cord-001199-9khx93c0	2014	
cord-006055-9kz6kvdm	2003	
cord-006100-zvb7bxix	2015	
cord-009583-ldkjqco6	2014	
cord-014922-pqy8bikp	2003	
cord-016197-y69wwy40	2005	
cord-017315-3mxkfvvu	2016	
cord-018026-n5gk1xhb	2008	
cord-021165-3gopftv1	2015	
cord-025506-yoav2b35	2020	
cord-029672-y2ii6r3u	2020	
cord-029887-bnxczi9t	2020	
cord-030909-6if3qquj	2020	Based on these points, it becomes clear that a green recovery plan with resources directed towards achieving the combined objective of both providing the necessary economic stimuli for recovery and also promoting the transition to a low-carbon economy and adaptation to climate change along with investment in natural capital and increase in comprehensive savings could be a feasible and efficient plan. The current global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions trajectory indicates that the world is likely to experience catastrophic consequences due to climate change, unless swift action is taken towards funding green solutions and the defunding of fossil fuel activities ( Given the ambition of the European Union to become a net zero-carbon economy by 2050 and the numerous calls to avoid the bailout and stimulus packages towards fossil fuel companies , we examine whether the features of the European Central Bank''s (ECB) €1350 billion Pandemic Emergency Purchase Programme (PEPP) encourages the resilience of the incumbent fossil fuel sector, or whether it promotes the growth of the emerging low-carbon energy sector during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.
cord-033219-uwzgbpeo	2020	
cord-034270-0fcac9aw	2020	
cord-117445-zu2mns82	2020	We also adopt alternative data sources for the COVID-19 tracking data, as provided by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (Fig. S5D) , alter the measures of a country''s effectiveness in containing the pandemic by calculating total confirmed cases instead of deaths (Fig. S5A) , examine per-capita death rates for each country (Fig. S5B) , and restrict the analysis to countries with a minimum number of COVID-19 policy documents (Fig. S6 ). Regressions considering the effects of COVID policy attention on total deaths for countries that published at least 25 policy documents in the prior 30 days. Regressions considering the effects of COVID policy attention on total deaths for countries that published at least 25 policy documents in the prior 30 days. Regressions considering the effects of COVID policy attention on total deaths for countries that published a minimum number of COVID policy documents in the prior 30 days.
cord-125089-1lfmqzmc	2020	
cord-129175-zkwxc9xy	2020	Our study suggests that a large number of COVID-19 deaths could have been prevented if the federal government had imposed stay-at-home orders or mask mandates that followed the leads taken by the different states. Our counterfactuals suggest that between 96,000 and 183,000 virus deaths could have been prevented if the federal government had enacted a federal mask mandate sometime between March 17 and April 17, 2020, on top of the stay-at-home and travel ban policies adopted by the different states. 4 These results provide an important policy lesson for future waves of the pandemic by highlighting that early 3 By matching death counts only, we estimate that the effective reproduction numbers of the virus in the different states during the Spring of 2020 must have been up to two-times higher than prevailing estimates that are based on infection cases, which are likely under-measured due to the large number of undetected infections and asymptomatic individuals.
cord-135406-ztgrxucb	2020	
cord-139947-nwnk220q	2020	
cord-212098-hc81jwzn	2020	
cord-255097-5nuhvs99	2020	
cord-258825-y1iu6hbc	2020	
cord-263672-iuo7ukaz	2020	
cord-274268-0ucqp3uz	2020	
cord-274456-rzrfkkci	2020	
cord-280652-wwtpkinj	2020	
cord-284893-qi6dkcb3	2006	
cord-285458-g6esbbrr	2020	
cord-287546-0x294f8t	2010	RESULTS: An optimal policy is derived for the control model using a linear NPI implementation cost. Additional studies investigate the effects of departures from the modeling assumptions, which include exponential terminal time and linear NPI implementation cost. Additional studies investigate the effects of departures from the modeling assumptions, which include exponential terminal time and linear NPI implementation cost. It measures the loss of productivity (persondays) due to implementing NPIs. To determine the value of c, the public health officials need to consider many factors, such as culture of the community, perceptions to death, consequences of pandemic and of Figure 1 expands the classic Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered (SIR) model to capture the mortality. Figure 3 shows the impact of optimal control on pandemic severity, peak, and total deaths, when NPIs are triggered at different initial states.
cord-290033-oaqqh21e	2020	
cord-300037-gtfx5cp4	2020	Here, we compile new data on 1,659 local, regional, and national anti-contagion policies recently deployed in the ongoing pandemic across localities in China, South Korea, Iran, Italy, France, and the United States (US). Our econometric approach accounts for di↵erences in the baseline growth rate of infections across locations due to di↵erences in demographics, socio-economic status, culture, or health systems across localities within a country; it accounts for systemic patterns in growth rates within countries unrelated to policy, such as the e↵ect of the work-week; it is robust to systematic under-surveillance; and it accounts for changes in procedures to diagnose positive cases (see Methods and Appendix Section 2). We estimate that since the beginning of our sample, on average, all anti-contagion policies combined have slowed the average daily growth rate of infections 0.166 per day (±0.015, p < 0.001) in China, 0.276 (±0.066, p < 0.001) in South Korea, 0.158 (±0.071, p < 0.05) in Italy, 0.292 (±0.037, p < 0.001) in Iran, 0.132 (±0.053, p < 0.05) in France and 0.044 (±0.059, p = 0.45) in the US.
cord-303385-2jjg8qw6	2020	
cord-311521-4calrk5l	2020	
cord-329534-deoyowto	2020	
cord-335330-d8qevnl5	2020	
cord-341616-ts98sfxx	2020	This qualitive study uses China''s Health Code policy under COVID-19 to explore why the public performs voice behavior on social media and how this influences policy evolution and product innovation through cooperative governance. What is more, as a form of public participation in cooperative governance, public voice plays a significant role in promoting policy evolution and product innovation, and represents a useful form of cooperation with governments and enterprises to jointly maintain social stability under public health emergencies This study adopts a dynamic research perspective, and takes the dynamic evolution of health codes policy as an example, focusing on exploring how public voice promoted the improvement of products by enterprises and the implementation of policies by the government under a public health emergency. As shown in Figure 1 , the dynamic mechanism of public voice behavior to promote policy implementation and evolution in public health emergencies is as follows: First, under the guidance of the government, enterprises participate in the development of policy and design products to assist policy implementation with advanced technologies.
cord-343822-k00ng5nl	2020	
cord-345662-vm5btiue	2020	Based on a study of South Africa''s budget processes, it is concluded that change will only occur when four separate pre-conditions converge, namely a rapidly growing environmental problem capable of leading to civil unrest, a supportive and recently developed policy framework, decreasing techno-economic costs for its solution, and strong political support from an effective ministry or minister. Although there are several publications on green financing within South Africa, such as its broader challenges and necessary design features [23] and the role that public financial intermediaries have already played in the country''s energy transition [24] , there have been no specific studies on how to mobilise and reorient government expenditure for sustainability transitions, and particularly the decarbonisation of its energy sector.
cord-347449-mey7e8gd	2020	
cord-352984-mzv9t7ex	2016	
cord-353827-o3vm1vdh	2020