID-19 and paediatric dentistry- traversing the challenges. A narrative review date: 2020-08-21 journal: Ann Med Surg (Lond) DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.08.007 sha: doc_id: 258498 cord_uid: 0mvxwo3w file: cache/cord-102456-6jt4ksha.json key: cord-102456-6jt4ksha authors: Taylor-Cousar, Jennifer L.; Maier, Lisa; Downey, Gregory P.; Wechsler, Michael E. title: How I Do It: Restarting Respiratory Clinical Research in the Era of the COVID19 Pandemic date: 2020-11-13 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.11.001 sha: doc_id: 102456 cord_uid: 6jt4ksha file: cache/cord-264614-2x7cdul3.json key: cord-264614-2x7cdul3 authors: Díaz-Guio, Diego Andrés; Díaz-Guio, Yimmy; Pinzón-Rodas, Valentina; Díaz-Gomez, Ana Sofía; Guarín-Medina, Jorge Andrés; Chaparro-Zúñiga, Yesid; Ricardo-Zapata, Alejandra; Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J. title: COVID-19: Biosafety in the Intensive Care Unit date: 2020-08-27 journal: Curr Trop Med Rep DOI: 10.1007/s40475-020-00208-z sha: doc_id: 264614 cord_uid: 2x7cdul3 file: cache/cord-272585-346ef6qy.json key: cord-272585-346ef6qy authors: Lombardi, JM; Bottiglieri, T; Desai, N; Riew, KD; Boddapati, V; Weller, M; Bourgois, C; McChrystal, S; Lehman, RA title: Addressing a National Crisis: The Spine Hospital and Department's Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in New York City date: 2020-05-31 journal: Spine J DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2020.05.539 sha: doc_id: 272585 cord_uid: 346ef6qy file: cache/cord-295322-9kye4w9g.json key: cord-295322-9kye4w9g authors: Kumar, Parmeshwar; Killedar, Makhdoom; Singh, Gagandeep title: Adaptation of the ‘Assembly Line’ and ‘Brick System’ techniques for hospital resource management of personal protective equipment, as preparedness for mitigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in a large public hospital in India date: 2020-05-22 journal: J Hosp Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.05.029 sha: doc_id: 295322 cord_uid: 9kye4w9g file: cache/cord-026765-cw4rh1on.json key: cord-026765-cw4rh1on authors: Dingle, M.; Irshad, H.; McKernon, S.; Taylor, K. title: Altered exodontia techniques date: 2020-06-12 journal: Br Dent J DOI: 10.1038/s41415-020-1726-0 sha: doc_id: 26765 cord_uid: cw4rh1on file: cache/cord-035137-uxtaw02u.json key: cord-035137-uxtaw02u authors: Chowdhury, Anis Z.; Jomo, K. S. title: Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Developing Countries: Lessons from Selected Countries of the Global South date: 2020-11-10 journal: Development (Rome) DOI: 10.1057/s41301-020-00256-y sha: doc_id: 35137 cord_uid: uxtaw02u file: cache/cord-258504-pnd46ipd.json key: cord-258504-pnd46ipd authors: Bleasdale, Susan C.; Sikka, Monica K.; Moritz, Donna C.; Fritzen-Pedicini, Charissa; Stiehl, Emily; Brosseau, Lisa M.; Jones, Rachael M. title: Experience of Chicagoland acute care hospitals in preparing for Ebola virus disease, 2014–2015 date: 2019-07-08 journal: J Occup Environ Hyg DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2019.1628966 sha: doc_id: 258504 cord_uid: pnd46ipd file: cache/cord-028285-n4dommet.json key: cord-028285-n4dommet authors: Weilongorska, Natasha L.; Ekwobi, Chidi C. title: COVID-19: What are the challenges for NHS surgery? date: 2020-07-02 journal: Curr Probl Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.cpsurg.2020.100856 sha: doc_id: 28285 cord_uid: n4dommet file: cache/cord-031378-iy67xnec.json key: cord-031378-iy67xnec authors: Atif, Iqra; Cawood, Frederick Thomas; Mahboob, Muhammad Ahsan title: The Role of Digital Technologies that Could Be Applied for Prescreening in the Mining Industry During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-03 journal: Trans Indian Natl DOI: 10.1007/s41403-020-00164-0 sha: doc_id: 31378 cord_uid: iy67xnec file: cache/cord-259984-csdf1a69.json key: cord-259984-csdf1a69 authors: Raffiq, Azman; Seng, Liew Boon; San, Lim Swee; Zakaria, Zaitun; Yee, Ang Song; Fitzrol, Diana Noma; Hassan, Wan Mohd Nazaruddin Wan; Idris, Zamzuri; Ghani, Abdul Rahman Izaini; Rosman, Azmin Kass; Abdullah, Jafri Malin title: COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Impact on Neurosurgery Practice in Malaysia: Academic Insights, Clinical Experience and Protocols from March till August 2020 date: 2020-10-27 journal: Malays J Med Sci DOI: 10.21315/mjms2020.27.5.14 sha: doc_id: 259984 cord_uid: csdf1a69 file: cache/cord-025623-1v9614f8.json key: cord-025623-1v9614f8 authors: Mahapatra, Pallab Sinha; Chatterjee, Souvick; Tiwari, Manish K.; Ganguly, Ranjan; Megaridis, Constantine M. title: Surface Treatments to Enhance the Functionality of PPEs date: 2020-05-29 journal: Trans Indian Natl DOI: 10.1007/s41403-020-00110-0 sha: doc_id: 25623 cord_uid: 1v9614f8 file: cache/cord-285960-1zuhilmu.json key: cord-285960-1zuhilmu authors: Conly, John; Seto, W. H.; Pittet, Didier; Holmes, Alison; Chu, May; Hunter, Paul R. title: Use of medical face masks versus particulate respirators as a component of personal protective equipment for health care workers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-06 journal: Antimicrob Resist Infect Control DOI: 10.1186/s13756-020-00779-6 sha: doc_id: 285960 cord_uid: 1zuhilmu file: cache/cord-294916-xc9ozxyn.json key: cord-294916-xc9ozxyn authors: Oehmen, Josef; Locatelli, Giorgio; Wied, Morten; Willumsen, Pelle title: Risk, uncertainty, ignorance and myopia: Their managerial implications for B2B firms date: 2020-07-31 journal: Industrial Marketing Management DOI: 10.1016/j.indmarman.2020.05.018 sha: doc_id: 294916 cord_uid: xc9ozxyn file: cache/cord-274477-jkjyh4cs.json key: cord-274477-jkjyh4cs authors: Zhang, Zhiruo; Liu, Shelan; Xiang, Mi; Li, Shijian; Zhao, Dahai; Huang, Chaolin; Chen, Saijuan title: Protecting healthcare personnel from 2019-nCoV infection risks: lessons and suggestions date: 2020-03-23 journal: Front Med DOI: 10.1007/s11684-020-0765-x sha: doc_id: 274477 cord_uid: jkjyh4cs file: cache/cord-281762-qwlfikfl.json key: cord-281762-qwlfikfl authors: Shorten, George D. title: Personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic (Letter #1) date: 2020-08-07 journal: Can J Anaesth DOI: 10.1007/s12630-020-01784-4 sha: doc_id: 281762 cord_uid: qwlfikfl file: cache/cord-027880-1apexs6o.json key: cord-027880-1apexs6o authors: Hankenson, F. Claire; Mauntel, Mark; Willard, Jamie; Pittsley, Leslie; Degg, William; Burnell, Niko; Vierling, Alan; Griffis, Stanley title: Vaporized Hydrogen Peroxide Decontamination of N95 Respirators in a Dedicated Animal Research Facility for Reuse During a Novel Coronavirus Pandemic date: 2020-06-24 journal: Appl Biosaf DOI: 10.1177/1535676020936381 sha: doc_id: 27880 cord_uid: 1apexs6o file: cache/cord-276945-gly0stxm.json key: cord-276945-gly0stxm authors: Coxon, Kirstie; Turienzo, Cristina Fernandez; Kweekel, Liselotte; Goodarzi, Bahareh; Brigante, Lia; Simon, Agnes; Lanau, Miriam Morlans title: The impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on maternity care in Europe date: 2020-06-10 journal: Midwifery DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2020.102779 sha: doc_id: 276945 cord_uid: gly0stxm file: cache/cord-279396-qmixem8i.json key: cord-279396-qmixem8i authors: Carter, Chris; Notter, Joy title: COVID-19 Disease: a critical care perspective date: 2020-06-01 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.intcar.2020.100003 sha: doc_id: 279396 cord_uid: qmixem8i file: cache/cord-287303-b7vg439c.json key: cord-287303-b7vg439c authors: Piché-Renaud, Pierre-Philippe; Groves, Helen E.; Kitano, Taito; Arnold, Callum; Thomas, Angela; Streitenberger, Laurie; Alexander, Laura; Morris, Shaun K.; Science, Michelle title: Healthcare worker perception of a global outbreak of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) and personal protective equipment: Survey of a pediatric tertiary-care hospital date: 2020-08-12 journal: Infection control and hospital epidemiology DOI: 10.1017/ice.2020.415 sha: doc_id: 287303 cord_uid: b7vg439c file: cache/cord-264479-s20oacr9.json key: cord-264479-s20oacr9 authors: Bern-Klug, Mercedes; Beaulieu, Elise title: COVID-19 Highlights the Need for Trained Social Workers in Nursing Homes date: 2020-05-25 journal: J Am Med Dir Assoc DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.05.049 sha: doc_id: 264479 cord_uid: s20oacr9 file: cache/cord-268874-ldja6aa4.json key: cord-268874-ldja6aa4 authors: Park, Sun Hee title: Personal Protective Equipment for Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-24 journal: Infect Chemother DOI: 10.3947/ic.2020.52.2.165 sha: doc_id: 268874 cord_uid: ldja6aa4 file: cache/cord-258965-g47n531n.json key: cord-258965-g47n531n authors: Ekpenyong, Bernadine; Obinwanne, Chukwuemeka J.; Ovenseri-Ogbomo, Godwin; Ahaiwe, Kelechukwu; Lewis, Okonokhua O.; Echendu, Damian C.; Osuagwu, Uchechukwu L. title: Assessment of Knowledge, Practice and Guidelines towards the Novel COVID-19 among Eye Care Practitioners in Nigeria–A Survey-Based Study date: 2020-07-16 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17145141 sha: doc_id: 258965 cord_uid: g47n531n file: cache/cord-270156-qrzjgzyk.json key: cord-270156-qrzjgzyk authors: Cafferkey, J. J.; Hampson, D. O.; Ross, C.; Kooner, A. S.; Martin, G. F.; Kinross, J. M. title: Using HoloLens™ to reduce staff exposure to aerosol generating procedures during a global pandemic date: 2020-05-26 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.24.20107193 sha: doc_id: 270156 cord_uid: qrzjgzyk file: cache/cord-253933-29tedkf8.json key: cord-253933-29tedkf8 authors: David, Abel P.; Russell, Marika D.; El‐Sayed, Ivan H.; Russell, Matthew S. title: Tracheostomy guidelines developed at a large academic medical center during the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-04-27 journal: Head Neck DOI: 10.1002/hed.26191 sha: doc_id: 253933 cord_uid: 29tedkf8 file: cache/cord-271603-zy4l9vtf.json key: cord-271603-zy4l9vtf authors: Skali, Hicham; Murthy, Venkatesh L.; Paez, Diana; Choi, Elisa M.; Keng, Felix Y. J.; Iain, McGhie A.; Al-Mallah, Mouaz; Campisi, Roxana; Bateman, Timothy M.; Carrio, Ignasi; Beanlands, Rob; Calnon, Dennis A.; Dilsizian, Vasken; Dondi, Maurizio; Gimelli, Alessia; Pagnanelli, Robert; Polk, Donna M.; Soman, Prem; Einstein, Andrew J.; Dorbala, Sharmila; Thompson, Randall C. title: Guidance and Best Practices for Reestablishment of Non-Emergent Care in Nuclear Cardiology Laboratories During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: An Information Statement from ASNC, IAEA, and SNMMI date: 2020-10-17 journal: J Nucl Med DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.251355 sha: doc_id: 271603 cord_uid: zy4l9vtf file: cache/cord-281099-l2i7r1bp.json key: cord-281099-l2i7r1bp authors: Izzetti, Rossana; Gennai, Stefano; Nisi, Marco; Barone, Antonio; Giuca, Maria Rita; Gabriele, Mario; Graziani, Filippo title: A perspective on dental activity during COVID‐19: the Italian survey. date: 2020-08-13 journal: Oral Dis DOI: 10.1111/odi.13606 sha: doc_id: 281099 cord_uid: l2i7r1bp file: cache/cord-277350-zwu254n6.json key: cord-277350-zwu254n6 authors: Bianco, F.; Incollingo, P.; Grossi, U.; Gallo, G. title: Preventing transmission among operating room staff during COVID-19 pandemic: the role of the Aerosol Box and other personal protective equipment date: 2020-05-24 journal: Updates Surg DOI: 10.1007/s13304-020-00818-2 sha: doc_id: 277350 cord_uid: zwu254n6 file: cache/cord-281627-8cq18gja.json key: cord-281627-8cq18gja authors: Hon, Chun-Yip; Gamage, Bruce; Bryce, Elizabeth Ann; LoChang, Justin; Yassi, Annalee; Maultsaid, Deirdre; Yu, Shicheng title: Personal protective equipment in health care: Can online infection control courses transfer knowledge and improve proper selection and use? date: 2008-12-31 journal: American Journal of Infection Control DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2008.07.007 sha: doc_id: 281627 cord_uid: 8cq18gja file: cache/cord-286977-330p60oh.json key: cord-286977-330p60oh authors: Barcala-Furelos, Roberto; Szpilman, David; Abelairas-Gómez, Cristian; Calvete, Alejandra Alonso; Graña, María Domínguez; Martínez-Isasi, Santiago; Palacios-Aguilar, José; Rodríguez-Núñez, Antonio title: Plastic blanket drowning kit: A protection barrier to immediate resuscitation at the beach in the Covid-19 era. A pilot study. date: 2020-09-16 journal: Am J Emerg Med DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.08.101 sha: doc_id: 286977 cord_uid: 330p60oh file: cache/cord-266905-j9ljwqv0.json key: cord-266905-j9ljwqv0 authors: Ecker, Jeffrey L.; Minkoff, Howard L. title: Laboring Alone?: Brief Thoughts on Ethics and Practical Answers During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-15 journal: Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100141 sha: doc_id: 266905 cord_uid: j9ljwqv0 file: cache/cord-283900-4pa93xqi.json key: cord-283900-4pa93xqi authors: Khan, M. Ali; Sivalingam, Arunan; Haller, Julia A. title: Perceptions of Occupational Risk and Changes in Clinical Practice of U.S. Vitreoretinal Surgery Fellows during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-22 journal: Ophthalmology. Retina DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2020.05.011 sha: doc_id: 283900 cord_uid: 4pa93xqi file: cache/cord-002246-er9kqdjw.json key: cord-002246-er9kqdjw authors: Lim, Seong Mi; Cha, Won Chul; Chae, Minjung Kathy; Jo, Ik Joon title: Contamination during doffing of personal protective equipment by healthcare providers date: 2015-09-30 journal: Clin Exp Emerg Med DOI: 10.15441/ceem.15.019 sha: doc_id: 2246 cord_uid: er9kqdjw file: cache/cord-028605-ehercdou.json key: cord-028605-ehercdou authors: Merchan, Cristian; Soliman, Joshua; Ahuja, Tania; Arnouk, Serena; Keeley, Kelsey; Tracy, Joanna; Guerra, Gabriel; DaCosta, Kristopher; Papadopoulos, John; Dabestani, Arash title: COVID-19 pandemic preparedness: A practical guide from an operational pharmacy perspective date: 2020-06-16 journal: Am J Health Syst Pharm DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxaa212 sha: doc_id: 28605 cord_uid: ehercdou file: cache/cord-021907-omruua6n.json key: cord-021907-omruua6n authors: Hick, John L.; Thorne, Craig D. title: Personal Protective Equipment date: 2009-05-15 journal: Disaster Medicine DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-03253-7.50043-1 sha: doc_id: 21907 cord_uid: omruua6n file: cache/cord-281403-yl7jdarm.json key: cord-281403-yl7jdarm authors: Le, Aurora B.; Brooks, Erin G.; McNulty, Lily A.; Gill, James R.; Herstein, Jocelyn J.; Rios, Janelle; Patlovich, Scott J.; Jelden, Katelyn C.; Schmid, Kendra K.; Lowe, John J.; Gibbs, Shawn G. title: U.S. Medical Examiner/Coroner capability to handle highly infectious decedents date: 2018-11-06 journal: Forensic Sci Med Pathol DOI: 10.1007/s12024-018-0043-2 sha: doc_id: 281403 cord_uid: yl7jdarm file: cache/cord-256112-zg63v8hh.json key: cord-256112-zg63v8hh authors: Rowan, Neil J.; Laffey, John G. title: Challenges and solutions for addressing critical shortage of supply chain for personal and protective equipment (PPE) arising from Coronavirus disease (COVID19) pandemic – Case study from the Republic of Ireland date: 2020-07-10 journal: Sci Total Environ DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138532 sha: doc_id: 256112 cord_uid: zg63v8hh file: cache/cord-293055-8scoocvx.json key: cord-293055-8scoocvx authors: Deressa, W.; Worku, A.; Abebe, W.; Gizaw, M.; Amogne, W. title: Availability of personal protective equipment and satisfaction of healthcare professionals during COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia date: 2020-11-03 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.30.20223149 sha: doc_id: 293055 cord_uid: 8scoocvx file: cache/cord-205941-npp6566r.json key: cord-205941-npp6566r authors: Armani, Andrea M; Hurt, Darrell E; Hwang, Darryl; McCarthy, Meghan C; Scholtz, Alexis title: Low-tech solutions for the COVID19 supply chain crisis date: 2020-04-27 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 205941 cord_uid: npp6566r file: cache/cord-269900-7mzyib4r.json key: cord-269900-7mzyib4r authors: Ierardi, Anna Maria; Wood, Bradford J.; Gaudino, Chiara; Angileri, Salvatore Alessio; Jones, Elizabeth C.; Hausegger, Klaus; Carrafiello, Gianpaolo title: How to Handle a COVID-19 Patient in the Angiographic Suite date: 2020-04-10 journal: Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol DOI: 10.1007/s00270-020-02476-8 sha: doc_id: 269900 cord_uid: 7mzyib4r file: cache/cord-287707-ng0ha3vv.json key: cord-287707-ng0ha3vv authors: Pal, Arghya; Gupta, Prashant; Parmar, Arpit; Sharma, Pawan title: ‘Masking’ of the mental state: unintended consequences of personal protective equipment (PPE) on psychiatric clinical practice date: 2020-06-04 journal: Psychiatry Res DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113178 sha: doc_id: 287707 cord_uid: ng0ha3vv file: cache/cord-296306-xcomjvaa.json key: cord-296306-xcomjvaa authors: Rivett, Lucy; Sridhar, Sushmita; Sparkes, Dominic; Routledge, Matthew; Jones, Nick K; Forrest, Sally; Young, Jamie; Pereira-Dias, Joana; Hamilton, William L; Ferris, Mark; Torok, M Estee; Meredith, Luke; Curran, Martin D; Fuller, Stewart; Chaudhry, Afzal; Shaw, Ashley; Samworth, Richard J; Bradley, John R; Dougan, Gordon; Smith, Kenneth GC; Lehner, Paul J; Matheson, Nicholas J; Wright, Giles; Goodfellow, Ian G; Baker, Stephen; Weekes, Michael P title: Screening of healthcare workers for SARS-CoV-2 highlights the role of asymptomatic carriage in COVID-19 transmission date: 2020-05-11 journal: eLife DOI: 10.7554/elife.58728 sha: doc_id: 296306 cord_uid: xcomjvaa file: cache/cord-299346-f13xly6q.json key: cord-299346-f13xly6q authors: Awad, Mohamed E.; Rumley, Jacob C.L.; Vazquez, Jose A.; Devine, John G. title: Perioperative Considerations in Urgent Surgical Care of Suspected and Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 Orthopaedic Patients: Operating Room Protocols and Recommendations in the Current Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic date: 2020-04-10 journal: J Am Acad Orthop Surg DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-d-20-00227 sha: doc_id: 299346 cord_uid: f13xly6q file: cache/cord-295305-dfulr6nu.json key: cord-295305-dfulr6nu authors: McIsaac, Sarah; Wax, Randy S.; Long, Brit; Hicks, Christopher; Vaillancourt, Christian; Ohle, Robert; Atkinson, Paul title: Just the Facts: Protected code blue – Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the emergency department during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic date: 2020-04-24 journal: CJEM DOI: 10.1017/cem.2020.379 sha: doc_id: 295305 cord_uid: dfulr6nu file: cache/cord-007571-xzm36og6.json key: cord-007571-xzm36og6 authors: Valdez, Anna Maria title: Are You Covered? Safe Practices for the use of Personal Protective Equipment date: 2015-01-19 journal: J Emerg Nurs DOI: 10.1016/j.jen.2014.11.011 sha: doc_id: 7571 cord_uid: xzm36og6 file: cache/cord-017569-fv88n70v.json key: cord-017569-fv88n70v authors: Hewlett, Angela; Vasa, Angela M.; Cieslak, Theodore J.; Lowe, John J.; Schwedhelm, Shelly title: Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Preparedness date: 2017-09-10 journal: Infection Prevention DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-60980-5_21 sha: doc_id: 17569 cord_uid: fv88n70v file: cache/cord-271925-85bixn27.json key: cord-271925-85bixn27 authors: Rao US, V.; Arakeri, G.; Subash, A.; Thankur, S. title: Droplet nuclei aerosol and Covid 19 - a risk to healthcare staff date: 2020-05-03 journal: Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.04.036 sha: doc_id: 271925 cord_uid: 85bixn27 file: cache/cord-002885-dhdyxnr3.json key: cord-002885-dhdyxnr3 authors: Den Boon, Saskia; Vallenas, Constanza; Ferri, Mauricio; Norris, Susan L. title: Incorporating health workers’ perspectives into a WHO guideline on personal protective equipment developed during an Ebola virus disease outbreak date: 2018-03-09 journal: F1000Res DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.12922.2 sha: doc_id: 2885 cord_uid: dhdyxnr3 file: cache/cord-302902-34vftqt9.json key: cord-302902-34vftqt9 authors: Law, Brenda Hiu Yan; Cheung, Po-Yin; Aziz, Khalid; Schmölzer, Georg M. title: Effect of COVID-19 Precautions on Neonatal Resuscitation Practice: A Balance Between Healthcare Provider Safety, Infection Control, and Effective Neonatal Care date: 2020-08-18 journal: Front Pediatr DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00478 sha: doc_id: 302902 cord_uid: 34vftqt9 file: cache/cord-305146-iprzeigk.json key: cord-305146-iprzeigk authors: Chughtai, Abrar Ahmad; Khan, Wasiq title: Use of personal protective equipment to protect against respiratory infections in Pakistan: A systematic review date: 2020-03-04 journal: J Infect Public Health DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.02.032 sha: doc_id: 305146 cord_uid: iprzeigk file: cache/cord-032498-5ugoi1tu.json key: cord-032498-5ugoi1tu authors: Smith, Peter M.; Oudyk, John; Potter, Guy; Mustard, Cameron title: The Association between the Perceived Adequacy of Workplace Infection Control Procedures and Personal Protective Equipment with Mental Health Symptoms: A Cross-sectional Survey of Canadian Health-care Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: L’association entre le caractère adéquat perçu des procédures de contrôle des infections au travail et de l’équipement de protection personnel pour les symptômes de santé mentale. 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I.; García Palenciano, C.; Pereira, J.; Ramasco Rueda, F.; Samso, E.; Suárez de la Rica, A.; Tamayo Medel, G.; Varela Durán, M. title: Practical recommendations for the perioperative management of patients with suspicion or serious infection by coronavirus SARS-CoV date: 2020-05-04 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.redare.2020.03.002 sha: doc_id: 341531 cord_uid: w788qwya file: cache/cord-330870-l0ryikhv.json key: cord-330870-l0ryikhv authors: Eubanks, Allison; Thomson, Brook; Marko, Emily; Auguste, Tamika; Peterson, Logan; Goffman, Dena; Deering, Shad title: Obstetric Simulation for a Pandemic date: 2020-07-23 journal: Semin Perinatol DOI: 10.1016/j.semperi.2020.151294 sha: doc_id: 330870 cord_uid: l0ryikhv file: cache/cord-335704-qejpc4x8.json key: cord-335704-qejpc4x8 authors: Kuhar, Hannah N.; Heilingoetter, Ashley; Bergman, Maxwell; Worobetz, Noah; Chiang, Tendy; Matrka, Laura title: Otolaryngology in the Time of Corona: Assessing Operative Impact and Risk During the COVID-19 Crisis date: 2020-06-02 journal: Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg DOI: 10.1177/0194599820930214 sha: doc_id: 335704 cord_uid: qejpc4x8 file: cache/cord-342642-qzoowc97.json key: cord-342642-qzoowc97 authors: García-Méndez, Nayely; Lagarda Cuevas, Juan; Otzen, Tamara; Manterola, Carlos title: Anesthesiologists and the High Risk of Exposure to COVID-19 date: 2020-05-04 journal: Anesth Analg DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000004919 sha: doc_id: 342642 cord_uid: qzoowc97 file: cache/cord-340887-k88hchau.json key: cord-340887-k88hchau authors: Khusid, Johnathan A.; Weinstein, Corey S.; Becerra, Adan Z.; Kashani, Mahyar; Robins, Dennis J.; Fink, Lauren E.; Smith, Matthew T.; Weiss, Jeffrey P. title: Well‐Being and Education of Urology Residents During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: Results of an American National Survey date: 2020-05-27 journal: Int J Clin Pract DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13559 sha: doc_id: 340887 cord_uid: k88hchau file: cache/cord-314460-dbrp4vxc.json key: cord-314460-dbrp4vxc authors: Gibbs, Shawn G.; Herstein, Jocelyn J.; Le, Aurora B.; Beam, Elizabeth L.; Cieslak, Theodore J.; Lawler, James V.; Santarpia, Joshua L.; Stentz, Terry L.; Kopocis-Herstein, Kelli R.; Achutan, Chandran; Carter, Gary W.; Lowe, John J. title: Review of Literature for Air Medical Evacuation High-Level Containment Transport date: 2019-10-31 journal: Air Medical Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.amj.2019.06.006 sha: doc_id: 314460 cord_uid: dbrp4vxc file: cache/cord-345806-3ghtpji4.json key: cord-345806-3ghtpji4 authors: Boelig, Rupsa C.; Lambert, Calvin; Pena, Juan A.; Stone, Joanne; Bernstein, Peter S.; Berghella, Vincenzo title: Obstetric Protocols in the Setting of a Pandemic date: 2020-07-24 journal: Semin Perinatol DOI: 10.1016/j.semperi.2020.151295 sha: doc_id: 345806 cord_uid: 3ghtpji4 file: cache/cord-340799-1awmtj52.json key: cord-340799-1awmtj52 authors: Krajewska, Joanna; Krajewski, Wojciech; Zub, Krzysztof; Zatoński, Tomasz title: Review of practical recommendations for otolaryngologists and head and neck surgeons during the COVID-19 pandemic: Recommendations for otolaryngologists during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-06 journal: Auris Nasus Larynx DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2020.05.022 sha: doc_id: 340799 cord_uid: 1awmtj52 file: cache/cord-315358-22srds0e.json key: cord-315358-22srds0e authors: Kovacs, George; Sowers, Nicholas; Campbell, Samuel; French, James; Atkinson, Paul title: Just the Facts: Airway management during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic date: 2020-03-30 journal: CJEM DOI: 10.1017/cem.2020.353 sha: doc_id: 315358 cord_uid: 22srds0e file: cache/cord-348614-im7qtr9k.json key: cord-348614-im7qtr9k authors: Yánez Benítez, Carlos; Ribeiro, Marcelo A. F.; Alexandrino, Henrique; Koleda, Piotr; Baptista, Sérgio Faria; Azfar, Mohammad; Di Saverio, Salomone; Ponchietti, Luca; Güemes, Antonio; Blas, Juan L.; Mesquita, Carlos title: International cooperation group of emergency surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-13 journal: Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg DOI: 10.1007/s00068-020-01521-y sha: doc_id: 348614 cord_uid: im7qtr9k file: cache/cord-333509-dnuakd6h.json key: cord-333509-dnuakd6h authors: Chan, Hui Yun title: Hospitals’ Liabilities in Times of Pandemic: Recalibrating the Legal Obligation to Provide Personal Protective Equipment to Healthcare Workers date: 2020-10-17 journal: Liverp Law Rev DOI: 10.1007/s10991-020-09270-z sha: doc_id: 333509 cord_uid: dnuakd6h file: cache/cord-347381-nn6jqqy5.json key: cord-347381-nn6jqqy5 authors: Mazzola, Santina M.; Grous, Carolyn title: Maintaining Perioperative Safety in Uncertain Times: COVID‐19 Pandemic Response Strategies date: 2020-09-29 journal: AORN J DOI: 10.1002/aorn.13195 sha: doc_id: 347381 cord_uid: nn6jqqy5 file: cache/cord-331533-0toegbv8.json key: cord-331533-0toegbv8 authors: Leiker, Brenna; Wise, Katherine title: COVID – 19 CASE STUDY IN EMERGENCY MEDICINE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE; FROM PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT TO DELIVERGY OF CARE date: 2020-07-27 journal: Dis Mon DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2020.101060 sha: doc_id: 331533 cord_uid: 0toegbv8 file: cache/cord-344262-5yk1keg3.json key: cord-344262-5yk1keg3 authors: Evans, Lauran K.; Shinagawa, Austin; Sutton, Sarah; Calvo, Lisa title: COVID-19 Drive-Through Point of Screening and Testing (POST) System: A Safe, Efficient, and Adaptable Model for Nasopharyngeal Swab Collection date: 2020-09-02 journal: Disaster medicine and public health preparedness DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2020.313 sha: doc_id: 344262 cord_uid: 5yk1keg3 file: cache/cord-316063-9bg2dm8e.json key: cord-316063-9bg2dm8e authors: Morgan, Marcus title: Why meaning-making matters: the case of the UK Government’s COVID-19 response date: 2020-10-15 journal: Am J Cult Sociol DOI: 10.1057/s41290-020-00121-y sha: doc_id: 316063 cord_uid: 9bg2dm8e file: cache/cord-317884-zni0aj1n.json key: cord-317884-zni0aj1n authors: Shirodkar, Amy-lee; De Silva, Ian; Verma, Seema; Anderson, Sarah; Dickerson, Polly; Walsh, Francine; Siriwardena, Dilani; Dhawahir-Scala, Felipe title: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) use among emergency eye care professionals in the UK during the COVID19 pandemic date: 2020-05-21 journal: Eye (Lond) DOI: 10.1038/s41433-020-0970-5 sha: doc_id: 317884 cord_uid: zni0aj1n file: cache/cord-317323-wp3vh4c1.json key: cord-317323-wp3vh4c1 authors: Kandhari, Rajat; Kohli, Malavika; Trasi, Shrilata; Vedamurthy, Maya; Chhabra, Chiranjiv; Shetty, Kamlakar; Dhawan, Sachin; Rajan, Renita title: The changing paradigm of an aesthetic practice during the COVID‐19 pandemic: An expert consensus date: 2020-10-28 journal: Dermatol Ther DOI: 10.1111/dth.14382 sha: doc_id: 317323 cord_uid: wp3vh4c1 file: cache/cord-329921-mi71bet3.json key: cord-329921-mi71bet3 authors: Ogoina, Dimie; James, Hendris; Ominabo, Dickson; Oyeyemi, Abisoye; Wisdom, Olomo Tudou title: COVID-19: the need to redesign head coverings of personal protective equipment for manual stethoscopes date: 2020-08-11 journal: Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/traa063 sha: doc_id: 329921 cord_uid: mi71bet3 file: cache/cord-319865-g3qxu6uv.json key: cord-319865-g3qxu6uv authors: Frountzas, Maximos; Nikolaou, Christina; Schizas, Dimitrios; Toutouzas, Konstantinos G. title: Personal protective equipment against COVID-19: Vital for surgeons, harmful for patients? date: 2020-09-21 journal: Am J Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.09.014 sha: doc_id: 319865 cord_uid: g3qxu6uv file: cache/cord-318348-7ns7r2g7.json key: cord-318348-7ns7r2g7 authors: Bandaru, S V; Augustine, A M; Lepcha, A; Sebastian, S; Gowri, M; Philip, A; Mammen, M D title: The effects of N95 mask and face shield on speech perception among healthcare workers in the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic scenario date: 2020-09-28 journal: The Journal of laryngology and otology DOI: 10.1017/s0022215120002108 sha: doc_id: 318348 cord_uid: 7ns7r2g7 file: cache/cord-352233-avov4yxv.json key: cord-352233-avov4yxv authors: Liu, Antonio title: Philanthropy and Humanity in the Face of a Pandemic – A letter to the editor on “World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19)” (Int J Surg 2020; 76:71-6) date: 2020-05-12 journal: Int J Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.05.012 sha: doc_id: 352233 cord_uid: avov4yxv file: cache/cord-320640-5m6sqwq8.json key: cord-320640-5m6sqwq8 authors: Kumar, Harender; Azad, Amaanuddin; Gupta, Ankit; Sharma, Jitendra; Bherwani, Hemant; Labhsetwar, Nitin Kumar; Kumar, Rakesh title: COVID-19 Creating another problem? Sustainable solution for PPE disposal through LCA approach date: 2020-10-09 journal: Environ Dev Sustain DOI: 10.1007/s10668-020-01033-0 sha: doc_id: 320640 cord_uid: 5m6sqwq8 file: cache/cord-338365-9sd62a2w.json key: cord-338365-9sd62a2w authors: Patrício Silva, Ana L.; Prata, Joana C.; Walker, Tony R.; Duarte, Armando C.; Ouyang, Wei; Barcelò, Damià; Rocha-Santos, Teresa title: Increased plastic pollution due to Covid-19 pandemic: challenges and recommendations date: 2020-08-17 journal: Chem Eng J DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2020.126683 sha: doc_id: 338365 cord_uid: 9sd62a2w file: cache/cord-352902-isc3ek67.json key: cord-352902-isc3ek67 authors: Powell, Adam W.; Mays, Wayne A.; Curran, Tracy; Knecht, Sandra K.; Rhodes, Jonathan title: The Adaptation of Pediatric Exercise Testing Programs to the Coronavirus/COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-21 journal: World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg DOI: 10.1177/2150135120954816 sha: doc_id: 352902 cord_uid: isc3ek67 file: cache/cord-346894-iy35298o.json key: cord-346894-iy35298o authors: Miranda-Schaeubinger, Monica; Blumfield, Einat; Chavhan, Govind B.; Farkas, Amy B.; Joshi, Aparna; Kamps, Shawn E.; Kaplan, Summer L.; Sammer, Marla B. 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Mitropoulos, Athanasios title: How 3D Printing and Social Media Tackles the PPE Shortage during Covid – 19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-07 journal: Saf Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104870 sha: doc_id: 324654 cord_uid: nnojaupv file: cache/cord-339517-93nuovsj.json key: cord-339517-93nuovsj authors: Consolo, Ugo; Bellini, Pierantonio; Bencivenni, Davide; Iani, Cristina; Checchi, Vittorio title: Epidemiological Aspects and Psychological Reactions to COVID-19 of Dental Practitioners in the Northern Italy Districts of Modena and Reggio Emilia date: 2020-05-15 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103459 sha: doc_id: 339517 cord_uid: 93nuovsj file: cache/cord-355827-e38itktq.json key: cord-355827-e38itktq authors: Adisesh, Anil; Durand-Moreau, Quentin; Patry, Louis; Straube, Sebastian title: COVID-19 in Canada and the use of Personal Protective Equipment date: 2020-05-18 journal: Occup Med (Lond) DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqaa094 sha: doc_id: 355827 cord_uid: e38itktq file: cache/cord-351527-u12obtvp.json key: cord-351527-u12obtvp authors: Harvey, Jessica title: Perspectives COVID-19 and PPE in context: an interview with China date: 2020-05-30 journal: J Public Health (Oxf) DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa077 sha: doc_id: 351527 cord_uid: u12obtvp file: cache/cord-332083-135iic7m.json key: cord-332083-135iic7m authors: Xia, Wei; Fu, Lin; Liao, Haihan; Yang, Chan; Guo, Haipeng; Bian, Zhouyan title: The Physical and Psychological Effects of Personal Protective Equipment on Health Care Workers in Wuhan, China: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study date: 2020-09-29 journal: J Emerg Nurs DOI: 10.1016/j.jen.2020.08.004 sha: doc_id: 332083 cord_uid: 135iic7m file: cache/cord-319567-4t5t8bcx.json key: cord-319567-4t5t8bcx authors: Şentürk, Mert; Tahan, Mohamed R. El; SZEGEDI, Laszlo L.; Marczin, Nandor; Karzai, Waheedullah; Shelley, Ben; Piccioni, Federico; Gil, Manuel Granell; Rex, Steffen; Bence, Johan; Cohen, Edmond; Gregorio, Guido Di; Drnvsek-Globoikar, Mojca; Jimenez, Maria-José; Licker, Marc-Josephjo; Mourisse, Jo; Mukherjee, Chirojit; Navarro-Ripolli, Ricard; Neskovic, Vojislava; Paloczi, Balazs; Paternoster, Gianluca; Pelosi, Paolo; Salaheldeen, Ahmed; Stoica, Radu; Unzueta, Carmen; Vanpeteghem, Caroline; Vegh, Tamas; Wouters, Patrick; Yapici, Davud; Guarracino, Fabio title: Thoracic Anesthesia of Patients with Suspected or Confirmed 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection: Preliminary Recommendations for Airway Management by the EACTA Thoracic Subspecialty Committee date: 2020-04-11 journal: J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.03.059 sha: doc_id: 319567 cord_uid: 4t5t8bcx file: cache/cord-330737-6khv4kbj.json key: cord-330737-6khv4kbj authors: Cohen, Jennifer; van der Meulen Rodgers, Yana title: Contributing factors to personal protective equipment shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-02 journal: Prev Med DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106263 sha: doc_id: 330737 cord_uid: 6khv4kbj file: cache/cord-334808-ds5yrr4w.json key: cord-334808-ds5yrr4w authors: Liawrungrueang, Wongthawat; Sornsa-ard, Tuanrit; Niramitsantiphong, Anugoon title: Response to: Management of Traumatic Spinal Fracture in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Situation date: 2020-05-12 journal: Asian Spine J DOI: 10.31616/asj.2020.0194.r1 sha: doc_id: 334808 cord_uid: ds5yrr4w file: cache/cord-337785-fwo0r4bb.json key: cord-337785-fwo0r4bb authors: Mercer, Scott Thomas; Agarwal, Rishi; Dayananda, Kathryn Sian Satya; Yasin, Tariq; Trickett, Ryan W title: A Comparative Study Looking at Trauma and Orthopaedic Operating Efficiency in the COVID-19 Era date: 2020-10-21 journal: Perioper Care Oper Room Manag DOI: 10.1016/j.pcorm.2020.100142 sha: doc_id: 337785 cord_uid: fwo0r4bb file: cache/cord-334124-w9jww3hk.json key: cord-334124-w9jww3hk authors: Murphy, David L; Barnard, Leslie M; Drucker, Christopher J; Yang, Betty Y; Emert, Jamie M; Schwarcz, Leilani; Counts, Catherine R; Jacinto, Tracie Y; McCoy, Andrew M; Morgan, Tyler A; Whitney, Jim E; Bodenman, Joel V; Duchin, Jeffrey S; Sayre, Michael R; Rea, Thomas D title: Occupational exposures and programmatic response to COVID-19 pandemic: an emergency medical services experience date: 2020-09-21 journal: Emerg Med J DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2020-210095 sha: doc_id: 334124 cord_uid: w9jww3hk file: cache/cord-355431-efwuy8p9.json key: cord-355431-efwuy8p9 authors: Ambrosio, Luca; Vadalà, Gianluca; Russo, Fabrizio; Papalia, Rocco; Denaro, Vincenzo title: The role of the orthopaedic surgeon in the COVID-19 era: cautions and perspectives date: 2020-05-27 journal: J Exp Orthop DOI: 10.1186/s40634-020-00255-5 sha: doc_id: 355431 cord_uid: efwuy8p9 file: cache/cord-332815-1w1ikj7q.json key: cord-332815-1w1ikj7q authors: Zhan, Mingkun; Anders, Robert L.; Lin, Bihua; Zhang, Min; Chen, Xiaosong title: Lesson Learned from China Regarding Use of Personal Protective Equipment date: 2020-08-11 journal: Am J Infect Control DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.08.007 sha: doc_id: 332815 cord_uid: 1w1ikj7q file: cache/cord-349740-xed4aybr.json key: cord-349740-xed4aybr authors: Wang, Yulong; Zeng, Lian; Yao, Sheng; Zhu, Fengzhao; Liu, Chaozong; Di Laura, Anna; Henckel, Johann; Shao, Zengwu; Hirschmann, Michael T.; Hart, Alister; Guo, Xiaodong title: Recommendations of protective measures for orthopedic surgeons during COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-10 journal: Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc DOI: 10.1007/s00167-020-06092-4 sha: doc_id: 349740 cord_uid: xed4aybr file: cache/cord-356041-tc2cumv2.json key: cord-356041-tc2cumv2 authors: Cotrin, Paula; Moura, Wilana; Gambardela-Tkacz, Caroline Martins; Pelloso, Fernando Castilho; dos Santos, Lander; Carvalho, Maria Dalva de Barros; Pelloso, Sandra Marisa; Freitas, Karina Maria Salvatore title: Healthcare Workers in Brazil during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey date: 2020-10-09 journal: Inquiry DOI: 10.1177/0046958020963711 sha: doc_id: 356041 cord_uid: tc2cumv2 file: cache/cord-337633-arivuags.json key: cord-337633-arivuags authors: Perkins, Douglas Jay; Villescas, Steven; Wu, Terry H; Muller, Timothy B; Bradfute, Steven; Foo-Hurwitz, Ivy; Cheng, Qiuying; Wilcox, Hannah; Weiss, Myissa; Bartlett, Chris; Langsjoen, Jens; Seidenberg, Phil title: COVID-19 Global Pandemic Planning: Decontamination and Reuse Processes for N95 Respirators date: 2020-04-14 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.09.20060129 sha: doc_id: 337633 cord_uid: arivuags file: cache/cord-342810-41dghl0c.json key: cord-342810-41dghl0c authors: Nguyen, Thanh N.; Jadhav, Ashutosh P.; Dasenbrock, Hormuzdiyar H.; Nogueira, Raul G.; Abdalkader, Mohamad; Ma, Alice; Cervantes-Arslanian, Anna M.; Greer, David M.; Daneshmand, Ali; Yavagal, Dileep R.; Jovin, Tudor G.; Zaidat, Osama O.; Chou, Sherry Hsiang-Yi title: Subarachnoid hemorrhage guidance in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic -An opinion to mitigate exposure and conserve personal protective equipment date: 2020-06-05 journal: J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105010 sha: doc_id: 342810 cord_uid: 41dghl0c file: cache/cord-341715-8h57tppr.json key: cord-341715-8h57tppr authors: Sernicola, Alvise; Chello, Camilla; Cerbelli, Edoardo; Adebanjo, Ganiyat Adenike Ralitsa; Parisella, Francesca Romana; Pezzuto, Aldo; Luzi, Fabiola; De Marco, Gabriella; Rello, Jordi; Tammaro, Antonella title: Treatment of nasal bridge ulceration related to protective measures for the COVID‐19 epidemic date: 2020-05-07 journal: Int Wound J DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13397 sha: doc_id: 341715 cord_uid: 8h57tppr file: cache/cord-343865-wbd0hqqc.json key: cord-343865-wbd0hqqc authors: Singh, Ajay; 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Naveen; Soni, Shiv Lal; Puri, G. D. title: Real-Time Remote Surveillance of Doffing During COVID-19 Pandemic: Enhancing Safety of Health Care Workers date: 2020-05-12 journal: Anesth Analg DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000004940 sha: doc_id: 343865 cord_uid: wbd0hqqc file: cache/cord-352324-tle14vtm.json key: cord-352324-tle14vtm authors: Martini, Chiara; Nicolò, Marco; Tombolesi, Alessandro; Negri, Jacopo; Brazzo, Oscar; Di Feo, Daniele; Devetti, Angie; Rigott, Irene Gertrud; Risoli, Camilla; Antonucci, Giuseppe Walter; Durante, Stefano; Migliorini, Matteo title: Phase 3 of COVID-19: treat your patients and care for your radiographers. A designed projection for an aware and innovative radiology department. date: 2020-10-23 journal: J Med Imaging Radiat Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2020.08.019 sha: doc_id: 352324 cord_uid: tle14vtm file: cache/cord-348038-9v16k6gi.json key: cord-348038-9v16k6gi authors: Bagnasco, Annamaria; Zanini, Milko; Hayter, Mark; Catania, Gianluca; Sasso, Loredana title: COVID 19—A message from Italy to the global nursing community date: 2020-05-08 journal: J Adv Nurs DOI: 10.1111/jan.14407 sha: doc_id: 348038 cord_uid: 9v16k6gi file: cache/cord-345210-6f8niif5.json key: cord-345210-6f8niif5 authors: Tadavarthy, Silpa N.; Finnegan, KerriAnn; Bernatowicz, Gretchen; Lowe, Elisha; Coffin, Susan E; Manning, MaryLou title: Developing and Implementing an Infection Prevention and Control Program for a COVID-19 Alternative Care Site in Philadelphia, PA date: 2020-07-19 journal: Am J Infect Control DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.07.006 sha: doc_id: 345210 cord_uid: 6f8niif5 file: cache/cord-355577-w1yhtbz8.json key: cord-355577-w1yhtbz8 authors: Kowalski, Luiz Paulo; Imamura, Rui; Castro Junior, Gilberto de; Marta, Gustavo Nader; Chaves, Aline Lauda Freitas; Matos, Leandro Luongo; Bento, Ricardo Ferreira title: Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Activity of Physicians Working in the Areas of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology date: 2020-05-22 journal: Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1712169 sha: doc_id: 355577 cord_uid: w1yhtbz8 Reading metadata file and updating bibliogrpahics === updating bibliographic database Building study carrel named keyword-ppe-cord === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 68846 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 68697 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 66413 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 68665 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 69118 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 69094 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 67640 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 66269 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 69137 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 66984 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 68891 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 68971 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 67857 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 95. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 68271 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordpos2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordpos2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordpos2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 66284 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-009432-0ahamczt author: Ip, Vivian title: VID-19 pandemic: the 3R’s (reduce, refine, and replace) of personal protective equipment (PPE) sustainability date: 2020-04-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-009432-0ahamczt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-009432-0ahamczt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-009432-0ahamczt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271925-85bixn27 author: Rao US, V. title: Droplet nuclei aerosol and Covid 19 - a risk to healthcare staff date: 2020-05-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271925-85bixn27.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271925-85bixn27.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-271925-85bixn27.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295322-9kye4w9g author: Kumar, Parmeshwar title: Adaptation of the ‘Assembly Line’ and ‘Brick System’ techniques for hospital resource management of personal protective equipment, as preparedness for mitigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in a large public hospital in India date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295322-9kye4w9g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295322-9kye4w9g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-295322-9kye4w9g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277167-qdi6hu82 author: Fuzaylov, Gennadiy title: Adjustment for international surgical outreach missions due to COVID-19 date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277167-qdi6hu82.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277167-qdi6hu82.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-277167-qdi6hu82.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281762-qwlfikfl author: Shorten, George D. title: Personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic (Letter #1) date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281762-qwlfikfl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281762-qwlfikfl.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-281762-qwlfikfl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287707-ng0ha3vv author: Pal, Arghya title: ‘Masking’ of the mental state: unintended consequences of personal protective equipment (PPE) on psychiatric clinical practice date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287707-ng0ha3vv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287707-ng0ha3vv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-287707-ng0ha3vv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295305-dfulr6nu author: McIsaac, Sarah title: Just the Facts: Protected code blue – Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the emergency department during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic date: 2020-04-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295305-dfulr6nu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295305-dfulr6nu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-295305-dfulr6nu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272182-5lunidrs author: Lim, Wan Yen title: Resuscitation during the COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons learnt from high-fidelity simulation date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272182-5lunidrs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272182-5lunidrs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-272182-5lunidrs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-025623-1v9614f8 author: Mahapatra, Pallab Sinha title: Surface Treatments to Enhance the Functionality of PPEs date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-025623-1v9614f8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-025623-1v9614f8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-025623-1v9614f8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277350-zwu254n6 author: Bianco, F. title: Preventing transmission among operating room staff during COVID-19 pandemic: the role of the Aerosol Box and other personal protective equipment date: 2020-05-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277350-zwu254n6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277350-zwu254n6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-277350-zwu254n6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274477-jkjyh4cs author: Zhang, Zhiruo title: Protecting healthcare personnel from 2019-nCoV infection risks: lessons and suggestions date: 2020-03-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274477-jkjyh4cs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274477-jkjyh4cs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274477-jkjyh4cs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-205941-npp6566r author: Armani, Andrea M title: Low-tech solutions for the COVID19 supply chain crisis date: 2020-04-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-205941-npp6566r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-205941-npp6566r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-205941-npp6566r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-026765-cw4rh1on author: Dingle, M. title: Altered exodontia techniques date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-026765-cw4rh1on.txt cache: ./cache/cord-026765-cw4rh1on.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-026765-cw4rh1on.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286977-330p60oh author: Barcala-Furelos, Roberto title: Plastic blanket drowning kit: A protection barrier to immediate resuscitation at the beach in the Covid-19 era. A pilot study. date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286977-330p60oh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286977-330p60oh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-286977-330p60oh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-028595-p7cn71t5 author: Croser, David title: A good fit with indemnity date: 2020-07-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-028595-p7cn71t5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-028595-p7cn71t5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-028595-p7cn71t5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305503-j5e6fp61 author: Choi, Gordon Y.S. title: Preparedness for COVID-19: in situ simulation to enhance infection control systems in the intensive care unit date: 2020-04-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305503-j5e6fp61.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305503-j5e6fp61.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-305503-j5e6fp61.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299592-ymurfkbs author: Bhattacharya, Sudip title: Addressing the shortage of personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic in India-A public health perspective date: 2020-04-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299592-ymurfkbs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299592-ymurfkbs.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-299592-ymurfkbs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273303-g86w0xt5 author: Latz, Christopher A. title: Early Vascular Surgery Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of a Nationwide Survey date: 2020-05-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273303-g86w0xt5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273303-g86w0xt5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-273303-g86w0xt5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-029722-85h5060v author: Proffitt, Edmund title: Decoding the English standard operating procedures for dentists and the dental industry date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-029722-85h5060v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-029722-85h5060v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-029722-85h5060v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264479-s20oacr9 author: Bern-Klug, Mercedes title: COVID-19 Highlights the Need for Trained Social Workers in Nursing Homes date: 2020-05-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264479-s20oacr9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264479-s20oacr9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-264479-s20oacr9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271048-tq1sk01g author: Ellis, R. title: Operating during the COVID-19 pandemic: How to reduce medical error date: 2020-04-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271048-tq1sk01g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271048-tq1sk01g.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-271048-tq1sk01g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269826-l44xbgok author: Wills, Timothy T. title: Utilization of an Orthopedic Hood as Personal Protective Equipment for Intubation of Coronavirus Patients: a Brief Technical Report date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269826-l44xbgok.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269826-l44xbgok.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-269826-l44xbgok.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270156-qrzjgzyk author: Cafferkey, J. J. title: Using HoloLens™ to reduce staff exposure to aerosol generating procedures during a global pandemic date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270156-qrzjgzyk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270156-qrzjgzyk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-270156-qrzjgzyk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255264-2kj961en author: Hasan, Syed Shahzad title: Social distancing and the use of PPE by community pharmacy personnel: Does evidence support these measures? date: 2020-05-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255264-2kj961en.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255264-2kj961en.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-255264-2kj961en.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-007571-xzm36og6 author: Valdez, Anna Maria title: Are You Covered? Safe Practices for the use of Personal Protective Equipment date: 2015-01-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-007571-xzm36og6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-007571-xzm36og6.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-007571-xzm36og6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283900-4pa93xqi author: Khan, M. Ali title: Perceptions of Occupational Risk and Changes in Clinical Practice of U.S. Vitreoretinal Surgery Fellows during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283900-4pa93xqi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283900-4pa93xqi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283900-4pa93xqi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-002246-er9kqdjw author: Lim, Seong Mi title: Contamination during doffing of personal protective equipment by healthcare providers date: 2015-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-002246-er9kqdjw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-002246-er9kqdjw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-002246-er9kqdjw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266173-gmz6oxf6 author: Tino, Rance title: COVID-19 and the role of 3D printing in medicine date: 2020-04-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266173-gmz6oxf6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266173-gmz6oxf6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-266173-gmz6oxf6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281627-8cq18gja author: Hon, Chun-Yip title: Personal protective equipment in health care: Can online infection control courses transfer knowledge and improve proper selection and use? date: 2008-12-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281627-8cq18gja.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281627-8cq18gja.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-281627-8cq18gja.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276265-gjqqfudb author: Chiang, James title: Elastomeric respirators are safer and more sustainable alternatives to disposable N95 masks during the coronavirus outbreak date: 2020-07-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276265-gjqqfudb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276265-gjqqfudb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-276265-gjqqfudb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253933-29tedkf8 author: David, Abel P. title: Tracheostomy guidelines developed at a large academic medical center during the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-04-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253933-29tedkf8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253933-29tedkf8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-253933-29tedkf8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302902-34vftqt9 author: Law, Brenda Hiu Yan title: Effect of COVID-19 Precautions on Neonatal Resuscitation Practice: A Balance Between Healthcare Provider Safety, Infection Control, and Effective Neonatal Care date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302902-34vftqt9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302902-34vftqt9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-302902-34vftqt9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284640-tl9nmvog author: Tabah, Alexis title: Personal protective equipment and intensive care unit healthcare worker safety in the COVID-19 era (PPE-SAFE): An international survey date: 2020-06-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284640-tl9nmvog.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284640-tl9nmvog.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284640-tl9nmvog.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287303-b7vg439c author: Piché-Renaud, Pierre-Philippe title: Healthcare worker perception of a global outbreak of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) and personal protective equipment: Survey of a pediatric tertiary-care hospital date: 2020-08-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287303-b7vg439c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287303-b7vg439c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-287303-b7vg439c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-027880-1apexs6o author: Hankenson, F. Claire title: Vaporized Hydrogen Peroxide Decontamination of N95 Respirators in a Dedicated Animal Research Facility for Reuse During a Novel Coronavirus Pandemic date: 2020-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-027880-1apexs6o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-027880-1apexs6o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-027880-1apexs6o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271603-zy4l9vtf author: Skali, Hicham title: Guidance and Best Practices for Reestablishment of Non-Emergent Care in Nuclear Cardiology Laboratories During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: An Information Statement from ASNC, IAEA, and SNMMI date: 2020-10-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271603-zy4l9vtf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271603-zy4l9vtf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-271603-zy4l9vtf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301582-922zyhti author: Bury, Gerard title: COVID-19 community assessment hubs in Ireland—the experience of clinicians date: 2020-09-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301582-922zyhti.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301582-922zyhti.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-301582-922zyhti.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270781-f9nra823 author: Gulia, Ashish title: Sarcoma Care Practice in India During COVID Pandemic: A Nationwide Survey date: 2020-07-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270781-f9nra823.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270781-f9nra823.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-270781-f9nra823.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266905-j9ljwqv0 author: Ecker, Jeffrey L. title: Laboring Alone?: Brief Thoughts on Ethics and Practical Answers During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266905-j9ljwqv0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266905-j9ljwqv0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-266905-j9ljwqv0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269900-7mzyib4r author: Ierardi, Anna Maria title: How to Handle a COVID-19 Patient in the Angiographic Suite date: 2020-04-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269900-7mzyib4r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269900-7mzyib4r.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-269900-7mzyib4r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281099-l2i7r1bp author: Izzetti, Rossana title: A perspective on dental activity during COVID‐19: the Italian survey. date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281099-l2i7r1bp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281099-l2i7r1bp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-281099-l2i7r1bp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299346-f13xly6q author: Awad, Mohamed E. title: Perioperative Considerations in Urgent Surgical Care of Suspected and Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 Orthopaedic Patients: Operating Room Protocols and Recommendations in the Current Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic date: 2020-04-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299346-f13xly6q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299346-f13xly6q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-299346-f13xly6q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-028605-ehercdou author: Merchan, Cristian title: COVID-19 pandemic preparedness: A practical guide from an operational pharmacy perspective date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-028605-ehercdou.txt cache: ./cache/cord-028605-ehercdou.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-028605-ehercdou.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285804-lyj9tua8 author: Chen, Yu-Ju title: Stockpile Model of Personal Protective Equipment in Taiwan date: 2017-04-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285804-lyj9tua8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285804-lyj9tua8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-285804-lyj9tua8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302463-uw7xantz author: AĞALAR, Canan title: Protective measures for COVID-19 for healthcare providers and laboratory personnel date: 2020-04-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302463-uw7xantz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302463-uw7xantz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-302463-uw7xantz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264614-2x7cdul3 author: Díaz-Guio, Diego Andrés title: COVID-19: Biosafety in the Intensive Care Unit date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264614-2x7cdul3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264614-2x7cdul3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-264614-2x7cdul3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294591-793ywpcd author: Hu, Xiaoyun title: Self-Reported Use of Personal Protective Equipment among Chinese Critical Care Clinicians during 2009 H1N1 Influenza Pandemic date: 2012-09-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294591-793ywpcd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294591-793ywpcd.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-294591-793ywpcd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295514-vhymj0rw author: Lim, Peter A title: Impact of a viral respiratory epidemic on the practice of medicine and rehabilitation: Severe acute respiratory syndrome date: 2004-08-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295514-vhymj0rw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295514-vhymj0rw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-295514-vhymj0rw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280419-odqo3o4w author: Gibbons, John P. title: Custom solution for PPE in the orthopaedic setting: retrofitting Stryker Flyte T5® PPE system date: 2020-10-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280419-odqo3o4w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280419-odqo3o4w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-280419-odqo3o4w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-031378-iy67xnec author: Atif, Iqra title: The Role of Digital Technologies that Could Be Applied for Prescreening in the Mining Industry During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-031378-iy67xnec.txt cache: ./cache/cord-031378-iy67xnec.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-031378-iy67xnec.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-102456-6jt4ksha author: Taylor-Cousar, Jennifer L. title: How I Do It: Restarting Respiratory Clinical Research in the Era of the COVID19 Pandemic date: 2020-11-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-102456-6jt4ksha.txt cache: ./cache/cord-102456-6jt4ksha.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-102456-6jt4ksha.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305146-iprzeigk author: Chughtai, Abrar Ahmad title: Use of personal protective equipment to protect against respiratory infections in Pakistan: A systematic review date: 2020-03-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305146-iprzeigk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305146-iprzeigk.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-305146-iprzeigk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272726-ljjirt4g author: Brethauer, Stacy A. title: Redesigning a Department of Surgery during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272726-ljjirt4g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272726-ljjirt4g.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-272726-ljjirt4g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285960-1zuhilmu author: Conly, John title: Use of medical face masks versus particulate respirators as a component of personal protective equipment for health care workers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285960-1zuhilmu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285960-1zuhilmu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-285960-1zuhilmu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276945-gly0stxm author: Coxon, Kirstie title: The impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on maternity care in Europe date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276945-gly0stxm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276945-gly0stxm.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-276945-gly0stxm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-032498-5ugoi1tu author: Smith, Peter M. title: The Association between the Perceived Adequacy of Workplace Infection Control Procedures and Personal Protective Equipment with Mental Health Symptoms: A Cross-sectional Survey of Canadian Health-care Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: L’association entre le caractère adéquat perçu des procédures de contrôle des infections au travail et de l’équipement de protection personnel pour les symptômes de santé mentale. Un sondage transversal des travailleurs de la santé canadiens durant la pandémie COVID-19 date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-032498-5ugoi1tu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-032498-5ugoi1tu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-032498-5ugoi1tu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273748-xy4f5kon author: Armijo, Priscila R. title: 3D Printing of Face Shields to Meet the Immediate Need for PPE in an Anesthesiology Department during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273748-xy4f5kon.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273748-xy4f5kon.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-273748-xy4f5kon.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-016223-nk8xwa0t author: Andersen, Bjørg Marit title: Strict Isolation date: 2018-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-016223-nk8xwa0t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-016223-nk8xwa0t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-016223-nk8xwa0t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258965-g47n531n author: Ekpenyong, Bernadine title: Assessment of Knowledge, Practice and Guidelines towards the Novel COVID-19 among Eye Care Practitioners in Nigeria–A Survey-Based Study date: 2020-07-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258965-g47n531n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258965-g47n531n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-258965-g47n531n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272585-346ef6qy author: Lombardi, JM title: Addressing a National Crisis: The Spine Hospital and Department's Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in New York City date: 2020-05-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272585-346ef6qy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272585-346ef6qy.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-272585-346ef6qy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290456-cgrn5c36 author: Soliman, Mohamed A. R. title: Endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: A developing country perspective date: 2020-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290456-cgrn5c36.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290456-cgrn5c36.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-290456-cgrn5c36.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284374-sqxlnk9e author: Park, Jiyeon title: Infection Prevention Measures for Surgical Procedures during a Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Outbreak in a Tertiary Care Hospital in South Korea date: 2020-01-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284374-sqxlnk9e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284374-sqxlnk9e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284374-sqxlnk9e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305419-l68ewxar author: Smart, Hiske title: Preventing Facial Pressure Injury for Health Care Providers Adhering to COVID-19 Personal Protective Equipment Requirements date: 2020-06-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305419-l68ewxar.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305419-l68ewxar.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-305419-l68ewxar.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309956-topo2bc6 author: Zheng, Kenneth I. title: COVID-19 Cross-Infection and Pressured Ulceration Among Healthcare Workers: Are We Really Protected by Respirators? date: 2020-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309956-topo2bc6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309956-topo2bc6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-309956-topo2bc6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279396-qmixem8i author: Carter, Chris title: COVID-19 Disease: a critical care perspective date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279396-qmixem8i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279396-qmixem8i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-279396-qmixem8i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270348-5804ffwx author: Angelino, Andrew F. title: Design and implementation of a regional inpatient psychiatry unit for asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 positive patients. date: 2020-07-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270348-5804ffwx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270348-5804ffwx.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-270348-5804ffwx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287653-69nfi379 author: Lacy, J. Matthew title: COVID-19: POSTMORTEM DIAGNOSTIC AND BIOSAFETY CONSIDERATIONS date: 2020-04-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287653-69nfi379.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287653-69nfi379.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-287653-69nfi379.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267996-5l9shks8 author: Tysiąc-Miśta, Monika title: The Attitudes and Professional Approaches of Dental Practitioners during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Poland: A Cross-Sectional Survey date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267996-5l9shks8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267996-5l9shks8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-267996-5l9shks8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309324-vatugz84 author: Sorbello, Massimiliano title: Personal protective equipment, airway management and systematic reviews. Comment on Br J Anaesth 2020 date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309324-vatugz84.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309324-vatugz84.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-309324-vatugz84.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256112-zg63v8hh author: Rowan, Neil J. title: Challenges and solutions for addressing critical shortage of supply chain for personal and protective equipment (PPE) arising from Coronavirus disease (COVID19) pandemic – Case study from the Republic of Ireland date: 2020-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256112-zg63v8hh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256112-zg63v8hh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-256112-zg63v8hh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293055-8scoocvx author: Deressa, W. title: Availability of personal protective equipment and satisfaction of healthcare professionals during COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia date: 2020-11-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293055-8scoocvx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293055-8scoocvx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-293055-8scoocvx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268874-ldja6aa4 author: Park, Sun Hee title: Personal Protective Equipment for Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268874-ldja6aa4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268874-ldja6aa4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-268874-ldja6aa4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-035137-uxtaw02u author: Chowdhury, Anis Z. title: Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Developing Countries: Lessons from Selected Countries of the Global South date: 2020-11-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-035137-uxtaw02u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-035137-uxtaw02u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-035137-uxtaw02u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296306-xcomjvaa author: Rivett, Lucy title: Screening of healthcare workers for SARS-CoV-2 highlights the role of asymptomatic carriage in COVID-19 transmission date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296306-xcomjvaa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296306-xcomjvaa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-296306-xcomjvaa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-021907-omruua6n author: Hick, John L. title: Personal Protective Equipment date: 2009-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-021907-omruua6n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-021907-omruua6n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-021907-omruua6n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308100-tvk47fd7 author: Soetikno, Roy title: Considerations in performing endoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-03-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308100-tvk47fd7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308100-tvk47fd7.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-308100-tvk47fd7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258504-pnd46ipd author: Bleasdale, Susan C. title: Experience of Chicagoland acute care hospitals in preparing for Ebola virus disease, 2014–2015 date: 2019-07-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258504-pnd46ipd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258504-pnd46ipd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258504-pnd46ipd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-011413-yv4x8viu author: Shekar, Kiran title: Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Coronavirus Disease 2019 Interim Guidelines: A Consensus Document from an International Group of Interdisciplinary Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Providers date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-011413-yv4x8viu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-011413-yv4x8viu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-011413-yv4x8viu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-002885-dhdyxnr3 author: Den Boon, Saskia title: Incorporating health workers’ perspectives into a WHO guideline on personal protective equipment developed during an Ebola virus disease outbreak date: 2018-03-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-002885-dhdyxnr3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-002885-dhdyxnr3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-002885-dhdyxnr3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310285-ua894psi author: Khatri, Anadi title: COVID-19 and ophthalmology: An underappreciated occupational hazard date: 2020-07-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310285-ua894psi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310285-ua894psi.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-310285-ua894psi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313528-rp15vi1o author: Wallace, Douglas W. title: An adapted emergency department triage algorithm for the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-08-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313528-rp15vi1o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313528-rp15vi1o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-313528-rp15vi1o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294557-4h0sybiy author: Stogiannos, N. title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the radiology department: What radiographers need to know date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294557-4h0sybiy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294557-4h0sybiy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-294557-4h0sybiy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310104-1c7q9m06 author: Sasangohar, Farzan title: Provider Burnout and Fatigue During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons Learned From a High-Volume Intensive Care Unit date: 2020-04-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310104-1c7q9m06.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310104-1c7q9m06.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-310104-1c7q9m06.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309521-2cb992u1 author: Iqbal, Muhammad Rafaih title: “COVID-19: Results of a national survey of United Kingdom healthcare professionals’ perceptions of current management strategy – a cross-sectional questionnaire study” date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309521-2cb992u1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309521-2cb992u1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-309521-2cb992u1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317574-wyzscmtr author: Singh, Narendra title: Environmentally Sustainable Management of Used Personal Protective Equipment date: 2020-06-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317574-wyzscmtr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317574-wyzscmtr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-317574-wyzscmtr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307697-ds4uw7y1 author: Ahmed, Jawad title: Availability of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Among US and Pakistani Doctors in COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307697-ds4uw7y1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307697-ds4uw7y1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-307697-ds4uw7y1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308409-0n2ysgsa author: Pawlak, Katarzyna M. title: Impact of COVID-19 on endoscopy trainees: an international survey date: 2020-06-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308409-0n2ysgsa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308409-0n2ysgsa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-308409-0n2ysgsa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309751-7elnvjk3 author: Abdelnasser, Mohammad Kamal title: COVID-19. An update for orthopedic surgeons date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309751-7elnvjk3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309751-7elnvjk3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-309751-7elnvjk3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333554-0wlgg450 author: Curzen, Nick title: An Extended Statement by the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society President Regarding the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333554-0wlgg450.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333554-0wlgg450.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-333554-0wlgg450.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314517-n1yj2zdy author: Huang, Dayong title: Social media survey and web posting assessment of the COVID-19 response in China: Health worker attitudes towards preparedness and personal protective equipment shortages date: 2020-08-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314517-n1yj2zdy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314517-n1yj2zdy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-314517-n1yj2zdy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323008-xk89ew1b author: Rama, Asheen title: Individualized simulations in a time of social distancing: Learning on donning and doffing of an COVID-19 airway response team date: 2020-08-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323008-xk89ew1b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323008-xk89ew1b.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-323008-xk89ew1b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316682-4360s2yu author: Fischer, William A. title: Personal Protective Equipment: Protecting Health Care Providers in an Ebola Outbreak date: 2015-11-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316682-4360s2yu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316682-4360s2yu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-316682-4360s2yu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342642-qzoowc97 author: García-Méndez, Nayely title: Anesthesiologists and the High Risk of Exposure to COVID-19 date: 2020-05-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342642-qzoowc97.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342642-qzoowc97.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-342642-qzoowc97.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316918-mz5r7yiy author: Rubin, Geoffrey A. title: Performance of electrophysiology procedures at an academic medical center amidst the 2020 coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic date: 2020-04-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316918-mz5r7yiy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316918-mz5r7yiy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-316918-mz5r7yiy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321443-89o13sox author: Umazume, Takeshi title: Survey on the use of personal protective equipment and COVID‐19 testing of pregnant women in Japan date: 2020-08-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321443-89o13sox.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321443-89o13sox.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-321443-89o13sox.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318660-47dqa1dd author: Jain, Mehr title: Efficacy and Use of Cloth Masks: A Scoping Review date: 2020-09-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318660-47dqa1dd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318660-47dqa1dd.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318660-47dqa1dd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319232-qowtuhh6 author: Brazil, Victoria title: Translational simulation for rapid transformation of health services, using the example of the COVID-19 pandemic preparation date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319232-qowtuhh6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319232-qowtuhh6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-319232-qowtuhh6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331978-y4uo7o8g author: Maxwell, Daniel N title: “The Art of War” in the Era of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-03-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331978-y4uo7o8g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331978-y4uo7o8g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-331978-y4uo7o8g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306770-hjzlj8k3 author: Mick, Paul title: Aerosol-generating otolaryngology procedures and the need for enhanced PPE during the COVID-19 pandemic: a literature review date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306770-hjzlj8k3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306770-hjzlj8k3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 7 resourceName b'cord-306770-hjzlj8k3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332932-mq36xpai author: Wood, David A. title: Safe Reintroduction of Cardiovascular Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Guidance from North American Society Leadership date: 2020-05-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332932-mq36xpai.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332932-mq36xpai.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-332932-mq36xpai.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310944-tfn0ltrz author: Peck, Jessica L. title: COVID 19: Impacts and Implications for Pediatric Practice date: 2020-07-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310944-tfn0ltrz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310944-tfn0ltrz.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-310944-tfn0ltrz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314507-fgrvrlht author: Sule, Harsh title: Maintenance of Skill Proficiency for Emergency Skills With and Without Adjuncts Despite the Use of Level C Personal Protective Equipment date: 2020-03-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314507-fgrvrlht.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314507-fgrvrlht.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-314507-fgrvrlht.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329921-mi71bet3 author: Ogoina, Dimie title: COVID-19: the need to redesign head coverings of personal protective equipment for manual stethoscopes date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329921-mi71bet3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329921-mi71bet3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-329921-mi71bet3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311401-7ugqjg5c author: Alser, O. title: Healthcare workers preparedness for COVID-19 pandemic in the occupied Palestinian territory: a cross-sectional survey date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311401-7ugqjg5c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311401-7ugqjg5c.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-311401-7ugqjg5c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322382-p46slvka author: Wesemann, Christian title: 3-D Printed Protective Equipment during COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322382-p46slvka.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322382-p46slvka.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-322382-p46slvka.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342666-7el8o6qq author: Mahmood, Syed Uzair title: Strategies for Rational Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Among Healthcare Providers During the COVID-19 Crisis date: 2020-05-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342666-7el8o6qq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342666-7el8o6qq.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-342666-7el8o6qq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316718-7gtgqmcn author: Murphy, D. L. title: Occupational Exposures and Programmatic Response to COVID-19 Pandemic: An Emergency Medical Services Experience date: 2020-05-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316718-7gtgqmcn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316718-7gtgqmcn.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-316718-7gtgqmcn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335638-p84nmtfp author: Swaminathan, Ashwin title: Personal Protective Equipment and Antiviral Drug Use during Hospitalization for Suspected Avian or Pandemic Influenza(1) date: 2007-10-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335638-p84nmtfp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335638-p84nmtfp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-335638-p84nmtfp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352233-avov4yxv author: Liu, Antonio title: Philanthropy and Humanity in the Face of a Pandemic – A letter to the editor on “World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19)” (Int J Surg 2020; 76:71-6) date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352233-avov4yxv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352233-avov4yxv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-352233-avov4yxv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314492-483rn3aw author: Gallagher, Jennifer E. title: Relevance and paucity of evidence: a dental perspective on personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314492-483rn3aw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314492-483rn3aw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-314492-483rn3aw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-017569-fv88n70v author: Hewlett, Angela title: Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Preparedness date: 2017-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-017569-fv88n70v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-017569-fv88n70v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-017569-fv88n70v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330333-un8lvw5o author: Pieterse, Pieternella title: Locally produced personal protective equipment can offer hospital staff protection against Covid‐19 if combined with surgical masks and rigorous personal protective equipment cleaning routine date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330333-un8lvw5o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330333-un8lvw5o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-330333-un8lvw5o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335477-po201szv author: O'Leary, Fenton title: Personal Protective Equipment in the Paediatric Emergency Department during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Estimating requirements based on staff numbers and patient presentations. date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335477-po201szv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335477-po201szv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-335477-po201szv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319865-g3qxu6uv author: Frountzas, Maximos title: Personal protective equipment against COVID-19: Vital for surgeons, harmful for patients? date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319865-g3qxu6uv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319865-g3qxu6uv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-319865-g3qxu6uv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316632-rr9f88oi author: Kimura, Yurika title: Society of swallowing and dysphagia of Japan: Position statement on dysphagia management during the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316632-rr9f88oi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316632-rr9f88oi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-316632-rr9f88oi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335648-lbmhprjn author: Estrich, Cameron G. title: Estimating COVID-19 prevalence and infection control practices among US dentists date: 2020-10-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335648-lbmhprjn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335648-lbmhprjn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-335648-lbmhprjn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317884-zni0aj1n author: Shirodkar, Amy-lee title: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) use among emergency eye care professionals in the UK during the COVID19 pandemic date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317884-zni0aj1n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317884-zni0aj1n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-317884-zni0aj1n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330870-l0ryikhv author: Eubanks, Allison title: Obstetric Simulation for a Pandemic date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330870-l0ryikhv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330870-l0ryikhv.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-330870-l0ryikhv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316327-0hpthrjo author: Brar, Branden title: A Survey Assessing the Early Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Training Programs date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316327-0hpthrjo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316327-0hpthrjo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-316327-0hpthrjo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258498-0mvxwo3w author: Shah, Saleha title: COVID-19 and paediatric dentistry- traversing the challenges. A narrative review date: 2020-08-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258498-0mvxwo3w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258498-0mvxwo3w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-258498-0mvxwo3w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330666-puhijixa author: Carrico, Ruth M. title: Changing health care worker behavior in relation to respiratory disease transmission with a novel training approach that uses biosimulation date: 2007-02-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330666-puhijixa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330666-puhijixa.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-330666-puhijixa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315358-22srds0e author: Kovacs, George title: Just the Facts: Airway management during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic date: 2020-03-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315358-22srds0e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315358-22srds0e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-315358-22srds0e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351527-u12obtvp author: Harvey, Jessica title: Perspectives COVID-19 and PPE in context: an interview with China date: 2020-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351527-u12obtvp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351527-u12obtvp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351527-u12obtvp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329268-0zhabgkt author: Savoia, E. title: Factors Associated with Access and Use of PPE during COVID-19: A Cross-sectional Study of Italian Physicians date: 2020-05-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329268-0zhabgkt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329268-0zhabgkt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-329268-0zhabgkt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311795-kvv3fx2n author: Barratt, Ruth title: Clinician perceptions of respiratory infection risk; a rationale for research into mask use in routine practice date: 2019-08-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311795-kvv3fx2n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311795-kvv3fx2n.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-311795-kvv3fx2n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334808-ds5yrr4w author: Liawrungrueang, Wongthawat title: Response to: Management of Traumatic Spinal Fracture in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Situation date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334808-ds5yrr4w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334808-ds5yrr4w.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-334808-ds5yrr4w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318348-7ns7r2g7 author: Bandaru, S V title: The effects of N95 mask and face shield on speech perception among healthcare workers in the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic scenario date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318348-7ns7r2g7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318348-7ns7r2g7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318348-7ns7r2g7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355827-e38itktq author: Adisesh, Anil title: COVID-19 in Canada and the use of Personal Protective Equipment date: 2020-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355827-e38itktq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355827-e38itktq.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-355827-e38itktq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341531-w788qwya author: Montero Feijoo, A. title: Practical recommendations for the perioperative management of patients with suspicion or serious infection by coronavirus SARS-CoV date: 2020-05-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341531-w788qwya.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341531-w788qwya.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-341531-w788qwya.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345806-3ghtpji4 author: Boelig, Rupsa C. title: Obstetric Protocols in the Setting of a Pandemic date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345806-3ghtpji4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345806-3ghtpji4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-345806-3ghtpji4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352902-isc3ek67 author: Powell, Adam W. title: The Adaptation of Pediatric Exercise Testing Programs to the Coronavirus/COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352902-isc3ek67.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352902-isc3ek67.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-352902-isc3ek67.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341715-8h57tppr author: Sernicola, Alvise title: Treatment of nasal bridge ulceration related to protective measures for the COVID‐19 epidemic date: 2020-05-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341715-8h57tppr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341715-8h57tppr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-341715-8h57tppr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348614-im7qtr9k author: Yánez Benítez, Carlos title: International cooperation group of emergency surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348614-im7qtr9k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348614-im7qtr9k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348614-im7qtr9k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340887-k88hchau author: Khusid, Johnathan A. title: Well‐Being and Education of Urology Residents During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: Results of an American National Survey date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340887-k88hchau.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340887-k88hchau.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-340887-k88hchau.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322871-cf4mn0pu author: O'Keeffe, Dara Ann title: Ebola Emergency Preparedness: Simulation Training for Frontline Health Care Professionals date: 2016-08-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322871-cf4mn0pu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322871-cf4mn0pu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-322871-cf4mn0pu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343865-wbd0hqqc author: Singh, Ajay title: Real-Time Remote Surveillance of Doffing During COVID-19 Pandemic: Enhancing Safety of Health Care Workers date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343865-wbd0hqqc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343865-wbd0hqqc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-343865-wbd0hqqc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348038-9v16k6gi author: Bagnasco, Annamaria title: COVID 19—A message from Italy to the global nursing community date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348038-9v16k6gi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348038-9v16k6gi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348038-9v16k6gi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327595-00fxzyhq author: nan title: American Geriatrics Society (AGS) Policy Brief: COVID‐19 and Assisted Living Facilities date: 2020-05-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327595-00fxzyhq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327595-00fxzyhq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-327595-00fxzyhq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347381-nn6jqqy5 author: Mazzola, Santina M. title: Maintaining Perioperative Safety in Uncertain Times: COVID‐19 Pandemic Response Strategies date: 2020-09-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347381-nn6jqqy5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347381-nn6jqqy5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347381-nn6jqqy5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335704-qejpc4x8 author: Kuhar, Hannah N. title: Otolaryngology in the Time of Corona: Assessing Operative Impact and Risk During the COVID-19 Crisis date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335704-qejpc4x8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335704-qejpc4x8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-335704-qejpc4x8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317323-wp3vh4c1 author: Kandhari, Rajat title: The changing paradigm of an aesthetic practice during the COVID‐19 pandemic: An expert consensus date: 2020-10-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317323-wp3vh4c1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317323-wp3vh4c1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-317323-wp3vh4c1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316157-7nci4q1q author: Iheduru‐Anderson, Kechi title: Reflections on the lived experience of working with limited personal protective equipment during the COVID‐19 crisis date: 2020-10-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316157-7nci4q1q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316157-7nci4q1q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-316157-7nci4q1q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337785-fwo0r4bb author: Mercer, Scott Thomas title: A Comparative Study Looking at Trauma and Orthopaedic Operating Efficiency in the COVID-19 Era date: 2020-10-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337785-fwo0r4bb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337785-fwo0r4bb.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-337785-fwo0r4bb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344262-5yk1keg3 author: Evans, Lauran K. title: COVID-19 Drive-Through Point of Screening and Testing (POST) System: A Safe, Efficient, and Adaptable Model for Nasopharyngeal Swab Collection date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344262-5yk1keg3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344262-5yk1keg3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-344262-5yk1keg3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314460-dbrp4vxc author: Gibbs, Shawn G. title: Review of Literature for Air Medical Evacuation High-Level Containment Transport date: 2019-10-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314460-dbrp4vxc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314460-dbrp4vxc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-314460-dbrp4vxc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346176-w6uaet7l author: Nayeri, Shadi title: Conducting Translational Gastrointestinal Research in the Era of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346176-w6uaet7l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346176-w6uaet7l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346176-w6uaet7l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337499-jzpgtkai author: Yong Choi, Sung title: Safe surgical tracheostomy during the COVID-19 pandemic: A protocol based on experiences with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome and COVID-19 outbreaks in South Korea date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337499-jzpgtkai.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337499-jzpgtkai.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-337499-jzpgtkai.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332815-1w1ikj7q author: Zhan, Mingkun title: Lesson Learned from China Regarding Use of Personal Protective Equipment date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332815-1w1ikj7q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332815-1w1ikj7q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-332815-1w1ikj7q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324654-nnojaupv author: Vordos, Nick title: How 3D Printing and Social Media Tackles the PPE Shortage during Covid – 19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324654-nnojaupv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324654-nnojaupv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-324654-nnojaupv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342810-41dghl0c author: Nguyen, Thanh N. title: Subarachnoid hemorrhage guidance in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic -An opinion to mitigate exposure and conserve personal protective equipment date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342810-41dghl0c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342810-41dghl0c.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-342810-41dghl0c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337633-arivuags author: Perkins, Douglas Jay title: COVID-19 Global Pandemic Planning: Decontamination and Reuse Processes for N95 Respirators date: 2020-04-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337633-arivuags.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337633-arivuags.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-337633-arivuags.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334124-w9jww3hk author: Murphy, David L title: Occupational exposures and programmatic response to COVID-19 pandemic: an emergency medical services experience date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334124-w9jww3hk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334124-w9jww3hk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-334124-w9jww3hk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319567-4t5t8bcx author: Şentürk, Mert title: Thoracic Anesthesia of Patients with Suspected or Confirmed 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection: Preliminary Recommendations for Airway Management by the EACTA Thoracic Subspecialty Committee date: 2020-04-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319567-4t5t8bcx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319567-4t5t8bcx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-319567-4t5t8bcx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352324-tle14vtm author: Martini, Chiara title: Phase 3 of COVID-19: treat your patients and care for your radiographers. A designed projection for an aware and innovative radiology department. date: 2020-10-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352324-tle14vtm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352324-tle14vtm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-352324-tle14vtm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-356041-tc2cumv2 author: Cotrin, Paula title: Healthcare Workers in Brazil during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey date: 2020-10-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-356041-tc2cumv2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-356041-tc2cumv2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-356041-tc2cumv2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332083-135iic7m author: Xia, Wei title: The Physical and Psychological Effects of Personal Protective Equipment on Health Care Workers in Wuhan, China: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study date: 2020-09-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332083-135iic7m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332083-135iic7m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-332083-135iic7m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320640-5m6sqwq8 author: Kumar, Harender title: COVID-19 Creating another problem? Sustainable solution for PPE disposal through LCA approach date: 2020-10-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320640-5m6sqwq8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320640-5m6sqwq8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-320640-5m6sqwq8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-131678-rvg1ayp2 author: Ponce, Marcelo title: covid19.analytics: An R Package to Obtain, Analyze and Visualize Data from the Corona Virus Disease Pandemic date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-131678-rvg1ayp2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-131678-rvg1ayp2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-131678-rvg1ayp2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349740-xed4aybr author: Wang, Yulong title: Recommendations of protective measures for orthopedic surgeons during COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349740-xed4aybr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349740-xed4aybr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-349740-xed4aybr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349008-x750xe8n author: Ertl-Wagner, Birgit B. title: Preparedness for the COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary pediatric radiology department date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349008-x750xe8n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349008-x750xe8n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-349008-x750xe8n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339517-93nuovsj author: Consolo, Ugo title: Epidemiological Aspects and Psychological Reactions to COVID-19 of Dental Practitioners in the Northern Italy Districts of Modena and Reggio Emilia date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339517-93nuovsj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339517-93nuovsj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-339517-93nuovsj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330737-6khv4kbj author: Cohen, Jennifer title: Contributing factors to personal protective equipment shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330737-6khv4kbj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330737-6khv4kbj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-330737-6khv4kbj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355577-w1yhtbz8 author: Kowalski, Luiz Paulo title: Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Activity of Physicians Working in the Areas of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355577-w1yhtbz8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355577-w1yhtbz8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355577-w1yhtbz8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340799-1awmtj52 author: Krajewska, Joanna title: Review of practical recommendations for otolaryngologists and head and neck surgeons during the COVID-19 pandemic: Recommendations for otolaryngologists during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340799-1awmtj52.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340799-1awmtj52.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-340799-1awmtj52.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345210-6f8niif5 author: Tadavarthy, Silpa N. title: Developing and Implementing an Infection Prevention and Control Program for a COVID-19 Alternative Care Site in Philadelphia, PA date: 2020-07-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345210-6f8niif5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345210-6f8niif5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-345210-6f8niif5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346894-iy35298o author: Miranda-Schaeubinger, Monica title: A primer for pediatric radiologists on infection control in an era of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346894-iy35298o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346894-iy35298o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346894-iy35298o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355431-efwuy8p9 author: Ambrosio, Luca title: The role of the orthopaedic surgeon in the COVID-19 era: cautions and perspectives date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355431-efwuy8p9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355431-efwuy8p9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-355431-efwuy8p9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333509-dnuakd6h author: Chan, Hui Yun title: Hospitals’ Liabilities in Times of Pandemic: Recalibrating the Legal Obligation to Provide Personal Protective Equipment to Healthcare Workers date: 2020-10-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333509-dnuakd6h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333509-dnuakd6h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-333509-dnuakd6h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316126-j51dik7f author: Zhang, X. Sophie title: SARS-CoV-2 and Health Care Worker Protection in Low-Risk Settings: a Review of Modes of Transmission and a Novel Airborne Model Involving Inhalable Particles date: 2020-10-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316126-j51dik7f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316126-j51dik7f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-316126-j51dik7f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338365-9sd62a2w author: Patrício Silva, Ana L. title: Increased plastic pollution due to Covid-19 pandemic: challenges and recommendations date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338365-9sd62a2w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338365-9sd62a2w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-338365-9sd62a2w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339614-28s205p8 author: Dover, Jeffrey S. title: A Path to Resume Aesthetic Care: Executive Summary of Project AesCert Guidance Supplement—Practical Considerations for Aesthetic Medicine Professionals Supporting Clinic Preparedness in Response to the SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak date: 2020-05-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339614-28s205p8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339614-28s205p8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-339614-28s205p8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318944-13zk6cco author: Bizzoca, Maria Eleonora title: Covid-19 Pandemic: What Changes for Dentists and Oral Medicine Experts? A Narrative Review and Novel Approaches to Infection Containment date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318944-13zk6cco.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318944-13zk6cco.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318944-13zk6cco.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331533-0toegbv8 author: Leiker, Brenna title: COVID – 19 CASE STUDY IN EMERGENCY MEDICINE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE; FROM PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT TO DELIVERGY OF CARE date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331533-0toegbv8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331533-0toegbv8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-331533-0toegbv8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316063-9bg2dm8e author: Morgan, Marcus title: Why meaning-making matters: the case of the UK Government’s COVID-19 response date: 2020-10-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316063-9bg2dm8e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316063-9bg2dm8e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-316063-9bg2dm8e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276758-k2imddzr author: Siegel, Jane D. title: 2007 Guideline for Isolation Precautions: Preventing Transmission of Infectious Agents in Health Care Settings date: 2007-12-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276758-k2imddzr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276758-k2imddzr.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 6 resourceName b'cord-276758-k2imddzr.txt' Que is empty; done keyword-ppe-cord === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-009432-0ahamczt author = Ip, Vivian title = VID-19 pandemic: the 3R’s (reduce, refine, and replace) of personal protective equipment (PPE) sustainability date = 2020-04-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 759 sentences = 47 flesch = 42 summary = title: VID-19 pandemic: the 3R's (reduce, refine, and replace) of personal protective equipment (PPE) sustainability The 3R-mantra of sustainability (reduce, refine, and replace) not only applies to ''green anesthesia'' practice, 2 but is also well-suited to PPE preservation. The World Health Organization continues to recommend droplet and contact precautions for general care but airborne precautions for HCPs performing aerosol-generating medical procedures (AGMP) in COVID-19 patients. A On the other hand, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) now recommends the use of respirator masks as part of the first line of protection of HCP caring for suspected COVID-19 patients. The need to refine the current culture of using disposable PPE to sustainable PPE solutions is essential for demand to meet supply-ideally, before a pandemic. Simulation as a tool for assessing and evolving your current personal protective equipment: lessons learned during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-009432-0ahamczt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-009432-0ahamczt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-011413-yv4x8viu author = Shekar, Kiran title = Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Coronavirus Disease 2019 Interim Guidelines: A Consensus Document from an International Group of Interdisciplinary Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Providers date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7479 sentences = 535 flesch = 41 summary = The Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Guidelines have been developed to assist existing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) centers to prepare and plan provision of ECMO during the ongoing pandemic. 11 The interim recommendations presented here balance the need to provide high-quality ECMO care to those who may benefit most while being cognizant of available resources and maintaining an environment of patient and staff safety (Figure 1) . In addition, the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) COVID-19 Working Group Members completed a survey on patient selection criteria for ECMO to build consensus. We recommend the following contraindications for ECMO in patients with cardiopulmonary failure due to COVID-19 (Table 1) in centers functioning under significant resource constraints, for example, Contingency Capacity ≥ Tier 1. International ECMO Network (ECMONet): Position paper for the organization of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation programs for acute respiratory failure in adult patients cache = ./cache/cord-011413-yv4x8viu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-011413-yv4x8viu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271048-tq1sk01g author = Ellis, R. title = Operating during the COVID-19 pandemic: How to reduce medical error date = 2020-04-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1681 sentences = 101 flesch = 55 summary = Many surgical colleagues are being trained in managing unwell patients suffering with coronavirus on the wards, others have been supporting emergency departments and intensive care units. Despite covering an increasing number of patients admitted with COVID-19, surgeons will still be dealing with emergency surgical admissions and will continue to operate on emergency cases. In light of these new and unfamiliar challenges, there are resources available to help surgeons revise their knowledge of acute medicine and receive updates on COVID-19 via webinars 5, 6 ; critical care websites with up to date guidelines and handbooks (such as the intensive care society: www.ics.ac.uk/ICS/handbooks.aspx); Systemic Training in Acute Illness Recognition and Treatment for Surgery (START) course, that includes a human factors presentation, on the RCS website; Non-Technical Skills for Surgeons course (NOTSS) presentations are available on the RCS Edinburgh website (www.rcsed.ac.uk) to both members and non-members. cache = ./cache/cord-271048-tq1sk01g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271048-tq1sk01g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-029722-85h5060v author = Proffitt, Edmund title = Decoding the English standard operating procedures for dentists and the dental industry date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2047 sentences = 79 flesch = 45 summary = It could be seen as a vehicle to herald what the CDO England has described as a 'COVID-19 legacy hallmarked by a determined revision of the current activitydriven clinical approach, optimising time with patients and delivered as an integrated oral health team.' 3 Beyond the scope of the SOP document, there also appears to be an appetite for contract reform to support this 'revision' going forwards. Seemingly, the raison d'être of the new standard operating procedures is not just to outline the detailed procedures for kick-starting dentistry, but also to support practices through transition and the shift towards a preventative and minimally invasive clinical approach that meets the current clinical challenges, and possibly then goes beyond. Seemingly, the raison d'être of the new standard operating procedures is not just to outline the detailed procedures for kick-starting dentistry, but also to support practices through transition and the shift towards a preventative and minimally invasive clinical approach that meets the current clinical challenges, and possibly then goes beyond. cache = ./cache/cord-029722-85h5060v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-029722-85h5060v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267996-5l9shks8 author = Tysiąc-Miśta, Monika title = The Attitudes and Professional Approaches of Dental Practitioners during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Poland: A Cross-Sectional Survey date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6338 sentences = 330 flesch = 55 summary = variables, such as a lack of access to adequate, enhanced PPE; individuals' COVID-19 contraction risk assessments; self-reported feelings of anxiety regarding the disease; gender; the acknowledgement of national guidance on how to treat patients during the recent health care crisis; and other factors such as age, years of clinical experience, marital status, having children, place of residence, risk group for coronavirus infection due to comorbidities and, finally, dentists' acknowledgement of the professional recommendations launched by the PDA and PMH. We also investigated factors such as age, years of clinical practice (Table 5) , marital status, having children, place of residence, belonging to the risk group for coronavirus infection due to comorbidities, and dentists' opinions on the lasting impact of COVID-19 on dental procedures (Table 6 ) in relation to the decision to continue dental practice or not. cache = ./cache/cord-267996-5l9shks8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267996-5l9shks8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277167-qdi6hu82 author = Fuzaylov, Gennadiy title = Adjustment for international surgical outreach missions due to COVID-19 date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 805 sentences = 55 flesch = 49 summary = Doctors Collaborating to help Children is one such non-profit organization which started a global health campaign to improve burn care in Ukraine [4] . The incidence of burn injury, and other surgically treated diseases is unlikely to acutely change in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic, undoubtably creating an increase in patients seeking care [5] . However, discontinuing international surgical missions is critical in preventing regional viral spread, preserving PPE, and protecting ourselves and our patients. In line with CDC recommendations to increase telemedicine care, we encourage providers involved in surgical outreach to do the same. Limitations in testing and ventilators, PPE requirements, and a call for reducing global spread necessitate a stop in international travel for providers involved in surgical outreach missions. We continuing to work with doctors and health care ministers abroad remotely through increasing telemedicine efforts. cache = ./cache/cord-277167-qdi6hu82.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277167-qdi6hu82.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-016223-nk8xwa0t author = Andersen, Bjørg Marit title = Strict Isolation date = 2018-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4884 sentences = 387 flesch = 61 summary = The unit should be located in a separate ward, preferably in a separate building with direct access via an external sluice and internal access through a negative air pressure sluice with sufficient areal for donning and doffing and for a safe treatment of infectious equipment and waste. Technical staff, handling medical equipment, including collection tanks and autoclaves, shall be specially trained in infection control and must be able to use a sluice function with the use of PPE, when entering these disinfection areas. • Out sluicing needs plenty of space for washbasin and suitable hand disinfectant, for doffing (undressing) and for the use of at least three waste bags (disposal, textiles and reusable equipment). Option if not autoclave/decontaminator in the isolation unit: Infectious waste bag is treated exterior with 5% chloramine and double packed in new yellow thick plastic bag in the sluice. cache = ./cache/cord-016223-nk8xwa0t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-016223-nk8xwa0t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258498-0mvxwo3w author = Shah, Saleha title = COVID-19 and paediatric dentistry- traversing the challenges. A narrative review date = 2020-08-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 13560 sentences = 748 flesch = 49 summary = This review article informs about measures which reduce facility risk, manage symptomatic patients and protect personal health care and management with reference to paediatric dentistry. 5, 6, 7 The risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission via aerosols generated during dental procedures cannot be eliminated when practicing in the absence of Airborne Precautions (airborne infection isolation rooms or single-patient rooms, respiratory protection program, N95 respirators). 47 Primary prevention encompasses prenatal health care, avoidance of night time bottle feed with sugary drinks or milk, restricting sugar intake and frequency for children younger than 24 months, avoiding frequent/nocturnal breast or bottle feeding after 1 year, exposure to dietary fluoridate (water, milk, salt), use of an age appropriate amount of fluoride toothpaste containing at least 1000ppm fluoride for brushing at least twice a day, dental visit in the first year of life and regular applications of 5% fluoride. cache = ./cache/cord-258498-0mvxwo3w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258498-0mvxwo3w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-102456-6jt4ksha author = Taylor-Cousar, Jennifer L. title = How I Do It: Restarting Respiratory Clinical Research in the Era of the COVID19 Pandemic date = 2020-11-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4068 sentences = 168 flesch = 35 summary = However, now that we have navigated the initial surge of SARS-CoV-2 cases, many are considering how to reintroduce non-COVID-19 clinical research conduct while protecting participants, staff and ensuring data integrity. Here we review key considerations and suggest a step-wise approach for resuming clinical research including observational research, registry trials, and interventional trials, as well as potential data confounding related to COVID-19 infections that are important to consider as research studies restart and data are analyzed. In the spirit of "Do No Harm", it is critical that institutional policies and processes are in place to ensure that there is no significant additional risk of contracting viral respiratory or other infections in the normal course of participation in research studies; now during the COVID-19 pandemic, these principles are even more critical. Throughout the subject's participation in clinical research during the pandemic, she expressed her appreciation for the opportunity to continue in the study from which she believed she was benefiting, with minimal risk of exposure to infection from SARS-CoV-2. cache = ./cache/cord-102456-6jt4ksha.txt txt = ./txt/cord-102456-6jt4ksha.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272585-346ef6qy author = Lombardi, JM title = Addressing a National Crisis: The Spine Hospital and Department's Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in New York City date = 2020-05-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5078 sentences = 262 flesch = 51 summary = title: Addressing a National Crisis: The Spine Hospital and Department's Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in New York City As peak infections spread across the United States, we hope this article will serve as a resource for other spine departments on how to manage patient care and healthcare worker deployment during the COVID-19 crisis. Our institution has been on the forefront of the COVID-19 pandemic, as we treated "patient zero" in New York City, who presented to our Emergency Department (ED) on February 28 th . Published data by healthcare providers in Asia and Europe demonstrated that the most substantial threat to COVID-19 patient morbidity and mortality was the lack of adequate critical care resources including intensive care unit (ICU) beds and respiratory support [8] [9] . It is vital to note that although redeployment was an important initiative to our department during this time of crisis, our primary concern was to maintain an adequate workforce to meet all orthopaedic surgical demands at our institution. cache = ./cache/cord-272585-346ef6qy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272585-346ef6qy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264614-2x7cdul3 author = Díaz-Guio, Diego Andrés title = COVID-19: Biosafety in the Intensive Care Unit date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3857 sentences = 228 flesch = 49 summary = PURPOSE OF REVIEW: COVID-19 is a new, highly transmissible disease to which healthcare workers (HCWs) are exposed, especially in the intensive care unit (ICU). This article aims to show the different strategies to prevent the widespread of the disease to critical care healthcare workers based on the review of the recent literature and the author's experience with the personal protective equipment (PPE) in the care of patients with COVID-19 and work on human factors in crisis management. Nonetheless, to date, there is no robust evidence that medical masks are inferior to N95/FFP2 respirators for protecting healthcare workers against laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 during patients care and non-AGPs [31] . While personal protective equipment is an essential part of safety to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission, it must be employed appropriately, together with frequent hand hygiene, and mastering specific techniques and non-technical skills like awareness, closed-loop communication, leadership, team working, appropriate resource management, and cognitive aids [14, 34] . cache = ./cache/cord-264614-2x7cdul3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264614-2x7cdul3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295322-9kye4w9g author = Kumar, Parmeshwar title = Adaptation of the ‘Assembly Line’ and ‘Brick System’ techniques for hospital resource management of personal protective equipment, as preparedness for mitigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in a large public hospital in India date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 738 sentences = 51 flesch = 52 summary = title: Adaptation of the 'Assembly Line' and 'Brick System' techniques for hospital resource management of personal protective equipment, as preparedness for mitigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in a large public hospital in India An assembly line was put in place where components of the PPE kit were added in sequence until the final completed product was packed and ready for distribution. It is typically used inventory management of the personal kit issued to each fighting unit and also used by the United Nations Peace Keeping Forces (The UN Brick) [1] . The requisite number of in-house PPE kits for the various wards were then assembled into one brick(a carton) and supplied to that unit on a daily basis. Bricks of varying sizes and levels help in rationing of PPE between different wards based on differentiating essential and elective patients. cache = ./cache/cord-295322-9kye4w9g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295322-9kye4w9g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-026765-cw4rh1on author = Dingle, M. title = Altered exodontia techniques date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1592 sentences = 79 flesch = 54 summary = authors: Dingle, M.; Irshad, H.; McKernon, S.; Taylor, K. dosing protocols as accurately as possible (to standardise the dosing), and we anticipate the that the product will be available mid-May, initially in a 5L presentation, primarily for dentists, while a nasal and throat spray will follow in late May primarily for pre-procedural use in the hospital setting. Sir, we write to inform your readers about techniques for non-surgical exodontia we have adapted to at Liverpool University Dental Hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic. As cases in our population grew the dental clinic went on an emergency only protocol and to date we have provided dental care to almost 500 patients and performed approximately over 100 dental emergency procedures. Sir, I would like to share my thoughts and experiences on how COVID-19 has affected me as a year 13 student, applying to university to study dentistry this September. cache = ./cache/cord-026765-cw4rh1on.txt txt = ./txt/cord-026765-cw4rh1on.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-035137-uxtaw02u author = Chowdhury, Anis Z. title = Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Developing Countries: Lessons from Selected Countries of the Global South date = 2020-11-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6821 sentences = 363 flesch = 51 summary = But most national authorities outside of East Asia did not take adequate early precautionary measures speedily enough to contain the spread of the outbreak, typically by promoting safe 'physical distancing', obligatory use of masks in public areas, and other measures to reduce the spread and likelihood of infection. Government capacity to respond depends crucially on system capacity and capabilities-e.g., authorities' ability to speedily trace, isolate and treat the infected-and available fiscal resources-e.g., to quickly enhance testing capacity and secure personal protective equipment (PPE). Finally, it draws some implications of different policy responses in East Asia, Southeast Asia-especially Vietnam, and India's Kerala state-Argentina, Brazil and Peru, that are relevant for other countries. And where communities or clusters had significant infection rates, urgent, targeted measures could have helped 'turn the tide' on COVID-19 with decisive early actions, as in China, Korea and Vietnam, without imposing nationwide 'stay in shelter' or 'shelter in place' lockdowns, 16 or restrictions on movements of people within its borders. cache = ./cache/cord-035137-uxtaw02u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-035137-uxtaw02u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258504-pnd46ipd author = Bleasdale, Susan C. title = Experience of Chicagoland acute care hospitals in preparing for Ebola virus disease, 2014–2015 date = 2019-07-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6055 sentences = 298 flesch = 45 summary = During the 2014–2015 Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak, hospitals in the United States selected personal protective equipment (PPE) and trained healthcare personnel (HCP) in anticipation of receiving EVD patients. Semistructured interviews were conducted with HCP involved with decision-making during EVD preparations at acute care hospitals in the Chicago, IL area to gather information about the PPE selection and training process. For example, an interviewed trainer from a hospital where HCP "wanted to be encased [in PPE] like a mummy" noted that preferences "started to change after like the 4th or 5th simulation where people were like, '[M]an, [I] can't work like this.'" When asked to identify the three training modalities that had the greatest positive impact on their confidence to care for an Ebola patient, surveyed trainees most frequently identified: hands-on activities in group (n ¼ 39) or individual settings (n ¼ 28), trained observers (n ¼ 21), instructional videos (n ¼ 11), training in a simulated care area with (n ¼ 10) or without task trainers (n ¼ 8), and using markers for evaluation of self-contamination during PPE doffing (n ¼ 8) ( Table 2 ). cache = ./cache/cord-258504-pnd46ipd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258504-pnd46ipd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-031378-iy67xnec author = Atif, Iqra title = The Role of Digital Technologies that Could Be Applied for Prescreening in the Mining Industry During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4709 sentences = 236 flesch = 50 summary = Potential digital technologies that could be applied to tackle various problems related to COVID-19 pandemic are artificial intelligence (AI), data analytics, Internet of medical things (IoMT), smart biosensors and sanitizing equipment. Smart bio-sensor-based face shields can also be used in the mining industry, not only for protection purposes, but also as display screens to highlight any critical information related to the miner's health and safety. Smart boots is another digital technology that can be useful to prevent infectious viruses like COVID-19 by providing the worker contact tracing and ensure social distancing (Fig. 8) . The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine reported that ultraviolet (UV) light-based walkthrough gates possibly could eradicate the coronavirus that contains the deadly Fig. 9 IoT-Q-Band system for real-time monitoring of the health condition of individual and ensure social distancing to prevent the spread of COVID-19 virus, source: Singh et al. cache = ./cache/cord-031378-iy67xnec.txt txt = ./txt/cord-031378-iy67xnec.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-025623-1v9614f8 author = Mahapatra, Pallab Sinha title = Surface Treatments to Enhance the Functionality of PPEs date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2039 sentences = 131 flesch = 48 summary = This paper focuses on improving PPE functionality in a scalable manner by surface treatment and coating with appropriate materials and other functional enhancements, such as exposure to UV rays or other sterilizing agents (e.g., hydrogen peroxide). Surface treatments to enhance resistance against diseasecausing microbes, i.e., antimicrobial coatings, have the potential to improve PPE functionalities dramatically. Hydrophobic coatings make it difficult for droplets/particles to adhere on surfaces and are known to provide antimicrobial characteristics, which are retained after multiple washes; antibacterial and antifungal properties were demonstrated by Mukherjee et al. Klibanov's group at MIT has shown extended functionality of hydrophobic coating characteristics against influenza viruses, which get transmitted through respiratory droplets, like SARS-CoV-2; Halder et al. Scalable surface treatment strategies that combine antiviral action with liquid-repelling properties are one of many possible approaches to enhance the functionality of PPEs, thereby serving to satisfy their high demand in the healthcare industry and other fronts where the COVID-19 pandemic is being fought. cache = ./cache/cord-025623-1v9614f8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-025623-1v9614f8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285960-1zuhilmu author = Conly, John title = Use of medical face masks versus particulate respirators as a component of personal protective equipment for health care workers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4921 sentences = 209 flesch = 41 summary = The report by the World Health Organization (WHO) Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China supports person-to-person droplet and fomite transmission during close unprotected contact with the vast majority of the investigated infection clusters occurring within families, with a household secondary attack rate varying between 3 and 10%, a finding that is not consistent with airborne transmission. Based on the scientific evidence accumulated to date, our view is that SARS-CoV-2 is not spread by the airborne route to any significant extent and the use of particulate respirators offers no advantage over medical masks as a component of personal protective equipment for the routine care of patients with COVID-19 in the health care setting. The findings from multiple systematic reviews and meta analyses over the last decade have not demonstrated any significant difference in the clinical effectiveness of particulate respirators compared to the use of medical masks when used by HCWs in multiple health care settings for the prevention of respiratory virus infections, including influenza [57] [58] [59] . cache = ./cache/cord-285960-1zuhilmu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285960-1zuhilmu.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274477-jkjyh4cs author = Zhang, Zhiruo title = Protecting healthcare personnel from 2019-nCoV infection risks: lessons and suggestions date = 2020-03-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1468 sentences = 68 flesch = 50 summary = The outbreak of a novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19, caused by the 2019-nCoV infection) in December 2019 is one of the most severe public health emergencies since the founding of People's Republic of China in 1949. Healthcare personnel (HCP) nationwide are facing heavy workloads and high risk of infection, especially those who care for patients at the epicenter of the outbreak, Hubei Province. Based on literature search and interviews with some HCP working at Wuhan, capital city of Hubei, we have summarized some of the effective measures taken to reduce infection among HCP, and also made suggestions for improving occupational safety during an infectious disease outbreak. The local outbreak of novel coronavirus epidemic (COVID-19, caused by the 2019-nCoV infection) in Wuhan, Hubei Province of China, last December has rapidly spread nationwide with a cumulative number of 80 026 laboratory-confirmed cases and 2912 deaths as of March 1, 2020 [1] . cache = ./cache/cord-274477-jkjyh4cs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274477-jkjyh4cs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281762-qwlfikfl author = Shorten, George D. title = Personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic (Letter #1) date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 570 sentences = 35 flesch = 50 summary = During the coronavirus disease pandemic, the circumstances under which donning and doffing of PPE is being learned, trained, and subsequently performed may be suboptimal. Although no overview exists of the training practices for donning and doffing PPE, it is likely that it is less than ideal. Ideally, in designing a training program for a new procedure, one would: 1) share a description of the procedure with ''trainees'' that contains unambiguous definitions of each step, and common and critical errors; 2) apply a pre-training preparation standard; 3) provide real-world materials (e.g., PPE) for repeated deliberate practice; 4) provide multiple training sessions based on performance; and 5) undertake an ''exit'' assessment. 4 Proficiencybased progression and other forms of metrics-based training decrease the incidence of errors amongst novice practitioners and the evidence of its consistent efficacy is particularly strong for procedural skills. Personal protective equipment (PPE) for both anesthesiologists and other airway managers: principles and practice during the COVID-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-281762-qwlfikfl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281762-qwlfikfl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287303-b7vg439c author = Piché-Renaud, Pierre-Philippe title = Healthcare worker perception of a global outbreak of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) and personal protective equipment: Survey of a pediatric tertiary-care hospital date = 2020-08-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3608 sentences = 188 flesch = 47 summary = OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to capture perspectives of healthcare workers (HCWs) on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and infection prevention and control (IPAC) measures implemented during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. INTERVENTION: A self-administered survey was distributed to HCWs. We analyzed factors influencing HCW knowledge and self-reported use of personal protective equipment (PPE), concerns about contracting COVID-19 and acceptance of the recommended IPAC precautions for COVID-19. 13, 14 During the 2003 SARS outbreak in Canada, inconsistent use of PPE and lack of adequate infection control training were among the factors contributing to the infection of HCWs. 15 In this study, we aimed to capture attitudes and knowledge of HCWs regarding COVID-19 and IPAC measures in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially related to PPE. We also sought to identify factors influencing HCW knowledge and self-reported use of personal protective equipment (PPE), concerns about contracting COVID-19, and acceptance of the recommended IPAC precautions for COVID19 . cache = ./cache/cord-287303-b7vg439c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287303-b7vg439c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276945-gly0stxm author = Coxon, Kirstie title = The impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on maternity care in Europe date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3955 sentences = 145 flesch = 49 summary = This observation, also seen in other countries which gather and report case ethnicity (Khunti et al., 2020) , has shocked many; the reasons are not fully understood, but it is clear that people with BAME ethnicity, whether they are pregnant women, members of the public, essential workers or health care providers, need to be pro-actively protected from contracting COVID-19. Yet women and midwives remain very much affected; care during pregnancy, birth and the postnatal weeks has changed radically and fast, and basic elements of the midwife-woman relationship such as meeting in person and providing a comforting touch have been upended in an attempt to maintain distance and reduce cross-infection. Commonalities include concerns around supply of PPE, high numbers of healthcare staff affected by the virus, and steps taken to reduce pregnant women's exposure to health settings by switching to online and telephone consultations where possible. cache = ./cache/cord-276945-gly0stxm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276945-gly0stxm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-027880-1apexs6o author = Hankenson, F. Claire title = Vaporized Hydrogen Peroxide Decontamination of N95 Respirators in a Dedicated Animal Research Facility for Reuse During a Novel Coronavirus Pandemic date = 2020-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3878 sentences = 164 flesch = 41 summary = To contribute to the decontamination effort for PPE needed in health sites in proximity to our institution, we repurposed a vacant animal research housing facility to establish a center for application of vaporized hydrogen peroxide (VHP) to disinfect critical medical materials for their return into service. 22 Building on our decontamination efforts to date, the VHP process for human medical equipment was assessed internally with the intent to return disinfected N95 respirators to their original owners at our hospital partner sites and assist safety groups (police and fire departments) with equipment disinfection across the state of Michigan. Institutions with AAALAC-accredited animal research areas, all of which comply with regulated environmental controls, will be able to use our protocols, specific VHP cycle times, and BI exposure and collection instructions to deliver VHP decontamination of used medical materials for their regions as well. cache = ./cache/cord-027880-1apexs6o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-027880-1apexs6o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279396-qmixem8i author = Carter, Chris title = COVID-19 Disease: a critical care perspective date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5302 sentences = 288 flesch = 49 summary = In addition to the relatively high numbers of COVID-19 patients developing severe respiratory failure resulting in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and requiring intubation and ventilatory support, the current data suggests an average length of stay for COVID patients in intensive care of eight days. The critical care nurse needs to recognise that patients who develop severe COVID-19 can rapidly develop Type 1 Respiratory Failure, ARDS and therefore require ventilatory support. 18 In non COVID-19 patients with increasing respiratory failure the use of High Flow Nasal Oxygen (HFNO) or Non-Invasive Ventilation (NIV) such as Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) may be used as a treatment strategy. 40 There is also a suggestion that an increased number of healthcare professionals is needed when providing care, particularly in critical care for procedures requiring two nurses to one patient (2:1) when PPE is worn. cache = ./cache/cord-279396-qmixem8i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279396-qmixem8i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264479-s20oacr9 author = Bern-Klug, Mercedes title = COVID-19 Highlights the Need for Trained Social Workers in Nursing Homes date = 2020-05-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1742 sentences = 101 flesch = 56 summary = This editorial provides examples of how nursing home social workers are adapting the way they connect with residents and families during the pandemic and concludes with suggestions. In nursing homes experiencing PPE shortages, the lack of equipment means activities and social services staff cannot safely enter resident rooms. While a core function of the social work role has always been to anticipate, assess and address resident psychosocial needs, social workers have also been key liaisons between the family and the facility. In nursing homes with multiple COVID deaths, social workers leave work with a pit in their stomach from the phone conversations with family members to discuss what to do with the decedent's body and their belongings. Including degreed and licensed social workers as part of the core team is a basic way to provide psychosocial care in nursing homes and enhance resident quality of life. cache = ./cache/cord-264479-s20oacr9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264479-s20oacr9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268874-ldja6aa4 author = Park, Sun Hee title = Personal Protective Equipment for Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6754 sentences = 330 flesch = 44 summary = Although no study has conclusively linked SARS-CoV-2 transmission to contaminated environmental surfaces, indirect contact with fomites is considered a possible route based on the evidence of heavy environmental contamination in healthcare settings, objects used by COVID-19 patients [26, 27] , and the finding that the virus remains viable on plastic surfaces for as long as 3 days [28] . Initially, the Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) guidelines recommended coveralls with shoe covers for contact precautions, goggles/face shields for eye protection, N95 or equivalent respirators for respiratory protection, and powered airpurifying respirators (PAPRs) when AGPs are performed [46] . PPE for droplet and contact precautions, such as surgical masks with eye protection, gowns, and gloves, are recommended for HCWs in contact with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients, and N95 or equivalent respirators should to be worn by HCWs whenever AGPs are performed. cache = ./cache/cord-268874-ldja6aa4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268874-ldja6aa4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270156-qrzjgzyk author = Cafferkey, J. J. title = Using HoloLens™ to reduce staff exposure to aerosol generating procedures during a global pandemic date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1941 sentences = 137 flesch = 56 summary = OBJECTIVES: In a tertiary centre in London we aim to implement HoloLens technology, allowing other medical staff to remotely join the consulting clinician when in a high-risk patient area delivering oxygen therapy. MAIN RESULTS: Mean self-reported time in the high-risk zone was less when using HoloLens (2.69 hours) compared to usual practice (3.96 hours) although this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.3657). In the CPAP unit of a UK teaching hospital we implemented HoloLens2™ as a pragmatic technology-led improvement project to facilitate remote care during the COVID-19 pandemic in a "Red zone" where NIV/CPAP/HFNO is delivered. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.24.20107193 doi: medRxiv preprint deployment practice was two or more staff donning personal protective equipment (PPE) for ward rounds and to review deteriorating patients. Evaluation of the intervention saw ward staff (doctors, nurses and allied health professionals) completing self-report questionnaires comparing pre-and post-HoloLens2™ deployment. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.24.20107193 doi: medRxiv preprint usual practice and 240 hours of HoloLens2™ use. cache = ./cache/cord-270156-qrzjgzyk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270156-qrzjgzyk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258965-g47n531n author = Ekpenyong, Bernadine title = Assessment of Knowledge, Practice and Guidelines towards the Novel COVID-19 among Eye Care Practitioners in Nigeria–A Survey-Based Study date = 2020-07-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4732 sentences = 209 flesch = 46 summary = The aim of this study was to explore knowledge, practice of risk and guidelines of the novel corona virus disease (COVID-19) infection among the eye care practitioners and the potential associated factors. ECPs in Nigeria displayed good knowledge about COVID-19 and provided eye care services during the COVID-19 lockdown in Nigeria, despite the majority not receiving any training on the use of PPEs with concerns over attending to patients. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge and practice of COVID-19 exposure risk among ECPs as well as understand their confidence in current Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH) guidelines for identifying possible COVID-19 cases, knowledge of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) recommendations and training in its usage when managing such cases. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on practitioners, their family members and practices, including questions on their confidence in the current FMoH guidelines for identifying possible COVID-19 cases, their knowledge of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) recommendations, and training in its usage during consultation were assessed. cache = ./cache/cord-258965-g47n531n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258965-g47n531n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253933-29tedkf8 author = David, Abel P. title = Tracheostomy guidelines developed at a large academic medical center during the COVID‐19 pandemic date = 2020-04-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3038 sentences = 163 flesch = 42 summary = 1 As an aerosol-generating procedure (AGP), tracheostomy is associated with high droplet and particle generation, placing health care providers at increased risk for transmission of respiratory viral infections. Factors relevant to our review included optimal timing of tracheostomy, duration of viral shedding in patients with COVID-19, risk to procedural teams from aerosol generation during tracheostomy, ICU capacity, and availability of PPE. In the context of the current pandemic, Tay et al conducted a literature review of tracheostomies performed during the SARS epidemic and concluded the following: (a) proper PPE (N95 mask, surgical cap, gown, goggles, and gloves) is of utmost importance; (b) surgical tracheostomy is preferably performed in a negative pressure ICU room by experienced providers with meticulous planning and seamless communication; (c) aerosol generation should be minimized through patient paralysis, ventilation hold during creation of tracheal window, and utilization of HEPA-filtered suction systems. cache = ./cache/cord-253933-29tedkf8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253933-29tedkf8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271603-zy4l9vtf author = Skali, Hicham title = Guidance and Best Practices for Reestablishment of Non-Emergent Care in Nuclear Cardiology Laboratories During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: An Information Statement from ASNC, IAEA, and SNMMI date = 2020-10-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3726 sentences = 206 flesch = 42 summary = title: Guidance and Best Practices for Reestablishment of Non-Emergent Care in Nuclear Cardiology Laboratories During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: An Information Statement from ASNC, IAEA, and SNMMI • For SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging studies in inpatients who are not eligible for stress only testing, consider performing the rest injection in the patient's inpatient room, to avoid completely or minimize waiting time in the laboratory. The nuclear cardiology laboratory's protocols and patient scheduling templates will need to be closely monitored and refined multiple times over the coming months as the COVID-19 pandemic slowly recedes, with potential for local or widespread waves of new COVID-19 infections. • Providers and institutions should monitor local data and follow national, state, and department of public health recommendations for possible second COVID-19 waves that may require decreasing nuclear cardiology laboratory activities and enhanced protective measures. cache = ./cache/cord-271603-zy4l9vtf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271603-zy4l9vtf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281627-8cq18gja author = Hon, Chun-Yip title = Personal protective equipment in health care: Can online infection control courses transfer knowledge and improve proper selection and use? date = 2008-12-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2141 sentences = 124 flesch = 51 summary = title: Personal protective equipment in health care: Can online infection control courses transfer knowledge and improve proper selection and use? We used observational evaluation to assess the ability of an online learning course to effectively transfer knowledge on personal protective equipment (PPE) selection and removal. The present study evaluated PPE selection and use by HCWs through observational analysis, both before and after the HCWs took an online infection control course. 14-17 From March to June 2007, nurses, care aides, and allied health staff attending the orientation program were invited to participate in a structured observation of PPE use before and after taking the infection control course. [18] [19] [20] 22 For the PPE sequence evaluation, the participant was given a ''1 point, 1 task'' score based on the observed structured clinical examination method, with a total maximum score based on the number of donning and doffing and hand hygiene tasks performed. cache = ./cache/cord-281627-8cq18gja.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281627-8cq18gja.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266905-j9ljwqv0 author = Ecker, Jeffrey L. title = Laboring Alone?: Brief Thoughts on Ethics and Practical Answers During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3575 sentences = 171 flesch = 57 summary = Condensation: To minimize risk of exposure to health care workers, some have proposed eliminating 4 spouses, partners and other visitors to support women during their labor and delivery. In most institutions, however, labor and delivery units have been rare exceptions to the "no-visitor" 23 rules, for visitors there are felt to have, in the words of the New York Department of Health, an 24 "essential" role in process of care, and not having a partner present for the birth of a child seems 25 unimaginable,unkind and, for some, even traumatic. As 100 noted above, the process of labor and delivery requires close quarters, but it is difficult to estimate the 101 true incremental risk that comes with accompanying and supporting a patient, especially if members of 102 the health care team are symptom free and wearing appropriate PPE. cache = ./cache/cord-266905-j9ljwqv0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266905-j9ljwqv0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-002246-er9kqdjw author = Lim, Seong Mi title = Contamination during doffing of personal protective equipment by healthcare providers date = 2015-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2199 sentences = 165 flesch = 55 summary = OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to describe the processes of both the donning and the doffing of personal protective equipment for Ebola and evaluate contamination during the doffing process. Participants were asked to carry out doffing and donning procedures with a helper after a 50-minute brief training and demonstration based on the 2014 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention protocol. For the donning process, the average interval until the end was 234.2 seconds (standard deviation [SD], 65.7), and the most frequent errors occurred when putting on the outer gloves (27.5%), respirator (20.6%), and hood (20.6%). CONCLUSION: A significant number of contaminations occur during the doffing process of personal protective equipment. 8, 9 Cases of contamination while treating Ebola patients rose rapidly during the current outbreak, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) announced the new personal protective equipment (PPE) guidelines for healthcare providers treating Ebola patients. cache = ./cache/cord-002246-er9kqdjw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-002246-er9kqdjw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283900-4pa93xqi author = Khan, M. Ali title = Perceptions of Occupational Risk and Changes in Clinical Practice of U.S. Vitreoretinal Surgery Fellows during the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2491 sentences = 158 flesch = 48 summary = Abstract Purpose To assess perceptions of occupational risk and changes to clinical practice of ophthalmology trainees in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. Main outcome measures Survey questions assessed policies guiding COVID-19 response, known or suspected exposure to SARS-CoV-2, changes in clinical duties and volume, and methods to reduce occupational risk including availability of personal protective equipment. Survey questions assessed training program environment, policies guiding 106 COVID-19 response, changes in fellow duties and clinical volume, and methods to reduce 107 occupational risk including availability of PPE. Discussion of data regarding differential reduction of SARS-CoV-2 or other coronavirus 307 transmission with surgical or N95 respirator masks is outside the scope of this study assessing ophthalmology trainee perceptions of occupational risk. This study reports 323 occupational risk perceptions, currently utilized risk mitigation strategies, and surgical volume 324 training concerns for second year US vitreoretinal surgery fellows mid-pandemic escalation. cache = ./cache/cord-283900-4pa93xqi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283900-4pa93xqi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-028605-ehercdou author = Merchan, Cristian title = COVID-19 pandemic preparedness: A practical guide from an operational pharmacy perspective date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4362 sentences = 187 flesch = 32 summary = PURPOSE: To describe our medical center's pharmacy services preparedness process and offer guidance to assist other institutions in preparing for surges of critically ill patients such as those experienced during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It was essential to create guidance documents outlining workflow, provide comprehensive staff education, and repurpose non–intensive care unit (ICU)-trained clinical pharmacotherapy specialists to work in ICUs. Teamwork was crucial to ensure staff safety, develop complete scheduling, maintain adequate drug inventory and sterile compounding, optimize the electronic health record and automated dispensing cabinets to help ensure appropriate prescribing and effective management of medication supplies, and streamline the pharmacy workflow to ensure that all patients received pharmacotherapeutic regimens in a timely fashion. Our pharmacy residents' training was redesigned to enable them to assist with both clinical and operational needs, including rounding in newly established units designated as "COVID-ICUs," participating in medical code responses, and assisting with operational needs such as sterile compounding, hand deliveries, and other tasks. cache = ./cache/cord-028605-ehercdou.txt txt = ./txt/cord-028605-ehercdou.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286977-330p60oh author = Barcala-Furelos, Roberto title = Plastic blanket drowning kit: A protection barrier to immediate resuscitation at the beach in the Covid-19 era. A pilot study. date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1706 sentences = 104 flesch = 59 summary = title: Plastic blanket drowning kit: A protection barrier to immediate resuscitation at the beach in the Covid-19 era. OBJECTIVE: Introducing a new, simple and inexpensive portable equipment for lifeguards, consisting of a pre-assembled full-size plastic blanket with a mask and HEPA filter, which could offer significant time-saving advantages to reduce COVID-19 risk transmission in the first few minutes of CPR after water rescue, avoiding the negative impact of delayed ventilation. METHOD: A pilot study was carried out to determine the feasibility of the pre-assembled kit of face-mask and HEPA filter adapted on a pre-set plastic-blanket. The PPE kit consists of a pre-assembled full-size transparent plastic blanket with an adaptation to a ventilation face mask with a High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filter. Plastic blanket drowning kit: a protection barrier to immediate resuscitation at the beach in the Covid-19 era. cache = ./cache/cord-286977-330p60oh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286977-330p60oh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281099-l2i7r1bp author = Izzetti, Rossana title = A perspective on dental activity during COVID‐19: the Italian survey. date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3491 sentences = 195 flesch = 48 summary = MATERIALS AND METHODS: An online anonymous questionnaire was administered to retrieve data on the dental procedures performed, the preventive measures adopted, and the predictions on the future changes in dentistry following the pandemic. Standard procedures appear insufficient in protecting from SARS-CoV-2, and thus specific measures to prevent virus transmission should be adopted to safeguard the health of both patients and oral care providers (Izzetti et al. -Post-dental treatment management of the dental office (Phase IV) A focus on highly epidemic areas, registering the higher number of cases, was also performed in order to evaluate the potential presence of differences between the regions in Northern Italy and the rest of the country. The set-up of the waiting room (non-clinical area) was adapted to the new situation by almost the totality of the sample, by providing a hydro-alcoholic solution for hand disinfection, removing objects at risk of contamination, and reorganizing the schedule in order to guarantee social distancing. cache = ./cache/cord-281099-l2i7r1bp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281099-l2i7r1bp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277350-zwu254n6 author = Bianco, F. title = Preventing transmission among operating room staff during COVID-19 pandemic: the role of the Aerosol Box and other personal protective equipment date = 2020-05-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1544 sentences = 83 flesch = 45 summary = title: Preventing transmission among operating room staff during COVID-19 pandemic: the role of the Aerosol Box and other personal protective equipment During aerosol-generating medical procedures (AGMP; e.g. intubating and extubating patients or any surgical procedures), the production of both airborne particles and droplets may increase the risk of infection. During aerosol-generating medical procedures (AGMP), the production of both airborne particles and droplets may increase the risk of infection. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defined a list of AGMP, during which the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) should be recommended for all involved theater staff [4, 5] . We report a retrospective case series of six COVID-19 positive male patients undergoing emergent surgical treatment for gastrointestinal complications. Considering the high risk of disease transmission during AGMP, we support the use of both PPE and AB to protect surgical staff during the current COVID-19 outbreak. cache = ./cache/cord-277350-zwu254n6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277350-zwu254n6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-021907-omruua6n author = Hick, John L. title = Personal Protective Equipment date = 2009-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6379 sentences = 363 flesch = 47 summary = • Use of respirators made it difficult for workers to communicate with each other, often resulting in users breaking the face seal to talk • Turnout gear (the common protective garments used by firefighters) increased heat stress and physical fatigue • At the WTC, the rubble pile was so hot in places that it melted the soles of workers' boots; providing wash stations to cool the boots resulted in wet feet and serious blisters for many workers; some 440 WTC disaster response workers sought treatment for blisters • Steel-reinforced boots (soles and toes) protected against punctures by sharp objects but conducted and retained heat, which contributed to blisters and burns • Structural firefighting gloves worked well until they got wet and hardened, reducing their dexterity • WTC disaster response workers did not consistently protect their hands against potential hazards such as human remains and bodily fluids • Safety glasses were readily available but often were open at the sides and did not offer adequate protection against airborne particles • Goggles were uncomfortable, hindered peripheral vision, tended to fog, and did not fit well in conjunction with half-face respirators • Many disaster response workers at the WTC (especially law enforcement officers) did not consistently use hearing protection, even around heavy machinery, because they needed to hear their radios and voices and listen for tapping when they were searching for survivors • Most volunteers at the WTC, Pentagon, and Oklahoma City did not receive pre-event training on PPE and hazardous materials • Although firefighters generally received detailed pre-event training, this was less true for law enforcement officers • Accurate "real-time" hazard information was not readily available, especially during the anthrax incidents • Protection from falls was available at some sites (in the form of ropes and harnesses) but was inconsistently used cache = ./cache/cord-021907-omruua6n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-021907-omruua6n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269900-7mzyib4r author = Ierardi, Anna Maria title = How to Handle a COVID-19 Patient in the Angiographic Suite date = 2020-04-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3446 sentences = 177 flesch = 47 summary = All the staff of the angiographic suite must use personal protective equipment (PPE), according to accepted infectious disease and epidemiology guidelines. Geographic isolation of COVID-19 positive patients should occur in designated suites only, in order to minimize different room exposures and familiarize cleaning staff with the same rooms. When carrying out these procedures on Covid-19 patients, the WHO recommends N95 or FFP2 standard masks or equivalent, and gowns, gloves, eye protection, aprons and shoe covers [4, 6] . According to the internal guidelines of our hospital, all staff members and every person operating in the same room as a positive or suspected COVID-19 patient have to wear N95 or FFP2 masks. To minimize the in and out movement from the potentially contaminated room, the staff must remain close to the angiographic table with PPE and sterile equipment. Strict attention to probe cover removal is required post-procedure (with full PPE and eye protection) to avoid contamination. cache = ./cache/cord-269900-7mzyib4r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269900-7mzyib4r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256112-zg63v8hh author = Rowan, Neil J. title = Challenges and solutions for addressing critical shortage of supply chain for personal and protective equipment (PPE) arising from Coronavirus disease (COVID19) pandemic – Case study from the Republic of Ireland date = 2020-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5768 sentences = 257 flesch = 38 summary = title: Challenges and solutions for addressing critical shortage of supply chain for personal and protective equipment (PPE) arising from Coronavirus disease (COVID19) pandemic – Case study from the Republic of Ireland This REA_PPE team comprises experts representative of anaesthesia and intensive care, medical device technology, infection control, hospital disinfection and sterilization, minimal processing; microbiology, toxicology, virology, material science, software engineering, and social marketing Priority initially focused on delineating effective communication channels in order to inform stocks within healthcare from several routes that include use of dedicated webpage [https: //covidmedsupply.org/] established by researchers from NUI Galway and University of Limerick (Ireland) that collects donations of PPE from regional industries and academic institutions. Original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) of one-time-use PPE have recently provided new information on possible methods for reprocessing these items given the universal need to consider contingency plans arising from shortages during this pandemic (such as 3M Science of Life, 2020). cache = ./cache/cord-256112-zg63v8hh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256112-zg63v8hh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293055-8scoocvx author = Deressa, W. title = Availability of personal protective equipment and satisfaction of healthcare professionals during COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia date = 2020-11-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7089 sentences = 350 flesch = 50 summary = Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess factors associated with the satisfaction level of healthcare workers with regard to the availability and use of proper PPE during the current COVID-19 pandemic. The independent predictors of the respondents satisfaction level about PPE were male gender (adjusted OR=1.39, 95% CI:1.05-1.85), healthcare workers who reported that PPE was adequately available in the hospital (adjusted OR=7.53, 95% CI:5.08-11.16), and preparedness to provide care to COVID-19 cases (adjusted OR=1.65, 95% CI:1.22-2.12). The purpose of this study was to assess the self-reported availability and use of PPE as well as satisfaction level of HCPs practicing in public hospitals in Addis Ababa during the current COVID-19 pandemic. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.30.20223149 doi: medRxiv preprint Table 5 shows the satisfaction level of HCPs with regard to the current availability and use of PPE in the study hospitals, and 54.7% (n=584) and 17.5% (n=187) of the respondents reported that they were unsatisfied or somewhat unsatisfied with the availability of PPE, respectively. cache = ./cache/cord-293055-8scoocvx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293055-8scoocvx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287707-ng0ha3vv author = Pal, Arghya title = ‘Masking’ of the mental state: unintended consequences of personal protective equipment (PPE) on psychiatric clinical practice date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 886 sentences = 53 flesch = 50 summary = title: 'Masking' of the mental state: unintended consequences of personal protective equipment (PPE) on psychiatric clinical practice 'Masking' of the mental state: unintended consequences of personal protective equipment (PPE) on psychiatric clinical practice "When your face says it all, your mouth waits its turn"this quotation by Anthony T. The mental state examination (MSE) derives significantly from simple observation of someone"s facial expressions and body language, in addition to clinical questions. The use of masks hampers the observation of facial expressions which is very important for any MSE. Apart from the difficulties in conducting MSE, PPE may also pose a barrier to observe some clinical signs which are as important to psychiatry as for other medical disciplines, e.g., injuries, pallor, icterus, cyanosis, etc. It would be highly beneficial for psychiatrists and patients alike if the national or international psychiatric bodies can prepare guidelines while weighing all the pros and cons, to conduct interviews and MSEs during the current pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-287707-ng0ha3vv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287707-ng0ha3vv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296306-xcomjvaa author = Rivett, Lucy title = Screening of healthcare workers for SARS-CoV-2 highlights the role of asymptomatic carriage in COVID-19 transmission date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6500 sentences = 350 flesch = 48 summary = Significant differences exist in the availability of healthcare worker (HCW) SARS-CoV-2 testing between countries, and existing programmes focus on screening symptomatic rather than asymptomatic staff. Table 3 outlines the total number of SARS-CoV-2 tests performed in each screening group (HCW asymptomatic, HCW symptomatic, and HCW symptomatic household contact) categorised according to the ward with the highest anticipated risk of exposure to high; 'amber', medium; 'green', low; . Three subgroups of SARS-CoV-2 positive asymptomatic HCW Each individual in the HCW asymptomatic screening group was contacted by telephone to establish a clinical history, and COVID-19 probability criteria ( Table 1) were retrospectively applied to categorise any symptoms in the month prior to testing ( Figure 2 ). 12/30 (40%) individuals from the HCW asymptomatic screening group reported symptoms > 7 days prior to testing, and the majority experiencing symptoms consistent with a high probability of COVID-19 had appropriately self-isolated during that period. cache = ./cache/cord-296306-xcomjvaa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296306-xcomjvaa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299346-f13xly6q author = Awad, Mohamed E. title = Perioperative Considerations in Urgent Surgical Care of Suspected and Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 Orthopaedic Patients: Operating Room Protocols and Recommendations in the Current Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic date = 2020-04-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4216 sentences = 254 flesch = 42 summary = title: Perioperative Considerations in Urgent Surgical Care of Suspected and Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 Orthopaedic Patients: Operating Room Protocols and Recommendations in the Current Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic To reduce the occupational risk in treating suspected or confirmed COVID-19 urgent orthopaedic patients, recommended precautions and preventive actions (triage area, ED consultation room, induction room, operating room, and recovery room) are reviewed. HCPs in high-risk areas should adhere to infection prevention and control practices, which includes the appropriate use of engineering controls (negative pressure rooms), administrative controls, and personal protective equipment (PPE) ( 6 Per CDC recommendations, a clinically suspected/ confirmed COVID-19 patient should wear a cloth face covering, over nose, and mouth and a surgical mask should be reserved for HCP and first responders. It is recommended for an environmental services worker to increase the Flowchart demonstrating the the recommended use of personal protective equipment for different activities at various settings managing suspected/clinically Coronavirus disease 2019 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-299346-f13xly6q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299346-f13xly6q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-205941-npp6566r author = Armani, Andrea M title = Low-tech solutions for the COVID19 supply chain crisis date = 2020-04-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2408 sentences = 121 flesch = 48 summary = A global effort is ongoing in the scientific community and in the Maker Movement, which focuses on creating devices and tinkering with them, to reverse engineer commercial medical equipment and get it to healthcare workers. [H1] The manufacturing ecosystem Innovative Makers and hobbyists are stepping in to fill the gaps in the PPE supply chain resulting from the COVID-19 public health emergency, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued emergency use authorizations (https://www.fda.gov/medicaldevices/emergency-situations-medical-devices/emergency-use-authorizations#covid19ppe) to waive requirements for labeling and good manufacturing practices. Although the emergency use authorizations issued by the FDA for face shields (https://www.fda.gov/media/136842/download) and for systems developed by industry, such as the Battelle Decontamination System (https://www.fda.gov/media/136529/download), which can disinfect thousands of masks at a time using a vapor-phase hydrogen peroxide, are only effective for the duration of the COVID-19 crisis, this does not diminish the important role of the community as a stopgap in this time of need. cache = ./cache/cord-205941-npp6566r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-205941-npp6566r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295305-dfulr6nu author = McIsaac, Sarah title = Just the Facts: Protected code blue – Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the emergency department during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic date = 2020-04-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1280 sentences = 82 flesch = 50 summary = However, given the potential association of chest compressions with aerosolization, enhanced airborne precautions should be worn by all team members prior to commencing any other resuscitative efforts. 5 ED and EMS providers should have PPE, including airborne precautions (i.e., N95), readily available at all times given the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in the undifferentiated cardiac arrest. An additional member outside of the room in enhanced airborne precautions PPE may allow for a quick relief of chest compression duties. Outside of the room, the PCB team dons enhanced airborne PPE under supervision of a safety officer. • Early defibrillation can be provided by staff wearing only contact/droplet precautions prior to entry of the PCB team. • All PCB team members should be in appropriate enhanced airborne precautions before entering the room and commencing higher risk resuscitation interventions. cache = ./cache/cord-295305-dfulr6nu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295305-dfulr6nu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-017569-fv88n70v author = Hewlett, Angela title = Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Preparedness date = 2017-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11178 sentences = 457 flesch = 40 summary = Although each facility may wish to tailor the composition of the HICS team to their own particular needs, and each situation may require adjustment, key team members would typically include logisticians to plan to replenish PPE supply levels and address waste management issues, a public information officer (PIO), medical technical specialists to include infectious disease physicians and nurse leaders to manage the clinical care of the patient and staffing within the patient care unit, a laboratorian to address testing logistics and specimen transport challenges, a clinical research expert to facilitate the use of experimental therapies when necessary, a nurse concierge or other dedicated individual to support family needs, and a behavioral health expert to address staff well-being as well as the psychological and emotional needs of patients and families. The HLCC facilities in the United States that admitted patients infected with Ebola virus disease (EVD) have well developed teams of nurses who are able to provide skilled and effective patient care within their isolation units. cache = ./cache/cord-017569-fv88n70v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-017569-fv88n70v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271925-85bixn27 author = Rao US, V. title = Droplet nuclei aerosol and Covid 19 - a risk to healthcare staff date = 2020-05-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 640 sentences = 50 flesch = 66 summary = title: Droplet nuclei aerosol and Covid 19 a risk to healthcare staff The authors need to be complimented for a well-timed paper that addresses the current issue of exposure of health care workers to COVID 19. Authors mentioned that Flügge droplets travel up to 4.5 m, representing a risk to healthcare staff that is not directly involved in patient care. Health care workers and employers who are not directly involved in patient care are also at risk of virus transmission due to this and need to take adequate precautions. As rightly mentioned by the authors, the health care staff and the employee must receive adequate training to use personal protective equipment. Adequate training and education about droplet nuclei aerosol is very important for the safety of health care professionals and reducing risk of virus exposure. Personal protective equipment and COVID 19-a risk to healthcare staff? cache = ./cache/cord-271925-85bixn27.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271925-85bixn27.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-002885-dhdyxnr3 author = Den Boon, Saskia title = Incorporating health workers’ perspectives into a WHO guideline on personal protective equipment developed during an Ebola virus disease outbreak date = 2018-03-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8410 sentences = 400 flesch = 54 summary = The objective of this study was to understand frontline physicians' and nurses' perspectives about personal protective equipment (PPE) use during the 2014-2016 EVD outbreak in West Africa and to incorporate these findings into the development process of a WHO rapid advice guideline. The specific objectives were to understand and describe frontline physician and nurses' perspectives about PPE use, while providing direct care for EVD patients in the unprecedented conditions of the 2014-2016 EVD outbreak in West Africa and to incorporate these findings into the rapid advice guideline development process. The findings of the survey were presented at the guideline development meeting and incorporated into evidence-to-decision tables (Supplementary File 2) to inform the formulation of recommendations for PPE components in the context of an EVD outbreak. We developed the study protocol, obtained WHO ethics approval, contacted the participants, delivered the survey, analysed the data, and presented the findings as part of the evidence-to-decision tables at the expert panel meeting where the recommendations were formulated in a period of 8 weeks. cache = ./cache/cord-002885-dhdyxnr3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-002885-dhdyxnr3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302902-34vftqt9 author = Law, Brenda Hiu Yan title = Effect of COVID-19 Precautions on Neonatal Resuscitation Practice: A Balance Between Healthcare Provider Safety, Infection Control, and Effective Neonatal Care date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2901 sentences = 157 flesch = 33 summary = Adaptations have been proposed for resuscitation of infants born to women with COVID-19, to protect health care providers, maintain infection control, and limit post-natal transmission. Changes especially impact respiratory procedures, personal protective equipment (PPE) use, resuscitation environments, teamwork, and family involvement. Adaptations have been proposed for resuscitation of infants born to women with suspected or confirmed COVID-19, to protect health care providers (HCPs), limit post-natal transmission, and maintain infection control (7) . Neonatal resuscitation may be especially impacted by changes in (i) respiratory support, (ii) personal protective equipment (PPE), (iii) resuscitation environment, (iv) team-based activities, and (v) family involvement ( Table 1) . Modifications to ventilation practices during neonatal resuscitation have been proposed to protect HCPs during AGPs, based on limited evidence on vertical transmission and aerosolization of SARS-CoV-2 (7, 9) . General COVID-19 resuscitation guidelines recommend the use of viral filters on mask ventilation devices to decrease risks to HCPs (9) . cache = ./cache/cord-302902-34vftqt9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302902-34vftqt9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-032498-5ugoi1tu author = Smith, Peter M. title = The Association between the Perceived Adequacy of Workplace Infection Control Procedures and Personal Protective Equipment with Mental Health Symptoms: A Cross-sectional Survey of Canadian Health-care Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: L’association entre le caractère adéquat perçu des procédures de contrôle des infections au travail et de l’équipement de protection personnel pour les symptômes de santé mentale. Un sondage transversal des travailleurs de la santé canadiens durant la pandémie COVID-19 date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4713 sentences = 240 flesch = 57 summary = OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationship between perceived adequacy of personal protective equipment (PPE) and workplace-based infection control procedures (ICP) and mental health symptoms among a sample of health-care workers in Canada within the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic. Regression analyses examined the proportion of GAD-2 and PHQ-2 scores of 3 and higher across levels of PPE and ICP, adjusted for a range of demographic, occupation, workplace, and COVID-19-specific measures. 5, 8, 9 The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between perceived adequacy of PPE and workplace-based ICP and anxiety and depression symptoms among a large sample of health-care workers in Canada, within the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic. 5 In this sample of almost 6,000 health-care workers in Canada, we observed a graded relationship between the perceived adequacy of PPE provision and ICP implementation with symptoms of anxiety and depression, with lower symptoms among respondents whose PPE and ICP needs were being met. cache = ./cache/cord-032498-5ugoi1tu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-032498-5ugoi1tu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255264-2kj961en author = Hasan, Syed Shahzad title = Social distancing and the use of PPE by community pharmacy personnel: Does evidence support these measures? date = 2020-05-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2233 sentences = 104 flesch = 45 summary = While the United States adopted a universal mask approach and Turkey recommended the use of masks and protective goggles for their pharmacy personnel, almost all of the countries recommended against routine use of face mask and other PPE (gloves or aprons/gowns), except when dealing with suspected COVID-19 patients or performing activities requiring close contact (unable to maintain recommended social distance) with the patients. Though the observation from such case study cannot be regarded as conclusive, the assumption, for now, should be that airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is possible unless being discredited in the future, and therefore we opine that the wearing of appropriate PPE is of utmost importance for healthcare workers, including community pharmacy personnel dealing with individuals may or may not be infected on a day-to-day basis, regardless if they manage to observe social distancing in their workplace or if they perform close contact activities. cache = ./cache/cord-255264-2kj961en.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255264-2kj961en.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305146-iprzeigk author = Chughtai, Abrar Ahmad title = Use of personal protective equipment to protect against respiratory infections in Pakistan: A systematic review date = 2020-03-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4245 sentences = 242 flesch = 53 summary = We conducted a systematic review of studies on PPE use for respiratory infections in healthcare settings in Pakistan. Face masks (or medical masks) and respirators are the most commonly used PPE to protect from influenza and other respiratory infection in healthcare settings. The aim of this study was to examine the use of PPE for respiratory infections in healthcare settings in Pakistan. Studies where PPE was examined for general infection control were also included, given respiratory protective equipment (face masks and/or respirators) was mentioned. Two studies examined the guidelines and current practices on the use of face masks/respirators for influenza, tuberculosis and SARS in Pakistan [21, 22] . Medical masks were generally used to protect from influenza, tuberculosis and other respiratory infections, while the use of respirators was limited to high-risk situations [21, 22] . cache = ./cache/cord-305146-iprzeigk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305146-iprzeigk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305419-l68ewxar author = Smart, Hiske title = Preventing Facial Pressure Injury for Health Care Providers Adhering to COVID-19 Personal Protective Equipment Requirements date = 2020-06-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5252 sentences = 284 flesch = 59 summary = CONCLUSIONS: This creative and novel stepwise process of developing a safe skin protection method by which staff could apply a repurposed silicone border dressing beneath an N95 mask was largely effective and aided by the creation of the enabler. Accordingly, the Nursing Quality Committee advised the Pressure Injury Prevention Committee to follow this approach in developing and testing a skin care bundle specifically applicable to the work environment of KHUH for those HCPs providing acute COVID-19 care. One staff member with Fitzpatrick type 2 skin was willing to test the mask without facial protection for 2 hours on a different day, before the leak tests were conducted. This article describes a holistic approach to facial skin injury prevention for HCPs to "HELP" staff to embrace a Longer periods of PPE use (with each participant serving as their own control) produced a distinct difference between mask wear with and without protection, including improved facial condition and comfort without compromising mask seal. cache = ./cache/cord-305419-l68ewxar.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305419-l68ewxar.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266173-gmz6oxf6 author = Tino, Rance title = COVID-19 and the role of 3D printing in medicine date = 2020-04-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3018 sentences = 142 flesch = 44 summary = Access to such models is still limited for many local 3D printing community members and will require close collaboration between companies and hospitals to ensure adequate manufacturing approaches and appropriate clinical use. The reverse-engineered 3D printable model of the Isinnova valve is not widely available at the time of writing, with the authors maintaining the position that such resources should be adequately evaluated and used only when such equipment is not available from the original manufacturers. Members of the global 3D printing community have designed a plethora of reusable personal protective equipment devices with insertable filters, primarily manufactured using low-cost desktop filament extrusion printers. To ensure the best fit, personalizing these masks may be achieved by printing in several sizes, experimenting with flexible materials, or surface scanning intended users' faces and carrying out additional CAD to virtually fit these masks on an individual basis [9] . cache = ./cache/cord-266173-gmz6oxf6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266173-gmz6oxf6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-028595-p7cn71t5 author = Croser, David title = A good fit with indemnity date = 2020-07-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1016 sentences = 54 flesch = 58 summary = Although it is recommended that AGPs should currently be avoided where possible, there will be occasions when such treatments are in the patient's best interests and the dental team will need to prevent aerosol transmission, using a disposable, fluidrepellent surgical gown (or waterproof long-sleeved protective apron), gloves, eye protection and suitable respiratory protective equipment (RPE) such as an FFP3 respirator (or FFP2 when these are not available). The SOP guidance advises contractors to inform their employers liability (EL) insurer that all staff undertaking aerosol generating procedures are required to be fit tested for appropriate PPE, to ensure their EL insurance cover is sufficient. In addition, dentists should check with their indemnity provider if they are performing the fit testing for their own staff or that of other local dental contractors, again to ensure they have adequate cover. 2 BDA indemnity cover allows policyholders to fit-test respiratory protective equipment (RPE) for dental staff in their own and other practices. cache = ./cache/cord-028595-p7cn71t5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-028595-p7cn71t5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-007571-xzm36og6 author = Valdez, Anna Maria title = Are You Covered? Safe Practices for the use of Personal Protective Equipment date = 2015-01-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2415 sentences = 125 flesch = 51 summary = To prevent the spread of infection and injury, emergency nurses must be well prepared to appropriately select and use personal protective equipment (PPE). 5 Recently the CDC issued revised standards for EVD precautions, which include detailed guidance on the types of PPE required during patient care and strategies for ensuring safe practice. 6 Because of the complex and detailed nature of the guidance on caring for a patient with known or suspected EVD, emergency nurses should seek information about precautions and PPE standards directly from the CDC Web page at http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/hcp/index.html. Examples of strategies that can be used to prevent injury include strict adherence to infection control precautions, hands-on and in situ training, and staffing that supports safe care. 7 The CDC recommends that health care providers receive repeated training and demonstrate competency in performing all Ebola-related infection control practices and procedures, including donning and doffing proper PPE before engaging in patient care activities. cache = ./cache/cord-007571-xzm36og6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-007571-xzm36og6.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295514-vhymj0rw author = Lim, Peter A title = Impact of a viral respiratory epidemic on the practice of medicine and rehabilitation: Severe acute respiratory syndrome date = 2004-08-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5277 sentences = 244 flesch = 43 summary = Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a new respiratory viral epidemic that originated in China but has affected many parts of the world, with devastating impact on economies and the practice of medicine and rehabilitation. Rehabilitation was significantly affected by SARS, because strict infection control measures run counter to principles such as multidisciplinary interactions, patients encouraging and learning from each other, and close physical contact during therapy. Rehabilitation medicine was increasingly affected by everstricter infection control measures regarding close contacts and interactions between health care workers. Rehabilitation medicine was directly affected when the entire neurology ward, including patients and health care staff, were transferred out to TTSH for isolation and observation because of suspicious clusters of fevers that involved both patients and staff. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Singapore: clinical features of index patient and initial contacts cache = ./cache/cord-295514-vhymj0rw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295514-vhymj0rw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272182-5lunidrs author = Lim, Wan Yen title = Resuscitation during the COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons learnt from high-fidelity simulation date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 634 sentences = 41 flesch = 43 summary = High-fidelity simulation sessions were conducted in our institution to identify latent threats in existing workflows, and to formulate modified life support protocols focusing on: protection of healthcare workers (HCW) and patients, minimizing aerosolization and reducing delays in resuscitation. Suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients are managed in negative pressure, single-bedded rooms in the acute care hospital. Due to geographical reasons, the mean (SD) code blue response time to the acute and community care wards were 3.28 (1.76) and 6.67 (2.06) minutes, respectively. In simulations, we adhered to hospital and COVID-19 guidelines of full PPE (including N95 mask or powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR), gown, gloves, goggles and face shield or visor) 2 . Frequent training and simulation sessions including PPE familiarization minimizes delays in resuscitation, reduces risk of viral transmission, enhances communication, teamwork and coordination, and allows latent threats identification and workflow refinement. cache = ./cache/cord-272182-5lunidrs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272182-5lunidrs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284640-tl9nmvog author = Tabah, Alexis title = Personal protective equipment and intensive care unit healthcare worker safety in the COVID-19 era (PPE-SAFE): An international survey date = 2020-06-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3271 sentences = 176 flesch = 56 summary = PURPOSE: To survey healthcare workers (HCW) on availability and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) caring for COVID-19 patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). While pain, heat stress and fluid loss with using Powered Air-Purifying Respirators (PAPR) were predicted by experimental data (14) , there are no real-life reports of this issue when using PPE that is available to HCWs. The objective of this study was to describe the current reported practices, availability, training, confidence in the use and adverse effects due to extended use of PPE by HCWs from around the world caring for COVID-19 patients who require ICU management. This survey provides a snapshot of the reported availability, perceived adequacy of training and provided protection, adverse effects and usage of PPE among HCW managing COVID-19 patients in critical care environments from across the globe. cache = ./cache/cord-284640-tl9nmvog.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284640-tl9nmvog.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280419-odqo3o4w author = Gibbons, John P. title = Custom solution for PPE in the orthopaedic setting: retrofitting Stryker Flyte T5® PPE system date = 2020-10-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4111 sentences = 167 flesch = 53 summary = In this study the authors made modifications to two different SS systems to incorporate high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters to the inlets to the fan to assess their potential as a method of providing a reusable system for PPE for the surgeon with regard to protection from a respiratory droplet spread virus. The results show that using a layer of HEPA filter cut to size, and sealed to the inlet for the fan in the helmet will reduce the downstream particulate at the user's mouth by over 99.5% which is equivalent to that of a respirator mask. With the modification of the HEPA filter to the inlet of the T5 helmet as described, the downstream penetration was reduced to 0.46% (σ = 0.24%) which is significantly better than all other test configurations and offers a particulate filtration similar to FFP3 and N99 or other equivalent respirator mask. cache = ./cache/cord-280419-odqo3o4w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280419-odqo3o4w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305503-j5e6fp61 author = Choi, Gordon Y.S. title = Preparedness for COVID-19: in situ simulation to enhance infection control systems in the intensive care unit date = 2020-04-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1621 sentences = 72 flesch = 32 summary = 5 Within the ICU, potentially aerosol generating procedures such as manual ventilation and tracheal intubation are known to enhance transmission of respiratory viral disease to HCWs, 6 and therefore introducing robust infection control processes as soon as possible is of paramount importance. To examine system and operational issues related to our infection control guidelines, we designed and implemented a high-fidelity in situ clinical simulation to replicate admission, including tracheal intubation, of a patient with suspected or known COVID-19 infection. The main objective of the simulation was to test the ability of the HCW team to effectively implement use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and the practicality of the intubation protocol and preliminary outbreak infection control guidelines. cache = ./cache/cord-305503-j5e6fp61.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305503-j5e6fp61.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284374-sqxlnk9e author = Park, Jiyeon title = Infection Prevention Measures for Surgical Procedures during a Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Outbreak in a Tertiary Care Hospital in South Korea date = 2020-01-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4252 sentences = 208 flesch = 44 summary = title: Infection Prevention Measures for Surgical Procedures during a Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Outbreak in a Tertiary Care Hospital in South Korea Our experience with setting up a temporary negative-pressure operation room and our conservative approach for managing MERS-related patients can be referred in cases of future unexpected MERS outbreaks in non-endemic countries. Anesthesiologists were recommended to apply enhanced PPE (including PAPR from the middle of the outbreak) when managing all MERS-related patients because they were most directly exposed to the aerosol-producing high-risk procedures, such as endotracheal intubation and extubation. Almost all hospitals generally have positive-pressure operating rooms and they may experience an outbreak without facilities that are prepared for perioperative management of MERS patients, as our hospital did in 2015. First, although the previous guidelines recommended that asymptomatic MERS-exposed patients be managed as general patients undergoing surgery, we applied standard PPE to HCWs and we performed MERS-CoV PCR screening twice. cache = ./cache/cord-284374-sqxlnk9e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284374-sqxlnk9e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273303-g86w0xt5 author = Latz, Christopher A. title = Early Vascular Surgery Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of a Nationwide Survey date = 2020-05-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1885 sentences = 97 flesch = 56 summary = This survey study sought to identify practice changes, understand current personal protection equipment (PPE) use, and determine how caring for patients with COVID-19 differs for vascular surgeons practicing in states with high COVID-19 case numbers versus low case numbers. The majority of vascular surgeons are reusing PPE The majority of 5 respondents worked in an academic setting (81.5%) and were performing only urgent and 6 emergent cases (80.5%) during preparation for the surge. The majority of vascular surgeons are reusing PPE The majority of 5 respondents worked in an academic setting (81.5%) and were performing only urgent and 6 emergent cases (80.5%) during preparation for the surge. The majority of vascular surgeon respondents were also being asked to 22 reuse PPE, a common practice throughout the United States during the pandemic. In our initial response (early March 2020), vascular trainees were not involved in 7 COVID-19 cases and attendings saw these patients alone (both to protect our trainees and to 8 limit use of PPE). cache = ./cache/cord-273303-g86w0xt5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273303-g86w0xt5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-131678-rvg1ayp2 author = Ponce, Marcelo title = covid19.analytics: An R Package to Obtain, Analyze and Visualize Data from the Corona Virus Disease Pandemic date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 15208 sentences = 1362 flesch = 67 summary = This paper is organized as follow: in Sec. 2 we describe the covid19.analytics , in Sec. 3 we present some examples of data analysis and visualization, in Sec. 4 we describe in detail how to deploy a web dashboard employing the capabilities of the covid19.analytics package providing full details on the implementation so that this procedure can be repeated and followed by interested users in developing their own dashboards. As the amount of data available for the recorded cases of CoViD19 can be overwhelming, and in order to get a quick insight on the main statistical indicators, the covid19.analytics package includes the report.summary function, which will generate an overall report summarizing the main statistical estimators for the different datasets. The covid19.analytics package provides three different functions to visualize the trends in daily changes of reported cases from time series data. cache = ./cache/cord-131678-rvg1ayp2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-131678-rvg1ayp2.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270348-5804ffwx author = Angelino, Andrew F. title = Design and implementation of a regional inpatient psychiatry unit for asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 positive patients. date = 2020-07-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5818 sentences = 334 flesch = 59 summary = To prevent COVID-19 outbreaks in our units, we next decided to require universal nasal swab testing for SARS-CoV-2 for all medically asymptomatic patients being admitted to psychiatric units 3 . Second, we realized that we needed to decide where to care for SARS-CoV-2 positive, medically asymptomatic patients with mental illnesses who required hospitalization-those without symptoms of COVID-19. In light of the above, we concluded it would best serve our patients if we developed an inpatient psychiatric unit capable of accepting SARS-CoV-2 infected patients without COVID-19 symptoms, or with mild enough symptoms that they would not require medical hospitalization. Further, it is highly beneficial for continuity of care if the patient requires transfer to a medical COVID-19 unit that the psychiatrist be able to follow them there and maintain the psychiatric treatments as indicated. cache = ./cache/cord-270348-5804ffwx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270348-5804ffwx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299592-ymurfkbs author = Bhattacharya, Sudip title = Addressing the shortage of personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic in India-A public health perspective date = 2020-04-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1288 sentences = 67 flesch = 50 summary = title: Addressing the shortage of personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic in India-A public health perspective Nonetheless, it is only possible to address COVID-19 if we can flatten the epidemic curve by classical intervention measures like lockdown and social distancing processes, which may give lead time to many health care systems to arrange further management of the outbreak. When health care systems become stressed and enter the contingency mode, CDC recommends conserving resources by selectively cancelling nonemergency procedures, cancelling outpatient encounters which might require face masks/PPEs. When face masks are unavailable, the CDC recommends use of face shields without masks, taking clinicians at high risk for COVID-19 complications out of clinical service, staffing services with convalescent HCWs presumably immune to SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), and use of homemade/handmade masks, perhaps from bandanas or scarves if necessary [2] . cache = ./cache/cord-299592-ymurfkbs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299592-ymurfkbs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287653-69nfi379 author = Lacy, J. Matthew title = COVID-19: POSTMORTEM DIAGNOSTIC AND BIOSAFETY CONSIDERATIONS date = 2020-04-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5202 sentences = 304 flesch = 45 summary =  Prosect cases in negative pressure isolation suite with at least 6-12 air changes per hour  Doff contact and droplet precaution PPE, as well as N95 respirator or PAPR  Limit personnel in the isolation suite to the minimum necessary to perform the examination  Employ splash and aerosol reduction techniques during prosection; oscillating saws are discouraged but if used should have vacuum shroud attachment  Use caution when handling sharps; allow only one person to prosect at a given time  Ensure a technician is outside isolation room to monitor procedure and provide support as needed  Procure synthetic nasopharyngeal (+/-lung) respiratory swabs in sterile tubes of 2-3 ml of viral transport media for SARS-CoV-2 testing as needed  Carefully decontaminate morgue surfaces and outer body bag following autopsy  Ensure body is fully enclosed in a secure bag, tag as infectious and ensure funeral home is informed  Consider modifying release procedures to prevent bag being opened in morgue for identification  Perform hand hygiene after doffing PPE A C C E P T E D cache = ./cache/cord-287653-69nfi379.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287653-69nfi379.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276758-k2imddzr author = Siegel, Jane D. title = 2007 Guideline for Isolation Precautions: Preventing Transmission of Infectious Agents in Health Care Settings date = 2007-12-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 46228 sentences = 2479 flesch = 35 summary = Activities currently assigned to ICPs in response to emerging challenges include (1) surveillance and infection prevention at facilities other than acute care hospitals (eg, ambulatory clinics, day surgery centers, LTCFs, rehabilitation centers, home care); (2) oversight of employee health services related to infection prevention (eg, assessment of risk and administration of recommended treatment after exposure to infectious agents, tuberculosis screening, influenza vaccination, respiratory protection fit testing, and administration of other vaccines as indicated, such as smallpox vaccine in 2003); (3) preparedness planning for annual influenza outbreaks, pandemic influenza, SARS, and bioweapons attacks; (4) adherence monitoring for selected infection control practices; (5) oversight of risk assessment and implementation of prevention measures associated with construction and renovation; (6) prevention of transmission of MDROs; (7) evaluation of new medical products that could be associated with increased infection risk (eg, intravenous infusion materials); (8) communication with the public, facility staff, and state and local health departments concerning infection control-related issues; and (9) participation in local and multicenter research projects. cache = ./cache/cord-276758-k2imddzr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276758-k2imddzr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276265-gjqqfudb author = Chiang, James title = Elastomeric respirators are safer and more sustainable alternatives to disposable N95 masks during the coronavirus outbreak date = 2020-07-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2598 sentences = 127 flesch = 44 summary = Since the coronavirus (2019-nCoV) or coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) has become a significant issue in numerous countries worldwide [1] , with an estimate of 89 million masks required monthly due to increased demand within and outside healthcare settings [2] . Some of these recommendations include using N95 masks for extended durations, using one mask for several different patients, reserving disposable N95 masks for aerosol generating procedures, and using reusable elastomeric respirators with appropriate filters [3] . Given the persistent shortage of disposable N95 masks, the authors review the safety and practicality of elastomeric respirators as an alternative for protection against the coronavirus COVID-19. Currently, the CDC recommends that health care providers that will be within 3 ft of a suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patient without a mask, or if providers are in the room for an aerosolizing procedure, the provider may voluntarily utilize higher level of protection than N95 masks, such as elastomeric respirators or PAPR. cache = ./cache/cord-276265-gjqqfudb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276265-gjqqfudb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272726-ljjirt4g author = Brethauer, Stacy A. title = Redesigning a Department of Surgery during the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-04-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3555 sentences = 174 flesch = 48 summary = The department of surgery played a leading role in establishing clinical protocols, guidelines, and policies in preparation for a surge of COVID-19 patients. Within the department of surgery, these challenges required leadership to form new workgroups and reporting structures, establish clear communication strategies, redefine clinical activities for the faculty, and modify the workloads of trainees. For services still performing some essential operations (e.g., advanced cancer, emergent cardiac, trauma, or acute care surgery), every effort was made to minimize the number of faculty coming to work with coverage provided by those who were coming in for operative cases or on call. This "second surge" of elective cases will present its own set of logistic challenges and requires early planning to facilitate care of surgical patients once the COVID-19 surge has passed. cache = ./cache/cord-272726-ljjirt4g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272726-ljjirt4g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294557-4h0sybiy author = Stogiannos, N. title = Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the radiology department: What radiographers need to know date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6725 sentences = 377 flesch = 50 summary = Objectives include to: i) outline pathophysiology and basic epidemiology useful for radiographers, ii) discuss the role of medical imaging in the diagnosis of Covid-19, iii) summarise national and international guidelines of imaging Covid-19, iv) present main clinical and imaging findings and v) summarise current safety recommendations for medical imaging practice. CXR imaging of suspected or confirmed Covid-19 cases should be performed with portable equipment within specifically designated isolated rooms for eliminating the risks of cross-infection within the Radiology department. After the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic, many professional bodies and learned societies have been quick to issue official guidelines on how medical imaging should optimally be performed for early diagnosis and related management of these patients, but also how staff should be protected from cross-infection. Chest radiographic and CT findings of the 2019 novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): analysis of nine patients treated in Korea Imaging and clinical features of patients with 2019 novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis cache = ./cache/cord-294557-4h0sybiy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294557-4h0sybiy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269826-l44xbgok author = Wills, Timothy T. title = Utilization of an Orthopedic Hood as Personal Protective Equipment for Intubation of Coronavirus Patients: a Brief Technical Report date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1300 sentences = 83 flesch = 47 summary = title: Utilization of an Orthopedic Hood as Personal Protective Equipment for Intubation of Coronavirus Patients: a Brief Technical Report Personal protective equipment (PPE) has been tailored accordingly, but as of April 2020, close to 10 000 health care workers in the United States have contracted COVID-19 despite wearing recommended PPE. In this brief technical report, we describe the integration of an orthopedic hood cover as an item for full barrier protection against COVID-19 transmission. CONCLUSION: Modification of existing PPE may provide protection for health care workers during high-risk aerosolizing procedures such as endotracheal intubation. We describe in a brief technical report the integration of an orthopedic hood cover as an item for full barrier protection against COVID-19 transmission during endotracheal intubation. The addition of an orthopedic hood covering to standard PPE may provide protection for health care workers during highrisk aerosolizing procedures such as endotracheal intubation. cache = ./cache/cord-269826-l44xbgok.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269826-l44xbgok.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302463-uw7xantz author = AĞALAR, Canan title = Protective measures for COVID-19 for healthcare providers and laboratory personnel date = 2020-04-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3814 sentences = 197 flesch = 54 summary = During the care of these patients, HCP should wear their personal protective equipment (PPE) in accordance with the procedure and should not neglect hand hygiene. The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) carries a high risk for society and healthcare providers (HCP) because it can be transmitted even when the disease progresses asymptomatically in some patients [1] . European Centre of Diseases and Prevention Control (ECDC) states that if there is a shortage of FFP2/FFP3, if the HCP will be in contact with a diagnosed or suspected COVID-19 case, if there is no risk of aerosol transmission, surgical masks (alongside eye protection, gown, and gloves) can be used. However, ECDC states that if the HCP will be performing procedures like sample collecting that will generate aerosol, they should use FFP2/FFP3 masks that provide high-level protection [7] . Interim Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Patients with Suspected or Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Healthcare Settings cache = ./cache/cord-302463-uw7xantz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302463-uw7xantz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294591-793ywpcd author = Hu, Xiaoyun title = Self-Reported Use of Personal Protective Equipment among Chinese Critical Care Clinicians during 2009 H1N1 Influenza Pandemic date = 2012-09-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3618 sentences = 169 flesch = 40 summary = This study examined the knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported behaviors, and barriers to compliance with the use of PPE among ICU healthcare workers (HCWs) during the pandemic influenza. As the second part of the above survey, we wish to evaluate the self-reported compliance to the use of PPE during the current influenza pandemic among critical care clinicians in Chinese ICUs, as well as independent predictors of the compliance. In this survey of Chinese critical care clinicians, only 55% of respondents reported high compliance (.80%) to recommended PPE use, consistent with other relevant studies [16, 19] . Despite the lack of data validating such concept with regards to 2009 H1N1 influenza in ICU, studies did suggest that implementation of protocoled care and/or educational program, by addressing knowledge, attitude, and behavioral barriers, might significantly reduce catheter-related bloodstream infection [31] , and improve mortality in patients with severe sepsis [32] . Only 55% of Chinese critical care clinicians reported high compliance to PPE use during pandemic influenza, putting HCWs and their patients at risk. cache = ./cache/cord-294591-793ywpcd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294591-793ywpcd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285804-lyj9tua8 author = Chen, Yu-Ju title = Stockpile Model of Personal Protective Equipment in Taiwan date = 2017-04-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2967 sentences = 144 flesch = 43 summary = In addition, a joint electronic procurement platform has been established for merchandising the replaced PPE to local health authorities and medical and other institutions for their routine or epidemic use. Based on the act, the central government, local health authorities, and medical institutions are required to maintain a minimum stockpile of PPE (including surgical masks, N95 respirators, and coveralls) to ensure a sufficient supply for epidemic prevention and frontline healthcare personnel during the early phase of an epidemic. After the SARS epidemic, the Taiwan CDC proposed ''A Strategy Plan for PPE Minimum Stockpile'' and established the 3-tier stockpiling framework-a central health authority (managed by the Taiwan CDC), local health authorities, and medical institutions-to effectively respond to emergent demands and spread the risk of stockpiling. In addition, to ensure the surge capacity during epidemic periods, the contractors must guarantee to provide 5 million surgical masks, 100,000 N95 respirators, and 15,000 coveralls within 14 days in response to an emergency request from the Taiwan CDC. cache = ./cache/cord-285804-lyj9tua8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285804-lyj9tua8.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270781-f9nra823 author = Gulia, Ashish title = Sarcoma Care Practice in India During COVID Pandemic: A Nationwide Survey date = 2020-07-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3355 sentences = 195 flesch = 52 summary = We conducted a survey amongst oncologists across India who are involved in the management of bone and soft tissue sarcomas, to analyse the patterns of screening, prioritising, and managing these patients within the constraints of resources and policies available with them. The purpose of this survey was to determine the consistency, or the lack of it, in the patterns of care offered to sarcoma patients between centres and the policies followed. This survey covered three main domains (a) participants speciality and working environment (b) Institutes' policies related general COVID-19 prevention and management (c) practices related to musculoskeletal tumor management in COVID-19 pandemic. Surgical management of sarcomas was as per usual only in 15.5% of respondents, with the rest adapting, including 42% who were avoiding procedures requiring long duration and blood loss, 27% were operating only emergency cases, while in 15.5% surgery was done only in high grade sarcomas with curative intent (Fig. 5) . cache = ./cache/cord-270781-f9nra823.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270781-f9nra823.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290456-cgrn5c36 author = Soliman, Mohamed A. R. title = Endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: A developing country perspective date = 2020-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4102 sentences = 241 flesch = 51 summary = [16] e aim of this study is to present the current situation from a developing country perspective in dealing with emergency endoscopic endonasal skull base surgeries at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of preoperative patients' screening, surgical techniques, and intraoperative PPE utilization. e survey consisted of 12 questions designed to explore three domains; patients' information (age, clinical manifestations [neurological and COVID-19 related], diagnosis, preoperative COVID-19 screening, and COVID-19 symptoms during the first 3 weeks postsurgery), surgical team information (age, chronic medical conditions, and COVID-19 symptoms during the first 3 weeks postsurgery), and operative information (PPE utilization and basal craniectomy). ere was only one surgeon who developed a high-grade fever, malaise, and bony aches in the first 3 days after surgery who had undergone two nasopharyngeal swabs with RT-PCR testing 1 week apart and both came back negative representing 2.1% of the surgical team members [ Figure 2c ]. cache = ./cache/cord-290456-cgrn5c36.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290456-cgrn5c36.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273748-xy4f5kon author = Armijo, Priscila R. title = 3D Printing of Face Shields to Meet the Immediate Need for PPE in an Anesthesiology Department during the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4386 sentences = 218 flesch = 53 summary = To overcome this challenge, stringent policies and appropriate use of PPE, such as face shields, safety glasses, and N95 masks, are indicated for providers performing aerosol-generating procedures [7] . In response to the COVID-19 Pandemic, The University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Department of Anesthesiology, mandated that anesthesia providers use face shields during patient care to extend the life of N95 masks and adequately protect providers from infection with SARS-CoV-2. Given this information, we developed a decontamination protocol that utilized a dilute bleach solution that would allow penetration into any of the pores that are generated in the 3D printing process and permit the reuse of the face shields. After careful consideration, we chose to use a Prusa i3 MK3S model printer for our 3D face shield printing needs. As a positive control, organism suspensions were inoculated to each face shield part, allowed to dry, and swabbed without decontamination. cache = ./cache/cord-273748-xy4f5kon.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273748-xy4f5kon.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301582-922zyhti author = Bury, Gerard title = COVID-19 community assessment hubs in Ireland—the experience of clinicians date = 2020-09-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3029 sentences = 152 flesch = 53 summary = A half-day training course-'Clinical PPE training'-was developed by the departments, with significant input from the National Ambulance Service (NAS) staff with experience and expertise in the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) from the already established COVID-19 testing sites. The timing of hub availability-and therefore, potential exposure of clinicians to risk-is also considered by comparing Department of Health national data on daily case occurrence with 'real-time' COVID-19-related emergency calls to Dublin Fire Brigade Ambulance Service. More than 500 GPs and GP registrars came forward to complete relevant clinical training in order to work in hubs, during April 2020-this represents around 15% of the general practice population. No data exists on the total number of clinicians who worked in hubs but the 170 GPs and GP registrars who responded to this study are likely to be a significant proportion of the doctors who carried out shifts and may therefore provide useful insights into this novel clinical setting. cache = ./cache/cord-301582-922zyhti.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301582-922zyhti.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307697-ds4uw7y1 author = Ahmed, Jawad title = Availability of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Among US and Pakistani Doctors in COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4562 sentences = 216 flesch = 57 summary = Whereas, doctors in Pakistan reported to have poor availability of PPE with only 37.4% having access to masks/N95 respirator, 34.5% to gloves, 13.8% to face-shields or goggles, and 12.9% to full-suit/gown. Whereas, doctors in Pakistan reported to have poor availability of PPE with only 37.4% having access to masks/N95 respirator, 34.5% to gloves, 13.8% to face-shields or goggles, and 12.9% to full-suit/gown. In contrast, doctors in Pakistan reported to have poor availability of PPE with only 37.4% (n = 130) having access to masks/N95 respirator, 34.5% (n = 120) to gloves, 13.8% (n = 48) to face-shields or goggles, and 12.9% (n = 44) to full-suit/gown. In our study, 73% of doctors from Pakistan and 58.4% from the US reported that HCWs in their hospitals had been infected with COVID-19. To conclude, there is a shortage of PPE in hospitals of the US and Pakistan due to COVID-19 and doctors are feeling scared working without adequate protection in the pandemic situation. cache = ./cache/cord-307697-ds4uw7y1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307697-ds4uw7y1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306770-hjzlj8k3 author = Mick, Paul title = Aerosol-generating otolaryngology procedures and the need for enhanced PPE during the COVID-19 pandemic: a literature review date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6318 sentences = 332 flesch = 43 summary = During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, personal protective equipment (PPE) worn by health care workers is critical for reducing transmission of the infection in health care settings, particularly when aerosol-generating medical procedures (AGMP) are being performed. For example, Givi et al and the Canadian Society of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery [2] call for airborne precautions when performing AGMP on patients for whom the index of suspicion for COVID-19 infection is not high, whereas the World Health Organization, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control, and the Public Health Agency of Canada do not [3, 14, 15] . Measuring the level of aerosolized viral particles in rooms where AGMPs are being performed on patients with COVID-19 would provide indirect evidence of the degree to which these procedures put health care workers at risk of aerosolized transmission, and whether exposure concentration affects risk of infection and/or severity of disease. cache = ./cache/cord-306770-hjzlj8k3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306770-hjzlj8k3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308409-0n2ysgsa author = Pawlak, Katarzyna M. title = Impact of COVID-19 on endoscopy trainees: an international survey date = 2020-06-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3536 sentences = 180 flesch = 37 summary = Therefore, in this international survey, we aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on endoscopy trainees, including procedure numbers, barriers to training, and the physical and emotional well-being of trainees. 2) Changes to institutional case volume 3) Trainee concerns regarding competency development and prolongation of training; 4) Anxiety, assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale, 12 and rates of burnout, measured using the single item burnout scale. Of the 770 (93.8%) trainees who reported a reduction in endoscopy procedural volumes during the COVID-19 study period, the reasons cited included: changes to institutional policy to exclude trainees from procedures (79.9%); lack of cases (58.3%); shortage of available PPE (28.8%); redeployment to another clinical area (24.0%); and personal reasons (10.2%). Our study showed that the COVID-19 pandemic has led to drastic reductions in endoscopic volumes and restrictions on endoscopy training, with detrimental effects on trainee well-being, including high rates of anxiety and burnout among trainees worldwide. cache = ./cache/cord-308409-0n2ysgsa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308409-0n2ysgsa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309324-vatugz84 author = Sorbello, Massimiliano title = Personal protective equipment, airway management and systematic reviews. Comment on Br J Anaesth 2020 date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 978 sentences = 61 flesch = 40 summary = However significant limitations in their data hamper our ability to interpret the evidence base, but their data do highlight that the real concern is not measuring how limited airway management is by PPE, but rather the need for better understanding of PPE diversity, correct use of PPE and development and training in new techniques, protocols and devices to overcome such difficulties. Systematic review of simulated airway management whilst wearing personal protective equipment A randomised crossover simulation study comparing the impact of chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear substance personal protection equipment on the performance of advanced life support interventions The impact of respiratory protective equipment on difficult airway management: a randomised, crossover, simulation study The aerosol box for intubation in coronavirus disease 2019 patients: an in-situ simulation crossover study Utility of the Pentax-AWS in performing tracheal intubation while wearing chemical, biological, radiation and nuclear personal protective equipment: a randomised crossover trial using a manikin cache = ./cache/cord-309324-vatugz84.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309324-vatugz84.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309956-topo2bc6 author = Zheng, Kenneth I. title = COVID-19 Cross-Infection and Pressured Ulceration Among Healthcare Workers: Are We Really Protected by Respirators? date = 2020-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1197 sentences = 68 flesch = 46 summary = The Occupational Safety and Health Administration respiratory protection regulations at 29 CFR 1910.134 mandated that HCWs be fit-tested and seal checked prior to the initial use of a respirator and whenever a different respirator face piece (size, style, model, or make) is used (4). While it is obvious that the use of respirators can cause discomfort and harm to HCWs, there is a need to evaluate adherence of protocol and to assess the risk of infection from skin lesions due to PPE. Nevertheless, it is recognized that HCWs in the current COVID-19 pandemic, through prolonged wearing of respirators, might be exposed to a higher risk of cross-infection and skin damage. It is necessary to improve the design of currently certified respirators in order to achieve better sealing capabilities and reduce pressure ulcerations. cache = ./cache/cord-309956-topo2bc6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309956-topo2bc6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310104-1c7q9m06 author = Sasangohar, Farzan title = Provider Burnout and Fatigue During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons Learned From a High-Volume Intensive Care Unit date = 2020-04-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3250 sentences = 177 flesch = 44 summary = T he novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID19) pandemic has resulted in an overall surge in new cases of depression and anxiety and an exacerbation of existing mental health issues, with a particular emotional and physical toll on health care workers. In this article, we share the lessons learned collectively by an interdisciplinary team of ICU leadership and collaborating scientists at the Center for Outcomes Research at HMH about the experience of occupational fatigue and burnout of intensive care personnel as a result of responding to the COVID-19 pandemic. Several factors may have exacerbated occupational fatigue and burnout in ICUs. Given our overarching roles across various facets of the health care system and our first-hand experiences with the response, the "lessons learned" documented here provide a holistic overview of major system-level problems exposed by the pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-310104-1c7q9m06.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310104-1c7q9m06.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308100-tvk47fd7 author = Soetikno, Roy title = Considerations in performing endoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-03-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2705 sentences = 224 flesch = 54 summary = Based on experiences and the literature, our objective is to provide practical suggestions for performing endoscopy in the setting of COVID-19 pandemic. 6 It is unknown how much of the risk was related to the direct care of infected patients or to the inadequate use of personal protective equipment (PPE). 9 With numbers of COVID-19 cases continuing to rise in North America and Europe, we aim to provide practical suggestions to potentially avoid the transmissions of COVID-19 in the endoscopy unit. Possible routes of SARS-CoV-2 transmission include (1) person-to-person, (2) respiratory droplets, (3) aerosols generated during endoscopy, and (4) contact with contaminated surroundings and body fluids. 13 Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) has published an extensive guideline on the rational use of personal protective equipment (PPE) for COVID-19 and provided specific instructions for healthcare workers performing AGP on patients with COVID-19. 17 Note that as an AGP, endoscopy of PUI/COVID patients requires the use of respiratory protection. cache = ./cache/cord-308100-tvk47fd7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308100-tvk47fd7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313528-rp15vi1o author = Wallace, Douglas W. title = An adapted emergency department triage algorithm for the COVID‐19 pandemic date = 2020-08-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2111 sentences = 128 flesch = 46 summary = The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, with its public health implications, high case fatality rate, and strain on hospital resources, will continue to challenge clinicians and researchers alike for months to come. The authors describe an adapted COVID‐19 pandemic triage algorithm for emergency departments (EDs) guided by the best available evidence and responses to prior pandemics, with recommendations for clinician PPE use for each level of encounter in the setting of an ongoing PPE shortage. 3 Hospitals across the United States have adapted to the COVID-19 pandemic by limiting nonessential patient interaction and transforming their emergency departments (EDs) to treat patients who are both critically ill and highly contagious. It is the authors' hope that use of this triage algorithm and PPE recommendations will aid frontline emergency clinicians in the ongoing response to COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-313528-rp15vi1o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313528-rp15vi1o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309751-7elnvjk3 author = Abdelnasser, Mohammad Kamal title = COVID-19. An update for orthopedic surgeons date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5222 sentences = 342 flesch = 47 summary = The resultant information was organized under 5 main headings; the impact of pandemic on the orthopedic practice, COVID-19 and the trauma patient, elective and emergency surgeries during the pandemic, peri-operative management of the patient with COVID-19, Miscellaneous effects of the pandemic such as those on training programs and the evolution of telemedicine. Relevant information was digested and organized under 5 main headings; the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the orthopedic practice, COVID-19 and the trauma patient, elective and emergency surgeries during the pandemic, perioperative management of the patient with COVID-19, Miscellaneous effects of the pandemic such as those on training programs and the evolution of telemedicine. Guidelines for ambulatory surgery centers for the care of surgically necessary/time-sensitive orthopaedic cases during the COVID-19 pandemic Perioperative considerations in urgent surgical care of suspected and confirmed COVID-19 orthopedic patients: Operating rooms protocols and recommendations in the current COVID-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-309751-7elnvjk3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309751-7elnvjk3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310944-tfn0ltrz author = Peck, Jessica L. title = COVID 19: Impacts and Implications for Pediatric Practice date = 2020-07-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5786 sentences = 307 flesch = 46 summary = Other populations at significant risk include older adults (> 65 years of age), persons with underlying medical conditions (e.g., asthma, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease), persons with immunocompromise, persons with severe obesity (body mass index >40), persons with diabetes, persons undergoing dialysis, and persons residing in long-term care or nursing homes (CDC, 2020c) . Ideal PPE when caring for a patient with known or suspected COVID-19 infection includes: a new N-95 mask, gown, medical grade gloves, and eye covers and/or a face shield (CDC, 2020b). Recommendations for families include: 1) supporting children as they ask questions about the pandemic, 2) close monitoring of child health and well-being with prompt contact of primary healthcare providers if changes are noticed, and 3) continuing to seek care in-person or using telehealth to maintain well visits and immunization schedules while receiving anticipatory guidance and necessary screenings. cache = ./cache/cord-310944-tfn0ltrz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310944-tfn0ltrz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314517-n1yj2zdy author = Huang, Dayong title = Social media survey and web posting assessment of the COVID-19 response in China: Health worker attitudes towards preparedness and personal protective equipment shortages date = 2020-08-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2945 sentences = 216 flesch = 57 summary = title: Social media survey and web posting assessment of the COVID-19 response in China: Health worker attitudes towards preparedness and personal protective equipment shortages BACKGROUND: Understanding health worker awareness, attitudes, and self-confidence in the workplace can inform local and global responses towards emerging infectious threats, like COVID-19 pandemic response. Health workers satisfied with current preparedness to address COVID-19 were more likely to be female, to obtain knowledge about the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak from government organizations, and to consider their hospital prepared for the outbreak management. They cannot function effectively if they lack personal protective equipment (PPE), essential to ensure continuity of healthcare services during a public health emergency and to avoiding nosocomial acquisitions 5 A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 6 As of April 4, 2020, 60 Chinese health workers have died, of whom 22 (36.7%) were confirmed dead of COVID-19, according to reports by China Central Television. cache = ./cache/cord-314517-n1yj2zdy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314517-n1yj2zdy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316126-j51dik7f author = Zhang, X. Sophie title = SARS-CoV-2 and Health Care Worker Protection in Low-Risk Settings: a Review of Modes of Transmission and a Novel Airborne Model Involving Inhalable Particles date = 2020-10-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 12434 sentences = 576 flesch = 42 summary = title: SARS-CoV-2 and Health Care Worker Protection in Low-Risk Settings: a Review of Modes of Transmission and a Novel Airborne Model Involving Inhalable Particles Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been intense debate over SARS-CoV-2's mode of transmission and appropriate personal protective equipment for health care workers in low-risk settings. This review attempts to summarize current cumulative data on SARS-CoV-2's modes of transmission and identify gaps in research while offering preliminary answers to the question on everyone's mind: is the airborne route significant and should we modify our COVID-19 PPE recommendations for frontline workers in low-risk settings? Given that substantial disagreement persists on the importance of natural aerosol generation by COVID-19 patients, and consequently, the necessary level of respiratory protection in non-AGP contexts, our review will focus on transmission and PPE in low-risk health care settings. cache = ./cache/cord-316126-j51dik7f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316126-j51dik7f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316682-4360s2yu author = Fischer, William A. title = Personal Protective Equipment: Protecting Health Care Providers in an Ebola Outbreak date = 2015-11-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5052 sentences = 241 flesch = 47 summary = Given that the Ebola virus is primarily transmitted through direct contact of mucous membranes and cuts in the skin with infected patients and/or their bodily fluids, it is necessary to cover these potential portals of infection with PPE as part of a structured and instructed donning and doffing procedure. Personal protective equipment (PPE) plays a critical role in mitigating the risk of health care personnel (HCP) exposure to contaminated body fluids in the care of patients with communicable infectious diseases, including EVD. 5 In the PAPR PPE set HCP wore a Tyvek (DuPont, Wilmington, Delaware) suit, shoe covers, a surgical gown, and a large hood, whereas the enhanced respiratory and contact precautions system included only a surgical gown, indicating that a second covering significantly reduced exposure to contaminated body fluids and provided evidence for the use of aprons on top of gowns or coveralls in the care of Ebola-infected patients. cache = ./cache/cord-316682-4360s2yu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316682-4360s2yu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309521-2cb992u1 author = Iqbal, Muhammad Rafaih title = “COVID-19: Results of a national survey of United Kingdom healthcare professionals’ perceptions of current management strategy – a cross-sectional questionnaire study” date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3039 sentences = 178 flesch = 58 summary = title: "COVID-19: Results of a national survey of United Kingdom healthcare professionals' perceptions of current management strategy – a cross-sectional questionnaire study" METHOD: A questionnaire survey, drafted using Google Forms, was distributed among Healthcare professionals working in the National Health Service (NHS) across the United Kingdom. Respondents were asked five questions regarding their trust preparation for the pandemic: whether they felt supported at their trust, availability of adequate facilities (specialist beds, specified isolated areas) to treat COVID-19 patients, availability of enough PPE, whether there was enough local guidance regarding the pandemic and if sufficient local training was provided. For "daily source of information regarding the COVID-19 pandemic", nearly half of the respondents (n=558, 55.41%) used multiple sources (daily hospital emails, news, social media, Gov.uk, friends and family and other health professionals) while a quarter (n=249, 24.73%) relied on daily hospital emails (Table 3) . cache = ./cache/cord-309521-2cb992u1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309521-2cb992u1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317574-wyzscmtr author = Singh, Narendra title = Environmentally Sustainable Management of Used Personal Protective Equipment date = 2020-06-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1419 sentences = 80 flesch = 40 summary = The lack of a coordinated international strategy to manage the PPE production and waste lifecycle threatens to impact progress toward achieving key components of the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including SDG 3 good health and wellbeing, SDG 6 clean water and sanitation, SDG 8 decent work and economic growth, SDG 12 responsible consumption and production and SDG 13 climate action. Therefore, the local waste management agency deployed mobile incinerators in the city to dispose of the unprecedented quantities of discarded face masks, gloves, and other contaminated single-use protective gear. 7 The United Nation's Basel Convention on the Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal has recently urged member countries to treat waste management amid COVID-19 as an urgent and essential public service to minimize possible secondary impacts upon health and the environment. In summary, the COVID-19 pandemic has strained solid waste management globally, while also highlighting the bottleneck supply chain challenges regarding PPE manufacture, demand-supply, use, and disposal. cache = ./cache/cord-317574-wyzscmtr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317574-wyzscmtr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310285-ua894psi author = Khatri, Anadi title = COVID-19 and ophthalmology: An underappreciated occupational hazard date = 2020-07-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 633 sentences = 44 flesch = 54 summary = Letter to the Editor-We read the article "COVID-19 and ophthalmology: an underappreciated occupational hazard" by Kuo and O'Brien 1 with great interest. Personal protective equipment (PPE) has become the gold standard during the COVID-19 pandemic for prevention of infection. In the long term, these difficulties may hamper the performance of healthcare workers like ophthalmologists, whose work demands high precision. Although it has become a norm, the evidence is already clear that many ophthalmologists and eye care professionals are having difficulties related to PPE use. 6 Although this may be an advantage because much of the "design for the greatest ease of use" would have already been already improvised, many such DIY efforts remain unproven in terms of the actual protection they provide. COVID-19 and ophthalmology: an underappreciated occupational hazard Safety testing improvised COVID-19 personal protective equipment based on a modified full-face snorkel mask cache = ./cache/cord-310285-ua894psi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310285-ua894psi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316918-mz5r7yiy author = Rubin, Geoffrey A. title = Performance of electrophysiology procedures at an academic medical center amidst the 2020 coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic date = 2020-04-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2803 sentences = 116 flesch = 38 summary = In this proposal, we detail the specific protocol changes that our EP department has adopted during the COVID‐19 pandemic, including performance of only urgent/emergent procedures, after hours/7‐day per week laboratory operation, single attending‐only cases to preserve PPE, appropriate use of PPE, telemedicine and video chat follow‐up appointments, and daily conferences to collectively manage the clinical and ethical dilemmas to come. In this proposal, we detail the specific protocol changes that our EP department has adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic, including performance of only urgent/emergent procedures, after hours/7-day per week laboratory operation, single attending-only cases to preserve PPE, appropriate use of PPE, telemedicine and video chat follow-up appointments, and daily conferences to collectively manage the clinical and ethical dilemmas to come. Unless urgent/emergent, we have avoided performing procedures on COVID-19 infected patients in the EP laboratory to prevent transmission not only during transport to the laboratory, but also to prevent seeding the lab itself in the case of a prolonged operation. cache = ./cache/cord-316918-mz5r7yiy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316918-mz5r7yiy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311795-kvv3fx2n author = Barratt, Ruth title = Clinician perceptions of respiratory infection risk; a rationale for research into mask use in routine practice date = 2019-08-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5295 sentences = 235 flesch = 41 summary = An important area of infection prevention and control (IPC) is the optimal use of personal protective equipment (PPE) by healthcare workers (HCWs), including masks for protection against respiratory pathogens. An important area of infection prevention and control (IPC) is the optimal use of personal protective equipment (PPE) by healthcare workers (HCWs), including masks for protection against respiratory pathogens. Respiratory infectious diseases are transmitted via contact, droplet and/or airborne modes, necessitating healthcare worker (HCW) use of surgical masks or respirators and other personal protective equipment (PPE) together with appropriate hand hygiene. During periods of high-risk for respiratory infectious disease, such as the annual influenza season or a novel influenza pandemic, health departments have, and may, encourage or mandate the use of a protective respiratory mask by the general public to minimise the transmission from symptomatic people to others [49] . cache = ./cache/cord-311795-kvv3fx2n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311795-kvv3fx2n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318660-47dqa1dd author = Jain, Mehr title = Efficacy and Use of Cloth Masks: A Scoping Review date = 2020-09-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4212 sentences = 201 flesch = 55 summary = Cloth masks have limited inward protection in healthcare settings where viral exposure is high but may be beneficial for outward protection in low-risk settings and use by the general public where no other alternatives to medical masks are available. Although guidelines from the World Health Organization (WHO) and Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) suggest various strategies to optimize the supply of PPE in healthcare settings [4, 7] , there are limited data on alternatives to surgical masks. In the current COVID-19 pandemic, Chinese recommendations on face mask use in community settings suggest that cloth masks could be used in a very low-risk population to prevent the spread of disease [13] . This review aims to integrate current studies and guidelines to determine the efficacy of cloth masks as both inward and outward protective equipment and whether they can be used in healthcare settings and/or the community in light of the PPE shortage. cache = ./cache/cord-318660-47dqa1dd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318660-47dqa1dd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319232-qowtuhh6 author = Brazil, Victoria title = Translational simulation for rapid transformation of health services, using the example of the COVID-19 pandemic preparation date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3382 sentences = 166 flesch = 37 summary = We describe our strategy development and context, simulation delivery activities and outcomes and offer principles and practical suggestions for how simulation can directly and rapidly respond to urgent need for health service transformation. Turning the promise of simulation into reality for COVID-19 preparation requires a translational approacha simulation program that is attuned to emerging priorities, has strong relationships with clinicians and service leadership and with the skills and capacity to apply (or develop) simulation strategies to address those issues. The program includes educationally focused simulation but extends to 'in situ' simulation in clinical areas designed for translational impact-diagnosing and addressing important process and teamwork issues in patient care. Our experience with using simulation for COVID-19 pandemic preparation has sharped reflection on the role of simulation in health service performance and change management, albeit in a unique and urgent context. cache = ./cache/cord-319232-qowtuhh6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319232-qowtuhh6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322382-p46slvka author = Wesemann, Christian title = 3-D Printed Protective Equipment during COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-04-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3861 sentences = 193 flesch = 55 summary = Therefore, to provide HCWs with sufficient PPEs to increase facial protection, face shields could be 3-D printed. The increased space between the face and visor is sufficient for essential eye and mouth-nose protective equipment, but, at the same time, lateral protection against aerosols when using pre-fabricated DIN A4 foils is reduced. For effective and efficient manufacturing of the face shields presented in this study, fused deposition modeling (FDM) was preferred due to its increased printing capability and minimal post-processing requirements. Easy to use and self-sustaining face shield production using one's own printing capabilities in combination with sufficiently available, commercial goods, such as the laser copy foils in the current study, can be considered to help protect HCWs from aerosol or accidental hand-to-face contamination during their daily clinical routines. 3-D printing of the frame of a face shield was possible using open-source data and biodegradable material. cache = ./cache/cord-322382-p46slvka.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322382-p46slvka.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316632-rr9f88oi author = Kimura, Yurika title = Society of swallowing and dysphagia of Japan: Position statement on dysphagia management during the COVID-19 outbreak date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3098 sentences = 188 flesch = 52 summary = On April 14, the Society of Swallowing and Dysphagia of Japan (SSDJ) proposed its position statement on dysphagia treatment considering the ongoing spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This statement is arranged into separate sections providing information and advice in consideration of the COVID-19 outbreak, including "terminology", "clinical swallowing assessment and examination", "swallowing therapy", "oral care", "surgical procedure for dysphagia", "tracheotomy care", and "nursing care". The current set of statements on dysphagia management in the COVID-19 outbreak is not an evidence-based clinical practice guideline, but a guide for all healthcare workers involved in the treatment of dysphagia during the COVID-19 epidemic to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. 48 This statement is arranged into separate sections provid-49 ing information and advice considering the COVID-19 out-50 break, including "clinical swallowing assessment and ex-51 amination", "dysphagia rehabilitation", "oral care", "nursing 52 care", "surgical procedure for dysphagia", and "tracheotomy 53 care". cache = ./cache/cord-316632-rr9f88oi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316632-rr9f88oi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316327-0hpthrjo author = Brar, Branden title = A Survey Assessing the Early Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Training Programs date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4497 sentences = 249 flesch = 44 summary = The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has specific implications for oral and maxillofacial surgeons due to an increased risk of exposure to the virus during surgical procedures of the aero-digestive tract. CMS also increased access to Medicare telehealth services for its beneficiaries under the Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act. This rapid turn of events led to some urgent modifications to clinical care including surgery, by US health care providers in all specialties, to accommodate the critical shortages of hospital resources as the pandemic was evolving. This evoked the need to survey OMFS training programs and to start a discussion regarding some of the changes in emergency triage, urgent surgical procedures, and use of PPE to protect health care personnel. [16] The aim of this survey was to assess the impact of COVID -19 on Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS) training programs in the different regions of USA during the early phase of this pandemic between March 6 th to May 6 th 2020. cache = ./cache/cord-316327-0hpthrjo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316327-0hpthrjo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316157-7nci4q1q author = Iheduru‐Anderson, Kechi title = Reflections on the lived experience of working with limited personal protective equipment during the COVID‐19 crisis date = 2020-10-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6116 sentences = 305 flesch = 56 summary = This study used a descriptive phenomenological design to describe the lived experience of acute care nurses working with limited access to PPE during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Existing studies have focused on hospital preparation, availability of resources, and the safety of patients (Barbisch & Koenig, 2006; Karabacak, Ozturk, & Bahcecik, 2011; Ruchlewska et al., 2014; Tzeng & Yin, 2008) , the education of hospital staff (Powers, 2007) , emergency room nurses' description and management during a crisis (Vasli and Dehghan-Nayeri, 2016) , and the psychological impact of disease outbreaks on hospital workers (Sun et al., 2020; Wu et al., 2009; Yin & Zeng, 2020) . The purpose of this study was to describe the lived experience of acute care nurses working with limited access to PPE during the COVID-19 pandemic. This qualitative descriptive phenomenological study explored the lived experiences of acute care nurses working on the frontline during the COVID-19 disease outbreak. Descriptive phenomenology was chosen as the design for the current study because it explored and described the participants' everyday experiences as they lived them while working with limited PPE on the frontline of the 2020 COVID-19 crisis. cache = ./cache/cord-316157-7nci4q1q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316157-7nci4q1q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316718-7gtgqmcn author = Murphy, D. L. title = Occupational Exposures and Programmatic Response to COVID-19 Pandemic: An Emergency Medical Services Experience date = 2020-05-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3697 sentences = 203 flesch = 51 summary = We reviewed dispatch, EMS, and public health surveillance records to evaluate the temporal relationship between exposure and programmatic changes to EMS operations designed to identify high-risk patients, protect the workforce, and conserve PPE. Ideally, EMS strategies would incorporate COVID-19 risk assessment and target use of the limited PPE resource in order to achieve EMS provider safety, extend the supply of PPE, and support high-quality patient care. Of the 700 unique EMS providers caring for patients with confirmed COVID-19, 3 (0.4%) tested positive during the 14 days following an encounter (Table 3 ), yet none of these three had a documented occupational exposure. The series of practice changes involving dispatch advisement, patient COVID-19 risk criteria, and initial EMS scene deployment were associated with a temporal increase in adequate PPE use and conversely a decrease in EMS provider exposures (Figure 2, p<0.01) . cache = ./cache/cord-316718-7gtgqmcn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316718-7gtgqmcn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321443-89o13sox author = Umazume, Takeshi title = Survey on the use of personal protective equipment and COVID‐19 testing of pregnant women in Japan date = 2020-08-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2029 sentences = 116 flesch = 53 summary = AIM: To clarify the status of personal protective equipment (PPE) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) tests for pregnant women, we conducted an urgent survey. Our study also determined that around 65.0% of facilities for doctors and 73.5% of facilities for midwives used PPE beyond the "standard gown or apron, surgical mask, goggles or face shield" during labor of asymptomatic women. 3 In order to clarify the status of PPE usage during labor and delivery and COVID-19 tests for pregnant women, we conducted an urgent survey in Japan. Status of PPE use beyond "standard gown or apron, surgical mask, goggle or face shield" during labor of women without symptoms of COVID-19 Pregnant women were tested for COVID-19 not only in perinatal medical centers and university hospitals, but also other facilities, at a rate of 9-17% (Table S2) . Appropriate guidelines for PPE usage by medical providers and COVID-19 testing for pregnant women before delivery are necessary in Japan. cache = ./cache/cord-321443-89o13sox.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321443-89o13sox.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314507-fgrvrlht author = Sule, Harsh title = Maintenance of Skill Proficiency for Emergency Skills With and Without Adjuncts Despite the Use of Level C Personal Protective Equipment date = 2020-03-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2469 sentences = 148 flesch = 53 summary = Objective To determine the impact of Level C personal protective equipment (PPE) on the time to perform intravenous (IV) cannulation and endotracheal intubation, both with and without the use of adjuncts. Methods This prospective, case-control study of emergency medicine resident physicians was designed to assess the time taken by each subject to perform endotracheal intubation using both direct laryngoscopy (DL) and video laryngoscopy (VL), as well as peripheral IV cannulation both with and without ultrasound guidance and with and without PPE. Our primary objective was to determine the impact of Level C PPE on the time to perform intravenous cannulation and endotracheal intubation, both with and without the use of adjuncts. studied 40 emergency physicians (residents) with and without Level C PPE and found no difference in the mean time to successful endotracheal intubation (17.86 sec vs. cache = ./cache/cord-314507-fgrvrlht.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314507-fgrvrlht.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311401-7ugqjg5c author = Alser, O. title = Healthcare workers preparedness for COVID-19 pandemic in the occupied Palestinian territory: a cross-sectional survey date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2798 sentences = 164 flesch = 53 summary = Sufficient training of healthcare workers (HCWs) in how to manage COVID-19 and the provision of personal protective equipment (PPE) to enable them to do so will be key tools in allowing oPt to mount a credible response to the crisis. (4) Other LMICs in the Middle East and Africa have also reported scarcity of personal protective equipment (PPE) for front line healthcare workers (HCWs).(5, 6) We hypothesize that (HCWs) in the oPt are largely underprepared to address COVID-19 related needs of the Palestinian population in both the West Bank and Gaza Strip. The secondary outcome was to assess the differences between Gaza Strip and West Bank, and between governmental and non-governmental in oPt in terms of availability of PPE and HCWs preparedness to face the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-311401-7ugqjg5c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311401-7ugqjg5c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335477-po201szv author = O'Leary, Fenton title = Personal Protective Equipment in the Paediatric Emergency Department during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Estimating requirements based on staff numbers and patient presentations. date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3200 sentences = 181 flesch = 57 summary = OBJECTIVES: To estimate the Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) required in a Paediatric Emergency Department during the COVID‐19 pandemic comparing the use per patient to use per patient zone, based on the NSW Clinical Excellence Commission (CEC) guidelines in place at the time of the study. The aim of this study was to identify the number of staff contacts and AGPs with patients in the Paediatric ED over a 24 hour period and attribute PPE required according to the NSW CEC guideline and compare this to the PPE required based on staff zone allocations. Estimated PPE requirements for each of the three levels of risk of infection and transmission based on staff roles and zone allocations are described in Table 3 -supplementary file and based on patient contacts and procedures in Table 4 -supplementary file. cache = ./cache/cord-335477-po201szv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335477-po201szv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333554-0wlgg450 author = Curzen, Nick title = An Extended Statement by the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society President Regarding the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-04-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 698 sentences = 43 flesch = 59 summary = The presidents of BCS and BCIS have released a joint statement of support and advice to our members, and have contributed to an NHS England statement about recommendations for ongoing cardiology activities. We suggest that clinical leads/senior cath lab staff have discussions across local networks regarding potential cross cover for emergency patients between local centres, in case this becomes necessary. To this end, the NHS England guidance continues to recommend primary PCI for STEMI and angiography with a view to revascularisation for all non-ST-elevation MI (NSTEMI) patients, except perhaps the lowest risk group. However, for BCIS members, it is the optimal PPE for cath lab procedures, especially primary PCI for STEMI, that has raised most anxiety and contention. For other situations the cath lab, when deemed low risk of AGP, can be regarded as an inpatient area or operating theatre with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases, and type 1 PPE is recommended for all those with direct patient contact. cache = ./cache/cord-333554-0wlgg450.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333554-0wlgg450.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330666-puhijixa author = Carrico, Ruth M. title = Changing health care worker behavior in relation to respiratory disease transmission with a novel training approach that uses biosimulation date = 2007-02-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3395 sentences = 193 flesch = 46 summary = BACKGROUND: This pilot study was conducted to determine whether supplementing standard classroom training methods regarding respiratory disease transmission with a visual demonstration could improve the use of personal protective equipment among emergency department nurses. CONCLUSION: Supplementing the standard training methods with a visual demonstration can improve the use of personal protective equipment during care of patients exhibiting respiratory symptoms. We used pre-/posttest knowledge assessments and observations of HCW-patient interactions to evaluate the impact of the visual demonstration of respiratory disease transmission on PPE use by HCWs. The study was conducted during the peak of the 2005 influenza season (January to March) to ensure that the HCWs could be observed interacting with the greatest number of patients with respiratory symptoms. Observers with experience in the education and training of health care personnel were trained to recognize and evaluate the use of PPE by study participants during real patient interaction. cache = ./cache/cord-330666-puhijixa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330666-puhijixa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323008-xk89ew1b author = Rama, Asheen title = Individualized simulations in a time of social distancing: Learning on donning and doffing of an COVID-19 airway response team date = 2020-08-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 798 sentences = 48 flesch = 50 summary = title: Individualized simulations in a time of social distancing: Learning on donning and doffing of an COVID-19 airway response team Recently, common biosafety breaches during donning and doffing of protective personal equipment (PPE) have been reported [2] . With the approval and wavier of institutional IRB, we report here our findings of examining our staff training regarding the common biosafety breaches in donning and doffing for aerosols generating medical procedures (AGMPs) based on key areas identified by Munoz-Leyva and Niazi [2] . Given the vast number of HCWs who are becoming infected with COVID-19 [6] , it is of vital importance that we not only distribute knowledge on PPE in the form of protocols, guidelines, demonstrations, and videos, but also provide simulations with personalized feedback which improves staff safety in anticipation of potential second wave infection as the world reopens [6] . Common breaches in biosafety during donning and doffing of protective personal equipment used in the care of COVID-19 patients cache = ./cache/cord-323008-xk89ew1b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323008-xk89ew1b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335648-lbmhprjn author = Estrich, Cameron G. title = Estimating COVID-19 prevalence and infection control practices among US dentists date = 2020-10-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4197 sentences = 207 flesch = 49 summary = Dentists from every US state (n = 2,195) answered questions about COVID-19–associated symptoms, SARS-CoV-2 infection, mental and physical health conditions, and infection control procedures used in their primary dental practices. As early as March 2020, Journal of Dental Research published the infection control guidelines that dentists at Wuhan University used, 7 and, in April and May 2020, the American Dental Association (ADA) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), respectively, released interim guidance on infection control protocols and changes to the practice and office environments. In this article, we used the first month of study data to estimate the prevalence of COVID-19 among US dentists and to determine the rate of compliance with CDC and ADA infection prevention and control procedures. 14, 15 Respondents who reported providing oral health care in the past month were asked about infection prevention or control procedures in their primary dental practice. cache = ./cache/cord-335648-lbmhprjn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335648-lbmhprjn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339614-28s205p8 author = Dover, Jeffrey S. title = A Path to Resume Aesthetic Care: Executive Summary of Project AesCert Guidance Supplement—Practical Considerations for Aesthetic Medicine Professionals Supporting Clinic Preparedness in Response to the SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak date = 2020-05-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 12532 sentences = 440 flesch = 36 summary = Patient communication-establishing appropriate expectations for office visits and attendant risks; Clinic schedule management-considerations for schedule modification to convert non-treatment interactions to telehealth consultations, separate patients from one another in the office and avoid unnecessary staff contact; Facility management-physical modification of office common areas and treatment rooms, as well as check-in and check-out procedures, to promote safe practices and physical distancing; Cleaning procedures-discussion of disinfection methods and practices in each office area, ranging from medical instruments and treatment rooms to administrative items and reception areas; Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for providers, staff and patients-recommendations for PPE types and use depending upon procedure-based risk assessment, and recognizing current global equipment shortages; Employee health screening and training-procedures and methods for identifying staff members who may be unwell before, during, and after work, and training of staff to identify potential COVID-19 presentation in coworkers, patients, and other office visitors; risks associated with exposure to known or suspected COVID-19-positive individuals are also discussed; Patient health and screening-procedures and methods for symptom recognition in patients before, during, and after office visits, with follow-up monitoring where appropriate; Remedial measures following onsite symptom presentation-a framework for addressing isolation of symptomatic individuals, office containment and disinfection, and contact tracing; Treatment room setup-preparing and securing treatment rooms for patient entry to contain office contamination and reduce overall potential COVID-19 exposure; and Aesthetic treatment considerations-pretreatment preparation and precautions, and other suggestions for minimizing risk of transmission in performing the most common types of office-based aesthetic procedures, such as neurotoxin and dermal filler injections, noninvasive body contouring, lasers and other similar energy-emitting devices, and a range of medical skin care treatments. cache = ./cache/cord-339614-28s205p8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339614-28s205p8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335638-p84nmtfp author = Swaminathan, Ashwin title = Personal Protective Equipment and Antiviral Drug Use during Hospitalization for Suspected Avian or Pandemic Influenza(1) date = 2007-10-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3367 sentences = 175 flesch = 48 summary = This study aimed to estimate the resource needs that a hospital might face in the fi rst few hours of management of a single patient who sought treatment with possible avian or pandemic infl uenza (API) or similar highly virulent respiratory infection. The study outcome measures were the following: 1) number of close contacts associated with the API patient during the initial 6 hours of patient management, including how many of these were HCW close contacts; 2) the total number of exposures experienced by close contacts; 3) overall quantity and type of PPE items (gowns, gloves, N95 masks, eyewear) actually used during the simulation by HCW close contacts and ancillary HCWs; 4) overall "opportunities for PPE item use" for HCW close contacts and ancillary HCWs (i.e., actual use plus missed opportunities for appropriate PPE use); and 5) stratifi cation of HCW close contacts into medium-or low-risk groups for the purpose of recommending antiviral postexposure prophylaxis. cache = ./cache/cord-335638-p84nmtfp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335638-p84nmtfp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332932-mq36xpai author = Wood, David A. title = Safe Reintroduction of Cardiovascular Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Guidance from North American Society Leadership date = 2020-05-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1776 sentences = 113 flesch = 37 summary = In this consensus report, we harmonize recommendations from North American cardiovascular societies and provide guidance on the safe reintroduction of invasive cardiovascular procedures and diagnostic tests after the initial peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. As discussed below, COVID-19 testing of potential patients and health care workers (HCW), as well as personal protective equipment (PPE), must also be carefully monitored to minimize the risk of shortages as the pandemic escalates and abates. 2) COVID-19 Screening: Encourage routine screening of all patients prior to any cardiovascular procedure or test to ensure the safety of HCWs. This testing may include nasopharyngeal swabs and saliva or rapid antibody tests and should be guided by local institutional infectious disease experts and closely coordinated with regional public health officials. It provides an ethical framework with appropriate safeguards for the gradual reintroduction of invasive cardiovascular procedures and diagnostics tests after the initial peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-332932-mq36xpai.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332932-mq36xpai.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322871-cf4mn0pu author = O'Keeffe, Dara Ann title = Ebola Emergency Preparedness: Simulation Training for Frontline Health Care Professionals date = 2016-08-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3719 sentences = 191 flesch = 47 summary = The primary goal of this program was to ensure the safety of staff, patients, and the general public by training staff in the correct use of personal protective equipment (PPE) before, during, and after care of patients with EVD. RESULTS: This program was effectively deployed in the STRATUS Center for Medical Simulation over a 4-month period, with 220 health care professionals participating in the training and 195 participants completing the pre-/posttraining questionnaires. DISCUSSION: This interprofessional simulation-based program has been shown to be a well-received method of training clinicians to manage patients collaboratively during an EVD outbreak. Here, we describe a simulation laboratory-based program that was used as the foundation training for frontline staff in the correct use of PPE for clinical care activities. Our interprofessional simulation-based program has been shown to be a well-received method of training clinicians to manage patients collaboratively during an EVD outbreak. cache = ./cache/cord-322871-cf4mn0pu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322871-cf4mn0pu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342666-7el8o6qq author = Mahmood, Syed Uzair title = Strategies for Rational Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Among Healthcare Providers During the COVID-19 Crisis date = 2020-05-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2707 sentences = 182 flesch = 62 summary = title: Strategies for Rational Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Among Healthcare Providers During the COVID-19 Crisis However, there are guidelines recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to maintain the supply in the wake of this increased demand of PPE, how the manufacturers should track their supplies, and how the recipients should manage them. It should be noted that according to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, medical masks and respirators should only be reserved for healthcare workers [10] . 1) The healthcare professionals who are working with patients of COVID-19 and are in direct contact should have PPE consisting of gloves, gowns, masks, face shields, and goggles. Use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) When Caring for Patients with Confirmed or Suspected COVID-19 Rational Use of Personal Protective Equipment ( PPE) for Coronavirus Disease ( COVID-19) : Interim Guidance cache = ./cache/cord-342666-7el8o6qq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342666-7el8o6qq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314492-483rn3aw author = Gallagher, Jennifer E. title = Relevance and paucity of evidence: a dental perspective on personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2849 sentences = 147 flesch = 51 summary = It examined evidence on which type of full body PPE and which method of donning (putting on) or doffing (removing) are most effective, while having the least risk of contamination or infection for healthcare workers, as well as which training methods increase compliance with PPE protocols. The global COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, 1 has highlighted the importance of personal protective equipment (PPE) for health and social care personnel. The global COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, 1 has highlighted the importance of personal protective equipment (PPE) for health and social care personnel. 8 The evidence from this review is of great importance where there is a risk of highly infectious diseases, and even though COVID-19 is no longer considered to be a high consequence disease in the UK, 9 its findings remain relevant to the current pandemic 10 and continue to be updated. cache = ./cache/cord-314492-483rn3aw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314492-483rn3aw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318944-13zk6cco author = Bizzoca, Maria Eleonora title = Covid-19 Pandemic: What Changes for Dentists and Oral Medicine Experts? A Narrative Review and Novel Approaches to Infection Containment date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11691 sentences = 617 flesch = 50 summary = The authors performed a narrative review on Severe Acute Respiratory SyndromeCoronaVirus-2 ( SARS-CoV-2) and all infectious agents with the primary endpoints to illustrate the most accepted models of safety protocols in dentistry and oral medicine, and to propose an easy view of the problem and a comparison (prevs post-COVID19) for the most common dental procedures. After a brief excursus on all infectious agents transmittable at the dental chair, the authors described all the personal protective equipment (PPE) actually on the market and their indications, and on the basis of the literature, they compared (before and after COVID-19 onset) the correct safety procedures for each dental practice studied, underlining the danger of underestimating, in general, dental cross-infections. The precautions for infection control require wearing gloves, aprons, as well as eye and mouth protection (goggles and mask, such as medical masks and Filtering Face Piece or FPP) for each procedure involving direct contact with the patient body fluids. cache = ./cache/cord-318944-13zk6cco.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318944-13zk6cco.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329268-0zhabgkt author = Savoia, E. title = Factors Associated with Access and Use of PPE during COVID-19: A Cross-sectional Study of Italian Physicians date = 2020-05-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3727 sentences = 209 flesch = 55 summary = This study aimed to understand physicians access to personal protective equipment (PPE) and to information about their use, risk perception and strategies adopted to prevent contracting the infection. This study aimed to understand physicians' access to PPE, reception of information about their use, ability to perform donning and doffing procedures, risk perception and strategies adopted to prevent contracting the infection. Questions were designed to inform the development of training and policies in response to the crisis and included questions about the physician's work experience (years of experience, specialty, experience in COVID-19 units and geographic area of work), and questions related to the use of PPE divided in four parts: 1) Access to PPE and strategies to cope with shortage, 2) Information received on the use of PPE, 3) Self-reported ability to perform donning and doffing procedures, and 4) Risk perception of contracting the disease. cache = ./cache/cord-329268-0zhabgkt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329268-0zhabgkt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331978-y4uo7o8g author = Maxwell, Daniel N title = “The Art of War” in the Era of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date = 2020-03-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1520 sentences = 83 flesch = 53 summary = With rapidly increasing cases and local community transmission in multiple countries outside of China, including the United States, the outbreak has entered a new phase, which requires a shift in primary battle strategy from a focus on containment in China to international mitigation. As cases of COVID-19 explode internationally, a strategic shift is required away from primarily containment, keeping the virus "out there", to home-based mitigation and public health responses. Now, the task is bearing the burden of identifying, isolating, triaging and managing the rising number of cases, necessitating total engagement of the medical community, public health sector, governments and society as a whole. As Sun Tzu noted, "If in training soldiers' commands are habitually enforced, the army will be well-disciplined." 1 The authors also highlight improvements in infection prevention and control (IPC) infrastructure, administrative controls, and public health coordination compared to their 2003 SARS experience. cache = ./cache/cord-331978-y4uo7o8g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331978-y4uo7o8g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337499-jzpgtkai author = Yong Choi, Sung title = Safe surgical tracheostomy during the COVID-19 pandemic: A protocol based on experiences with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome and COVID-19 outbreaks in South Korea date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4736 sentences = 257 flesch = 49 summary = title: Safe surgical tracheostomy during the COVID-19 pandemic: A protocol based on experiences with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome and COVID-19 outbreaks in South Korea RESULTS: Compared with previous guidelines, our protocol consisted of enhanced PPE, simplified procedures (no limitation in the use of electrocautery and wound suction, no stay suture, and delayed cannula change) and a validated screening strategy for healthcare workers. In contrast, the surgical tracheostomy for the COVID-19 patient was performed by one dedicated head and neck surgeon and ICU medical staff (two intensivists and one senior nurse), who worked only in the negative pressure room for COVID-19, and assisted with all procedures (Supplementary Figure 1) . The first cannula change for the COVID-19 patient was performed by the same surgeon with enhanced PPE at 13 days because that patient had three consecutive negative SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests 11 days after tracheostomy. cache = ./cache/cord-337499-jzpgtkai.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337499-jzpgtkai.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341531-w788qwya author = Montero Feijoo, A. title = Practical recommendations for the perioperative management of patients with suspicion or serious infection by coronavirus SARS-CoV date = 2020-05-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3716 sentences = 202 flesch = 44 summary = Protective measures should be maximised when caring for patients with confirmed infection, in critically ill patients with a high viral load, and in patients that require invasive aerosol-generating procedures and manoeuvres such as aerosol therapy and nebulisation, aspiration of respiratory secretions, bag-mask ventilation, non-invasive ventilation, intubation, respiratory sampling, bronchoalveolar lavage, tracheostomy or cardiopulmonary resuscitation. If postoperative surveillance is necessary, it will be carried out in adequately monitored isolation units, preferably with negative pressure Avoid using aerosols, high-flow nasal oxygen or non-invasive ventilation as far as possible in patients requiring postoperative oxygen therapy Healthcare personnel who care for patients during postoperative surveillance must wear appropriate personal protective equipment at all times and must be taught donning and doffing techniques The same recommendations for transferring patients to the operating room apply to postoperative transfer cache = ./cache/cord-341531-w788qwya.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341531-w788qwya.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330870-l0ryikhv author = Eubanks, Allison title = Obstetric Simulation for a Pandemic date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3232 sentences = 160 flesch = 47 summary = Conclusion: In the current COVID-19 pandemic, simulating obstetrical patient care from presentation to the hospital triage through postpartum care can prepare teams for even the most complicated patients while increasing their ability to protect themselves and their patients. Conclusion: In the current COVID-19 pandemic, simulating obstetrical patient care from presentation to the hospital triage through postpartum care can prepare teams for even the most complicated patients while increasing their ability to protect themselves and their patients. Communication, teamwork, and process efficiency are dramatically increased with simulations, which is why they are quickly being adapted as an essential part of medical training for small team events like codes and postpartum hemorrhages and large-scale, multi-hospital emergencies, disasters, and pandemics. The Ebola outbreak in 2014-2016 was the most recent event that demonstrated a need for pandemic and disaster preparedness throughout the country, as hospitals quickly realized they did not have plans for admitting, transporting, and caring for these highly contagious patients 6, 8, 15, 16 . cache = ./cache/cord-330870-l0ryikhv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330870-l0ryikhv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335704-qejpc4x8 author = Kuhar, Hannah N. title = Otolaryngology in the Time of Corona: Assessing Operative Impact and Risk During the COVID-19 Crisis date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4690 sentences = 246 flesch = 41 summary = 5 Regarding surgical management of otolaryngologic cases, it is recommended that patient COVID-19 status be determined ahead of surgery, that high-risk operations be performed in negativepressure operating rooms with appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) worn by all staff, and that only essential staff be in the operating room for intubation and extubation. Immediately following the present study period of data collection (March 18-April 8, 2020), with the increasing availability of PPE, OHNS departments across all 3 centers developed standardized protocols for universal use of aerosol-protective PPE for all AGPs, regardless of the patient's COVID-19 status. From the experience of OHNS departments at pediatric and adult academic medical centers, we identified availability of rapid COVID-19 testing and adequate aerosol-protective PPE to be significant limitations to operationalizing society recommendations. cache = ./cache/cord-335704-qejpc4x8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335704-qejpc4x8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342642-qzoowc97 author = García-Méndez, Nayely title = Anesthesiologists and the High Risk of Exposure to COVID-19 date = 2020-05-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 250 sentences = 23 flesch = 54 summary = key: cord-342642-qzoowc97 title: Anesthesiologists and the High Risk of Exposure to COVID-19 cord_uid: qzoowc97 (1) PPE are all the set of elements and devices, that are specifically designed to protect the HCP against accidents and illnesses that could be caused by agents during the performance of their daily basis activities as well as in the emergency care; and (2) the occupational risk related to the exposure of the HCP must be identified and analyzed. The JCI has been calling for action at all government levels to address the shortage and protect those who work heroically to care for infected patients with COVID-19. We can confirm that in Mexico, there have been "hospital outbreaks" with 329 HCPs who have been infected with COVID-19 throughout the country. Prevención y control de infección en enfermedades respiratorias agudas con tendencia epidémica y pandémica durante la atención sanitaria Pautas. Available at: www.paho.org/es/documentos/ prevencion-control-infeccion-enfermedades-respiratoriasagudas-con-tendencia-epidemica Anesthesiologists and the High Risk of Exposure to COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-342642-qzoowc97.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342642-qzoowc97.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340887-k88hchau author = Khusid, Johnathan A. title = Well‐Being and Education of Urology Residents During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: Results of an American National Survey date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3041 sentences = 160 flesch = 42 summary = To address this gap, in the current study we aim to assess the well-being, clinical practice, and education of urology residents throughout the USA during the COVID-19 pandemic through the use of an anonymous survey. Potential risk factors included: resident age, gender identity, level of training, practice setting (urban/suburban/rural), AUA geographical section, perception of local COVID-19 severity (Likert), marital status, children, perceived household susceptibility to disease (Likert), history of COVID-19 symptoms, months of intensive care unit training, redeployment status, perceptions of availability of PPE (Likert) and COVID-19 testing, cancellation of elective cases, number of weekly operations before the pandemic, perceived program and hospital support (Likert), perception of shared responsibility with attendings (Likert), and perceived difficulty meeting case minimums (Likert). Perception of support from hospital administration (β=-0.23, 95% CI=-0.40, -0.05) and shared responsibility between residents and attendings (β=-0.22, 95% CI=-0.39, -0.07) were associated with lower declination of redeployment whereas concern regarding ability to reach graduation case requirements was associated with higher declination of redeployment (β=0.16, 95% CI=0.00, 0.32). cache = ./cache/cord-340887-k88hchau.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340887-k88hchau.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314460-dbrp4vxc author = Gibbs, Shawn G. title = Review of Literature for Air Medical Evacuation High-Level Containment Transport date = 2019-10-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4806 sentences = 223 flesch = 44 summary = We conducted a review of the literature to evaluate the processes and procedures utilized for safe AE high-level containment transport (AE-HLCT) of patients with HHCDs. Methods A literature search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE (from 1966 through January 2019). A literature search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE (from 1966 through January 2019) with the following terms: 1) "aeromedical isolation," 2) "aeromedical evacuation" OR "transportation of patients" OR "air ambulance" OR "HEMS" OR "Helicopter" AND "ebola" OR "lassa" OR "viral hemorrhagic" OR "highly infectious" OR "highly hazardous" OR "contagious" OR "communicable" OR "Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)" OR "SARS" OR "smallpox", and 3) "mobile" OR "transport" AND "high-level isolation" OR "high containment". Biselli et al 22 noted training includes personal protective equipment (PPE), patient management on ground and inflight, and equipment decontamination, whereas Christopher and Eitzen, 17 24 which detailed a 2006 Royal Air Force mission, remarked on the benefit of in-flight, just-in-time training that occurred on the flight to the patient, while also stating that the mission resulted in routine air transport isolator exercises. cache = ./cache/cord-314460-dbrp4vxc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314460-dbrp4vxc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345806-3ghtpji4 author = Boelig, Rupsa C. title = Obstetric Protocols in the Setting of a Pandemic date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2912 sentences = 154 flesch = 41 summary = The purpose of this article is to review key areas that should be considered and modified in our obstetric protocols, specifically: 1) Patient triage, 2) Labor and delivery unit policies, 3) Special considerations for personal protective equipment (PPE) needs in obstetrics, 4) Intrapartum management, and 5) Postpartum care The purpose of this article is to review key areas that should be considered and modified in our obstetric protocols, specifically: 1) Patient triage, 2) Labor and delivery unit policies, 3) Special considerations for personal protective equipment (PPE) needs in obstetrics, 4) Intrapartum management, and 5) Postpartum care If patients cannot be appropriately isolated on labor and delivery unit, there need to be contingency plans for isolation off of the unit while still providing maternal and fetal monitoring and care. Labor unit leaders should work closely with hospital administration, nursing, anesthesia, neonatalogy/pediatrics, infectious disease, and critical care medicine to best address the unique needs and challenges of labor and delivery in the setting of particular pathogens. cache = ./cache/cord-345806-3ghtpji4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345806-3ghtpji4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340799-1awmtj52 author = Krajewska, Joanna title = Review of practical recommendations for otolaryngologists and head and neck surgeons during the COVID-19 pandemic: Recommendations for otolaryngologists during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7941 sentences = 395 flesch = 42 summary = Laryngectomy patients and individuals after tracheotomy with COVID-19 carry a particularly high risk of infecting ENT specialists and other members of medical staff as the way of breathing is these individuals is modified and enables the easy spread of SARS-CoV-2 containing aerosolized tracheal secretions [11] . In accordance with such high risk of infection, only emergency consultations and procedures should be performed by ENT specialists in times of COVID-19 pandemic in areas with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases [23, 28] . American Head and Neck Society, AAO-HNS, and the American Colleges of Surgeons, recommended that preoperative testing for SARS-CoV-2 presence should be performed in all individuals undergoing high-risk procedures [22, 30] . Patients with acute airway obstruction requiring tracheotomy should be considered as COVID-19 positive, as there is no time for SARS-CoV-2 testing in case of such urgent surgery [29] . cache = ./cache/cord-340799-1awmtj52.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340799-1awmtj52.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315358-22srds0e author = Kovacs, George title = Just the Facts: Airway management during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic date = 2020-03-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1874 sentences = 119 flesch = 58 summary = 3 COVID-19 pneumonia patients in respiratory distress with persistent hypoxemia and who are showing signs of fatigue (altered mental status) despite escalation of oxygen therapy (i.e., non-rebreather face mask at 15 L/min) are at significant risk for requiring urgent intubation. 5 Another major reason why airway management in COVID-19 patients is different relates to the details and sequencing related to provider safety. Answer: There is considerable discussion and concern amongst healthcare providers around the availability and access of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) for high-risk AGPs such as intubation. 6 While every institution should have access to PPE for providers performing an AGP, it is important to ask the question of whether these recommendations are what is best for a provider in a room (negative pressure or not) preparing to intubate the sickest of COVID-19 patients. • Airway management of COVID-19 patients requires a paradigm shift from a focus primarily on patientoriented outcomes to one that focuses on provider safety. cache = ./cache/cord-315358-22srds0e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315358-22srds0e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348614-im7qtr9k author = Yánez Benítez, Carlos title = International cooperation group of emergency surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-10-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3971 sentences = 212 flesch = 42 summary = These COVID-19 dedicated protocols addressed surgical team organization, operating room (OR) preparation, rational use of personal protective equipment (PPE), considerations on anesthesiology, and intraoperative management of emergency surgical pathology. Continuity performing their regular tasks was reported by 73 (54%) of the respondents, in contrast with the rest, whose newly assigned duties were to the emergency department COVID-19 triage (25%), the intensive care unit (ICU) activities (13%), or had to manage mechanically ventilated patients in the surgical ward (7%). About half (51%) of the respondents had not received training in the use of PPE for airborne infectious risk while performing emergency surgical procedures before the pandemic, and roughly over one-third (37%) had it during the studied period. This study provides an international snapshot of the level of adoption of the guidance for surgical team organization, adequacy of PPE availability and usage, OR preparation, anesthesiologic considerations, and intraoperative management of emergency surgical cases during 2 weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-348614-im7qtr9k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348614-im7qtr9k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333509-dnuakd6h author = Chan, Hui Yun title = Hospitals’ Liabilities in Times of Pandemic: Recalibrating the Legal Obligation to Provide Personal Protective Equipment to Healthcare Workers date = 2020-10-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8805 sentences = 491 flesch = 50 summary = Recent developments have witnessed strong responses from the public and healthcare workers, ranging from pursuing legal actions against the government or their employers (hospitals) for breaching their obligations of care towards employees to calling for a full public inquiry into pandemic management, including the status of the PPE stockpile. PPE under the Regulations means "all equip-ment…intended to be worn or held by a person at work and which protects the person against one or more risks to that person's health or safety, and any addition or accessory designed to meet that objective." 29 Consequently, PPE in the hospital context is broad enough to include all equipment that protect healthcare workers from infectious particles arising from aerosol generating procedures, ventilators, respirators or testing facilities with high concentrations of droplets or airborne diseases. Imposing the duty to provide PPE is therefore central in ensuring healthcare workers are protected from the risks of infection and to realise the aim of delivering patient-centred care to the public. cache = ./cache/cord-333509-dnuakd6h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333509-dnuakd6h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347381-nn6jqqy5 author = Mazzola, Santina M. title = Maintaining Perioperative Safety in Uncertain Times: COVID‐19 Pandemic Response Strategies date = 2020-09-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3413 sentences = 188 flesch = 39 summary = Perioperative and organizational leaders at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (HUP) were challenged to establish and implement a variety of strategies quickly to help ensure patient and staff member safety during the COVID-19 crisis. At HUP, administrators requested that health care leaders and their teams develop protocols to prioritize patient and staff member safety while also conserving the PPE inventory. The HUP leaders consulted the most recent US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and World Health Organization COVID-19 recommendations before deciding to require all employees, patients, and visitors to wear face masks while inside the health care facility. The leaders directed all perioperative personnel to wear a surgical mask during low-risk AGPs on patients who tested negative for COVID-19, a practice unchanged from the standard process used when preparing the sterile field. cache = ./cache/cord-347381-nn6jqqy5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347381-nn6jqqy5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344262-5yk1keg3 author = Evans, Lauran K. title = COVID-19 Drive-Through Point of Screening and Testing (POST) System: A Safe, Efficient, and Adaptable Model for Nasopharyngeal Swab Collection date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4337 sentences = 203 flesch = 55 summary = METHODS: Initially, a small drive-through site was constructed at a converted tuberculosis clinic, but due to an increase in testing needs, an expanded point of screening and testing (POST) system was developed in an event center parking lot to administer tests to a higher volume of patients. CONCLUSIONS: This POST drive-through system serves as an efficient, safe, and adaptable model for high volume COVID-19 nasopharyngeal swabbing that the authors recommend other COVID-19 testing sites nationwide consider adopting for their own use. The authors also believe that the WCHD POST system, similar to those previously reported in the literature, represents a particularly efficient, safe, and adaptable model for COVID-19 testing, and recommend that other COVID-19 testing sites nationwide consider adopting it for their own purposes. The following parameters were collected from the WCHD: COVID-19 tests performed each day, number of required staff and their responsibilities, positive COVID-19 tests per week, PPE use per shift, distances of the POST system route via measurement wheel, and safety concerns. cache = ./cache/cord-344262-5yk1keg3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344262-5yk1keg3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331533-0toegbv8 author = Leiker, Brenna title = COVID – 19 CASE STUDY IN EMERGENCY MEDICINE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE; FROM PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT TO DELIVERGY OF CARE date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 12829 sentences = 570 flesch = 51 summary = The approach to the coronavirus pandemic in the emergency department focused on identification and isolation of infected individuals, adequate protection of staff, reporting of positive cases to the health department, effective treatment, and education of patients and families. APP's in the ICU have been critical in helping fill the gaps where additional staff where needed to care for COVID patients, make calls to update family members, and provide input for treatment protocols We, the authors of this article, work as APP's within the NorthShore emergency department. 1,865 Illinois residents have tested positive for the virus, and 26 have died as of Thursday (03/26) at 2:30 p.m., according to the state's Coronavirus (COVID-19) Response webpage." (Herscowitz, 2020) Despite the virus's rapid spread, NorthShore and IDPH worked to match the testing protocol with the demand within the community. cache = ./cache/cord-331533-0toegbv8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331533-0toegbv8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316063-9bg2dm8e author = Morgan, Marcus title = Why meaning-making matters: the case of the UK Government’s COVID-19 response date = 2020-10-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 25744 sentences = 1020 flesch = 52 summary = The paper also offers more specific contributions to cultural sociology by showing why social performance theory needs to consider the effects of casting non-human actors in social dramas, how metaphor forms a powerful tool of political action through simplifying and shaping complex realities, and how casting can shift responsibility and redefine the meaning of emotionally charged events such as human death. On 28th February, the first death of a British national occurred on the quarantined Diamond Princess cruise ship, and the Sunday Times reported that around the same time Dominic Cummings (Johnson's Chief Advisor, and former director of the successful Vote Leave campaign) had 'outlined the government's strategy' for the UK's national response to the virus 'at a private engagement', quoting those present as claiming that it was 'herd immunity, protect the economy, and if that means some pensioners die, too bad' (Shipman and Wheeler 2020) . cache = ./cache/cord-316063-9bg2dm8e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316063-9bg2dm8e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317884-zni0aj1n author = Shirodkar, Amy-lee title = Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) use among emergency eye care professionals in the UK during the COVID19 pandemic date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1429 sentences = 78 flesch = 55 summary = EEC staff were provided with rapidly changing personal PPE guidance by Public Health England (PHE) with specific subspecialty advice from the British Emergency Eye Care Society (BEECS) and the Royal College of Ophthalmologists (RCOphth) UK during the COVID19 pandemic. BEECS undertook a baseline survey of its members after the initial response from the RCOphth 16/3/20 mirroring Public Health England (PHE) advice and a followup survey after the guidance was updated on 9/4/20. EEC staff were provided with rapidly changing personal PPE guidance by Public Health England (PHE) with specific subspecialty advice from the British Emergency Eye Care Society (BEECS) and the Royal College of Ophthalmologists (RCOphth) UK. BEECS undertook a baseline survey of its members after the initial response from the RCOphth 16/3/20 mirroring Public Health England (PHE) advice and a follow-up survey after the guidance was updated on 9/4/20. cache = ./cache/cord-317884-zni0aj1n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317884-zni0aj1n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317323-wp3vh4c1 author = Kandhari, Rajat title = The changing paradigm of an aesthetic practice during the COVID‐19 pandemic: An expert consensus date = 2020-10-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3108 sentences = 202 flesch = 57 summary = It is pertinent that the physician today understands the infection, disinfection measures, and personal protective equipment to reduce chances of viral transmission and provide safe clinical settings for oneself, the staff and the patients. While certain guidelines and expert consensus have recently been published [2] [3] [4] providing an overview of "safe" working protocols, it appears that we are evolving every day in our practices with respect to "what works" and "what does not." Our article aims to bridge the gap between guidelines and in-clinic experiences to provide a set of best practices to follow for aesthetic procedures after reopening our practices. In contrast, the occurrence of airborne transmission is due to smaller particles, which maybe suspended in the air for long periods and can infect people distant from the source (eg, AGP's)PPE consists of protective apparel and/or equipment designed for providing protection against infectious agents to HCW's and their patients. Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Patients with Suspected or Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Healthcare Settings cache = ./cache/cord-317323-wp3vh4c1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317323-wp3vh4c1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329921-mi71bet3 author = Ogoina, Dimie title = COVID-19: the need to redesign head coverings of personal protective equipment for manual stethoscopes date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 717 sentences = 45 flesch = 52 summary = In light of the absence of alternative technologies, and the need to define the chest signs of severe COVID-19 cases upon admission to our isolation ward, we explored redesigning the head covering of some of our PPE to enable auscultation of the lungs and hearts of COVID-19 patients using manual stethoscopes. The redesigned head covering is worn by a clinician, who can easily place the earpiece of the manual stethoscope into both ears through the refashioned ear pouches of the hood (Figure 1 ). In resource-limited settings where alternative technologies may be lacking, clinicians managing COVID-19 patients should consider redesigning the head covering of PPE to make provisions for the use of manual stethoscopes. Manufacturers of PPE should also consider creating ear pouches as part of the product design of head coverings to allow for the routine use of manual stethoscopes during the care of contagious infectious diseases such as COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-329921-mi71bet3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329921-mi71bet3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318348-7ns7r2g7 author = Bandaru, S V title = The effects of N95 mask and face shield on speech perception among healthcare workers in the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic scenario date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2823 sentences = 165 flesch = 55 summary = This study aimed to assess the effect of using an N95 mask and face shield on speech perception among healthcare workers with normal hearing. Speech reception threshold and speech discrimination score were obtained, first without using personal protective equipment and then repeated with the audiologist wearing an N95 mask and face shield. Our aim was to quantitatively assess the effect of using an N95 mask and face shield on speech understanding among healthcare workers with normal hearing by determining its effect on speech reception thresholds and speech discrimination scores. • N95 masks and face shields are being used to protect from aerosol-related spread of infection • However, this personal protective equipment (PPE) hampers communication • This study found a significant increase in speech reception threshold (mean of 12.4 dB) with PPE use • The speech discrimination score worsened by 7 per cent with PPE (vs without PPE) when stimuli were presented at the same level cache = ./cache/cord-318348-7ns7r2g7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318348-7ns7r2g7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319865-g3qxu6uv author = Frountzas, Maximos title = Personal protective equipment against COVID-19: Vital for surgeons, harmful for patients? date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1309 sentences = 70 flesch = 45 summary = All surgical societies published specific criteria about high-risk surgical procedures and management of oncologic patients with alternative treatment options, such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy, after discussion by virtual Tumor Boards, that included surgeons, medical oncologists and radiologists [3] . Therefore, the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES), followed by most GI surgical communities all over the world, suggested the following PPE during GI surgery of a confirmed or highly suspected COVID-19 patient [7] : Surgical gowns, caps and shoe covers for skin and clothing protection. In addition, 91.3% of the healthcare workers with a primary headache in the past, reported that the prolonged (over 4 hours) use of PPE during COVID-19 outburst worsened their headaches and affected their job performance [9] . The PPE-associated discomfort and side effects during surgery may increase surgeons' anxiety and fatigue while performing difficult operations. cache = ./cache/cord-319865-g3qxu6uv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319865-g3qxu6uv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352233-avov4yxv author = Liu, Antonio title = Philanthropy and Humanity in the Face of a Pandemic – A letter to the editor on “World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19)” (Int J Surg 2020; 76:71-6) date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1026 sentences = 57 flesch = 61 summary = title: Philanthropy and Humanity in the Face of a Pandemic – A letter to the editor on "World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19)" (Int J Surg 2020; 76:71-6) The enormous pressure and struggles to secure sufficient and appropriate PPE for the front -line workers in order to provide safe and compassionate care to the COVID patients inevitably add to the tremendous difficulty we face in combating this aggressive and vicious disease, not only at home in the United States, but also resonating around the world. With no clear indication or assurance of assistance coming from the government, many institutions and organizations have ramped up their philanthropy effort to secure proper equipment and protective gears for their staff. World Health Organization Declares Global Emergency: A Review of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) cache = ./cache/cord-352233-avov4yxv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352233-avov4yxv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320640-5m6sqwq8 author = Kumar, Harender title = COVID-19 Creating another problem? Sustainable solution for PPE disposal through LCA approach date = 2020-10-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4515 sentences = 215 flesch = 48 summary = In the present work, Life Cycle Assessment of PPE kits has been performed using GaBi version 8.7 under two disposal scenarios, namely landfill and incineration (both centralized and decentralized) for six environmental impact categories covering overall impacts on both terrestrial and marine ecosystems, which includes Global Warming Potential (GWP), Human Toxicity Potential (HTP), Eutrophication Potential (EP), Acidification Potential (AP), Freshwater Aquatic Ecotoxicity Potential (FAETP) and Photochemical Ozone Depletion Potential (POCP). With reported cases of COVID-19 infected health and sanitation workers (Satheesh 2020 ; Hindustan times 2020; New India Express 2020), waste management of used infectious safety gears has become a critical component to restrict the spread of novel coronavirus (Bherwani et al. The effective management of coronavirus infectious waste, including PPEs, has been identified by as a key area of concern by regulatory agencies in India, with the release of waste handling-treatment-disposal guidelines generated during treatment-diagnosis-quarantine of COVID-19 patients (CPCB Revision 2020; Aggarwal 2020). cache = ./cache/cord-320640-5m6sqwq8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320640-5m6sqwq8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338365-9sd62a2w author = Patrício Silva, Ana L. title = Increased plastic pollution due to Covid-19 pandemic: challenges and recommendations date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7418 sentences = 354 flesch = 42 summary = This paper provides a comprehensive review on the potential impact of COVID-19 pandemic precautionary measures in the environment while considering the shift on public behaviour and policies towards single-use items and waste management. At first glance COVID-19 pandemic seems to be indirectly contributing towards the UN 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (namely 11, 12, 13, 15 SGDs) by increasing overall health and safety of cities by reducing the greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), outdoor air pollution, environmental noise level (including underwater noise due to reduced marine transportation activities), land and wildlife pressure. While the positive impacts of COVID-19 in the environment are resulting from a "postponed" anthropogenic activity that soon will entail after the pandemic scenario; the negative short-term effects (that are mostly related with plastic use, consumption and waste mismanagement as discussed below) will shortly add-up to the current environmental issues, aggravating their impact in the natural ecosystems and compromising potential mitigation/remediation measures. cache = ./cache/cord-338365-9sd62a2w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338365-9sd62a2w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352902-isc3ek67 author = Powell, Adam W. title = The Adaptation of Pediatric Exercise Testing Programs to the Coronavirus/COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2773 sentences = 147 flesch = 42 summary = The primary aims of this study were to (1) better understand current practice patterns in pediatric exercise laboratories in the United States and Canada, (2) assess local and institutional management during the COVID-19 pandemic, and (3) investigate how centers are affected by the lifting of hospital restrictions for COVID-19. Data were recorded regarding program location, changes to exercise laboratory staffing and operational protocols, current PPE use, changes to exercise testing protocols including deviations in measuring metabolic indicators of fitness, baseline pulmonary function testing, and noninvasive measures of cardiac output. Among the programs surveyed, 66% (23/35) reported discontinuing all exercise testing for a period of time during the COVID-19 pandemic, 31% (11/35) continued testing but only for patients triaged by medical need, and 3% (1/35) did not alter testing protocols. Specifically, the authors would like to thank all the pediatric exercise laboratories that responded to this survey for completing this item and for all the effort and diligence they have placed in caring for their patients and staff during the pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-352902-isc3ek67.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352902-isc3ek67.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346894-iy35298o author = Miranda-Schaeubinger, Monica title = A primer for pediatric radiologists on infection control in an era of COVID-19 date = 2020-07-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7262 sentences = 372 flesch = 42 summary = In pediatric radiology departments, the risk involved ranges from low (e.g., office workers, remote workers, telemedicine) to very high (e.g., workers performing aerosol-generating procedures on known or suspected COVID-19 patients), depending on the job task assigned [28, 29] . Standard precautions to minimize the spread of infection within health care facilities from direct contact with contaminations include hand hygiene, use of PPE based on anticipated contact with contaminated material, respiratory hygiene/ cough etiquette, cleaning and disinfection of the environment, and proper handling of patient care equipment and waste [10] . Appropriate personal protective equipment usage stratified by COVID-19 status (Table 3) Because of the possibility of airborne transmission of the virus, the CDC recommends respirators for care of all patients with COVID-19 if adequate supplies are available. For all aerosol-generating procedures in children who have either unknown or confirmed positive COVID-19 status, radiologists should adhere to the highest level of respiratory protection available: a respirator, an eye shield, a disposable gown and gloves. cache = ./cache/cord-346894-iy35298o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346894-iy35298o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349008-x750xe8n author = Ertl-Wagner, Birgit B. title = Preparedness for the COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary pediatric radiology department date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6373 sentences = 294 flesch = 42 summary = cache = ./cache/cord-349008-x750xe8n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349008-x750xe8n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346176-w6uaet7l author = Nayeri, Shadi title = Conducting Translational Gastrointestinal Research in the Era of COVID-19 date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3097 sentences = 213 flesch = 49 summary = In this document we provide a suggested roadmap for resuming gastrointestinal translational research activities, emphasising physical distancing and use of personal protective equipment. We discuss modes of virus transmission in enclosed environments [including clinical workplaces and laboratories] and potential risks of exposure in the endoscopy environment for research staff. Efforts focus primarily on physical distancing, use of PHASE personal protective equipment [PPE] , and addressing capacity needs of health care systems to deal with the outbreak. Local and institutional guidance is required to resume translational research activities, including patient interactions. • Invitation of persons currently infected with SARS-CoV-2 from the community into the research environment would cause unnecessary and inappropriate risk of viral transmission. These guidelines address safety precautions in relevant workspaces [including laboratory and endoscopy environments] as well as in specific research activities such as sample collection, handling, and transportation. cache = ./cache/cord-346176-w6uaet7l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346176-w6uaet7l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330333-un8lvw5o author = Pieterse, Pieternella title = Locally produced personal protective equipment can offer hospital staff protection against Covid‐19 if combined with surgical masks and rigorous personal protective equipment cleaning routine date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1135 sentences = 60 flesch = 54 summary = Locally made, washable and reusable personal protective equipment (PPE), used in combination with N95 masks that were reused safely, has proven to be a viable alternative to disposable gowns and caps for hospital staff in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Muhimbili University Hospital's children's cancer ward in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, developed locally made PPE and created rigorous cleaning and disinfecting protocols, when the daily use of imported, disposable materials were not an option. In early March, when there were mere rumours of the virus across the continent, the children's oncology ward management decided that everyone (including administrators, cleaners, patients and guardians, as well as nurses and doctors), would wear a mask at all times regardless of symptoms, and carry disinfectant gel to clean hands as frequently as possible. Locally produced personal protective equipment can offer hospital staff protection against Covid-19 if combined with surgical masks and rigorous personal protective equipment cleaning routine cache = ./cache/cord-330333-un8lvw5o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330333-un8lvw5o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327595-00fxzyhq author = nan title = American Geriatrics Society (AGS) Policy Brief: COVID‐19 and Assisted Living Facilities date = 2020-05-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3214 sentences = 164 flesch = 52 summary = This policy brief sets forth the American Geriatrics Society's (AGS's) recommendations to guide federal, state, and local governments when making decisions about care for older adults in assisted living facilities (ALFs) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. ALFs, other congregate living settings (eg, NHs, residential care facilities for older adults, continuing care retirement communities), and home healthcare agencies (eg, Visiting Nurse Association) must be included as priorities when estimating what is needed for the US coordinated response to COVID-19. For older adults residing in ALFs and other congregate living settings, screening for COVID-19 will be particularly important for protecting the health and safety of their communities. This includes the ability to isolate or cohort the resident(s) separately from the rest of the community and provide dedicated staff to meet increased care needs for people with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-327595-00fxzyhq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327595-00fxzyhq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324654-nnojaupv author = Vordos, Nick title = How 3D Printing and Social Media Tackles the PPE Shortage during Covid – 19 Pandemic date = 2020-06-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3043 sentences = 160 flesch = 54 summary = During the recent Covid-19 pandemic, additive Technology and Social Media were used to tackle the shortage of Personal Protective Equipment. They explore how 3D printed designs were utilized to address the Covid-19 pandemic, as well how the QALY model can be applied in this case to measure the effects of the use of PPE. The ultimate goal of the article is to highlight the use of Social Media and additive technology in general from common users, to address the lack of basic personal protective equipment or even parts of machinery used by health professionals. Patients using PPE gained quality of life compared to health worker professionals from Europe or US, without the usage of PPEs. This study examined the way individual social media users and 3D printer owners tackle the PPE shortage during a pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-324654-nnojaupv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324654-nnojaupv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339517-93nuovsj author = Consolo, Ugo title = Epidemiological Aspects and Psychological Reactions to COVID-19 of Dental Practitioners in the Northern Italy Districts of Modena and Reggio Emilia date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5652 sentences = 268 flesch = 49 summary = The one-way ANOVA showed a main effect of age group for perceived patient's likelihood of contracting the infection (F 2,353 -Statistic = 1157, p < 0.001), and reported levels of concern about the professional future ( To the question "During clinical activity, which measures do you use to prevent COVID-19 infection?", dentists replied highlighting a good knowledge of what is reported in the most recent indications from the literature. To the question "Which aids do you think could help dental professionals during COVID-19 pandemic?", for which two preferences could be expressed, the dentists replied indicating "Economic relieves from Italian government" (65.7%), "Social security institutions support and subsidy" (44.1%)," Economic relieves from dental associations" (32.1%) and "Improvement of communication with patients" (8.1%). cache = ./cache/cord-339517-93nuovsj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339517-93nuovsj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355827-e38itktq author = Adisesh, Anil title = COVID-19 in Canada and the use of Personal Protective Equipment date = 2020-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1356 sentences = 65 flesch = 50 summary = It lists specific micro-organisms including the virus responsible for SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), for which contact and droplet precautions are advised, except during aerosol-generating medical procedures, when airborne precautions are to be instituted. The routine practices and additional precautions lay out in some detail the PPE to be used together with descriptions of the different types of medical grade gloves, masks and respirators, and eye protection. It is noteworthy that if this approach were followed for exposure to SARS-CoV-2, a biosafety Risk Group 3 organism [7], the choice of respiratory protection for any patient encounter for suspected or known COVID-19 disease would be at least a filtering face-piece respirator. Canada usually tends to align closely with US practices, but it is notable that the guidance from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is different in recommending an N95 respirator in all situations for a patient suspected or known to have COVID-19 [9] . cache = ./cache/cord-355827-e38itktq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355827-e38itktq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351527-u12obtvp author = Harvey, Jessica title = Perspectives COVID-19 and PPE in context: an interview with China date = 2020-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1528 sentences = 86 flesch = 65 summary = In addition, the time taken to transport product ex-China has increased-previously our freight forwarder could move express items to the UK within 3 working days direct from our Chinese factories by air. We are advising our customers to seriously consider ordering with a buffer of 1-3 months worth of stock as lead time for PPE such as gowns and aprons is now up to 30 days including shipping to the UK even via express air freight. Under the extensive lead times currently required (and increasing) and the inherent uncertainty in the situation we are advising our customers, including NHS and care homes, to put in orders now and plan to stock up for the near future'. New rules imposed by the Chinese government mean that PPE for the international market is subject to stricter quality requirements compared to the products meant for the local Chinese health service. cache = ./cache/cord-351527-u12obtvp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351527-u12obtvp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332083-135iic7m author = Xia, Wei title = The Physical and Psychological Effects of Personal Protective Equipment on Health Care Workers in Wuhan, China: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study date = 2020-09-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4734 sentences = 255 flesch = 55 summary = INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to rapidly quantify the safety measures regarding donning and doffing personal protective equipment, complaints of discomfort caused by wearing personal protective equipment, and the psychological perceptions of health care workers in hospitals in Wuhan, China, responding to the outbreak. Detailed donning and doffing procedures are described in the Supplementary Figure The purpose of this study was to rapidly quantify the safety measures of donning and doffing PPE, complaints of discomfort caused by wearing PPE, and the psychological perceptions of HCWs in hospitals in Wuhan, China, responding to the COVID-19 outbreak. Because our participants were all HCWs in Wuhan hospitals, we divided their demographic information as follows: the demographic variables included sex (male or female); age (20-30 years, 30-40 years, 40-50 years, and >50 years); occupation (physician, nurse, pharmacist, medical technician, or other); workplace (a designated hospital for patients critically ill with severe COVID-19; an undesignated hospital for patients uninfected with COVID-19; and Fangcang Hospital for patients with mild symptoms of COVID-19); and department (general isolation ward, intensive care unit [ICU], emergency department for patients with fevers, and other). cache = ./cache/cord-332083-135iic7m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332083-135iic7m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319567-4t5t8bcx author = Şentürk, Mert title = Thoracic Anesthesia of Patients with Suspected or Confirmed 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection: Preliminary Recommendations for Airway Management by the EACTA Thoracic Subspecialty Committee date = 2020-04-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4325 sentences = 264 flesch = 48 summary = Recognizing the unique risks of intubation and mechanical ventilation in these high-risk groups and the high potential of infection risk to healthcare workers, several useful reports, algorithms and society endorsed recommendations have emerged in the recent literature regarding the general airway and anesthesia management of these patients. Anaesthesia Subspecialty group has considered these challenges and developed a preliminary set of expert recommendations regarding the airway management and ventilation of COVID-19 thoracic patients. The group has considered a broad spectrum of issues regarding thoracic anesthesia in COVID-19 patients and decided to focus on overall approaches to general and specific aspects of airway management, preparation for anaesthesia, lung isolation/separation and ventilation.  Tracheal intubation in COVID-19 patients for thoracic surgery is a high-risk procedure for the anesthesia team because of the risks of aerosol transmission of the infection during placement of the airway device and check bronchoscopy. cache = ./cache/cord-319567-4t5t8bcx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319567-4t5t8bcx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330737-6khv4kbj author = Cohen, Jennifer title = Contributing factors to personal protective equipment shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-10-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5589 sentences = 256 flesch = 49 summary = Problems from a dysfunctional costing model in hospital operating systems were magnified by a very large demand shock triggered by acute need in healthcare and panicked marketplace behavior that depleted domestic PPE inventories. Removing the profit motive for purchasing PPE in hospital costing models and pursuing strategic industrial policy to reduce the US dependence on imported PPE will both help to better protect healthcare workers with adequate supplies of PPE. Since early 2020 the US has experienced a severe shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) needed by healthcare workers fighting the COVID-19 pandemic (Emanuel et al., 2020; Livingston, Desai, & Berkwits, 2020) . We now turn to our analysis of PPE shortages, which identifies on four contributing factors: the way that hospitals budget for PPE, domestic demand shocks, federal government failures, and disruptions to the global supply chain (Figure 2 ). cache = ./cache/cord-330737-6khv4kbj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330737-6khv4kbj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334808-ds5yrr4w author = Liawrungrueang, Wongthawat title = Response to: Management of Traumatic Spinal Fracture in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Situation date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 651 sentences = 46 flesch = 59 summary = I am wondering what your institute uses specifically for "full personal protective equipment (PPE)" for the high risk patients, i.e., National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health-approved (N95) respirator, face shield, etc. Our reply: In this review article, the authors concluded that an algorithm could help make decisions about surgical interventions for spine injuries in patients who are at risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to prevent surgeons and nurses from contracting the virus. In this situation, where the health care professionals are in contact with a high-risk patient, the surgeons and nurses could use full PPE suits (Fig. 1A) . by anesthesiologists (B) , and intraoperative standard with full PPE according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines (C). Management of traumatic spinal fracture in the coronavirus disease 2019 situation cache = ./cache/cord-334808-ds5yrr4w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334808-ds5yrr4w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337785-fwo0r4bb author = Mercer, Scott Thomas title = A Comparative Study Looking at Trauma and Orthopaedic Operating Efficiency in the COVID-19 Era date = 2020-10-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2301 sentences = 149 flesch = 54 summary = No increase in surgical time was observed in hand and wrist surgery or for debridement and washouts. The other increases in time demonstrated can largely be attributed to the PPE required for aerosol generating procedures and other measures taken to reduce spread of the virus. During the pandemic due to redeployment of staff members and overall reduced trauma/ urgent orthopaedic cases, we had 2 all day lists from 8am to 8pm. A further sub-group analysis of hand and wrist surgery showed that there was no significant increase in surgical time in 2020 (Table 5) . Changes implemented during COVID-19 have led to a significant reduction in the efficiency of ORs. This will have significant effect on increased waiting times for elective surgery. Increasing frequency of regional anaesthesia concurrently with safe non-aerosol generating surgeries may improve operating room efficiency however, further research is needed to prove this. cache = ./cache/cord-337785-fwo0r4bb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337785-fwo0r4bb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334124-w9jww3hk author = Murphy, David L title = Occupational exposures and programmatic response to COVID-19 pandemic: an emergency medical services experience date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4091 sentences = 213 flesch = 50 summary = We reviewed dispatch, EMS and public health surveillance records to evaluate the temporal relationship between exposure and programmatic changes to EMS operations designed to identify high-risk patients, protect the workforce and conserve PPE. We evaluated all 9-1-1 EMS responses to patients with COVID-19 to (1) determine occupational exposure, related workforce quarantine and potential transmission, and (2) understand how programmatic changes influenced occupational exposure, workforce quarantine and PPE use amidst the COVID-19 outbreak in Seattle and King County. The study is a retrospective cohort investigation of EMS providers responding to 9-1-1 calls for laboratory-confirmed COVID-19-positive patients in King County, Washington, USA between 14 February 2020 and 26 March 2020. The series of practice changes involving dispatch advisement, patient COVID-19 risk criteria and initial EMS scene deployment were associated with a temporal increase in adequate PPE use and conversely a decrease in EMS provider exposures (figure 2, p<0.01). cache = ./cache/cord-334124-w9jww3hk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334124-w9jww3hk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355431-efwuy8p9 author = Ambrosio, Luca title = The role of the orthopaedic surgeon in the COVID-19 era: cautions and perspectives date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4988 sentences = 259 flesch = 38 summary = Due to the higher protective potential, the WHO recommends that all healthcare workers should wear a respirator (≥FFP2/N95) when performing AGPs. In all other situations, wearing a surgical mask is reasonably safe when providing direct care to COVID-19 patients, especially in case of respirator scarcity [51, 58] . (1) Patient and provider safety: interpersonal distancing is required together with proper use of PPE and patient contact restricted to the minimum needed; (2) Provision of necessary care: orthopaedic residents must continue to participate in the diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders; (3) System sustainability: resident workforce should be disposed to obtain the maximum output with minimum effort in respect of resource availability and institutional necessities; (4) System flexibility: the strategy should be tailored to the evolving pandemic and able to adapt to future unpredictable changes; (5) Preservation of command and control: hospital overload, redeployment in COVID-19 departments and disruption of the daily routine are posing a significant stress for residents and trainees. cache = ./cache/cord-355431-efwuy8p9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355431-efwuy8p9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349740-xed4aybr author = Wang, Yulong title = Recommendations of protective measures for orthopedic surgeons during COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4260 sentences = 212 flesch = 47 summary = The appropriate protective measures for orthopedic surgeons and patients were reviewed (on-site first aid, emergency room, operating room, isolation wards, general ward, etc.) during the entire diagnosis and treatment process of traumatic patients. To avoid occupational transmission of COVID-19 to medical staff, appropriate protective measures taken by orthopedic surgeons during pandemic in different sites from pre-hospital, emergency diagnosis and treatment, emergency surgery, anesthesia, and perioperative management are of great importance. Lessons learnt from our experience provide some recommendations of protective measures during the entire diagnosis and treatment process of traumatic patients and help others to manage orthopedic patients with COVID-19, to reduce the risk of cross-infection between patients and to protect healthcare workers during work. Lessons learnt from our experience provide some recommendations of protective measures during the entire diagnosis and treatment process of traumatic patients and help others to manage orthopedic patients with COVID-19, to reduce the risk of cross-infection between patients and to protect healthcare workers during work. cache = ./cache/cord-349740-xed4aybr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349740-xed4aybr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332815-1w1ikj7q author = Zhan, Mingkun title = Lesson Learned from China Regarding Use of Personal Protective Equipment date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2481 sentences = 153 flesch = 59 summary = METHODS: Based on their prior experience with the 2003 SARS epidemic, health authorities in China recognized the need for personal protective equipment (PPE). Existing PPE and protocols were limited and reflected early experience with SARS; however, as additional PPE supplies became available, designated COVID-19 hospitals in Hubei Province adopted the World Health Organization guidelines for Ebola to create a protocol specific for treating patients with COVID-19. The paper focuses primarily on the use of PPE to help prevent transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to HCWs. The aim is to provide more detail regarding level-3 protection protocols used at designated COVID-19 hospitals in Hubei Province to prevent the spread of the virus to HCWs. The methods to protect HCWs, designated as level-3 protection in China, included a personal protection protocol for proper use of PPE with coveralls and procedures for changes to the flow of patients and personnel through the designated COVID-19 hospitals. cache = ./cache/cord-332815-1w1ikj7q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332815-1w1ikj7q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-356041-tc2cumv2 author = Cotrin, Paula title = Healthcare Workers in Brazil during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey date = 2020-10-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5188 sentences = 274 flesch = 52 summary = This study compared the impact of COVID-19 pandemic among three categories of healthcare workers in Brazil: physicians, nurses, and dentists, about workload, income, protection, training, feelings, behavior, and level of concern and anxiety. The healthcare workers reported a significant impact of COVID-19 pandemic in their income, workload and anxiety, with differences among physicians, nurses and dentists. This way, this study aimed to compare the impact of COVID-19 pandemic in the healthcare workers: physicians, nurses, and dentists, regarding workload, income, PPE, training, behavior, feelings, and level of anxiety. Inclusion criteria were: healthcare workers (physicians, nurses or dentists), above 22 years of age, working in the front line of the pandemic in private and public hospitals, healthcare units and private clinics, but not necessarily with direct contact with COVID-19 infected patients. cache = ./cache/cord-356041-tc2cumv2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-356041-tc2cumv2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337633-arivuags author = Perkins, Douglas Jay title = COVID-19 Global Pandemic Planning: Decontamination and Reuse Processes for N95 Respirators date = 2020-04-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2870 sentences = 154 flesch = 44 summary = Here, we describe the development of a process that began in late February 2020 for selecting and implementing the use of hydrogen peroxide vapor (HPV) as viable method to reprocess N95 respirators. Since pre-existing HPV decontamination chambers were not available, we optimized the sterilization process in an operating room after experiencing initial challenges in other environments. Details are provided about the prioritization and implementation of processes for collection and storage, pre-processing, HPV decontamination, and post-processing of filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs). The primary means of protecting frontline healthcare personnel (HCP) from contracting COVID-19 is through the proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE), such as N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs). The two most important lessons learned from our experience are: 1) develop an adequate reserve of PPE for efficiently implementing the reprocessing workflow, and 2) locate a suitable environment for the HPV decontamination procedure, such as an operating room, which has the pre-existing conditions required for conducing the HPV decontamination process. cache = ./cache/cord-337633-arivuags.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337633-arivuags.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342810-41dghl0c author = Nguyen, Thanh N. title = Subarachnoid hemorrhage guidance in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic -An opinion to mitigate exposure and conserve personal protective equipment date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3908 sentences = 196 flesch = 41 summary = Previously established SAH treatment protocols are impractical to impossible to adhere to in the current COVID-19 crisis due to the need for infection containment and shortage of critical care resources, including personal protective equipment (PPE). Previously established SAH treatment protocols are impractical to impossible to adhere to in the current Coronavirus-Disease-2019 (COVID-19) crisis due to the need for infection containment and shortage of critical care resources, including personal protective equipment (PPE) and health care providers. When a patient with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 is at risk for impending respiratory failure (i.e. orthopnea or respiratory distress lying flat, high oxygen requirement, rapid neurological decline), consider early and controlled intubation in a negative pressure room in the ER/ICU/OR with staff wearing full PPE including N95 mask, gown, double gloves, face shield or per local institutional COVID-19 intubation policy. cache = ./cache/cord-342810-41dghl0c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342810-41dghl0c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341715-8h57tppr author = Sernicola, Alvise title = Treatment of nasal bridge ulceration related to protective measures for the COVID‐19 epidemic date = 2020-05-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1157 sentences = 56 flesch = 46 summary = Effective use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is of paramount importance to reduce the rates of infection among medical personnel, which is a leading cause of nosocomial spread among hospitalised patients and of loss of response capacity for health facilities, with HCWs constituting up to nine percent of total COVID-19 cases. 9 A 2019 study analysed the use of hydrocolloid medication in patients requiring NIV demonstrating a significantly reduced incidence of grade 2 pressure ulcers when a preventative hydrocolloid dressing was positioned on the nasal bridge compared with when the NIV mask was directly applied. We propose the use of a hydrocolloid dressing that successfully treated nasal bridge ulceration in our patient, to be applied as a simple and effective protection procedure in this setting, thanks to the specific properties of this advanced medication. The preventative effect of hydrocolloid dressings on Nasal bridge pressure ulceration in acute noninvasive ventilation cache = ./cache/cord-341715-8h57tppr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341715-8h57tppr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343865-wbd0hqqc author = Singh, Ajay title = Real-Time Remote Surveillance of Doffing During COVID-19 Pandemic: Enhancing Safety of Health Care Workers date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 501 sentences = 38 flesch = 53 summary = Worldwide a significant number of health care workers (HCWs) have been infected till to date with Asia-Pacific region reporting 35 deaths and over 4000 quarantined cases, as on April 3, 2020. Effective use of PPE by HCWs is an integral part of COVID-19 prevention in the health care setting. Two-way audio-visual communication system with closed circuit television (CCTV) cameras in the doffing area has the potential to ensure HCW safety from the offsite location through a trained observer, qualified to guide round the clock (Figure) . He will communicate, visually inspect, protect, and guide HCWs through the protocols of doffing PPE. Rational use of personal protective equipment (PPE) for coronavirus disease (COVID-19): interim guidance Use of personal protective equipment among health care personnel: results of clinical observations and simulations Alternative doffing strategies of personal protective equipment to prevent self-contamination in the health care setting cache = ./cache/cord-343865-wbd0hqqc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343865-wbd0hqqc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352324-tle14vtm author = Martini, Chiara title = Phase 3 of COVID-19: treat your patients and care for your radiographers. A designed projection for an aware and innovative radiology department. date = 2020-10-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2547 sentences = 153 flesch = 51 summary = The aim of this document is therefore to provide useful and operative recommendations to radiographers who perform imaging services, such as chest X-ray (XR) and Computer Tomography (CT) scans to three types of patients: negative, suspected or suffering from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome by Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The aim of this document is therefore to provide useful and operative recommendations to radiographers who perform imaging services, such as chest X-ray (XR) and Computer Tomography (CT) scans to three types of patients: negative, suspected or suffering from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome by Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The aim of this document is therefore to provide useful operative recommendations to radiographers who perform imaging services, such as chest X-ray (XR) and Computer Tomography (CT) scans, aimed at three kinds of patients: negative, suspected or suffering from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome by Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). cache = ./cache/cord-352324-tle14vtm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352324-tle14vtm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348038-9v16k6gi author = Bagnasco, Annamaria title = COVID 19—A message from Italy to the global nursing community date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1283 sentences = 62 flesch = 60 summary = With the global pandemic now accelerating in areas of the world yet to see Italian levels of infection, it is vital that PPE equipment is procured and delivered to the COVID-19 front-line critical care environments. Learn also from Italian nurses' experiences of the harm long-term use of PPE: facial lesions and sores produced by the pressure and sweat caused by masks and goggles worn far beyond the usual time frame in normal clinical practice. To healthcare providers and policy makers in areas at the start of their COVID-19 epidemic, our message is to plan for the replacement of staff in critical care areasthink about how this will be done, how they can be prepared and how you plan to recall recently retired nurses back to the hospitals. One last but very important lesson from the epidemic is the need to plan for the possibility of caring for patients in their own homes. cache = ./cache/cord-348038-9v16k6gi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348038-9v16k6gi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345210-6f8niif5 author = Tadavarthy, Silpa N. title = Developing and Implementing an Infection Prevention and Control Program for a COVID-19 Alternative Care Site in Philadelphia, PA date = 2020-07-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4228 sentences = 208 flesch = 51 summary = The rapid creation and unusual configuration of this facility, together with the challenges of new clinical teams unfamiliar with one another, and working together in uncomfortable PPE to provide high-quality patient care, necessitated some basic approaches to the development of our IPC program. The plan identified the need for engineering controls (e.g. specifications for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems) and specified occupational IPC health and safety requirements, including PPE standards, daily monitoring of staff for acute illness, sanitation standards for both hand hygiene and equipment sanitation, as well as laundry and waste management recommendations. Key lessons learned included the need to: develop strategies to cope with real and potential shortages of critical supplies; adapt existing guidance for unique sites of care; standardize and continually assess staff use of PPE and fundamental IPC practices; and the importance of communication of IPC principles and concerns throughout the planning and management of this COVID ACS. cache = ./cache/cord-345210-6f8niif5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345210-6f8niif5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355577-w1yhtbz8 author = Kowalski, Luiz Paulo title = Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Activity of Physicians Working in the Areas of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4750 sentences = 253 flesch = 50 summary = Conclusion The study demonstrated a direct impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the clinical practice of specialties related to the treatment of patients with diseases of the head and neck region already in the beginning of the illness management in Brazil. Specifically, we collected data regarding the impact of de COVID-19 pandemic on: 1) the amount and type of outpatient appointments, surgeries and exams with the risk of generating aerosols; 2) availability of adequate PPE in different settings and practices; 3) the preparedness of the responder's health institution in orienting their HCPs and developing strategies to manage COVID-19 suspected and confirmed patients. Although the pandemic is already in its 7 th week in Brazil, since the identification of the 1 st case, 45.3% and 48.8% of physicians in the private and public sectors, respectively, reported that they had not received face-to-face or distance training in the management of confirmed or suspected patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-355577-w1yhtbz8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355577-w1yhtbz8.txt ===== Reducing email addresses cord-002885-dhdyxnr3 cord-290653-48swl1aq cord-335638-p84nmtfp Creating transaction Updating adr table ===== Reducing keywords cord-011413-yv4x8viu cord-009432-0ahamczt cord-271048-tq1sk01g cord-029722-85h5060v cord-267996-5l9shks8 cord-016223-nk8xwa0t cord-277167-qdi6hu82 cord-258498-0mvxwo3w cord-102456-6jt4ksha cord-272585-346ef6qy cord-264614-2x7cdul3 cord-295322-9kye4w9g cord-026765-cw4rh1on cord-258504-pnd46ipd cord-035137-uxtaw02u cord-028285-n4dommet cord-031378-iy67xnec cord-259984-csdf1a69 cord-025623-1v9614f8 cord-285960-1zuhilmu cord-294916-xc9ozxyn cord-274477-jkjyh4cs cord-281762-qwlfikfl cord-287303-b7vg439c cord-027880-1apexs6o cord-276945-gly0stxm cord-279396-qmixem8i cord-264479-s20oacr9 cord-268874-ldja6aa4 cord-258965-g47n531n cord-270156-qrzjgzyk cord-271603-zy4l9vtf cord-253933-29tedkf8 cord-277350-zwu254n6 cord-286977-330p60oh cord-281099-l2i7r1bp cord-002246-er9kqdjw cord-266905-j9ljwqv0 cord-028605-ehercdou cord-281627-8cq18gja cord-283900-4pa93xqi cord-281403-yl7jdarm cord-256112-zg63v8hh cord-205941-npp6566r cord-287707-ng0ha3vv cord-269900-7mzyib4r cord-295305-dfulr6nu cord-299346-f13xly6q cord-007571-xzm36og6 cord-293055-8scoocvx cord-021907-omruua6n cord-017569-fv88n70v cord-271925-85bixn27 cord-002885-dhdyxnr3 cord-305146-iprzeigk cord-032498-5ugoi1tu cord-302902-34vftqt9 cord-255264-2kj961en parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 95. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. cord-253135-0tun7fjk cord-028595-p7cn71t5 cord-305419-l68ewxar 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cord-316682-4360s2yu cord-309521-2cb992u1 cord-317574-wyzscmtr cord-310285-ua894psi cord-316918-mz5r7yiy cord-311795-kvv3fx2n cord-318660-47dqa1dd cord-319232-qowtuhh6 cord-322382-p46slvka cord-316632-rr9f88oi cord-316327-0hpthrjo cord-316157-7nci4q1q cord-316718-7gtgqmcn cord-321443-89o13sox cord-314507-fgrvrlht cord-311401-7ugqjg5c cord-335477-po201szv cord-333554-0wlgg450 cord-323008-xk89ew1b cord-330666-puhijixa cord-335648-lbmhprjn cord-339614-28s205p8 cord-332932-mq36xpai cord-335638-p84nmtfp cord-322871-cf4mn0pu cord-342666-7el8o6qq cord-314492-483rn3aw cord-318944-13zk6cco cord-329268-0zhabgkt cord-337499-jzpgtkai cord-331978-y4uo7o8g cord-330870-l0ryikhv cord-341531-w788qwya cord-335704-qejpc4x8 cord-342642-qzoowc97 cord-340887-k88hchau cord-314460-dbrp4vxc cord-340799-1awmtj52 cord-315358-22srds0e cord-348614-im7qtr9k cord-345806-3ghtpji4 cord-333509-dnuakd6h cord-347381-nn6jqqy5 cord-331533-0toegbv8 cord-344262-5yk1keg3 cord-316063-9bg2dm8e cord-317323-wp3vh4c1 cord-317884-zni0aj1n cord-320640-5m6sqwq8 cord-338365-9sd62a2w cord-346894-iy35298o cord-352902-isc3ek67 cord-349008-x750xe8n cord-319865-g3qxu6uv cord-324654-nnojaupv cord-327595-00fxzyhq cord-329921-mi71bet3 cord-339517-93nuovsj cord-355827-e38itktq cord-332083-135iic7m cord-319567-4t5t8bcx cord-330737-6khv4kbj cord-355431-efwuy8p9 cord-334124-w9jww3hk cord-349740-xed4aybr cord-352233-avov4yxv cord-332815-1w1ikj7q cord-356041-tc2cumv2 cord-337785-fwo0r4bb cord-342810-41dghl0c cord-352324-tle14vtm cord-318348-7ns7r2g7 cord-330333-un8lvw5o cord-346176-w6uaet7l cord-351527-u12obtvp cord-334808-ds5yrr4w cord-337633-arivuags cord-355577-w1yhtbz8 cord-348038-9v16k6gi cord-343865-wbd0hqqc cord-345210-6f8niif5 cord-341715-8h57tppr Creating transaction Updating wrd table ===== Reducing urls cord-258498-0mvxwo3w cord-026765-cw4rh1on cord-264479-s20oacr9 cord-268874-ldja6aa4 cord-258965-g47n531n cord-270156-qrzjgzyk cord-253933-29tedkf8 cord-281099-l2i7r1bp cord-271603-zy4l9vtf cord-256112-zg63v8hh cord-296306-xcomjvaa cord-205941-npp6566r cord-293055-8scoocvx cord-007571-xzm36og6 cord-017569-fv88n70v cord-002885-dhdyxnr3 cord-255264-2kj961en cord-253135-0tun7fjk cord-032498-5ugoi1tu cord-295514-vhymj0rw cord-284640-tl9nmvog cord-284374-sqxlnk9e cord-131678-rvg1ayp2 cord-272726-ljjirt4g cord-276758-k2imddzr cord-269826-l44xbgok cord-273748-xy4f5kon cord-297704-70nbsrl4 cord-309956-topo2bc6 cord-313528-rp15vi1o cord-314517-n1yj2zdy cord-309521-2cb992u1 cord-310944-tfn0ltrz cord-319232-qowtuhh6 cord-316632-rr9f88oi cord-316157-7nci4q1q cord-311401-7ugqjg5c cord-330666-puhijixa cord-335648-lbmhprjn cord-329268-0zhabgkt cord-330870-l0ryikhv cord-315358-22srds0e cord-347381-nn6jqqy5 cord-331533-0toegbv8 cord-338365-9sd62a2w cord-352902-isc3ek67 cord-346894-iy35298o cord-330333-un8lvw5o cord-327595-00fxzyhq cord-334808-ds5yrr4w cord-356041-tc2cumv2 cord-337633-arivuags cord-348038-9v16k6gi Creating transaction Updating url table ===== Reducing named entities cord-009432-0ahamczt cord-011413-yv4x8viu cord-271048-tq1sk01g cord-029722-85h5060v cord-267996-5l9shks8 cord-277167-qdi6hu82 cord-016223-nk8xwa0t cord-258498-0mvxwo3w cord-102456-6jt4ksha cord-272585-346ef6qy cord-295322-9kye4w9g cord-026765-cw4rh1on cord-258504-pnd46ipd cord-264614-2x7cdul3 cord-031378-iy67xnec cord-035137-uxtaw02u cord-028285-n4dommet cord-259984-csdf1a69 cord-025623-1v9614f8 cord-274477-jkjyh4cs cord-285960-1zuhilmu cord-294916-xc9ozxyn cord-281762-qwlfikfl cord-287303-b7vg439c cord-276945-gly0stxm cord-027880-1apexs6o cord-279396-qmixem8i cord-264479-s20oacr9 cord-268874-ldja6aa4 cord-258965-g47n531n cord-271603-zy4l9vtf cord-253933-29tedkf8 cord-270156-qrzjgzyk cord-281099-l2i7r1bp cord-281627-8cq18gja cord-277350-zwu254n6 cord-266905-j9ljwqv0 cord-283900-4pa93xqi cord-028605-ehercdou cord-281403-yl7jdarm cord-002246-er9kqdjw cord-021907-omruua6n cord-286977-330p60oh cord-256112-zg63v8hh cord-293055-8scoocvx cord-269900-7mzyib4r cord-287707-ng0ha3vv cord-205941-npp6566r cord-296306-xcomjvaa cord-299346-f13xly6q cord-295305-dfulr6nu cord-017569-fv88n70v cord-002885-dhdyxnr3 cord-302902-34vftqt9 cord-007571-xzm36og6 cord-305146-iprzeigk cord-032498-5ugoi1tu cord-255264-2kj961en cord-028595-p7cn71t5 cord-305419-l68ewxar cord-253135-0tun7fjk cord-266173-gmz6oxf6 cord-267791-v10eh408 cord-271925-85bixn27 cord-272182-5lunidrs cord-295514-vhymj0rw cord-284640-tl9nmvog cord-280419-odqo3o4w cord-305503-j5e6fp61 cord-131678-rvg1ayp2 cord-284374-sqxlnk9e cord-273303-g86w0xt5 cord-270348-5804ffwx cord-305262-23qylbmg cord-299592-ymurfkbs cord-272726-ljjirt4g cord-287653-69nfi379 cord-276265-gjqqfudb cord-269826-l44xbgok cord-294557-4h0sybiy cord-276758-k2imddzr cord-294591-793ywpcd cord-302463-uw7xantz cord-284484-oak1lfmi cord-285804-lyj9tua8 cord-284274-9uu7yflt cord-270781-f9nra823 cord-290456-cgrn5c36 cord-273748-xy4f5kon cord-297704-70nbsrl4 cord-297863-ou432md0 cord-301582-922zyhti cord-290653-48swl1aq cord-302987-znogutwp cord-301402-andxwyi3 cord-306090-i8sriw08 cord-307697-ds4uw7y1 cord-306770-hjzlj8k3 cord-308409-0n2ysgsa cord-309324-vatugz84 cord-310104-1c7q9m06 cord-309956-topo2bc6 cord-308100-tvk47fd7 cord-309751-7elnvjk3 cord-313528-rp15vi1o cord-316126-j51dik7f cord-314517-n1yj2zdy cord-310944-tfn0ltrz cord-316682-4360s2yu cord-309521-2cb992u1 cord-317574-wyzscmtr cord-310285-ua894psi cord-316918-mz5r7yiy cord-311795-kvv3fx2n cord-319232-qowtuhh6 cord-318660-47dqa1dd cord-322382-p46slvka cord-316632-rr9f88oi cord-316157-7nci4q1q cord-316327-0hpthrjo cord-316718-7gtgqmcn cord-321443-89o13sox cord-311401-7ugqjg5c cord-314507-fgrvrlht cord-333554-0wlgg450 cord-335477-po201szv cord-323008-xk89ew1b cord-330666-puhijixa cord-335648-lbmhprjn cord-339614-28s205p8 cord-332932-mq36xpai cord-335638-p84nmtfp cord-322871-cf4mn0pu cord-342666-7el8o6qq cord-314492-483rn3aw cord-318944-13zk6cco cord-337499-jzpgtkai cord-329268-0zhabgkt cord-331978-y4uo7o8g cord-341531-w788qwya cord-330870-l0ryikhv cord-335704-qejpc4x8 cord-342642-qzoowc97 cord-340887-k88hchau cord-314460-dbrp4vxc cord-340799-1awmtj52 cord-348614-im7qtr9k cord-315358-22srds0e cord-345806-3ghtpji4 cord-333509-dnuakd6h cord-347381-nn6jqqy5 cord-317884-zni0aj1n cord-316063-9bg2dm8e cord-331533-0toegbv8 cord-317323-wp3vh4c1 cord-344262-5yk1keg3 cord-329921-mi71bet3 cord-319865-g3qxu6uv cord-352902-isc3ek67 cord-338365-9sd62a2w cord-320640-5m6sqwq8 cord-346894-iy35298o cord-349008-x750xe8n cord-327595-00fxzyhq cord-324654-nnojaupv cord-318348-7ns7r2g7 cord-352233-avov4yxv cord-330333-un8lvw5o cord-339517-93nuovsj cord-355827-e38itktq cord-337785-fwo0r4bb cord-330737-6khv4kbj cord-332815-1w1ikj7q cord-355431-efwuy8p9 cord-319567-4t5t8bcx cord-332083-135iic7m cord-356041-tc2cumv2 cord-349740-xed4aybr cord-334124-w9jww3hk cord-342810-41dghl0c cord-346176-w6uaet7l cord-348038-9v16k6gi cord-352324-tle14vtm cord-355577-w1yhtbz8 cord-351527-u12obtvp cord-334808-ds5yrr4w cord-337633-arivuags cord-341715-8h57tppr cord-343865-wbd0hqqc cord-345210-6f8niif5 Creating transaction Updating ent table ===== Reducing parts of speech cord-009432-0ahamczt cord-271048-tq1sk01g cord-029722-85h5060v cord-277167-qdi6hu82 cord-016223-nk8xwa0t cord-102456-6jt4ksha cord-011413-yv4x8viu cord-272585-346ef6qy cord-264614-2x7cdul3 cord-267996-5l9shks8 cord-258498-0mvxwo3w cord-295322-9kye4w9g cord-026765-cw4rh1on cord-258504-pnd46ipd cord-035137-uxtaw02u cord-031378-iy67xnec cord-028285-n4dommet cord-025623-1v9614f8 cord-285960-1zuhilmu cord-294916-xc9ozxyn cord-259984-csdf1a69 cord-274477-jkjyh4cs cord-281762-qwlfikfl cord-276945-gly0stxm cord-287303-b7vg439c cord-027880-1apexs6o cord-279396-qmixem8i cord-264479-s20oacr9 cord-258965-g47n531n cord-268874-ldja6aa4 cord-271603-zy4l9vtf cord-270156-qrzjgzyk cord-253933-29tedkf8 cord-281099-l2i7r1bp cord-281627-8cq18gja cord-286977-330p60oh cord-277350-zwu254n6 cord-266905-j9ljwqv0 cord-283900-4pa93xqi cord-002246-er9kqdjw cord-028605-ehercdou cord-256112-zg63v8hh cord-281403-yl7jdarm cord-293055-8scoocvx cord-021907-omruua6n cord-269900-7mzyib4r cord-287707-ng0ha3vv cord-205941-npp6566r cord-299346-f13xly6q cord-007571-xzm36og6 cord-296306-xcomjvaa cord-017569-fv88n70v cord-295305-dfulr6nu cord-271925-85bixn27 cord-002885-dhdyxnr3 cord-032498-5ugoi1tu cord-302902-34vftqt9 cord-305146-iprzeigk cord-305419-l68ewxar cord-266173-gmz6oxf6 cord-267791-v10eh408 cord-295514-vhymj0rw cord-284640-tl9nmvog cord-284374-sqxlnk9e cord-131678-rvg1ayp2 cord-305262-23qylbmg cord-273303-g86w0xt5 cord-255264-2kj961en cord-028595-p7cn71t5 cord-253135-0tun7fjk cord-272182-5lunidrs cord-305503-j5e6fp61 cord-280419-odqo3o4w cord-270348-5804ffwx cord-272726-ljjirt4g cord-299592-ymurfkbs cord-287653-69nfi379 cord-294557-4h0sybiy cord-269826-l44xbgok cord-284274-9uu7yflt cord-302463-uw7xantz cord-270781-f9nra823 cord-294591-793ywpcd cord-273748-xy4f5kon cord-276265-gjqqfudb cord-285804-lyj9tua8 cord-284484-oak1lfmi cord-290456-cgrn5c36 cord-290653-48swl1aq cord-301402-andxwyi3 cord-307697-ds4uw7y1 cord-306090-i8sriw08 cord-306770-hjzlj8k3 cord-302987-znogutwp cord-308409-0n2ysgsa cord-308100-tvk47fd7 cord-301582-922zyhti cord-297704-70nbsrl4 cord-310104-1c7q9m06 cord-309751-7elnvjk3 cord-276758-k2imddzr cord-316126-j51dik7f cord-316682-4360s2yu cord-313528-rp15vi1o cord-309521-2cb992u1 cord-310944-tfn0ltrz cord-311795-kvv3fx2n cord-318660-47dqa1dd cord-316918-mz5r7yiy cord-319232-qowtuhh6 cord-316632-rr9f88oi cord-316157-7nci4q1q cord-316718-7gtgqmcn cord-316327-0hpthrjo cord-297863-ou432md0 cord-309956-topo2bc6 cord-311401-7ugqjg5c cord-321443-89o13sox cord-335477-po201szv cord-322871-cf4mn0pu cord-342666-7el8o6qq cord-337499-jzpgtkai cord-318944-13zk6cco cord-330666-puhijixa cord-332932-mq36xpai cord-331978-y4uo7o8g cord-329268-0zhabgkt cord-335648-lbmhprjn cord-335638-p84nmtfp cord-339614-28s205p8 cord-341531-w788qwya cord-335704-qejpc4x8 cord-340799-1awmtj52 cord-340887-k88hchau cord-330870-l0ryikhv cord-314460-dbrp4vxc cord-315358-22srds0e cord-309324-vatugz84 cord-333509-dnuakd6h cord-348614-im7qtr9k cord-347381-nn6jqqy5 cord-331533-0toegbv8 cord-344262-5yk1keg3 cord-316063-9bg2dm8e cord-314517-n1yj2zdy cord-317323-wp3vh4c1 cord-310285-ua894psi cord-319865-g3qxu6uv cord-317574-wyzscmtr cord-352233-avov4yxv cord-322382-p46slvka cord-320640-5m6sqwq8 cord-338365-9sd62a2w cord-314507-fgrvrlht cord-333554-0wlgg450 cord-314492-483rn3aw cord-352902-isc3ek67 cord-346894-iy35298o cord-349008-x750xe8n cord-323008-xk89ew1b cord-342642-qzoowc97 cord-327595-00fxzyhq cord-324654-nnojaupv cord-345806-3ghtpji4 cord-329921-mi71bet3 cord-317884-zni0aj1n cord-339517-93nuovsj cord-318348-7ns7r2g7 cord-346176-w6uaet7l cord-330333-un8lvw5o cord-351527-u12obtvp cord-355827-e38itktq cord-332083-135iic7m cord-319567-4t5t8bcx cord-330737-6khv4kbj cord-334808-ds5yrr4w cord-332815-1w1ikj7q cord-337633-arivuags cord-356041-tc2cumv2 cord-342810-41dghl0c cord-341715-8h57tppr cord-352324-tle14vtm cord-343865-wbd0hqqc cord-348038-9v16k6gi cord-355577-w1yhtbz8 cord-345210-6f8niif5 cord-355431-efwuy8p9 cord-334124-w9jww3hk cord-337785-fwo0r4bb cord-349740-xed4aybr Creating transaction Updating pos table Building ./etc/reader.txt cord-028285-n4dommet cord-259984-csdf1a69 cord-131678-rvg1ayp2 cord-276758-k2imddzr cord-316126-j51dik7f cord-346894-iy35298o number of items: 190 sum of words: 733,438 average size in words: 4,191 average readability score: 48 nouns: patients; care; use; health; risk; pandemic; infection; transmission; patient; healthcare; staff; workers; masks; equipment; procedures; study; cases; disease; time; face; hospital; mask; control; virus; data; protection; management; coronavirus; room; contact; training; outbreak; testing; exposure; emergency; guidelines; practice; number; respirators; hospitals; survey; gloves; air; recommendations; measures; safety; case; system; level; treatment verbs: used; including; providing; done; report; require; performing; based; increase; considered; need; worn; recommend; makes; reduce; follow; taken; prevent; confirmed; working; protecting; develop; associated; show; ensure; suspected; given; donning; allow; infected; identified; tested; involved; related; generating; described; remains; doffing; limiting; become; suggest; compared; occurs; regarding; continues; find; avoid; known; covid-19; managing adjectives: respiratory; covid-19; surgical; high; medical; protective; clinical; available; personal; infectious; patient; acute; many; appropriate; possible; non; severe; important; viral; public; positive; new; different; dental; current; social; critical; significant; airborne; potential; first; low; negative; specific; general; several; higher; effective; additional; local; necessary; adequate; full; safe; standard; novel; global; early; essential; single adverbs: also; however; well; even; therefore; highly; especially; often; prior; particularly; potentially; currently; still; rapidly; now; already; directly; less; rather; significantly; just; first; generally; respectively; previously; frequently; critically; usually; commonly; furthermore; typically; moreover; additionally; finally; quickly; likely; approximately; immediately; safely; recently; similarly; always; almost; instead; worldwide; together; specifically; widely; initially; mainly pronouns: it; their; we; they; our; its; them; i; you; your; themselves; he; his; us; one; her; itself; my; she; me; him; himself; yourself; ourselves; oneself; herself; 's; ours; myself; theirs; s; mine; em; me/; ii.f.2.a; i.e.2; i.b.3.e; hypoxic‖; gingivitis/; eu/; envi-771; covid-19; 9/11; 601 proper nouns: PPE; COVID-19; SARS; CoV-2; N95; Health; •; China; CDC; Ebola; Coronavirus; US; United; March; Disease; UK; Control; HCWs; States; EMS; World; ICU; Care; April; COVID; MERS; NHS; Wuhan; Table; Prevention; Organization; HCP; HCW; EVD; Pandemic; Hospital; Infection; PCR; Healthcare; National; ED; Italy; Fig; May; sha; C; Society; CT; ECMO; Medical keywords: ppe; covid-19; patient; sars; n95; care; mask; health; dental; surgical; infection; ebola; icu; hcw; hcp; evd; waste; transmission; risk; pakistan; nhs; ems; worker; virus; training; surgery; skin; simulation; research; program; procedure; pcr; pandemic; mers; march; italy; ipc; india; hepa; healthcare; china; cdc; case; york; visitor; vietnam; vic; vhp; vhf; veterinary one topic; one dimension: covid file(s): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7155761/ titles(s): VID-19 pandemic: the 3R’s (reduce, refine, and replace) of personal protective equipment (PPE) sustainability three topics; one dimension: covid; ppe; data file(s): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18068815/, https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0048969720357880, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33078075/ titles(s): 2007 Guideline for Isolation Precautions: Preventing Transmission of Infectious Agents in Health Care Settings | Unlocking the surge in demand for personal and protective equipment (PPE) and improvised face coverings arising from coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic – Implications for efficacy, re-use and sustainable waste management | Why meaning-making matters: the case of the UK Government’s COVID-19 response five topics; three dimensions: covid patients ppe; care infection use; covid ppe use; covid ppe 2020; data 2020 government file(s): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7329670/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18068815/, https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0048969720357880, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28418743/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33078075/ titles(s): COVID-19: What are the challenges for NHS surgery? | 2007 Guideline for Isolation Precautions: Preventing Transmission of Infectious Agents in Health Care Settings | Unlocking the surge in demand for personal and protective equipment (PPE) and improvised face coverings arising from coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic – Implications for efficacy, re-use and sustainable waste management | Stockpile Model of Personal Protective Equipment in Taiwan | Why meaning-making matters: the case of the UK Government’s COVID-19 response Type: cord title: keyword-ppe-cord date: 2021-05-25 time: 16:08 username: emorgan patron: Eric Morgan email: emorgan@nd.edu input: keywords:ppe ==== make-pages.sh htm files ==== make-pages.sh complex files ==== make-pages.sh named enities ==== making bibliographics id: cord-309751-7elnvjk3 author: Abdelnasser, Mohammad Kamal title: COVID-19. An update for orthopedic surgeons date: 2020-07-01 words: 5222.0 sentences: 342.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309751-7elnvjk3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309751-7elnvjk3.txt summary: The resultant information was organized under 5 main headings; the impact of pandemic on the orthopedic practice, COVID-19 and the trauma patient, elective and emergency surgeries during the pandemic, peri-operative management of the patient with COVID-19, Miscellaneous effects of the pandemic such as those on training programs and the evolution of telemedicine. Relevant information was digested and organized under 5 main headings; the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the orthopedic practice, COVID-19 and the trauma patient, elective and emergency surgeries during the pandemic, perioperative management of the patient with COVID-19, Miscellaneous effects of the pandemic such as those on training programs and the evolution of telemedicine. Guidelines for ambulatory surgery centers for the care of surgically necessary/time-sensitive orthopaedic cases during the COVID-19 pandemic Perioperative considerations in urgent surgical care of suspected and confirmed COVID-19 orthopedic patients: Operating rooms protocols and recommendations in the current COVID-19 pandemic abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected our world in a short period of time, and the orthopedic surgery practice was not an exclusion. Elective care was deferred in most health care facilities and emergency care was continued with strict precautions. With rapid progression of the pandemic, the response of the medical community is also rapidly changing in all aspects of delivering care. This led to a large number of publications with reports, guidelines, measures, ways to react to the crisis, and post-pandemic predictions and speculations. In this review we aimed at summarizing all the relevant information to the orthopedic surgery community. To do this, a comprehensive search was performed with all related terms on two scientific search engines, PubMed and SCOPUS, and the results were filtered by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method. The result was 72 articles that were further reduced to 33 articles after full text reading. The resultant information was organized under 5 main headings; the impact of pandemic on the orthopedic practice, COVID-19 and the trauma patient, elective and emergency surgeries during the pandemic, peri-operative management of the patient with COVID-19, Miscellaneous effects of the pandemic such as those on training programs and the evolution of telemedicine. This review represents the most up to date information published in the literature that is a must-know to every orthopedic surgeon. url: https://doi.org/10.1051/sicotj/2020022 doi: 10.1051/sicotj/2020022 id: cord-355827-e38itktq author: Adisesh, Anil title: COVID-19 in Canada and the use of Personal Protective Equipment date: 2020-05-18 words: 1356.0 sentences: 65.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355827-e38itktq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355827-e38itktq.txt summary: It lists specific micro-organisms including the virus responsible for SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), for which contact and droplet precautions are advised, except during aerosol-generating medical procedures, when airborne precautions are to be instituted. The routine practices and additional precautions lay out in some detail the PPE to be used together with descriptions of the different types of medical grade gloves, masks and respirators, and eye protection. It is noteworthy that if this approach were followed for exposure to SARS-CoV-2, a biosafety Risk Group 3 organism [7], the choice of respiratory protection for any patient encounter for suspected or known COVID-19 disease would be at least a filtering face-piece respirator. Canada usually tends to align closely with US practices, but it is notable that the guidance from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is different in recommending an N95 respirator in all situations for a patient suspected or known to have COVID-19 [9] . abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqaa094 doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqaa094 id: cord-307697-ds4uw7y1 author: Ahmed, Jawad title: Availability of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Among US and Pakistani Doctors in COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-10 words: 4562.0 sentences: 216.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307697-ds4uw7y1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307697-ds4uw7y1.txt summary: Whereas, doctors in Pakistan reported to have poor availability of PPE with only 37.4% having access to masks/N95 respirator, 34.5% to gloves, 13.8% to face-shields or goggles, and 12.9% to full-suit/gown. Whereas, doctors in Pakistan reported to have poor availability of PPE with only 37.4% having access to masks/N95 respirator, 34.5% to gloves, 13.8% to face-shields or goggles, and 12.9% to full-suit/gown. In contrast, doctors in Pakistan reported to have poor availability of PPE with only 37.4% (n = 130) having access to masks/N95 respirator, 34.5% (n = 120) to gloves, 13.8% (n = 48) to face-shields or goggles, and 12.9% (n = 44) to full-suit/gown. In our study, 73% of doctors from Pakistan and 58.4% from the US reported that HCWs in their hospitals had been infected with COVID-19. To conclude, there is a shortage of PPE in hospitals of the US and Pakistan due to COVID-19 and doctors are feeling scared working without adequate protection in the pandemic situation. abstract: Background The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has put an excessive strain on healthcare systems across the globe, causing a shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE). PPE is a precious commodity for health personnel to protect them against infections. We investigated the availability of PPE among doctors in the United States (US) and Pakistan. Methods A cross-sectional study, including doctors from the US and Pakistan, was carried out from April 8 to May 5, 2020. An online self-administered questionnaire was distributed to doctors working in hospitals in the US and Pakistan after a small pilot study. All analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results After informed consent, 574 doctors (60.6% from Pakistan and 39.4% from the US) were included in the analysis. The majority of the participants were females (53.3%), and the mean age of the participants was 35.3 ± 10.3 years. Most doctors (47.7%) were from medicine and allied fields. Among the participants, 87.6% of doctors from the US reported having access to masks/N95 respirators, 79.6% to gloves, 77.9% to face-shields or goggles, and 50.4% to full-suit/gown. Whereas, doctors in Pakistan reported to have poor availability of PPE with only 37.4% having access to masks/N95 respirator, 34.5% to gloves, 13.8% to face-shields or goggles, and 12.9% to full-suit/gown. The reuse of PPE was reported by 80.5% and 60.3% physicians from the US and Pakistan, respectively. More doctors from Pakistan (50.6%) reported that they had been forced to work without PPE compared to doctors in the US (7.1%). Conclusion There is a lack of different forms of PPE in the US and Pakistan. Doctors from both countries reported that they had been forced to work without PPE. Compared to the US, more doctors from Pakistan reported having faced discrimination in receiving PPE. url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.8550 doi: 10.7759/cureus.8550 id: cord-311401-7ugqjg5c author: Alser, O. title: Healthcare workers preparedness for COVID-19 pandemic in the occupied Palestinian territory: a cross-sectional survey date: 2020-05-13 words: 2798.0 sentences: 164.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311401-7ugqjg5c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311401-7ugqjg5c.txt summary: Sufficient training of healthcare workers (HCWs) in how to manage COVID-19 and the provision of personal protective equipment (PPE) to enable them to do so will be key tools in allowing oPt to mount a credible response to the crisis. (4) Other LMICs in the Middle East and Africa have also reported scarcity of personal protective equipment (PPE) for front line healthcare workers (HCWs).(5, 6) We hypothesize that (HCWs) in the oPt are largely underprepared to address COVID-19 related needs of the Palestinian population in both the West Bank and Gaza Strip. The secondary outcome was to assess the differences between Gaza Strip and West Bank, and between governmental and non-governmental in oPt in terms of availability of PPE and HCWs preparedness to face the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: Background: The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic threatens to overwhelm the capacity of the vulnerable healthcare system in the occupied Palestinian territory (oPt). Sufficient training of healthcare workers (HCWs) in how to manage COVID-19 and the provision of personal protective equipment (PPE) to enable them to do so will be key tools in allowing oPt to mount a credible response to the crisis. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a validated online questionnaire. Data collection occurred between March 30, 2020 and April 12, 2020. The primary outcomes was PPE provision and the secondary outcome was HCWs preparedness for the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Of 138 respondents, only 38 HCWs (27.5%) always had access to facemasks when needed and 15 (10.9%) for isolation gowns. The vast majority of HCWs did not find eye protection (n=128, 92.8%), N95 respirators (n=132, 95.7%), and face shields (n=127, 92%) always available. Compared to HCWs in West Bank, those in the Gaza Strip were significantly less likely to have access to alcohol sanitizers (p=0.026) and gloves (p <0.001). On average, governmental hospitals were significantly less likely to have all appropriate PPE measures than non-governmental institutions (p = 0.001). As for preparedness, only 16 (11.6%) surveyed felt confident in dealing with a potential COVID-19 case. With 57 (41.3%) having received any COVID-19 related training and 57 (41.3%) not having a local hospital protocol. Conclusion: HCWs in oPt are underprepared and severely lacking adequate PPE provision. The lack of local protocols, and training has left HCWs confidence exceedingly low. The lack of PPE provision will exacerbate spread of COVID-19 and deepen the crisis, whilst putting HCWs at risk. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.09.20096099 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.09.20096099 id: cord-355431-efwuy8p9 author: Ambrosio, Luca title: The role of the orthopaedic surgeon in the COVID-19 era: cautions and perspectives date: 2020-05-27 words: 4988.0 sentences: 259.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355431-efwuy8p9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355431-efwuy8p9.txt summary: Due to the higher protective potential, the WHO recommends that all healthcare workers should wear a respirator (≥FFP2/N95) when performing AGPs. In all other situations, wearing a surgical mask is reasonably safe when providing direct care to COVID-19 patients, especially in case of respirator scarcity [51, 58] . (1) Patient and provider safety: interpersonal distancing is required together with proper use of PPE and patient contact restricted to the minimum needed; (2) Provision of necessary care: orthopaedic residents must continue to participate in the diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders; (3) System sustainability: resident workforce should be disposed to obtain the maximum output with minimum effort in respect of resource availability and institutional necessities; (4) System flexibility: the strategy should be tailored to the evolving pandemic and able to adapt to future unpredictable changes; (5) Preservation of command and control: hospital overload, redeployment in COVID-19 departments and disruption of the daily routine are posing a significant stress for residents and trainees. abstract: The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has revolutionized global healthcare in an unprecedented way and with unimaginable repercussions. Resource reallocation, socioeconomic confinement and reorganization of production activities are current challenges being faced both at the national and international levels, in a frame of uncertainty and fear. Hospitals have been restructured to provide the best care to COVID-19 patients while adopting preventive strategies not to spread the infection among healthcare providers and patients affected by other diseases. As a consequence, the concept of urgency and indications for elective treatments have been profoundly reshaped. In addition, several providers have been recruited in COVID-19 departments despite their original occupation, resulting in a profound rearrangement of both inpatient and outpatient care. Orthopaedic daily practice has been significantly affected by the pandemic. Surgical indications have been reformulated, with elective cases being promptly postponed and urgent interventions requiring exceptional attention, especially in suspected or COVID-19(+) patients. This has made a strong impact on inpatient management, with the need of a dedicated staff, patient isolation and restrictive visiting hour policies. On the other hand, outpatient visits have been limited to reduce contacts between patients and the hospital personnel, with considerable consequences on post-operative quality of care and the human side of medical practice. In this review, we aim to analyze the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the orthopaedic practice. Particular attention will be dedicated to opportune surgical indication, perioperative care and safe management of both inpatients and outpatients, also considering repercussions of the pandemic on resident education and ethical implications. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40634-020-00255-5 doi: 10.1186/s40634-020-00255-5 id: cord-297704-70nbsrl4 author: Ananda-Rajah, M. title: Hearing the voices of Australian healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-27 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Background: The statistics of healthcare worker (HCW) COVID-19 infections do not convey the lived experience of HCWs during the pandemic. This study explores the working conditions and issues faced by Australian HCWs. Methods: Qualitative analysis of free-text responses from Australian HCWs from 3 August to 5 August 2020 from an open letter calling for better respiratory protection for HCWs, transparent reporting of HCW COVID-19 infections and diversity in national infection control policy development. The open letter was sent to an email list of 23,000 HCWs from a previous campaign and promoted on social media. Results: Among 2,733 HCWs who signed the open letter during the study period, 407 free-text responses were analysed. Doctors and nurses accounted for 58% and 35% of respondents, respectively. Most respondents came from Victoria (48%); New South Wales (18%); Queensland (12%) or Western Australia (12%). Dominant themes included concerns about: work health and safety standards; guidelines on respiratory protection including the omission of fit-testing of P2/N95 respirators; deficiencies in the availability, quality, appropriateness and training of personal protective equipment; a top-down workplace culture that enabled bullying in response to concerns about safety that culminated a loss of trust in leadership, self-reported COVID-19 infections in some respondents and moral injury. Conclusion: Occupational moral injury in HCWs is the consequence of lapses in leadership at policy-making and organisational levels that have violated the normative expectations of HCWs. The challenge for healthcare leaders is to address workplace culture, consultation and engagement with HCWs in order to prevent this hidden pandemic from spreading throughout the health system. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.25.20197061v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.25.20197061 id: cord-016223-nk8xwa0t author: Andersen, Bjørg Marit title: Strict Isolation date: 2018-09-25 words: 4884.0 sentences: 387.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-016223-nk8xwa0t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-016223-nk8xwa0t.txt summary: The unit should be located in a separate ward, preferably in a separate building with direct access via an external sluice and internal access through a negative air pressure sluice with sufficient areal for donning and doffing and for a safe treatment of infectious equipment and waste. Technical staff, handling medical equipment, including collection tanks and autoclaves, shall be specially trained in infection control and must be able to use a sluice function with the use of PPE, when entering these disinfection areas. • Out sluicing needs plenty of space for washbasin and suitable hand disinfectant, for doffing (undressing) and for the use of at least three waste bags (disposal, textiles and reusable equipment). Option if not autoclave/decontaminator in the isolation unit: Infectious waste bag is treated exterior with 5% chloramine and double packed in new yellow thick plastic bag in the sluice. abstract: Strict isolation: suspected highly infectious and transmissible virulent and pathogenic microbes, highly resistant bacterial strains and agents that are not accepted in any form of distribution in the society or in the environment. Examples are completely resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis, viral haemorrhagic fevers like Ebola and Lassa, pandemic severe influenza and coronavirus like SARS, MERS, etc. In most countries, strict isolation is a rarely used isolation regime but should be a part of the national preparedness plan. For instance, in Norway, strict isolation has not been used for the last 50–60 years, except for one case of imported Ebola infection in 2014. Patients in need of strict isolation should be placed in a separate isolation ward or building. Infection spread by contact, droplet and airborne infection, aerosols, re-aerosols, airborne microbe-carrying particles, skin cells, dust, droplets and droplet nuclei. At the same time, it is always contact transmission (contaminated environment, equipment, textiles and waste). The source of infection is usually a patient but may also be a symptomless carrier or a zoonotic disease. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7120447/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-99921-0_19 id: cord-270348-5804ffwx author: Angelino, Andrew F. title: Design and implementation of a regional inpatient psychiatry unit for asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 positive patients. date: 2020-07-02 words: 5818.0 sentences: 334.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270348-5804ffwx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270348-5804ffwx.txt summary: To prevent COVID-19 outbreaks in our units, we next decided to require universal nasal swab testing for SARS-CoV-2 for all medically asymptomatic patients being admitted to psychiatric units 3 . Second, we realized that we needed to decide where to care for SARS-CoV-2 positive, medically asymptomatic patients with mental illnesses who required hospitalization-those without symptoms of COVID-19. In light of the above, we concluded it would best serve our patients if we developed an inpatient psychiatric unit capable of accepting SARS-CoV-2 infected patients without COVID-19 symptoms, or with mild enough symptoms that they would not require medical hospitalization. Further, it is highly beneficial for continuity of care if the patient requires transfer to a medical COVID-19 unit that the psychiatrist be able to follow them there and maintain the psychiatric treatments as indicated. abstract: Patients with psychiatric illnesses are particularly vulnerable to highly contagious, droplet spread organisms like SARS-CoV-2. Patients with mental illnesses may not be able to consistently follow behavioral prescriptions to avoid contagion, and they are frequently found in settings with close contact and inadequate infection control, such as group homes, homeless shelters, residential rehabilitation centers, and correctional facilities. Further, inpatient psychiatry settings are generally designed as communal spaces, with heavy emphasis on group and milieu therapies. As such, inpatient psychiatry services are vulnerable to rampant spread of contagion. With this in mind, the authors outline the decision process and ultimate design and implementation of a regional inpatient psychiatry unit for asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, and share key points for consideration in implementing future units elsewhere. A major take-away point of the analysis is the particular expertise of trained experts in psychosomatic medicine for treating SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0033318220302048 doi: 10.1016/j.psym.2020.06.018 id: cord-205941-npp6566r author: Armani, Andrea M title: Low-tech solutions for the COVID19 supply chain crisis date: 2020-04-27 words: 2408.0 sentences: 121.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-205941-npp6566r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-205941-npp6566r.txt summary: A global effort is ongoing in the scientific community and in the Maker Movement, which focuses on creating devices and tinkering with them, to reverse engineer commercial medical equipment and get it to healthcare workers. [H1] The manufacturing ecosystem Innovative Makers and hobbyists are stepping in to fill the gaps in the PPE supply chain resulting from the COVID-19 public health emergency, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued emergency use authorizations (https://www.fda.gov/medicaldevices/emergency-situations-medical-devices/emergency-use-authorizations#covid19ppe) to waive requirements for labeling and good manufacturing practices. Although the emergency use authorizations issued by the FDA for face shields (https://www.fda.gov/media/136842/download) and for systems developed by industry, such as the Battelle Decontamination System (https://www.fda.gov/media/136529/download), which can disinfect thousands of masks at a time using a vapor-phase hydrogen peroxide, are only effective for the duration of the COVID-19 crisis, this does not diminish the important role of the community as a stopgap in this time of need. abstract: A global effort is ongoing in the scientific community and in the Maker Movement, which focuses on creating devices and tinkering with them, to reverse engineer commercial medical equipment and get it to healthcare workers. For these low-tech solutions to have a real impact, it is important for them to coalesce around approved designs. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.13192v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-273748-xy4f5kon author: Armijo, Priscila R. title: 3D Printing of Face Shields to Meet the Immediate Need for PPE in an Anesthesiology Department during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-04 words: 4386.0 sentences: 218.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273748-xy4f5kon.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273748-xy4f5kon.txt summary: To overcome this challenge, stringent policies and appropriate use of PPE, such as face shields, safety glasses, and N95 masks, are indicated for providers performing aerosol-generating procedures [7] . In response to the COVID-19 Pandemic, The University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Department of Anesthesiology, mandated that anesthesia providers use face shields during patient care to extend the life of N95 masks and adequately protect providers from infection with SARS-CoV-2. Given this information, we developed a decontamination protocol that utilized a dilute bleach solution that would allow penetration into any of the pores that are generated in the 3D printing process and permit the reuse of the face shields. After careful consideration, we chose to use a Prusa i3 MK3S model printer for our 3D face shield printing needs. As a positive control, organism suspensions were inoculated to each face shield part, allowed to dry, and swabbed without decontamination. abstract: Anesthesia providers are at risk for contracting COVID-19 due close patient contact. Proper personal protective equipment (PPE) use is critical to providing a safe environment and to minimize the risk of contagion. During the COVID-19 Pandemic, a series of supply chain issues, constant changes in PPE use policy, and higher demand for PPE led to shortages in PPE, specifically N95 masks and face shields. Implementation of decontamination protocols successfully allowed N95 mask reuse but, required masks to be unsoiled. Face shields not only act as a barrier against the soiling of N95 face masks, they also serve as more effective eye protection from respiratory droplets over standard eye shields. The University of Nebraska Medical Center produced face shields using a combination of 3D printing and assembly with commonly available products. Approximately 112 face shields were constructed and made available for use in 72 hours. Importantly, we created and implemented a simple but effective decontamination protocol, which allowed reuse of the face shields. These methods were successfully implemented for in-house production of face shields used at Tripler Army Medical Center (Tripler AMC, Hawaii). The effectiveness of the decontamination protocol was evaluated using the average log(10) reduction in colony counts for Escherichia coli ATCC 8937 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA). In this manuscript, we present our detailed protocol and supplies needed for printing 3D face shields to enable the rapid production of this product by individuals with little to no 3D printing experience, in times of urgent need. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196655320307628?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.07.037 id: cord-031378-iy67xnec author: Atif, Iqra title: The Role of Digital Technologies that Could Be Applied for Prescreening in the Mining Industry During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-03 words: 4709.0 sentences: 236.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-031378-iy67xnec.txt txt: ./txt/cord-031378-iy67xnec.txt summary: Potential digital technologies that could be applied to tackle various problems related to COVID-19 pandemic are artificial intelligence (AI), data analytics, Internet of medical things (IoMT), smart biosensors and sanitizing equipment. Smart bio-sensor-based face shields can also be used in the mining industry, not only for protection purposes, but also as display screens to highlight any critical information related to the miner''s health and safety. Smart boots is another digital technology that can be useful to prevent infectious viruses like COVID-19 by providing the worker contact tracing and ensure social distancing (Fig. 8) . The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine reported that ultraviolet (UV) light-based walkthrough gates possibly could eradicate the coronavirus that contains the deadly Fig. 9 IoT-Q-Band system for real-time monitoring of the health condition of individual and ensure social distancing to prevent the spread of COVID-19 virus, source: Singh et al. abstract: The novel COVID-19 (coronavirus disease of 2019) pandemic has caused global havoc and impacted almost every aspect of human life and the global economy. The mining industry is not immune to such impacts. The pandemic has accelerated the need for digital transformation in the mining industry and in the era of the fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), there is further application of digital technologies in the early detection and prescreening of emerging infectious and viral diseases to keep mining areas and communities safer and less vulnerable. This paper aims to explore the application of smart digital technologies that could be applied for detection, prescreening and prevention of COVID-19 in the mining industry. The study will contribute, firstly, to demonstrate the utility and applications of digital technologies in the mining industry and, secondly, the development of a body of knowledge that can be consulted to prevent the spread of the disease in the mining industry. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7471498/ doi: 10.1007/s41403-020-00164-0 id: cord-299346-f13xly6q author: Awad, Mohamed E. title: Perioperative Considerations in Urgent Surgical Care of Suspected and Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 Orthopaedic Patients: Operating Room Protocols and Recommendations in the Current Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic date: 2020-04-10 words: 4216.0 sentences: 254.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299346-f13xly6q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299346-f13xly6q.txt summary: title: Perioperative Considerations in Urgent Surgical Care of Suspected and Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 Orthopaedic Patients: Operating Room Protocols and Recommendations in the Current Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic To reduce the occupational risk in treating suspected or confirmed COVID-19 urgent orthopaedic patients, recommended precautions and preventive actions (triage area, ED consultation room, induction room, operating room, and recovery room) are reviewed. HCPs in high-risk areas should adhere to infection prevention and control practices, which includes the appropriate use of engineering controls (negative pressure rooms), administrative controls, and personal protective equipment (PPE) ( 6 Per CDC recommendations, a clinically suspected/ confirmed COVID-19 patient should wear a cloth face covering, over nose, and mouth and a surgical mask should be reserved for HCP and first responders. It is recommended for an environmental services worker to increase the Flowchart demonstrating the the recommended use of personal protective equipment for different activities at various settings managing suspected/clinically Coronavirus disease 2019 patients. abstract: By April 7, 2020, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was responsible for 1,383,436 confirmed cases of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), involving 209 countries around the world; 378,881 cases have been confirmed in the United States. During this pandemic, the urgent surgical requirements will not stop. As an example, the most recent Centers of Disease Control and Prevention reports estimate that there are 2.8 million trauma patients hospitalized in the United States. These data illustrate an increase in the likelihood of encountering urgent surgical patients with either clinically suspected or confirmed COVID-19 in the near future. Preparation for a pandemic involves considering the different levels in the hierarchy of controls and the different phases of the pandemic. Apart from the fact that this pandemic certainly involves many important health, economic, and community ramifications, it also requires several initiatives to mandate what measures are most appropriate to prepare for mitigating the occupational risks. This article provides evidence-based recommendations and measures for the appropriate personal protective equipment for different clinical and surgical activities in various settings. To reduce the occupational risk in treating suspected or confirmed COVID-19 urgent orthopaedic patients, recommended precautions and preventive actions (triage area, ED consultation room, induction room, operating room, and recovery room) are reviewed. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32282441/ doi: 10.5435/jaaos-d-20-00227 id: cord-302463-uw7xantz author: AĞALAR, Canan title: Protective measures for COVID-19 for healthcare providers and laboratory personnel date: 2020-04-21 words: 3814.0 sentences: 197.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302463-uw7xantz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302463-uw7xantz.txt summary: During the care of these patients, HCP should wear their personal protective equipment (PPE) in accordance with the procedure and should not neglect hand hygiene. The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) carries a high risk for society and healthcare providers (HCP) because it can be transmitted even when the disease progresses asymptomatically in some patients [1] . European Centre of Diseases and Prevention Control (ECDC) states that if there is a shortage of FFP2/FFP3, if the HCP will be in contact with a diagnosed or suspected COVID-19 case, if there is no risk of aerosol transmission, surgical masks (alongside eye protection, gown, and gloves) can be used. However, ECDC states that if the HCP will be performing procedures like sample collecting that will generate aerosol, they should use FFP2/FFP3 masks that provide high-level protection [7] . Interim Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Patients with Suspected or Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Healthcare Settings abstract: In the COVID-19 pandemic, which affects the whole world, healthcare professionals (HCP) are at high risk of transmission due to their direct contact with patients with COVID-19. Therefore, how to ensure the triage of the patient with acute respiratory symptoms should be determined in advance, the contact distance should be arranged to be at least 2 m, COVID-19 suspect or diagnosed patient should be instructed to wear a surgical mask. During the care of these patients, HCP should wear their personal protective equipment (PPE) in accordance with the procedure and should not neglect hand hygiene. The samples of the patient with known or suspected COVID-19, patient should also be known to be risky in terms of contamination, and a risk assessment should be performed for the procedures to be performed in laboratories. The PPE should be used in accordance with the procedure to be performed. The protection of the HCP, who sacrifice at the risk of life, is possible only by complying with infection control and precautions. url: https://doi.org/10.3906/sag-2004-132 doi: 10.3906/sag-2004-132 id: cord-348038-9v16k6gi author: Bagnasco, Annamaria title: COVID 19—A message from Italy to the global nursing community date: 2020-05-08 words: 1283.0 sentences: 62.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348038-9v16k6gi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348038-9v16k6gi.txt summary: With the global pandemic now accelerating in areas of the world yet to see Italian levels of infection, it is vital that PPE equipment is procured and delivered to the COVID-19 front-line critical care environments. Learn also from Italian nurses'' experiences of the harm long-term use of PPE: facial lesions and sores produced by the pressure and sweat caused by masks and goggles worn far beyond the usual time frame in normal clinical practice. To healthcare providers and policy makers in areas at the start of their COVID-19 epidemic, our message is to plan for the replacement of staff in critical care areasthink about how this will be done, how they can be prepared and how you plan to recall recently retired nurses back to the hospitals. One last but very important lesson from the epidemic is the need to plan for the possibility of caring for patients in their own homes. abstract: During these difficult times, it is not easy to learn all the nursing lessons from the COVID-19 epidemic in Italy. It is not easy because - at the time of writing - Italian nurses are in the middle of this emergency that shows no sign of diminishing. Whatever is said today can change completely after only 24 hours. As a global community we have only known about this virus for a few months, but it has invaded lives, hospitals and homes, subverting habits, practices, and protocols. Some of the lessons learned will emerge later - after reflection and retrospective analysis. However, some things are now so evident that sharing them now is vital to help prepare those who are getting ready to face this emergency. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14407 doi: 10.1111/jan.14407 id: cord-318348-7ns7r2g7 author: Bandaru, S V title: The effects of N95 mask and face shield on speech perception among healthcare workers in the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic scenario date: 2020-09-28 words: 2823.0 sentences: 165.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318348-7ns7r2g7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318348-7ns7r2g7.txt summary: This study aimed to assess the effect of using an N95 mask and face shield on speech perception among healthcare workers with normal hearing. Speech reception threshold and speech discrimination score were obtained, first without using personal protective equipment and then repeated with the audiologist wearing an N95 mask and face shield. Our aim was to quantitatively assess the effect of using an N95 mask and face shield on speech understanding among healthcare workers with normal hearing by determining its effect on speech reception thresholds and speech discrimination scores. • N95 masks and face shields are being used to protect from aerosol-related spread of infection • However, this personal protective equipment (PPE) hampers communication • This study found a significant increase in speech reception threshold (mean of 12.4 dB) with PPE use • The speech discrimination score worsened by 7 per cent with PPE (vs without PPE) when stimuli were presented at the same level abstract: OBJECTIVE: The current circumstances of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic necessitate the use of personal protective equipment in hospitals. N95 masks and face shields are being used as personal protective equipment to protect from aerosol-related spread of infection. Personal protective equipment, however, hampers communication. This study aimed to assess the effect of using an N95 mask and face shield on speech perception among healthcare workers with normal hearing. METHODS: Twenty healthcare workers were recruited for the study. Pure tone audiometry was conducted to ensure normal hearing. Speech reception threshold and speech discrimination score were obtained, first without using personal protective equipment and then repeated with the audiologist wearing an N95 mask and face shield. RESULTS: A statistically significant increase in speech reception threshold (mean of 12.4 dB) and decrease in speech discrimination score (mean of 7 per cent) was found while using the personal protective equipment. CONCLUSION: Use of personal protective equipment significantly impairs speech perception. Alternate communication strategies should be developed for effective communication. url: https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022215120002108 doi: 10.1017/s0022215120002108 id: cord-286977-330p60oh author: Barcala-Furelos, Roberto title: Plastic blanket drowning kit: A protection barrier to immediate resuscitation at the beach in the Covid-19 era. A pilot study. date: 2020-09-16 words: 1706.0 sentences: 104.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286977-330p60oh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286977-330p60oh.txt summary: title: Plastic blanket drowning kit: A protection barrier to immediate resuscitation at the beach in the Covid-19 era. OBJECTIVE: Introducing a new, simple and inexpensive portable equipment for lifeguards, consisting of a pre-assembled full-size plastic blanket with a mask and HEPA filter, which could offer significant time-saving advantages to reduce COVID-19 risk transmission in the first few minutes of CPR after water rescue, avoiding the negative impact of delayed ventilation. METHOD: A pilot study was carried out to determine the feasibility of the pre-assembled kit of face-mask and HEPA filter adapted on a pre-set plastic-blanket. The PPE kit consists of a pre-assembled full-size transparent plastic blanket with an adaptation to a ventilation face mask with a High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filter. Plastic blanket drowning kit: a protection barrier to immediate resuscitation at the beach in the Covid-19 era. abstract: OBJECTIVE: Introducing a new, simple and inexpensive portable equipment for lifeguards, consisting of a pre-assembled full-size plastic blanket with a mask and HEPA filter, which could offer significant time-saving advantages to reduce COVID-19 risk transmission in the first few minutes of CPR after water rescue, avoiding the negative impact of delayed ventilation. METHOD: A pilot study was carried out to determine the feasibility of the pre-assembled kit of face-mask and HEPA filter adapted on a pre-set plastic-blanket. The first step consisted of washing hands, putting on safety glasses and gloves as the first personal protection equipment (PPE) and then covering the victim with an assembled plastic blanket. The second step consisted of 10 min of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with PPE and plastic blanket, following the technical recommendations for ventilation during COVID-19. RESULTS: Ten rescuers took part in the pilot study. The average time to wear PPE and place the pre-assembly kit on the victim was 82 s [IC 58–105]. After 10 min the quality of the resuscitation (QCPR) was 91% [87–94]. Quality chest compressions (CC) were 22% better than ventilations (V). Most of the rescuers (60%) thought that placing the plastic blanket on the victim on the beach was somewhat simple or very simple. CONCLUSIONS: Resuscitation techniques in COVID-19 era at the beach have added complexities for the correct use of PPE. Plastic blanket plus basic ventilations equipment resource could be a new alternative to be considered for lifeguards to keep ventilation on use while reducing risk transmission. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0735675720307695 doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.08.101 id: cord-284484-oak1lfmi author: Barratt, Ruth title: Enablers of, and barriers to, optimal glove and mask use for routine care in the emergency department: an ethnographic study of Australian clinicians date: 2019-12-04 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: The risk of healthcare-acquired infection increases during outbreaks of novel infectious diseases. Emergency department (ED) clinicians are at high risk of exposure to both these and common communicable diseases. Personal protective equipment (PPE) is recommended to protect clinicians from acquiring, or becoming vectors of, infection, yet compliance is typically sub-optimal. Little is known about factors that influence use of PPE—specifically gloves and masks—during routine care in the ED. METHODS: This was an ethnographic study, incorporating documentation review, field observations and interviews. The theoretical domains framework (TDF) was used to aid thematic analysis and identify relevant enablers of and barriers to optimal PPE use. RESULTS: Thirty-one behavioural themes were identified that influenced participants’ use of masks and gloves. There were significant differences, namely: more reported enablers of glove use vs more barriers to mask use. Reasons included more positive unit culture towards glove use, and lower perception of risk via facial contamination. CONCLUSION: Emerging infectious diseases, spread (among other routes) by respiratory droplets, have caused global outbreaks. Emergency clinicians should ensure that, as with gloves, the use of masks is incorporated into routine cares where appropriate. Further research which examines items of PPE independently is warranted. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2588994X19300806 doi: 10.1016/j.auec.2019.10.002 id: cord-311795-kvv3fx2n author: Barratt, Ruth title: Clinician perceptions of respiratory infection risk; a rationale for research into mask use in routine practice date: 2019-08-31 words: 5295.0 sentences: 235.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311795-kvv3fx2n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311795-kvv3fx2n.txt summary: An important area of infection prevention and control (IPC) is the optimal use of personal protective equipment (PPE) by healthcare workers (HCWs), including masks for protection against respiratory pathogens. An important area of infection prevention and control (IPC) is the optimal use of personal protective equipment (PPE) by healthcare workers (HCWs), including masks for protection against respiratory pathogens. Respiratory infectious diseases are transmitted via contact, droplet and/or airborne modes, necessitating healthcare worker (HCW) use of surgical masks or respirators and other personal protective equipment (PPE) together with appropriate hand hygiene. During periods of high-risk for respiratory infectious disease, such as the annual influenza season or a novel influenza pandemic, health departments have, and may, encourage or mandate the use of a protective respiratory mask by the general public to minimise the transmission from symptomatic people to others [49] . abstract: Abstract Outbreaks of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases are global threats to society. Planning for, and responses to, such events must include healthcare and other measures based on current evidence. An important area of infection prevention and control (IPC) is the optimal use of personal protective equipment (PPE) by healthcare workers (HCWs), including masks for protection against respiratory pathogens. Appropriate mask use during routine care is a forerunner to best practice in the event of an outbreak. However, little is known about the influences on decisions and behaviours of HCWs with respect to protective mask use when providing routine care. In this paper we argue that there is a need for more research to provide a better understanding of the decision-making and risk-taking behaviours of HCWs in respect of their use of masks for infectious disease prevention. Our argument is based on the ongoing threat of emerging infectious diseases; a need to strengthen workforce capability, capacity and education; the financial costs of healthcare and outbreaks; and the importance of social responsibility and supportive legislation in planning for global security. Future research should examine HCWs' practices and constructs of risk to provide new information to inform policy and pandemic planning. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idh.2019.01.003 doi: 10.1016/j.idh.2019.01.003 id: cord-264479-s20oacr9 author: Bern-Klug, Mercedes title: COVID-19 Highlights the Need for Trained Social Workers in Nursing Homes date: 2020-05-25 words: 1742.0 sentences: 101.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264479-s20oacr9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264479-s20oacr9.txt summary: This editorial provides examples of how nursing home social workers are adapting the way they connect with residents and families during the pandemic and concludes with suggestions. In nursing homes experiencing PPE shortages, the lack of equipment means activities and social services staff cannot safely enter resident rooms. While a core function of the social work role has always been to anticipate, assess and address resident psychosocial needs, social workers have also been key liaisons between the family and the facility. In nursing homes with multiple COVID deaths, social workers leave work with a pit in their stomach from the phone conversations with family members to discuss what to do with the decedent''s body and their belongings. Including degreed and licensed social workers as part of the core team is a basic way to provide psychosocial care in nursing homes and enhance resident quality of life. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32561232/ doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.05.049 id: cord-299592-ymurfkbs author: Bhattacharya, Sudip title: Addressing the shortage of personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic in India-A public health perspective date: 2020-04-15 words: 1288.0 sentences: 67.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299592-ymurfkbs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299592-ymurfkbs.txt summary: title: Addressing the shortage of personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic in India-A public health perspective Nonetheless, it is only possible to address COVID-19 if we can flatten the epidemic curve by classical intervention measures like lockdown and social distancing processes, which may give lead time to many health care systems to arrange further management of the outbreak. When health care systems become stressed and enter the contingency mode, CDC recommends conserving resources by selectively cancelling nonemergency procedures, cancelling outpatient encounters which might require face masks/PPEs. When face masks are unavailable, the CDC recommends use of face shields without masks, taking clinicians at high risk for COVID-19 complications out of clinical service, staffing services with convalescent HCWs presumably immune to SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), and use of homemade/handmade masks, perhaps from bandanas or scarves if necessary [2] . abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.3934/publichealth.2020019 doi: 10.3934/publichealth.2020019 id: cord-277350-zwu254n6 author: Bianco, F. title: Preventing transmission among operating room staff during COVID-19 pandemic: the role of the Aerosol Box and other personal protective equipment date: 2020-05-24 words: 1544.0 sentences: 83.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277350-zwu254n6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277350-zwu254n6.txt summary: title: Preventing transmission among operating room staff during COVID-19 pandemic: the role of the Aerosol Box and other personal protective equipment During aerosol-generating medical procedures (AGMP; e.g. intubating and extubating patients or any surgical procedures), the production of both airborne particles and droplets may increase the risk of infection. During aerosol-generating medical procedures (AGMP), the production of both airborne particles and droplets may increase the risk of infection. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defined a list of AGMP, during which the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) should be recommended for all involved theater staff [4, 5] . We report a retrospective case series of six COVID-19 positive male patients undergoing emergent surgical treatment for gastrointestinal complications. Considering the high risk of disease transmission during AGMP, we support the use of both PPE and AB to protect surgical staff during the current COVID-19 outbreak. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic is highly challenging for the operating room staff and healthcare workers in emergency departments. SARS-CoV-2 is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA beta-coronavirus that primarily targets the human respiratory system, with fever, cough, myalgia, and pneumonia as the most common manifestations. However, since SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in stool specimens much more attention has been paid to gastrointestinal symptoms such as loss of appetite, nausea, and diarrhea. Furthermore, the expression of ACE-2 receptors in absorptive enterocytes from ileum and colon suggests that these organs should also be considered as a potential high risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection. During aerosol-generating medical procedures (AGMP; e.g. intubating and extubating patients or any surgical procedures), the production of both airborne particles and droplets may increase the risk of infection. In this situation, the surgical staff is strongly recommended to wear personal protective equipment (PPE). A transparent plastic cube, the so-called “Aerosol Box” (AB), has been recently designed to lend further protection against droplets and aerosol exposure during the AGMP. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32449034/ doi: 10.1007/s13304-020-00818-2 id: cord-318944-13zk6cco author: Bizzoca, Maria Eleonora title: Covid-19 Pandemic: What Changes for Dentists and Oral Medicine Experts? A Narrative Review and Novel Approaches to Infection Containment date: 2020-05-27 words: 11691.0 sentences: 617.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318944-13zk6cco.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318944-13zk6cco.txt summary: The authors performed a narrative review on Severe Acute Respiratory SyndromeCoronaVirus-2 ( SARS-CoV-2) and all infectious agents with the primary endpoints to illustrate the most accepted models of safety protocols in dentistry and oral medicine, and to propose an easy view of the problem and a comparison (prevs post-COVID19) for the most common dental procedures. After a brief excursus on all infectious agents transmittable at the dental chair, the authors described all the personal protective equipment (PPE) actually on the market and their indications, and on the basis of the literature, they compared (before and after COVID-19 onset) the correct safety procedures for each dental practice studied, underlining the danger of underestimating, in general, dental cross-infections. The precautions for infection control require wearing gloves, aprons, as well as eye and mouth protection (goggles and mask, such as medical masks and Filtering Face Piece or FPP) for each procedure involving direct contact with the patient body fluids. abstract: The authors performed a narrative review on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome- CoronaVirus-2 ( SARS-CoV-2) and all infectious agents with the primary endpoints to illustrate the most accepted models of safety protocols in dentistry and oral medicine, and to propose an easy view of the problem and a comparison (pre- vs post-COVID19) for the most common dental procedures. The outcome is forecast to help dentists to individuate for a given procedure the differences in terms of safety protocols to avoid infectious contagion (by SARS-CoV-2 and others dangerous agents). An investigation was performed on the online databases Pubmed and Scopus using a combination of free words and Medical Subject Headings (MESH) terms: “dentist” OR “oral health” AND “COVID-19” OR “SARS-CoV-2” OR “coronavirus-19”. After a brief excursus on all infectious agents transmittable at the dental chair, the authors described all the personal protective equipment (PPE) actually on the market and their indications, and on the basis of the literature, they compared (before and after COVID-19 onset) the correct safety procedures for each dental practice studied, underlining the danger of underestimating, in general, dental cross-infections. The authors have highlighted the importance of knowing exactly the risk of infections in the dental practice, and to modulate correctly the use of PPE, in order to invest adequate financial resources and to avoid exposing both the dental team and patients to preventable risks. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32471083/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17113793 id: cord-258504-pnd46ipd author: Bleasdale, Susan C. title: Experience of Chicagoland acute care hospitals in preparing for Ebola virus disease, 2014–2015 date: 2019-07-08 words: 6055.0 sentences: 298.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258504-pnd46ipd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258504-pnd46ipd.txt summary: During the 2014–2015 Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak, hospitals in the United States selected personal protective equipment (PPE) and trained healthcare personnel (HCP) in anticipation of receiving EVD patients. Semistructured interviews were conducted with HCP involved with decision-making during EVD preparations at acute care hospitals in the Chicago, IL area to gather information about the PPE selection and training process. For example, an interviewed trainer from a hospital where HCP "wanted to be encased [in PPE] like a mummy" noted that preferences "started to change after like the 4th or 5th simulation where people were like, ''[M]an, [I] can''t work like this.''" When asked to identify the three training modalities that had the greatest positive impact on their confidence to care for an Ebola patient, surveyed trainees most frequently identified: hands-on activities in group (n ¼ 39) or individual settings (n ¼ 28), trained observers (n ¼ 21), instructional videos (n ¼ 11), training in a simulated care area with (n ¼ 10) or without task trainers (n ¼ 8), and using markers for evaluation of self-contamination during PPE doffing (n ¼ 8) ( Table 2 ). abstract: During the 2014–2015 Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak, hospitals in the United States selected personal protective equipment (PPE) and trained healthcare personnel (HCP) in anticipation of receiving EVD patients. To improve future preparations for high-consequence infectious diseases, it was important to understand factors that affected PPE selection and training in the context of the EVD outbreak. Semistructured interviews were conducted with HCP involved with decision-making during EVD preparations at acute care hospitals in the Chicago, IL area to gather information about the PPE selection and training process. HCP who received training were surveyed about elements of training and their perceived impact and overall experience by email invitation. A total of 28 HCP from 15 hospitals were interviewed, and 55 HCP completed the survey. Factors affecting PPE selection included: changing guidance, vendor supply, performance evaluations, and perceived risk and comfort for HCP. Cost did not affect selection. PPE acquisition challenges were mitigated by: sharing within hospital networks, reusing PPE during training, and improvising with existing PPE stock. Selected PPE ensembles were similar across sites. Training included hands-on activities with trained observers, instructional videos, and simulations/drills, which were felt to increase HCP confidence. Many felt refresher training would be helpful. Hands-on training was perceived to be effective, but there is a need to establish the appropriate frequency of refresher training frequency to maintain competence. Lacking confidence in the CDC guidance, interviewed trainers described turning to other sources of information and developing independent PPE evaluation and selection. Response to emerging and/or high consequence infectious diseases would be enhanced by transparent, risk-based guidance for PPE selection and training that addresses protection level, ease of use, ensembles, and availability. url: https://doi.org/10.1080/15459624.2019.1628966 doi: 10.1080/15459624.2019.1628966 id: cord-345806-3ghtpji4 author: Boelig, Rupsa C. title: Obstetric Protocols in the Setting of a Pandemic date: 2020-07-24 words: 2912.0 sentences: 154.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345806-3ghtpji4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345806-3ghtpji4.txt summary: The purpose of this article is to review key areas that should be considered and modified in our obstetric protocols, specifically: 1) Patient triage, 2) Labor and delivery unit policies, 3) Special considerations for personal protective equipment (PPE) needs in obstetrics, 4) Intrapartum management, and 5) Postpartum care The purpose of this article is to review key areas that should be considered and modified in our obstetric protocols, specifically: 1) Patient triage, 2) Labor and delivery unit policies, 3) Special considerations for personal protective equipment (PPE) needs in obstetrics, 4) Intrapartum management, and 5) Postpartum care If patients cannot be appropriately isolated on labor and delivery unit, there need to be contingency plans for isolation off of the unit while still providing maternal and fetal monitoring and care. Labor unit leaders should work closely with hospital administration, nursing, anesthesia, neonatalogy/pediatrics, infectious disease, and critical care medicine to best address the unique needs and challenges of labor and delivery in the setting of particular pathogens. abstract: The purpose of this article is to review key areas that should be considered and modified in our obstetric protocols, specifically: 1) Patient triage, 2) Labor and delivery unit policies, 3) Special considerations for personal protective equipment (PPE) needs in obstetrics, 4) Intrapartum management, and 5) Postpartum care. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0146000520300781?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.semperi.2020.151295 id: cord-316327-0hpthrjo author: Brar, Branden title: A Survey Assessing the Early Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Training Programs date: 2020-08-18 words: 4497.0 sentences: 249.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316327-0hpthrjo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316327-0hpthrjo.txt summary: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has specific implications for oral and maxillofacial surgeons due to an increased risk of exposure to the virus during surgical procedures of the aero-digestive tract. CMS also increased access to Medicare telehealth services for its beneficiaries under the Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act. This rapid turn of events led to some urgent modifications to clinical care including surgery, by US health care providers in all specialties, to accommodate the critical shortages of hospital resources as the pandemic was evolving. This evoked the need to survey OMFS training programs and to start a discussion regarding some of the changes in emergency triage, urgent surgical procedures, and use of PPE to protect health care personnel. [16] The aim of this survey was to assess the impact of COVID -19 on Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS) training programs in the different regions of USA during the early phase of this pandemic between March 6 th to May 6 th 2020. abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has specific implications for oral and maxillofacial surgeons due to an increased risk of exposure to the virus during surgical procedures of the aero-digestive tract. The objective of this survey was to evaluate how the COVID-19 pandemic affected oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) training programs during the early phase of the pandemic. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was sent to the program directors of 95 out of the 101 accredited OMFS training programs between April 3(rd) and May 6(th), 2020. The 35- question survey designed using Qualtrics software, to elicit information about the impact of COVID-19 on OMFS residency programs and the specific modifications made to clinical care, PPE and resident training/wellness to meet the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: The survey response rate from OMFS program directors was 35% (33/95) with most responses from states with high incidence of COVID19. All OMFS programs (100%) implemented guidelines to suspend elective and non-urgent surgical procedures and limited ambulatory clinic visits by third week of March, with an average date of March 16(th), 2020 (Date range March 8(th) -23(rd)). Programs used telemedicine (40%) and modified in-person visit (51%) protocols for dental and maxillofacial emergency triage to minimize exposure risk of HCP to SARS CoV2. PPE shortage was experienced by 51% of the programs. Almost two-thirds (63%) of the respondents recommended the use of a filtered respirator (i.e., N95 respirator) with full face shield as their preferred PPE, while 21% recommended Powered Air Purifying Respirators (PAPRs) during OMFS procedures. Only (73%) of the programs had resources for resident wellness and stress reduction. Virtual didactic training sessions conducted on digital platforms, most commonly “Zoom” formed a major part of education for all programs. CONCLUSION: All programs promptly responded to the pandemic by making appropriate changes to suspend elective surgery and, to limit patient care to emergent and urgent services. OMFS training programs should give more consideration to provide residents with adequate stress reduction resources to maintain their wellbeing and training to minimize exposure risk during an evolving global epidemic. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2212440320311603 doi: 10.1016/j.oooo.2020.08.012 id: cord-319232-qowtuhh6 author: Brazil, Victoria title: Translational simulation for rapid transformation of health services, using the example of the COVID-19 pandemic preparation date: 2020-06-03 words: 3382.0 sentences: 166.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319232-qowtuhh6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319232-qowtuhh6.txt summary: We describe our strategy development and context, simulation delivery activities and outcomes and offer principles and practical suggestions for how simulation can directly and rapidly respond to urgent need for health service transformation. Turning the promise of simulation into reality for COVID-19 preparation requires a translational approacha simulation program that is attuned to emerging priorities, has strong relationships with clinicians and service leadership and with the skills and capacity to apply (or develop) simulation strategies to address those issues. The program includes educationally focused simulation but extends to ''in situ'' simulation in clinical areas designed for translational impact-diagnosing and addressing important process and teamwork issues in patient care. Our experience with using simulation for COVID-19 pandemic preparation has sharped reflection on the role of simulation in health service performance and change management, albeit in a unique and urgent context. abstract: Healthcare simulation has significant potential for helping health services to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic. Rapid changes to care pathways and processes needed for protection of staff and patients may be facilitated by a translational simulation approach—diagnosing changes needed, developing and testing new processes and then embedding new systems and teamwork through training. However, there are also practical constraints on running in situ simulations during a pandemic—the need for physical distancing, rigorous infection control for manikins and training equipment and awareness of heightened anxiety among simulation participants. We describe our institution’s simulation strategy for COVID-19 preparation and reflect on the lessons learned—for simulation programs and for health services seeking to utilise translational simulation during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. We offer practical suggestions for a translational simulation strategy and simulation delivery within pandemic constraints. We also suggest simulation programs develop robust strategies, governance and relationships for managing change within institutions—balancing clinician engagement, systems engineering expertise and the power of translational simulation for diagnosing, testing and embedding changes. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32514386/ doi: 10.1186/s41077-020-00127-z id: cord-272726-ljjirt4g author: Brethauer, Stacy A. title: Redesigning a Department of Surgery during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-28 words: 3555.0 sentences: 174.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272726-ljjirt4g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272726-ljjirt4g.txt summary: The department of surgery played a leading role in establishing clinical protocols, guidelines, and policies in preparation for a surge of COVID-19 patients. Within the department of surgery, these challenges required leadership to form new workgroups and reporting structures, establish clear communication strategies, redefine clinical activities for the faculty, and modify the workloads of trainees. For services still performing some essential operations (e.g., advanced cancer, emergent cardiac, trauma, or acute care surgery), every effort was made to minimize the number of faculty coming to work with coverage provided by those who were coming in for operative cases or on call. This "second surge" of elective cases will present its own set of logistic challenges and requires early planning to facilitate care of surgical patients once the COVID-19 surge has passed. abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 has created an urgent need for reorganization and surge planning among departments of surgery across the USA. METHODS: Review of the COVID-19 planning process and work products in preparation for a patient surge. Organizational and process changes, workflow redesign, and communication plans are presented. RESULTS: The planning process included widespread collaboration among leadership from many disciplines. The department of surgery played a leading role in establishing clinical protocols, guidelines, and policies in preparation for a surge of COVID-19 patients. A multidisciplinary approach with input from clinical and nonclinical stakeholders is critical to successful crisis planning. A clear communication plan should be implemented early and input from trainees, staff, and faculty should be solicited. CONCLUSION: Major departmental and health system reorganization is required to adapt academic surgical practices to a widespread crisis. Surgical leadership, innovation, and flexibility are critical to successful planning and implementation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32347453/ doi: 10.1007/s11605-020-04608-4 id: cord-301582-922zyhti author: Bury, Gerard title: COVID-19 community assessment hubs in Ireland—the experience of clinicians date: 2020-09-26 words: 3029.0 sentences: 152.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301582-922zyhti.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301582-922zyhti.txt summary: A half-day training course-''Clinical PPE training''-was developed by the departments, with significant input from the National Ambulance Service (NAS) staff with experience and expertise in the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) from the already established COVID-19 testing sites. The timing of hub availability-and therefore, potential exposure of clinicians to risk-is also considered by comparing Department of Health national data on daily case occurrence with ''real-time'' COVID-19-related emergency calls to Dublin Fire Brigade Ambulance Service. More than 500 GPs and GP registrars came forward to complete relevant clinical training in order to work in hubs, during April 2020-this represents around 15% of the general practice population. No data exists on the total number of clinicians who worked in hubs but the 170 GPs and GP registrars who responded to this study are likely to be a significant proportion of the doctors who carried out shifts and may therefore provide useful insights into this novel clinical setting. abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 required rapid innovation in health systems, in the context of an infection which placed healthcare professionals at high risk; general practice has been a key component of that innovative response. In Ireland, GPs were asked to work in a network of community assessment hubs. A focused training programme in infection control procedures/clinical use of personal protective equipment (PPE) was rapidly developed in advance. University departments of general practice were asked to develop and deliver that training. AIM: The aim of this article is to describe infection control procedure training in Ireland, the uptake by GPs and the initial experience of GPs working in this unusual environment. DESIGN AND SETTING: Two anonymous cross-sectional online surveys are sent to participants in training courses. METHOD: Survey 1 followed completion of training; survey 2 followed establishment of the hubs. RESULTS: Six hundred seventy-five participants (including 439 GPs, 156 GP registrars) took part in the training. Two hundred thirty-nine (50.3%) out of four hundred seventy-five responded to Survey 1—over 95% reported an increase in confidence in the use of PPE. Two hundred ten (44.2%) out of four hundred seventy-five participants responded to Survey 2; 195 had completed hub shifts. Younger, female GPs predominated. Very high levels of infection control procedures were reported. Participants commented positively on teamworking, environment and systems. However, ‘real-time’ ambulance service data suggest the peak of the surge may have passed by the time the hubs were established. CONCLUSION: Academic departments, GPs and the Irish health system collaborated effectively to respond to the need for community assessment of COVID-19 patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32980973/ doi: 10.1007/s11845-020-02381-6 id: cord-270156-qrzjgzyk author: Cafferkey, J. J. title: Using HoloLens™ to reduce staff exposure to aerosol generating procedures during a global pandemic date: 2020-05-26 words: 1941.0 sentences: 137.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270156-qrzjgzyk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270156-qrzjgzyk.txt summary: OBJECTIVES: In a tertiary centre in London we aim to implement HoloLens technology, allowing other medical staff to remotely join the consulting clinician when in a high-risk patient area delivering oxygen therapy. MAIN RESULTS: Mean self-reported time in the high-risk zone was less when using HoloLens (2.69 hours) compared to usual practice (3.96 hours) although this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.3657). In the CPAP unit of a UK teaching hospital we implemented HoloLens2™ as a pragmatic technology-led improvement project to facilitate remote care during the COVID-19 pandemic in a "Red zone" where NIV/CPAP/HFNO is delivered. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.24.20107193 doi: medRxiv preprint deployment practice was two or more staff donning personal protective equipment (PPE) for ward rounds and to review deteriorating patients. Evaluation of the intervention saw ward staff (doctors, nurses and allied health professionals) completing self-report questionnaires comparing pre-and post-HoloLens2™ deployment. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.24.20107193 doi: medRxiv preprint usual practice and 240 hours of HoloLens2™ use. abstract: RATIONALE: COVID-19 poses a unique challenge; caring for patients with a novel, infectious disease whilst protecting staff. Some interventions used to give oxygen therapy are aerosol generating procedures. Staff delivering such interventions require PPE and are exposed to a significant viral load resulting in sick days and even death. We aim to reduce this risk using an augmented-reality communication device: The HoloLens by Microsoft. OBJECTIVES: In a tertiary centre in London we aim to implement HoloLens technology, allowing other medical staff to remotely join the consulting clinician when in a high-risk patient area delivering oxygen therapy. The study primary outcome was to reduce the exposure to staff and demonstrate non-inferiority staff satisfaction when compared to not using the device. Our secondary outcome was to reduce extrapolated PPE costs when using the device. METHODS: Our study was conducted in March and April 2020, within a respiratory unit delivering aerosolising oxygen therapies (High flow nasal oxygen, Continuous positive airway pressure and non-invasive ventilation) to patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection. MEASUREMENTS: Self-reported questionnaires to assess satisfaction in key areas of patient care. An infrared people counting device was also used to assess staff in and out of the unit. MAIN RESULTS: Mean self-reported time in the high-risk zone was less when using HoloLens (2.69 hours) compared to usual practice (3.96 hours) although this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.3657). HoloLens showed non-inferiority when compared to usual practice in staff satisfaction score for all domains. Furthermore, mean staff satisfaction score encouragingly improved when using HoloLens. Self-reported PPE counts from this study showed 12 staff members changing PPE 25.8 times per shift, almost double the 13.5 times in the HoloLens count. CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated HoloLens can reduce the number of staff exposed to aerosol generating areas in a novel infectious disease. Our results show it did not impair communication, medical staff availability or end of life care. HoloLens technology may also reduce the use of PPE, which has equipment availability and cost benefits. This study provides grounding for further use of the HoloLens device by bringing a bedside experience to experts remote to the situation. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.24.20107193v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.24.20107193 id: cord-330666-puhijixa author: Carrico, Ruth M. title: Changing health care worker behavior in relation to respiratory disease transmission with a novel training approach that uses biosimulation date: 2007-02-02 words: 3395.0 sentences: 193.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330666-puhijixa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330666-puhijixa.txt summary: BACKGROUND: This pilot study was conducted to determine whether supplementing standard classroom training methods regarding respiratory disease transmission with a visual demonstration could improve the use of personal protective equipment among emergency department nurses. CONCLUSION: Supplementing the standard training methods with a visual demonstration can improve the use of personal protective equipment during care of patients exhibiting respiratory symptoms. We used pre-/posttest knowledge assessments and observations of HCW-patient interactions to evaluate the impact of the visual demonstration of respiratory disease transmission on PPE use by HCWs. The study was conducted during the peak of the 2005 influenza season (January to March) to ensure that the HCWs could be observed interacting with the greatest number of patients with respiratory symptoms. Observers with experience in the education and training of health care personnel were trained to recognize and evaluate the use of PPE by study participants during real patient interaction. abstract: BACKGROUND: This pilot study was conducted to determine whether supplementing standard classroom training methods regarding respiratory disease transmission with a visual demonstration could improve the use of personal protective equipment among emergency department nurses. METHODS: Participants included 20 emergency department registered nurses randomized into 2 groups: control and intervention. The intervention group received supplemental training using the visual demonstration of respiratory particle dispersion. Both groups were then observed throughout their work shifts as they provided care during January-March 2005. RESULTS: Participants who received supplemental visual training correctly utilized personal protective equipment statistically more often than did participants who received only the standard classroom training. CONCLUSION: Supplementing the standard training methods with a visual demonstration can improve the use of personal protective equipment during care of patients exhibiting respiratory symptoms. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17276786/ doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2005.12.013 id: cord-279396-qmixem8i author: Carter, Chris title: COVID-19 Disease: a critical care perspective date: 2020-06-01 words: 5302.0 sentences: 288.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279396-qmixem8i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279396-qmixem8i.txt summary: In addition to the relatively high numbers of COVID-19 patients developing severe respiratory failure resulting in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and requiring intubation and ventilatory support, the current data suggests an average length of stay for COVID patients in intensive care of eight days. The critical care nurse needs to recognise that patients who develop severe COVID-19 can rapidly develop Type 1 Respiratory Failure, ARDS and therefore require ventilatory support. 18 In non COVID-19 patients with increasing respiratory failure the use of High Flow Nasal Oxygen (HFNO) or Non-Invasive Ventilation (NIV) such as Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) may be used as a treatment strategy. 40 There is also a suggestion that an increased number of healthcare professionals is needed when providing care, particularly in critical care for procedures requiring two nurses to one patient (2:1) when PPE is worn. abstract: Abstract COVID-19 is a new highly infectious disease with an incompletely described clinical course, which has caused a pandemic, with Europe being identified as the third epicentre. COVID-19 has placed unprecedented pressure on critical care services which is likely to stretch resources beyond capacity. The situation is exacerbated by increased staff absence from self-isolation and illness, increased referral of patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 who develop respiratory failure, and limited availability of Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) services. In addition, there is the ongoing challenge of patients being transferred between departments and hospitals for ongoing care. In consequence, as current needs continue to rise, innovative approaches are needed to redress shortages and support the continuance of services. This article provides an overview of severe COVID-19 infection, outlining treatment strategies and nursing processes that will need to develop and extend in response to this evolving situation. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666869620300038?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.intcar.2020.100003 id: cord-333509-dnuakd6h author: Chan, Hui Yun title: Hospitals’ Liabilities in Times of Pandemic: Recalibrating the Legal Obligation to Provide Personal Protective Equipment to Healthcare Workers date: 2020-10-17 words: 8805.0 sentences: 491.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333509-dnuakd6h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333509-dnuakd6h.txt summary: Recent developments have witnessed strong responses from the public and healthcare workers, ranging from pursuing legal actions against the government or their employers (hospitals) for breaching their obligations of care towards employees to calling for a full public inquiry into pandemic management, including the status of the PPE stockpile. PPE under the Regulations means "all equip-ment…intended to be worn or held by a person at work and which protects the person against one or more risks to that person''s health or safety, and any addition or accessory designed to meet that objective." 29 Consequently, PPE in the hospital context is broad enough to include all equipment that protect healthcare workers from infectious particles arising from aerosol generating procedures, ventilators, respirators or testing facilities with high concentrations of droplets or airborne diseases. Imposing the duty to provide PPE is therefore central in ensuring healthcare workers are protected from the risks of infection and to realise the aim of delivering patient-centred care to the public. abstract: The Covid-19 pandemic has precipitated the global race for essential personal protective equipment in delivering critical patient care. This has created a dearth of personal protective equipment availability in some countries, which posed particular harm to frontline healthcare workers’ health and safety, with undesirable consequences to public health. Substantial discussions have been devoted to the imperative of providing adequate personal protective equipment to frontline healthcare workers. The specific legal obligations of hospitals towards healthcare workers in the pandemic context have so far escaped important scrutiny. This paper endeavours to examine this overlooked aspect in the light of legal actions brought by frontline healthcare workers against their employers arising from a shortage of personal protective equipment. By analysing the potential legal liabilities of hospitals, the paper sheds light on the interlinked attributes and factors in understanding hospitals’ obligations towards healthcare workers and how such duty can be justifiably recalibrated in times of pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10991-020-09270-z doi: 10.1007/s10991-020-09270-z id: cord-285804-lyj9tua8 author: Chen, Yu-Ju title: Stockpile Model of Personal Protective Equipment in Taiwan date: 2017-04-01 words: 2967.0 sentences: 144.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285804-lyj9tua8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285804-lyj9tua8.txt summary: In addition, a joint electronic procurement platform has been established for merchandising the replaced PPE to local health authorities and medical and other institutions for their routine or epidemic use. Based on the act, the central government, local health authorities, and medical institutions are required to maintain a minimum stockpile of PPE (including surgical masks, N95 respirators, and coveralls) to ensure a sufficient supply for epidemic prevention and frontline healthcare personnel during the early phase of an epidemic. After the SARS epidemic, the Taiwan CDC proposed ''''A Strategy Plan for PPE Minimum Stockpile'''' and established the 3-tier stockpiling framework-a central health authority (managed by the Taiwan CDC), local health authorities, and medical institutions-to effectively respond to emergent demands and spread the risk of stockpiling. In addition, to ensure the surge capacity during epidemic periods, the contractors must guarantee to provide 5 million surgical masks, 100,000 N95 respirators, and 15,000 coveralls within 14 days in response to an emergency request from the Taiwan CDC. abstract: The Taiwan Centers for Disease Control (Taiwan CDC) has established a 3-tier personal protective equipment (PPE) stockpiling framework that could maintain a minimum stockpile for the surge demand of PPE in the early stage of a pandemic. However, PPE stockpiling efforts must contend with increasing storage fees and expiration problems. In 2011, the Taiwan CDC initiated a stockpile replacement model in order to optimize the PPE stockpiling efficiency, ensure a minimum stockpile, use the government's limited funds more effectively, and achieve the goal of sustainable management. This stockpile replacement model employs a first-in-first-out principle in which the oldest stock in the central government stockpile is regularly replaced and replenished with the same amount of new and qualified products, ensuring the availability and maintenance of the minimum stockpiles. In addition, a joint electronic procurement platform has been established for merchandising the replaced PPE to local health authorities and medical and other institutions for their routine or epidemic use. In this article, we describe the PPE stockpile model in Taiwan, including the 3-tier stockpiling framework, the operational model, the components of the replacement system, implementation outcomes, epidemic supports, and the challenges and prospects of this model. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28418743/ doi: 10.1089/hs.2016.0103 id: cord-276265-gjqqfudb author: Chiang, James title: Elastomeric respirators are safer and more sustainable alternatives to disposable N95 masks during the coronavirus outbreak date: 2020-07-20 words: 2598.0 sentences: 127.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276265-gjqqfudb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276265-gjqqfudb.txt summary: Since the coronavirus (2019-nCoV) or coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) has become a significant issue in numerous countries worldwide [1] , with an estimate of 89 million masks required monthly due to increased demand within and outside healthcare settings [2] . Some of these recommendations include using N95 masks for extended durations, using one mask for several different patients, reserving disposable N95 masks for aerosol generating procedures, and using reusable elastomeric respirators with appropriate filters [3] . Given the persistent shortage of disposable N95 masks, the authors review the safety and practicality of elastomeric respirators as an alternative for protection against the coronavirus COVID-19. Currently, the CDC recommends that health care providers that will be within 3 ft of a suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patient without a mask, or if providers are in the room for an aerosolizing procedure, the provider may voluntarily utilize higher level of protection than N95 masks, such as elastomeric respirators or PAPR. abstract: BACKGROUND: In this paper, the authors review the safety and practicality of elastomeric respirators for protecting themselves and others from the novel coronavirus or COVID-19. They also describe the safe donning and doffing procedures for this protective gear. MAIN TEXT: Due to the shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE), the CDC has recommended ways to conserve disposable N95 masks, including re-use and extended use, and reserving N95 masks for aerosol-generating procedures. However, these were never made to be re-used. Although the modes of transmission of COVID-19 are not fully understood, based on what we know about severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), droplets and aerosolized droplets contribute to the spread of this virus. More evidence from Wuhan, China, has demonstrated that COVID-19 viral particles are aerosolized and found in higher concentrations in rooms where PPE is being removed. Thus, it is best for all healthcare providers to have full aerosol protection. CONCLUSION: Given the shortage of PPE for aerosols, it is logical to utilize reusable elastomeric respirators with filter efficiency of 95% or higher. A single elastomeric respirator may replace hundreds to thousands of new disposable N95 masks. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-020-00296-8 doi: 10.1186/s12245-020-00296-8 id: cord-305503-j5e6fp61 author: Choi, Gordon Y.S. title: Preparedness for COVID-19: in situ simulation to enhance infection control systems in the intensive care unit date: 2020-04-10 words: 1621.0 sentences: 72.0 pages: flesch: 32.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305503-j5e6fp61.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305503-j5e6fp61.txt summary: 5 Within the ICU, potentially aerosol generating procedures such as manual ventilation and tracheal intubation are known to enhance transmission of respiratory viral disease to HCWs, 6 and therefore introducing robust infection control processes as soon as possible is of paramount importance. To examine system and operational issues related to our infection control guidelines, we designed and implemented a high-fidelity in situ clinical simulation to replicate admission, including tracheal intubation, of a patient with suspected or known COVID-19 infection. The main objective of the simulation was to test the ability of the HCW team to effectively implement use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and the practicality of the intubation protocol and preliminary outbreak infection control guidelines. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0007091220302026 doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.04.001 id: cord-035137-uxtaw02u author: Chowdhury, Anis Z. title: Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Developing Countries: Lessons from Selected Countries of the Global South date: 2020-11-10 words: 6821.0 sentences: 363.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-035137-uxtaw02u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-035137-uxtaw02u.txt summary: But most national authorities outside of East Asia did not take adequate early precautionary measures speedily enough to contain the spread of the outbreak, typically by promoting safe ''physical distancing'', obligatory use of masks in public areas, and other measures to reduce the spread and likelihood of infection. Government capacity to respond depends crucially on system capacity and capabilities-e.g., authorities'' ability to speedily trace, isolate and treat the infected-and available fiscal resources-e.g., to quickly enhance testing capacity and secure personal protective equipment (PPE). Finally, it draws some implications of different policy responses in East Asia, Southeast Asia-especially Vietnam, and India''s Kerala state-Argentina, Brazil and Peru, that are relevant for other countries. And where communities or clusters had significant infection rates, urgent, targeted measures could have helped ''turn the tide'' on COVID-19 with decisive early actions, as in China, Korea and Vietnam, without imposing nationwide ''stay in shelter'' or ''shelter in place'' lockdowns, 16 or restrictions on movements of people within its borders. abstract: Reviewing selected policy responses in Asia and South America, this paper draws pragmatic lessons for developing countries to better address the COVID-19 pandemic. It argues that not acting quickly and adequately incurs much higher costs. So-called ‘best practices’, while useful, may be inappropriate, especially if not complemented by effective and suitable socio-economic measures. Public understanding, support and cooperation, not harsh and selective enforcement of draconian measures, are critical for successful implementation of containment strategies. This requires inclusive and transparent policy-making, and well-coordinated and accountable government actions that build and maintain trust between citizens and government. In short, addressing the pandemic crisis needs ‘all of government’ and ‘whole of society’ approaches under credible leadership. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7653449/ doi: 10.1057/s41301-020-00256-y id: cord-267791-v10eh408 author: Chughtai, Abrar Ahmad title: Use of personal protective equipment to protect against respiratory infections in Pakistan: A systematic review date: 2019-02-07 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Like other low-income countries, limited data are available on the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) in Pakistan. We conducted a systematic review of studies on PPE use for respiratory infections in healthcare settings in Pakistan. MEDLINE, Embase and Goggle Scholar were searched for clinical, epidemiological and laboratory-based studies in English, and 13 studies were included; all were observational/cross-sectional studies. The studies examined PPE use in hospital (n = 7), dental (n = 4) or laboratory (n = 2) settings. Policies and practices on PPE use were inconsistent. Face masks and gloves were the most commonly used PPE to protect from respiratory and other infections. PPE was not available in many facilities and its use was limited to high-risk situations. Compliance with PPE use was low among healthcare workers, and reuse of PPE was reported. Clear policies on the use of PPE and available PPE are needed to avoid inappropriate practices that could result in the spread of infection. Large, multimethod studies are recommended on PPE use to inform national infection-control guidelines. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1876034119300668 doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2019.01.064 id: cord-305146-iprzeigk author: Chughtai, Abrar Ahmad title: Use of personal protective equipment to protect against respiratory infections in Pakistan: A systematic review date: 2020-03-04 words: 4245.0 sentences: 242.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305146-iprzeigk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305146-iprzeigk.txt summary: We conducted a systematic review of studies on PPE use for respiratory infections in healthcare settings in Pakistan. Face masks (or medical masks) and respirators are the most commonly used PPE to protect from influenza and other respiratory infection in healthcare settings. The aim of this study was to examine the use of PPE for respiratory infections in healthcare settings in Pakistan. Studies where PPE was examined for general infection control were also included, given respiratory protective equipment (face masks and/or respirators) was mentioned. Two studies examined the guidelines and current practices on the use of face masks/respirators for influenza, tuberculosis and SARS in Pakistan [21, 22] . Medical masks were generally used to protect from influenza, tuberculosis and other respiratory infections, while the use of respirators was limited to high-risk situations [21, 22] . abstract: Like other low-income countries, limited data are available on the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) in Pakistan. We conducted a systematic review of studies on PPE use for respiratory infections in healthcare settings in Pakistan. MEDLINE, Embase and Goggle Scholar were searched for clinical, epidemiological and laboratory-based studies in English, and 13 studies were included; all were observational/cross-sectional studies. The studies examined PPE use in hospital (n = 7), dental (n = 4) or laboratory (n = 2) settings. Policies and practices on PPE use were inconsistent. Face masks and gloves were the most commonly used PPE to protect from respiratory and other infections. PPE was not available in many facilities and its use was limited to high-risk situations. Compliance with PPE use was low among healthcare workers, and reuse of PPE was reported. Clear policies on the use of PPE and available PPE are needed to avoid inappropriate practices that could result in the spread of infection. Large, multimethod studies are recommended on PPE use to inform national infection-control guidelines. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2020.02.032 doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.02.032 id: cord-330737-6khv4kbj author: Cohen, Jennifer title: Contributing factors to personal protective equipment shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-02 words: 5589.0 sentences: 256.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330737-6khv4kbj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330737-6khv4kbj.txt summary: Problems from a dysfunctional costing model in hospital operating systems were magnified by a very large demand shock triggered by acute need in healthcare and panicked marketplace behavior that depleted domestic PPE inventories. Removing the profit motive for purchasing PPE in hospital costing models and pursuing strategic industrial policy to reduce the US dependence on imported PPE will both help to better protect healthcare workers with adequate supplies of PPE. Since early 2020 the US has experienced a severe shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) needed by healthcare workers fighting the COVID-19 pandemic (Emanuel et al., 2020; Livingston, Desai, & Berkwits, 2020) . We now turn to our analysis of PPE shortages, which identifies on four contributing factors: the way that hospitals budget for PPE, domestic demand shocks, federal government failures, and disruptions to the global supply chain (Figure 2 ). abstract: This study investigates the forces that contributed to severe shortages in personal protective equipment in the US during the COVID-19 crisis. Problems from a dysfunctional costing model in hospital operating systems were magnified by a very large demand shock triggered by acute need in healthcare and panicked marketplace behavior that depleted domestic PPE inventories. The lack of appropriate action on the part of the federal government to maintain and distribute domestic inventories, as well as severe disruptions to the PPE global supply chain, amplified the problem. Analysis of trade data shows that the US is the world's largest importer of face masks, eye protection, and medical gloves, making it highly vulnerable to disruptions in exports of medical supplies. We conclude that market prices are not appropriate mechanisms for rationing inputs to health because health is a public good. Removing the profit motive for purchasing PPE in hospital costing models and pursuing strategic industrial policy to reduce the US dependence on imported PPE will both help to better protect healthcare workers with adequate supplies of PPE. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33017601/ doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106263 id: cord-285960-1zuhilmu author: Conly, John title: Use of medical face masks versus particulate respirators as a component of personal protective equipment for health care workers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-06 words: 4921.0 sentences: 209.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285960-1zuhilmu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285960-1zuhilmu.txt summary: The report by the World Health Organization (WHO) Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China supports person-to-person droplet and fomite transmission during close unprotected contact with the vast majority of the investigated infection clusters occurring within families, with a household secondary attack rate varying between 3 and 10%, a finding that is not consistent with airborne transmission. Based on the scientific evidence accumulated to date, our view is that SARS-CoV-2 is not spread by the airborne route to any significant extent and the use of particulate respirators offers no advantage over medical masks as a component of personal protective equipment for the routine care of patients with COVID-19 in the health care setting. The findings from multiple systematic reviews and meta analyses over the last decade have not demonstrated any significant difference in the clinical effectiveness of particulate respirators compared to the use of medical masks when used by HCWs in multiple health care settings for the prevention of respiratory virus infections, including influenza [57] [58] [59] . abstract: Currently available evidence supports that the predominant route of human-to-human transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 is through respiratory droplets and/or contact routes. The report by the World Health Organization (WHO) Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China supports person-to-person droplet and fomite transmission during close unprotected contact with the vast majority of the investigated infection clusters occurring within families, with a household secondary attack rate varying between 3 and 10%, a finding that is not consistent with airborne transmission. The reproduction number (R(0)) for the SARS-CoV-2 is estimated to be between 2.2–2.7, compatible with other respiratory viruses associated with a droplet/contact mode of transmission and very different than an airborne virus like measles with a R(0) widely cited to be between 12 and 18. Based on the scientific evidence accumulated to date, our view is that SARS-CoV-2 is not spread by the airborne route to any significant extent and the use of particulate respirators offers no advantage over medical masks as a component of personal protective equipment for the routine care of patients with COVID-19 in the health care setting. Moreover, prolonged use of particulate respirators may result in unintended harms. In conjunction with appropriate hand hygiene, personal protective equipment (PPE) used by health care workers caring for patients with COVID-19 must be used with attention to detail and precision of execution to prevent lapses in adherence and active failures in the donning and doffing of the PPE. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32762735/ doi: 10.1186/s13756-020-00779-6 id: cord-339517-93nuovsj author: Consolo, Ugo title: Epidemiological Aspects and Psychological Reactions to COVID-19 of Dental Practitioners in the Northern Italy Districts of Modena and Reggio Emilia date: 2020-05-15 words: 5652.0 sentences: 268.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339517-93nuovsj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339517-93nuovsj.txt summary: The one-way ANOVA showed a main effect of age group for perceived patient''s likelihood of contracting the infection (F 2,353 -Statistic = 1157, p < 0.001), and reported levels of concern about the professional future ( To the question "During clinical activity, which measures do you use to prevent COVID-19 infection?", dentists replied highlighting a good knowledge of what is reported in the most recent indications from the literature. To the question "Which aids do you think could help dental professionals during COVID-19 pandemic?", for which two preferences could be expressed, the dentists replied indicating "Economic relieves from Italian government" (65.7%), "Social security institutions support and subsidy" (44.1%)," Economic relieves from dental associations" (32.1%) and "Improvement of communication with patients" (8.1%). abstract: The outbreak and diffusion of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (Sars-CoV-2) and COronaVIrus Disease 19 (COVID-19) have caused an emergency status in the health system, including in the dentistry environment. Italy registered the third highest number of COVID-19 cases in the world and the second highest in Europe. An anonymous online survey composed of 40 questions has been sent to dentists practicing in the area of Modena and Reggio Emilia, one of the areas in Italy most affected by COVID-19. The survey was aimed at highlighting the practical and emotional consequences of COVID-19 emergence on daily clinical practice. Specifically, it assessed dentists’ behavioral responses, emotions and concerns following the Sars-CoV-2 pandemic restrictive measures introduced by the Italian national administrative order of 10 March 2020 (DM-10M20), as well as the dentists’ perception of infection likelihood for themselves and patients. Furthermore, the psychological impact of COVID-19 was assessed by means of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 test (GAD-7), that measures the presence and severity of anxiety symptoms. Using local dental associations (ANDI-Associazione Nazionale Dentisti Italiani, CAO-Commissione Albo Odontoiatri) lists, the survey was sent by email to all dentists in the district of Modena and Reggio Emilia (874 practitioners) and was completed by 356 of them (40%). All dental practitioners closed or reduced their activity to urgent procedures, 38.2% prior to and 61.8% after the DM-10M20. All reported a routinely use of the most common protective personal equipment (PPE), but also admitted that the use of PPE had to be modified during COVID-19 pandemic. A high percentage of patients canceled their previous appointments after the DM-10M20. Almost 85% of the dentists reported being worried of contracting the infection during clinical activity. The results of the GAD-7 (General Anxiety Disorder-7) evaluation showed that 9% of respondents reported a severe anxiety. To conclude, the COVID-19 emergency is having a highly negative impact on the activity of dentists practicing in the area of Modena and Reggio Emilia. All respondents reported practice closure or strong activity reduction. The perception of this negative impact was accompanied by feelings of concern (70.2%), anxiety (46.4%) and fear (42.4%). The majority of them (89.6%) reported concerns about their professional future and the hope for economic measures to help dental practitioners. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32429193/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17103459 id: cord-356041-tc2cumv2 author: Cotrin, Paula title: Healthcare Workers in Brazil during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey date: 2020-10-09 words: 5188.0 sentences: 274.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-356041-tc2cumv2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-356041-tc2cumv2.txt summary: This study compared the impact of COVID-19 pandemic among three categories of healthcare workers in Brazil: physicians, nurses, and dentists, about workload, income, protection, training, feelings, behavior, and level of concern and anxiety. The healthcare workers reported a significant impact of COVID-19 pandemic in their income, workload and anxiety, with differences among physicians, nurses and dentists. This way, this study aimed to compare the impact of COVID-19 pandemic in the healthcare workers: physicians, nurses, and dentists, regarding workload, income, PPE, training, behavior, feelings, and level of anxiety. Inclusion criteria were: healthcare workers (physicians, nurses or dentists), above 22 years of age, working in the front line of the pandemic in private and public hospitals, healthcare units and private clinics, but not necessarily with direct contact with COVID-19 infected patients. abstract: Brazil is in a critical situation due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Healthcare workers that are in the front line face challenges with a shortage of personal protective equipment, high risk of contamination, low adherence to the social distancing measures by the population, low coronavirus testing with underestimation of cases, and also financial concerns due to the economic crisis in a developing country. This study compared the impact of COVID-19 pandemic among three categories of healthcare workers in Brazil: physicians, nurses, and dentists, about workload, income, protection, training, feelings, behavior, and level of concern and anxiety. The sample was randomly selected and a Google Forms questionnaire was sent by WhatsApp messenger. The survey comprised questions about jobs, income, workload, PPE, training for COVID-19 patient care, behavior and feelings during the pandemic. The number of jobs reduced for all healthcare workers in Brazil during the pandemic, but significantly more for dentists. The workload and income reduced to all healthcare workers. Most healthcare workers did not receive proper training for treating COVID-19 infected patients. Physicians and nurses were feeling more tired than usual. Most of the healthcare workers in all groups reported difficulties in sleeping during the pandemic. The healthcare workers reported a significant impact of COVID-19 pandemic in their income, workload and anxiety, with differences among physicians, nurses and dentists. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33034257/ doi: 10.1177/0046958020963711 id: cord-276945-gly0stxm author: Coxon, Kirstie title: The impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on maternity care in Europe date: 2020-06-10 words: 3955.0 sentences: 145.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276945-gly0stxm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276945-gly0stxm.txt summary: This observation, also seen in other countries which gather and report case ethnicity (Khunti et al., 2020) , has shocked many; the reasons are not fully understood, but it is clear that people with BAME ethnicity, whether they are pregnant women, members of the public, essential workers or health care providers, need to be pro-actively protected from contracting COVID-19. Yet women and midwives remain very much affected; care during pregnancy, birth and the postnatal weeks has changed radically and fast, and basic elements of the midwife-woman relationship such as meeting in person and providing a comforting touch have been upended in an attempt to maintain distance and reduce cross-infection. Commonalities include concerns around supply of PPE, high numbers of healthcare staff affected by the virus, and steps taken to reduce pregnant women''s exposure to health settings by switching to online and telephone consultations where possible. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2020.102779 doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2020.102779 id: cord-028595-p7cn71t5 author: Croser, David title: A good fit with indemnity date: 2020-07-06 words: 1016.0 sentences: 54.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-028595-p7cn71t5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-028595-p7cn71t5.txt summary: Although it is recommended that AGPs should currently be avoided where possible, there will be occasions when such treatments are in the patient''s best interests and the dental team will need to prevent aerosol transmission, using a disposable, fluidrepellent surgical gown (or waterproof long-sleeved protective apron), gloves, eye protection and suitable respiratory protective equipment (RPE) such as an FFP3 respirator (or FFP2 when these are not available). The SOP guidance advises contractors to inform their employers liability (EL) insurer that all staff undertaking aerosol generating procedures are required to be fit tested for appropriate PPE, to ensure their EL insurance cover is sufficient. In addition, dentists should check with their indemnity provider if they are performing the fit testing for their own staff or that of other local dental contractors, again to ensure they have adequate cover. 2 BDA indemnity cover allows policyholders to fit-test respiratory protective equipment (RPE) for dental staff in their own and other practices. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7336104/ doi: 10.1038/s41404-020-0444-2 id: cord-333554-0wlgg450 author: Curzen, Nick title: An Extended Statement by the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society President Regarding the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-16 words: 698.0 sentences: 43.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333554-0wlgg450.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333554-0wlgg450.txt summary: The presidents of BCS and BCIS have released a joint statement of support and advice to our members, and have contributed to an NHS England statement about recommendations for ongoing cardiology activities. We suggest that clinical leads/senior cath lab staff have discussions across local networks regarding potential cross cover for emergency patients between local centres, in case this becomes necessary. To this end, the NHS England guidance continues to recommend primary PCI for STEMI and angiography with a view to revascularisation for all non-ST-elevation MI (NSTEMI) patients, except perhaps the lowest risk group. However, for BCIS members, it is the optimal PPE for cath lab procedures, especially primary PCI for STEMI, that has raised most anxiety and contention. For other situations the cath lab, when deemed low risk of AGP, can be regarded as an inpatient area or operating theatre with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases, and type 1 PPE is recommended for all those with direct patient contact. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.15420/icr.2020.10 doi: 10.15420/icr.2020.10 id: cord-253933-29tedkf8 author: David, Abel P. title: Tracheostomy guidelines developed at a large academic medical center during the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-04-27 words: 3038.0 sentences: 163.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253933-29tedkf8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253933-29tedkf8.txt summary: 1 As an aerosol-generating procedure (AGP), tracheostomy is associated with high droplet and particle generation, placing health care providers at increased risk for transmission of respiratory viral infections. Factors relevant to our review included optimal timing of tracheostomy, duration of viral shedding in patients with COVID-19, risk to procedural teams from aerosol generation during tracheostomy, ICU capacity, and availability of PPE. In the context of the current pandemic, Tay et al conducted a literature review of tracheostomies performed during the SARS epidemic and concluded the following: (a) proper PPE (N95 mask, surgical cap, gown, goggles, and gloves) is of utmost importance; (b) surgical tracheostomy is preferably performed in a negative pressure ICU room by experienced providers with meticulous planning and seamless communication; (c) aerosol generation should be minimized through patient paralysis, ventilation hold during creation of tracheal window, and utilization of HEPA-filtered suction systems. abstract: BACKGROUND: During the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic, tracheostomy may be required for COVID‐19 patients requiring long‐term ventilation in addition to other conditions such as airway compromise from head and neck cancer. As an aerosol‐generating procedure, tracheostomy increases the exposure of health care workers to COVID‐19 infection. Performing surgical tracheostomy and tracheostomy care requires a strategy that mitigates these risks and maintains the quality of patient care. METHODS: This study is a multidisciplinary review of institutional tracheostomy guidelines and clinical pathways. Modifications to support clinical decision making in the context of COVID‐19 were derived by consensus and available evidence. RESULTS: Modified guidelines for all phases of tracheostomy care at an academic tertiary care center in the setting of COVID‐19 are presented. DISCUSSION: During the various phases of the COVID‐19 pandemic, clinicians must carefully consider the indications, procedural precautions, and postoperative care for tracheostomies. We present guidelines to mitigate risk to health care workers while preserving the quality of care. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.26191 doi: 10.1002/hed.26191 id: cord-002885-dhdyxnr3 author: Den Boon, Saskia title: Incorporating health workers’ perspectives into a WHO guideline on personal protective equipment developed during an Ebola virus disease outbreak date: 2018-03-09 words: 8410.0 sentences: 400.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-002885-dhdyxnr3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-002885-dhdyxnr3.txt summary: The objective of this study was to understand frontline physicians'' and nurses'' perspectives about personal protective equipment (PPE) use during the 2014-2016 EVD outbreak in West Africa and to incorporate these findings into the development process of a WHO rapid advice guideline. The specific objectives were to understand and describe frontline physician and nurses'' perspectives about PPE use, while providing direct care for EVD patients in the unprecedented conditions of the 2014-2016 EVD outbreak in West Africa and to incorporate these findings into the rapid advice guideline development process. The findings of the survey were presented at the guideline development meeting and incorporated into evidence-to-decision tables (Supplementary File 2) to inform the formulation of recommendations for PPE components in the context of an EVD outbreak. We developed the study protocol, obtained WHO ethics approval, contacted the participants, delivered the survey, analysed the data, and presented the findings as part of the evidence-to-decision tables at the expert panel meeting where the recommendations were formulated in a period of 8 weeks. abstract: Background: Ebola virus disease (EVD) health facility transmission can result in infection and death of health workers. The World Health Organization (WHO) supports countries in preparing for and responding to public health emergencies, which often require developing new guidance in short timelines with scarce evidence. The objective of this study was to understand frontline physicians’ and nurses’ perspectives about personal protective equipment (PPE) use during the 2014-2016 EVD outbreak in West Africa and to incorporate these findings into the development process of a WHO rapid advice guideline. Methods : We surveyed frontline physicians and nurses deployed to West Africa between March and September of 2014. Results: We developed the protocol, obtained ethics approval, delivered the survey, analysed the data and presented the findings as part of the evidence-to-decision tables at the expert panel meeting where the recommendations were formulated within eight weeks. Forty-four physicians and nurses responded to the survey. They generally felt at low or extremely low risk of virus transmission with all types of PPE used. Eye protection reduced the ability to provide care, mainly due to impaired visibility because of fogging. Heat and dehydration were a major issue for 76% of the participants using goggles and for 64% using a hood. Both gowns and coveralls were associated with significant heat stress and dehydration. Most participants (59%) were very confident that they were using PPE correctly. Conclusion : Our study demonstrated that it was possible to incorporate primary data on end-users’ preferences into a rapid advice guideline for a public health emergency in difficult field conditions. Health workers perceived a balance between transmission protection and ability to care for patients effectively while wearing PPE. These findings were used by the guideline development expert panel to formulate WHO recommendations on PPE for frontline providers caring for EVD patients in outbreak conditions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5820616/ doi: 10.12688/f1000research.12922.2 id: cord-293055-8scoocvx author: Deressa, W. title: Availability of personal protective equipment and satisfaction of healthcare professionals during COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia date: 2020-11-03 words: 7089.0 sentences: 350.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293055-8scoocvx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293055-8scoocvx.txt summary: Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess factors associated with the satisfaction level of healthcare workers with regard to the availability and use of proper PPE during the current COVID-19 pandemic. The independent predictors of the respondents satisfaction level about PPE were male gender (adjusted OR=1.39, 95% CI:1.05-1.85), healthcare workers who reported that PPE was adequately available in the hospital (adjusted OR=7.53, 95% CI:5.08-11.16), and preparedness to provide care to COVID-19 cases (adjusted OR=1.65, 95% CI:1.22-2.12). The purpose of this study was to assess the self-reported availability and use of PPE as well as satisfaction level of HCPs practicing in public hospitals in Addis Ababa during the current COVID-19 pandemic. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.30.20223149 doi: medRxiv preprint Table 5 shows the satisfaction level of HCPs with regard to the current availability and use of PPE in the study hospitals, and 54.7% (n=584) and 17.5% (n=187) of the respondents reported that they were unsatisfied or somewhat unsatisfied with the availability of PPE, respectively. abstract: Healthcare professionals (HCPs) are at the frontline in the fight against COVID-19 and are at an increased risk of becoming infected with coronavirus. Risk of infection can be minimized by use of proper personal protective equipment (PPE). This study assessed the availability of PPE and satisfaction of HCPs in six public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from 9th to 26th June 2020. The study hospitals included: Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Ghandi Memorial Hospital, Menelik II Hospital, Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College and St. Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data and Chi-square test was used to assess the association between the groups. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess factors associated with the satisfaction level of healthcare workers with regard to the availability and use of proper PPE during the current COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 1,134 (92.3%) valid questionnaires from a possible 1,228 were included in the analysis. The mean (SD) age of the participants was 30.26 (6.43) year and 52.6% were females. Nurses constituted about 40% of the overall sample, followed by physicians (22.2%), interns (10.8%), midwives (10.3%) and others (16.7%). An overall shortage of PPE was reported in all study hospitals. The majority (77%) of the healthcare professionals reported that their hospital did not have adequate PPE. A critical shortage of N95 respirator was particularly reported, the self-reported availability of N95 increased from 13% to 24% before and during COVID-19, respectively. The self-reported use of N95 increased from 9% to 21% before and during COVID-19, respectively. Almost 72% of the respondents were dissatisfied with the availability of PPE in their hospital. The independent predictors of the respondents satisfaction level about PPE were male gender (adjusted OR=1.39, 95% CI:1.05-1.85), healthcare workers who reported that PPE was adequately available in the hospital (adjusted OR=7.53, 95% CI:5.08-11.16), and preparedness to provide care to COVID-19 cases (adjusted OR=1.65, 95% CI:1.22-2.12). A critical shortage of appropriate PPE both before and during COVID-19 was identified. The high level of dissatisfaction with the availability of PPE might potentially lead to a lower level of preparedness and readiness to fight against COVID-19. Therefore, urgent efforts are needed to adequately supply the healthcare facilities with appropriate PPE to alleviate the challenges. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.30.20223149 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.30.20223149 id: cord-301402-andxwyi3 author: Ding, Benjamin Tze Keong title: Operating in a Pandemic: Lessons and Strategies from an Orthopaedic Unit at the Epicenter of COVID-19 in Singapore date: 2020-05-06 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: ➤. With severe limitations in manpower, facilities, and equipment, and the concern for nosocomial transmission, operating in a pandemic is fraught with danger from multiple fronts. ➤. Strategies to mitigate nosocomial spread include prioritization of existing patients, triaging and treatment of new patient encounters, infection control protocols, perioperative considerations, manpower management, and novel strategies for interdisciplinary interaction and education. ➤. The decision to proceed with or postpone surgery should be based on the urgency of the surgical procedure and the physiological health of the patient. ➤. When performing an operation on a patient who has suspected or confirmed infection with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), personal protection equipment should include hair covers, face shields or goggles, N95 respirator masks, a blood-borne pathogen-resistant surgical gown, shoe covers, and double-gloving with single-use gloves. ➤. Loose-fitting, powered air-purifying respirators should be considered for prolonged surgeries. ➤. An astutely formulated and comprehensive business continuity plan is an orthopaedic unit’s best strategy for maintaining critical standards, discipline, and morale in severe and prolonged outbreaks. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32618915/ doi: 10.2106/jbjs.20.00568 id: cord-026765-cw4rh1on author: Dingle, M. title: Altered exodontia techniques date: 2020-06-12 words: 1592.0 sentences: 79.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-026765-cw4rh1on.txt txt: ./txt/cord-026765-cw4rh1on.txt summary: authors: Dingle, M.; Irshad, H.; McKernon, S.; Taylor, K. dosing protocols as accurately as possible (to standardise the dosing), and we anticipate the that the product will be available mid-May, initially in a 5L presentation, primarily for dentists, while a nasal and throat spray will follow in late May primarily for pre-procedural use in the hospital setting. Sir, we write to inform your readers about techniques for non-surgical exodontia we have adapted to at Liverpool University Dental Hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic. As cases in our population grew the dental clinic went on an emergency only protocol and to date we have provided dental care to almost 500 patients and performed approximately over 100 dental emergency procedures. Sir, I would like to share my thoughts and experiences on how COVID-19 has affected me as a year 13 student, applying to university to study dentistry this September. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7294210/ doi: 10.1038/s41415-020-1726-0 id: cord-339614-28s205p8 author: Dover, Jeffrey S. title: A Path to Resume Aesthetic Care: Executive Summary of Project AesCert Guidance Supplement—Practical Considerations for Aesthetic Medicine Professionals Supporting Clinic Preparedness in Response to the SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak date: 2020-05-01 words: 12532.0 sentences: 440.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339614-28s205p8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339614-28s205p8.txt summary: Patient communication-establishing appropriate expectations for office visits and attendant risks; Clinic schedule management-considerations for schedule modification to convert non-treatment interactions to telehealth consultations, separate patients from one another in the office and avoid unnecessary staff contact; Facility management-physical modification of office common areas and treatment rooms, as well as check-in and check-out procedures, to promote safe practices and physical distancing; Cleaning procedures-discussion of disinfection methods and practices in each office area, ranging from medical instruments and treatment rooms to administrative items and reception areas; Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for providers, staff and patients-recommendations for PPE types and use depending upon procedure-based risk assessment, and recognizing current global equipment shortages; Employee health screening and training-procedures and methods for identifying staff members who may be unwell before, during, and after work, and training of staff to identify potential COVID-19 presentation in coworkers, patients, and other office visitors; risks associated with exposure to known or suspected COVID-19-positive individuals are also discussed; Patient health and screening-procedures and methods for symptom recognition in patients before, during, and after office visits, with follow-up monitoring where appropriate; Remedial measures following onsite symptom presentation-a framework for addressing isolation of symptomatic individuals, office containment and disinfection, and contact tracing; Treatment room setup-preparing and securing treatment rooms for patient entry to contain office contamination and reduce overall potential COVID-19 exposure; and Aesthetic treatment considerations-pretreatment preparation and precautions, and other suggestions for minimizing risk of transmission in performing the most common types of office-based aesthetic procedures, such as neurotoxin and dermal filler injections, noninvasive body contouring, lasers and other similar energy-emitting devices, and a range of medical skin care treatments. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32374192/ doi: 10.1089/fpsam.2020.0239 id: cord-264614-2x7cdul3 author: Díaz-Guio, Diego Andrés title: COVID-19: Biosafety in the Intensive Care Unit date: 2020-08-27 words: 3857.0 sentences: 228.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264614-2x7cdul3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264614-2x7cdul3.txt summary: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: COVID-19 is a new, highly transmissible disease to which healthcare workers (HCWs) are exposed, especially in the intensive care unit (ICU). This article aims to show the different strategies to prevent the widespread of the disease to critical care healthcare workers based on the review of the recent literature and the author''s experience with the personal protective equipment (PPE) in the care of patients with COVID-19 and work on human factors in crisis management. Nonetheless, to date, there is no robust evidence that medical masks are inferior to N95/FFP2 respirators for protecting healthcare workers against laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 during patients care and non-AGPs [31] . While personal protective equipment is an essential part of safety to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission, it must be employed appropriately, together with frequent hand hygiene, and mastering specific techniques and non-technical skills like awareness, closed-loop communication, leadership, team working, appropriate resource management, and cognitive aids [14, 34] . abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: COVID-19 is a new, highly transmissible disease to which healthcare workers (HCWs) are exposed, especially in the intensive care unit (ICU). Information related to protection mechanisms is heterogeneous, and the infected HCWs’ number is increasing. This review intends to summarize the current knowledge and practices to protect ICU personnel during the patient management process in the context of the current pandemic. RECENT FINDINGS: The transmission mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 are mainly respiratory droplets, aerosols, and contact. The virus can last for a few hours suspended in the air and be viable on surfaces for several days. Some procedures carried out in the ICU can generate aerosols. The shortage of respirators, such as the N95, has generated an increase in the demand for other protective equipment in critical care settings. SUMMARY: The probability of transmission depends on the characteristics of the pathogen, the availability of quality personal protective equipment, and the human factors associated with the performance of health workers. It is necessary to have knowledge of the virus and availability of the best possible personal protection equipment, develop skills for handling equipment, and develop non-technical skills during all intensive care process; this can be achieved through structured training. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40475-020-00208-z doi: 10.1007/s40475-020-00208-z id: cord-266905-j9ljwqv0 author: Ecker, Jeffrey L. title: Laboring Alone?: Brief Thoughts on Ethics and Practical Answers During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-15 words: 3575.0 sentences: 171.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266905-j9ljwqv0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266905-j9ljwqv0.txt summary: Condensation: To minimize risk of exposure to health care workers, some have proposed eliminating 4 spouses, partners and other visitors to support women during their labor and delivery. In most institutions, however, labor and delivery units have been rare exceptions to the "no-visitor" 23 rules, for visitors there are felt to have, in the words of the New York Department of Health, an 24 "essential" role in process of care, and not having a partner present for the birth of a child seems 25 unimaginable,unkind and, for some, even traumatic. As 100 noted above, the process of labor and delivery requires close quarters, but it is difficult to estimate the 101 true incremental risk that comes with accompanying and supporting a patient, especially if members of 102 the health care team are symptom free and wearing appropriate PPE. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100141 doi: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100141 id: cord-258965-g47n531n author: Ekpenyong, Bernadine title: Assessment of Knowledge, Practice and Guidelines towards the Novel COVID-19 among Eye Care Practitioners in Nigeria–A Survey-Based Study date: 2020-07-16 words: 4732.0 sentences: 209.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258965-g47n531n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258965-g47n531n.txt summary: The aim of this study was to explore knowledge, practice of risk and guidelines of the novel corona virus disease (COVID-19) infection among the eye care practitioners and the potential associated factors. ECPs in Nigeria displayed good knowledge about COVID-19 and provided eye care services during the COVID-19 lockdown in Nigeria, despite the majority not receiving any training on the use of PPEs with concerns over attending to patients. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge and practice of COVID-19 exposure risk among ECPs as well as understand their confidence in current Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH) guidelines for identifying possible COVID-19 cases, knowledge of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) recommendations and training in its usage when managing such cases. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on practitioners, their family members and practices, including questions on their confidence in the current FMoH guidelines for identifying possible COVID-19 cases, their knowledge of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) recommendations, and training in its usage during consultation were assessed. abstract: The aim of this study was to explore knowledge, practice of risk and guidelines of the novel corona virus disease (COVID-19) infection among the eye care practitioners and the potential associated factors. A cross-sectional self-administered online survey was distributed via emails and social media networks between 2nd and 18th May 2020 corresponding to the week of the lockdown in Nigeria to eye care practitioners (ECPs). Data for 823 respondents were analyzed. Knowledge and risk practice were categorized as binary outcome and univariate and multivariate linear regression were used to examine the associated factors. The mean score for COVID-19-related knowledge of public health guidelines was high and varied across the ECPs. Ophthalmic Nurses, Ophthalmologists and Optometrists showed higher COVID-19-related knowledge than other ECPs (p < 0.001), particularly those working in the private sector. More than 50% of ECPs stated they provided essential services during the COVID-19 lockdown via physical consultation, particularly the Ophthalmologists. Most respondents reported that the guidelines provided by their Association were useful but expressed their lack of confidence in attending to patients during and after the COVID-19 lockdown. Compared to other ECPs in Nigeria, more Ophthalmic Nurses received training in the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). This survey is the first to assess knowledge, attitudes and practice in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria. ECPs in Nigeria displayed good knowledge about COVID-19 and provided eye care services during the COVID-19 lockdown in Nigeria, despite the majority not receiving any training on the use of PPEs with concerns over attending to patients. There is need for the government to strengthen health systems by improving and extending training on standard infection prevention and control measures to ECPs for effective control of the pandemic and in the future as essential health workers. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145141 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17145141 id: cord-271048-tq1sk01g author: Ellis, R. title: Operating during the COVID-19 pandemic: How to reduce medical error date: 2020-04-13 words: 1681.0 sentences: 101.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271048-tq1sk01g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271048-tq1sk01g.txt summary: Many surgical colleagues are being trained in managing unwell patients suffering with coronavirus on the wards, others have been supporting emergency departments and intensive care units. Despite covering an increasing number of patients admitted with COVID-19, surgeons will still be dealing with emergency surgical admissions and will continue to operate on emergency cases. In light of these new and unfamiliar challenges, there are resources available to help surgeons revise their knowledge of acute medicine and receive updates on COVID-19 via webinars 5, 6 ; critical care websites with up to date guidelines and handbooks (such as the intensive care society: www.ics.ac.uk/ICS/handbooks.aspx); Systemic Training in Acute Illness Recognition and Treatment for Surgery (START) course, that includes a human factors presentation, on the RCS website; Non-Technical Skills for Surgeons course (NOTSS) presentations are available on the RCS Edinburgh website (www.rcsed.ac.uk) to both members and non-members. abstract: Our professional and private lives changed on March 11 2020 when the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic by the WHO. By March 16, surgical training was suspended, MRCS and FRCS examinations cancelled and all courses postponed. In theory, essential cancer surgery, emergency and trauma operating will continue. All elective, non-essential cases are currently cancelled. While we adapt to our new ways of working, we remind ourselves that surgeons are flexible, resilient and, ultimately, we are doctors in the first instance. We present a short article on operating during the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32312584/ doi: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.04.002 id: cord-349008-x750xe8n author: Ertl-Wagner, Birgit B. title: Preparedness for the COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary pediatric radiology department date: 2020-06-03 words: 6373.0 sentences: 294.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349008-x750xe8n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349008-x750xe8n.txt summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32495178/ doi: 10.1007/s00247-020-04704-2 id: cord-335648-lbmhprjn author: Estrich, Cameron G. title: Estimating COVID-19 prevalence and infection control practices among US dentists date: 2020-10-15 words: 4197.0 sentences: 207.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335648-lbmhprjn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335648-lbmhprjn.txt summary: Dentists from every US state (n = 2,195) answered questions about COVID-19–associated symptoms, SARS-CoV-2 infection, mental and physical health conditions, and infection control procedures used in their primary dental practices. As early as March 2020, Journal of Dental Research published the infection control guidelines that dentists at Wuhan University used, 7 and, in April and May 2020, the American Dental Association (ADA) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), respectively, released interim guidance on infection control protocols and changes to the practice and office environments. In this article, we used the first month of study data to estimate the prevalence of COVID-19 among US dentists and to determine the rate of compliance with CDC and ADA infection prevention and control procedures. 14, 15 Respondents who reported providing oral health care in the past month were asked about infection prevention or control procedures in their primary dental practice. abstract: BACKGROUND: Understanding the risks associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission during oral health care delivery and assessing mitigation strategies for dental offices are critical to improving patient safety and access to oral health care. METHODS: The authors invited licensed US dentists practicing primarily in private practice or public health to participate in a web-based survey in June 2020. Dentists from every US state (n = 2,195) answered questions about COVID-19–associated symptoms, SARS-CoV-2 infection, mental and physical health conditions, and infection control procedures used in their primary dental practices. RESULTS: Most of the dentists (82.2%) were asymptomatic for 1 month before administration of the survey; 16.6% reported being tested for SARS-CoV-2; and 3.7%, 2.7%, and 0% tested positive via respiratory, blood, and salivary samples, respectively. Among those not tested, 0.3% received a probable COVID-19 diagnosis from a physician. In all, 20 of the 2,195 respondents had been infected with SARS-CoV-2; weighted according to age and location to approximate all US dentists, 0.9% (95% confidence interval, 0.5 to 1.5) had confirmed or probable COVID-19. Dentists reported symptoms of depression (8.6%) and anxiety (19.5%). Enhanced infection control procedures were implemented in 99.7% of dentists’ primary practices, most commonly disinfection, COVID-19 screening, social distancing, and wearing face masks. Most practicing dentists (72.8%) used personal protective equipment according to interim guidance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 prevalence and testing positivity rates were low among practicing US dentists. This indicates that the current infection control recommendations may be sufficient to prevent infection in dental settings. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Dentists have enhanced their infection control practices in response to COVID-19 and may benefit from greater availability of personal protective equipment. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04423770. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33071007/ doi: 10.1016/j.adaj.2020.09.005 id: cord-330870-l0ryikhv author: Eubanks, Allison title: Obstetric Simulation for a Pandemic date: 2020-07-23 words: 3232.0 sentences: 160.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330870-l0ryikhv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330870-l0ryikhv.txt summary: Conclusion: In the current COVID-19 pandemic, simulating obstetrical patient care from presentation to the hospital triage through postpartum care can prepare teams for even the most complicated patients while increasing their ability to protect themselves and their patients. Conclusion: In the current COVID-19 pandemic, simulating obstetrical patient care from presentation to the hospital triage through postpartum care can prepare teams for even the most complicated patients while increasing their ability to protect themselves and their patients. Communication, teamwork, and process efficiency are dramatically increased with simulations, which is why they are quickly being adapted as an essential part of medical training for small team events like codes and postpartum hemorrhages and large-scale, multi-hospital emergencies, disasters, and pandemics. The Ebola outbreak in 2014-2016 was the most recent event that demonstrated a need for pandemic and disaster preparedness throughout the country, as hospitals quickly realized they did not have plans for admitting, transporting, and caring for these highly contagious patients 6, 8, 15, 16 . abstract: OBJECTIVE: In the middle of the COVID-19 pandemic, guidelines and recommendations are rapidly evolving. Providers strive to provide safe high-quality care for their patients in the already high-risk specialty of Obstetrics while also considering the risk that this virus adds to their patients and themselves. From other pandemics, evidence exists that simulation is the most effective way to prepare teams, build understanding and confidence, and increase patient and provider safety. FINDING: Practicing in-situ multidisciplinary simulations in the hospital setting has illustrated key opportunities for improvement that should be considered when caring for a patient with possible COVID-19. CONCLUSION: In the current COVID-19 pandemic, simulating obstetrical patient care from presentation to the hospital triage through postpartum care can prepare teams for even the most complicated patients while increasing their ability to protect themselves and their patients. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S014600052030077X doi: 10.1016/j.semperi.2020.151294 id: cord-344262-5yk1keg3 author: Evans, Lauran K. title: COVID-19 Drive-Through Point of Screening and Testing (POST) System: A Safe, Efficient, and Adaptable Model for Nasopharyngeal Swab Collection date: 2020-09-02 words: 4337.0 sentences: 203.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344262-5yk1keg3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344262-5yk1keg3.txt summary: METHODS: Initially, a small drive-through site was constructed at a converted tuberculosis clinic, but due to an increase in testing needs, an expanded point of screening and testing (POST) system was developed in an event center parking lot to administer tests to a higher volume of patients. CONCLUSIONS: This POST drive-through system serves as an efficient, safe, and adaptable model for high volume COVID-19 nasopharyngeal swabbing that the authors recommend other COVID-19 testing sites nationwide consider adopting for their own use. The authors also believe that the WCHD POST system, similar to those previously reported in the literature, represents a particularly efficient, safe, and adaptable model for COVID-19 testing, and recommend that other COVID-19 testing sites nationwide consider adopting it for their own purposes. The following parameters were collected from the WCHD: COVID-19 tests performed each day, number of required staff and their responsibilities, positive COVID-19 tests per week, PPE use per shift, distances of the POST system route via measurement wheel, and safety concerns. abstract: OBJECTIVE: The authors aim to demonstrate that the current drive-through testing model at a health district was improved in certain parameters compared with a previous testing protocol, and to provide the methodology of the current model for other coronavirus disease (COVID-19) testing sites to potentially emulate. METHODS: Initially, a small drive-through site was constructed at a converted tuberculosis clinic, but due to an increase in testing needs, an expanded point of screening and testing (POST) system was developed in an event center parking lot to administer tests to a higher volume of patients. RESULTS: An average of 51.1 patients was tested each day (2.0 tests per personnel in personal protective equipment [PPE] per hour) at the initial tuberculosis clinic drive-through site, which increased to 217.8 patients tested each day (5.9 tests per personnel in PPE per hour) with the new drive-through POST system (P < 0.001). Mean testing time was 3.4 minutes and the total time on-site averaged 14.4 minutes. CONCLUSIONS: This POST drive-through system serves as an efficient, safe, and adaptable model for high volume COVID-19 nasopharyngeal swabbing that the authors recommend other COVID-19 testing sites nationwide consider adopting for their own use. url: https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2020.313 doi: 10.1017/dmp.2020.313 id: cord-316682-4360s2yu author: Fischer, William A. title: Personal Protective Equipment: Protecting Health Care Providers in an Ebola Outbreak date: 2015-11-01 words: 5052.0 sentences: 241.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316682-4360s2yu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316682-4360s2yu.txt summary: Given that the Ebola virus is primarily transmitted through direct contact of mucous membranes and cuts in the skin with infected patients and/or their bodily fluids, it is necessary to cover these potential portals of infection with PPE as part of a structured and instructed donning and doffing procedure. Personal protective equipment (PPE) plays a critical role in mitigating the risk of health care personnel (HCP) exposure to contaminated body fluids in the care of patients with communicable infectious diseases, including EVD. 5 In the PAPR PPE set HCP wore a Tyvek (DuPont, Wilmington, Delaware) suit, shoe covers, a surgical gown, and a large hood, whereas the enhanced respiratory and contact precautions system included only a surgical gown, indicating that a second covering significantly reduced exposure to contaminated body fluids and provided evidence for the use of aprons on top of gowns or coveralls in the care of Ebola-infected patients. abstract: Abstract Purpose The recent Ebola epidemic that devastated West Africa has infected and killed more health care providers than any other outbreak in the history of this virus. An improved understanding of pathogen transmission and the institution of strategies to protect health care providers against infection are needed in infectious disease outbreaks. This review connects what is known about Ebola virus transmission with personal protective equipment (PPE) designed to arrest nosocomial transmission. Methods Articles pertaining to filovirus transmission and PPE in filovirus outbreaks were reviewed and findings are presented. In addition, studies that evaluated PPE and donning and doffing strategies are presented. Findings PPE is one step in a comprehensive infection prevention and control strategy that is required to protect health care providers. Given that the Ebola virus is primarily transmitted through direct contact of mucous membranes and cuts in the skin with infected patients and/or their bodily fluids, it is necessary to cover these potential portals of infection with PPE as part of a structured and instructed donning and doffing procedure. Implications Current recommendations about PPE and the donning and doffing processes are based on anecdotal experience. However, the use of non-human viruses can help provide evidence-based guidelines on both PPE and donning and doffing processes. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2015.07.007 doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2015.07.007 id: cord-319865-g3qxu6uv author: Frountzas, Maximos title: Personal protective equipment against COVID-19: Vital for surgeons, harmful for patients? date: 2020-09-21 words: 1309.0 sentences: 70.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319865-g3qxu6uv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319865-g3qxu6uv.txt summary: All surgical societies published specific criteria about high-risk surgical procedures and management of oncologic patients with alternative treatment options, such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy, after discussion by virtual Tumor Boards, that included surgeons, medical oncologists and radiologists [3] . Therefore, the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES), followed by most GI surgical communities all over the world, suggested the following PPE during GI surgery of a confirmed or highly suspected COVID-19 patient [7] : Surgical gowns, caps and shoe covers for skin and clothing protection. In addition, 91.3% of the healthcare workers with a primary headache in the past, reported that the prolonged (over 4 hours) use of PPE during COVID-19 outburst worsened their headaches and affected their job performance [9] . The PPE-associated discomfort and side effects during surgery may increase surgeons'' anxiety and fatigue while performing difficult operations. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0002961020305833 doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.09.014 id: cord-277167-qdi6hu82 author: Fuzaylov, Gennadiy title: Adjustment for international surgical outreach missions due to COVID-19 date: 2020-07-30 words: 805.0 sentences: 55.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277167-qdi6hu82.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277167-qdi6hu82.txt summary: Doctors Collaborating to help Children is one such non-profit organization which started a global health campaign to improve burn care in Ukraine [4] . The incidence of burn injury, and other surgically treated diseases is unlikely to acutely change in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic, undoubtably creating an increase in patients seeking care [5] . However, discontinuing international surgical missions is critical in preventing regional viral spread, preserving PPE, and protecting ourselves and our patients. In line with CDC recommendations to increase telemedicine care, we encourage providers involved in surgical outreach to do the same. Limitations in testing and ventilators, PPE requirements, and a call for reducing global spread necessitate a stop in international travel for providers involved in surgical outreach missions. We continuing to work with doctors and health care ministers abroad remotely through increasing telemedicine efforts. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32830001/ doi: 10.1016/j.burns.2020.07.016 id: cord-314492-483rn3aw author: Gallagher, Jennifer E. title: Relevance and paucity of evidence: a dental perspective on personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-24 words: 2849.0 sentences: 147.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314492-483rn3aw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314492-483rn3aw.txt summary: It examined evidence on which type of full body PPE and which method of donning (putting on) or doffing (removing) are most effective, while having the least risk of contamination or infection for healthcare workers, as well as which training methods increase compliance with PPE protocols. The global COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, 1 has highlighted the importance of personal protective equipment (PPE) for health and social care personnel. The global COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, 1 has highlighted the importance of personal protective equipment (PPE) for health and social care personnel. 8 The evidence from this review is of great importance where there is a risk of highly infectious diseases, and even though COVID-19 is no longer considered to be a high consequence disease in the UK, 9 its findings remain relevant to the current pandemic 10 and continue to be updated. abstract: The global COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has highlighted the importance of personal protective equipment (PPE) for health and social care personnel. This is a really important issue for dentistry, where we place great emphasis on infection control and universal precautions, given the nature of care provided. Cochrane have recently updated their review of PPE for preventing highly infectious diseases due to exposure to contaminated body fluids in healthcare staff. It examined evidence on which type of full body PPE and which method of donning (putting on) or doffing (removing) are most effective, while having the least risk of contamination or infection for healthcare workers, as well as which training methods increase compliance with PPE protocols. The objective of this paper is to raise awareness of the above review of PPE, its findings and their relevance to dentistry as outlined in the Cochrane Oral Health website. The available evidence comes from healthcare generally, mostly involving simulation exercises, and is of low or very low certainty. None of the evidence specifically comes from dentistry. The findings in relation to the nature of PPE, methods of donning and doffing, and the importance of training are all of practical relevance to dentistry. Research is critically important to provide evidence for future decision making in support of patients and staff. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32710059/ doi: 10.1038/s41415-020-1843-9 id: cord-342642-qzoowc97 author: García-Méndez, Nayely title: Anesthesiologists and the High Risk of Exposure to COVID-19 date: 2020-05-04 words: 250.0 sentences: 23.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342642-qzoowc97.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342642-qzoowc97.txt summary: key: cord-342642-qzoowc97 title: Anesthesiologists and the High Risk of Exposure to COVID-19 cord_uid: qzoowc97 (1) PPE are all the set of elements and devices, that are specifically designed to protect the HCP against accidents and illnesses that could be caused by agents during the performance of their daily basis activities as well as in the emergency care; and (2) the occupational risk related to the exposure of the HCP must be identified and analyzed. The JCI has been calling for action at all government levels to address the shortage and protect those who work heroically to care for infected patients with COVID-19. We can confirm that in Mexico, there have been "hospital outbreaks" with 329 HCPs who have been infected with COVID-19 throughout the country. Prevención y control de infección en enfermedades respiratorias agudas con tendencia epidémica y pandémica durante la atención sanitaria Pautas. Available at: www.paho.org/es/documentos/ prevencion-control-infeccion-enfermedades-respiratoriasagudas-con-tendencia-epidemica Anesthesiologists and the High Risk of Exposure to COVID-19 abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1213/ane.0000000000004919 doi: 10.1213/ane.0000000000004919 id: cord-280419-odqo3o4w author: Gibbons, John P. title: Custom solution for PPE in the orthopaedic setting: retrofitting Stryker Flyte T5® PPE system date: 2020-10-26 words: 4111.0 sentences: 167.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280419-odqo3o4w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280419-odqo3o4w.txt summary: In this study the authors made modifications to two different SS systems to incorporate high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters to the inlets to the fan to assess their potential as a method of providing a reusable system for PPE for the surgeon with regard to protection from a respiratory droplet spread virus. The results show that using a layer of HEPA filter cut to size, and sealed to the inlet for the fan in the helmet will reduce the downstream particulate at the user''s mouth by over 99.5% which is equivalent to that of a respirator mask. With the modification of the HEPA filter to the inlet of the T5 helmet as described, the downstream penetration was reduced to 0.46% (σ = 0.24%) which is significantly better than all other test configurations and offers a particulate filtration similar to FFP3 and N99 or other equivalent respirator mask. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has meant that there is growing pressure on hospital resources not least the availability of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), specifically, facemasks and respirator masks. Within the field of orthopaedic surgery, it is a common sight to see orthopaedic surgery carried out in “space suits” (SS) which comprise of a helmet, hood and surgical gown. In this study the authors made modifications to two different SS systems to incorporate high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters to the inlets to the fan to assess their potential as a method of providing a reusable system for PPE for the surgeon with regard to protection from a respiratory droplet spread virus. The testing was carried out using particle counter upstream and downstream on a manikin wearing two different SS systems with and without modifications to the inlet. The results show that using a layer of HEPA filter cut to size, and sealed to the inlet for the fan in the helmet will reduce the downstream particulate at the user’s mouth by over 99.5% which is equivalent to that of a respirator mask. HEPA filter material is relatively cheap and can be used repeatedly making this a viable alternative to disposable, and even re-sterilized, respirator masks in the setting of a respiratory droplet spread viral pandemic. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195670120304977?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.10.016 id: cord-314460-dbrp4vxc author: Gibbs, Shawn G. title: Review of Literature for Air Medical Evacuation High-Level Containment Transport date: 2019-10-31 words: 4806.0 sentences: 223.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314460-dbrp4vxc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314460-dbrp4vxc.txt summary: We conducted a review of the literature to evaluate the processes and procedures utilized for safe AE high-level containment transport (AE-HLCT) of patients with HHCDs. Methods A literature search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE (from 1966 through January 2019). A literature search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE (from 1966 through January 2019) with the following terms: 1) "aeromedical isolation," 2) "aeromedical evacuation" OR "transportation of patients" OR "air ambulance" OR "HEMS" OR "Helicopter" AND "ebola" OR "lassa" OR "viral hemorrhagic" OR "highly infectious" OR "highly hazardous" OR "contagious" OR "communicable" OR "Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)" OR "SARS" OR "smallpox", and 3) "mobile" OR "transport" AND "high-level isolation" OR "high containment". Biselli et al 22 noted training includes personal protective equipment (PPE), patient management on ground and inflight, and equipment decontamination, whereas Christopher and Eitzen, 17 24 which detailed a 2006 Royal Air Force mission, remarked on the benefit of in-flight, just-in-time training that occurred on the flight to the patient, while also stating that the mission resulted in routine air transport isolator exercises. abstract: Abstract Introduction Aeromedical evacuation (AE) is a challenging process, further complicated when a patient has a highly hazardous communicable disease (HHCD). We conducted a review of the literature to evaluate the processes and procedures utilized for safe AE high-level containment transport (AE-HLCT) of patients with HHCDs. Methods A literature search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE (from 1966 through January 2019). Authors screened abstracts for inclusion criteria and full articles were reviewed if the abstract was deemed to contain information related to the aim. Results Our search criteria yielded 14 publications and were separated based upon publication dates, with the natural break point being the beginning of the 2013-2016 Ebola virus disease epidemic. Best practices and recommendations from identified articles are subdivided into pre-flight preparations, inflight operations, and post-flight procedures. Conclusions Limited peer-reviewed literature exists on AE-HLCT, including important aspects related to healthcare worker fatigue, alertness, shift scheduling, and clinical care performance. This hinders the sharing of best practices to inform evacuations and equip teams for future outbreaks. Despite the successful use of different aircraft and technologies, the unique nature of the mission opens the opportunity for greater coordination and development of consensus standards for AE-HLCT operations. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31578975/ doi: 10.1016/j.amj.2019.06.006 id: cord-270781-f9nra823 author: Gulia, Ashish title: Sarcoma Care Practice in India During COVID Pandemic: A Nationwide Survey date: 2020-07-31 words: 3355.0 sentences: 195.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270781-f9nra823.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270781-f9nra823.txt summary: We conducted a survey amongst oncologists across India who are involved in the management of bone and soft tissue sarcomas, to analyse the patterns of screening, prioritising, and managing these patients within the constraints of resources and policies available with them. The purpose of this survey was to determine the consistency, or the lack of it, in the patterns of care offered to sarcoma patients between centres and the policies followed. This survey covered three main domains (a) participants speciality and working environment (b) Institutes'' policies related general COVID-19 prevention and management (c) practices related to musculoskeletal tumor management in COVID-19 pandemic. Surgical management of sarcomas was as per usual only in 15.5% of respondents, with the rest adapting, including 42% who were avoiding procedures requiring long duration and blood loss, 27% were operating only emergency cases, while in 15.5% surgery was done only in high grade sarcomas with curative intent (Fig. 5) . abstract: BACKGROUND: Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, management of cancer has been one of the most intensely debated topics across the globe. We conducted an online survey to determine the consistency/or the lack of it, in the management of sarcoma patients between centres and the changes in policies. METHODS: A twenty-five question online survey was conducted among practicing physicians over a period of 10 days using online portal (surveymonkey.com). It was followed by a critical analysis based on responses to each question. RESULTS: Of 194 medical professionals who participated, 80% were surgeons and 53% were working in government institutes. Most respondents (81%) continued their practice with some modifications. In OP majority (67%) relied only on symptom, contact enquiry and temperature recording for screening. COVID-19 testing was done more (43%) in IP patients. Most of institutes (83%) followed rotational policy to reduce the number of staff at risk while 57% offered an alternate accommodation. 52.3% continued chemotherapy for all patients while radiotherapy for all was offered by 45%. In metastatic cases, majority preferred either no treatment or non-surgical intervention (71%).84.5% believed in adapting changes (42%—avoid supra major surgeries, 27%—Operating only emergency cases and 15.5%—High grade sarcomas with curative intent) in surgical management of sarcomas. For benign bone tumors, majority (71%) agreed on adapting changes while 25% agreed on deferring all cases. 69% preferred teleconsultations for follow-up. Complete PPE were being used for all aerosol generating procedures by 44%. Only two thirds agreed with their institutes policy of PPE usage and COVID-19 testing. CONCLUSION: This survey has highlighted disparity on COVID-19 screening and management in various institutes across the country. This will act as a reference point for tracking future trends in bone and soft tissue tumor management guidelines, as the COVID-19 scenario unfolds globally and particularly in India. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32836364/ doi: 10.1007/s43465-020-00206-3 id: cord-027880-1apexs6o author: Hankenson, F. Claire title: Vaporized Hydrogen Peroxide Decontamination of N95 Respirators in a Dedicated Animal Research Facility for Reuse During a Novel Coronavirus Pandemic date: 2020-06-24 words: 3878.0 sentences: 164.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-027880-1apexs6o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-027880-1apexs6o.txt summary: To contribute to the decontamination effort for PPE needed in health sites in proximity to our institution, we repurposed a vacant animal research housing facility to establish a center for application of vaporized hydrogen peroxide (VHP) to disinfect critical medical materials for their return into service. 22 Building on our decontamination efforts to date, the VHP process for human medical equipment was assessed internally with the intent to return disinfected N95 respirators to their original owners at our hospital partner sites and assist safety groups (police and fire departments) with equipment disinfection across the state of Michigan. Institutions with AAALAC-accredited animal research areas, all of which comply with regulated environmental controls, will be able to use our protocols, specific VHP cycle times, and BI exposure and collection instructions to deliver VHP decontamination of used medical materials for their regions as well. abstract: INTRODUCTION: During the COVID-19 pandemic, health care systems and safety providers have faced an unprecedented challenge of limited access to personal protective equipment (PPE) to conduct patient and public care. In federal emergencies, reuse of PPE after disinfection can occur by processes, like vaporized hydrogen peroxide (VHP), recommended by the Centers for Disease and Control and Prevention. We identified a vacant animal holding facility at our institution to repurpose into a regional VHP decontamination center. METHODS: The facility is a multiroom, 20 000 ft(2) building with control of HVAC to adjust to VHP conditional requirements. H(2)O(2) was delivered to rooms using robotic HaloFoggers, dispersing H(2)O(2) vapor and increasingly concentrated microdroplets as a fog for a timed period based on cubic footage of rooms. RESULTS: Fogging cycles eliminated 6-log Geobacillus stearothermophilus up to 7 days postcycle. Functional efficacy of treated N95s was confirmed by fit tests of institutional personnel. Signage, process flow mapping, and training materials facilitated ease of workflow and adherence to safety expectations within the building. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Our study determined that a variety of N95 respirator types and sizes were able to be cleared of potential bacterial and viral agents using VHP in a controlled fog/dwell/exhaust cycle. This repurposed animal facility has the capacity to decontaminate up to 6700 respirators daily, which will address the predicted surge of COVID-19 cases in the state, and ultimately allow each respirator to be reused multiple times. There is no other public site in the region with our capacity to offset the continued supply chain issues for PPE needs. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7315381/ doi: 10.1177/1535676020936381 id: cord-351527-u12obtvp author: Harvey, Jessica title: Perspectives COVID-19 and PPE in context: an interview with China date: 2020-05-30 words: 1528.0 sentences: 86.0 pages: flesch: 65.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351527-u12obtvp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351527-u12obtvp.txt summary: In addition, the time taken to transport product ex-China has increased-previously our freight forwarder could move express items to the UK within 3 working days direct from our Chinese factories by air. We are advising our customers to seriously consider ordering with a buffer of 1-3 months worth of stock as lead time for PPE such as gowns and aprons is now up to 30 days including shipping to the UK even via express air freight. Under the extensive lead times currently required (and increasing) and the inherent uncertainty in the situation we are advising our customers, including NHS and care homes, to put in orders now and plan to stock up for the near future''. New rules imposed by the Chinese government mean that PPE for the international market is subject to stricter quality requirements compared to the products meant for the local Chinese health service. abstract: The author aims to depict the current COVID-19 pandemic and personal protective equipment (PPE) crisis in the UK. The current situation is put into context exploring the history of global outbreaks of infectious disease and what has been learnt. These lessons are then applied and weighed against the recent response to coronavirus. An in depth interview with a UK biomedical SME based in Shanghai, China is reported in order to inform future procurement of PPE. It is hoped that an appreciation of the dynamic nature of the market will allow adaptations to be made in order to secure reliable supply chains moving forwards. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32478853/ doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa077 id: cord-255264-2kj961en author: Hasan, Syed Shahzad title: Social distancing and the use of PPE by community pharmacy personnel: Does evidence support these measures? date: 2020-05-01 words: 2233.0 sentences: 104.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255264-2kj961en.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255264-2kj961en.txt summary: While the United States adopted a universal mask approach and Turkey recommended the use of masks and protective goggles for their pharmacy personnel, almost all of the countries recommended against routine use of face mask and other PPE (gloves or aprons/gowns), except when dealing with suspected COVID-19 patients or performing activities requiring close contact (unable to maintain recommended social distance) with the patients. Though the observation from such case study cannot be regarded as conclusive, the assumption, for now, should be that airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is possible unless being discredited in the future, and therefore we opine that the wearing of appropriate PPE is of utmost importance for healthcare workers, including community pharmacy personnel dealing with individuals may or may not be infected on a day-to-day basis, regardless if they manage to observe social distancing in their workplace or if they perform close contact activities. abstract: Community pharmacists are one of the most accessible healthcare professionals and are often served as the first point of contact when it comes to minor ailments and health advice. As such, community pharmacists can play a vital role in a country's response to various preventative and public health measures amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the essential nature of community pharmacy as a health service, community pharmacies are unlikely to shut down in any foreseeable lockdown scenario. It is therefore important to assess the preventative measure directives for community pharmacies that are in place to safeguard community pharmacy personnel from SARS-CoV-2 in the various parts of the world. Upon reviewing the recommendations of 15 selected countries across five continents (Asia, Europe, Oceania, North America, and Africa) on social distancing and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) in community pharmacies, we found inconsistencies in the recommended social distance to be practiced within the community pharmacies. There were also varying recommendations on the use of PPE by the pharmacy personnel. Despite the differences in the recommendations, maintaining recommended social distance and the wearing of appropriate PPE is of utmost importance for healthcare workers, including community pharmacy personnel dealing with day-to-day patient care activities, though full PPE should be worn when dealing with suspected COVID-19 patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32387229/ doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.04.033 id: cord-017569-fv88n70v author: Hewlett, Angela title: Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Preparedness date: 2017-09-10 words: 11178.0 sentences: 457.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-017569-fv88n70v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-017569-fv88n70v.txt summary: Although each facility may wish to tailor the composition of the HICS team to their own particular needs, and each situation may require adjustment, key team members would typically include logisticians to plan to replenish PPE supply levels and address waste management issues, a public information officer (PIO), medical technical specialists to include infectious disease physicians and nurse leaders to manage the clinical care of the patient and staffing within the patient care unit, a laboratorian to address testing logistics and specimen transport challenges, a clinical research expert to facilitate the use of experimental therapies when necessary, a nurse concierge or other dedicated individual to support family needs, and a behavioral health expert to address staff well-being as well as the psychological and emotional needs of patients and families. The HLCC facilities in the United States that admitted patients infected with Ebola virus disease (EVD) have well developed teams of nurses who are able to provide skilled and effective patient care within their isolation units. abstract: The 2014–2016 outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in West Africa marked the 25th such occurrence but was noteworthy in its massive scope, causing more human morbidity and mortality than the previous 24 recorded outbreaks combined. As of April 2016, there were 28,652 cases resulting in at least 11,325 deaths, nearly all in the three nations of Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/outbreaks/2014-west-africa/index.html. Accessed 2 June 2016). Moreover, the 2014–2016 outbreak was the first in which patients, albeit few in number, were afforded sophisticated intensive care in the United States and in Europe. This “high-level containment care” (HLCC) was provided in specially designed purpose-built biocontainment units (BCUs). In this chapter, we explore the history and evolution of biocontainment, discuss its unique engineering and infection control modalities, and offer recommendations for the clinical and operational management of Ebola and other viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs). url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7122159/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-60980-5_21 id: cord-021907-omruua6n author: Hick, John L. title: Personal Protective Equipment date: 2009-05-15 words: 6379.0 sentences: 363.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-021907-omruua6n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-021907-omruua6n.txt summary: • Use of respirators made it difficult for workers to communicate with each other, often resulting in users breaking the face seal to talk • Turnout gear (the common protective garments used by firefighters) increased heat stress and physical fatigue • At the WTC, the rubble pile was so hot in places that it melted the soles of workers'' boots; providing wash stations to cool the boots resulted in wet feet and serious blisters for many workers; some 440 WTC disaster response workers sought treatment for blisters • Steel-reinforced boots (soles and toes) protected against punctures by sharp objects but conducted and retained heat, which contributed to blisters and burns • Structural firefighting gloves worked well until they got wet and hardened, reducing their dexterity • WTC disaster response workers did not consistently protect their hands against potential hazards such as human remains and bodily fluids • Safety glasses were readily available but often were open at the sides and did not offer adequate protection against airborne particles • Goggles were uncomfortable, hindered peripheral vision, tended to fog, and did not fit well in conjunction with half-face respirators • Many disaster response workers at the WTC (especially law enforcement officers) did not consistently use hearing protection, even around heavy machinery, because they needed to hear their radios and voices and listen for tapping when they were searching for survivors • Most volunteers at the WTC, Pentagon, and Oklahoma City did not receive pre-event training on PPE and hazardous materials • Although firefighters generally received detailed pre-event training, this was less true for law enforcement officers • Accurate "real-time" hazard information was not readily available, especially during the anthrax incidents • Protection from falls was available at some sites (in the form of ropes and harnesses) but was inconsistently used abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7152191/ doi: 10.1016/b978-0-323-03253-7.50043-1 id: cord-281627-8cq18gja author: Hon, Chun-Yip title: Personal protective equipment in health care: Can online infection control courses transfer knowledge and improve proper selection and use? date: 2008-12-31 words: 2141.0 sentences: 124.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281627-8cq18gja.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281627-8cq18gja.txt summary: title: Personal protective equipment in health care: Can online infection control courses transfer knowledge and improve proper selection and use? We used observational evaluation to assess the ability of an online learning course to effectively transfer knowledge on personal protective equipment (PPE) selection and removal. The present study evaluated PPE selection and use by HCWs through observational analysis, both before and after the HCWs took an online infection control course. 14-17 From March to June 2007, nurses, care aides, and allied health staff attending the orientation program were invited to participate in a structured observation of PPE use before and after taking the infection control course. [18] [19] [20] 22 For the PPE sequence evaluation, the participant was given a ''''1 point, 1 task'''' score based on the observed structured clinical examination method, with a total maximum score based on the number of donning and doffing and hand hygiene tasks performed. abstract: We used observational evaluation to assess the ability of an online learning course to effectively transfer knowledge on personal protective equipment (PPE) selection and removal. During orientations for new hospital staff, 117 participants applied either airborne, droplet, or contact precautions in mock scenarios. Postcourse, all 3 scenarios demonstrated improvement in PPE sequence scores (P = .001); moreover, hand hygiene also was more frequent during both donning and doffing of PPE (P < .001). url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19084161/ doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2008.07.007 id: cord-294591-793ywpcd author: Hu, Xiaoyun title: Self-Reported Use of Personal Protective Equipment among Chinese Critical Care Clinicians during 2009 H1N1 Influenza Pandemic date: 2012-09-05 words: 3618.0 sentences: 169.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294591-793ywpcd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294591-793ywpcd.txt summary: This study examined the knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported behaviors, and barriers to compliance with the use of PPE among ICU healthcare workers (HCWs) during the pandemic influenza. As the second part of the above survey, we wish to evaluate the self-reported compliance to the use of PPE during the current influenza pandemic among critical care clinicians in Chinese ICUs, as well as independent predictors of the compliance. In this survey of Chinese critical care clinicians, only 55% of respondents reported high compliance (.80%) to recommended PPE use, consistent with other relevant studies [16, 19] . Despite the lack of data validating such concept with regards to 2009 H1N1 influenza in ICU, studies did suggest that implementation of protocoled care and/or educational program, by addressing knowledge, attitude, and behavioral barriers, might significantly reduce catheter-related bloodstream infection [31] , and improve mortality in patients with severe sepsis [32] . Only 55% of Chinese critical care clinicians reported high compliance to PPE use during pandemic influenza, putting HCWs and their patients at risk. abstract: BACKGROUND: Critically ill patients with 2009 H1N1 influenza are often treated in intensive care units (ICUs), representing significant risk of nosocomial transmission to critical care clinicians and other patients. Despite a large body of literature and guidelines recommending infection control practices, numerous barriers have been identified in ICUs, leading to poor compliance to the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). The use of PPE among critical care clinicians has not been extensively evaluated, especially during the pandemic influenza. This study examined the knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported behaviors, and barriers to compliance with the use of PPE among ICU healthcare workers (HCWs) during the pandemic influenza. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A survey instrument consisting of 36 questions was developed and mailed to all HCWs in 21 ICUs in 17 provinces in China. A total of 733 physicians, nurses, and other professionals were surveyed, and 650 (88.7%) were included in the analysis. Fifty-six percent of respondents reported having received training program of pandemic influenza before they cared for H1N1 patients, while 77% reported to have adequate knowledge of self and patient protection. Only 18% of respondents were able to correctly identify all components of PPE, and 55% reported high compliance (>80%) with PPE use during patient care. In multivariate analysis, vaccination for 2009 H1N1 influenza, positive attitudes towards PPE use, organizational factors such as availability of PPE in ICU, and patient information of influenza precautions, as well as reprimand for noncompliance by the supervisors were associated with high compliance, whereas negative attitudes towards PPE use and violation of PPE use were independent predictors of low compliance. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Knowledge and self-reported compliance to recommended PPE use among Chinese critical care clinicians is suboptimal. The perceived barriers should be addressed in order to close the significant gap between perception and knowledge or behavior. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22957101/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044723 id: cord-314517-n1yj2zdy author: Huang, Dayong title: Social media survey and web posting assessment of the COVID-19 response in China: Health worker attitudes towards preparedness and personal protective equipment shortages date: 2020-08-31 words: 2945.0 sentences: 216.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314517-n1yj2zdy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314517-n1yj2zdy.txt summary: title: Social media survey and web posting assessment of the COVID-19 response in China: Health worker attitudes towards preparedness and personal protective equipment shortages BACKGROUND: Understanding health worker awareness, attitudes, and self-confidence in the workplace can inform local and global responses towards emerging infectious threats, like COVID-19 pandemic response. Health workers satisfied with current preparedness to address COVID-19 were more likely to be female, to obtain knowledge about the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak from government organizations, and to consider their hospital prepared for the outbreak management. They cannot function effectively if they lack personal protective equipment (PPE), essential to ensure continuity of healthcare services during a public health emergency and to avoiding nosocomial acquisitions 5 A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 6 As of April 4, 2020, 60 Chinese health workers have died, of whom 22 (36.7%) were confirmed dead of COVID-19, according to reports by China Central Television. abstract: BACKGROUND: Understanding health worker awareness, attitudes, and self-confidence in the workplace can inform local and global responses towards emerging infectious threats, like COVID-19 pandemic response. Availability of accessible personal protective equipment (PPE) is vital to effective care and prevention. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional survey from February 24-28, 2020 to assess COVID-19 preparedness among health workers. In addition, we assessed trends from search engine web crawling and text-mining data trending over the Sina Weibo platform from January 1 to March 3, 2020. Data were abstracted on Chinese outbreak preparedness. RESULTS: In the survey, we engaged 6,350 persons, of whom 1,065 agreed to participate and after an eligibility logic check, 1,052 participated (16.6%). We accessed 412 internet posts as to PPE availability. Health workers satisfied with current preparedness to address COVID-19 were more likely to be female, to obtain knowledge about the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak from government organizations, and to consider their hospital prepared for the outbreak management. Health workers with more confidence in their abilities to respond were those with more faith in their institution’s response capacities. Elements of readiness included having airborne infection isolation room, visitor control procedures, training in precautions and PPE use. Both survey and web post assessments suggested that health workers in need were unable to reliably obtain PPE. CONCLUSION: Health workers’ self-confidence depends on perceived institutional readiness. Failure to maintain available PPE inventory for emerging infectious diseases preparedness suggests a failure to learn key lessons from the 2003-2004 SARS outbreak in China. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa400 doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa400 id: cord-269900-7mzyib4r author: Ierardi, Anna Maria title: How to Handle a COVID-19 Patient in the Angiographic Suite date: 2020-04-10 words: 3446.0 sentences: 177.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269900-7mzyib4r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269900-7mzyib4r.txt summary: All the staff of the angiographic suite must use personal protective equipment (PPE), according to accepted infectious disease and epidemiology guidelines. Geographic isolation of COVID-19 positive patients should occur in designated suites only, in order to minimize different room exposures and familiarize cleaning staff with the same rooms. When carrying out these procedures on Covid-19 patients, the WHO recommends N95 or FFP2 standard masks or equivalent, and gowns, gloves, eye protection, aprons and shoe covers [4, 6] . According to the internal guidelines of our hospital, all staff members and every person operating in the same room as a positive or suspected COVID-19 patient have to wear N95 or FFP2 masks. To minimize the in and out movement from the potentially contaminated room, the staff must remain close to the angiographic table with PPE and sterile equipment. Strict attention to probe cover removal is required post-procedure (with full PPE and eye protection) to avoid contamination. abstract: This is a single-center report on coordination of staff and handling of patients during the outbreak of the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) in a region with high incidence and prevalence of disease. The selection of procedures for interventional radiology (IR), preparation of staff and interventional suite before the arrival of patients, the facility ventilation systems and intra- and post-procedural workflow optimization are described. The control measures described may increase the cost of the equipment, prolong procedural times and increase technical difficulties. However, these precautions may help control the spread of COVID-19 within the healthcare facility. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32277272/ doi: 10.1007/s00270-020-02476-8 id: cord-316157-7nci4q1q author: Iheduru‐Anderson, Kechi title: Reflections on the lived experience of working with limited personal protective equipment during the COVID‐19 crisis date: 2020-10-03 words: 6116.0 sentences: 305.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316157-7nci4q1q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316157-7nci4q1q.txt summary: This study used a descriptive phenomenological design to describe the lived experience of acute care nurses working with limited access to PPE during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Existing studies have focused on hospital preparation, availability of resources, and the safety of patients (Barbisch & Koenig, 2006; Karabacak, Ozturk, & Bahcecik, 2011; Ruchlewska et al., 2014; Tzeng & Yin, 2008) , the education of hospital staff (Powers, 2007) , emergency room nurses'' description and management during a crisis (Vasli and Dehghan-Nayeri, 2016) , and the psychological impact of disease outbreaks on hospital workers (Sun et al., 2020; Wu et al., 2009; Yin & Zeng, 2020) . The purpose of this study was to describe the lived experience of acute care nurses working with limited access to PPE during the COVID-19 pandemic. This qualitative descriptive phenomenological study explored the lived experiences of acute care nurses working on the frontline during the COVID-19 disease outbreak. Descriptive phenomenology was chosen as the design for the current study because it explored and described the participants'' everyday experiences as they lived them while working with limited PPE on the frontline of the 2020 COVID-19 crisis. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has placed significant strain on United States’ health care and health care providers. While most Americans were sheltering in place, nurses headed to work. Many lacked adequate personal protective equipment (PPE), increasing the risk of becoming infected or infecting others. Some health care organizations were not transparent with their nurses; many nurses were gagged from speaking up about the conditions in their workplaces. This study used a descriptive phenomenological design to describe the lived experience of acute care nurses working with limited access to PPE during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Unstructured interviews were conducted with 28 acute care nurses via telephone, WebEx, and Zoom. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The major theme, emotional roller coaster, describes the varied intense emotions the nurses experienced during the early weeks of the pandemic, encompassing eight subthemes: scared and afraid, sense of isolation, anger, betrayal, overwhelmed and exhausted, grief, helpless and at a loss, and denial. Other themes include: self‐care, ‘hoping for the best’, ‘nurses are not invincible’, and ‘I feel lucky’. The high levels of stress and mental assault resulting from the COVID‐19 crisis call for early stress assessment of nurses and provision of psychological intervention to mitigate lasting psychological trauma. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33010197/ doi: 10.1111/nin.12382 id: cord-009432-0ahamczt author: Ip, Vivian title: VID-19 pandemic: the 3R’s (reduce, refine, and replace) of personal protective equipment (PPE) sustainability date: 2020-04-14 words: 759.0 sentences: 47.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-009432-0ahamczt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-009432-0ahamczt.txt summary: title: VID-19 pandemic: the 3R''s (reduce, refine, and replace) of personal protective equipment (PPE) sustainability The 3R-mantra of sustainability (reduce, refine, and replace) not only applies to ''''green anesthesia'''' practice, 2 but is also well-suited to PPE preservation. The World Health Organization continues to recommend droplet and contact precautions for general care but airborne precautions for HCPs performing aerosol-generating medical procedures (AGMP) in COVID-19 patients. A On the other hand, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) now recommends the use of respirator masks as part of the first line of protection of HCP caring for suspected COVID-19 patients. The need to refine the current culture of using disposable PPE to sustainable PPE solutions is essential for demand to meet supply-ideally, before a pandemic. Simulation as a tool for assessing and evolving your current personal protective equipment: lessons learned during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7155761/ doi: 10.1007/s12630-020-01653-0 id: cord-309521-2cb992u1 author: Iqbal, Muhammad Rafaih title: “COVID-19: Results of a national survey of United Kingdom healthcare professionals’ perceptions of current management strategy – a cross-sectional questionnaire study” date: 2020-05-21 words: 3039.0 sentences: 178.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309521-2cb992u1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309521-2cb992u1.txt summary: title: "COVID-19: Results of a national survey of United Kingdom healthcare professionals'' perceptions of current management strategy – a cross-sectional questionnaire study" METHOD: A questionnaire survey, drafted using Google Forms, was distributed among Healthcare professionals working in the National Health Service (NHS) across the United Kingdom. Respondents were asked five questions regarding their trust preparation for the pandemic: whether they felt supported at their trust, availability of adequate facilities (specialist beds, specified isolated areas) to treat COVID-19 patients, availability of enough PPE, whether there was enough local guidance regarding the pandemic and if sufficient local training was provided. For "daily source of information regarding the COVID-19 pandemic", nearly half of the respondents (n=558, 55.41%) used multiple sources (daily hospital emails, news, social media, Gov.uk, friends and family and other health professionals) while a quarter (n=249, 24.73%) relied on daily hospital emails (Table 3) . abstract: OBJECTIVE: COVID-19 has caused a global healthcare crisis with increasing number of people getting infected and dying each day. Different countries have tried to control its spread by applying the basic principles of social distancing and testing. Healthcare professionals have been the frontline workers globally with different opinions regarding the preparation and management of this pandemic. We aim to get the opinion of Healthcare professionals in United Kingdom regarding their perceptions of preparedness in their workplace and general views of current pandemic management strategy. METHOD: A questionnaire survey, drafted using Google Forms, was distributed among Healthcare professionals working in the National Health Service (NHS) across the United Kingdom. The study was kept open for the first 2 weeks of April 2020. RESULTS: A total of 1007 responses were obtained with majority of the responses from England (n=850, 84.40 %). There were 670 (66.53%) responses from doctors and 204 (20.26%) from nurses. Most of the respondents (95.23%) had direct patient contact in day to day activity. Only one third of the respondents agreed that they felt supported at their trust and half of the respondents reported that adequate training was provided to the frontline staff. Two-thirds of the respondents were of the view that there was not enough Personal Protective Equipment available while 80% thought that this pandemic has improved their hand washing practice. Most of the respondents were in the favour of an earlier lockdown (90%) and testing all the NHS frontline staff (94%). CONCLUSION: Despite current efforts, it would seem this is not translating to a sense of security amongst the UK NHS workforce in terms of how they feel trained and protected. It is vital that Healthcare professionals have adequate support and protection at their workplace and that these aspects be actively monitored. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1743919120304258?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.05.042 id: cord-281099-l2i7r1bp author: Izzetti, Rossana title: A perspective on dental activity during COVID‐19: the Italian survey. date: 2020-08-13 words: 3491.0 sentences: 195.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281099-l2i7r1bp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281099-l2i7r1bp.txt summary: MATERIALS AND METHODS: An online anonymous questionnaire was administered to retrieve data on the dental procedures performed, the preventive measures adopted, and the predictions on the future changes in dentistry following the pandemic. Standard procedures appear insufficient in protecting from SARS-CoV-2, and thus specific measures to prevent virus transmission should be adopted to safeguard the health of both patients and oral care providers (Izzetti et al. -Post-dental treatment management of the dental office (Phase IV) A focus on highly epidemic areas, registering the higher number of cases, was also performed in order to evaluate the potential presence of differences between the regions in Northern Italy and the rest of the country. The set-up of the waiting room (non-clinical area) was adapted to the new situation by almost the totality of the sample, by providing a hydro-alcoholic solution for hand disinfection, removing objects at risk of contamination, and reorganizing the schedule in order to guarantee social distancing. abstract: OBJECTIVES: During the months of March and April 2020, Italy saw an exponential outbreak of COVID‐19 epidemic. Dental practitioners were particularly limited in their routine activity, and the sole performance of urgent treatments was strongly encouraged during the peak of the epidemic. A survey among dental professionals was performed between 6(th)‐13(th) of April, in order to evaluate the status of dental practice during COVID‐19 in Italy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An online anonymous questionnaire was administered to retrieve data on the dental procedures performed, the preventive measures adopted, and the predictions on the future changes in dentistry following the pandemic. RESULTS: The survey was completed by 3,254 respondents and, according to the results obtained, dental activity was reduced by the 95% and limited to urgent treatments. The majority of the surveyed dentists employed additional personal protective equipment compared to normal routine, although in a non‐negligible number of cases difficulty in retrieving the necessary equipment was reported. CONCLUSIONS: The survey provided a snapshot of dental activity during the SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreak. Overall, following the peak of the epidemic, it is probable that dental activities will undergo some relevant changes prior to fully restart. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32791564/ doi: 10.1111/odi.13606 id: cord-318660-47dqa1dd author: Jain, Mehr title: Efficacy and Use of Cloth Masks: A Scoping Review date: 2020-09-13 words: 4212.0 sentences: 201.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318660-47dqa1dd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318660-47dqa1dd.txt summary: Cloth masks have limited inward protection in healthcare settings where viral exposure is high but may be beneficial for outward protection in low-risk settings and use by the general public where no other alternatives to medical masks are available. Although guidelines from the World Health Organization (WHO) and Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) suggest various strategies to optimize the supply of PPE in healthcare settings [4, 7] , there are limited data on alternatives to surgical masks. In the current COVID-19 pandemic, Chinese recommendations on face mask use in community settings suggest that cloth masks could be used in a very low-risk population to prevent the spread of disease [13] . This review aims to integrate current studies and guidelines to determine the efficacy of cloth masks as both inward and outward protective equipment and whether they can be used in healthcare settings and/or the community in light of the PPE shortage. abstract: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there has been a global shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE). In this setting, cloth masks may play an important role in limiting disease transmission; however, current literature on the use of cloth masks remains inconclusive. This review aims to integrate current studies and guidelines to determine the efficacy and use of cloth masks in healthcare settings and/or the community. Evidence-based suggestions on the most effective use of cloth masks during a pandemic are presented. Embase, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar were searched on March 31, 2020, and updated on April 6, 2020. Studies reporting on the efficacy, usability, and accessibility of cloth masks were included. Additionally, a search of guidelines and recommendations on cloth mask usage was conducted through published material by international and national public health agencies. Nine articles were included in this review after full-text screening. The clinical efficacy of a face mask is determined by the filtration efficacy of the material, fit of the mask, and compliance to wearing the mask. Household fabrics such as cotton T-shirts and towels have some filtration efficacy and therefore potential for droplet retention and protection against virus-containing particles. However, the percentage of penetration in cloth masks is higher than surgical masks or N95 respirators. Cloth masks have limited inward protection in healthcare settings where viral exposure is high but may be beneficial for outward protection in low-risk settings and use by the general public where no other alternatives to medical masks are available. url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.10423 doi: 10.7759/cureus.10423 id: cord-317323-wp3vh4c1 author: Kandhari, Rajat title: The changing paradigm of an aesthetic practice during the COVID‐19 pandemic: An expert consensus date: 2020-10-28 words: 3108.0 sentences: 202.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317323-wp3vh4c1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317323-wp3vh4c1.txt summary: It is pertinent that the physician today understands the infection, disinfection measures, and personal protective equipment to reduce chances of viral transmission and provide safe clinical settings for oneself, the staff and the patients. While certain guidelines and expert consensus have recently been published [2] [3] [4] providing an overview of "safe" working protocols, it appears that we are evolving every day in our practices with respect to "what works" and "what does not." Our article aims to bridge the gap between guidelines and in-clinic experiences to provide a set of best practices to follow for aesthetic procedures after reopening our practices. In contrast, the occurrence of airborne transmission is due to smaller particles, which maybe suspended in the air for long periods and can infect people distant from the source (eg, AGP''s)PPE consists of protective apparel and/or equipment designed for providing protection against infectious agents to HCW''s and their patients. Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Patients with Suspected or Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Healthcare Settings abstract: Until vaccination for the SARS‐CoV‐2 becomes a reality, it appears that the infection is here to stay. With many countries lifting lockdown restrictions, aesthetic clinics have started reopening with strict standard operating procedures in place. It is pertinent that the physician today understands the infection, disinfection measures, and personal protective equipment to reduce chances of viral transmission and provide safe clinical settings for oneself, the staff and the patients. An online meeting of eight experts in the field of aesthetic dermatology was convened, which particularly focussed on PPE in detail, risk categorization of aesthetic procedures, preprocedure recommendations, and generalized and specialized SOP's for aesthetic procedures. These recommendations were aimed to bridge the gap between published guidelines and clinical practice and are by no means fully conclusive, but signify learnings over the past few months in an active clinical aesthetic practice. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33090637/ doi: 10.1111/dth.14382 id: cord-283900-4pa93xqi author: Khan, M. Ali title: Perceptions of Occupational Risk and Changes in Clinical Practice of U.S. Vitreoretinal Surgery Fellows during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-22 words: 2491.0 sentences: 158.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283900-4pa93xqi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283900-4pa93xqi.txt summary: Abstract Purpose To assess perceptions of occupational risk and changes to clinical practice of ophthalmology trainees in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. Main outcome measures Survey questions assessed policies guiding COVID-19 response, known or suspected exposure to SARS-CoV-2, changes in clinical duties and volume, and methods to reduce occupational risk including availability of personal protective equipment. Survey questions assessed training program environment, policies guiding 106 COVID-19 response, changes in fellow duties and clinical volume, and methods to reduce 107 occupational risk including availability of PPE. Discussion of data regarding differential reduction of SARS-CoV-2 or other coronavirus 307 transmission with surgical or N95 respirator masks is outside the scope of this study assessing ophthalmology trainee perceptions of occupational risk. This study reports 323 occupational risk perceptions, currently utilized risk mitigation strategies, and surgical volume 324 training concerns for second year US vitreoretinal surgery fellows mid-pandemic escalation. abstract: Abstract Purpose To assess perceptions of occupational risk and changes to clinical practice of ophthalmology trainees in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design An anonymous, non-validated, cross-sectional survey was conducted online. Data was collected from April 7-16, 2020. Participants 2019-2020 second year U.S. vitreoretinal surgery fellows in two-year vitreoretinal surgery training programs were invited to participate. Intervention Online survey. Main outcome measures Survey questions assessed policies guiding COVID-19 response, known or suspected exposure to SARS-CoV-2, changes in clinical duties and volume, and methods to reduce occupational risk including availability of personal protective equipment. Results Completed responses were obtained from 62 of 87 eligible recipients (71.2% response rate). Training settings included academic (58.1%), hybrid academic/private practice (35.5%), and private practice only settings (6.5%). Overall, 19.4% of respondents reported an exposure to a COVID-19 positive patient, 14.5% reported self-quarantining due to possible exposure, and 11.3% reported being tested for COVID-19. In regards to PPE, N95 masks were available in the emergency room (n=40, 64.5%), office (n=35, 56.5%), and operating room settings (n=35, 56.5%). Perceived comfort level with PPE recommendations was significantly associated with availability of an N95 respirator mask in the clinic (p<0.001), emergency room (p<0.001) or operating room (p=0.002) settings. Additional risk mitigation methods outside of PPE were: reduction in patient volume (n=62, 100%), limiting patient companions (n=59, 95.2%), use of a screening process (n=59, 95.2%), use of a slit lamp face shield (n=57, 91.9%), temperature screening of all persons entering clinical space (n=34, 54.84%), and placement of face mask on patients (n=33, 53.2%). Overall, 16.1% reported additional clinical duties within the scope of ophthalmology, and 3.2% reported being re-deployed to non-ophthalmology services. 98.4% of respondents expected a reduction in surgical case volume. No respondents reported loss of employment or reduction in pay or benefits due to COVID-19. Conclusion and Relevance: Suspected or confirmed clinical exposure to COVID-19 positive patients occurred in approximately one-fifth of trainee respondents. Perceived comfort level with PPE standards was significantly associated with N95 respirator mask availability. As surgical training programs grapple with the COVID-19 pandemic, analysis of trainees’ concerns may inform development of mitigation strategies. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468653020302037?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.oret.2020.05.011 id: cord-310285-ua894psi author: Khatri, Anadi title: COVID-19 and ophthalmology: An underappreciated occupational hazard date: 2020-07-20 words: 633.0 sentences: 44.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310285-ua894psi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310285-ua894psi.txt summary: Letter to the Editor-We read the article "COVID-19 and ophthalmology: an underappreciated occupational hazard" by Kuo and O''Brien 1 with great interest. Personal protective equipment (PPE) has become the gold standard during the COVID-19 pandemic for prevention of infection. In the long term, these difficulties may hamper the performance of healthcare workers like ophthalmologists, whose work demands high precision. Although it has become a norm, the evidence is already clear that many ophthalmologists and eye care professionals are having difficulties related to PPE use. 6 Although this may be an advantage because much of the "design for the greatest ease of use" would have already been already improvised, many such DIY efforts remain unproven in terms of the actual protection they provide. COVID-19 and ophthalmology: an underappreciated occupational hazard Safety testing improvised COVID-19 personal protective equipment based on a modified full-face snorkel mask abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.344 doi: 10.1017/ice.2020.344 id: cord-340887-k88hchau author: Khusid, Johnathan A. title: Well‐Being and Education of Urology Residents During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: Results of an American National Survey date: 2020-05-27 words: 3041.0 sentences: 160.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340887-k88hchau.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340887-k88hchau.txt summary: To address this gap, in the current study we aim to assess the well-being, clinical practice, and education of urology residents throughout the USA during the COVID-19 pandemic through the use of an anonymous survey. Potential risk factors included: resident age, gender identity, level of training, practice setting (urban/suburban/rural), AUA geographical section, perception of local COVID-19 severity (Likert), marital status, children, perceived household susceptibility to disease (Likert), history of COVID-19 symptoms, months of intensive care unit training, redeployment status, perceptions of availability of PPE (Likert) and COVID-19 testing, cancellation of elective cases, number of weekly operations before the pandemic, perceived program and hospital support (Likert), perception of shared responsibility with attendings (Likert), and perceived difficulty meeting case minimums (Likert). Perception of support from hospital administration (β=-0.23, 95% CI=-0.40, -0.05) and shared responsibility between residents and attendings (β=-0.22, 95% CI=-0.39, -0.07) were associated with lower declination of redeployment whereas concern regarding ability to reach graduation case requirements was associated with higher declination of redeployment (β=0.16, 95% CI=0.00, 0.32). abstract: BACKGROUND: The rapid spread of COVID‐19 has placed tremendous strain on the American healthcare system. Few prior studies have evaluated the well‐being of or changes to training for American resident physicians during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We aim to study predictors of trainee well‐being and changes to clinical practice using an anonymous survey of American urology residents. METHODS: An anonymous, voluntary, 47‐question survey was sent to all ACGME‐accredited urology programs in the United States. We executed a cross‐sectional analysis evaluating risk factors of perception of anxiety and depression both at work and home and educational outcomes. Multiple linear regressions models were used to estimate beta coefficients and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Among approximately 1,800 urology residents in the USA, 356 (20%) responded. Among these respondents, 24 had missing data leaving a sample size of 332. Important risk factors of mental health outcomes included perception of access to PPE, local COVID‐19 severity, and perception of susceptible household members. Risk factors for declination of redeployment included current redeployment, having children, and concerns regarding ability to reach case minimums. Risk factors for concern of achieving operative autonomy included cancellation of elective cases and higher level of training. CONCLUSIONS: Several potential actions, which could be taken by urology residency program directors and hospital administration, may optimize urology resident well‐being, morale, and education. These include advocating for adequate access to PPE, providing support at both the residency program and institutional levels, instituting telehealth education programs, and fostering a sense of shared responsibility of COVID‐19 patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32460433/ doi: 10.1111/ijcp.13559 id: cord-316632-rr9f88oi author: Kimura, Yurika title: Society of swallowing and dysphagia of Japan: Position statement on dysphagia management during the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-07-23 words: 3098.0 sentences: 188.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316632-rr9f88oi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316632-rr9f88oi.txt summary: On April 14, the Society of Swallowing and Dysphagia of Japan (SSDJ) proposed its position statement on dysphagia treatment considering the ongoing spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This statement is arranged into separate sections providing information and advice in consideration of the COVID-19 outbreak, including "terminology", "clinical swallowing assessment and examination", "swallowing therapy", "oral care", "surgical procedure for dysphagia", "tracheotomy care", and "nursing care". The current set of statements on dysphagia management in the COVID-19 outbreak is not an evidence-based clinical practice guideline, but a guide for all healthcare workers involved in the treatment of dysphagia during the COVID-19 epidemic to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. 48 This statement is arranged into separate sections provid-49 ing information and advice considering the COVID-19 out-50 break, including "clinical swallowing assessment and ex-51 amination", "dysphagia rehabilitation", "oral care", "nursing 52 care", "surgical procedure for dysphagia", and "tracheotomy 53 care". abstract: On April 14, the Society of Swallowing and Dysphagia of Japan (SSDJ) proposed its position statement on dysphagia treatment considering the ongoing spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The main routes of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 are physical contact with infected persons and exposure to respiratory droplets. In cases of infection, the nasal cavity and nasopharynx have the highest viral load in the body. Swallowing occurs in the oral cavity and pharynx, which correspond to the sites of viral proliferation. In addition, the possibility of infection by aerosol transmission is also concerning. Dysphagia treatment includes a broad range of clinical assessments and examinations, dysphagia rehabilitation, oral care, nursing care, and surgical treatments. Any of these can lead to the production of droplets and aerosols, as well as contact with viral particles. In terms of proper infection control measures, all healthcare professionals involved in dysphagia treatment must be fully briefed and must appropriately implement all measures. In addition, most patients with dysphagia should be considered to be at a higher risk for severe illness from COVID-19 because they are elderly and have complications including heart diseases, diabetes, respiratory diseases, and cerebrovascular diseases. This statement establishes three regional categories according to the status of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Accordingly, the SSDJ proposes specific infection countermeasures that should be implemented considering 1) the current status of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the region, 2) the patient status of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and 3) whether the examinations or procedures conducted correspond to aerosol-generating procedures, depending on the status of dysphagia treatment. This statement is arranged into separate sections providing information and advice in consideration of the COVID-19 outbreak, including “terminology”, “clinical swallowing assessment and examination“, “swallowing therapy”, “oral care”, “surgical procedure for dysphagia”, “tracheotomy care”, and “nursing care”. In areas where SARS-CoV-2 infection is widespread, sufficient personal protective equipment should be used when performing aerosol generation procedures. The current set of statements on dysphagia management in the COVID-19 outbreak is not an evidence-based clinical practice guideline, but a guide for all healthcare workers involved in the treatment of dysphagia during the COVID-19 epidemic to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0385814620301656 doi: 10.1016/j.anl.2020.07.009 id: cord-315358-22srds0e author: Kovacs, George title: Just the Facts: Airway management during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic date: 2020-03-30 words: 1874.0 sentences: 119.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315358-22srds0e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315358-22srds0e.txt summary: 3 COVID-19 pneumonia patients in respiratory distress with persistent hypoxemia and who are showing signs of fatigue (altered mental status) despite escalation of oxygen therapy (i.e., non-rebreather face mask at 15 L/min) are at significant risk for requiring urgent intubation. 5 Another major reason why airway management in COVID-19 patients is different relates to the details and sequencing related to provider safety. Answer: There is considerable discussion and concern amongst healthcare providers around the availability and access of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) for high-risk AGPs such as intubation. 6 While every institution should have access to PPE for providers performing an AGP, it is important to ask the question of whether these recommendations are what is best for a provider in a room (negative pressure or not) preparing to intubate the sickest of COVID-19 patients. • Airway management of COVID-19 patients requires a paradigm shift from a focus primarily on patientoriented outcomes to one that focuses on provider safety. abstract: A previously healthy 42-year-old male developed a fever and cough shortly after returning to Canada from overseas. Initially, he had mild upper respiratory tract infection symptoms and a cough. He was aware of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and the advisory to self-isolate and did so; however, he developed increasing respiratory distress over several days and called 911. On arrival at the emergency department (ED), his heart rate was 130 beats/min, respiratory rate 32 per/min, and oxygenation saturation 82% on room air. As per emergency medical services (EMS) protocol, they placed him on nasal prongs under a surgical mask at 5 L/min and his oxygen saturation improved to 86%. url: https://doi.org/10.1017/cem.2020.353 doi: 10.1017/cem.2020.353 id: cord-355577-w1yhtbz8 author: Kowalski, Luiz Paulo title: Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Activity of Physicians Working in the Areas of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology date: 2020-05-22 words: 4750.0 sentences: 253.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355577-w1yhtbz8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355577-w1yhtbz8.txt summary: Conclusion The study demonstrated a direct impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the clinical practice of specialties related to the treatment of patients with diseases of the head and neck region already in the beginning of the illness management in Brazil. Specifically, we collected data regarding the impact of de COVID-19 pandemic on: 1) the amount and type of outpatient appointments, surgeries and exams with the risk of generating aerosols; 2) availability of adequate PPE in different settings and practices; 3) the preparedness of the responder''s health institution in orienting their HCPs and developing strategies to manage COVID-19 suspected and confirmed patients. Although the pandemic is already in its 7 th week in Brazil, since the identification of the 1 st case, 45.3% and 48.8% of physicians in the private and public sectors, respectively, reported that they had not received face-to-face or distance training in the management of confirmed or suspected patients with COVID-19. abstract: Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute infection caused by the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and it is highly transmissible, especially through respiratory droplets. To prepare the health system for the care of these patients also led to a restriction in the activity of several medical specialties. Physicians who work with patients affected by diseases of the head and neck region constitute one of the populations most vulnerable to COVID-19 and also most affected by the interruption of their professional activities. Objective The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the practice of head and neck surgeons and otorhinolaryngologists in Brazil. Methods An anonymous online survey of voluntary participation was applied, containing 30 questions regarding demographic aspects, availability of personal protective equipment (PPE), and impact on the routine of head and neck surgeons and otorhinolaryngologists, as well as clinical oncologists and radiation oncologists who work with head and neck diseases. Results Seven hundred and twenty-nine answers were received in a period of 4 days, ∼ 40 days after the 1 (st) confirmed case in Brazil. With professionals working in public and private services, there was a high level of concerns with the disease and its consequences, limited availability of PPE and a significant decrease in the volume of specialized medical care. Conclusion The study demonstrated a direct impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the clinical practice of specialties related to the treatment of patients with diseases of the head and neck region already in the beginning of the illness management in Brazil. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32754234/ doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1712169 id: cord-340799-1awmtj52 author: Krajewska, Joanna title: Review of practical recommendations for otolaryngologists and head and neck surgeons during the COVID-19 pandemic: Recommendations for otolaryngologists during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-06 words: 7941.0 sentences: 395.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340799-1awmtj52.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340799-1awmtj52.txt summary: Laryngectomy patients and individuals after tracheotomy with COVID-19 carry a particularly high risk of infecting ENT specialists and other members of medical staff as the way of breathing is these individuals is modified and enables the easy spread of SARS-CoV-2 containing aerosolized tracheal secretions [11] . In accordance with such high risk of infection, only emergency consultations and procedures should be performed by ENT specialists in times of COVID-19 pandemic in areas with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases [23, 28] . American Head and Neck Society, AAO-HNS, and the American Colleges of Surgeons, recommended that preoperative testing for SARS-CoV-2 presence should be performed in all individuals undergoing high-risk procedures [22, 30] . Patients with acute airway obstruction requiring tracheotomy should be considered as COVID-19 positive, as there is no time for SARS-CoV-2 testing in case of such urgent surgery [29] . abstract: INTRODUCTION: Otolaryngologists are at very high risk of COVID-19 infection while performing examination or surgery. Strict guidelines for these specialists have not already been provided, while currently available recommendations could presumably change in course of COVID-19 pandemic as the new data increases. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to synthesize evidence concerning otolaryngology during COVID‐19 pandemic. It presents a review of currently existing guidelines and recommendations concerning otolaryngological procedures and surgeries during COVID-19 pandemic, and provides a collective summary of all crucial information for otolaryngologists. It summarizes data concerning COVID-19 transmission, diagnosis, and clinical presentation highlighting the information significant for otolaryngologists. METHODS: The Medline and Web of Science databases were searched without time limit using terms ‘‘COVID-19”, “SARS-CoV-2” in conjunction with “head and neck surgery”, “otorhinolaryngological manifestations”. RESULTS: Patients in stable condition should be consulted using telemedicine options. Only emergency consultations and procedures should be performed during COVID-19 pandemic. Mucosa-involving otolaryngologic procedures are considered high risk procedures and should be performed using enhanced PPE (N95 respirator and full face shield or powered air-purifying respirator, disposable gloves, surgical cap, gown, shoe covers). Urgent surgeries for which there is not enough time for SARS-CoV-2 screening are also considered high risk procedures. These operations should be performed in a negative pressure operating room with high-efficiency particulate air filtration. Less urgent cases should be tested for COVID-19 twice, 48 hours preoperatively in 24 hours’ interval. CONCLUSIONS: This review serves as a collection of current recommendations for otolaryngologists for how to deal with their patients during COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anl.2020.05.022 doi: 10.1016/j.anl.2020.05.022 id: cord-335704-qejpc4x8 author: Kuhar, Hannah N. title: Otolaryngology in the Time of Corona: Assessing Operative Impact and Risk During the COVID-19 Crisis date: 2020-06-02 words: 4690.0 sentences: 246.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335704-qejpc4x8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335704-qejpc4x8.txt summary: 5 Regarding surgical management of otolaryngologic cases, it is recommended that patient COVID-19 status be determined ahead of surgery, that high-risk operations be performed in negativepressure operating rooms with appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) worn by all staff, and that only essential staff be in the operating room for intubation and extubation. Immediately following the present study period of data collection (March 18-April 8, 2020), with the increasing availability of PPE, OHNS departments across all 3 centers developed standardized protocols for universal use of aerosol-protective PPE for all AGPs, regardless of the patient''s COVID-19 status. From the experience of OHNS departments at pediatric and adult academic medical centers, we identified availability of rapid COVID-19 testing and adequate aerosol-protective PPE to be significant limitations to operationalizing society recommendations. abstract: OBJECTIVE: Limited research exists on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic pertaining to otolaryngology–head and neck surgery (OHNS). The present study seeks to understand the response of OHNS workflows in the context of policy changes and to contribute to developing preparatory guidelines for perioperative management in OHNS. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Pediatric and general adult academic medical centers and a Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: OHNS cases from March 18 to April 8, 2020—the 3 weeks immediately following the Ohio state-mandated suspension of all elective surgery on March 18, 2020—were compared with a 2019 control data set. RESULTS: During this time, OHNS at the general adult and pediatric medical centers and CCC experienced 87.8%, 77.1%, and 32% decreases in surgical procedures as compared with 2019, respectively. Aerosol-generating procedures accounted for 86.8% of general adult cases, 92.4% of pediatric cases, and 62.0% of CCC cases. Preoperative COVID-19 testing occurred in 7.1% of general adult, 9% of pediatric, and 6.9% of CCC cases. The majority of procedures were tiers 3a and 3b per the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Aerosol-protective personal protective equipment (PPE) was worn in 28.6% of general adult, 90% of pediatric, and 15.5% of CCC cases. CONCLUSION: For OHNS, the majority of essential surgical cases remained high-risk aerosol-generating procedures. Preoperative COVID-19 testing and intraoperative PPE usage were initially inconsistent; systemwide guidelines were developed rapidly but lagged behind recommendations of the OHNS department and its academy. OHNS best practice standards are needed for preoperative COVID-19 status screening and PPE usage as we begin national reopening. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/0194599820930214 doi: 10.1177/0194599820930214 id: cord-320640-5m6sqwq8 author: Kumar, Harender title: COVID-19 Creating another problem? Sustainable solution for PPE disposal through LCA approach date: 2020-10-09 words: 4515.0 sentences: 215.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320640-5m6sqwq8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320640-5m6sqwq8.txt summary: In the present work, Life Cycle Assessment of PPE kits has been performed using GaBi version 8.7 under two disposal scenarios, namely landfill and incineration (both centralized and decentralized) for six environmental impact categories covering overall impacts on both terrestrial and marine ecosystems, which includes Global Warming Potential (GWP), Human Toxicity Potential (HTP), Eutrophication Potential (EP), Acidification Potential (AP), Freshwater Aquatic Ecotoxicity Potential (FAETP) and Photochemical Ozone Depletion Potential (POCP). With reported cases of COVID-19 infected health and sanitation workers (Satheesh 2020 ; Hindustan times 2020; New India Express 2020), waste management of used infectious safety gears has become a critical component to restrict the spread of novel coronavirus (Bherwani et al. The effective management of coronavirus infectious waste, including PPEs, has been identified by as a key area of concern by regulatory agencies in India, with the release of waste handling-treatment-disposal guidelines generated during treatment-diagnosis-quarantine of COVID-19 patients (CPCB Revision 2020; Aggarwal 2020). abstract: Amid COVID-19, there have been rampant increase in the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) kits by frontline health and sanitation communities, to reduce the likelihoods of infections. The used PPE kits, potentially being infectious, pose a threat to human health, terrestrial, and marine ecosystems, if not scientifically handled and disposed. However, with stressed resources on treatment facilities and lack of training to the health and sanitation workers, it becomes vital to vet different options for PPE kits disposal, to promote environmentally sound management of waste. Given the various technology options available for treatment and disposal of COVID-19 patients waste, Life Cycle Assessment, i.e., cradle to grave analysis of PPE provides essential guidance in identifying the environmentally sound alternatives. In the present work, Life Cycle Assessment of PPE kits has been performed using GaBi version 8.7 under two disposal scenarios, namely landfill and incineration (both centralized and decentralized) for six environmental impact categories covering overall impacts on both terrestrial and marine ecosystems, which includes Global Warming Potential (GWP), Human Toxicity Potential (HTP), Eutrophication Potential (EP), Acidification Potential (AP), Freshwater Aquatic Ecotoxicity Potential (FAETP) and Photochemical Ozone Depletion Potential (POCP). Considering the inventories of PPE kits, disposal of PPE bodysuit has the maximum impact, followed by gloves and goggles, in terms of GWP. The use of metal strips in face-mask has shown the most significant HTP impact. The incineration process (centralized−3816 kg CO2 eq. and decentralized−3813 kg CO2 eq.) showed high GWP but significantly reduced impact w.r.t. AP, EP, FAETP, POCP and HTP, when compared to disposal in a landfill, resulting in the high overall impact of landfill disposal compared to incineration. The decentralized incineration has emerged as environmentally sound management option compared to centralized incinerator among all the impact categories, also the environmental impact by transportation is significant (2.76 kg CO2 eq.) and cannot be neglected for long-distance transportation. Present findings can help the regulatory authority to delineate action steps for safe disposal of PPE kits. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33071605/ doi: 10.1007/s10668-020-01033-0 id: cord-295322-9kye4w9g author: Kumar, Parmeshwar title: Adaptation of the ‘Assembly Line’ and ‘Brick System’ techniques for hospital resource management of personal protective equipment, as preparedness for mitigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in a large public hospital in India date: 2020-05-22 words: 738.0 sentences: 51.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295322-9kye4w9g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295322-9kye4w9g.txt summary: title: Adaptation of the ''Assembly Line'' and ''Brick System'' techniques for hospital resource management of personal protective equipment, as preparedness for mitigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in a large public hospital in India An assembly line was put in place where components of the PPE kit were added in sequence until the final completed product was packed and ready for distribution. It is typically used inventory management of the personal kit issued to each fighting unit and also used by the United Nations Peace Keeping Forces (The UN Brick) [1] . The requisite number of in-house PPE kits for the various wards were then assembled into one brick(a carton) and supplied to that unit on a daily basis. Bricks of varying sizes and levels help in rationing of PPE between different wards based on differentiating essential and elective patients. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2020.05.029 doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.05.029 id: cord-287653-69nfi379 author: Lacy, J. Matthew title: COVID-19: POSTMORTEM DIAGNOSTIC AND BIOSAFETY CONSIDERATIONS date: 2020-04-24 words: 5202.0 sentences: 304.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287653-69nfi379.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287653-69nfi379.txt summary:  Prosect cases in negative pressure isolation suite with at least 6-12 air changes per hour  Doff contact and droplet precaution PPE, as well as N95 respirator or PAPR  Limit personnel in the isolation suite to the minimum necessary to perform the examination  Employ splash and aerosol reduction techniques during prosection; oscillating saws are discouraged but if used should have vacuum shroud attachment  Use caution when handling sharps; allow only one person to prosect at a given time  Ensure a technician is outside isolation room to monitor procedure and provide support as needed  Procure synthetic nasopharyngeal (+/-lung) respiratory swabs in sterile tubes of 2-3 ml of viral transport media for SARS-CoV-2 testing as needed  Carefully decontaminate morgue surfaces and outer body bag following autopsy  Ensure body is fully enclosed in a secure bag, tag as infectious and ensure funeral home is informed  Consider modifying release procedures to prevent bag being opened in morgue for identification  Perform hand hygiene after doffing PPE A C C E P T E D abstract: As a result of the 2019 novel human coronavirus (COVID-19) global spread, medical examiner/coroner offices will inevitably encounter increased numbers of COVID-19-infected decedents at autopsy. While in some cases a history of fever and/or respiratory distress (e.g. cough or shortness of breath) may suggest the diagnosis, epidemiologic studies indicate that the majority of individuals infected with COVID-19 develop mild to no symptoms. Those dying with—but not of—COVID-19 may still be infectious, however. While multiple guidelines have been issued regarding autopsy protocol in cases of suspected COVID-19 deaths, there is some variability in the recommendations. Additionally, limited recommendations to date have been issued regarding scene investigative protocol, and there are a paucity of publications characterizing COVID-19 postmortem gross and histologic findings. A case of sudden unexpected death due to COVID-19 is presented as a means of illustrating common autopsy findings, as well as diagnostic and biosafety considerations. We also review and summarize the current COVID-19 literature in an effort to provide practical evidence-based biosafety guidance for ME/C offices encountering COVID-19 at autopsy. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32379077/ doi: 10.1097/paf.0000000000000567 id: cord-273303-g86w0xt5 author: Latz, Christopher A. title: Early Vascular Surgery Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of a Nationwide Survey date: 2020-05-23 words: 1885.0 sentences: 97.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273303-g86w0xt5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273303-g86w0xt5.txt summary: This survey study sought to identify practice changes, understand current personal protection equipment (PPE) use, and determine how caring for patients with COVID-19 differs for vascular surgeons practicing in states with high COVID-19 case numbers versus low case numbers. The majority of vascular surgeons are reusing PPE The majority of 5 respondents worked in an academic setting (81.5%) and were performing only urgent and 6 emergent cases (80.5%) during preparation for the surge. The majority of vascular surgeons are reusing PPE The majority of 5 respondents worked in an academic setting (81.5%) and were performing only urgent and 6 emergent cases (80.5%) during preparation for the surge. The majority of vascular surgeon respondents were also being asked to 22 reuse PPE, a common practice throughout the United States during the pandemic. In our initial response (early March 2020), vascular trainees were not involved in 7 COVID-19 cases and attendings saw these patients alone (both to protect our trainees and to 8 limit use of PPE). abstract: OBJECTIVES: The COVID-19 pandemic has had major implications for the United States healthcare system. This survey study sought to identify practice changes, understand current personal protection equipment (PPE) use, and determine how caring for patients with COVID-19 differs for vascular surgeons practicing in states with high COVID-19 case numbers versus low case numbers. METHODS: A fourteen-question online survey regarding the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on vascular surgeons’ current practice was sent to 365 vascular surgeons across the country via REDCap from 4/14/2020 to 4/21/2020 with responses closed on 4/23/2020. The survey response was analyzed with descriptive statistics. Further analyses were performed to evaluate whether responses from states with the highest number of COVID-19 cases (New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania and California) differed from those with lower case numbers (all other states). RESULTS: A total of 121 vascular surgeon responded (30.6%) to the survey. All high-volume states were represented. The majority of vascular surgeons are reusing PPE The majority of respondents worked in an academic setting (81.5%) and were performing only urgent and emergent cases (80.5%) during preparation for the surge. This did not differ between high case and low COVID case states (p=0.285). High case states were less likely to perform a lower extremity intervention for critical limb ischemia (60.8% vs. 77.5%, p=0.046), but otherwise case types did not differ. Most attendings work with residents (90.8%) and limited their exposure to procedures on suspected/confirmed COVID-19 cases (56.0%). Thirty-eight percent of attendings have been redeployed within the hospital to a vascular access service, and/or other service outside of vascular surgery. This was more frequent in high case volume states compared to low case volume states (p=0.039). The majority of vascular surgeons are reusing PPE (71.4%) and N95 masks (86.4%), and 21% of vascular surgeons feel that they do not have adequate PPE to perform clinical their duties. CONCLUSION: The initial response to the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in reduced elective cases with primarily only urgent and emergent cases being performed. A minority of vascular surgeons have been redeployed outside of their specialty, however, this is more common among states with high case numbers. Adequate PPE remains an issue for almost a quarter of vascular surgeons who responded to this survey. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2020.05.032 doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.05.032 id: cord-302902-34vftqt9 author: Law, Brenda Hiu Yan title: Effect of COVID-19 Precautions on Neonatal Resuscitation Practice: A Balance Between Healthcare Provider Safety, Infection Control, and Effective Neonatal Care date: 2020-08-18 words: 2901.0 sentences: 157.0 pages: flesch: 33.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302902-34vftqt9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302902-34vftqt9.txt summary: Adaptations have been proposed for resuscitation of infants born to women with COVID-19, to protect health care providers, maintain infection control, and limit post-natal transmission. Changes especially impact respiratory procedures, personal protective equipment (PPE) use, resuscitation environments, teamwork, and family involvement. Adaptations have been proposed for resuscitation of infants born to women with suspected or confirmed COVID-19, to protect health care providers (HCPs), limit post-natal transmission, and maintain infection control (7) . Neonatal resuscitation may be especially impacted by changes in (i) respiratory support, (ii) personal protective equipment (PPE), (iii) resuscitation environment, (iv) team-based activities, and (v) family involvement ( Table 1) . Modifications to ventilation practices during neonatal resuscitation have been proposed to protect HCPs during AGPs, based on limited evidence on vertical transmission and aerosolization of SARS-CoV-2 (7, 9) . General COVID-19 resuscitation guidelines recommend the use of viral filters on mask ventilation devices to decrease risks to HCPs (9) . abstract: Adaptations have been proposed for resuscitation of infants born to women with COVID-19, to protect health care providers, maintain infection control, and limit post-natal transmission. Changes especially impact respiratory procedures, personal protective equipment (PPE) use, resuscitation environments, teamwork, and family involvement. Adding viral filters to ventilation devices and modifications to intubation procedures might hinder effective ventilation. PPE could delay resuscitation, hinder task performance, and degrade communication. Changes to resuscitation locations and team composition alter workflow and teamwork. Physical distancing measures and PPE impede family-integrated care. These disruptions need to be considered given the uncertainty of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33014919/ doi: 10.3389/fped.2020.00478 id: cord-281403-yl7jdarm author: Le, Aurora B. title: U.S. Medical Examiner/Coroner capability to handle highly infectious decedents date: 2018-11-06 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: In the United States of America, Medical Examiners and Coroners (ME/Cs) investigate approximately 20% of all deaths. Unexpected deaths, such as those occurring due to a deceased person under investigation for a highly infectious disease, are likely to fall under ME/C jurisdiction, thereby placing the ME/C and other morgue personnel at increased risk of contracting an occupationally acquired infection. This survey of U.S. ME/Cs′ capabilities to address highly infectious decedents aimed to determine opportunities for improvement at ME/C facilities serving a state or metropolitan area. Data for this study was gathered via an electronic survey. Of the 177 electronic surveys that were distributed, the overall response rate was N = 108 (61%), with 99 of those 108 respondents completing all the questions within the survey. At least one ME/C responded from 47 of 50 states, and the District of Columbia. Select results were: less than half of respondents (44%) stated that their office had been involved in handling a suspected or confirmed highly infectious remains case and responses indicated medical examiners. Additionally, ME/C altered their personal protective equipment based on suspected versus confirmed highly infectious remains rather than taking an all-hazards approach. Standard operating procedures or guidelines should be updated to take an all-hazards approach, best-practices on handling highly infectious remains could be integrated into a standardized education, and evidence-based information on appropriate personal protective equipment selection could be incorporated into a widely disseminated learning module for addressing suspected or confirmed highly infectious remains, as those areas were revealed to be currently lacking. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30402743/ doi: 10.1007/s12024-018-0043-2 id: cord-331533-0toegbv8 author: Leiker, Brenna title: COVID – 19 CASE STUDY IN EMERGENCY MEDICINE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE; FROM PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT TO DELIVERGY OF CARE date: 2020-07-27 words: 12829.0 sentences: 570.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331533-0toegbv8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331533-0toegbv8.txt summary: The approach to the coronavirus pandemic in the emergency department focused on identification and isolation of infected individuals, adequate protection of staff, reporting of positive cases to the health department, effective treatment, and education of patients and families. APP''s in the ICU have been critical in helping fill the gaps where additional staff where needed to care for COVID patients, make calls to update family members, and provide input for treatment protocols We, the authors of this article, work as APP''s within the NorthShore emergency department. 1,865 Illinois residents have tested positive for the virus, and 26 have died as of Thursday (03/26) at 2:30 p.m., according to the state''s Coronavirus (COVID-19) Response webpage." (Herscowitz, 2020) Despite the virus''s rapid spread, NorthShore and IDPH worked to match the testing protocol with the demand within the community. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32800348/ doi: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2020.101060 id: cord-334808-ds5yrr4w author: Liawrungrueang, Wongthawat title: Response to: Management of Traumatic Spinal Fracture in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Situation date: 2020-05-12 words: 651.0 sentences: 46.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334808-ds5yrr4w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334808-ds5yrr4w.txt summary: I am wondering what your institute uses specifically for "full personal protective equipment (PPE)" for the high risk patients, i.e., National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health-approved (N95) respirator, face shield, etc. Our reply: In this review article, the authors concluded that an algorithm could help make decisions about surgical interventions for spine injuries in patients who are at risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to prevent surgeons and nurses from contracting the virus. In this situation, where the health care professionals are in contact with a high-risk patient, the surgeons and nurses could use full PPE suits (Fig. 1A) . by anesthesiologists (B) , and intraoperative standard with full PPE according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines (C). Management of traumatic spinal fracture in the coronavirus disease 2019 situation abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32392647/ doi: 10.31616/asj.2020.0194.r1 id: cord-295514-vhymj0rw author: Lim, Peter A title: Impact of a viral respiratory epidemic on the practice of medicine and rehabilitation: Severe acute respiratory syndrome date: 2004-08-01 words: 5277.0 sentences: 244.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295514-vhymj0rw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295514-vhymj0rw.txt summary: Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a new respiratory viral epidemic that originated in China but has affected many parts of the world, with devastating impact on economies and the practice of medicine and rehabilitation. Rehabilitation was significantly affected by SARS, because strict infection control measures run counter to principles such as multidisciplinary interactions, patients encouraging and learning from each other, and close physical contact during therapy. Rehabilitation medicine was increasingly affected by everstricter infection control measures regarding close contacts and interactions between health care workers. Rehabilitation medicine was directly affected when the entire neurology ward, including patients and health care staff, were transferred out to TTSH for isolation and observation because of suspicious clusters of fevers that involved both patients and staff. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Singapore: clinical features of index patient and initial contacts abstract: Lim PA, Ng YS, Tay BK. Impact of a viral respiratory epidemic on the practice of medicine and rehabilitation: severe acute respiratory syndrome. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004;85:1365–70. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a new respiratory viral epidemic that originated in China but has affected many parts of the world, with devastating impact on economies and the practice of medicine and rehabilitation. A novel coronavirus has been implicated, with transmission through respiratory droplets. Rehabilitation was significantly affected by SARS, because strict infection control measures run counter to principles such as multidisciplinary interactions, patients encouraging and learning from each other, and close physical contact during therapy. Immunocompromised patients who may silently carry SARS are common in rehabilitation and include those with renal failure, diabetes, and cancer. Routine procedures such as management of feces and respiratory secretions (eg, airway suctioning, tracheotomy care) have been classified as high risk. Personal protection equipment presented not only a physical but also a psychologic barrier to therapeutic human contact. Visitor restriction to decrease chances of disease transmission are particularly difficult for long-staying rehabilitation patients. At the height of the epidemic, curtailment of patient movement stopped all transfers for rehabilitation, and physiatrists had to function as general internists. Our experiences strongly suggest that rehabilitation institutions should have emergency preparedness plans because such epidemics may recur, whether as a result of nature or of bioterrorism. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15295768/ doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2004.01.022 id: cord-002246-er9kqdjw author: Lim, Seong Mi title: Contamination during doffing of personal protective equipment by healthcare providers date: 2015-09-30 words: 2199.0 sentences: 165.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-002246-er9kqdjw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-002246-er9kqdjw.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to describe the processes of both the donning and the doffing of personal protective equipment for Ebola and evaluate contamination during the doffing process. Participants were asked to carry out doffing and donning procedures with a helper after a 50-minute brief training and demonstration based on the 2014 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention protocol. For the donning process, the average interval until the end was 234.2 seconds (standard deviation [SD], 65.7), and the most frequent errors occurred when putting on the outer gloves (27.5%), respirator (20.6%), and hood (20.6%). CONCLUSION: A significant number of contaminations occur during the doffing process of personal protective equipment. 8, 9 Cases of contamination while treating Ebola patients rose rapidly during the current outbreak, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) announced the new personal protective equipment (PPE) guidelines for healthcare providers treating Ebola patients. abstract: OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to describe the processes of both the donning and the doffing of personal protective equipment for Ebola and evaluate contamination during the doffing process. METHODS: We recruited study participants among physicians and nurses of the emergency department of Samsung Medical Center in Seoul, Korea. Participants were asked to carry out doffing and donning procedures with a helper after a 50-minute brief training and demonstration based on the 2014 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention protocol. Two separate cameras with high-density capability were set up, and the donning and doffing processes were video-taped. A trained examiner inspected all video recordings and coded for intervals, errors, and contaminations defined as the outside of the equipment touching the clinician’s body surface. RESULTS: Overall, 29 participants were enrolled. Twenty (68.9%) were female, and the mean age was 29.2 years. For the donning process, the average interval until the end was 234.2 seconds (standard deviation [SD], 65.7), and the most frequent errors occurred when putting on the outer gloves (27.5%), respirator (20.6%), and hood (20.6%). For the doffing process, the average interval until the end was 183.7 seconds (SD, 38.4), and the most frequent errors occurred during disinfecting the feet (37.9%), discarding the scrubs (17.2%), and putting on gloves (13.7%), respectively. During the doffing process, 65 incidences of contamination occurred (2.2 incidents/person). The most vulnerable processes were removing respirators (79.2%), removing the shoe covers (65.5%), and removal of the hood (41.3%). CONCLUSION: A significant number of contaminations occur during the doffing process of personal protective equipment. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5052842/ doi: 10.15441/ceem.15.019 id: cord-272182-5lunidrs author: Lim, Wan Yen title: Resuscitation during the COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons learnt from high-fidelity simulation date: 2020-05-22 words: 634.0 sentences: 41.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272182-5lunidrs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272182-5lunidrs.txt summary: High-fidelity simulation sessions were conducted in our institution to identify latent threats in existing workflows, and to formulate modified life support protocols focusing on: protection of healthcare workers (HCW) and patients, minimizing aerosolization and reducing delays in resuscitation. Suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients are managed in negative pressure, single-bedded rooms in the acute care hospital. Due to geographical reasons, the mean (SD) code blue response time to the acute and community care wards were 3.28 (1.76) and 6.67 (2.06) minutes, respectively. In simulations, we adhered to hospital and COVID-19 guidelines of full PPE (including N95 mask or powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR), gown, gloves, goggles and face shield or visor) 2 . Frequent training and simulation sessions including PPE familiarization minimizes delays in resuscitation, reduces risk of viral transmission, enhances communication, teamwork and coordination, and allows latent threats identification and workflow refinement. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32446791/ doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.05.024 id: cord-352233-avov4yxv author: Liu, Antonio title: Philanthropy and Humanity in the Face of a Pandemic – A letter to the editor on “World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19)” (Int J Surg 2020; 76:71-6) date: 2020-05-12 words: 1026.0 sentences: 57.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352233-avov4yxv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352233-avov4yxv.txt summary: title: Philanthropy and Humanity in the Face of a Pandemic – A letter to the editor on "World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19)" (Int J Surg 2020; 76:71-6) The enormous pressure and struggles to secure sufficient and appropriate PPE for the front -line workers in order to provide safe and compassionate care to the COVID patients inevitably add to the tremendous difficulty we face in combating this aggressive and vicious disease, not only at home in the United States, but also resonating around the world. With no clear indication or assurance of assistance coming from the government, many institutions and organizations have ramped up their philanthropy effort to secure proper equipment and protective gears for their staff. World Health Organization Declares Global Emergency: A Review of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32407796/ doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.05.012 id: cord-272585-346ef6qy author: Lombardi, JM title: Addressing a National Crisis: The Spine Hospital and Department''s Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in New York City date: 2020-05-31 words: 5078.0 sentences: 262.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272585-346ef6qy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272585-346ef6qy.txt summary: title: Addressing a National Crisis: The Spine Hospital and Department''s Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in New York City As peak infections spread across the United States, we hope this article will serve as a resource for other spine departments on how to manage patient care and healthcare worker deployment during the COVID-19 crisis. Our institution has been on the forefront of the COVID-19 pandemic, as we treated "patient zero" in New York City, who presented to our Emergency Department (ED) on February 28 th . Published data by healthcare providers in Asia and Europe demonstrated that the most substantial threat to COVID-19 patient morbidity and mortality was the lack of adequate critical care resources including intensive care unit (ICU) beds and respiratory support [8] [9] . It is vital to note that although redeployment was an important initiative to our department during this time of crisis, our primary concern was to maintain an adequate workforce to meet all orthopaedic surgical demands at our institution. abstract: In a very brief period, the COVID-19 pandemic has swept across the planet leaving governments, societies and healthcare systems unprepared and under-resourced. New York City now represents the global viral epicenter with roughly one third of all mortalities in the United States. To date, our hospital has treated thousands of COVID-19 positive patients and sits at the forefront of the United States response to this pandemic. The goal of this paper is to share the lessons learned by our spine division during a crisis when hospital resources and personnel are stretched thin. Such experiences include management of elective and emergent cases, outpatient clinics, physician redeployment and general health and wellness. As peak infections spread across the United States, we hope this article will serve as a resource for other spine departments on how to manage patient care and healthcare worker deployment during the COVID-19 crisis. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1529943020307609 doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2020.05.539 id: cord-025623-1v9614f8 author: Mahapatra, Pallab Sinha title: Surface Treatments to Enhance the Functionality of PPEs date: 2020-05-29 words: 2039.0 sentences: 131.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-025623-1v9614f8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-025623-1v9614f8.txt summary: This paper focuses on improving PPE functionality in a scalable manner by surface treatment and coating with appropriate materials and other functional enhancements, such as exposure to UV rays or other sterilizing agents (e.g., hydrogen peroxide). Surface treatments to enhance resistance against diseasecausing microbes, i.e., antimicrobial coatings, have the potential to improve PPE functionalities dramatically. Hydrophobic coatings make it difficult for droplets/particles to adhere on surfaces and are known to provide antimicrobial characteristics, which are retained after multiple washes; antibacterial and antifungal properties were demonstrated by Mukherjee et al. Klibanov''s group at MIT has shown extended functionality of hydrophobic coating characteristics against influenza viruses, which get transmitted through respiratory droplets, like SARS-CoV-2; Halder et al. Scalable surface treatment strategies that combine antiviral action with liquid-repelling properties are one of many possible approaches to enhance the functionality of PPEs, thereby serving to satisfy their high demand in the healthcare industry and other fronts where the COVID-19 pandemic is being fought. abstract: The outbreak of unknown viral pneumonia in Wuhan China in December 2019 led to a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which attracted worldwide attention, with the related COVID-19 disease quickly becoming a global pandemic. In about 5 months, this disease has led to ~ 4 million cases and claimed more than 200 k deaths as a result of its highly contagious nature. The present understanding is that SARS-CoV-2 is a type of influenza virus that can be transmitted through respiratory droplets and aerosols; Lewis (Nature 580:175, 2020). The primary methodology to prevent the spreading of this disease has been “social distancing” and usage of personal protective equipment (PPE) at the front lines of healthcare and other critical operations. The scale of the disease has led to unprecedented demand for PPEs and increased functionality of the same. This paper focuses on improving PPE functionality in a scalable manner by surface treatment and coating with appropriate materials and other functional enhancements, such as exposure to UV rays or other sterilizing agents (e.g., hydrogen peroxide). url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7257351/ doi: 10.1007/s41403-020-00110-0 id: cord-342666-7el8o6qq author: Mahmood, Syed Uzair title: Strategies for Rational Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Among Healthcare Providers During the COVID-19 Crisis date: 2020-05-23 words: 2707.0 sentences: 182.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342666-7el8o6qq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342666-7el8o6qq.txt summary: title: Strategies for Rational Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Among Healthcare Providers During the COVID-19 Crisis However, there are guidelines recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to maintain the supply in the wake of this increased demand of PPE, how the manufacturers should track their supplies, and how the recipients should manage them. It should be noted that according to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, medical masks and respirators should only be reserved for healthcare workers [10] . 1) The healthcare professionals who are working with patients of COVID-19 and are in direct contact should have PPE consisting of gloves, gowns, masks, face shields, and goggles. Use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) When Caring for Patients with Confirmed or Suspected COVID-19 Rational Use of Personal Protective Equipment ( PPE) for Coronavirus Disease ( COVID-19) : Interim Guidance abstract: As the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) began spreading globally with no clear treatment in sight, prevention became a major part of controlling the disease and its effects. COVID-19 spreads from the aerosols of an infected individual whether they are showing any symptoms or not. Therefore, it becomes nearly impossible to point exactly where the patient is. This is where personal protective equipment (PPE) comes in. These are masks, respirators, gloves, and in hospitals where the contact with the infected and confirmed patient is direct, also gowns or body covers. The PPEs play a major role in the prevention and control of the COVID-19. The PPE is able to prevent any invasion of the virus particles into the system of an individual which is why it is an essential item to have for healthcare workers. Due to the high demand for PPEs all around the world, it is important to optimize the use of protective gear and ration the supplies so that the demand are met. However, there are guidelines recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to maintain the supply in the wake of this increased demand of PPE, how the manufacturers should track their supplies, and how the recipients should manage them. Various strategies can be used to increase the re-use of PPEs during the COVID-19 pandemic that has modified the donning and doffing procedure. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32596068/ doi: 10.7759/cureus.8248 id: cord-352324-tle14vtm author: Martini, Chiara title: Phase 3 of COVID-19: treat your patients and care for your radiographers. A designed projection for an aware and innovative radiology department. date: 2020-10-23 words: 2547.0 sentences: 153.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352324-tle14vtm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352324-tle14vtm.txt summary: The aim of this document is therefore to provide useful and operative recommendations to radiographers who perform imaging services, such as chest X-ray (XR) and Computer Tomography (CT) scans to three types of patients: negative, suspected or suffering from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome by Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The aim of this document is therefore to provide useful and operative recommendations to radiographers who perform imaging services, such as chest X-ray (XR) and Computer Tomography (CT) scans to three types of patients: negative, suspected or suffering from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome by Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The aim of this document is therefore to provide useful operative recommendations to radiographers who perform imaging services, such as chest X-ray (XR) and Computer Tomography (CT) scans, aimed at three kinds of patients: negative, suspected or suffering from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome by Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). abstract: Since the spread of Covid-19 outbreak, healthcare workers (HCWs) have faced an unprecedented and unpredictable situation on the frontlines. The aim of this document is therefore to provide useful and operative recommendations to radiographers who perform imaging services, such as chest X-ray (XR) and Computer Tomography (CT) scans to three types of patients: negative, suspected or suffering from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome by Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). It is paramount to design two different paths’ layouts for patients entering the Radiology Department. One path should care for the confirmed and suspected SARS-CoV-2 patients, whereas the other path should be for negative patients. A setting envisaging two radiographers is highly recommended when managing Covid-19 patients. One radiographer fully-equipped with proper personal protective equipment (PPE) should deal with the patient in the scanning or x-ray room. The second one should stay in the console room wearing essential PPE. Disinfection plays a crucial role in reducing the risk of disease transmission. Moreover, having clear protocols is key to ensure personal safety and avoid cross-infections. Taking care of patients and HCWs, such as radiographers, is crucial to minimize the risk of disease transmission. Within a Radiology Department, different designed pathways should be taken into consideration both for everyday and epidemic/pandemic healthcare situations. Though Covid-19 pandemic has been a harsh experience in terms of world health and care systems for patients and health professionals - being radiographers among the most involved - we must not miss this chance to learn from what happened. There is the need to address wider causes through learning and in order to prevent failures. The distinction between passive learning (where lessons are identified but not put into practice) and active learning (where those lessons are embedded into an organization’s culture and practices) is crucial in understanding why truly effective learning so often fails to take place. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1939865420302629?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jmir.2020.08.019 id: cord-331978-y4uo7o8g author: Maxwell, Daniel N title: “The Art of War” in the Era of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-03-04 words: 1520.0 sentences: 83.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331978-y4uo7o8g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331978-y4uo7o8g.txt summary: With rapidly increasing cases and local community transmission in multiple countries outside of China, including the United States, the outbreak has entered a new phase, which requires a shift in primary battle strategy from a focus on containment in China to international mitigation. As cases of COVID-19 explode internationally, a strategic shift is required away from primarily containment, keeping the virus "out there", to home-based mitigation and public health responses. Now, the task is bearing the burden of identifying, isolating, triaging and managing the rising number of cases, necessitating total engagement of the medical community, public health sector, governments and society as a whole. As Sun Tzu noted, "If in training soldiers'' commands are habitually enforced, the army will be well-disciplined." 1 The authors also highlight improvements in infection prevention and control (IPC) infrastructure, administrative controls, and public health coordination compared to their 2003 SARS experience. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa229 doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa229 id: cord-347381-nn6jqqy5 author: Mazzola, Santina M. title: Maintaining Perioperative Safety in Uncertain Times: COVID‐19 Pandemic Response Strategies date: 2020-09-29 words: 3413.0 sentences: 188.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347381-nn6jqqy5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347381-nn6jqqy5.txt summary: Perioperative and organizational leaders at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (HUP) were challenged to establish and implement a variety of strategies quickly to help ensure patient and staff member safety during the COVID-19 crisis. At HUP, administrators requested that health care leaders and their teams develop protocols to prioritize patient and staff member safety while also conserving the PPE inventory. The HUP leaders consulted the most recent US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and World Health Organization COVID-19 recommendations before deciding to require all employees, patients, and visitors to wear face masks while inside the health care facility. The leaders directed all perioperative personnel to wear a surgical mask during low-risk AGPs on patients who tested negative for COVID-19, a practice unchanged from the standard process used when preparing the sterile field. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32990976/ doi: 10.1002/aorn.13195 id: cord-295305-dfulr6nu author: McIsaac, Sarah title: Just the Facts: Protected code blue – Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the emergency department during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic date: 2020-04-24 words: 1280.0 sentences: 82.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295305-dfulr6nu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295305-dfulr6nu.txt summary: However, given the potential association of chest compressions with aerosolization, enhanced airborne precautions should be worn by all team members prior to commencing any other resuscitative efforts. 5 ED and EMS providers should have PPE, including airborne precautions (i.e., N95), readily available at all times given the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in the undifferentiated cardiac arrest. An additional member outside of the room in enhanced airborne precautions PPE may allow for a quick relief of chest compression duties. Outside of the room, the PCB team dons enhanced airborne PPE under supervision of a safety officer. • Early defibrillation can be provided by staff wearing only contact/droplet precautions prior to entry of the PCB team. • All PCB team members should be in appropriate enhanced airborne precautions before entering the room and commencing higher risk resuscitation interventions. abstract: Emergency medical services (EMS) is called for a 65-year-old man with a 1-week history of cough, fever, and mild shortness of breath now reporting chest pain. Vitals on scene were HR 110, BP 135/90, SpO2 88% on room air. EMS arrives at the emergency department (ED). As the patient is moved to a negative pressure room, he becomes unresponsive with no palpable pulse. What next steps should be discussed in order to protect the team and achieve the best possible patient outcome? url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32327003/ doi: 10.1017/cem.2020.379 id: cord-337785-fwo0r4bb author: Mercer, Scott Thomas title: A Comparative Study Looking at Trauma and Orthopaedic Operating Efficiency in the COVID-19 Era date: 2020-10-21 words: 2301.0 sentences: 149.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337785-fwo0r4bb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337785-fwo0r4bb.txt summary: No increase in surgical time was observed in hand and wrist surgery or for debridement and washouts. The other increases in time demonstrated can largely be attributed to the PPE required for aerosol generating procedures and other measures taken to reduce spread of the virus. During the pandemic due to redeployment of staff members and overall reduced trauma/ urgent orthopaedic cases, we had 2 all day lists from 8am to 8pm. A further sub-group analysis of hand and wrist surgery showed that there was no significant increase in surgical time in 2020 (Table 5) . Changes implemented during COVID-19 have led to a significant reduction in the efficiency of ORs. This will have significant effect on increased waiting times for elective surgery. Increasing frequency of regional anaesthesia concurrently with safe non-aerosol generating surgeries may improve operating room efficiency however, further research is needed to prove this. abstract: BACKGROUD: COVID-19 has led to a reduction in operating efficiency. We aim to identify these inefficiencies and possible solutions as we begin to pursue a move to planned surgical care. METHODS: All trauma and orthopaedic emergency surgery were analysed for May 2019 and May 2020. Timing data was collated to look at the following: anaesthetic preparation time, anaesthetic time, surgical preparation time, surgical time, transfer to recovery time and turnaround time. Data for 2019 was collected retrospectively and data for 2020 was collected prospectively. RESULTS: A total of 222 patients underwent emergency orthopaedic surgery in May 2019 and 161 in May 2020. A statistically significant increase in all timings was demonstrated in 2020 apart from anaesthetic time which demonstrated a significant decrease. A subgroup analysis for hip fractures demonstrated a similar result. No increase in surgical time was observed in hand and wrist surgery or for debridement and washouts. Although the decrease in anaesthetic time is difficult to explain, this could be attributed to a reduction in combined anaesthetic techniques and possibly the effect of fear. The other increases in time demonstrated can largely be attributed to the PPE required for aerosol generating procedures and other measures taken to reduce spread of the virus. These procedures currently form a large amount of the orthopaedic case load. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 has led to significant reductions in operating room efficiency. This will have significant impact on waiting times. Increasing frequency of regional anaesthesia concurrently with non-aerosol generating surgeries may improve efficiency. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2405603020300571 doi: 10.1016/j.pcorm.2020.100142 id: cord-028605-ehercdou author: Merchan, Cristian title: COVID-19 pandemic preparedness: A practical guide from an operational pharmacy perspective date: 2020-06-16 words: 4362.0 sentences: 187.0 pages: flesch: 32.0 cache: ./cache/cord-028605-ehercdou.txt txt: ./txt/cord-028605-ehercdou.txt summary: PURPOSE: To describe our medical center''s pharmacy services preparedness process and offer guidance to assist other institutions in preparing for surges of critically ill patients such as those experienced during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It was essential to create guidance documents outlining workflow, provide comprehensive staff education, and repurpose non–intensive care unit (ICU)-trained clinical pharmacotherapy specialists to work in ICUs. Teamwork was crucial to ensure staff safety, develop complete scheduling, maintain adequate drug inventory and sterile compounding, optimize the electronic health record and automated dispensing cabinets to help ensure appropriate prescribing and effective management of medication supplies, and streamline the pharmacy workflow to ensure that all patients received pharmacotherapeutic regimens in a timely fashion. Our pharmacy residents'' training was redesigned to enable them to assist with both clinical and operational needs, including rounding in newly established units designated as "COVID-ICUs," participating in medical code responses, and assisting with operational needs such as sterile compounding, hand deliveries, and other tasks. abstract: PURPOSE: To describe our medical center’s pharmacy services preparedness process and offer guidance to assist other institutions in preparing for surges of critically ill patients such as those experienced during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. SUMMARY: The leadership of a department of pharmacy at an urban medical center in the US epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic proactively created a pharmacy action plan in anticipation of a surge in admissions of critically ill patients with COVID-19. It was essential to create guidance documents outlining workflow, provide comprehensive staff education, and repurpose non–intensive care unit (ICU)-trained clinical pharmacotherapy specialists to work in ICUs. Teamwork was crucial to ensure staff safety, develop complete scheduling, maintain adequate drug inventory and sterile compounding, optimize the electronic health record and automated dispensing cabinets to help ensure appropriate prescribing and effective management of medication supplies, and streamline the pharmacy workflow to ensure that all patients received pharmacotherapeutic regimens in a timely fashion. CONCLUSION: Each hospital should view the COVID-19 crisis as an opportunity to internally review and enhance workflow processes, initiatives that can continue even after the resolution of the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7337640/ doi: 10.1093/ajhp/zxaa212 id: cord-306770-hjzlj8k3 author: Mick, Paul title: Aerosol-generating otolaryngology procedures and the need for enhanced PPE during the COVID-19 pandemic: a literature review date: 2020-05-11 words: 6318.0 sentences: 332.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306770-hjzlj8k3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306770-hjzlj8k3.txt summary: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, personal protective equipment (PPE) worn by health care workers is critical for reducing transmission of the infection in health care settings, particularly when aerosol-generating medical procedures (AGMP) are being performed. For example, Givi et al and the Canadian Society of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery [2] call for airborne precautions when performing AGMP on patients for whom the index of suspicion for COVID-19 infection is not high, whereas the World Health Organization, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control, and the Public Health Agency of Canada do not [3, 14, 15] . Measuring the level of aerosolized viral particles in rooms where AGMPs are being performed on patients with COVID-19 would provide indirect evidence of the degree to which these procedures put health care workers at risk of aerosolized transmission, and whether exposure concentration affects risk of infection and/or severity of disease. abstract: BACKGROUND: Adequate personal protective equipment is needed to reduce the rate of transmission of COVID-19 to health care workers. Otolaryngology groups are recommending a higher level of personal protective equipment for aerosol-generating procedures than public health agencies. The objective of the review was to provide evidence that a.) demonstrates which otolaryngology procedures are aerosol-generating, and that b.) clarifies whether the higher level of PPE advocated by otolaryngology groups is justified. MAIN BODY: Health care workers in China who performed tracheotomy during the SARS-CoV-1 epidemic had 4.15 times greater odds of contracting the virus than controls who did not perform tracheotomy (95% CI 2.75–7.54). No other studies provide direct epidemiological evidence of increased aerosolized transmission of viruses during otolaryngology procedures. Experimental evidence has shown that electrocautery, advanced energy devices, open suctioning, and drilling can create aerosolized biological particles. The viral load of COVID-19 is highest in the upper aerodigestive tract, increasing the likelihood that aerosols generated during procedures of the upper aerodigestive tract of infected patients would carry viral material. Cough and normal breathing create aerosols which may increase the risk of transmission during outpatient procedures. A significant proportion of individuals infected with COVID-19 may not have symptoms, raising the likelihood of transmission of the disease to inadequately protected health care workers from patients who do not have probable or confirmed infection. Powered air purifying respirators, if used properly, provide a greater level of filtration than N95 masks and thus may reduce the risk of transmission. CONCLUSION: Direct and indirect evidence suggests that a large number of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery procedures are aerosol generating. Otolaryngologists are likely at high risk of contracting COVID-19 during aerosol generating procedures because they are likely exposed to high viral loads in patients infected with the virus. Based on the precautionary principle, even though the evidence is not definitive, adopting enhanced personal protective equipment protocols is reasonable based on the evidence. Further research is needed to clarify the risk associated with performing various procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the degree to which various personal protective equipment reduces the risk. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32393346/ doi: 10.1186/s40463-020-00424-7 id: cord-346894-iy35298o author: Miranda-Schaeubinger, Monica title: A primer for pediatric radiologists on infection control in an era of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-07 words: 7262.0 sentences: 372.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346894-iy35298o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346894-iy35298o.txt summary: In pediatric radiology departments, the risk involved ranges from low (e.g., office workers, remote workers, telemedicine) to very high (e.g., workers performing aerosol-generating procedures on known or suspected COVID-19 patients), depending on the job task assigned [28, 29] . Standard precautions to minimize the spread of infection within health care facilities from direct contact with contaminations include hand hygiene, use of PPE based on anticipated contact with contaminated material, respiratory hygiene/ cough etiquette, cleaning and disinfection of the environment, and proper handling of patient care equipment and waste [10] . Appropriate personal protective equipment usage stratified by COVID-19 status (Table 3) Because of the possibility of airborne transmission of the virus, the CDC recommends respirators for care of all patients with COVID-19 if adequate supplies are available. For all aerosol-generating procedures in children who have either unknown or confirmed positive COVID-19 status, radiologists should adhere to the highest level of respiratory protection available: a respirator, an eye shield, a disposable gown and gloves. abstract: Pediatric radiology departments across the globe face unique challenges in the midst of the current COVID-19 pandemic that have not been addressed in professional guidelines. Providing a safe environment for personnel while continuing to deliver optimal care to patients is feasible when abiding by fundamental recommendations. In this article, we review current infection control practices across the multiple pediatric institutions represented on the Society for Pediatric Radiology (SPR) Quality and Safety committee. We discuss the routes of infectious transmission and appropriate transmission-based precautions, in addition to exploring strategies to optimize personal protective equipment (PPE) supplies. This work serves as a summary of current evidence-based recommendations for infection control, and current best practices specific to pediatric radiologists. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00247-020-04713-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-020-04713-1 doi: 10.1007/s00247-020-04713-1 id: cord-341531-w788qwya author: Montero Feijoo, A. title: Practical recommendations for the perioperative management of patients with suspicion or serious infection by coronavirus SARS-CoV date: 2020-05-04 words: 3716.0 sentences: 202.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341531-w788qwya.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341531-w788qwya.txt summary: Protective measures should be maximised when caring for patients with confirmed infection, in critically ill patients with a high viral load, and in patients that require invasive aerosol-generating procedures and manoeuvres such as aerosol therapy and nebulisation, aspiration of respiratory secretions, bag-mask ventilation, non-invasive ventilation, intubation, respiratory sampling, bronchoalveolar lavage, tracheostomy or cardiopulmonary resuscitation. If postoperative surveillance is necessary, it will be carried out in adequately monitored isolation units, preferably with negative pressure Avoid using aerosols, high-flow nasal oxygen or non-invasive ventilation as far as possible in patients requiring postoperative oxygen therapy Healthcare personnel who care for patients during postoperative surveillance must wear appropriate personal protective equipment at all times and must be taught donning and doffing techniques The same recommendations for transferring patients to the operating room apply to postoperative transfer abstract: Abstract In December 2019, the Wuhan Municipal Health and health Commission (Hubei Province, China) reported a series of cases of pneumonia of unknown aetiology. On January 7, 2020, the Chinese authorities identified as a causative agent of the outbreak a new type of virus of the Coronaviridiae family, called SARS-CoV-2. Since then, thounsands of cases have been reported with global dissemination. Infections in humans cause a broad clinical spectrum ranging from mild upper respiratory tract infection, to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis. There is not specific treatment for SARS-CoV-2, which is why the fundamental aspects are to establish adequate prevention measures and support treatment and management of complications. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2341192920300597 doi: 10.1016/j.redare.2020.03.002 id: cord-316063-9bg2dm8e author: Morgan, Marcus title: Why meaning-making matters: the case of the UK Government’s COVID-19 response date: 2020-10-15 words: 25744.0 sentences: 1020.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316063-9bg2dm8e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316063-9bg2dm8e.txt summary: The paper also offers more specific contributions to cultural sociology by showing why social performance theory needs to consider the effects of casting non-human actors in social dramas, how metaphor forms a powerful tool of political action through simplifying and shaping complex realities, and how casting can shift responsibility and redefine the meaning of emotionally charged events such as human death. On 28th February, the first death of a British national occurred on the quarantined Diamond Princess cruise ship, and the Sunday Times reported that around the same time Dominic Cummings (Johnson''s Chief Advisor, and former director of the successful Vote Leave campaign) had ''outlined the government''s strategy'' for the UK''s national response to the virus ''at a private engagement'', quoting those present as claiming that it was ''herd immunity, protect the economy, and if that means some pensioners die, too bad'' (Shipman and Wheeler 2020) . abstract: Through analysis of the UK government’s management of the COVID-19 outbreak, this paper offers an empirical demonstration of the principle of culture’s relative autonomy. It does so by showing how the outcome of meaning-making struggles had impacts on political legitimacy, public behaviour, and control over the spread of the virus. Ultimately, these impacts contributed to the avoidable deaths of tens of thousands of UK citizens. Dividing the crisis into phases within a secular ritual passage or ‘social drama’, it shows how each phase was defined by struggles between the government and other actors to code the unfolding events in an appropriate moral way, to cast actors in their proper roles, and to plot them together in a storied fashion under a suitable narrative genre. Taken together, these processes constituted a conflictual effort to define the meaning of what was occurring. The paper also offers more specific contributions to cultural sociology by showing why social performance theory needs to consider the effects of casting non-human actors in social dramas, how metaphor forms a powerful tool of political action through simplifying and shaping complex realities, and how casting can shift responsibility and redefine the meaning of emotionally charged events such as human death. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33078075/ doi: 10.1057/s41290-020-00121-y id: cord-316718-7gtgqmcn author: Murphy, D. L. title: Occupational Exposures and Programmatic Response to COVID-19 Pandemic: An Emergency Medical Services Experience date: 2020-05-24 words: 3697.0 sentences: 203.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316718-7gtgqmcn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316718-7gtgqmcn.txt summary: We reviewed dispatch, EMS, and public health surveillance records to evaluate the temporal relationship between exposure and programmatic changes to EMS operations designed to identify high-risk patients, protect the workforce, and conserve PPE. Ideally, EMS strategies would incorporate COVID-19 risk assessment and target use of the limited PPE resource in order to achieve EMS provider safety, extend the supply of PPE, and support high-quality patient care. Of the 700 unique EMS providers caring for patients with confirmed COVID-19, 3 (0.4%) tested positive during the 14 days following an encounter (Table 3 ), yet none of these three had a documented occupational exposure. The series of practice changes involving dispatch advisement, patient COVID-19 risk criteria, and initial EMS scene deployment were associated with a temporal increase in adequate PPE use and conversely a decrease in EMS provider exposures (Figure 2, p<0.01) . abstract: Background Rigorous assessment of occupational COVID-19 risk and personal protective equipment (PPE) use are not well-described. We evaluated 9-1-1 emergency medical services (EMS) encounters for patients with COVID-19 to assess occupational exposure, programmatic strategies to reduce exposure, and PPE use. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort investigation of lab-confirmed COVID-19 patients in King County, WA who received 9-1-1 EMS responses from February 14, 2020 to March 26, 2020. We reviewed dispatch, EMS, and public health surveillance records to evaluate the temporal relationship between exposure and programmatic changes to EMS operations designed to identify high-risk patients, protect the workforce, and conserve PPE. Results There were 274 EMS encounters for 220 unique COVID-19 patients involving 700 unique EMS providers with 988 EMS person-encounters. Use of full PPE including mask, eye protection, gown and gloves (MEGG) was 67%. There were 151 person-exposures among 129 individuals, who required 981 quarantine days. Of the 700 EMS providers, 3 (0.4%) tested positive within 14 days of encounter. Programmatic changes were associated with a temporal reduction in exposures. When stratified at the study encounters midpoint, 94% (142/151) of exposures occurred during the first 137 EMS encounters compared to 6% (9/151) during the second 137 EMS encounters (p<0.01). By the final week of the study period, EMS deployed MEGG PPE in 34% (3579/10,468) of all EMS person-encounters. Conclusion Less than 0.5% of EMS providers experienced COVID-19 illness within 14 days of occupational encounter. Programmatic strategies were associated with a reduction in exposures, while achieving a measured use of PPE. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.22.20110718 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.22.20110718 id: cord-334124-w9jww3hk author: Murphy, David L title: Occupational exposures and programmatic response to COVID-19 pandemic: an emergency medical services experience date: 2020-09-21 words: 4091.0 sentences: 213.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334124-w9jww3hk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334124-w9jww3hk.txt summary: We reviewed dispatch, EMS and public health surveillance records to evaluate the temporal relationship between exposure and programmatic changes to EMS operations designed to identify high-risk patients, protect the workforce and conserve PPE. We evaluated all 9-1-1 EMS responses to patients with COVID-19 to (1) determine occupational exposure, related workforce quarantine and potential transmission, and (2) understand how programmatic changes influenced occupational exposure, workforce quarantine and PPE use amidst the COVID-19 outbreak in Seattle and King County. The study is a retrospective cohort investigation of EMS providers responding to 9-1-1 calls for laboratory-confirmed COVID-19-positive patients in King County, Washington, USA between 14 February 2020 and 26 March 2020. The series of practice changes involving dispatch advisement, patient COVID-19 risk criteria and initial EMS scene deployment were associated with a temporal increase in adequate PPE use and conversely a decrease in EMS provider exposures (figure 2, p<0.01). abstract: Rigorous assessment of occupational COVID-19 risk and personal protective equipment (PPE) use is not well-described. We evaluated 9-1-1 emergency medical services (EMS) encounters for patients with COVID-19 to assess occupational exposure, programmatic strategies to reduce exposure and PPE use. We conducted a retrospective cohort investigation of laboratory-confirmed patients with COVID-19 in King County, Washington, USA, who received 9-1-1 EMS responses from 14 February 2020 to 26 March 2020. We reviewed dispatch, EMS and public health surveillance records to evaluate the temporal relationship between exposure and programmatic changes to EMS operations designed to identify high-risk patients, protect the workforce and conserve PPE. There were 274 EMS encounters for 220 unique COVID-19 patients involving 700 unique EMS providers with 988 EMS person-encounters. Use of ‘full’ PPE including mask (surgical or N95), eye protection, gown and gloves (MEGG) was 67%. There were 151 person-exposures among 129 individuals, who required 981 quarantine days. Of the 700 EMS providers, 3 (0.4%) tested positive within 14 days of encounter, though these positive tests were not attributed to occupational exposure from inadequate PPE. Programmatic changes were associated with a temporal reduction in exposures. When stratified at the study encounters midpoint, 94% (142/151) of exposures occurred during the first 137 EMS encounters compared with 6% (9/151) during the second 137 EMS encounters (p<0.01). By the investigation’s final week, EMS deployed MEGG PPE in 34% (3579/10 468) of all EMS person-encounters. Less than 0.5% of EMS providers experienced COVID-19 illness within 14 days of occupational encounter. Programmatic strategies were associated with a reduction in exposures, while achieving a measured use of PPE. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2020-210095 doi: 10.1136/emermed-2020-210095 id: cord-346176-w6uaet7l author: Nayeri, Shadi title: Conducting Translational Gastrointestinal Research in the Era of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-26 words: 3097.0 sentences: 213.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346176-w6uaet7l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346176-w6uaet7l.txt summary: In this document we provide a suggested roadmap for resuming gastrointestinal translational research activities, emphasising physical distancing and use of personal protective equipment. We discuss modes of virus transmission in enclosed environments [including clinical workplaces and laboratories] and potential risks of exposure in the endoscopy environment for research staff. Efforts focus primarily on physical distancing, use of PHASE personal protective equipment [PPE] , and addressing capacity needs of health care systems to deal with the outbreak. Local and institutional guidance is required to resume translational research activities, including patient interactions. • Invitation of persons currently infected with SARS-CoV-2 from the community into the research environment would cause unnecessary and inappropriate risk of viral transmission. These guidelines address safety precautions in relevant workspaces [including laboratory and endoscopy environments] as well as in specific research activities such as sample collection, handling, and transportation. abstract: Abstract Spread of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in a global pandemic that is affecting the health and economy of all World Health Organization [WHO] regions. Clinical and translational research activities have been affected drastically by this global catastrophe. In this document we provide a suggested roadmap for resuming gastrointestinal translational research activities, emphasising physical distancing and use of personal protective equipment. We discuss modes of virus transmission in enclosed environments [including clinical workplaces and laboratories] and potential risks of exposure in the endoscopy environment for research staff. The proposed guidelines should be considered in conjunction with local institutional and government guidelines so that translational research can be resumed as safely as possible. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa171 doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa171 id: cord-302987-znogutwp author: Nguyen, Anne X title: Differences in SARS-CoV-2 recommendations from major ophthalmology societies worldwide date: 2020-07-07 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: OBJECTIVE: Since the WHO declared the COVID-19 outbreak as a public health emergency, medical societies around the world published COVID-19 recommendations to physicians to ensure patient care and physician safety. During this pandemic, ophthalmologists around the world adapted their clinical and surgical practice following such guidelines. This original research examines all publicly available COVID-19 recommendations from twelve major ophthalmology societies around the world. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Twelve ophthalmology societies recognised by the International Council of Ophthalmology were included in this study. One society per each WHO region was included: the society selected was the one who had the highest number of national COVID-19 confirmed cases on 11 May 2020. In addition to these countries, the major ophthalmology society in each G7 country was included. RESULTS: Ten out of 12 major international ophthalmology societies from countries covering all six WHO regions have given recommendations regarding urgent patient care, social distancing, telemedicine and personal protective equipment when caring for ophthalmic patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. While all guidelines emphasise the importance of postponing non-urgent care and taking necessary safety measures, specific recommendations differ between countries. CONCLUSIONS: As there is no clear consensus on ophthalmology guidelines across countries, this paper highlights the differences in international ophthalmic care recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Knowledge of the differences in ophthalmic management plans will allow ophthalmologists and all eye care providers to consider the variety of international approaches and apply best practices following evidence-based recommendations during pandemics. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjophth-2020-000525 doi: 10.1136/bmjophth-2020-000525 id: cord-342810-41dghl0c author: Nguyen, Thanh N. title: Subarachnoid hemorrhage guidance in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic -An opinion to mitigate exposure and conserve personal protective equipment date: 2020-06-05 words: 3908.0 sentences: 196.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342810-41dghl0c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342810-41dghl0c.txt summary: Previously established SAH treatment protocols are impractical to impossible to adhere to in the current COVID-19 crisis due to the need for infection containment and shortage of critical care resources, including personal protective equipment (PPE). Previously established SAH treatment protocols are impractical to impossible to adhere to in the current Coronavirus-Disease-2019 (COVID-19) crisis due to the need for infection containment and shortage of critical care resources, including personal protective equipment (PPE) and health care providers. When a patient with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 is at risk for impending respiratory failure (i.e. orthopnea or respiratory distress lying flat, high oxygen requirement, rapid neurological decline), consider early and controlled intubation in a negative pressure room in the ER/ICU/OR with staff wearing full PPE including N95 mask, gown, double gloves, face shield or per local institutional COVID-19 intubation policy. abstract: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients require frequent neurological examinations, neuroradiographic diagnostic testing and lengthy intensive care unit stay. Previously established SAH treatment protocols are impractical to impossible to adhere to in the current COVID-19 crisis due to the need for infection containment and shortage of critical care resources, including personal protective equipment (PPE). Centers need to adopt modified protocols to optimize SAH care and outcomes during this crisis. In this opinion piece, we assembled a multidisciplinary, multicenter team to develop and propose a modified guidance algorithm that optimizes SAH care and workflow in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. This guidance is to be adapted to the available resources of a local institution and does not replace clinical judgment when faced with an individual patient. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105010 doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105010 id: cord-322871-cf4mn0pu author: O''Keeffe, Dara Ann title: Ebola Emergency Preparedness: Simulation Training for Frontline Health Care Professionals date: 2016-08-08 words: 3719.0 sentences: 191.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322871-cf4mn0pu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322871-cf4mn0pu.txt summary: The primary goal of this program was to ensure the safety of staff, patients, and the general public by training staff in the correct use of personal protective equipment (PPE) before, during, and after care of patients with EVD. RESULTS: This program was effectively deployed in the STRATUS Center for Medical Simulation over a 4-month period, with 220 health care professionals participating in the training and 195 participants completing the pre-/posttraining questionnaires. DISCUSSION: This interprofessional simulation-based program has been shown to be a well-received method of training clinicians to manage patients collaboratively during an EVD outbreak. Here, we describe a simulation laboratory-based program that was used as the foundation training for frontline staff in the correct use of PPE for clinical care activities. Our interprofessional simulation-based program has been shown to be a well-received method of training clinicians to manage patients collaboratively during an EVD outbreak. abstract: INTRODUCTION: At Brigham and Women's Hospital, we identified the need for a comprehensive training program designed to prepare frontline staff to safely manage a patient with Ebola viral disease (EVD). The primary goal of this program was to ensure the safety of staff, patients, and the general public by training staff in the correct use of personal protective equipment (PPE) before, during, and after care of patients with EVD. METHODS: We delivered a 4-hour experiential training program to frontline health care professionals who would be expected to care for a patient with EVD. The program occurred in a simulation center with multiple flexible spaces and consisted of demonstration, multiple skills practice sessions, and a patient simulation case. We analyzed completed pre- and posttraining questionnaires. The questionnaire assessed their subjective level of confidence in three key areas: donning and doffing PPE, performing clinical skills while wearing PPE, and management of a contamination breach. RESULTS: This program was effectively deployed in the STRATUS Center for Medical Simulation over a 4-month period, with 220 health care professionals participating in the training and 195 participants completing the pre-/posttraining questionnaires. Our intervention significantly increased the confidence of participants on each primary objective (p = .001 for all three stations). DISCUSSION: This interprofessional simulation-based program has been shown to be a well-received method of training clinicians to manage patients collaboratively during an EVD outbreak. Our intent is that the skills taught in this training program would also be transferable to management of other infectious diseases in the clinical setting. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30800728/ doi: 10.15766/mep_2374-8265.10433 id: cord-335477-po201szv author: O''Leary, Fenton title: Personal Protective Equipment in the Paediatric Emergency Department during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Estimating requirements based on staff numbers and patient presentations. date: 2020-09-21 words: 3200.0 sentences: 181.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335477-po201szv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335477-po201szv.txt summary: OBJECTIVES: To estimate the Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) required in a Paediatric Emergency Department during the COVID‐19 pandemic comparing the use per patient to use per patient zone, based on the NSW Clinical Excellence Commission (CEC) guidelines in place at the time of the study. The aim of this study was to identify the number of staff contacts and AGPs with patients in the Paediatric ED over a 24 hour period and attribute PPE required according to the NSW CEC guideline and compare this to the PPE required based on staff zone allocations. Estimated PPE requirements for each of the three levels of risk of infection and transmission based on staff roles and zone allocations are described in Table 3 -supplementary file and based on patient contacts and procedures in Table 4 -supplementary file. abstract: OBJECTIVES: To estimate the Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) required in a Paediatric Emergency Department during the COVID‐19 pandemic comparing the use per patient to use per patient zone, based on the NSW Clinical Excellence Commission (CEC) guidelines in place at the time of the study. METHODS: A retrospective case note review of all patients and staff present in the emergency department of The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia in the 24hour period of Sunday 5(th) April 2020. The primary outcome of PPE estimates was generated from identifying the number of patient contacts and aerosol generating procedures (AGPs) performed per patient as well as the number of staff on shift. RESULTS: One hundred patients attended the ED (50% of usual) and all were included in the study. For a low risk community environment allocating PPE per patient contact required 48 face shields, 382 surgical masks, 48 N95 masks and 430 gowns for the day, increasing to 430 face shields, 331 surgical masks, 430 N95 masks and 761 gowns in a high‐risk community environment. Allocating PPE using zoning reduces the requirement to 48 face shields, 192 surgical masks, 48 N95 masks and 204 gowns, increasing to 196 face shields, 96 surgical masks, 196 N95 masks and 292 gowns per day in a high‐risk community environment. CONCLUSION: This study has demonstrated the considerable requirement for PPE in a Paediatric ED, which varies according to presentation type and the background prevalence of COVID‐19 in the community. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32959477/ doi: 10.1111/1742-6723.13653 id: cord-294916-xc9ozxyn author: Oehmen, Josef title: Risk, uncertainty, ignorance and myopia: Their managerial implications for B2B firms date: 2020-07-31 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Abstract Rare events are common: Even though any particular type of ‘rare event’ - a world war, global economic collapse, or pandemic for that matter - should only occur once every 100 years, there are enough of those types of ‘rare events’ that overall, they commonly occur about once every 10 years. As we are currently experiencing with the COVID-19 pandemic, we do not sufficiently leverage the rich toolset that risk management offers to prepare for and mitigate the resulting uncertainty. This article highlights four aspects of risk management, and their practical and theorical implications. They are: 1) Risk (in the narrower sense), where possible future outcomes can be captured through probability distributions. 2) A situation of uncertainty, where there is transparency regarding what is not known, but probability distributions are unknown, as well as causal relationships influencing the outcome in question. 3) A situation of ignorance, where there is no understanding that certain possible future developments are even relevant. And finally: 4) The emergence of organizational and inter-organizational myopia as an effect of risk, uncertainty and ignorance on collective human behaviour. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019850120304028 doi: 10.1016/j.indmarman.2020.05.018 id: cord-329921-mi71bet3 author: Ogoina, Dimie title: COVID-19: the need to redesign head coverings of personal protective equipment for manual stethoscopes date: 2020-08-11 words: 717.0 sentences: 45.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329921-mi71bet3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329921-mi71bet3.txt summary: In light of the absence of alternative technologies, and the need to define the chest signs of severe COVID-19 cases upon admission to our isolation ward, we explored redesigning the head covering of some of our PPE to enable auscultation of the lungs and hearts of COVID-19 patients using manual stethoscopes. The redesigned head covering is worn by a clinician, who can easily place the earpiece of the manual stethoscope into both ears through the refashioned ear pouches of the hood (Figure 1 ). In resource-limited settings where alternative technologies may be lacking, clinicians managing COVID-19 patients should consider redesigning the head covering of PPE to make provisions for the use of manual stethoscopes. Manufacturers of PPE should also consider creating ear pouches as part of the product design of head coverings to allow for the routine use of manual stethoscopes during the care of contagious infectious diseases such as COVID-19. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/traa063 doi: 10.1093/trstmh/traa063 id: cord-287707-ng0ha3vv author: Pal, Arghya title: ‘Masking’ of the mental state: unintended consequences of personal protective equipment (PPE) on psychiatric clinical practice date: 2020-06-04 words: 886.0 sentences: 53.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287707-ng0ha3vv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287707-ng0ha3vv.txt summary: title: ''Masking'' of the mental state: unintended consequences of personal protective equipment (PPE) on psychiatric clinical practice ''Masking'' of the mental state: unintended consequences of personal protective equipment (PPE) on psychiatric clinical practice "When your face says it all, your mouth waits its turn"this quotation by Anthony T. The mental state examination (MSE) derives significantly from simple observation of someone"s facial expressions and body language, in addition to clinical questions. The use of masks hampers the observation of facial expressions which is very important for any MSE. Apart from the difficulties in conducting MSE, PPE may also pose a barrier to observe some clinical signs which are as important to psychiatry as for other medical disciplines, e.g., injuries, pallor, icterus, cyanosis, etc. It would be highly beneficial for psychiatrists and patients alike if the national or international psychiatric bodies can prepare guidelines while weighing all the pros and cons, to conduct interviews and MSEs during the current pandemic. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0165178120317406 doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113178 id: cord-284374-sqxlnk9e author: Park, Jiyeon title: Infection Prevention Measures for Surgical Procedures during a Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Outbreak in a Tertiary Care Hospital in South Korea date: 2020-01-15 words: 4252.0 sentences: 208.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284374-sqxlnk9e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284374-sqxlnk9e.txt summary: title: Infection Prevention Measures for Surgical Procedures during a Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Outbreak in a Tertiary Care Hospital in South Korea Our experience with setting up a temporary negative-pressure operation room and our conservative approach for managing MERS-related patients can be referred in cases of future unexpected MERS outbreaks in non-endemic countries. Anesthesiologists were recommended to apply enhanced PPE (including PAPR from the middle of the outbreak) when managing all MERS-related patients because they were most directly exposed to the aerosol-producing high-risk procedures, such as endotracheal intubation and extubation. Almost all hospitals generally have positive-pressure operating rooms and they may experience an outbreak without facilities that are prepared for perioperative management of MERS patients, as our hospital did in 2015. First, although the previous guidelines recommended that asymptomatic MERS-exposed patients be managed as general patients undergoing surgery, we applied standard PPE to HCWs and we performed MERS-CoV PCR screening twice. abstract: In 2015, we experienced the largest in-hospital Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak outside the Arabian Peninsula. We share the infection prevention measures for surgical procedures during the unexpected outbreak at our hospital. We reviewed all forms of related documents and collected information through interviews with healthcare workers of our hospital. After the onset of outbreak, a multidisciplinary team devised institutional MERS-control guidelines. Two standard operating rooms were converted to temporary negative-pressure rooms by physically decreasing the inflow air volume (−4.7 Pa in the main room and −1.2 Pa in the anteroom). Healthcare workers were equipped with standard or enhanced personal protective equipment according to the MERS-related patient’s profile and symptoms. Six MERS-related patients underwent emergency surgery, including four MERS-exposed and two MERS-confirmed patients. Negative conversion of MERS-CoV polymerase chain reaction tests was noticed for MERS-confirmed patients before surgery. MERS-exposed patients were also tested twice preoperatively, all of which were negative. All operative procedures in MERS-related patients were performed without specific adverse events or perioperative MERS transmission. Our experience with setting up a temporary negative-pressure operation room and our conservative approach for managing MERS-related patients can be referred in cases of future unexpected MERS outbreaks in non-endemic countries. url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-57216-x doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-57216-x id: cord-268874-ldja6aa4 author: Park, Sun Hee title: Personal Protective Equipment for Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-24 words: 6754.0 sentences: 330.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268874-ldja6aa4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268874-ldja6aa4.txt summary: Although no study has conclusively linked SARS-CoV-2 transmission to contaminated environmental surfaces, indirect contact with fomites is considered a possible route based on the evidence of heavy environmental contamination in healthcare settings, objects used by COVID-19 patients [26, 27] , and the finding that the virus remains viable on plastic surfaces for as long as 3 days [28] . Initially, the Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) guidelines recommended coveralls with shoe covers for contact precautions, goggles/face shields for eye protection, N95 or equivalent respirators for respiratory protection, and powered airpurifying respirators (PAPRs) when AGPs are performed [46] . PPE for droplet and contact precautions, such as surgical masks with eye protection, gowns, and gloves, are recommended for HCWs in contact with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients, and N95 or equivalent respirators should to be worn by HCWs whenever AGPs are performed. abstract: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has posed a challenge for healthcare systems, and healthcare workers (HCWs) are at high risk of exposure. Protecting HCWs is of paramount importance to maintain continuous patient care and keep healthcare systems functioning. Used alongside administrative and engineering control measures, personal protective equipment (PPE) is the last line of defense and the core component of protection. Current data suggest that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets and close contact. Airborne transmission may occur during aerosol-generating procedures. However, the modes of transmission still remain uncertain, especially regarding the possibility of airborne transmission when aerosol-generating procedures are not performed. Thus, there are some inconsistencies in the respiratory protective equipment recommended by international and national organizations. In Korea, there have been several modifications to PPE recommendations offering options in choosing PPE for respiratory and body protection, which confuses HCWs; they are often unsure what to wear and when to wear it. The choice of PPE is based on the risk of exposure and possible modes of transmission. The level of protection provided by PPE differs based on standards and test methods. Thus, understanding them is the key in selecting the proper PPE. This article reviews evidence on the mode of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, compares the current PPE recommendations of the World Health Organization with those in Korea, and discusses standard requirements and the proper selection of PPE. url: https://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2020.52.2.165 doi: 10.3947/ic.2020.52.2.165 id: cord-338365-9sd62a2w author: Patrício Silva, Ana L. title: Increased plastic pollution due to Covid-19 pandemic: challenges and recommendations date: 2020-08-17 words: 7418.0 sentences: 354.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338365-9sd62a2w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338365-9sd62a2w.txt summary: This paper provides a comprehensive review on the potential impact of COVID-19 pandemic precautionary measures in the environment while considering the shift on public behaviour and policies towards single-use items and waste management. At first glance COVID-19 pandemic seems to be indirectly contributing towards the UN 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (namely 11, 12, 13, 15 SGDs) by increasing overall health and safety of cities by reducing the greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), outdoor air pollution, environmental noise level (including underwater noise due to reduced marine transportation activities), land and wildlife pressure. While the positive impacts of COVID-19 in the environment are resulting from a "postponed" anthropogenic activity that soon will entail after the pandemic scenario; the negative short-term effects (that are mostly related with plastic use, consumption and waste mismanagement as discussed below) will shortly add-up to the current environmental issues, aggravating their impact in the natural ecosystems and compromising potential mitigation/remediation measures. abstract: Plastics have become a severe transboundary threat to natural ecosystems and human health, with studies predicting a twofold increase in the number of plastic debris (including micro and nano-sized plastics) by 2030. However, such predictions will likely be aggravated by the excessive use and consumption of single-use plastics (including personal protective equipment such as masks and gloves) due to COVID-19 pandemic. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview on the effects of COVID-19 on macroplastic pollution and its potential implications on the environment and human health considering short- and long-term scenarios; addressing the main challenges and discussing potential strategies to overcome them. It emphasises that future measures, involved in an emergent health crisis or not, should reflect a balance between public health and environmental safety as they are both undoubtedly connected. Although the use and consumption of plastics significantly improved our quality of life, it is crucial to shift towards sustainable alternatives, such as bio-based plastics. Plastics should remain in the top of the political agenda in Europe and across the world, not only to minimise plastic leakage and pollution, but to promote sustainable growth and to stimulate both green and blue- economies. Discussions on this topic, particularly considering the excessive use of plastic, should start soon with the involvement of the scientific community, plastic producers and politicians in order to be prepared for the near future. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1385894720328114?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2020.126683 id: cord-308409-0n2ysgsa author: Pawlak, Katarzyna M. title: Impact of COVID-19 on endoscopy trainees: an international survey date: 2020-06-11 words: 3536.0 sentences: 180.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308409-0n2ysgsa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308409-0n2ysgsa.txt summary: Therefore, in this international survey, we aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on endoscopy trainees, including procedure numbers, barriers to training, and the physical and emotional well-being of trainees. 2) Changes to institutional case volume 3) Trainee concerns regarding competency development and prolongation of training; 4) Anxiety, assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale, 12 and rates of burnout, measured using the single item burnout scale. Of the 770 (93.8%) trainees who reported a reduction in endoscopy procedural volumes during the COVID-19 study period, the reasons cited included: changes to institutional policy to exclude trainees from procedures (79.9%); lack of cases (58.3%); shortage of available PPE (28.8%); redeployment to another clinical area (24.0%); and personal reasons (10.2%). Our study showed that the COVID-19 pandemic has led to drastic reductions in endoscopic volumes and restrictions on endoscopy training, with detrimental effects on trainee well-being, including high rates of anxiety and burnout among trainees worldwide. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S001651072034428X doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2020.06.010 id: cord-310944-tfn0ltrz author: Peck, Jessica L. title: COVID 19: Impacts and Implications for Pediatric Practice date: 2020-07-09 words: 5786.0 sentences: 307.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310944-tfn0ltrz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310944-tfn0ltrz.txt summary: Other populations at significant risk include older adults (> 65 years of age), persons with underlying medical conditions (e.g., asthma, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease), persons with immunocompromise, persons with severe obesity (body mass index >40), persons with diabetes, persons undergoing dialysis, and persons residing in long-term care or nursing homes (CDC, 2020c) . Ideal PPE when caring for a patient with known or suspected COVID-19 infection includes: a new N-95 mask, gown, medical grade gloves, and eye covers and/or a face shield (CDC, 2020b). Recommendations for families include: 1) supporting children as they ask questions about the pandemic, 2) close monitoring of child health and well-being with prompt contact of primary healthcare providers if changes are noticed, and 3) continuing to seek care in-person or using telehealth to maintain well visits and immunization schedules while receiving anticipatory guidance and necessary screenings. abstract: Since the rapid emergence of the novel coronavirus in December of 2019 and subsequent development of a global pandemic, clinicians around the world have struggled to understand and respond effectively and efficiently. With global response encompassing social, political, organizational, and economic realms, world leaders are struggling to keep pace with the rapid changes. Challenges within global healthcare system and the healthcare profession itself include rationing supplies and services within health care systems, many of which were stretched to the brink before this latest viral outbreak (American Hospital Association, 2020). Leaders are making policy decisions while balancing the slow and precise nature of science with the rapid and pressing need for life-saving information (Altmann, Douek, & Boyton, 2020). Shortcuts on research are occurring, including publishing papers with lack of peer review. Social media and lurid reporting bolster feelings of mistrust and panic-buying while burgeoning conspiracy theories commandeer national dialogue. This is a time in history to prioritize global health and thoughtful pandemic preparedness (Lancet, 2020). Pediatric Nurse Practitioners (PNPs) are ideally situated to be a trusted source of accurate health information for children. This continuing education article summarizes the latest evidence-based information on the rapidly developing coronavirus pandemic; equipping PNPs for clinical preparation and response. 1.. Distinguish risk factors for COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality and identify modes of transmission. 2.. Appraise appropriate COVID-19 testing parameters and procedures for children. 3.. Compare pediatric clinical presentation to adults with COVID-19 infection and recommend appropriate treatment measures. 4.. State appropriate infection-control measures to reduce transmission. 5.. Describe measures to reduce the risk of infection spread, mitigate adverse health effects in high-risk children, and to promote general health through preventive care. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0891524520301772?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2020.07.004 id: cord-337633-arivuags author: Perkins, Douglas Jay title: COVID-19 Global Pandemic Planning: Decontamination and Reuse Processes for N95 Respirators date: 2020-04-14 words: 2870.0 sentences: 154.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337633-arivuags.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337633-arivuags.txt summary: Here, we describe the development of a process that began in late February 2020 for selecting and implementing the use of hydrogen peroxide vapor (HPV) as viable method to reprocess N95 respirators. Since pre-existing HPV decontamination chambers were not available, we optimized the sterilization process in an operating room after experiencing initial challenges in other environments. Details are provided about the prioritization and implementation of processes for collection and storage, pre-processing, HPV decontamination, and post-processing of filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs). The primary means of protecting frontline healthcare personnel (HCP) from contracting COVID-19 is through the proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE), such as N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs). The two most important lessons learned from our experience are: 1) develop an adequate reserve of PPE for efficiently implementing the reprocessing workflow, and 2) locate a suitable environment for the HPV decontamination procedure, such as an operating room, which has the pre-existing conditions required for conducing the HPV decontamination process. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an illness caused by a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease was first identified as a cluster of respiratory illness in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China in December 2019, and has rapidly spread across the globe to greater than 200 countries. Healthcare providers are at an increased risk for contracting the disease due to occupational exposure and require appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including N95 respirators. The rapid worldwide spread of high numbers of COVID-19 cases has facilitated the need for a substantial supply of PPE that is largely unavailable in many settings, thereby creating critical shortages. Creative solutions for the decontamination and safe reuse of PPE to protect our frontline healthcare personnel are essential. Here, we describe the development of a process that began in late February 2020 for selecting and implementing the use of hydrogen peroxide vapor (HPV) as viable method to reprocess N95 respirators. Since pre-existing HPV decontamination chambers were not available, we optimized the sterilization process in an operating room after experiencing initial challenges in other environments. Details are provided about the prioritization and implementation of processes for collection and storage, pre-processing, HPV decontamination, and post-processing of filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs). Important lessons learned from this experience include, developing an adequate reserve of PPE for effective reprocessing and distribution, and identifying a suitable location with optimal environmental controls (i.e., operating room). Collectively, information presented here provides a framework for other institutions considering decontamination procedures for N95 respirators. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.09.20060129 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.09.20060129 id: cord-287303-b7vg439c author: Piché-Renaud, Pierre-Philippe title: Healthcare worker perception of a global outbreak of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) and personal protective equipment: Survey of a pediatric tertiary-care hospital date: 2020-08-12 words: 3608.0 sentences: 188.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287303-b7vg439c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287303-b7vg439c.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to capture perspectives of healthcare workers (HCWs) on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and infection prevention and control (IPAC) measures implemented during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. INTERVENTION: A self-administered survey was distributed to HCWs. We analyzed factors influencing HCW knowledge and self-reported use of personal protective equipment (PPE), concerns about contracting COVID-19 and acceptance of the recommended IPAC precautions for COVID-19. 13, 14 During the 2003 SARS outbreak in Canada, inconsistent use of PPE and lack of adequate infection control training were among the factors contributing to the infection of HCWs. 15 In this study, we aimed to capture attitudes and knowledge of HCWs regarding COVID-19 and IPAC measures in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially related to PPE. We also sought to identify factors influencing HCW knowledge and self-reported use of personal protective equipment (PPE), concerns about contracting COVID-19, and acceptance of the recommended IPAC precautions for COVID19 . abstract: OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to capture perspectives of healthcare workers (HCWs) on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and infection prevention and control (IPAC) measures implemented during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey of HCWs. PARTICIPANTS: HCWs from the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada. INTERVENTION: A self-administered survey was distributed to HCWs. We analyzed factors influencing HCW knowledge and self-reported use of personal protective equipment (PPE), concerns about contracting COVID-19 and acceptance of the recommended IPAC precautions for COVID-19. RESULTS: In total, 175 HCWs completed the survey between March 6 and March 10: 35 staff physicians (20%), 24 residents or fellows (14%), 72 nurses (41%), 14 respiratory therapists (8%), 14 administration staff (8%), and 14 other employees (8%). Most of the respondents were from the emergency department (n = 58, 33%) and the intensive care unit (n = 58, 33%). Only 86 respondents (50%) identified the correct donning order; only 60 (35%) identified the correct doffing order; but the majority (n = 113, 70%) indicated the need to wash their hands immediately prior to removal of their mask and eye protection. Also, 91 (54%) respondents felt comfortable with recommendations for droplet and/or contact precautions for routine care of patients with COVID-19. HCW occupation and concerns about contracting COVID-19 outside work were associated with nonacceptance of the recommendations (P = .016 and P = .036 respectively). CONCLUSION: As part of their pandemic response plans, healthcare institutions should have ongoing training for HCWs that focus on appropriate PPE doffing and discussions around modes of transmission of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.415 doi: 10.1017/ice.2020.415 id: cord-330333-un8lvw5o author: Pieterse, Pieternella title: Locally produced personal protective equipment can offer hospital staff protection against Covid‐19 if combined with surgical masks and rigorous personal protective equipment cleaning routine date: 2020-09-30 words: 1135.0 sentences: 60.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330333-un8lvw5o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330333-un8lvw5o.txt summary: Locally made, washable and reusable personal protective equipment (PPE), used in combination with N95 masks that were reused safely, has proven to be a viable alternative to disposable gowns and caps for hospital staff in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Muhimbili University Hospital''s children''s cancer ward in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, developed locally made PPE and created rigorous cleaning and disinfecting protocols, when the daily use of imported, disposable materials were not an option. In early March, when there were mere rumours of the virus across the continent, the children''s oncology ward management decided that everyone (including administrators, cleaners, patients and guardians, as well as nurses and doctors), would wear a mask at all times regardless of symptoms, and carry disinfectant gel to clean hands as frequently as possible. Locally produced personal protective equipment can offer hospital staff protection against Covid-19 if combined with surgical masks and rigorous personal protective equipment cleaning routine abstract: Locally made, washable and reusable personal protective equipment (PPE), used in combination with N95 masks that were reused safely, has proven to be a viable alternative to disposable gowns and caps for hospital staff in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Muhimbili University Hospital's children's cancer ward in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, developed locally made PPE and created rigorous cleaning and disinfecting protocols, when the daily use of imported, disposable materials were not an option. These items continue to protect staff, children and parents. The novel PPE approach was able to prevent staff from becoming infected during the pandemic despite the fact that several parents, and subsequently their children, became infected with Covid‐19 during cancer treatment at the facility. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.3080 doi: 10.1002/hpm.3080 id: cord-131678-rvg1ayp2 author: Ponce, Marcelo title: covid19.analytics: An R Package to Obtain, Analyze and Visualize Data from the Corona Virus Disease Pandemic date: 2020-09-02 words: 15208.0 sentences: 1362.0 pages: flesch: 67.0 cache: ./cache/cord-131678-rvg1ayp2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-131678-rvg1ayp2.txt summary: This paper is organized as follow: in Sec. 2 we describe the covid19.analytics , in Sec. 3 we present some examples of data analysis and visualization, in Sec. 4 we describe in detail how to deploy a web dashboard employing the capabilities of the covid19.analytics package providing full details on the implementation so that this procedure can be repeated and followed by interested users in developing their own dashboards. As the amount of data available for the recorded cases of CoViD19 can be overwhelming, and in order to get a quick insight on the main statistical indicators, the covid19.analytics package includes the report.summary function, which will generate an overall report summarizing the main statistical estimators for the different datasets. The covid19.analytics package provides three different functions to visualize the trends in daily changes of reported cases from time series data. abstract: With the emergence of a new pandemic worldwide, a novel strategy to approach it has emerged. Several initiatives under the umbrella of"open science"are contributing to tackle this unprecedented situation. In particular, the"R Language and Environment for Statistical Computing"offers an excellent tool and ecosystem for approaches focusing on open science and reproducible results. Hence it is not surprising that with the onset of the pandemic, a large number of R packages and resources were made available for researches working in the pandemic. In this paper, we present an R package that allows users to access and analyze worldwide data from resources publicly available. We will introduce the covid19.analytics package, focusing in its capabilities and presenting a particular study case where we describe how to deploy the"COVID19.ANALYTICS Dashboard Explorer". url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.01091v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-352902-isc3ek67 author: Powell, Adam W. title: The Adaptation of Pediatric Exercise Testing Programs to the Coronavirus/COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-21 words: 2773.0 sentences: 147.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352902-isc3ek67.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352902-isc3ek67.txt summary: The primary aims of this study were to (1) better understand current practice patterns in pediatric exercise laboratories in the United States and Canada, (2) assess local and institutional management during the COVID-19 pandemic, and (3) investigate how centers are affected by the lifting of hospital restrictions for COVID-19. Data were recorded regarding program location, changes to exercise laboratory staffing and operational protocols, current PPE use, changes to exercise testing protocols including deviations in measuring metabolic indicators of fitness, baseline pulmonary function testing, and noninvasive measures of cardiac output. Among the programs surveyed, 66% (23/35) reported discontinuing all exercise testing for a period of time during the COVID-19 pandemic, 31% (11/35) continued testing but only for patients triaged by medical need, and 3% (1/35) did not alter testing protocols. Specifically, the authors would like to thank all the pediatric exercise laboratories that responded to this survey for completing this item and for all the effort and diligence they have placed in caring for their patients and staff during the pandemic. abstract: OBJECTIVE: Response to the coronavirus/COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in several initiatives that directly impact hospital operations. There has been minimal information on how COVID-19 has affected exercise testing in pediatric patients. DESIGN: A web-based survey was designed and sent to pediatric exercise testing laboratories in the United States and Canada. Questions were designed to understand the initial and ongoing adaptations made by pediatric exercise testing laboratories in response to COVID-19. Results were analyzed as frequency data. RESULTS: There were responses from 42% (35/85) of programs, with 68% (23/34) of laboratories discontinuing all exercise testing. Of the 23 programs that discontinued testing, 15 (65%) are actively working on triage plans to reopen the exercise laboratory. Personal protective equipment use include gloves (96%; 25/26), surgical masks (88%; 23/26), N-95 masks (54%; 14/26), face shields (69%; 18/26), and gowns (62%; 16/26). Approximately 47% (15/32) of programs that typically acquire metabolic measurements reported either ceasing or modifying metabolic measurements during COVID-19. Additionally, 62% (16/26) of the programs that previously obtained pulmonary function testing reported either ceasing or modifying pulmonary function testing. Almost 60% of respondents expressed a desire for additional guidance on exercise laboratory management during COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric exercise testing laboratories largely closed during the early pandemic, with many of these programs either now open or working on a plan to open. Despite this, there remains heterogeneity in how to minimize exposure risks to patients and staff. Standardization of exercise testing guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic may help reduce some of these differences. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/2150135120954816 doi: 10.1177/2150135120954816 id: cord-029722-85h5060v author: Proffitt, Edmund title: Decoding the English standard operating procedures for dentists and the dental industry date: 2020-07-24 words: 2047.0 sentences: 79.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-029722-85h5060v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-029722-85h5060v.txt summary: It could be seen as a vehicle to herald what the CDO England has described as a ''COVID-19 legacy hallmarked by a determined revision of the current activitydriven clinical approach, optimising time with patients and delivered as an integrated oral health team.'' 3 Beyond the scope of the SOP document, there also appears to be an appetite for contract reform to support this ''revision'' going forwards. Seemingly, the raison d''être of the new standard operating procedures is not just to outline the detailed procedures for kick-starting dentistry, but also to support practices through transition and the shift towards a preventative and minimally invasive clinical approach that meets the current clinical challenges, and possibly then goes beyond. Seemingly, the raison d''être of the new standard operating procedures is not just to outline the detailed procedures for kick-starting dentistry, but also to support practices through transition and the shift towards a preventative and minimally invasive clinical approach that meets the current clinical challenges, and possibly then goes beyond. abstract: The recently published Standard operating procedure: transition to recovery for the resumption of dental treatment in England may prove to be not only the blueprint for the resumption of face-to-face treatments, but also a possible catalyst for change. Seemingly, the raison d'être of the new standard operating procedures is not just to outline the detailed procedures for kick-starting dentistry, but also to support practices through transition and the shift towards a preventative and minimally invasive clinical approach that meets the current clinical challenges, and possibly then goes beyond. Detailed guidance is also provided throughout the document, including the provision and type of required personal protective equipment and clinical guidelines. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7380156/ doi: 10.1038/s41415-020-1853-7 id: cord-259984-csdf1a69 author: Raffiq, Azman title: COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Impact on Neurosurgery Practice in Malaysia: Academic Insights, Clinical Experience and Protocols from March till August 2020 date: 2020-10-27 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The newly discovered coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease introduced to humans for the first time. Following the pandemic of COVID-19, there is a major shift of practices among surgical departments in response to an unprecedented surge in reducing the transmission of disease. With pooling and outsourcing of more health care workers to emergency rooms, public health care services and medical services, further in-hospital resources are prioritised to those in need. It is imperative to balance the requirements of caring for COVID-19 patients with imminent risk of delay to others who need care. As Malaysia now approaches the recovery phase following the pandemic, the crisis impacted significantly on neurosurgical services throughout the country. Various emergency measures taken at the height of the crisis may remain as the new normal in the provision of neurosurgical services and practices in Malaysia. The crisis has certainly put a strain on the effective delivery of services and as we approach the recovery era, what may have been a strain may prove to be a silver lining in neurosurgical services in Malaysia. The following details are various measures put in place as the new operational protocols for neurosurgical services in Malaysia. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33154710/ doi: 10.21315/mjms2020.27.5.14 id: cord-323008-xk89ew1b author: Rama, Asheen title: Individualized simulations in a time of social distancing: Learning on donning and doffing of an COVID-19 airway response team date: 2020-08-30 words: 798.0 sentences: 48.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323008-xk89ew1b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323008-xk89ew1b.txt summary: title: Individualized simulations in a time of social distancing: Learning on donning and doffing of an COVID-19 airway response team Recently, common biosafety breaches during donning and doffing of protective personal equipment (PPE) have been reported [2] . With the approval and wavier of institutional IRB, we report here our findings of examining our staff training regarding the common biosafety breaches in donning and doffing for aerosols generating medical procedures (AGMPs) based on key areas identified by Munoz-Leyva and Niazi [2] . Given the vast number of HCWs who are becoming infected with COVID-19 [6] , it is of vital importance that we not only distribute knowledge on PPE in the form of protocols, guidelines, demonstrations, and videos, but also provide simulations with personalized feedback which improves staff safety in anticipation of potential second wave infection as the world reopens [6] . Common breaches in biosafety during donning and doffing of protective personal equipment used in the care of COVID-19 patients abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0952818020315403 doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.110019 id: cord-271925-85bixn27 author: Rao US, V. title: Droplet nuclei aerosol and Covid 19 - a risk to healthcare staff date: 2020-05-03 words: 640.0 sentences: 50.0 pages: flesch: 66.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271925-85bixn27.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271925-85bixn27.txt summary: title: Droplet nuclei aerosol and Covid 19 a risk to healthcare staff The authors need to be complimented for a well-timed paper that addresses the current issue of exposure of health care workers to COVID 19. Authors mentioned that Flügge droplets travel up to 4.5 m, representing a risk to healthcare staff that is not directly involved in patient care. Health care workers and employers who are not directly involved in patient care are also at risk of virus transmission due to this and need to take adequate precautions. As rightly mentioned by the authors, the health care staff and the employee must receive adequate training to use personal protective equipment. Adequate training and education about droplet nuclei aerosol is very important for the safety of health care professionals and reducing risk of virus exposure. Personal protective equipment and COVID 19-a risk to healthcare staff? abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S026643562030190X doi: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.04.036 id: cord-296306-xcomjvaa author: Rivett, Lucy title: Screening of healthcare workers for SARS-CoV-2 highlights the role of asymptomatic carriage in COVID-19 transmission date: 2020-05-11 words: 6500.0 sentences: 350.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296306-xcomjvaa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296306-xcomjvaa.txt summary: Significant differences exist in the availability of healthcare worker (HCW) SARS-CoV-2 testing between countries, and existing programmes focus on screening symptomatic rather than asymptomatic staff. Table 3 outlines the total number of SARS-CoV-2 tests performed in each screening group (HCW asymptomatic, HCW symptomatic, and HCW symptomatic household contact) categorised according to the ward with the highest anticipated risk of exposure to high; ''amber'', medium; ''green'', low; . Three subgroups of SARS-CoV-2 positive asymptomatic HCW Each individual in the HCW asymptomatic screening group was contacted by telephone to establish a clinical history, and COVID-19 probability criteria ( Table 1) were retrospectively applied to categorise any symptoms in the month prior to testing ( Figure 2 ). 12/30 (40%) individuals from the HCW asymptomatic screening group reported symptoms > 7 days prior to testing, and the majority experiencing symptoms consistent with a high probability of COVID-19 had appropriately self-isolated during that period. abstract: Significant differences exist in the availability of healthcare worker (HCW) SARS-CoV-2 testing between countries, and existing programmes focus on screening symptomatic rather than asymptomatic staff. Over a 3 week period (April 2020), 1032 asymptomatic HCWs were screened for SARS-CoV-2 in a large UK teaching hospital. Symptomatic staff and symptomatic household contacts were additionally tested. Real-time RT-PCR was used to detect viral RNA from a throat+nose self-swab. 3% of HCWs in the asymptomatic screening group tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. 17/30 (57%) were truly asymptomatic/pauci-symptomatic. 12/30 (40%) had experienced symptoms compatible with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)>7 days prior to testing, most self-isolating, returning well. Clusters of HCW infection were discovered on two independent wards. Viral genome sequencing showed that the majority of HCWs had the dominant lineage B∙1. Our data demonstrates the utility of comprehensive screening of HCWs with minimal or no symptoms. This approach will be critical for protecting patients and hospital staff. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32392129/ doi: 10.7554/elife.58728 id: cord-253135-0tun7fjk author: Robin, Charlotte title: Zoonotic disease risk perceptions in the British veterinary profession date: 2017-01-01 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: In human and veterinary medicine, reducing the risk of occupationally-acquired infections relies on effective infection prevention and control practices (IPCs). In veterinary medicine, zoonoses present a risk to practitioners, yet little is known about how these risks are understood and how this translates into health protective behaviour. This study aimed to explore risk perceptions within the British veterinary profession and identify motivators and barriers to compliance with IPCs. A cross-sectional study was conducted using veterinary practices registered with the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons. Here we demonstrate that compliance with IPCs is influenced by more than just knowledge and experience, and understanding of risk is complex and multifactorial. Out of 252 respondents, the majority were not concerned about the risk of zoonoses (57.5%); however, a considerable proportion (34.9%) was. Overall, 44.0% of respondents reported contracting a confirmed or suspected zoonoses, most frequently dermatophytosis (58.6%). In veterinary professionals who had previous experience of managing zoonotic cases, time or financial constraints and a concern for adverse animal reactions were not perceived as barriers to use of personal protective equipment (PPE). For those working in large animal practice, the most significant motivator for using PPE was concerns over liability. When assessing responses to a range of different “infection control attitudes”, veterinary nurses tended to have a more positive perspective, compared with veterinary surgeons. Our results demonstrate that IPCs are not always adhered to, and factors influencing motivators and barriers to compliance are not simply based on knowledge and experience. Educating veterinary professionals may help improve compliance to a certain extent, however increased knowledge does not necessarily equate to an increase in risk-mitigating behaviour. This highlights that the construction of risk is complex and circumstance-specific and to get a real grasp on compliance with IPCs, this construction needs to be explored in more depth. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167587716306109 doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.11.015 id: cord-256112-zg63v8hh author: Rowan, Neil J. title: Challenges and solutions for addressing critical shortage of supply chain for personal and protective equipment (PPE) arising from Coronavirus disease (COVID19) pandemic – Case study from the Republic of Ireland date: 2020-07-10 words: 5768.0 sentences: 257.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256112-zg63v8hh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256112-zg63v8hh.txt summary: title: Challenges and solutions for addressing critical shortage of supply chain for personal and protective equipment (PPE) arising from Coronavirus disease (COVID19) pandemic – Case study from the Republic of Ireland This REA_PPE team comprises experts representative of anaesthesia and intensive care, medical device technology, infection control, hospital disinfection and sterilization, minimal processing; microbiology, toxicology, virology, material science, software engineering, and social marketing Priority initially focused on delineating effective communication channels in order to inform stocks within healthcare from several routes that include use of dedicated webpage [https: //covidmedsupply.org/] established by researchers from NUI Galway and University of Limerick (Ireland) that collects donations of PPE from regional industries and academic institutions. Original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) of one-time-use PPE have recently provided new information on possible methods for reprocessing these items given the universal need to consider contingency plans arising from shortages during this pandemic (such as 3M Science of Life, 2020). abstract: Coronavirus (COVID-19) is highly infectious agent that causes fatal respiratory illnesses, which is of great global public health concern. Currently, there is no effective vaccine for tackling this COVID19 pandemic where disease countermeasures rely upon preventing or slowing person-to-person transmission. Specifically, there is increasing efforts to prevent or reduce transmission to front-line healthcare workers (HCW). However, there is growing international concern regarding the shortage in supply chain of critical one-time-use personal and protective equipment (PPE). PPE are heat sensitive and are not, by their manufacturer's design, intended for reprocessing. Most conventional sterilization technologies used in hospitals, or in terminal medical device sterilization providers, cannot effectively reprocess PPE due to the nature and severity of sterilization modalities. Contingency planning for PPE stock shortage is important. Solutions in the Republic of Ireland include use of smart communication channels to improve supply chain, bespoke production of PPE to meets gaps, along with least preferred option, use of sterilization or high-level disinfection for PPE reprocessing. Reprocessing PPE must consider material composition, functionality post treatment, along with appropriate disinfection. Following original manufacturer of PPE and regulatory guidance is important. Technologies deployed in the US, and for deployment in the Republic of Ireland, are eco-friendly, namely vaporised hydrogen peroxide (VH2O2), such as for filtering facepiece respirators and UV irradiation and High-level liquid disinfection (Actichlor+) is also been pursed in Ireland. Safeguarding supply chain of PPE will sustain vital healthcare provision and will help reduce mortality. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969720320453 doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138532 id: cord-305262-23qylbmg author: Rowan, Neil J. title: Unlocking the surge in demand for personal and protective equipment (PPE) and improvised face coverings arising from coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic – Implications for efficacy, re-use and sustainable waste management date: 2020-09-10 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Currently, there is no effective vaccine for tackling the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 with the occurrence of repeat waves of infection frequently stretching hospital resources beyond capacity. Disease countermeasures rely upon preventing person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV2 so as to protect front-line healthcare workers (HCWs). COVID-19 brings enormous challenges in terms of sustaining the supply chain for single-use-plastic personal and protective equipment (PPE). Post-COVID-19, the changes in medical practice will drive high demand for PPE. Important countermeasures for preventing COVID-19 transmission include mitigating potential high risk aerosol transmission in healthcare setting using medical PPE (such as filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs)) and the appropriate use of face coverings by the general public that carries a lower transmission risk. PPE reuse is a potential short term solution during COVID-19 pandemic where there is increased evidence for effective deployment of reprocessing methods such as vaporized hydrogen peroxide (30 to 35% VH2OH) used alone or combined with ozone, ultraviolet light at 254 nm (2000 mJ/cm2) and moist heat (60 °C at high humidity for 60 min). Barriers to PPE reuse include potentially trust and acceptance by HCWs. Efficacy of face coverings are influenced by the appropriate wearing to cover the nose and mouth, type of material used, number of layers, duration of wearing, and potentially superior use of ties over ear loops. Insertion of a nose clip into cloth coverings may help with maintaining fit. Use of 60 °C for 60 min (such as, use of domestic washing machine and spin dryer) has been advocated for face covering decontamination. Risk of virus infiltration in improvised face coverings is potentially increased by duration of wearing due to humidity, liquid diffusion and virus retention. Future sustained use of PPE will be influenced by the availability of recyclable PPE and by innovative biomedical waste management. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0048969720357880 doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142259 id: cord-316918-mz5r7yiy author: Rubin, Geoffrey A. title: Performance of electrophysiology procedures at an academic medical center amidst the 2020 coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic date: 2020-04-20 words: 2803.0 sentences: 116.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316918-mz5r7yiy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316918-mz5r7yiy.txt summary: In this proposal, we detail the specific protocol changes that our EP department has adopted during the COVID‐19 pandemic, including performance of only urgent/emergent procedures, after hours/7‐day per week laboratory operation, single attending‐only cases to preserve PPE, appropriate use of PPE, telemedicine and video chat follow‐up appointments, and daily conferences to collectively manage the clinical and ethical dilemmas to come. In this proposal, we detail the specific protocol changes that our EP department has adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic, including performance of only urgent/emergent procedures, after hours/7-day per week laboratory operation, single attending-only cases to preserve PPE, appropriate use of PPE, telemedicine and video chat follow-up appointments, and daily conferences to collectively manage the clinical and ethical dilemmas to come. Unless urgent/emergent, we have avoided performing procedures on COVID-19 infected patients in the EP laboratory to prevent transmission not only during transport to the laboratory, but also to prevent seeding the lab itself in the case of a prolonged operation. abstract: A global coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic occurred at the start of 2020 and is already responsible for more than 74 000 deaths worldwide, just over 100 years after the influenza pandemic of 1918. At the center of the crisis is the highly infectious and deadly SARS‐CoV‐2, which has altered everything from individual daily lives to the global economy and our collective consciousness. Aside from the pulmonary manifestations of disease, there are likely to be several electrophysiologic (EP) sequelae of COVID‐19 infection and its treatment, due to consequences of myocarditis and the use of QT‐prolonging drugs. Most crucially, the surge in COVID‐19 positive patients that have already overwhelmed the New York City hospital system requires conservation of hospital resources including personal protective equipment (PPE), reassignment of personnel, and reorganization of institutions, including the EP laboratory. In this proposal, we detail the specific protocol changes that our EP department has adopted during the COVID‐19 pandemic, including performance of only urgent/emergent procedures, after hours/7‐day per week laboratory operation, single attending‐only cases to preserve PPE, appropriate use of PPE, telemedicine and video chat follow‐up appointments, and daily conferences to collectively manage the clinical and ethical dilemmas to come. We discuss also discuss how we perform EP procedures on presumed COVID positive and COVID tested positive patients to highlight issues that others in the EP community may soon face in their own institution as the virus continues to spread nationally and internationally. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32281214/ doi: 10.1111/jce.14493 id: cord-284274-9uu7yflt author: Russi, Christopher S. title: Emergency Medicine Telehealth for COVID-19: Minimize Front-Line Provider Exposure and Conserve Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) date: 2020-08-13 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.07.025 doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.07.025 id: cord-310104-1c7q9m06 author: Sasangohar, Farzan title: Provider Burnout and Fatigue During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons Learned From a High-Volume Intensive Care Unit date: 2020-04-20 words: 3250.0 sentences: 177.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310104-1c7q9m06.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310104-1c7q9m06.txt summary: T he novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID19) pandemic has resulted in an overall surge in new cases of depression and anxiety and an exacerbation of existing mental health issues, with a particular emotional and physical toll on health care workers. In this article, we share the lessons learned collectively by an interdisciplinary team of ICU leadership and collaborating scientists at the Center for Outcomes Research at HMH about the experience of occupational fatigue and burnout of intensive care personnel as a result of responding to the COVID-19 pandemic. Several factors may have exacerbated occupational fatigue and burnout in ICUs. Given our overarching roles across various facets of the health care system and our first-hand experiences with the response, the "lessons learned" documented here provide a holistic overview of major system-level problems exposed by the pandemic. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1213/ane.0000000000004866 doi: 10.1213/ane.0000000000004866 id: cord-329268-0zhabgkt author: Savoia, E. title: Factors Associated with Access and Use of PPE during COVID-19: A Cross-sectional Study of Italian Physicians date: 2020-05-01 words: 3727.0 sentences: 209.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329268-0zhabgkt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329268-0zhabgkt.txt summary: This study aimed to understand physicians access to personal protective equipment (PPE) and to information about their use, risk perception and strategies adopted to prevent contracting the infection. This study aimed to understand physicians'' access to PPE, reception of information about their use, ability to perform donning and doffing procedures, risk perception and strategies adopted to prevent contracting the infection. Questions were designed to inform the development of training and policies in response to the crisis and included questions about the physician''s work experience (years of experience, specialty, experience in COVID-19 units and geographic area of work), and questions related to the use of PPE divided in four parts: 1) Access to PPE and strategies to cope with shortage, 2) Information received on the use of PPE, 3) Self-reported ability to perform donning and doffing procedures, and 4) Risk perception of contracting the disease. abstract: Objectives During the course of the Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, Italy has reported one of the highest number of infections. Nearly ten percent of reported coronavirus infections in Italy occurred in healthcare workers. This study aimed to understand physicians access to personal protective equipment (PPE) and to information about their use, risk perception and strategies adopted to prevent contracting the infection. Methods We undertook a cross-sectional, online self-reported survey implemented between March 31 and April 5 2020 of Italian physicians. Results Responses were received from 529 physicians, only 13% of which reported to have access to PPE every time they need them. Approximately half of the physicians reported that the information received about the use of PPE was either clear (47%) or complete (54%). Risk perception about contracting the infection was influenced by receiving adequate information on the use of PPE. Access to adequate information on the use of PPE was associated with better ability to perform donning and doffing procedures [OR=2.2 95% C.I. 1.7-2.8] and reduced perception of risk [OR=0.5, 95% C.I. 0.4-0.6]. Conclusions Results from this rapid survey indicate that while ramping up supplies on PPE for healthcare workers is certainly of mandatory importance, adequate training and clear instructions are just as important. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.24.20073924v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.24.20073924 id: cord-341715-8h57tppr author: Sernicola, Alvise title: Treatment of nasal bridge ulceration related to protective measures for the COVID‐19 epidemic date: 2020-05-07 words: 1157.0 sentences: 56.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341715-8h57tppr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341715-8h57tppr.txt summary: Effective use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is of paramount importance to reduce the rates of infection among medical personnel, which is a leading cause of nosocomial spread among hospitalised patients and of loss of response capacity for health facilities, with HCWs constituting up to nine percent of total COVID-19 cases. 9 A 2019 study analysed the use of hydrocolloid medication in patients requiring NIV demonstrating a significantly reduced incidence of grade 2 pressure ulcers when a preventative hydrocolloid dressing was positioned on the nasal bridge compared with when the NIV mask was directly applied. We propose the use of a hydrocolloid dressing that successfully treated nasal bridge ulceration in our patient, to be applied as a simple and effective protection procedure in this setting, thanks to the specific properties of this advanced medication. The preventative effect of hydrocolloid dressings on Nasal bridge pressure ulceration in acute noninvasive ventilation abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.13397 doi: 10.1111/iwj.13397 id: cord-258498-0mvxwo3w author: Shah, Saleha title: COVID-19 and paediatric dentistry- traversing the challenges. A narrative review date: 2020-08-21 words: 13560.0 sentences: 748.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258498-0mvxwo3w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258498-0mvxwo3w.txt summary: This review article informs about measures which reduce facility risk, manage symptomatic patients and protect personal health care and management with reference to paediatric dentistry. 5, 6, 7 The risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission via aerosols generated during dental procedures cannot be eliminated when practicing in the absence of Airborne Precautions (airborne infection isolation rooms or single-patient rooms, respiratory protection program, N95 respirators). 47 Primary prevention encompasses prenatal health care, avoidance of night time bottle feed with sugary drinks or milk, restricting sugar intake and frequency for children younger than 24 months, avoiding frequent/nocturnal breast or bottle feeding after 1 year, exposure to dietary fluoridate (water, milk, salt), use of an age appropriate amount of fluoride toothpaste containing at least 1000ppm fluoride for brushing at least twice a day, dental visit in the first year of life and regular applications of 5% fluoride. abstract: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has become a major global public health emergency with a focus on preventing the spread of this virus for controlling this crisis. A dental setting is at a high risk of cross infection amid patients and dental practitioner's owing to the spread of infection via droplets suspended in the air by infected symptomatic or asymptomatic subjects. This review article informs about measures which reduce facility risk, manage symptomatic patients and protect personal health care and management with reference to paediatric dentistry. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2049080120302557?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.08.007 id: cord-011413-yv4x8viu author: Shekar, Kiran title: Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Coronavirus Disease 2019 Interim Guidelines: A Consensus Document from an International Group of Interdisciplinary Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Providers date: 2020-05-12 words: 7479.0 sentences: 535.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-011413-yv4x8viu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-011413-yv4x8viu.txt summary: The Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Guidelines have been developed to assist existing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) centers to prepare and plan provision of ECMO during the ongoing pandemic. 11 The interim recommendations presented here balance the need to provide high-quality ECMO care to those who may benefit most while being cognizant of available resources and maintaining an environment of patient and staff safety (Figure 1) . In addition, the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) COVID-19 Working Group Members completed a survey on patient selection criteria for ECMO to build consensus. We recommend the following contraindications for ECMO in patients with cardiopulmonary failure due to COVID-19 (Table 1) in centers functioning under significant resource constraints, for example, Contingency Capacity ≥ Tier 1. International ECMO Network (ECMONet): Position paper for the organization of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation programs for acute respiratory failure in adult patients abstract: The Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Guidelines have been developed to assist existing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) centers to prepare and plan provision of ECMO during the ongoing pandemic. The recommendations have been put together by a team of interdisciplinary ECMO providers from around the world. Recommendations are based on available evidence, existing best practice guidelines, ethical principles, and expert opinion. This is a living document and will be regularly updated when new information becomes available. ELSO is not liable for the accuracy or completeness of the information in this document. These guidelines are not meant to replace sound clinical judgment or specialist consultation but rather to strengthen provision and clinical management of ECMO specifically, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7228451/ doi: 10.1097/mat.0000000000001193 id: cord-317884-zni0aj1n author: Shirodkar, Amy-lee title: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) use among emergency eye care professionals in the UK during the COVID19 pandemic date: 2020-05-21 words: 1429.0 sentences: 78.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317884-zni0aj1n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317884-zni0aj1n.txt summary: EEC staff were provided with rapidly changing personal PPE guidance by Public Health England (PHE) with specific subspecialty advice from the British Emergency Eye Care Society (BEECS) and the Royal College of Ophthalmologists (RCOphth) UK during the COVID19 pandemic. BEECS undertook a baseline survey of its members after the initial response from the RCOphth 16/3/20 mirroring Public Health England (PHE) advice and a followup survey after the guidance was updated on 9/4/20. EEC staff were provided with rapidly changing personal PPE guidance by Public Health England (PHE) with specific subspecialty advice from the British Emergency Eye Care Society (BEECS) and the Royal College of Ophthalmologists (RCOphth) UK. BEECS undertook a baseline survey of its members after the initial response from the RCOphth 16/3/20 mirroring Public Health England (PHE) advice and a follow-up survey after the guidance was updated on 9/4/20. abstract: EEC staff were provided with rapidly changing personal PPE guidance by Public Health England (PHE) with specific subspecialty advice from the British Emergency Eye Care Society (BEECS) and the Royal College of Ophthalmologists (RCOphth) UK during the COVID19 pandemic. BEECS undertook a baseline survey of its members after the initial response from the RCOphth 16/3/20 mirroring Public Health England (PHE) advice and a follow- up survey after the guidance was updated on 9/4/20. A combined total of 84 responses were received. Improvements after RCOphth changes between the two surveys from hospital respondents showed increases in temperature screening (13%), scrub use (34%), use of aprons (31%), masks (4%), eye protection (35%), gloves (25%) and slit lamp guard (1%). Our findings demonstrate a positive and significant adaptation of PPE in response to change in guidance published by PHE, RCOphth and BEECS between 16/3/20 and 11/4/20. The COVID19 pandemic has rapidly taken over the normal activity of Ophthalmic departments creating unprecedented challenges. Following initial confusion and vulnerability expressed by EEC professionals to PPE guidance, most Trusts appear to have adapted and are doing similar things. The response has been swift and effective as a result of good team work and early advice from BEECS and the RCOphth. On the whole, management teams are listening. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32439878/ doi: 10.1038/s41433-020-0970-5 id: cord-281762-qwlfikfl author: Shorten, George D. title: Personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic (Letter #1) date: 2020-08-07 words: 570.0 sentences: 35.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281762-qwlfikfl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281762-qwlfikfl.txt summary: During the coronavirus disease pandemic, the circumstances under which donning and doffing of PPE is being learned, trained, and subsequently performed may be suboptimal. Although no overview exists of the training practices for donning and doffing PPE, it is likely that it is less than ideal. Ideally, in designing a training program for a new procedure, one would: 1) share a description of the procedure with ''''trainees'''' that contains unambiguous definitions of each step, and common and critical errors; 2) apply a pre-training preparation standard; 3) provide real-world materials (e.g., PPE) for repeated deliberate practice; 4) provide multiple training sessions based on performance; and 5) undertake an ''''exit'''' assessment. 4 Proficiencybased progression and other forms of metrics-based training decrease the incidence of errors amongst novice practitioners and the evidence of its consistent efficacy is particularly strong for procedural skills. Personal protective equipment (PPE) for both anesthesiologists and other airway managers: principles and practice during the COVID-19 pandemic abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-020-01784-4 doi: 10.1007/s12630-020-01784-4 id: cord-276758-k2imddzr author: Siegel, Jane D. title: 2007 Guideline for Isolation Precautions: Preventing Transmission of Infectious Agents in Health Care Settings date: 2007-12-07 words: 46228.0 sentences: 2479.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276758-k2imddzr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276758-k2imddzr.txt summary: Activities currently assigned to ICPs in response to emerging challenges include (1) surveillance and infection prevention at facilities other than acute care hospitals (eg, ambulatory clinics, day surgery centers, LTCFs, rehabilitation centers, home care); (2) oversight of employee health services related to infection prevention (eg, assessment of risk and administration of recommended treatment after exposure to infectious agents, tuberculosis screening, influenza vaccination, respiratory protection fit testing, and administration of other vaccines as indicated, such as smallpox vaccine in 2003); (3) preparedness planning for annual influenza outbreaks, pandemic influenza, SARS, and bioweapons attacks; (4) adherence monitoring for selected infection control practices; (5) oversight of risk assessment and implementation of prevention measures associated with construction and renovation; (6) prevention of transmission of MDROs; (7) evaluation of new medical products that could be associated with increased infection risk (eg, intravenous infusion materials); (8) communication with the public, facility staff, and state and local health departments concerning infection control-related issues; and (9) participation in local and multicenter research projects. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18068815/ doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2007.10.007 id: cord-343865-wbd0hqqc author: Singh, Ajay title: Real-Time Remote Surveillance of Doffing During COVID-19 Pandemic: Enhancing Safety of Health Care Workers date: 2020-05-12 words: 501.0 sentences: 38.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343865-wbd0hqqc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343865-wbd0hqqc.txt summary: Worldwide a significant number of health care workers (HCWs) have been infected till to date with Asia-Pacific region reporting 35 deaths and over 4000 quarantined cases, as on April 3, 2020. Effective use of PPE by HCWs is an integral part of COVID-19 prevention in the health care setting. Two-way audio-visual communication system with closed circuit television (CCTV) cameras in the doffing area has the potential to ensure HCW safety from the offsite location through a trained observer, qualified to guide round the clock (Figure) . He will communicate, visually inspect, protect, and guide HCWs through the protocols of doffing PPE. Rational use of personal protective equipment (PPE) for coronavirus disease (COVID-19): interim guidance Use of personal protective equipment among health care personnel: results of clinical observations and simulations Alternative doffing strategies of personal protective equipment to prevent self-contamination in the health care setting abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32366767/ doi: 10.1213/ane.0000000000004940 id: cord-317574-wyzscmtr author: Singh, Narendra title: Environmentally Sustainable Management of Used Personal Protective Equipment date: 2020-06-29 words: 1419.0 sentences: 80.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317574-wyzscmtr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317574-wyzscmtr.txt summary: The lack of a coordinated international strategy to manage the PPE production and waste lifecycle threatens to impact progress toward achieving key components of the United Nation''s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including SDG 3 good health and wellbeing, SDG 6 clean water and sanitation, SDG 8 decent work and economic growth, SDG 12 responsible consumption and production and SDG 13 climate action. Therefore, the local waste management agency deployed mobile incinerators in the city to dispose of the unprecedented quantities of discarded face masks, gloves, and other contaminated single-use protective gear. 7 The United Nation''s Basel Convention on the Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal has recently urged member countries to treat waste management amid COVID-19 as an urgent and essential public service to minimize possible secondary impacts upon health and the environment. In summary, the COVID-19 pandemic has strained solid waste management globally, while also highlighting the bottleneck supply chain challenges regarding PPE manufacture, demand-supply, use, and disposal. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c03022 doi: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03022 id: cord-271603-zy4l9vtf author: Skali, Hicham title: Guidance and Best Practices for Reestablishment of Non-Emergent Care in Nuclear Cardiology Laboratories During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: An Information Statement from ASNC, IAEA, and SNMMI date: 2020-10-17 words: 3726.0 sentences: 206.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271603-zy4l9vtf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271603-zy4l9vtf.txt summary: title: Guidance and Best Practices for Reestablishment of Non-Emergent Care in Nuclear Cardiology Laboratories During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: An Information Statement from ASNC, IAEA, and SNMMI • For SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging studies in inpatients who are not eligible for stress only testing, consider performing the rest injection in the patient''s inpatient room, to avoid completely or minimize waiting time in the laboratory. The nuclear cardiology laboratory''s protocols and patient scheduling templates will need to be closely monitored and refined multiple times over the coming months as the COVID-19 pandemic slowly recedes, with potential for local or widespread waves of new COVID-19 infections. • Providers and institutions should monitor local data and follow national, state, and department of public health recommendations for possible second COVID-19 waves that may require decreasing nuclear cardiology laboratory activities and enhanced protective measures. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32709732/ doi: 10.2967/jnumed.120.251355 id: cord-305419-l68ewxar author: Smart, Hiske title: Preventing Facial Pressure Injury for Health Care Providers Adhering to COVID-19 Personal Protective Equipment Requirements date: 2020-06-11 words: 5252.0 sentences: 284.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305419-l68ewxar.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305419-l68ewxar.txt summary: CONCLUSIONS: This creative and novel stepwise process of developing a safe skin protection method by which staff could apply a repurposed silicone border dressing beneath an N95 mask was largely effective and aided by the creation of the enabler. Accordingly, the Nursing Quality Committee advised the Pressure Injury Prevention Committee to follow this approach in developing and testing a skin care bundle specifically applicable to the work environment of KHUH for those HCPs providing acute COVID-19 care. One staff member with Fitzpatrick type 2 skin was willing to test the mask without facial protection for 2 hours on a different day, before the leak tests were conducted. This article describes a holistic approach to facial skin injury prevention for HCPs to "HELP" staff to embrace a Longer periods of PPE use (with each participant serving as their own control) produced a distinct difference between mask wear with and without protection, including improved facial condition and comfort without compromising mask seal. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if a repurposed silicone-based dressing used underneath a N95 mask is a safe and beneficial option for facial skin injury prevention without compromising the mask’s seal. METHODS: Since February 21, 2020, staff in high risk areas such as the ED and ICU of King Hamad University Hospital have worn N95 masks when doing aerosol-generating procedures to protect against the novel coronavirus 2019. At that time, without education enablers or resources that could be directly translated into practice, the hospital’s Pressure Injury Prevention Committee explored and created a stepwise process to protect the skin under these masks. This procedure was developed over time and tested to make sure that it did not interfere with the effectiveness of the N95 mask seal. RESULTS: Skin protection was achieved by repurposing a readily available silicone border dressing cut into strips. This was tested on 10 volunteer staff members of various skin types and both sexes who became part of this evidence generation project. Oxygen saturation values taken before and after the 4-hour wear test confirmed that well-fitted facial protection did not compromise the mask seal, but rather improved it. An added advantage was increased comfort with less friction as self-reported by the staff. An educational enabler to prevent MDRPI from N95 mask wear was an important additional resource for the staff. CONCLUSIONS: This creative and novel stepwise process of developing a safe skin protection method by which staff could apply a repurposed silicone border dressing beneath an N95 mask was largely effective and aided by the creation of the enabler. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32530822/ doi: 10.1097/01.asw.0000669920.94084.c1 id: cord-032498-5ugoi1tu author: Smith, Peter M. title: The Association between the Perceived Adequacy of Workplace Infection Control Procedures and Personal Protective Equipment with Mental Health Symptoms: A Cross-sectional Survey of Canadian Health-care Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: L’association entre le caractère adéquat perçu des procédures de contrôle des infections au travail et de l’équipement de protection personnel pour les symptômes de santé mentale. Un sondage transversal des travailleurs de la santé canadiens durant la pandémie COVID-19 date: 2020-09-21 words: 4713.0 sentences: 240.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-032498-5ugoi1tu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-032498-5ugoi1tu.txt summary: OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationship between perceived adequacy of personal protective equipment (PPE) and workplace-based infection control procedures (ICP) and mental health symptoms among a sample of health-care workers in Canada within the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic. Regression analyses examined the proportion of GAD-2 and PHQ-2 scores of 3 and higher across levels of PPE and ICP, adjusted for a range of demographic, occupation, workplace, and COVID-19-specific measures. 5, 8, 9 The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between perceived adequacy of PPE and workplace-based ICP and anxiety and depression symptoms among a large sample of health-care workers in Canada, within the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic. 5 In this sample of almost 6,000 health-care workers in Canada, we observed a graded relationship between the perceived adequacy of PPE provision and ICP implementation with symptoms of anxiety and depression, with lower symptoms among respondents whose PPE and ICP needs were being met. abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationship between perceived adequacy of personal protective equipment (PPE) and workplace-based infection control procedures (ICP) and mental health symptoms among a sample of health-care workers in Canada within the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A convenience-based internet survey of health-care workers in Canada was facilitated through various labor organizations between April 7 and May 13, 2020. A total of 7,298 respondents started the survey, of which 5,988 reported information on the main exposures and outcomes. Anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-2) screener, and depression symptoms using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2) screener. We assessed the perceived need and adequacy of 8 types of PPE and 10 different ICP. Regression analyses examined the proportion of GAD-2 and PHQ-2 scores of 3 and higher across levels of PPE and ICP, adjusted for a range of demographic, occupation, workplace, and COVID-19-specific measures. RESULTS: A total of 54.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 53.5% to 56.1%) of the sample had GAD-2 scores of 3 and higher, and 42.3% (95% CI, 41.0% to 43.6%) of the sample had PHQ-2 scores of 3 and higher. Absolute differences of 18% (95% CI, 12% to 23%) and 17% (95% CI, 12% to 22%) were observed in the prevalence of GAD-2 scores of 3 and higher between workers whose perceived PPE needs and ICP needs were met compared to those who needs were not met. Differences of between 11% (95% CI, 6% to 17%) and 19% (95% CI, 14% to 24%) were observed in PHQ-2 scores of 3 and higher across these same PPE and ICP categories. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest strengthening employer-based infection control strategies likely has important implications for the mental health symptoms among health-care workers in Canada. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7509238/ doi: 10.1177/0706743720961729 id: cord-308100-tvk47fd7 author: Soetikno, Roy title: Considerations in performing endoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-03-27 words: 2705.0 sentences: 224.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308100-tvk47fd7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308100-tvk47fd7.txt summary: Based on experiences and the literature, our objective is to provide practical suggestions for performing endoscopy in the setting of COVID-19 pandemic. 6 It is unknown how much of the risk was related to the direct care of infected patients or to the inadequate use of personal protective equipment (PPE). 9 With numbers of COVID-19 cases continuing to rise in North America and Europe, we aim to provide practical suggestions to potentially avoid the transmissions of COVID-19 in the endoscopy unit. Possible routes of SARS-CoV-2 transmission include (1) person-to-person, (2) respiratory droplets, (3) aerosols generated during endoscopy, and (4) contact with contaminated surroundings and body fluids. 13 Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) has published an extensive guideline on the rational use of personal protective equipment (PPE) for COVID-19 and provided specific instructions for healthcare workers performing AGP on patients with COVID-19. 17 Note that as an AGP, endoscopy of PUI/COVID patients requires the use of respiratory protection. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016510720340335?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2020.03.3758 id: cord-290456-cgrn5c36 author: Soliman, Mohamed A. R. title: Endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: A developing country perspective date: 2020-09-25 words: 4102.0 sentences: 241.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290456-cgrn5c36.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290456-cgrn5c36.txt summary: [16] e aim of this study is to present the current situation from a developing country perspective in dealing with emergency endoscopic endonasal skull base surgeries at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of preoperative patients'' screening, surgical techniques, and intraoperative PPE utilization. e survey consisted of 12 questions designed to explore three domains; patients'' information (age, clinical manifestations [neurological and COVID-19 related], diagnosis, preoperative COVID-19 screening, and COVID-19 symptoms during the first 3 weeks postsurgery), surgical team information (age, chronic medical conditions, and COVID-19 symptoms during the first 3 weeks postsurgery), and operative information (PPE utilization and basal craniectomy). ere was only one surgeon who developed a high-grade fever, malaise, and bony aches in the first 3 days after surgery who had undergone two nasopharyngeal swabs with RT-PCR testing 1 week apart and both came back negative representing 2.1% of the surgical team members [ Figure 2c ]. abstract: BACKGROUND: Although primarily a respiratory disorder, the coronavirus pandemic has paralyzed almost all aspects of health-care delivery. Emergency procedures are likely continuing in most countries, however, some of them raises certain concerns to the surgeons such as the endoscopic endonasal skull base surgeries. The aim of this study is to present the current situation from a developing country perspective in dealing with such cases at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A cross-sectional analytical survey was distributed among neurosurgeons who performed emergency surgeries during the COVID-19 pandemic in Cairo, Egypt, between May 8, 2020, and June 7, 2020. The survey entailed patients’ information (demographics, preoperative screening, and postoperative COVID-19 symptoms), surgical team information (demographics and postoperative COVID-19 symptoms), and operative information (personal protective equipment [PPE] utilization and basal craniectomy). RESULTS: Our survey was completed on June 7, 2020 (16 completed, 100% response rate). The patients were screened for COVID-19 preoperatively through complete blood cell (CBC) (100%), computed tomography (CT) chest (68.8%), chest examination (50%), C-reactive protein (CRP) (50%), and serological testing (6.3%). Only 18.8% of the surgical team utilized N95 mask and goggles, 12.5% utilized face shield, and none used PAPRs. Regarding the basal craniectomy, 81.3% used Kerrison Rongeur and chisel, 25% used a high-speed drill, and 6.3% used a mucosal shaver. None of the patients developed any COVID-19 symptoms during the first 3 weeks postsurgery and one of the surgeons developed high fever with negative nasopharyngeal swabs. CONCLUSION: In developing countries with limited resources, preoperative screening using chest examination, CBC, and CT chest might be sufficient to replace Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Developing countries require adequate support with screening tests, PPE, and critical care equipment such as ventilators. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33093987/ doi: 10.25259/sni_547_2020 id: cord-309324-vatugz84 author: Sorbello, Massimiliano title: Personal protective equipment, airway management and systematic reviews. Comment on Br J Anaesth 2020 date: 2020-06-30 words: 978.0 sentences: 61.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309324-vatugz84.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309324-vatugz84.txt summary: However significant limitations in their data hamper our ability to interpret the evidence base, but their data do highlight that the real concern is not measuring how limited airway management is by PPE, but rather the need for better understanding of PPE diversity, correct use of PPE and development and training in new techniques, protocols and devices to overcome such difficulties. Systematic review of simulated airway management whilst wearing personal protective equipment A randomised crossover simulation study comparing the impact of chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear substance personal protection equipment on the performance of advanced life support interventions The impact of respiratory protective equipment on difficult airway management: a randomised, crossover, simulation study The aerosol box for intubation in coronavirus disease 2019 patients: an in-situ simulation crossover study Utility of the Pentax-AWS in performing tracheal intubation while wearing chemical, biological, radiation and nuclear personal protective equipment: a randomised crossover trial using a manikin abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0007091220304980 doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.06.038 id: cord-294557-4h0sybiy author: Stogiannos, N. title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the radiology department: What radiographers need to know date: 2020-06-04 words: 6725.0 sentences: 377.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294557-4h0sybiy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294557-4h0sybiy.txt summary: Objectives include to: i) outline pathophysiology and basic epidemiology useful for radiographers, ii) discuss the role of medical imaging in the diagnosis of Covid-19, iii) summarise national and international guidelines of imaging Covid-19, iv) present main clinical and imaging findings and v) summarise current safety recommendations for medical imaging practice. CXR imaging of suspected or confirmed Covid-19 cases should be performed with portable equipment within specifically designated isolated rooms for eliminating the risks of cross-infection within the Radiology department. After the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic, many professional bodies and learned societies have been quick to issue official guidelines on how medical imaging should optimally be performed for early diagnosis and related management of these patients, but also how staff should be protected from cross-infection. Chest radiographic and CT findings of the 2019 novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): analysis of nine patients treated in Korea Imaging and clinical features of patients with 2019 novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim is to review current literature related to the diagnosis, management, and follow-up of suspected and confirmed Covid-19 cases. KEY FINDINGS: Medical Imaging plays an important auxiliary role in the diagnosis of Covid-19 patients, mainly those most seriously affected. Practice differs widely among different countries, mainly due to the variability of access to resources (viral testing and imaging equipment, specialised staff, protective equipment). It has been now well-documented that chest radiographs should be the first-line imaging tool and chest CT should only be reserved for critically ill patients, or when chest radiograph and clinical presentation may be inconclusive. CONCLUSION: As radiographers work on the frontline, they should be aware of the potential risks associated with Covid-19 and engage in optimal strategies to reduce these. Their role in vetting, conducting and often reporting the imaging examinations is vital as well as their contribution in patient safety and care. Medical Imaging should be limited to critically ill patients, and where it may have an impact on the patient management plan. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: At the time of publication, this review offers the most up-to-date recommendations for clinical practitioners in radiology departments, including radiographers. Radiography practice has to significantly adjust to these new requirements to support optimal and safe imaging practices for the diagnosis of Covid-19. The adoption of low dose CT, rigorous infection control protocols and optimal use of personal protective equipment may reduce the potential risks of radiation exposure and infection, respectively, within Radiology departments. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1078817420300845 doi: 10.1016/j.radi.2020.05.012 id: cord-314507-fgrvrlht author: Sule, Harsh title: Maintenance of Skill Proficiency for Emergency Skills With and Without Adjuncts Despite the Use of Level C Personal Protective Equipment date: 2020-03-27 words: 2469.0 sentences: 148.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314507-fgrvrlht.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314507-fgrvrlht.txt summary: Objective To determine the impact of Level C personal protective equipment (PPE) on the time to perform intravenous (IV) cannulation and endotracheal intubation, both with and without the use of adjuncts. Methods This prospective, case-control study of emergency medicine resident physicians was designed to assess the time taken by each subject to perform endotracheal intubation using both direct laryngoscopy (DL) and video laryngoscopy (VL), as well as peripheral IV cannulation both with and without ultrasound guidance and with and without PPE. Our primary objective was to determine the impact of Level C PPE on the time to perform intravenous cannulation and endotracheal intubation, both with and without the use of adjuncts. studied 40 emergency physicians (residents) with and without Level C PPE and found no difference in the mean time to successful endotracheal intubation (17.86 sec vs. abstract: Objective To determine the impact of Level C personal protective equipment (PPE) on the time to perform intravenous (IV) cannulation and endotracheal intubation, both with and without the use of adjuncts. Methods This prospective, case-control study of emergency medicine resident physicians was designed to assess the time taken by each subject to perform endotracheal intubation using both direct laryngoscopy (DL) and video laryngoscopy (VL), as well as peripheral IV cannulation both with and without ultrasound guidance and with and without PPE. Results While median times were higher using VL as compared to DL, there was no significant difference between intubation with either DL or VL in subjects with and without Level C PPE. Similarly, no significant difference in time was found for intravenous cannulation in the PPE and no-PPE groups, both with and without ultrasound guidance. Conclusions Existing skill proficiency was maintained despite wearing PPE and there was no advantage with the addition of adjuncts such as video-assisted laryngoscopy and ultrasound-guided intravenous cannulation. A safe and cost-effective strategy might be to conduct basic, just-in-time PPE training to enhance familiarity with donning, doffing, and mobility, and couple this with the use of personnel who have maximal proficiency in the relevant emergency skill, instead of more expensive, continuous, skills-focused PPE training. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32351813/ doi: 10.7759/cureus.7433 id: cord-335638-p84nmtfp author: Swaminathan, Ashwin title: Personal Protective Equipment and Antiviral Drug Use during Hospitalization for Suspected Avian or Pandemic Influenza(1) date: 2007-10-17 words: 3367.0 sentences: 175.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335638-p84nmtfp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335638-p84nmtfp.txt summary: This study aimed to estimate the resource needs that a hospital might face in the fi rst few hours of management of a single patient who sought treatment with possible avian or pandemic infl uenza (API) or similar highly virulent respiratory infection. The study outcome measures were the following: 1) number of close contacts associated with the API patient during the initial 6 hours of patient management, including how many of these were HCW close contacts; 2) the total number of exposures experienced by close contacts; 3) overall quantity and type of PPE items (gowns, gloves, N95 masks, eyewear) actually used during the simulation by HCW close contacts and ancillary HCWs; 4) overall "opportunities for PPE item use" for HCW close contacts and ancillary HCWs (i.e., actual use plus missed opportunities for appropriate PPE use); and 5) stratifi cation of HCW close contacts into medium-or low-risk groups for the purpose of recommending antiviral postexposure prophylaxis. abstract: For pandemic influenza planning, realistic estimates of personal protective equipment (PPE) and antiviral medication required for hospital healthcare workers (HCWs) are vital. In this simulation study, a patient with suspected avian or pandemic influenza (API) sought treatment at 9 Australian hospital emergency departments where patient–staff interactions during the first 6 hours of hospitalization were observed. Based on World Health Organization definitions and guidelines, the mean number of “close contacts” of the API patient was 12.3 (range 6–17; 85% HCWs); mean “exposures” were 19.3 (range 15–26). Overall, 20–25 PPE sets were required per patient, with variable HCW compliance for wearing these items (93% N95 masks, 77% gowns, 83% gloves, and 73% eye protection). Up to 41% of HCW close contacts would have qualified for postexposure antiviral prophylaxis. These data indicate that many current national stockpiles of PPE and antiviral medication are likely inadequate for a pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1310.070033 doi: 10.3201/eid1310.070033 id: cord-284640-tl9nmvog author: Tabah, Alexis title: Personal protective equipment and intensive care unit healthcare worker safety in the COVID-19 era (PPE-SAFE): An international survey date: 2020-06-13 words: 3271.0 sentences: 176.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284640-tl9nmvog.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284640-tl9nmvog.txt summary: PURPOSE: To survey healthcare workers (HCW) on availability and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) caring for COVID-19 patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). While pain, heat stress and fluid loss with using Powered Air-Purifying Respirators (PAPR) were predicted by experimental data (14) , there are no real-life reports of this issue when using PPE that is available to HCWs. The objective of this study was to describe the current reported practices, availability, training, confidence in the use and adverse effects due to extended use of PPE by HCWs from around the world caring for COVID-19 patients who require ICU management. This survey provides a snapshot of the reported availability, perceived adequacy of training and provided protection, adverse effects and usage of PPE among HCW managing COVID-19 patients in critical care environments from across the globe. abstract: PURPOSE: To survey healthcare workers (HCW) on availability and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) caring for COVID-19 patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). MATERIALS AND METHOD: A web-based survey distributed worldwide in April 2020. RESULTS: We received 2711 responses from 1797 (67%) physicians, 744 (27%) nurses, and 170 (6%) Allied HCW. For routine care, most (1557, 58%) reportedly used FFP2/N95 masks, waterproof long sleeve gowns (1623; 67%), and face shields/visors (1574; 62%). Powered Air-Purifying Respirators were used routinely and for intubation only by 184 (7%) and 254 (13%) respondents, respectively. Surgical masks were used for routine care by 289 (15%) and 47 (2%) for intubations. At least one piece of standard PPE was unavailable for 1402 (52%), and 817 (30%) reported reusing single-use PPE. PPE was worn for a median of 4 h (IQR 2, 5). Adverse effects of PPE were associated with longer shift durations and included heat (1266, 51%), thirst (1174, 47%), pressure areas (1088, 44%), headaches (696, 28%), Inability to use the bathroom (661, 27%) and extreme exhaustion (492, 20%). CONCLUSIONS: HCWs reported widespread shortages, frequent reuse of, and adverse effects related to PPE. Urgent action by healthcare administrators, policymakers, governments and industry is warranted. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32570052/ doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.06.005 id: cord-345210-6f8niif5 author: Tadavarthy, Silpa N. title: Developing and Implementing an Infection Prevention and Control Program for a COVID-19 Alternative Care Site in Philadelphia, PA date: 2020-07-19 words: 4228.0 sentences: 208.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345210-6f8niif5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345210-6f8niif5.txt summary: The rapid creation and unusual configuration of this facility, together with the challenges of new clinical teams unfamiliar with one another, and working together in uncomfortable PPE to provide high-quality patient care, necessitated some basic approaches to the development of our IPC program. The plan identified the need for engineering controls (e.g. specifications for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems) and specified occupational IPC health and safety requirements, including PPE standards, daily monitoring of staff for acute illness, sanitation standards for both hand hygiene and equipment sanitation, as well as laundry and waste management recommendations. Key lessons learned included the need to: develop strategies to cope with real and potential shortages of critical supplies; adapt existing guidance for unique sites of care; standardize and continually assess staff use of PPE and fundamental IPC practices; and the importance of communication of IPC principles and concerns throughout the planning and management of this COVID ACS. abstract: BACKGROUND: On March 27, 2020, the city of Philadelphia was given permission by Temple University to convert the Liacouras Center gymnasium to an alternate care site (ACS) to treat low-acuity COVID-19 patients. ACS's, especially those created to specifically care for infectious patients, require a robust infection prevention and control (IPC) program. METHODS: The IPC program was led by a physician and nurse partnership, both of whom had substantial experience developing IPC programs in U.S. and low-resource settings. The IPC program was framed on a previously described conceptual model commonly referred to as the “4S's”: Space, Staff, Stuff, and Systems. RESULTS: The gymnasium was transformed into red, yellow and green infection hazard zones. The IPC team trained 425 staff in critical IPC practices and personal protective equipment (PPE) standards. Systems to detect staff illness were created and over 3550 staff health screening surveys completed. DISCUSSION: Use of existing guidance and comprehensive facility and patient management assessments guided the development of the IPC program. Program priorities were to keep staff and patients safe and implement procedures to judiciously use limited resources that affect infection transmission. CONCLUSION: Planning, executing and evaluating IPC standards and requirements of an ACS during a pandemic requires creative and nimble strategies to adapt, substitute, conserve, reuse, and reallocate IPC space, staff, stuff and systems. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S019665532030691X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.07.006 id: cord-306090-i8sriw08 author: Tan, Zihui title: Protecting health care workers in the front line: Innovation in COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-15 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.010357 doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.010357 id: cord-102456-6jt4ksha author: Taylor-Cousar, Jennifer L. title: How I Do It: Restarting Respiratory Clinical Research in the Era of the COVID19 Pandemic date: 2020-11-13 words: 4068.0 sentences: 168.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-102456-6jt4ksha.txt txt: ./txt/cord-102456-6jt4ksha.txt summary: However, now that we have navigated the initial surge of SARS-CoV-2 cases, many are considering how to reintroduce non-COVID-19 clinical research conduct while protecting participants, staff and ensuring data integrity. Here we review key considerations and suggest a step-wise approach for resuming clinical research including observational research, registry trials, and interventional trials, as well as potential data confounding related to COVID-19 infections that are important to consider as research studies restart and data are analyzed. In the spirit of "Do No Harm", it is critical that institutional policies and processes are in place to ensure that there is no significant additional risk of contracting viral respiratory or other infections in the normal course of participation in research studies; now during the COVID-19 pandemic, these principles are even more critical. Throughout the subject''s participation in clinical research during the pandemic, she expressed her appreciation for the opportunity to continue in the study from which she believed she was benefiting, with minimal risk of exposure to infection from SARS-CoV-2. abstract: The clinical research we do to improve our understanding of disease and development of new therapies has temporarily been paused or delayed as the global healthcare enterprise has focused its attention on those impacted by COVID-19. While rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection are decreasing in many areas, many locations continue to have a high prevalence of infection. Nonetheless, research must continue and institutions are considering approaches to re-starting non-COVID related clinical investigation. Those restarting respiratory research must navigate the added planning challenges that take into account outcome measures that require aerosol generating procedures. Such procedures potentially increase risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to research staff, utilize limited personal protective equipment, and require conduct in negative pressure rooms. One must also be prepared to address the potential for COVID-19 resurgence. With research subject and staff safety and maintenance of clinical trial data integrity as the guiding principles, here we review key considerations and suggest a step-wise approach for resuming respiratory clinical research. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0012369220351400 doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.11.001 id: cord-290653-48swl1aq author: Teng, Margaret title: Endoscopy during COVID-19 pandemic: An overview of infection control measures and practical application date: 2020-09-16 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which has affected more than 4.5 million people in 213 countries, and has been declared a pandemic by World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. The transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been reported to occur primarily through direct contact or droplets. There have also been reports that SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in biopsy and stool specimens, and it has been postulated that there is potential for fecal–oral transmission as well. Gastrointestinal symptoms have been reported in 17.6% of COVID-19 patients and transmission can potentially occur through gastrointestinal secretions in this group of patients. Furthermore, transmission can also occur in asymptomatic carriers or patients with viral shedding during the incubation period. Endoscopic procedures hence may pose significant risks of transmission (even for those not directly involving confirmed COVID-19 cases) as endoscopists and endoscopy staff are in close contact with patients during these aerosol generating procedures. This could result in inadvertent transmission of infection at time of endoscopy. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32994856/ doi: 10.4253/wjge.v12.i9.256 id: cord-266173-gmz6oxf6 author: Tino, Rance title: COVID-19 and the role of 3D printing in medicine date: 2020-04-27 words: 3018.0 sentences: 142.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266173-gmz6oxf6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266173-gmz6oxf6.txt summary: Access to such models is still limited for many local 3D printing community members and will require close collaboration between companies and hospitals to ensure adequate manufacturing approaches and appropriate clinical use. The reverse-engineered 3D printable model of the Isinnova valve is not widely available at the time of writing, with the authors maintaining the position that such resources should be adequately evaluated and used only when such equipment is not available from the original manufacturers. Members of the global 3D printing community have designed a plethora of reusable personal protective equipment devices with insertable filters, primarily manufactured using low-cost desktop filament extrusion printers. To ensure the best fit, personalizing these masks may be achieved by printing in several sizes, experimenting with flexible materials, or surface scanning intended users'' faces and carrying out additional CAD to virtually fit these masks on an individual basis [9] . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32337613/ doi: 10.1186/s41205-020-00064-7 id: cord-267996-5l9shks8 author: Tysiąc-Miśta, Monika title: The Attitudes and Professional Approaches of Dental Practitioners during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Poland: A Cross-Sectional Survey date: 2020-06-30 words: 6338.0 sentences: 330.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267996-5l9shks8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267996-5l9shks8.txt summary: variables, such as a lack of access to adequate, enhanced PPE; individuals'' COVID-19 contraction risk assessments; self-reported feelings of anxiety regarding the disease; gender; the acknowledgement of national guidance on how to treat patients during the recent health care crisis; and other factors such as age, years of clinical experience, marital status, having children, place of residence, risk group for coronavirus infection due to comorbidities and, finally, dentists'' acknowledgement of the professional recommendations launched by the PDA and PMH. We also investigated factors such as age, years of clinical practice (Table 5) , marital status, having children, place of residence, belonging to the risk group for coronavirus infection due to comorbidities, and dentists'' opinions on the lasting impact of COVID-19 on dental procedures (Table 6 ) in relation to the decision to continue dental practice or not. abstract: The coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has put enormous pressure on health care systems around the world. Dentistry has had to adjust to the new epidemic situation to not only bring relief to suffering patients but also to avoid becoming a source of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Methods: A comprehensive, cross-sectional survey was conducted between April 6 and 16, 2020 among 875 Polish dental practitioners. The aim of the research was to assess dentists’ attitudes and professional approaches resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: 71.2% of dentists who responded to the questionnaire decided to suspend their clinical practice during that particular time. The main factors for this fact were the shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE), the respondents’ subjective perceptions of the risk of COVID-19 contraction and a general feeling of anxiety and uncertainty regarding the COVID-19 situation. The authors observed a significant decrease in the number of patients admitted weekly in April 2020 (12.06; SD, 11.55) in comparison to that in the time before the state of pandemic was declared on March 11, 2020 (49.21; SD, 24.97). Conclusions: Due to the unpreparedness of the dental sector, both in national health and private settings, most of the Polish dentists decided to voluntarily suspend their clinical practice in order to mitigate the spread of the disease. The COVID-19 outbreak has revealed numerous shortcomings in the dental care system, especially regarding the insufficient coordination of health services related to the pandemic and lack of advanced PPE. This has led to an overwhelming feeling of fear, confusion and anxiety among dental professionals in Poland and a sudden decrease in the number of performed dental procedures. Hopefully enriched with the recent experience and due to the implementation of proper strategic and long-term measures, dental practitioners will be better prepared and adapted to global health care disruptions in the future. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134703 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17134703 id: cord-321443-89o13sox author: Umazume, Takeshi title: Survey on the use of personal protective equipment and COVID‐19 testing of pregnant women in Japan date: 2020-08-10 words: 2029.0 sentences: 116.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321443-89o13sox.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321443-89o13sox.txt summary: AIM: To clarify the status of personal protective equipment (PPE) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) tests for pregnant women, we conducted an urgent survey. Our study also determined that around 65.0% of facilities for doctors and 73.5% of facilities for midwives used PPE beyond the "standard gown or apron, surgical mask, goggles or face shield" during labor of asymptomatic women. 3 In order to clarify the status of PPE usage during labor and delivery and COVID-19 tests for pregnant women, we conducted an urgent survey in Japan. Status of PPE use beyond "standard gown or apron, surgical mask, goggle or face shield" during labor of women without symptoms of COVID-19 Pregnant women were tested for COVID-19 not only in perinatal medical centers and university hospitals, but also other facilities, at a rate of 9-17% (Table S2) . Appropriate guidelines for PPE usage by medical providers and COVID-19 testing for pregnant women before delivery are necessary in Japan. abstract: AIM: To clarify the status of personal protective equipment (PPE) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) tests for pregnant women, we conducted an urgent survey. METHODS: The survey was conducted online from April 27 to May 1, 2020. Questionnaires were sent to core facilities and affiliated hospitals of the obstetrics and gynecology training program and to hospitals of the national perinatal medical liaison council. RESULTS: A total of 296 institutions participated in our survey; however, 2 institutions were excluded. Full PPE was used by doctors in 7.1% of facilities and by midwives in 6.8%. Our study also determined that around 65.0% of facilities for doctors and 73.5% of facilities for midwives used PPE beyond the “standard gown or apron, surgical mask, goggles or face shield” during labor of asymptomatic women. N95 masks were running out of stock at 6.5% of the facilities and goggles and face shields at 2.7%. Disposable N95 masks and goggles or face shields were re‐used after re‐sterilization in 12% and 14% of facilities, respectively. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of asymptomatic patients was performed for 9% of vaginal deliveries, 14% of planned cesarean sections and 17% of emergency cesarean sections. The number of PCR tests for obstetrics and gynecology per a week ranged from zero to five in 92% of facilities. CONCLUSION: The shortage of PPE in Japan is alarming. Sufficient stockpiling of PPE is necessary to prevent unnecessary disruptions in medical care. Appropriate guidelines for PPE usage and COVID‐19 testing of pregnant women at delivery are needed in Japan. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32779285/ doi: 10.1111/jog.14382 id: cord-007571-xzm36og6 author: Valdez, Anna Maria title: Are You Covered? Safe Practices for the use of Personal Protective Equipment date: 2015-01-19 words: 2415.0 sentences: 125.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-007571-xzm36og6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-007571-xzm36og6.txt summary: To prevent the spread of infection and injury, emergency nurses must be well prepared to appropriately select and use personal protective equipment (PPE). 5 Recently the CDC issued revised standards for EVD precautions, which include detailed guidance on the types of PPE required during patient care and strategies for ensuring safe practice. 6 Because of the complex and detailed nature of the guidance on caring for a patient with known or suspected EVD, emergency nurses should seek information about precautions and PPE standards directly from the CDC Web page at http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/hcp/index.html. Examples of strategies that can be used to prevent injury include strict adherence to infection control precautions, hands-on and in situ training, and staffing that supports safe care. 7 The CDC recommends that health care providers receive repeated training and demonstrate competency in performing all Ebola-related infection control practices and procedures, including donning and doffing proper PPE before engaging in patient care activities. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7119349/ doi: 10.1016/j.jen.2014.11.011 id: cord-324654-nnojaupv author: Vordos, Nick title: How 3D Printing and Social Media Tackles the PPE Shortage during Covid – 19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-07 words: 3043.0 sentences: 160.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324654-nnojaupv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324654-nnojaupv.txt summary: During the recent Covid-19 pandemic, additive Technology and Social Media were used to tackle the shortage of Personal Protective Equipment. They explore how 3D printed designs were utilized to address the Covid-19 pandemic, as well how the QALY model can be applied in this case to measure the effects of the use of PPE. The ultimate goal of the article is to highlight the use of Social Media and additive technology in general from common users, to address the lack of basic personal protective equipment or even parts of machinery used by health professionals. Patients using PPE gained quality of life compared to health worker professionals from Europe or US, without the usage of PPEs. This study examined the way individual social media users and 3D printer owners tackle the PPE shortage during a pandemic. abstract: During the recent Covid-19 pandemic, additive Technology and Social Media were used to tackle the shortage of Personal Protective Equipment. A literature review and a social media listening software were employed to explore the number of the users referring to specific keywords related to 3D printing and PPE. Additionally, the QALY model was recruited to highlight the importance of the PPE usage. More than 7 billion users used the keyword covid or similar in the web while mainly Twitter and Facebook were used as a world platform for PPE designs distribution through individuals and more than 100 different 3D printable PPE designs were developed. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32536750/ doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104870 id: cord-313528-rp15vi1o author: Wallace, Douglas W. title: An adapted emergency department triage algorithm for the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-08-10 words: 2111.0 sentences: 128.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313528-rp15vi1o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313528-rp15vi1o.txt summary: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, with its public health implications, high case fatality rate, and strain on hospital resources, will continue to challenge clinicians and researchers alike for months to come. The authors describe an adapted COVID‐19 pandemic triage algorithm for emergency departments (EDs) guided by the best available evidence and responses to prior pandemics, with recommendations for clinician PPE use for each level of encounter in the setting of an ongoing PPE shortage. 3 Hospitals across the United States have adapted to the COVID-19 pandemic by limiting nonessential patient interaction and transforming their emergency departments (EDs) to treat patients who are both critically ill and highly contagious. It is the authors'' hope that use of this triage algorithm and PPE recommendations will aid frontline emergency clinicians in the ongoing response to COVID-19. abstract: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, with its public health implications, high case fatality rate, and strain on hospital resources, will continue to challenge clinicians and researchers alike for months to come. Accurate triage of patients during the pandemic will assign patients to the appropriate level of care, provide the best care for the maximum number of patients, rationally limit personal protective equipment (PPE) usage, and mitigate nosocomial exposures. The authors describe an adapted COVID‐19 pandemic triage algorithm for emergency departments (EDs) guided by the best available evidence and responses to prior pandemics, with recommendations for clinician PPE use for each level of encounter in the setting of an ongoing PPE shortage. Our algorithm adheres to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines and supports discharge of patients with mild symptoms coupled with explicit and strict return precautions and infection control education. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/emp2.12210 doi: 10.1002/emp2.12210 id: cord-349740-xed4aybr author: Wang, Yulong title: Recommendations of protective measures for orthopedic surgeons during COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-10 words: 4260.0 sentences: 212.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349740-xed4aybr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349740-xed4aybr.txt summary: The appropriate protective measures for orthopedic surgeons and patients were reviewed (on-site first aid, emergency room, operating room, isolation wards, general ward, etc.) during the entire diagnosis and treatment process of traumatic patients. To avoid occupational transmission of COVID-19 to medical staff, appropriate protective measures taken by orthopedic surgeons during pandemic in different sites from pre-hospital, emergency diagnosis and treatment, emergency surgery, anesthesia, and perioperative management are of great importance. Lessons learnt from our experience provide some recommendations of protective measures during the entire diagnosis and treatment process of traumatic patients and help others to manage orthopedic patients with COVID-19, to reduce the risk of cross-infection between patients and to protect healthcare workers during work. Lessons learnt from our experience provide some recommendations of protective measures during the entire diagnosis and treatment process of traumatic patients and help others to manage orthopedic patients with COVID-19, to reduce the risk of cross-infection between patients and to protect healthcare workers during work. abstract: PURPOSE: It was the primary purpose of the present systematic review to identify the optimal protection measures during COVID-19 pandemic and provide guidance of protective measures for orthopedic surgeons. The secondary purpose was to report the protection experience of an orthopedic trauma center in Wuhan, China during the pandemic. METHODS: A systematic search of the PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Google Scholar was performed for studies about COVID-19, fracture, trauma, orthopedic, healthcare workers, protection, telemedicine. The appropriate protective measures for orthopedic surgeons and patients were reviewed (on-site first aid, emergency room, operating room, isolation wards, general ward, etc.) during the entire diagnosis and treatment process of traumatic patients. RESULTS: Eighteen studies were included, and most studies (13/18) emphasized that orthopedic surgeons should pay attention to prevent cross-infection. Only four studies have reported in detail how orthopedic surgeons should be protected during surgery in the operating room. No detailed studies on multidisciplinary cooperation, strict protection, protection training, indications of emergency surgery, first aid on-site and protection in orthopedic wards were found. CONCLUSION: Strict protection at every step in the patient pathway is important to reduce the risk of cross-infection. Lessons learnt from our experience provide some recommendations of protective measures during the entire diagnosis and treatment process of traumatic patients and help others to manage orthopedic patients with COVID-19, to reduce the risk of cross-infection between patients and to protect healthcare workers during work. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32524164/ doi: 10.1007/s00167-020-06092-4 id: cord-028285-n4dommet author: Weilongorska, Natasha L. title: COVID-19: What are the challenges for NHS surgery? date: 2020-07-02 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7329670/ doi: 10.1016/j.cpsurg.2020.100856 id: cord-322382-p46slvka author: Wesemann, Christian title: 3-D Printed Protective Equipment during COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-24 words: 3861.0 sentences: 193.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322382-p46slvka.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322382-p46slvka.txt summary: Therefore, to provide HCWs with sufficient PPEs to increase facial protection, face shields could be 3-D printed. The increased space between the face and visor is sufficient for essential eye and mouth-nose protective equipment, but, at the same time, lateral protection against aerosols when using pre-fabricated DIN A4 foils is reduced. For effective and efficient manufacturing of the face shields presented in this study, fused deposition modeling (FDM) was preferred due to its increased printing capability and minimal post-processing requirements. Easy to use and self-sustaining face shield production using one''s own printing capabilities in combination with sufficiently available, commercial goods, such as the laser copy foils in the current study, can be considered to help protect HCWs from aerosol or accidental hand-to-face contamination during their daily clinical routines. 3-D printing of the frame of a face shield was possible using open-source data and biodegradable material. abstract: While the number of coronavirus cases from 2019 continues to grow, hospitals are reporting shortages of personal protective equipment (PPE) for frontline healthcare workers. Furthermore, PPE for the eyes and mouth, such as face shields, allow for additional protection when working with aerosols. 3-D printing enables the easy and rapid production of lightweight plastic frameworks based on open-source data. The practicality and clinical suitability of four face shields printed using a fused deposition modeling printer were examined. The weight, printing time, and required tools for assembly were evaluated. To assess the clinical suitability, each face shield was worn for one hour by 10 clinicians and rated using a visual analogue scale. The filament weight (21–42 g) and printing time (1:40–3:17 h) differed significantly between the four frames. Likewise, the fit, wearing comfort, space for additional PPE, and protection varied between the designs. For clinical suitability, a chosen design should allow sufficient space for goggles and N95 respirators as well as maximum coverage of the facial area. Consequently, two datasets are recommended. For the final selection of the ideal dataset to be used for printing, scalability and economic efficiency need to be carefully balanced with an acceptable degree of protection. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32344688/ doi: 10.3390/ma13081997 id: cord-269826-l44xbgok author: Wills, Timothy T. title: Utilization of an Orthopedic Hood as Personal Protective Equipment for Intubation of Coronavirus Patients: a Brief Technical Report date: 2020-06-02 words: 1300.0 sentences: 83.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269826-l44xbgok.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269826-l44xbgok.txt summary: title: Utilization of an Orthopedic Hood as Personal Protective Equipment for Intubation of Coronavirus Patients: a Brief Technical Report Personal protective equipment (PPE) has been tailored accordingly, but as of April 2020, close to 10 000 health care workers in the United States have contracted COVID-19 despite wearing recommended PPE. In this brief technical report, we describe the integration of an orthopedic hood cover as an item for full barrier protection against COVID-19 transmission. CONCLUSION: Modification of existing PPE may provide protection for health care workers during high-risk aerosolizing procedures such as endotracheal intubation. We describe in a brief technical report the integration of an orthopedic hood cover as an item for full barrier protection against COVID-19 transmission during endotracheal intubation. The addition of an orthopedic hood covering to standard PPE may provide protection for health care workers during highrisk aerosolizing procedures such as endotracheal intubation. abstract: BACKGROUND: The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has afflicted millions of people worldwide since its first case was reported in December 2019. Personal protective equipment (PPE) has been tailored accordingly, but as of April 2020, close to 10 000 health care workers in the United States have contracted COVID-19 despite wearing recommended PPE. As such, standard guidelines for PPE may be inadequate for the health care worker performing high-risk aerosolizing procedures such as endotracheal intubation. In this brief technical report, we describe the integration of an orthopedic hood cover as an item for full barrier protection against COVID-19 transmission. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION: The Coronavirus Airway Task Force at Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center approved this initiative and went live with the full barrier suit during the last week of March 2020. The PPE described in this report includes a Stryker T4 Hood, normally used in conjunction with the Stryker Steri-Shield T4 Helmet. Instead of the helmet, the hood is secured to the head via a baseball cap and binder clip. This head covering apparatus is to be used as an accessory to other PPE items that include an N95 mask, waterproof gown, and disposable gloves. The motor ventilation system is not used in order to prevent airborne viral entry into the hood. DISCUSSION: An advantage of the full barrier suit is an additional layer of droplet protection during intubation. The most notable disadvantage is the absence of a ventilation system within the hood covering. CONCLUSION: Modification of existing PPE may provide protection for health care workers during high-risk aerosolizing procedures such as endotracheal intubation. Although the integration of this medical equipment meets the immediate needs of an escalating crisis, further innovation is on the horizon. More research is needed to confirm the safety of modified PPE. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/2151459320930554 doi: 10.1177/2151459320930554 id: cord-332932-mq36xpai author: Wood, David A. title: Safe Reintroduction of Cardiovascular Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Guidance from North American Society Leadership date: 2020-05-04 words: 1776.0 sentences: 113.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332932-mq36xpai.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332932-mq36xpai.txt summary: In this consensus report, we harmonize recommendations from North American cardiovascular societies and provide guidance on the safe reintroduction of invasive cardiovascular procedures and diagnostic tests after the initial peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. As discussed below, COVID-19 testing of potential patients and health care workers (HCW), as well as personal protective equipment (PPE), must also be carefully monitored to minimize the risk of shortages as the pandemic escalates and abates. 2) COVID-19 Screening: Encourage routine screening of all patients prior to any cardiovascular procedure or test to ensure the safety of HCWs. This testing may include nasopharyngeal swabs and saliva or rapid antibody tests and should be guided by local institutional infectious disease experts and closely coordinated with regional public health officials. It provides an ethical framework with appropriate safeguards for the gradual reintroduction of invasive cardiovascular procedures and diagnostics tests after the initial peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0735109720351652 doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.04.063 id: cord-332083-135iic7m author: Xia, Wei title: The Physical and Psychological Effects of Personal Protective Equipment on Health Care Workers in Wuhan, China: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study date: 2020-09-29 words: 4734.0 sentences: 255.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332083-135iic7m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332083-135iic7m.txt summary: INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to rapidly quantify the safety measures regarding donning and doffing personal protective equipment, complaints of discomfort caused by wearing personal protective equipment, and the psychological perceptions of health care workers in hospitals in Wuhan, China, responding to the outbreak. Detailed donning and doffing procedures are described in the Supplementary Figure The purpose of this study was to rapidly quantify the safety measures of donning and doffing PPE, complaints of discomfort caused by wearing PPE, and the psychological perceptions of HCWs in hospitals in Wuhan, China, responding to the COVID-19 outbreak. Because our participants were all HCWs in Wuhan hospitals, we divided their demographic information as follows: the demographic variables included sex (male or female); age (20-30 years, 30-40 years, 40-50 years, and >50 years); occupation (physician, nurse, pharmacist, medical technician, or other); workplace (a designated hospital for patients critically ill with severe COVID-19; an undesignated hospital for patients uninfected with COVID-19; and Fangcang Hospital for patients with mild symptoms of COVID-19); and department (general isolation ward, intensive care unit [ICU], emergency department for patients with fevers, and other). abstract: INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to rapidly quantify the safety measures regarding donning and doffing personal protective equipment, complaints of discomfort caused by wearing personal protective equipment, and the psychological perceptions of health care workers in hospitals in Wuhan, China, responding to the outbreak. METHODS: A cross-sectional online questionnaire design was used Data were collected from March 14, 2020, to March 16, 2020, in Wuhan, China. Descriptive statistics and χ square analyses testing were used. RESULTS: Standard nosocomial infection training could significantly decrease the occurrence of infection (3.6% vs 13.0%, χ(2) = 4.47, P < 0.05). Discomfort can be classified into 7 categories. Female sex (66.0% vs 50.5%, χ(2) = 6.37), occupation (62.7% vs 30.8%, χ(2) = 5.33), working at designated hospitals (44.8% vs 26.7%, χ(2) = 5.17) or in intensive care units (70.4% vs 57.9%, χ(2) = 3.88), and working in personal protective equipment for > 4 hours (62.2% vs 39.2%, χ(2) = 9.17) led to more complaints about physical discomfort or increased occurrence of pressure sores (all P < 0.05). Psychologically, health care workers at designated hospitals (60.0% vs 42.1%, χ(2) = 4.97) or intensive care units (55.9% vs 41.5%, χ(2) = 4.40) (all P < 0.05) expressed more pride. DISCUSSION: Active training on infection and protective equipment could reduce the infection risk. Working for long hours increased the occurrence of discomfort and skin erosion. Reducing the working hours and having adequate protective products and proper psychological interventions may be beneficial to relieve discomfort. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32994038/ doi: 10.1016/j.jen.2020.08.004 id: cord-297863-ou432md0 author: Ye, Lei title: Infection prevention and control in nursing severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients during the pandemic date: 2020-06-12 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32532324/ doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-03076-1 id: cord-337499-jzpgtkai author: Yong Choi, Sung title: Safe surgical tracheostomy during the COVID-19 pandemic: A protocol based on experiences with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome and COVID-19 outbreaks in South Korea date: 2020-06-17 words: 4736.0 sentences: 257.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337499-jzpgtkai.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337499-jzpgtkai.txt summary: title: Safe surgical tracheostomy during the COVID-19 pandemic: A protocol based on experiences with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome and COVID-19 outbreaks in South Korea RESULTS: Compared with previous guidelines, our protocol consisted of enhanced PPE, simplified procedures (no limitation in the use of electrocautery and wound suction, no stay suture, and delayed cannula change) and a validated screening strategy for healthcare workers. In contrast, the surgical tracheostomy for the COVID-19 patient was performed by one dedicated head and neck surgeon and ICU medical staff (two intensivists and one senior nurse), who worked only in the negative pressure room for COVID-19, and assisted with all procedures (Supplementary Figure 1) . The first cannula change for the COVID-19 patient was performed by the same surgeon with enhanced PPE at 13 days because that patient had three consecutive negative SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests 11 days after tracheostomy. abstract: BACKGROUND: A subset of patients with COVID-19 require intensive respiratory care and tracheostomy. Several guidelines on tracheostomy procedures and care of tracheostomized patients have been introduced. In addition to these guidelines, further details of the procedure and perioperative care would be helpful. The purpose of this study is to describe our experience and tracheostomy protocol for patients with MERS or COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirteen patients with MERS were admitted to the ICU, 9 (69.2%) of whom underwent surgical tracheostomy. During the COVID-19 outbreak, surgical tracheostomy was performed in one of seven patients with COVID-19. We reviewed related documents and collected information through interviews with healthcare workers who had participated in designing a tracheostomy protocol. RESULTS: Compared with previous guidelines, our protocol consisted of enhanced PPE, simplified procedures (no limitation in the use of electrocautery and wound suction, no stay suture, and delayed cannula change) and a validated screening strategy for healthcare workers. Our protocol allowed for all associated healthcare workers to continue their routine clinical work and daily life. It guaranteed safe return to general patient care without any related complications or nosocomial transmission during the MERS and COVID-19 outbreaks. CONCLUSION: Our protocol and experience with tracheostomies for MERS and COVID-19 may be helpful to other healthcare workers in building an institutional protocol optimized for their own COVID-19 situation. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1368837520302979 doi: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104861 id: cord-348614-im7qtr9k author: Yánez Benítez, Carlos title: International cooperation group of emergency surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-13 words: 3971.0 sentences: 212.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348614-im7qtr9k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348614-im7qtr9k.txt summary: These COVID-19 dedicated protocols addressed surgical team organization, operating room (OR) preparation, rational use of personal protective equipment (PPE), considerations on anesthesiology, and intraoperative management of emergency surgical pathology. Continuity performing their regular tasks was reported by 73 (54%) of the respondents, in contrast with the rest, whose newly assigned duties were to the emergency department COVID-19 triage (25%), the intensive care unit (ICU) activities (13%), or had to manage mechanically ventilated patients in the surgical ward (7%). About half (51%) of the respondents had not received training in the use of PPE for airborne infectious risk while performing emergency surgical procedures before the pandemic, and roughly over one-third (37%) had it during the studied period. This study provides an international snapshot of the level of adoption of the guidance for surgical team organization, adequacy of PPE availability and usage, OR preparation, anesthesiologic considerations, and intraoperative management of emergency surgical cases during 2 weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: PURPOSE: The COVID-19 pandemic has changed working conditions for emergency surgical teams around the world. International surgical societies have issued clinical recommendations to optimize surgical management. This international study aimed to assess the degree of emergency surgical teams’ adoption of recommendations during the pandemic. METHODS: Emergency surgical team members from over 30 countries were invited to answer an anonymous, prospective, online survey to assess team organization, PPE-related aspects, OR preparations, anesthesiologic considerations, and surgical management for emergency surgery during the pandemic. RESULTS: One-hundred-and-thirty-four questionnaires were returned (N = 134) from 26 countries, of which 88% were surgeons, 7% surgical trainees, 4% anesthetists. 81% of the respondents got involved with COVID-19 crisis management. Social media were used by 91% of the respondents to access the recommendations, and 66% used videoconference tools for team communication. 51% had not received PPE training before the pandemic, 73% reported equipment shortage, and 55% informed about re-use of N95/FPP2/3 respirators. Dedicated COVID operating areas were cited by 77% of the respondents, 44% had performed emergency surgical procedures on COVID-19 patients, and over half (52%), favored performing laparoscopic over open surgical procedures. CONCLUSION: Surgical team members have responded with leadership to the COVID-19 pandemic, with crisis management principles. Social media and videoconference have been used by the vast majority to access guidelines or to communicate during social distancing. The level of adoption of current recommendations is high for organizational aspects and surgical management, but not so for PPE training and availability, and anesthesiologic considerations. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00068-020-01521-y doi: 10.1007/s00068-020-01521-y id: cord-332815-1w1ikj7q author: Zhan, Mingkun title: Lesson Learned from China Regarding Use of Personal Protective Equipment date: 2020-08-11 words: 2481.0 sentences: 153.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332815-1w1ikj7q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332815-1w1ikj7q.txt summary: METHODS: Based on their prior experience with the 2003 SARS epidemic, health authorities in China recognized the need for personal protective equipment (PPE). Existing PPE and protocols were limited and reflected early experience with SARS; however, as additional PPE supplies became available, designated COVID-19 hospitals in Hubei Province adopted the World Health Organization guidelines for Ebola to create a protocol specific for treating patients with COVID-19. The paper focuses primarily on the use of PPE to help prevent transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to HCWs. The aim is to provide more detail regarding level-3 protection protocols used at designated COVID-19 hospitals in Hubei Province to prevent the spread of the virus to HCWs. The methods to protect HCWs, designated as level-3 protection in China, included a personal protection protocol for proper use of PPE with coveralls and procedures for changes to the flow of patients and personnel through the designated COVID-19 hospitals. abstract: BACKGROUND: In Wuhan, China, in December 2019, the novel coronavirus was detected. The virus causing COVID-19 was related to a coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). The virus caused an epidemic in China and was quickly contained in 2003. Although coming from the same family of viruses and sharing certain transmissibility factors, the local health institutions in China had no experience with this new virus, subsequently named SARS-CoV-2. METHODS: Based on their prior experience with the 2003 SARS epidemic, health authorities in China recognized the need for personal protective equipment (PPE). Existing PPE and protocols were limited and reflected early experience with SARS; however, as additional PPE supplies became available, designated COVID-19 hospitals in Hubei Province adopted the World Health Organization guidelines for Ebola to create a protocol specific for treating patients with COVID-19. RESULTS: This article describes the PPE and protocol for its safe and effective deployment and the implementation of designated hospital units for COVID-19 patients. To date, only two nurses working in China who contracted SARS-CoV-2 have died from COVID-19 in the early period of the epidemic (February 11 and 14, 2020). CONCLUSION: The lessons learned by health care workers in China are shared in the hope of preventing future occupational exposure. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2020.08.007 doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.08.007 id: cord-316126-j51dik7f author: Zhang, X. Sophie title: SARS-CoV-2 and Health Care Worker Protection in Low-Risk Settings: a Review of Modes of Transmission and a Novel Airborne Model Involving Inhalable Particles date: 2020-10-28 words: 12434.0 sentences: 576.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316126-j51dik7f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316126-j51dik7f.txt summary: title: SARS-CoV-2 and Health Care Worker Protection in Low-Risk Settings: a Review of Modes of Transmission and a Novel Airborne Model Involving Inhalable Particles Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been intense debate over SARS-CoV-2''s mode of transmission and appropriate personal protective equipment for health care workers in low-risk settings. This review attempts to summarize current cumulative data on SARS-CoV-2''s modes of transmission and identify gaps in research while offering preliminary answers to the question on everyone''s mind: is the airborne route significant and should we modify our COVID-19 PPE recommendations for frontline workers in low-risk settings? Given that substantial disagreement persists on the importance of natural aerosol generation by COVID-19 patients, and consequently, the necessary level of respiratory protection in non-AGP contexts, our review will focus on transmission and PPE in low-risk health care settings. abstract: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been intense debate over SARS-CoV-2’s mode of transmission and appropriate personal protective equipment for health care workers in low-risk settings. The objective of this review is to identify and appraise the available evidence (clinical trials and laboratory studies on masks and respirators, epidemiological studies, and air sampling studies), clarify key concepts and necessary conditions for airborne transmission, and shed light on knowledge gaps in the field. We find that, except for aerosol-generating procedures, the overall data in support of airborne transmission—taken in its traditional definition (long-distance and respirable aerosols)—are weak, based predominantly on indirect and experimental rather than clinical or epidemiological evidence. Consequently, we propose a revised and broader definition of “airborne,” going beyond the current droplet and aerosol dichotomy and involving short-range inhalable particles, supported by data targeting the nose as the main viral receptor site. This new model better explains clinical observations, especially in the context of close and prolonged contacts between health care workers and patients, and reconciles seemingly contradictory data in the SARS-CoV-2 literature. The model also carries important implications for personal protective equipment and environmental controls, such as ventilation, in health care settings. However, further studies, especially clinical trials, are needed to complete the picture. url: https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00184-20 doi: 10.1128/cmr.00184-20 id: cord-274477-jkjyh4cs author: Zhang, Zhiruo title: Protecting healthcare personnel from 2019-nCoV infection risks: lessons and suggestions date: 2020-03-23 words: 1468.0 sentences: 68.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274477-jkjyh4cs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274477-jkjyh4cs.txt summary: The outbreak of a novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19, caused by the 2019-nCoV infection) in December 2019 is one of the most severe public health emergencies since the founding of People''s Republic of China in 1949. Healthcare personnel (HCP) nationwide are facing heavy workloads and high risk of infection, especially those who care for patients at the epicenter of the outbreak, Hubei Province. Based on literature search and interviews with some HCP working at Wuhan, capital city of Hubei, we have summarized some of the effective measures taken to reduce infection among HCP, and also made suggestions for improving occupational safety during an infectious disease outbreak. The local outbreak of novel coronavirus epidemic (COVID-19, caused by the 2019-nCoV infection) in Wuhan, Hubei Province of China, last December has rapidly spread nationwide with a cumulative number of 80 026 laboratory-confirmed cases and 2912 deaths as of March 1, 2020 [1] . abstract: The outbreak of a novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19, caused by the 2019-nCoV infection) in December 2019 is one of the most severe public health emergencies since the founding of People’s Republic of China in 1949. Healthcare personnel (HCP) nationwide are facing heavy workloads and high risk of infection, especially those who care for patients at the epicenter of the outbreak, Hubei Province. Sadly, as of February 20, 2020, over two thousand COVID-19 cases are confirmed among HCP from 476 hospitals nationwide, with nearly 90% of them from Hubei Province. Based on literature search and interviews with some HCP working at Wuhan, capital city of Hubei, we have summarized some of the effective measures taken to reduce infection among HCP, and also made suggestions for improving occupational safety during an infectious disease outbreak. The experience and lessons learned should be a valuable asset for international health community to contain the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic around the world. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-020-0765-x doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0765-x id: cord-309956-topo2bc6 author: Zheng, Kenneth I. title: COVID-19 Cross-Infection and Pressured Ulceration Among Healthcare Workers: Are We Really Protected by Respirators? date: 2020-09-10 words: 1197.0 sentences: 68.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309956-topo2bc6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309956-topo2bc6.txt summary: The Occupational Safety and Health Administration respiratory protection regulations at 29 CFR 1910.134 mandated that HCWs be fit-tested and seal checked prior to the initial use of a respirator and whenever a different respirator face piece (size, style, model, or make) is used (4). While it is obvious that the use of respirators can cause discomfort and harm to HCWs, there is a need to evaluate adherence of protocol and to assess the risk of infection from skin lesions due to PPE. Nevertheless, it is recognized that HCWs in the current COVID-19 pandemic, through prolonged wearing of respirators, might be exposed to a higher risk of cross-infection and skin damage. It is necessary to improve the design of currently certified respirators in order to achieve better sealing capabilities and reduce pressure ulcerations. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.571493 doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.571493 id: cord-327595-00fxzyhq author: nan title: American Geriatrics Society (AGS) Policy Brief: COVID‐19 and Assisted Living Facilities date: 2020-05-14 words: 3214.0 sentences: 164.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327595-00fxzyhq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327595-00fxzyhq.txt summary: This policy brief sets forth the American Geriatrics Society''s (AGS''s) recommendations to guide federal, state, and local governments when making decisions about care for older adults in assisted living facilities (ALFs) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. ALFs, other congregate living settings (eg, NHs, residential care facilities for older adults, continuing care retirement communities), and home healthcare agencies (eg, Visiting Nurse Association) must be included as priorities when estimating what is needed for the US coordinated response to COVID-19. For older adults residing in ALFs and other congregate living settings, screening for COVID-19 will be particularly important for protecting the health and safety of their communities. This includes the ability to isolate or cohort the resident(s) separately from the rest of the community and provide dedicated staff to meet increased care needs for people with COVID-19. abstract: This policy brief sets forth the American Geriatrics Societyʼs (AGSʼs) recommendations to guide federal, state, and local governments when making decisions about care for older adults in assisted living facilities (ALFs) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. It focuses on the need for personal protective equipment, access to testing, public health support for infection control, and workforce training. The AGS continues to review guidance set forth in peer‐reviewed articles, as well as ongoing and updated guidance from the US Department of Health and Human Services, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and other key agencies. This brief is based on the situation and any federal guidance or actions as of April 15, 2020. Joining a separate AGS policy brief on COVID‐19 in nursing homes (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.16477), this brief is focused on ALFs, given that varied structure and staffing can impact their response to COVID‐19. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.16510 doi: 10.1111/jgs.16510 id: cord-319567-4t5t8bcx author: Şentürk, Mert title: Thoracic Anesthesia of Patients with Suspected or Confirmed 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection: Preliminary Recommendations for Airway Management by the EACTA Thoracic Subspecialty Committee date: 2020-04-11 words: 4325.0 sentences: 264.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319567-4t5t8bcx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319567-4t5t8bcx.txt summary: Recognizing the unique risks of intubation and mechanical ventilation in these high-risk groups and the high potential of infection risk to healthcare workers, several useful reports, algorithms and society endorsed recommendations have emerged in the recent literature regarding the general airway and anesthesia management of these patients. Anaesthesia Subspecialty group has considered these challenges and developed a preliminary set of expert recommendations regarding the airway management and ventilation of COVID-19 thoracic patients. The group has considered a broad spectrum of issues regarding thoracic anesthesia in COVID-19 patients and decided to focus on overall approaches to general and specific aspects of airway management, preparation for anaesthesia, lung isolation/separation and ventilation.  Tracheal intubation in COVID-19 patients for thoracic surgery is a high-risk procedure for the anesthesia team because of the risks of aerosol transmission of the infection during placement of the airway device and check bronchoscopy. abstract: Abstract The novel coronavirus has caused a pandemic around the world. Management of patients with suspected or confirmed coronavirus infection who have to undergo thoracic surgery will be a challenge for the anesthesiologists. infection who have to undergo thoracic surgery will be a challenge for the anesthesiologists. The thoracic subspecialty committee of European Association of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesiology (EACTA) has conducted a survey of opinion in order to create recommendations for the anesthetic approach to these challenging patients. It should be emphasized that both the management of the infected patient with COVID-19 and the self-protection of the anesthesia team constitute a complicated challenge. 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