# ent

id: cord-282526-b8tky324
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  EI Covid 19 Testing Initiative Neil Shearer Naomi Irish Chris Watkins Alex Durrant Suzanne Henderson Leah Catchpole Fiona Fraser Tom Barker Jose Carrasco Lopez Geoff Plumb Funded in part by UK Research and Innovation UKRI Biotechnology


id: cord-278428-44ozhdb7
type: ORG
entity:
  Determination of Blood Lactate Training Zone Boundaries With Rating of Perceived Exertion in Runners Rating


id: cord-278428-44ozhdb7
type: ORG
entity:
  Lower Limb Joint Position Analysis Application Based Production and Testing of a Core Sheath Fiber Strain Sensor for Wearable Electronics Feasibility Study of Using the Sensors in Measuring Tri Axial Trunk Motion


id: cord-307915-mmw5s981
type: ORG
entity:
  Attributes Integration of Pet in Daily Life Strategic Utilization and Forging New Connections Deriving Comfort


id: cord-307915-mmw5s981
type: ORG
entity:
  Camaraderie Advice for Future Users and Recommendations for Enhancing Ownership Experience Participants


id: cord-271679-94h6rcih
type: ORG
entity:
  The World Health Organization Performance Assessment Tool for Quality Improvement in Hospitals PATH An Analysis


id: cord-271679-94h6rcih
type: ORG
entity:
  Biosurveillance A Review and Update Mass Casualty Incidents Organizational and Triage Management Issues Koenig


id: cord-279935-asg71qtr
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  A Report of the Mary Horrigan Connors Center for Women s Health Gender Biology at Brigham and Women s Hospital Recognition of the fetal alcohol syndrome


id: cord-309327-eham6trt
type: ORG
entity:
  the Director Ethical Considerations for Decision making Regarding Allocation of Mechanical Ventilators


id: cord-309327-eham6trt
type: ORG
entity:
  influenza Joint Massachusetts Department of Public Health Harvard Altered Standards of Care Working Group


id: cord-309327-eham6trt
type: EVENT
entity:
  Ratification International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights Health as Liberation Medicine Theology


id: cord-307011-xmc10kv0
type: GGP
entity:
  Saldaña s 2016 approach to thematic analysis in order to develop codes from our data The process yielded seven themes that were consistent across the three open ended questions Table 2 shows the resulting themes our definition of the theme codes that were used in the development of the theme and exemplar comments that illustrate the themes In general the findings from Table 2 demonstrate the emergent process undertaken with data coding


id: cord-317566-6ch6na31
type: ORG
entity:
  ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines Management of febrile neutropaenia ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines Relative


id: cord-343145-ptkw0csu
type: ORG
entity:
  American College of Physicians American Society of Internal Medicine European Federation of Internal Medicine Medical


id: cord-318980-8cclwzob
type: ORG
entity:
  Control Programmes World Health Organization Personal Hygiene Principles of Food Sanitation Handwashing


id: cord-318980-8cclwzob
type: ORG
entity:
  Social Determinants in Health Promotion Research Center Hormozgan Health Institute Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences


id: cord-310145-wvu79t45
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Theme 3 Participants Perceived that the Intervention Procedures Supported Their Thriving with Self Care Brown 2019


id: cord-353421-m7utrn9g
type: ORG
entity:
  Productivity Integrated Benefits Institution Large Employers Health Care Strategy and Plan Design Survey Preventing


# bib

id: cord-004339-7nwpic3d
author: Rennie, Katherine J.
date: 2020-02-13
txt: ./txt/cord-004339-7nwpic3d.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-004339-7nwpic3d.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7020359/
doi: 10.1186/s13063-020-4081-1
summary:
  Secondly, consent to have the discussion about the NAIROS trial with the investigator audio-recorded and their details passed onto • Any prior septal surgery • Systemic inflammatory disease or the use of any current oral steroid treatment within the past 2 weeks • Granulomatosis with polyangiitis • Nasendoscopic evidence of unrelated associated pathology, e.g. adenoid pad, septal perforation, chronic rhinosinusitis indicated by the presence of polyposis or pus • Any history of intranasal recreational drug use within the past 6 months • Breast-feeding, pregnancy or intended pregnancy for the duration of involvement in the trial • Bleeding diathesis • Therapeutic anticoagulation (warfarin/novel oral anti-coagulant (NOAC) therapy) • Clinically significant contraindication to general anaesthesia • Patients known to be immuno-compromised • Those in whom an external bony deformity substantially contributes to the nasal obstruction a member of the qualitative team for a telephone interview.

title:
  Nasal Airway Obstruction Study (NAIROS): a phase III, open-label, mixed-methods, multicentre randomised controlled trial of septoplasty versus medical management of a septal deviation with nasal obstruction

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Septoplasty (surgery to straighten a deviation in the nasal septum) is a frequently performed operation worldwide, with approximately 250,000 performed annually in the US and 22,000 in the UK. Most septoplasties aim to improve diurnal and nocturnal nasal obstruction. The evidence base for septoplasty clinical effectiveness is hitherto very limited. AIMS: To establish, and inform guidance for, the best management strategy for individuals with nasal obstruction associated with a deviated septum. METHODS/DESIGN: A multicentre, mixed-methods, open label, randomised controlled trial of septoplasty versus medical management for adults with a deviated septum and a reduced nasal airway. Eligible patients will have septal deflection visible at nasendoscopy and a nasal symptom score ≥ 30 on the NOSE questionnaire. Surgical treatment comprises septoplasty with or without reduction of the inferior nasal turbinate on the anatomically wider side of the nose. Medical management comprises a nasal saline spray followed by a fluorinated steroid spray daily for six months. The recruitment target is 378 patients, recruited from up to 17 sites across Scotland, England and Wales. Randomisation will be on a 1:1 basis, stratified by gender and severity (NOSE score). Participants will be followed up for 12 months post randomisation. The primary outcome measure is the total SNOT-22 score at 6 months. Clinical and economic outcomes will be modelled against baseline severity (NOSE scale) to inform clinical decision-making. The study includes a recruitment enhancement process, and an economic evaluation. DISCUSSION: The NAIROS trial will evaluate the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of septoplasty versus medical management for adults with a deviated septum and symptoms of nasal blockage. Identifying those individuals most likely to benefit from surgery should enable more efficient and effective clinical decision-making, and avoid unnecessary operations where there is low likelihood of patient benefit. TRIAL REGISTRATION: EudraCT: 2017–000893-12, ISRCTN: 16168569. Registered on 24 March 2017.


id: cord-010840-xols477h
title: Critical Issues in Leadership Development for Peer Support Specialists
author: Jenkins, G. Trey
date: 2020-02-07
txt: ./txt/cord-010840-xols477h.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-010840-xols477h.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7222857/
doi: 10.1007/s10597-020-00569-9
summary:
  This paper is a qualitative analysis of perspectives on leadership development among working peer support specialists and highlights the challenges, needs and efficacy these individuals experience in their work settings. Seven themes emerged: managing dual relationships; having difficult conversations; push and pull of leadership; taking responsibility for others; taking responsibility for self-care; addressing stigma in the workplace, and, spirituality/a calling to help. A challenge will be the professional development and career advancement opportunities available to PSS workers that allow them to expand their role, including leadership, while not diminishing the value of lived experience of recovery (Cronise et al 2016) . A convenience sample comprised of six (6) PSS were recruited from a pool of thirteen (13) participants in a university-sponsored Peer Support Specialist leadership development program. These themes provide insight for the leadership development of PSS, along with implications for health care agency peer support program development.

abstract:
  This paper is a qualitative analysis of perspectives on leadership development among working peer support specialists and highlights the challenges, needs and efficacy these individuals experience in their work settings. Six participants engaged in a 2 h semi-structured focus group. Participants were guided through a series of nine questions regarding their transition to leadership, professional communication and relationships. Seven themes emerged: managing dual relationships; having difficult conversations; push and pull of leadership; taking responsibility for others; taking responsibility for self-care; addressing stigma in the workplace, and, spirituality/a calling to help. These professionals integrate their personal experiences of recovery into their direct care and leadership approaches in the workplace. This blending of recovery concepts and supervision approaches reflect some of the powerful elements that peer recovery specialists are uniquely qualified to lead in the healthcare workforce. These findings provide important implications for leadership development among this growing segment of the healthcare workforce.


id: cord-011241-2f73r2nv
title: Compassion Meditation for Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): a Nonrandomized Study
author: Lang, Ariel J.
date: 2017-12-22
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7223870/
doi: 10.1007/s12671-017-0866-z
abstract:
  Compassion meditation (CM) is a contemplative practice that is intended to cultivate the ability to extend and sustain compassion toward self and others. Although research documents the benefits of CM in healthy populations, its use in the context of psychopathology is largely unexamined. The purpose of this study was to refine and initially evaluate a CM protocol, Cognitively Based Compassion Training (CBCT®), for use with Veterans with PTSD. To this end, our research team developed and refined a manualized protocol, CBCT-Vet, over 4 sets of groups involving 36 Veterans. This protocol was delivered in 8–10 sessions, each lasting 90–120 min and led by a CBCT®-trained clinical psychologist. Quantitative and qualitative data were used to identify areas to be improved and to assess change that occurred during the treatment period. Based on pooled data from this series of groups, CM appears to be acceptable to Veterans with PTSD. Group participation was associated with reduced symptoms of PTSD (partial eta squared = .27) and depression (partial eta squared = .19), but causality should not be inferred given the nonrandomized design. No change was observed in additional outcomes, including positive emotion and social connectedness. The results of this open trial support additional exploration of CM as part of the recovery process for Veterans with PTSD.


id: cord-011501-o9hmzaxm
author: Kühnel, Martina B
date: 2020-04-29
txt: ./txt/cord-011501-o9hmzaxm.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-011501-o9hmzaxm.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7243077/
doi: 10.1177/0269216320911595
summary:
  A randomised controlled trial evaluating short-term existential behavioural therapy for informal caregivers of palliative patients Self-efficacy, scepticism of benefit of the intervention, belief of better coping alone and support by family and friends were significant factors in declining participation in the randomised controlled trial. Secondary outcomes were informal caregivers'' levels of anxiety, subjective distress and minor mental disorders, positive and negative affect, satisfaction with life, quality of life and direct health care costs. The interaction effect between the group (sEBT/control) and the time of investigation was not included in the main models as it was not significantly different from zero, except for psychological impairment. This randomised controlled trial studied the impact of sEBT on depression, anxiety, subjective distress, minor mental disorders, positive and negative affect, satisfaction with life, quality of life and direct health care costs. Caregivers who declined the intervention did not differ significantly from participants of the randomised controlled trial in outcomes at any assessment.

title:
  How short is too short? A randomised controlled trial evaluating short-term existential behavioural therapy for informal caregivers of palliative patients

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Informal caregivers of palliative patients show higher levels of depression and distress compared with the general population. Fegg’s (2013) existential behavioural therapy was shortened to two individual 1-h sessions (short-term existential behavioural therapy). AIM: Testing the effectiveness of sEBT on psychological symptoms of informal caregivers in comparison with active control. DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: Informal caregivers of palliative in-patients. METHODS: The primary outcome was depression; secondary outcomes were anxiety, subjective distress and minor mental disorders, positive and negative affect, satisfaction with life, quality of life and direct health care costs. General linear mixed models allow several measurements per participant and change over time. Reasons for declining the intervention were investigated by Rosenstock’s Health Belief Model. RESULTS: Overall inclusion rate was 41.0%. Data of 157 caregivers were available (63.1% females; mean age: 54.6 years, standard deviation (SD): 14.1); 127 participants were included in the main analysis. Participation in sEBT or active control was not significantly associated with post-treatment depression. Outcomes showed prevailingly significant association with time of investigation. Self-efficacy, scepticism of benefit of the intervention, belief of better coping alone and support by family and friends were significant factors in declining participation in the randomised controlled trial. CONCLUSION: Inclusion rate was tripled compared with a previously evaluated longer EBT group intervention. By shortening the intervention, inclusion rate was traded for effectiveness and the intervention could not impact caregivers’ psychological state. Early integration of sEBT and combination of individual and group setting and further study of the optimal length for caregiver interventions are suggested.


id: cord-013521-ec9rkxdn
title: Treatment of at-level spinal cord injury pain with botulinum toxin A
author: Chun, Audrey
date: 2019-09-18
txt: ./txt/cord-013521-ec9rkxdn.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-013521-ec9rkxdn.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6786298/
doi: 10.1038/s41394-019-0221-9
summary:
  METHODS: Participants were randomized to receive subcutaneous injections of either placebo or BoNTA with follow-up (office visit, telephone, or e-mail) at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks to assess the magnitude of pain relief post injection. Although our data did not meet statistical significance, we noted a higher proportion of participants reporting a marked change in average pain intensity from baseline to 8 and 12 weeks post-BoNTA vs. Participants were included if they reported chronic traumatic SCI (duration >6 months) and pain that has been: (1) present continuously for ≥1 month, (2) of at least moderate average intensity over the prior week (numeric pain rating scale [NPRS] score ≥ 4/10) and (3) diagnosed by an SCI provider as being at-level SCI pain with a high degree of certainty [14] . Participant H reported no pain reduction post-placebo, received BoNTA for P2 some months after 12-week follow-up for P1, then was lost to follow-up (Table 2) .

abstract:
  STUDY DESIGN: Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. OBJECTIVE: To explore whether botulinum toxin A (BoNTA) could be effective for treating at-level spinal cord injury (SCI) pain. SETTING: Outpatient SCI clinic, New York, USA. METHODS: Participants were randomized to receive subcutaneous injections of either placebo or BoNTA with follow-up (office visit, telephone, or e-mail) at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks to assess the magnitude of pain relief post injection. Crossover of participants was then performed. Those who received placebo received BoNTA, and vice versa, with follow-up at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. RESULTS: Eight participants completed at least one of the two crossover study arms. Four completed both arms. The median age of the eight participants was 45 years (range 32–61 years) and 75% were male. All had traumatic, T1-L3 level, complete SCI. Although our data did not meet statistical significance, we noted a higher proportion of participants reporting a marked change in average pain intensity from baseline to 8 and 12 weeks post-BoNTA vs. post-placebo (33% vs. 0%). At 2 and 4 weeks post-BoNTA, almost all participants reported some degree of reduced pain, while the same was not seen post-placebo (83% vs. 0%). CONCLUSION: The subcutaneous injection of BoNTA may be a feasible approach for the control of at-level SCI pain and is worthy of further study. SPONSORSHIP: The onabotulinumtoxinA (BOTOX) used in this study was provided by Allergan (Irvine, CA).


id: cord-025556-oyfx3ij5
title: Testing for COVID-19: willful ignorance or selfless behavior?
author: THUNSTRÖM, LINDA
date: 2020-05-08
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7256418/
doi: 10.1017/bpp.2020.15
abstract:
  Widespread testing is key to controlling the spread of COVID-19. But should we worry about self-selection bias in the testing? The recent literature on willful ignorance says we should – people often avoid health information. In the context of COVID-19, such willful ignorance can bias testing data. Furthermore, willful ignorance often arises when selfish wants conflict with social benefits, which might be particularly likely for potential ‘super-spreaders’ – people with many social interactions – given people who test positive are urged to self-isolate for two weeks. We design a survey in which participants (n = 897) choose whether to take a costless COVID-19 test. We find that 70% would take a test. Surprisingly, the people most likely to widely spread COVID-19 – the extraverts, others who meet more people in their daily lives and younger people – are the most willing to take a test. People's ability to financially or emotionally sustain self-isolation does not matter to their decision. We conclude that people are selfless in their decision to test for COVID-19. Our results are encouraging – they imply that COVOD-19 testing may succeed in targeting those who generate the largest social benefits from self-isolation if infected, which strengthens the case for widespread testing.


id: cord-025843-5gpasqtr
author: Wild, Karoline
date: 2020-05-09
txt: ./txt/cord-025843-5gpasqtr.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-025843-5gpasqtr.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7266461/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-49435-3_2
summary:
  title: Decentralized Cross-organizational Application Deployment Automation: An Approach for Generating Deployment Choreographies Based on Declarative Deployment Models Although most of them are not limited to a specific infrastructure and able to manage multi-cloud applications, they all require a central orchestrator that processes the deployment model and executes all necessary tasks to deploy and orchestrate the application components on the respective infrastructure. We introduce a global declarative deployment model that describes a composite cross-organizational application, which is split to local parts for each participant. Based on the split declarative deployment models, workflows are generated which form the deployment choreography and coordinate the local deployment and cross-organizational data exchange. For the deployment execution we use an hybrid approach: Based on the LDM a local deployment workflow model is generated in step four that orchestrates the local deployment and cross-organizational information exchange activities.

title:
  Decentralized Cross-organizational Application Deployment Automation: An Approach for Generating Deployment Choreographies Based on Declarative Deployment Models

abstract:
  Various technologies have been developed to automate the deployment of applications. Although most of them are not limited to a specific infrastructure and able to manage multi-cloud applications, they all require a central orchestrator that processes the deployment model and executes all necessary tasks to deploy and orchestrate the application components on the respective infrastructure. However, there are applications in which several organizations, such as different departments or even different companies, participate. Due to security concerns, organizations typically do not expose their internal APIs to the outside or leave control over application deployments to others. As a result, centralized deployment technologies are not suitable to deploy cross-organizational applications. In this paper, we present a concept for the decentralized cross-organizational application deployment automation. We introduce a global declarative deployment model that describes a composite cross-organizational application, which is split to local parts for each participant. Based on the split declarative deployment models, workflows are generated which form the deployment choreography and coordinate the local deployment and cross-organizational data exchange. To validate the practical feasibility, we prototypical implemented a standard-based end-to-end toolchain for the proposed method using TOSCA and BPEL.


id: cord-028517-85f1yfk5
title: Relationships Between Body Postures and Collaborative Learning States in an Augmented Reality Study
author: Radu, Iulian
date: 2020-06-10
txt: ./txt/cord-028517-85f1yfk5.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-028517-85f1yfk5.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7334735/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-52240-7_47
summary:
  In this paper we explore how Kinect body posture sensors can be used to detect group collaboration and learning, in the context of dyad pairs using augmented reality system. Using unsupervised machine learning methods on Kinect body posture sensor data, we contribute a set of dyad states associated with collaboration quality, attitudes toward physics and learning gains. Another study [12] , which studied Kinect dyad movements, found that body synchronization had no overall effect on any collaborative or learning measures, but found that learning gains were correlated with cycles of "cognition and action", where dyads alternated between reflecting in the activity and interacting with the system. Through these sensors we collected joint coordinates and gaze data from both participants, and calculated dyad posture metrics such as closeness between participants (which may signal how comfortable participants feel with each other), similarity between spine angles (which may indicate that participants mirror each other''s posture), orientation towards peers (which may indicate focus on discussion), forward lean (possibly indicating engagement with the task).

abstract:
  In this paper we explore how Kinect body posture sensors can be used to detect group collaboration and learning, in the context of dyad pairs using augmented reality system. We leverage data collected during a study (N = 60 dyads) where participant pairs learned about electromagnetism. Using unsupervised machine learning methods on Kinect body posture sensor data, we contribute a set of dyad states associated with collaboration quality, attitudes toward physics and learning gains.


id: cord-118214-jna34p8p
title: IVACS: Intelligent Voice Assistant for Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Self-Assessment
author: Dhakal, Parashar
date: 2020-09-06
txt: ./txt/cord-118214-jna34p8p.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-118214-jna34p8p.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.02673v1.pdf
doi: nan
summary:
  title: IVACS: Intelligent Voice Assistant for Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Self-Assessment We propose an intelligent voice-based assistant for COVID-19 self-assessment (IVACS). Other researchers worked on the development of a voice-based assistant using amazon Alexa to help medical first responders in the treatment process [11] . Our experiment''s main objective was to study the performance of the proposed IVACS and the participants individually and as a team for the self-assessment of COVID-19. In the process of experiment, different parameters such as errors committed by participants and IVACS, the number of interaction between IVACS and participants, the effect of IVACS on participant''s performance, and total testing time were measured. In this section, we also presented the CDC and WHO recommended protocol to follow in the self-assessment of COVID-19 based on which the IVACS decision logic was built.

abstract:
  At the time of writing this paper, the world has around eleven million cases of COVID-19, scientifically known as severe acute respiratory syndrome corona-virus 2 (SARS-COV-2). One of the popular critical steps various health organizations are advocating to prevent the spread of this contagious disease is self-assessment of symptoms. Multiple organizations have already pioneered mobile and web-based applications for self-assessment of COVID-19 to reduce this global pandemic's spread. We propose an intelligent voice-based assistant for COVID-19 self-assessment (IVACS). This interactive assistant has been built to diagnose the symptoms related to COVID-19 using the guidelines provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO). The empirical testing of the application has been performed with 22 human subjects, all volunteers, using the NASA Task Load Index (TLX), and subjects performance accuracy has been measured. The results indicate that the IVACS is beneficial to users. However, it still needs additional research and development to promote its widespread application.


id: cord-158160-dka81tqx
title: It's the Journey Not the Destination: Building Genetic Algorithms Practitioners Can Trust
author: Vincalek, Jakub
date: 2020-10-13
url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.06406v1.pdf
doi: nan
abstract:
  Genetic algorithms have been developed for decades by researchers in academia and perform well in engineering applications, yet their uptake in industry remains limited. In order to understand why this is the case, the opinions of users of engineering design tools were gathered. The results from a survey showing the attitudes of engineers and students with design experience with respect to optimisation algorithms are presented. A survey was designed to answer two research questions: To what extent is there a pre-existing sentiment (negative or positive) among students, engineers, and managers towards genetic algorithm-based design? and What are the requirements of practitioners with regards to design optimisation and the design optimisation process? A total of 23 participants (N = 23) took part in the 3-part mixed methods survey. Thematic analysis was conducted on the open-ended questions. A common thread throughout participants responses is that there is a question of trust towards genetic algorithms within industry. Perhaps surprising is that the key to gaining this trust is not producing good results, but creating algorithms which explain the process they take in reaching a result. Participants have expressed a desire to continue to remain in the design loop. This is at odds with the motivation of a portion of the genetic algorithms community of removing humans from the loop. It is clear we need to take a different approach to increase industrial uptake. Based on this, the following recommendations have been made to increase their use in industry: an increase of transparency and explainability of genetic algorithms, an increased focus on user experience, better communication between developers and engineers, and visualising algorithm behaviour.


id: cord-253138-b08f64lu
title: Ten simple rules for organizing a data science workshop
author: Ponsero, Alise
date: 2020-10-22
txt: ./txt/cord-253138-b08f64lu.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-253138-b08f64lu.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33090991/
doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008226
abstract: nan
summary:
  Here, we discuss the challenges of organizing participatory data science training and provide 10 simple rules to facilitate inclusive workshops. It is important for the instructors to establish a schedule for the development of training modules as well as provide time for testing new materials. We recognize a potential pitfall of developing modular training material (Rule 2) could be differences in presentation style, supporting documentation, and learning objectives. Connecting learning objectives from different training modules taught by different instructors requires a large effort in coordination and communication. It is critical to understand their expectations and evaluate their skill sets to ensure that the workshop material and active learning sessions meet the needs of participants [3] . All instructors must understand that adding any additional information outside the written material and learning objectives of a module may be of little value to participants.


id: cord-253556-p1y0zeo1
author: Rhodes, Scott D.
date: 2020-08-12
txt: ./txt/cord-253556-p1y0zeo1.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-253556-p1y0zeo1.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32818212/
doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-57507/v1
summary:
  Our community-based participatory research partnership collected and analyzed semi-structured interview data to understand the early impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on a sample of racially/ethnically diverse gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men living with HIV. Interventions are needed to ensure that PLWH have updated information and adhere to medication regimens, and to reduce the impact of COVID-19 on social isolation, economic stability, healthcare access, and other social determinants of health within this vulnerable population. Our long-standing community-based participatory research (CBPR) partnership sought to qualitatively explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic within a racially/ethnically diverse sample of GBMSM living with HIV. Another participant commented, "I am working out less to avoid public settings." (P9, White, 23 years old) However, some participants reported positive changes they had made in their health behaviors as a result of staying home and other adaptations related to COVID-19 prevention.

title:
  A rapid qualitative assessment of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on a racially/ethnically diverse sample of gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men living with HIV in the US South

abstract:
  Persons living with HIV (PLWH) may be at increased risk for severe COVID-19-related illness. Our community-based participatory research partnership collected and analyzed semi-structured interview data to understand the early impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on a sample of racially/ethnically diverse gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men living with HIV. Fifteen cisgender men participated; their mean age was 28. Six participants were Black/African American, five were Spanish-speaking Latinx, and four were White. Seventeen themes emerged that were categorized into six domains: knowledge and perceptions of COVID-19; COVID-19 information sources and perceptions of trustworthiness; impact of COVID-19 on behaviors, health, and social determinants of health; and general COVID-19-related concerns. Interventions are needed to ensure that PLWH have updated information and adhere to medication regimens, and to reduce the impact of COVID-19 on social isolation, economic stability, healthcare access, and other social determinants of health within this vulnerable population.


id: cord-256771-kweh1doo
author: Williams, Simon N
date: 2020-04-15
txt: ./txt/cord-256771-kweh1doo.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-256771-kweh1doo.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.10.20061267
doi: 10.1101/2020.04.10.20061267
summary:
  • Adherence to non-pharmaceutical interventions during pandemics is lower where people have low trust in government and where people perceive themselves at relatively low risk from the disease • There is a need for evidence on public perceptions and experiences of the psychological and social public experiences of COVID-19 related social distancing and isolation, and its relation to adherence. 10.20061267 doi: medRxiv preprint challenges for public health policymakers, including a lack of trust in government; [8] concerns over strains in family resources; [8] gaps and confusions in some areas of pandemic information communication; [9] and low adherence to voluntary social isolation and relatively low adherence to non-attendance at public gatherings. [10] Although there is existing research from past pandemics on its likely effects, [6] and new quantitative research is starting to emerge, [11] there is no published qualitative evidence on public perceptions and experiences of the psychological and social public experiences of COVID-19 related social distancing and social isolation, and its relation to adherence -a gap that the present study addresses.

title:
  Public perceptions and experiences of social distancing and social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic: A UK-based focus group study

abstract:
  OBJECTIVE: Explore the perceptions and experiences of the UK public of social distancing and social isolation measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN: Qualitative study comprising five focus groups carried out online during the early stages of the UK's social distancing and isolation measures (5-12 days post lockdown). SETTING: Online video-conferencing PARTICIPANTS: 27 participants, all UK residents aged 18 years and older, representing a range of gender, ethnic, age and occupational backgrounds. RESULTS: The social distancing and isolation associated with COVID-19 policy has had having substantial negative impacts on the mental health and wellbeing of the UK public within a short time of policy implementation. It has disproportionately negatively affected those in low-paid or precarious employment. Practical social and economic losses - the loss of (in-person) social interaction, loss of income and loss of structure and routine - led to psychological and emotional 'losses' - the loss of motivation, loss of meaning, and loss of self-worth. Participants reported high adherence to distancing and isolation guidelines but reported seeing or hearing of non-adherence in others. A central concern for participants was the uncertainty duration of the measures, and their ability to cope longer-term. Some participants felt they would have lingering concerns over social contact while others were eager to return to high levels of social activity. CONCLUSIONS: A rapid response is necessary in terms of public health programming to mitigate the mental health impacts of COVID-19 social distancing and isolation. Initial high levels of support for, and adherence to, social distancing and isolation is likely to wane over time, particularly where end dates are uncertain. Social distancing and isolation 'exit strategies' must account for the fact that, although some individuals will voluntarily or habitually continue to socially distance, others will seek high levels of social engagement as soon as possible.


id: cord-257464-cjdmqcck
author: Lázaro-Muñoz, Gabriel
date: 2020-10-03
url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41431-020-00738-0
doi: 10.1038/s41431-020-00738-0
title:
  Perceptions of best practices for return of results in an international survey of psychiatric genetics researchers

abstract:
  Many research sponsors and genetic researchers agree that some medically relevant genetic findings should be offered to participants. The scarcity of research specific to returning genetic results related to psychiatric disorders hinders the ability to develop ethically justified and empirically informed guidelines for responsible return of results for these conditions. We surveyed 407 psychiatric genetics researchers from 39 countries to examine their perceptions of challenges to returning individual results and views about best practices for the process of offering and returning results. Most researchers believed that disclosure of results should be delayed if a patient-participant is experiencing significant psychiatric symptoms. Respondents felt that there is little research on the impact of returning results to participants with psychiatric disorders and agreed that return of psychiatric genetics results to patient-participants may lead to discrimination by insurance companies or other third parties. Almost half of researchers believed results should be returned through a participant’s treating psychiatrist, but many felt that clinicians lack knowledge about how to manage genetic research results. Most researchers thought results should be disclosed by genetic counselors or medical geneticists and in person; however, almost half also supported disclosure via telemedicine. This is the first global survey to examine the perspectives of researchers with experience working with this patient population and with these conditions. Their perspectives can help inform the development of much-needed guidelines to promote responsible return of results related to psychiatric conditions to patients with psychiatric disorders.


id: cord-258223-8dhtwf03
title: The Next Pandemic: Supporting COVID-19 Frontline Doctors Through Film Discussion
author: Chow, Cristelle
date: 2020-09-05
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32889676/
doi: 10.1007/s10912-020-09662-2
abstract:
  This paper describes an innovative just-in-time health humanities programme to educate and provide support to COVID-19 frontline doctors-in-training. The programme incorporates small-group screening of the Netflix documentary, The Next Pandemic from the Explained series, followed by a one-hour facilitated discussion to explore themes surrounding the current pandemic and its impact on frontline doctors in a tertiary paediatric hospital in Singapore. Themes derived from the film included preparedness, blame, and the impact on healthcare workers and public, which were further discussed to include concerns regarding current local readiness levels given global connectivity, the need for international cooperation, and the effects of blame such as racism and prejudice. The association with culture; the current impact on healthcare workers, physician-patient relationships, and the public including the role of social media, the government and associated public reactions were also explored. These rich discussions demonstrate the pivotal role health humanities has in times of uncertainty such as an emerging infectious disease outbreak by providing timely pandemic education and supporting reflective learning.


id: cord-258915-lgee3ers
author: Liddle, Jennifer
date: 2020-07-31
txt: ./txt/cord-258915-lgee3ers.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-258915-lgee3ers.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32751898/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17155544
summary:
  In drawing together participants'' ideas about spaces, processes and mechanisms that might address these local challenges, we conclude the paper with implications that offer scope for further exploration and consideration in terms of how technology might support the operationalisation of local people''s ideas for improving face-to-face connections in age-friendly community settings. As described earlier, the interview data were coded to explore (a) opportunities to improve connections at a local level, i.e., factors that had the potential to impact negatively on people''s geographically proximate social relationships in terms of quality, quantity or satisfaction; and (b) participants'' engagement with technology in relation to their social lives generally. As described earlier, the interview data were coded to explore (a) opportunities to improve connections at a local level, i.e., factors that had the potential to impact negatively on people''s geographically proximate social relationships in terms of quality, quantity or satisfaction; and (b) participants'' engagement with technology in relation to their social lives generally.

title:
  Connecting at Local Level: Exploring Opportunities for Future Design of Technology to Support Social Connections in Age-friendly Communities

abstract:
  Social connectedness in later life is an important dimension of an age-friendly community, with associated implications for individual health and wellbeing. In contrast with prior efforts focusing on connections at a distance or online communities where the digital technology is the interface, we explore the design opportunities and role of technology for connectedness within a geographically local community context. We present findings from interviews with 22 older adults and a linked ideation workshop. Our analysis identified shared concerns and negative perceptions around local relationships, connections and characteristics of the geographical area. However, local connectedness through technology was largely absent from day-to-day life and even perceived as contributing to disconnection. By uncovering how older adults use and perceive technology in their social lives and combining these findings with their ideas for improving local connections, we highlight the need for thoughtful consideration of the role of technology in optimising social connections within communities. Our research highlights a need for design work to understand the specifics of the local context and reduce emphasis on technology as the interface between people. We introduce an amended definition—‘underpinned by a commitment to respect and social inclusion, an age-friendly community is engaged in a strategic and ongoing process to facilitate active ageing by optimising the community’s physical, social and digital environments and its supporting infrastructure’—to conceptualise our approach. We conclude by suggesting areas for future work in developing digitally connected age-friendly communities.


id: cord-264405-8v0o4krh
author: Gosliner, Wendi
date: 2020-06-23
txt: ./txt/cord-264405-8v0o4krh.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-264405-8v0o4krh.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061867
doi: 10.3390/nu12061867
summary:
  The Nutrition Policy Institute in partnership with University of California Cooperative Extension Advisors in three California counties received a rapid-response Opportunity Grant from the University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, to conduct a cross-sectional qualitative study to capture the experiences of SNAP (called CalFresh in California) participants during the benefit disruption. The guide asked about participants'' usual food routines, the level of support SNAP provides, how they understood and experienced receiving February''s SNAP benefit in January, whether the disruption in benefits impacted their family''s health or stress levels, whether the experience changed the way they think about SNAP, and what they recommend decision makers could do to better help them (Table 2) . Participants described challenges related to financial impacts of the disruption, because most reported spending their SNAP benefits earlier in the month and running out of money to buy food in February in a way that was different from usual.

title:
  Participants’ Experiences of the 2018–2019 Government Shutdown and Subsequent Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Benefit Disruption Can Inform Future Policy

abstract:
  The federal government shutdown from 22 December 2018 to 25 January 2019 created an unprecedented disruption in Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits. We conducted a cross-sectional qualitative study to begin to capture how the disruption affected food security and wellbeing among a small sample of California SNAP participants. We collected data from 26 low-income adults in four focus groups in four diverse California counties. We found that participants routinely struggle to secure an adequate and healthy diet in the context of high costs of living, the shutdown and benefit disruption added to participants’ stress and uncertainty and exacerbated food insecurity, and it diminished some participants’ faith in government. Participants reported that, while having additional benefits in January felt like a relief from typical end-of-month deprivation, the subsequent extended gap between benefit distributions and a lack of clarity about future benefits caused cascading effects as participants later had to divert money from other expenses to buy food and faced added uncertainty about future economic stability. Additionally, the shutdown highlighted challenges related to the availability, timing, and tone of communications between participants and SNAP agencies. Participants recommended that SNAP adjust benefit and eligibility levels to better address costs of living, improve customer service, and avoid future disruptions.


id: cord-266239-l0ulr2ep
author: Freeman, Shannon
date: 2020-08-07
txt: ./txt/cord-266239-l0ulr2ep.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-266239-l0ulr2ep.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32784651/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17165711
summary:
  Participants referenced younger family members as having introduced them to, and having taught them how to use, technologies such as digital devices, computers, and social networking sites. A particular gap in knowledge exists regarding the role of intergenerational elements in motivating older adults to learn how to use technology and associated ICTs. Across the globe, societies are aging rapidly due to increased life expectancy as a result of better health and social care, and lower birth rates [4] . The challenges to acquiring new technology skills and strategies for connecting with younger generations to overcome them suggest the importance of intergenerational influences on older adults'' understanding and use of technology, which must be further explored. Our study revealed findings similar to those noted above but for multiple digital technologies, which suggests a more universal and generalizable use of technologies among older adults to increase intergenerational family social interactions as a "digital gathering place".

title:
  Intergenerational Effects on the Impacts of Technology Use in Later Life: Insights from an International, Multi-Site Study

abstract:
  As the use of technology becomes further integrated into the daily lives of all persons, including older adults, it is important to investigate how the perceptions and use of technology intersect with intergenerational relationships. Based on the international multi-centered study Technology In Later Life (TILL), this paper emphasizes the perceptions of older adults and the interconnection between technology and intergenerational relationships are integral to social connectedness with others. Participants from rural and urban sites in Canada and the UK (n = 37) completed an online survey and attended a focus group. Descriptive and thematic analyses suggest that older adults are not technologically adverse and leverage intergenerational relationships with family and friends to adjust to new technologies and to remain connected to adult children and grandchildren, especially when there is high geographic separation between them. Participants referenced younger family members as having introduced them to, and having taught them how to use, technologies such as digital devices, computers, and social networking sites. The intergenerational support in the adoption of new technologies has important implications for helping older persons to remain independent and to age in place, in both age-friendly cities and in rural communities. The findings contribute to the growing literature in the fields of gerontology and gerontechnology on intergenerational influences and the impacts of technology use in later life and suggest the flexibility and willingness of older persons to adopt to new technologies as well as the value of intergenerational relationships for overcoming barriers to technology adoption.


id: cord-270750-1eehtxin
author: Rebmann, Terri
date: 2007-08-31
txt: ./txt/cord-270750-1eehtxin.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-270750-1eehtxin.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0196655306012363
doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2006.09.002
summary:
  Methods Focus groups were conducted at the APIC 2006 Conference to evaluate ICPs'' perceived needs related to disaster planning topics, products they feel are needed for education and reference materials, and lessons learned from past disasters. Other important topics on which ICPs need to be trained include surge capacity, employee health and safety, incident command system, educating responders and the public on disaster preparedness, addressing changing standards/recommendations, and partnering with public health. and there were outbreaks of diarrhea [in the shelters].'''' ''''When they set up these shelters, they really don''t have any idea about what they''re going to do for hundreds and hundreds of people [to accommodate] handwashing and [provide] restroom facilities.'''' Focus group participants listed some specific infection control issues that must be addressed in shelters, such as overcrowding, foodborne illness, lack of restroom facilities, inadequate environmental cleaning procedures and products, difficulty assessing disease outbreaks in shelters, inability to isolate potentially contagious patients, and too few hand hygiene supplies.

title:
  Disaster preparedness lessons learned and future directions for education: Results from focus groups conducted at the 2006 APIC Conference

abstract:
  Background Infection control professionals (ICP) who have experienced disaster response have not been assessed in terms of the lessons they have learned, gaps they perceive in disaster preparedness, and their perceived priorities for future emergency response training. Methods Focus groups were conducted at the APIC 2006 Conference to evaluate ICPs' perceived needs related to disaster planning topics, products they feel are needed for education and reference materials, and lessons learned from past disasters. Results ICPs' role in disaster preparedness and response is essential, even in noninfectious disease emergencies. Infection control issues in shelters, such as overcrowding, foodborne illness, lack of restroom facilities, inadequate environmental cleaning procedures and products, difficulty assessing disease outbreaks in shelters, inability to isolate potentially contagious patients, and too few hand hygiene supplies can contribute to secondary disease transmission. Other important topics on which ICPs need to be trained include surge capacity, employee health and safety, incident command system, educating responders and the public on disaster preparedness, addressing changing standards/recommendations, and partnering with public health. ICPs need quick reference materials, such as checklists, templates, tool kits, and algorithms to better equip them for disaster response. Conclusion Infection control must continue to partner with public health and other responding agencies to address gaps in disaster planning.


id: cord-271679-94h6rcih
title: Factors affecting hospital response in biological disasters: A qualitative study
author: Sharififar, Simintaj
date: 2020-03-16
url: https://doi.org/10.34171/mjiri.34.21
doi: 10.34171/mjiri.34.21
abstract:
  Background: The fatal pandemics of infectious diseases and the possibility of using microorganisms as biological weapons are both rising worldwide. Hospitals are vital organizations in response to biological disasters and have a crucial role in the treatment of patients. Despite the advances in studies about hospital planning and performance during crises, there are no internationally accepted standards for hospital preparedness and disaster response. Thus, this study was designed to explain the effective factors in hospital performance during biological disasters. Methods: Qualitative content analysis with conventional approach was used in the present study. The setting was Ministry of Health and related hospitals, and other relevant ministries responsible at the time of biologic events in Islamic Republic of Iran (IR of Iran) in 2018. Participants were experts, experienced individuals providing service in the field of biological disaster planning and response, policymakers in the Ministry of Health, and other related organizations and authorities responsible for the accreditation of hospitals in IR of Iran. Data were collected using 12 semi-structured interviews in Persian language. Analysis was performed according to Graneheim method. Results: After analyzing 12 interviews, extraction resulted in 76 common codes, 28 subcategories, and 8 categories, which are as follow: detection; treatment and infection control; coordination, Resources; training and exercises; communication and information system; construction; and planning and assessment. Conclusion: Hospital management in outbreaks of infectious diseases (intentional or unintentional) is complex and requires different actions than during natural disasters. In such disasters, readiness to respond and appropriate action is a multifaceted operation. In IR of Iran, there have been few researches in the field of hospital preparation in biologic events, and the possibility of standardized assessment has be reduced due to lack of key skills in confronting biological events. It is hoped that the aggregated factors in the 8 groups of this study can evaluate hospital performance more coherently.


id: cord-278428-44ozhdb7
title: Fatigue Monitoring in Running Using Flexible Textile Wearable Sensors
author: Gholami, Mohsen
date: 2020-09-29
txt: ./txt/cord-278428-44ozhdb7.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-278428-44ozhdb7.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33003316/
doi: 10.3390/s20195573
summary:
  This study uses flexible textile strain sensors to continuously monitor the kinematics during running and uses a machine learning approach to estimate the level of fatigue during running. This study highlights the potential of flexible textile strain sensors to objectively estimate the level of fatigue during running by detecting slight perturbations in lower extremity kinematics. Our aim was to estimate the level of fatigue (measured by Borg''s RPE scale) during the course of a prolonged run based on the lower extremity kinematic information Sensors 2020, 20, 5573 3 of 11 provided by the flexible textile strain sensors. To better understand how changes in kinematics at different joints contribute to the overall estimation of fatigue, features from the sensors on the hip, knee, and ankle were individually fed into a random forest machine learning algorithm.

abstract:
  Fatigue is a multifunctional and complex phenomenon that affects how individuals perform an activity. Fatigue during running causes changes in normal gait parameters and increases the risk of injury. To address this problem, wearable sensors have been proposed as an unobtrusive and portable system to measure changes in human movement as a result of fatigue. Recently, a category of wearable devices that has gained attention is flexible textile strain sensors because of their ability to be woven into garments to measure kinematics. This study uses flexible textile strain sensors to continuously monitor the kinematics during running and uses a machine learning approach to estimate the level of fatigue during running. Five female participants used the sensor-instrumented garment while running to a state of fatigue. In addition to the kinematic data from the flexible textile strain sensors, the perceived level of exertion was monitored for each participant as an indication of their actual fatigue level. A stacked random forest machine learning model was used to estimate the perceived exertion levels from the kinematic data. The machine learning algorithm obtained a root mean squared value of 0.06 and a coefficient of determination of 0.96 in participant-specific scenarios. This study highlights the potential of flexible textile strain sensors to objectively estimate the level of fatigue during running by detecting slight perturbations in lower extremity kinematics. Future iterations of this technology may lead to real-time biofeedback applications that could reduce the risk of running-related overuse injuries.


id: cord-279935-asg71qtr
author: Beasley, Lana O.
date: 2020-10-28
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33134976/
doi: 10.1007/s42844-020-00019-1
title:
  Best Practices for Engaging Pregnant and Postpartum Women at Risk of Substance Use in Longitudinal Research Studies: a Qualitative Examination of Participant Preferences

abstract:
  There are significant barriers in engaging pregnant and postpartum women that are considered high-risk (e.g., those experiencing substance use and/or substance use disorders (SUD)) into longitudinal research studies. To improve recruitment and retention of this population in studies spanning from the prenatal period to middle childhood, it is imperative to determine ways to improve key research engagement factors. The current manuscript uses a qualitative approach to determine important factors related to recruiting, enrolling, and retaining high-risk pregnant and postpartum women. The current sample included 41 high-risk women who participated in focus groups or individual interviews. All interviews were analyzed to identify broad themes related to engaging high-risk pregnant and parenting women in a 10-year longitudinal research project. Themes were organized into key engagement factors related to the following: (1) recruitment strategies, (2) enrollment, and (3) retention of high-risk pregnant and parenting women in longitudinal research studies. Results indicated recruitment strategies related to ideal recruitment locations, material, and who should share research study information with high-risk participants. Related to enrollment, key areas disclosed focused on enrollment decision-making, factors that create interest in joining a research project, and barriers to joining a longitudinal research study. With regard to retention, themes focused on supports needed to stay in research, barriers to staying in research, and best ways to stay in contact with high-risk participants. Overall, the current qualitative data provide preliminary data that enhance the understanding of a continuum of factors that impact engagement of high-risk pregnant and postpartum women in longitudinal research with current results indicating the need to prioritize recruitment, enrollment, and retention strategies in order to effectively engage vulnerable populations in research.


id: cord-280449-7tfvmwyi
title: Perceptions of an evidence-based empathy mobile app in post-secondary education
author: Hoplock, Lisa B.
date: 2020-08-25
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10311-3
doi: 10.1007/s10639-020-10311-3
abstract:
  Cognitive empathy (also known as perspective-taking) is an important, teachable, skill. As part of a knowledge translation project, we identified a) interest in an evidence-based cognitive empathy mobile app and b) which faculties believe that cognitive empathy is important for their profession. Students (n = 638) and instructors/professors (n = 38) completed a university-wide survey. Participants in Education, Social Work, and the Health Sciences were among those most interested in the app. The majority of participants said that they would prefer for the app to be free or less than $3 for students. Most participants preferred a one-time payment option. Across 17 faculties, all but one had 60% or more of its sampled members say that cognitive empathy is important for their profession. Results illuminate perceptions of cognitive empathy instruction and technology. Results also provide insight into issues to consider when developing and implementing an educational communication app.


id: cord-281344-iswbgqqe
title: Perioperative telemonitoring of older adults with cancer: Can we connect them all?
author: Jonker, Leonie T.
date: 2020-09-04
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1879406820304227
doi: 10.1016/j.jgo.2020.08.008
abstract:
  OBJECTIVES: Although the increasing cancer incidence in older patients is widely recognised, older patients remain underrepresented in clinical cancer trials and eHealth studies. The aim of this research is to identify technological and patient-related barriers to inclusion of this population in a clinical eHealth study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort study with older patients (≥ 65 years) undergoing cancer-related surgery, who were identified for a perioperative telemonitoring study. Reasons for ineligibility and refusal had been prospectively registered. Characteristics and postoperative outcomes were compared between participants and non-participants. RESULTS: Between May 2018 and March 2020, 151 patients were assessed for eligibility, resulting in 65 participants and 86 non-participants. The main reason for ineligibility was lack of internet access at home (n = 16), while main reasons for refusal were perceived high mental burden (n = 46) and insufficient digital skills (n = 12). Compared with participants, non-participants were significantly older (mean age 75 vs. 73, p = 0.01); more often female (64% vs. 35%, p = 0.00), unmarried (42% vs. 8%, p = 0.01) living alone (38% vs. 19%, p = 0.02); had a higher ASA classification (43% vs. 19%, p = 0.00); often had polypharmacy (67% vs. 43%, p = 0.00); and were more often discharged to skilled nursing facilities (0% vs. 15%, p = 0.00). CONCLUSION: Our results confirm the underrepresentation of older female patients with little support from a partner and higher comorbidity. We should be aware of technological and patient-related barriers to including older adults with cancer, in order to avoid further dividing patients with low and high digital health literacy.


id: cord-282526-b8tky324
title: Norwich COVID-19 Testing Initiative: feasibility project evaluation
author: Berger Gillam, T.
date: 2020-09-23
txt: ./txt/cord-282526-b8tky324.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-282526-b8tky324.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.22.20199455v1?rss=1
doi: 10.1101/2020.09.22.20199455
summary:
  This study aimed to pilot mass COVID-19 testing on a university research park, to assess the feasibility and acceptability of scaling up to all staff and students. The study offered four COVID-19 PCR swabs to all staff and students on the site over a twoweek period, with the aim of piloting communications, logistics and laboratory processes, and assessing participant acceptability in preparation for larger-scale testing. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.22.20199455 doi: medRxiv preprint 3 After the completion of the feasibility project, participants who had returned at least one swab were emailed a link to complete a short online participant feedback questionnaire, including questions on demographics and their experience of the project. A strength of this study is that it trialled the feasibility of repeat testing for COVID-19 in a relatively large, asymptomatic population within a research park and university campus.

abstract:
  Background There is a high prevalence of COVID-19 in university-age students, who are returning to university campuses. There is little evidence regarding the feasibility of universal, asymptomatic testing to control outbreaks in this population. This study aimed to pilot mass COVID-19 testing on a university research park, to assess the feasibility and acceptability of scaling up to all staff and students. Methods This was a cross-sectional feasibility study on a university research park in the East of England. Staff and students (5,625) on the research park were eligible to participate. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing was offered to all participants. Participants were offered 4 swabs, which they self-administered over a two-week period. Outcome measures included: uptake; drop-out rate; positivity rates; participant acceptability measures; laboratory processing measures. Results 798/1053 (76%) of those who registered provided at least one swab and of these, 687 (86%) provided all four. 681/687 (99%) had all negative results. 6 participants had one inconclusive result. There were no positive results. 458/798 (57%) participants responded to a post-testing questionnaire. 446/458 (97.5%) of those who responded agreed that they would be interested in repeat testing in the future. Conclusions Repeated self-testing is feasible and acceptable to a university population.


id: cord-289763-jek2pd31
title: Attitudes Toward a Potential SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine: A Survey of U.S. Adults
author: Fisher, Kimberly A.
date: 2020-09-04
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32886525/
doi: 10.7326/m20-3569
abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly instigated a global pandemic. Vaccine development is proceeding at an unprecedented pace. Once available, it will be important to maximize vaccine uptake and coverage. OBJECTIVE: To assess intent to be vaccinated against COVID-19 among a representative sample of adults in the United States and identify predictors of and reasons for vaccine hesitancy. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey, fielded from 16 through 20 April 2020. SETTING: Representative sample of adults residing in the United States. PARTICIPANTS: Approximately 1000 adults drawn from the AmeriSpeak probability-based research panel, covering approximately 97% of the U.S. household population. MEASUREMENTS: Intent to be vaccinated against COVID-19 was measured with the question, “When a vaccine for the coronavirus becomes available, will you get vaccinated?” Response options were “yes,” “no,” and “not sure.” Participants who responded “no” or “not sure” were asked to provide a reason. RESULTS: A total of 991 AmeriSpeak panel members responded. Overall, 57.6% of participants (n = 571) intended to be vaccinated, 31.6% (n = 313) were not sure, and 10.8% (n = 107) did not intend to be vaccinated. Factors independently associated with vaccine hesitancy (a response of “no” or “not sure”) included younger age, Black race, lower educational attainment, and not having received the influenza vaccine in the prior year. Reasons for vaccine hesitancy included vaccine-specific concerns, a need for more information, antivaccine attitudes or beliefs, and a lack of trust. LIMITATIONS: Participants' intent to be vaccinated was explored before a vaccine was available and when the pandemic was affecting a narrower swath of the United States. Questions about specific information or factors that might increase vaccination acceptance were not included. The survey response rate was 16.1%. CONCLUSION: This national survey, conducted during the coronavirus pandemic, revealed that approximately 3 in 10 adults were not sure they would accept vaccination and 1 in 10 did not intend to be vaccinated against COVID-19. Targeted and multipronged efforts will be needed to increase acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine when one becomes available. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.


id: cord-307011-xmc10kv0
title: Why we march! Feminist activism in critical times: Lessons from the women''s march on Washington
author: Martin, Jennifer L.
date: 2020-05-11
txt: ./txt/cord-307011-xmc10kv0.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-307011-xmc10kv0.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0277539520300170
doi: 10.1016/j.wsif.2020.102375
summary:
  The largest response level in this figure was again for concerns about equal pay as a reason to march (93% indicated this area as a reason), yet an even smaller portion of these participants identified this issue as their greatest concern in the 2016 election (1.8%). J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f As shown in Figure 2 , the largest portion of participants identified issues other than gender as the strongest reason they marched, and this area was the second highest category identified as the strongest concern of the 2016 election. Every participant who identified issues other than gender as the strongest reason they marched indicated social class in their responses (100%), but, again, only a small portion of those who indicated this area as their strongest concern about the election did so (6.2%).

abstract:
  Abstract As professors, we have witnessed, anecdotally, a shift in doing social justice advocacy teaching. We have witnessed within some of our classrooms a more empowered hostility and intolerance to conversations pertaining to social justice. We agree that this phenomenon is pedagogical because this language usage not only teaches, but also legitimizes hate speech. We have witnessed the illogical extension of this hate speech with an increase in hate crimes across the country since the 2016 election, Without peaceful protest and grassroots feminist activism, we fear that this speech, this pedagogy, will spread even more violent forms of hate. This research was conducted in and around the first Women's March of 2017. We wanted to know: What were marchers' prior histories of political activism prior to the election? If this was their first time participating in such a manner, how did the election and its early political fallout inspire marchers to attend? 2) What plans did marchers have for political activism after the march? 3) What can be learned from these participants about the current state of political activism in our current era? A total of 788 individuals had taken part in the online survey. Among the participants, 45% marched on Washington, and 55% participated in the march in their local cities. We found that issues of gender equality were of great concern to many of the marchers. In particular, issues related to economic and social equity, including salary. These findings are interesting as they speak to the broader implications of gender equality. And, as the past few years have demonstrated, these issues continue to be of concern.


id: cord-307187-5blsjicu
author: Missel, Malene
date: 2020-11-11
txt: ./txt/cord-307187-5blsjicu.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-307187-5blsjicu.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-020-05904-0
doi: 10.1186/s12913-020-05904-0
summary:
  title: A stoic and altruistic orientation towards their work: a qualitative study of healthcare professionals'' experiences of awaiting a COVID-19 test result The purpose of this study was to explore healthcare professionals'' experiences of awaiting a test result for a potential COVID-19 infection. RESULTS: The participating healthcare professionals'' experiences of awaiting a COVID-19 test result were found to be associated with a stoic and altruistic orientation towards their work. Therefore, this study aim to shed light on HCPs'' experiences of awaiting a test result for a potential COVID-19 infection through individual interviews. The comprehensive understanding illuminated the meaning of the participants'' experiences of awaiting a COVID-19 test result as a stoic and altruistic orientation towards their work.

title:
  A stoic and altruistic orientation towards their work: a qualitative study of healthcare professionals’ experiences of awaiting a COVID-19 test result

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Extensive measures to reduce person-to-person transmission of COVID-19 are required to control the current outbreak. Special attention is directed at healthcare professionals as reducing the risk of infection in healthcare is essential. The purpose of this study was to explore healthcare professionals’ experiences of awaiting a test result for a potential COVID-19 infection. METHODS: Qualitative interviews with 15 healthcare professionals were performed, underpinned by a phenomenological hermeneutical analytical framework. RESULTS: The participating healthcare professionals’ experiences of awaiting a COVID-19 test result were found to be associated with a stoic and altruistic orientation towards their work. These healthcare professionals presented a strong professional identity overriding most concerns about their own health. The result of the coronavirus test was a decisive parameter for whether healthcare professionals could return to work. The healthcare professionals were aware that their family and friends were having a hard time knowing that the COVID-19 infection risk was part of their jobs. This concern did not, however, cause the healthcare professionals to falter in their belief that they were doing the right thing by focusing on their core area. The threat to own health ran through the minds of the healthcare professionals occasionally, which makes access to testing particularly important. CONCLUSION: The participating healthcare professionals had a strong professional identity. However, a discrepancy between an altruistic role as a healthcare professional and the expectations that come from the community was illuminated. A mental health coronavirus hotline for healthcare professionals is suggested.


id: cord-307915-mmw5s981
title: Robotic Pet Use Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults
author: Hudson, Janella
date: 2020-08-13
url: https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaa119
doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa119
abstract:
  OBJECTIVE: The primary purpose of this study was to explore the efficacy of robotic pets in alleviating loneliness for older adults. METHOD: Self-reported lonely individuals with AARP Medicare Supplement plans insured by UnitedHealthcare who participated in a program with a robotic pet (n = 20) were recruited to participate in semi-structured interviews. Participants were asked to provide feedback about their experiences interacting with a robotic pet, their perceptions about the potential impact on loneliness, and recommendations for improving the program. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Participants’ responses were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Constant comparison and consensus-gaining processes were used to develop categories that later formed representative themes. RESULTS: Seven themes emerged from analysis: Openness to Adoption of Robotic Pet, Reactions to Pet and its Attributes, Integration of Pet in Daily Life, Strategic Utilization and Forging New Connections, Deriving Comfort and Camaraderie, Advice for Future Users, and Recommendations for Enhancing Ownership Experience. Participants living alone, with fewer social connections and less active lifestyles, derived the most benefit from interacting with their pets. Common responses to pets included cuddling, petting, grooming, and sleeping with them. Some shared or loaned their pets, while others refused to loan their pets to interested peers. Most reported showing their pets to others, which helped some facilitate communication and social connections. CONCLUSION: Robotic pets may be an effective solution for alleviating loneliness in older adults, especially among those who live alone, have fewer social connections, and live less active lifestyles.


id: cord-309327-eham6trt
author: Lor, Aun
date: 2016-05-17
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27801360/
doi: 10.15171/ijhpm.2016.55
title:
  Key Ethical Issues Discussed at CDC-Sponsored International, Regional Meetings to Explore Cultural Perspectives and Contexts on Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and Response

abstract:
  Background: Recognizing the importance of having a broad exploration of how cultural perspectives may shape thinking about ethical considerations, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) funded four regional meetings in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Eastern Mediterranean to explore these perspectives relevant to pandemic influenza preparedness and response. The meetings were attended by 168 health professionals, scientists, academics, ethicists, religious leaders, and other community members representing 40 countries in these regions. Methods: We reviewed the meeting reports, notes and stories and mapped outcomes to the key ethical challenges for pandemic influenza response described in the World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) guidance, Ethical Considerations in Developing a Public Health Response to Pandemic Influenza: transparency and public engagement, allocation of resources, social distancing, obligations to and of healthcare workers, and international collaboration. Results: The important role of transparency and public engagement were widely accepted among participants. However, there was general agreement that no "one size fits all" approach to allocating resources can address the variety of economic, cultural and other contextual factors that must be taken into account. The importance of social distancing as a tool to limit disease transmission was also recognized, but the difficulties associated with this measure were acknowledged. There was agreement that healthcare workers often have competing obligations and that government has a responsibility to assist healthcare workers in doing their job by providing appropriate training and equipment. Finally, there was agreement about the importance of international collaboration for combating global health threats. Conclusion: Although some cultural differences in the values that frame pandemic preparedness and response efforts were observed, participants generally agreed on the key ethical principles discussed in the WHO’s guidance. Most significantly the input gathered from these regional meetings pointed to the important role that procedural ethics can play in bringing people and countries together to respond to the shared health threat posed by a pandemic influenza despite the existence of cultural differences.


id: cord-310145-wvu79t45
author: Daly, Bradford D.
date: 2020-10-23
txt: ./txt/cord-310145-wvu79t45.txt
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extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40688-020-00328-3
doi: 10.1007/s40688-020-00328-3
summary:
  Lewis and King (2019) described efforts to integrate a self-care unit into social work students'' field experiences, and provided qualitative evidence attesting to the benefits to students, providing a potential model for school psychology training programs to use. Therefore, this study was designed to provide an in depth understanding of the self-care practices of two cohorts of graduate students following a sustained semester-long intervention to integrate self-care into the school psychology training curriculum through a systematic case study inquiry. This approach was selected as the major goals included understanding how participants appraised and planned self-care strategies to cope, how participants adjusted these plans over the course of the semester, and how the participants evaluated the intervention and plan as being effective in helping them meet the stressors experienced during graduate school.

title:
  A Case Study Exploration into the Benefits of Teaching Self-Care to School Psychology Graduate Students

abstract:
  It has long been established that school psychology practitioners experience high levels of burnout. As a means of preventing burnout among future practitioners, school psychology training programs are frequently encouraged to teach and model self-care to students. This is particularly important as the current generation of graduate students experience high levels of anxiety and depression, but there have been very few examples in the research literature of how training programs should teach self-care and whether it is actually effective. The current study presents results from an exploratory case study, which integrated self-care instruction into graduate school psychology curriculum with a small sample (N = 22) of first-year school psychology students across two separate cohorts. Students created written plans with self-care strategies that they attempted to implement over the course of their first semester in graduate school. A qualitative review of their plans and written reflections revealed that students described many sources of stress upon entry into training, and most needed to revise their strategies for coping as stresses changed during the semester. Overall, student reflections revealed that the self-care activities were helpful to meet the demands of their graduate education.


id: cord-312678-81gnmxbk
author: Elayeh, Eman
date: 2020-10-15
txt: ./txt/cord-312678-81gnmxbk.txt
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extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240780
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240780
summary:
  Our research group initiated a study to ascertain the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of Jordanians toward COVID-19 prior to any initial case report in Jordan. Therefore, the initial aim of this study was to evaluate the overall knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of Jordanian citizens to the ongoing international situation regarding the emergence and pandemic nature of COVID-19. where N is the sample size, Zα: type one error = 1.96 when α = 5%; Zβ: type two error = 1.28 when β = 10%; Q = 1-P: expected non-prevalence; P = proportion in the population possessing the characteristic of interest (based on the estimate that 50% of the respondents knew general information about COVID-19, its routes of transmission and the main preventative measures), d = one-half of the desired interval of confidence, in this study d = 5%.

title:
  Before and after case reporting: A comparison of the knowledge, attitude and practices of the Jordanian population towards COVID-19

abstract:
  Coronavirus disease- 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging contagious infectious disease. It is pandemic and has affected more than 21 million people and resulted in more than 750,000 deaths worldwide (https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/#countries; 14/08/20). Our research group initiated a study to ascertain the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of Jordanians toward COVID-19 prior to any initial case report in Jordan. This project was underway when the first Jordanian case was reported. We extended our study to identify how case reporting would alter public KAP towards COVID-19. This cross-sectional study randomly selected and recruited 2104 Jordanian adults. A four-section questionnaire was devised to address the sociodemographic characteristics of the subjects and their KAP toward COVID-19. The mean knowledge score for the study population was 15.9 ± 2.2 (out of the 20 knowledge questions), with 60.9% of the participants having good knowledge about COVID-19. Participants’ practices to prevent transmission of COVID-19 were adequate in more than 60% of participants. Most participants had positive attitudes regarding their role in preventing COVID-19 and many of the participants’ attitudes and practices changed to more appropriate ones after reporting the first case of COVID-19 in Jordan. The percentage of participants who trust the government in confronting COVID-19 increased significantly (p value < 0.001). However, one alarming and unexpected finding was that the prevention practice score of participants working in the medical field was similar to those from the general population. This may necessitate stricter training and guidelines for this group who will be in the frontline in combating the disease. Impact of this study: The data generated from this study shows that when cases of disease were reported, the public’s attitudes and practices improved in many aspects, and that confidence in the government to contain the disease was boosted. We believe that this study is important in allowing other, international governments to develop an understanding of public KAP during pandemic disease outbreaks.


id: cord-313218-4rbxdimf
author: Narushima, Miya
date: 2020-09-09
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0890406520300451
doi: 10.1016/j.jaging.2020.100875
title:
  “Fiercely independent”: Experiences of aging in the right place of older women living alone with physical limitations

abstract:
  This study explores the experience of aging among older Canadian women with physical limitations who live by themselves. While aging in place has been a policy priority in rapidly greying Canada, a lack of complementary public supports poses challenges for many older adults and their family members. Employing a qualitative methodology, and drawing from the notion of aging in the right place, we collected personal narratives of 12 women (aged 65 to 92) in two geographic areas in Ontario, including residents of regular houses, apartments, condominiums, assisted living and community housing for seniors. Through thematic analysis, we identified four overarching themes: 1) striving to continue on “at home”, 2) living as a “strong independent woman”, 3) the help needed to support their “independence”, and 4) social activities to maintain self. Our findings illustrate how, despite their mobility limitations, older women can change their residential environment and their behavior by deploying the coping strategies and resources they have developed over time. However, we also found that older women are largely silent about their needs, and that experiences varied depending on life histories, health conditions, and the availability of supports in their wider environment (home care, alternative housing options, accessible transportation, opportunities for social and physical activities). We hope these findings will incite further studies and discussion to help make aging in the right place a real choice for anyone who wishes to do so.


id: cord-317566-6ch6na31
author: Epstein, Robert S.
date: 2020-07-08
txt: ./txt/cord-317566-6ch6na31.txt
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mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32642965/
doi: 10.1007/s12325-020-01419-6
summary:
  INTRODUCTION: Chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression (CIM) is one of the most common dose-limiting complications of cancer treatment, and is associated with a range of debilitating symptoms that can significantly impact patients'' quality of life. Methods: An online survey was conducted of participants with breast, lung, or colorectal cancer who had received chemotherapy treatment within the past 12 months, and had experienced at least one episode of myelosuppression in the past year. Methods: An online survey was conducted of participants with breast, lung, or colorectal cancer who had received chemotherapy treatment within the past 12 months, and had experienced at least one episode of myelosuppression in the past year. Despite the use of chemotherapy dose reductions and delays, G(M)-CSF, ESA injections, and blood transfusions to address CIM, the findings of this survey suggest that the real-world impact of myelosuppression on patients is substantial, with almost all participants reporting a moderate or major impact on their lives.

title:
  Patient Burden and Real-World Management of Chemotherapy-Induced Myelosuppression: Results from an Online Survey of Patients with Solid Tumors

abstract:
  INTRODUCTION: Chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression (CIM) is one of the most common dose-limiting complications of cancer treatment, and is associated with a range of debilitating symptoms that can significantly impact patients’ quality of life. The purpose of this study was to understand patients’ perspectives on how the side effects of CIM are managed in routine clinical practice. METHODS: An online survey was conducted of participants with breast, lung, or colorectal cancer who had received chemotherapy treatment within the past 12 months, and had experienced at least one episode of myelosuppression in the past year. The survey was administered with predominantly close-ended questions, and lay definitions of key terms were provided to aid response selection. RESULTS: Of 301 participants who completed the online survey, 153 (51%) had breast cancer, 100 (33%) had lung cancer, and 48 (16%) had colorectal cancer. Anemia, neutropenia, lymphopenia, and thrombocytopenia were reported by 61%, 59%, 37%, and 34% of participants, respectively. Most participants (79%) reported having received treatment for CIM, and 64% of participants recalled chemotherapy dose modifications as a result of CIM. Although most participants believed their oncologist was aware of the side effects of CIM, and treated them quickly, 30% of participants felt their oncologists did not understand how uncomfortable they were due to the side effects of CIM. Overall, 88% of participants considered CIM to have a moderate or major impact on their lives. CONCLUSION: The data highlight that despite the various methods used to address CIM, and the patient-focused approach of oncologists, the real-world impact of CIM on patients is substantial. Improving communication between patients and health care providers may help improve patients’ understanding of CIM, and foster shared decision-making in terms of treatment. Additional insights from patients should be obtained to further elucidate the totality of life burden associated with CIM.


id: cord-317988-1buh1wm0
author: Kalichman, Seth C.
date: 2020-06-05
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32530862/
doi: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002414
title:
  Intersecting Pandemics: Impact of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Protective Behaviors on People Living With HIV, Atlanta, Georgia

abstract:
  COVID-19 and its social responses threaten the health of people living with HIV. We conducted a rapid-response interview to assess COVID-19 protective behaviors of people living with HIV and the impact of their responses on HIV-related health care. METHOD: Men and women living with HIV (N = 162) aged 20–37 years participating in a longitudinal study of HIV treatment and care completed routine study measures and an assessment of COVID-19–related experiences. RESULTS: At baseline, most participants demonstrated HIV viremia, markers indicative of renal disorders, and biologically confirmed substance use. At follow-up, in the first month of responding to COVID-19, engaging in more social distancing behaviors was related to difficulty accessing food and medications and increased cancelation of health care appointments, both by self and providers. We observed antiretroviral therapy adherence had improved during the initial month of COVID-19 response. CONCLUSIONS: Factors that may pose added risk for COVID-19 severity were prevalent among people living with HIV, and those with greater risk factors did not practice more COVID-19 protective behaviors. Social distancing and other practices intended to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 interfered with HIV care, and impeded access to food and medications, although an immediate adverse impact on medication adherence was not evident. These results suggest social responses to COVID-19 adversely impacted the health care of people living with HIV, supporting continued monitoring to determine the long-term effects of co-occurring HIV and COVID-19 pandemics.


id: cord-318980-8cclwzob
title: Pattern of disinfectants use and their adverse effects on the consumers after COVID-19 outbreak
author: Dindarloo, Kavoos
date: 2020-09-30
txt: ./txt/cord-318980-8cclwzob.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-318980-8cclwzob.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40201-020-00548-y
doi: 10.1007/s40201-020-00548-y
summary:
  BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the pattern of disinfectants use within outbreak of COVID-19 and estimate their adverse effects on the consumer''s health. Health tips to prevent the spread of COVID-19 include regular hand washing, covering the mouth and nose when coughing and sneezing, full cooking, avoiding close contact with a person who has symptoms of a respiratory illness such as cough and sneezing, and disinfecting surfaces [2] . Repeated use of sodium hypochlorite bleach with inappropriate concentrations can cause damage Fig. 3 The surfaces disinfected by participants to the skin of the hands and respiratory problems for these people. Alcohol-based solutions and sodium hypochlorite bleach are the most widely used disinfectants by participants after the outbreak of Coronavirus. Advices to use methanol instead of ethanol for disinfecting hands and surfaces and drink alcohol to remove the virus from the body were those that have led to poisoning, blindness and even death in some people.

abstract:
  BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the pattern of disinfectants use within outbreak of COVID-19 and estimate their adverse effects on the consumer’s health. METHODS: In this descriptive-analytical study, 1090 participants were entered into the study without age and gender limitations. A researcher-made electronic checklist containing 43 questions was applied to collect data. The checklist included three sections: demographic characteristics (8 questions), disinfection of body and non-living surfaces (21 questions), and adverse effects of disinfectants on health (15 questions). RESULTS: 87% of participants used the incorrect proportions of water and alcohol to make this disinfectant available at home. The percentage of people with wrong proportion of sodium hypochlorite was 74.2%. Approximately 42% of participants experienced at least one disorder on their hands, feet, eyes, respiratory or gastrointestinal systems after sequential uses of disinfectants. The most common disorders among the participants were found to be skin dryness (76.3%), obsession (42.2%), skin itching (41.2%), coughing (41.1%), and eyes irritation (39.5%). The mean frequency of hand washing and hand disinfecting were 15.28 and 10.74 times per a day, respectively, and the clean-up in case of surfaces was 2.99 times a day. The frequency of hand washing and disinfecting in women group (16.4 and 11.2 times a day) were higher than in men (14.0 and 10.3 times a day) group. In addition, these self-care actions in married people (15.6 and 11.0 times a day) were higher compared to those in single people (14.0 and 10.6 times a day). CONCLUSION: Being unaware of participants with instruction for preparation and use disinfectants may harm their health. Therefore, it is suggested that the authorities provide the necessary training program for public through official media.


id: cord-322871-cf4mn0pu
title: Ebola Emergency Preparedness: Simulation Training for Frontline Health Care Professionals
author: O''Keeffe, Dara Ann
date: 2016-08-08
txt: ./txt/cord-322871-cf4mn0pu.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-322871-cf4mn0pu.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30800728/
doi: 10.15766/mep_2374-8265.10433
summary:
  The primary goal of this program was to ensure the safety of staff, patients, and the general public by training staff in the correct use of personal protective equipment (PPE) before, during, and after care of patients with EVD. RESULTS: This program was effectively deployed in the STRATUS Center for Medical Simulation over a 4-month period, with 220 health care professionals participating in the training and 195 participants completing the pre-/posttraining questionnaires. DISCUSSION: This interprofessional simulation-based program has been shown to be a well-received method of training clinicians to manage patients collaboratively during an EVD outbreak. Here, we describe a simulation laboratory-based program that was used as the foundation training for frontline staff in the correct use of PPE for clinical care activities. Our interprofessional simulation-based program has been shown to be a well-received method of training clinicians to manage patients collaboratively during an EVD outbreak.

abstract:
  INTRODUCTION: At Brigham and Women's Hospital, we identified the need for a comprehensive training program designed to prepare frontline staff to safely manage a patient with Ebola viral disease (EVD). The primary goal of this program was to ensure the safety of staff, patients, and the general public by training staff in the correct use of personal protective equipment (PPE) before, during, and after care of patients with EVD. METHODS: We delivered a 4-hour experiential training program to frontline health care professionals who would be expected to care for a patient with EVD. The program occurred in a simulation center with multiple flexible spaces and consisted of demonstration, multiple skills practice sessions, and a patient simulation case. We analyzed completed pre- and posttraining questionnaires. The questionnaire assessed their subjective level of confidence in three key areas: donning and doffing PPE, performing clinical skills while wearing PPE, and management of a contamination breach. RESULTS: This program was effectively deployed in the STRATUS Center for Medical Simulation over a 4-month period, with 220 health care professionals participating in the training and 195 participants completing the pre-/posttraining questionnaires. Our intervention significantly increased the confidence of participants on each primary objective (p = .001 for all three stations). DISCUSSION: This interprofessional simulation-based program has been shown to be a well-received method of training clinicians to manage patients collaboratively during an EVD outbreak. Our intent is that the skills taught in this training program would also be transferable to management of other infectious diseases in the clinical setting.


id: cord-332108-6riu44fw
author: Alanezi, Fahad
date: 2020-09-18
txt: ./txt/cord-332108-6riu44fw.txt
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extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00494
doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00494
summary:
  Objective: Focusing on these aspects, this manuscript reviews public awareness about COVID-19, myths surrounding it, its symptoms, treatment, transmission, importance of information sources, types of information to be considered in awareness campaigns, promotional channels, and their implications in Saudi Arabia. Results: Awareness levels of the participants related to COVID-19, its means of transmission, preventive measures, symptoms, and treatment were identified to be moderate to high (60–80%). It included various sections, including questions related to general awareness of COVID-19 (four items), its symptoms (six items), transmission (three items), preventive care (10 items), treatment options (two items), myths (eight items), types of information (15 items), communication/promotional channels (nine items), and sources of information (five items). Firstly, this study contributes to the literature by providing the relationship between awareness and self-care practices adopted by the public considering the COVID-19 outbreak, reflecting the people''s attitudes toward the pandemic and preventive measures.

title:
  Implications of Public Understanding of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia for Fostering Effective Communication Through Awareness Framework

abstract:
  Background: Participation of the public is an important and most effective approach for controlling the spread of novel coronavirus. However, considering its novel nature, it is important to create awareness among the public to be able to take timely preventive measures. On the contrary, misinformation and myths from online communities result in severe damages in mitigation of this novel disease. Objective: Focusing on these aspects, this manuscript reviews public awareness about COVID-19, myths surrounding it, its symptoms, treatment, transmission, importance of information sources, types of information to be considered in awareness campaigns, promotional channels, and their implications in Saudi Arabia. Methods: An online questionnaire-based survey was used for collecting data related to five major aspects related to COVID-19 and awareness creation process. The survey was accessed by 1,881 people, out of whom 741 people participated in the survey. However, 150 dropouts left the survey in between, as a result of which a final sample of 591 was achieved, indicating the response rate of 39.3% and a completion rate of 79.76%. Results: Awareness levels of the participants related to COVID-19, its means of transmission, preventive measures, symptoms, and treatment were identified to be moderate to high (60–80%). However, reliance on a few myths and violation of certain preventive measures were identified with majority of the participants (more than 60%). The Ministry of Health was identified to be the most reliable source of information followed by family and friends. Moreover, 15 types of information were identified to be highly relevant and important, which need to be effectively disseminated among the public through effective communication channels. Conclusions: Lack of awareness can result in serious outcomes in relation to COVID-19. Effective awareness campaigns including relevant information from reliable sources can improve the knowledge of people, and they must be effective in developing positive attitudes among the public toward adopting preventive measures.


id: cord-332173-m38sr6oc
author: Denburg, Avram E.
date: 2020-05-13
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2020.04.007
doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2020.04.007
title:
  Does moral reasoning influence public values for health care priority setting?: A population-based randomized stated preference survey

abstract:
  OBJECTIVE: Preferences of members of the public are recognized as important inputs into health care priority-setting, though knowledge of such preferences is scant. We sought to generate evidence of public preferences related to healthcare resource allocation among adults and children. METHODS: We conducted an experimental stated preference survey in a national sample of Canadian adults. Preferences were elicited across a range of scenarios and scored on a visual analogue scale. Intervention group participants were randomized to a moral reasoning exercise prior to each choice task. The main outcomes were the differences in mean preference scores by group, scenario, and demographics. RESULTS: Our results demonstrate a consistent preference by participants to allocate scarce health system resources to children. Exposure to the moral reasoning exercise weakened but did not eliminate this preference. Younger respondent age and parenthood were associated with greater preference for children. The top principles guiding participants’ allocative decisions were treat equally, relieve suffering, and rescue those at risk of dying. CONCLUSIONS: Our study affirms the relevance of age in public preferences for the allocation of scarce health care resources, demonstrating a significant preference by participants to allocate healthcare resources to children. However, this preference diminishes when challenged by exposure to a range of moral principles, revealing a strong public endorsement of equality of access. Definitions of value in healthcare based on clinical benefit and cost-effectiveness may exclude moral considerations that the public values, such as equality and humanitarianism, highlighting opportunities to enrich healthcare priority-setting through public engagement.


id: cord-332735-vfnbs2jn
author: Rebmann, Terri
date: 2009-12-31
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0196655309008232
doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2009.09.003
title:
  Infection preventionists' experience during the first months of the 2009 novel H1N1 influenza A pandemic

abstract:
  Background A novel strain of influenza A (H1N1) was identified in April 2009 and developed into a pandemic by June 2009. This rapid and unexpected event had enormous implications for infection preventionists (IP) internationally. Lessons learned from this event should guide future pandemic planning efforts. Methods Focus groups were conducted at the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc, (APIC) 2009 conference to evaluate IPs' experience with the novel H1N1 influenza pandemic and assess their perceived needs related to novel H1N1 topics and products required for future education and reference materials. Results Forty IPs (37 from the United States and 3 international) participated in the focus groups. Needed reference materials identified by attendees included infection prevention guidance for nonacute care settings; occupational health polices; and brief, multilanguage patient/family educational materials. Educational topics on which IPs need to be trained include isolation precautions/personal protective equipment recommendations for novel H1N1 patients, coordination between hospitals and community response agencies, and surge management. The rapidly changing and conflicting recommendations related to patient management made responding to this event challenging. IPs require synthesized infection prevention guidelines developed in a concise, real-time format. Conclusion IPs must continue to partner with public health and other response agencies to address gaps in pandemic planning.


id: cord-334256-shog0bx5
title: Young people’s views on their role in the COVID-19 pandemic and society’s recovery from it
author: Larcher, Vic
date: 2020-08-31
txt: ./txt/cord-334256-shog0bx5.txt
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extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2020-320040
doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2020-320040
summary:
  DESIGN/SETTING: Focus-group discussion with 15 Children''s Hospital Young People''s Forum members (23/5) to explore their perspective on the impact of COVID-19 on both their lives and those of their community, on school closures, and the role they wished to play in society''s recovery from the pandemic. ► Young people felt recipients rather than participants in the pandemic process; they need appropriate accessible information and means by which their voices can be heard. 1. Awareness of the impact on others: Participants showed clear recognition of the effects of the pandemic and the imposed control measures on broader society, focusing mainly on three groups: the elderly, socially disadvantaged and parents. Challenges for parents: Participants discussed how competing responsibilities posed by school closure and working from home was challenging for their parents, who often lacked teaching skills and the time needed to support children with homework: (P3).

abstract:
  OBJECTIVE: There has been little formal exploration of how young people see their role in the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN/SETTING: Focus-group discussion with 15 Children’s Hospital Young People’s Forum members (23/5) to explore their perspective on the impact of COVID-19 on both their lives and those of their community, on school closures, and the role they wished to play in society’s recovery from the pandemic. Audio recordings were transcribed verbatim using NVivo Software and analysed using an inductive thematic analysis approach. OUTCOME: Four major themes identified: (1) Awareness of pandemic’s impact on others: participants showed mature awareness of the effects on broader society, especially the elderly, socially disadvantaged and parents. (2) Perceived impact on their own lives: principal concerns were the educational and practical repercussions of school closures and social isolation, including effects on educational prospects. (3) Views about school reopening: young people understood the broader rationale for school reopening and were generally positive about it, but expressed concerned about their safety and that of others. (4) Communication issues: a need for clear, concise, understandable information readily accessible for young people was expressed. Up to now, they felt passive recipients rather than participants. CONCLUSION: Young people were concerned about their future, their family and broader society, consistent with a high level of moral development. They want to be active participants in social recovery, including concepts around return to school but require appropriate information and a means by which their voices can be heard. The alternative suggested roles as pawns or pathfinders were discounted.


id: cord-335007-27a3h2lo
author: Dreyer, Nancy A.
date: 2020-11-03
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1477893920304051?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101909
title:
  Self-reported symptoms from exposure to Covid-19 provide support to clinical diagnosis, triage and prognosis: An exploratory analysis

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Symptomatic COVID-19 is prevalent in the community. We identify factors indicating COVID-19 positivity in non-hospitalized patients and prognosticators of moderate-to-severe disease. METHODS: Appeals conducted in April-June 2020 in social media, collaborating medical societies and patient advocacy groups recruited 20,476 participants ≥18 years who believed they had COVID-19 exposure. Volunteers consented on-line and reported height, weight, concomitant illnesses, medication and supplement use, residential, occupational or community COVID-19 exposure, symptoms and symptom severity on a 4-point scale. Of the 12,117 curated analytic population 2,279 reported a COVID-19 viral test result: 865 positive (COVID+) and 1,414 negative (COVID-). RESULTS: The triad of anosmia, ageusia and fever best distinguished COVID+ from COVID-participants (OR 6.07, 95% CI: 4.39 to 8.47). COVID+ subjects with BMI≥30, concomitant respiratory disorders or an organ transplant had increased risk of moderate-to- severe dyspnoea. Race and anti-autoimmunity medication did not affect moderate-to-severe dyspnea risk. CONCLUSIONS: The triad of anosmia, ageusia and fever differentiates COVID-19. Elevated risks of severe symptoms outside the hospital were most evident among the obese and those with pulmonary comorbidity. Race and use of medication for autoimmune disease did not predict severe disease. These findings should facilitate rapid COVID-19 diagnosis and triage in settings without testing. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT04368065, EU PAS register EUPAS36240.


id: cord-337249-j23d7nb3
title: Older Adult Caregivers’ Experiences in an Online, Interactive Mindfulness Intervention
author: Hudson, Janella
date: 2020-10-13
txt: ./txt/cord-337249-j23d7nb3.txt
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mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33050740/
doi: 10.1177/2515690x20960659
summary:
  Participants were asked to provide feedback about any previous experience with mindfulness and/or meditation, hopes or goals held prior to the start of the program, desired expectations, motivation for joining, impressions of sessions, most beneficial topics, potential application of content, and any perceived effects. Caregivers for older adults may derive benefit and potentially experience reduced subjective caregiver burden as a result of participating in a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program, particularly when the program is augmented with a self-compassion approach and perceived social support. Investigators ultimately developed 5 themes that reflected participants'' experiences, feedback, and reported outcomes: Managing the Comprehensive Effects of Caregiving, Openness to Mindfulness and Meditation, Course Engagement and Incremental Growth, Building Rapport through Shared Experiences, and Ongoing Application and Opportunities for Refinement. This study''s qualitative approach provides a nuanced, contextual account of older adult caregivers'' experiences while participating in a mindfulness program.

abstract:
  BACKGROUND. While today’s older adults experience longevity, they often manage several chronic conditions and increasingly serve as informal caregivers for aging parents, children with life-long disabilities, and spouses. Older adult caregivers managing personal chronic illness often experience significant psychosocial hardships. OBJECTIVE. The primary purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of older adult caregivers in an online, interactive mindfulness intervention. METHODS. Self-reported older caregivers who participated in an online-based mindfulness program (n = 20) were recruited for semi-structured interviews. Participants were asked to provide feedback about any previous experience with mindfulness and/or meditation, hopes or goals held prior to the start of the program, desired expectations, motivation for joining, impressions of sessions, most beneficial topics, potential application of content, and any perceived effects. Participants’ responses were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS. Five themes emerged from the analysis: Managing the Comprehensive Effects of Caregiving, Openness to Meditation and Mindfulness, Course Engagement and Incremental Growth, Building Rapport through Shared Experiences, and Ongoing Application and Opportunities for Refinement. Participants reported both short-term post-exercise benefits such as increased calm, relaxation, and stress relief, as well as long-term positive outcomes. Notably, participants found the program’s unique interactive feature to be particularly beneficial as a form of perceived social support. CONCLUSIONS. Caregivers for older adults may derive benefit and potentially experience reduced subjective caregiver burden as a result of participating in a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program, particularly when the program is augmented with a self-compassion approach and perceived social support.


id: cord-338145-al2m9lou
author: Wolka, Eskinder
date: 2020-10-28
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33149710/
doi: 10.2147/rmhp.s266292
title:
  Awareness Towards Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) and Its Prevention Methods in Selected Sites in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia: A Quick, Exploratory, Operational Assessment

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: The novel corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presents an important and urgent threat to global health and its effect is expected to get even worse in the middle- and low-income countries where the health system is weak and fragile. Timely access to accurate information and public awareness on prevention methods is one of the feasible interventions in these countries. Identifying level of public awareness on disease prevention is important to mitigate the pandemic. The aim of this study was to explore the level of awareness and prevention methods of COVID-19 among residents in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia. METHODS: A qualitative study using a qualitative descriptive approach was conducted. Community members engaged in different service sectors were selected purposively. A total of 22 in-depth interviews were done. The transcripts were imported into OpenCode version 4.02 software packages. A qualitative thematic analysis approach was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The findings revealed that 95.5% of the participants had heard about the disease COVID-19 and realized common modes of transmission. Some participants linked the disease with resentment of God on people or anger of God towards human kind. Importance of consuming hot drinks, ginger or garlic to prevent the disease was reported by participants. Negative attitude towards quarantine and isolation centers and stigmatizing people with a cough were documented in this assessment. Stigma and fear of isolation centers may prevent people from reporting the symptom of the disease and this can create favorable ground for the transmission. Challenges like problem of consistent availability of water supply, affordability of materials used to keep hygiene by rural poor, and keeping physical distancing in different public gathering places were reported. CONCLUSION: Concerned bodies need to address gaps in public awareness by providing health education and continuous awareness creation.


id: cord-339188-apgdzgfz
author: Lewis, Thomas J
date: 2020-08-26
url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.10039
doi: 10.7759/cureus.10039
title:
  Reduction in Chronic Disease Risk and Burden in a 70-Individual Cohort Through Modification of Health Behaviors

abstract:
  Introduction Health risk factors, including lifestyle risks and health literacy, are known to contribute to the chronic disease epidemic. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), chronic diseases account for 90% of healthcare costs, morbidity, and mortality. In the United States, healthcare providers attempt to modulate a limited set of risks. However, chronic diseases continue to proliferate despite expansion of wellness programs and drugs to manage and prevent chronic conditions. Pandemics, exemplified by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), show that people in good health suffer mortality rates at 10% the rate compared to those with pre-existing chronic conditions. Healthcare costs and morbidity rates often parallel mortality rates. New root-cause risk and health tools that accommodate low health literacy and are linked to personalized health improvement care plans are needed to reverse the chronic disease epidemic. Reported here is a study on 70 manufacturing employees in the Midwest US using a personalized and group approach to chronic disease reversal and prevention which may also find utility in pandemic severity and policy decisions. Methods Health, lifestyle, behavior, and motivation data were collected on 70 individuals at the beginning of a nine-month disease reversal and prevention program. The data were updated every two to six months over the period. Inputs included information from a novel health risk assessment, serum biomarkers specific for chronic disease, and traditional medical information. Using all these data we generated robust, personalized, and modifiable care plans that were implemented by the participant and guided by a care team including health coaches and medical providers. Periodic renewal of profile data and biomarkers facilitated adjustment of care plans to optimize the path toward health goals set mutually by the participant and the care team. Results Ninety percent of participants experienced a favorable reduction in chronic disease biomarkers. The reduction in serum biomarkers coincided with a reduction in disease and risk attributes based on medical chart data and before and after interviews. Hemoglobin A1C, for example, lowered in all but one participant concomitant with reported improved energy and reduced need for medications in the majority of participants. Markers of inflammation lowered across the population. Most importantly each individual reported improvement in their overall health. Conclusions This simple, inexpensive, root-cause based risk and health approach generates a “do no harm” action plan that guides a care team, including the participant, on a path to improved health. The data demonstrate that changes in a novel risk calculator score coincide with changes in sensitive biomarkers for chronic disease. When the risks of an individual are reduced, the biomarkers reflect that change with self-reported wellbeing also improved. This program and process may be of value to society plagued with escalating levels of chronic disease and merits further study and implementation.


id: cord-343145-ptkw0csu
author: Gilbert, Gwendolyn L.
date: 2019-04-02
txt: ./txt/cord-343145-ptkw0csu.txt
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extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-4044-y
doi: 10.1186/s12913-019-4044-y
summary:
  title: The politics and ethics of hospital infection prevention and control: a qualitative case study of senior clinicians'' perceptions of professional and cultural factors that influence doctors'' attitudes and practices in a large Australian hospital METHODS: This qualitative case study involved in-depth interviews with senior clinicians and clinician-managers/directors (16 doctors and 10 nurses) from a broad range of specialties, in a large Australian tertiary hospital, to explore their perceptions of professional and cultural factors that influence doctors'' IPC practices, using thematic analysis of data. RESULTS: Professional/clinical autonomy; leadership and role modelling; uncertainty about the importance of HAIs and doctors'' responsibilities for preventing them; and lack of clarity about senior consultants'' obligations emerged as major themes. CONCLUSIONS: Failure of healthcare and professional organisations to address doctors'' poor IPC practices and unprofessional behaviour, more generally, threatens patient safety and staff morale and undermines efforts to minimise the risks of dangerous nosocomial infection.

title:
  The politics and ethics of hospital infection prevention and control: a qualitative case study of senior clinicians’ perceptions of professional and cultural factors that influence doctors’ attitudes and practices in a large Australian hospital

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Hospital infection prevention and control (IPC) programs are designed to minimise rates of preventable healthcare-associated infection (HAI) and acquisition of multidrug resistant organisms, which are among the commonest adverse effects of hospitalisation. Failures of hospital IPC in recent years have led to nosocomial and community outbreaks of emerging infections, causing preventable deaths and social disruption. Therefore, effective IPC programs are essential, but can be difficult to sustain in busy clinical environments. Healthcare workers’ adherence to routine IPC practices is often suboptimal, but there is evidence that doctors, as a group, are consistently less compliant than nurses. This is significant because doctors’ behaviours disproportionately influence those of other staff and their peripatetic practice provides more opportunities for pathogen transmission. A better understanding of what drives doctors’ IPC practices will contribute to development of new strategies to improve IPC, overall. METHODS: This qualitative case study involved in-depth interviews with senior clinicians and clinician-managers/directors (16 doctors and 10 nurses) from a broad range of specialties, in a large Australian tertiary hospital, to explore their perceptions of professional and cultural factors that influence doctors’ IPC practices, using thematic analysis of data. RESULTS: Professional/clinical autonomy; leadership and role modelling; uncertainty about the importance of HAIs and doctors’ responsibilities for preventing them; and lack of clarity about senior consultants’ obligations emerged as major themes. Participants described marked variation in practices between individual doctors, influenced by, inter alia, doctors’ own assessment of patients’ infection risk and their beliefs about the efficacy of IPC policies. Participants believed that most doctors recognise the significance of HAIs and choose to [mostly] observe organisational IPC policies, but a minority show apparent contempt for accepted rules, disrespect for colleagues who adhere to, or are expected to enforce, them and indifference to patients whose care is compromised. CONCLUSIONS: Failure of healthcare and professional organisations to address doctors’ poor IPC practices and unprofessional behaviour, more generally, threatens patient safety and staff morale and undermines efforts to minimise the risks of dangerous nosocomial infection.


id: cord-343315-37821r59
author: Uscher-Pines, Lori
date: 2020-04-24
txt: ./txt/cord-343315-37821r59.txt
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mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32437117/
doi: 10.1097/phh.0000000000001174
summary:
  Through focus groups with senior education administrators across the United States, we aimed to identify potential social distancing practices beyond school closure, describe barriers to and facilitators of implementing these practices for at least 3 weeks to decrease the spread of influenza before many students become ill, and rank practices by feasibility. As shown in Tables 4 and 5 , the within-school practices most frequently perceived as feasible in both primary and secondary settings included canceling field trips (46 votes), canceling assemblies (41 votes), rearranging desks to increase space between students in the classroom (22 votes), restricting hall movement (elementary only) (20 votes), and limiting nonessential staff and visitors (19 votes). Through 36 focus groups in all 10 HHS regions, we identified and reviewed 29 social distancing practices that schools could implement in an influenza pandemic while continuing to operate.

title:
  Feasibility of Social Distancing Practices in US Schools to Reduce Influenza Transmission During a Pandemic

abstract:
  Schools are socially dense environments, and school-based outbreaks often predate and fuel community-wide transmission of seasonal and pandemic influenza. While preemptive school closures can effectively reduce influenza transmission, they are disruptive and currently recommended only for pandemics. We assessed the feasibility of implementing other social distancing practices in K-12 schools as a first step in seeking an alternative to preemptive school closures. METHODS: We conducted 36 focus groups with education and public health officials across the United States. We identified and characterized themes and compared feasibility of practices by primary versus secondary school and region of the United States. RESULTS: Participants discussed 29 school practices (25 within-school practices implemented as part of the school day and 4 reduced-schedule practices that impact school hours). Participants reported that elementary schools commonly implement several within-school practices as part of routine operations such as homeroom stay, restriction of hall movement, and staggering of recess times. Because of routine implementation and limited use of individualized schedules within elementary schools, within-school practices were generally felt to be more feasible for elementary schools than secondary schools. Of reduced-schedule practices, shortening the school week and the school day was considered the most feasible; however, reduced-schedule practices were generally perceived to be less feasible than within-school practices for all grade levels. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that schools have many options to increase social distance other than closing. Future research should evaluate which of these seemingly feasible practices are effective in reducing influenza transmission in schools and surrounding communities.


id: cord-350424-gwkxxkuu
author: Cleland, Brice T.
date: 2020-10-09
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10100719
doi: 10.3390/brainsci10100719
title:
  Feasibility and Safety of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in an Outpatient Rehabilitation Setting After Stroke

abstract:
  Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has strong potential for outpatient clinical use, but feasibility and safety of tDCS has only been evaluated in laboratory and inpatient clinical settings. The objective of this study was to assess feasibility and safety of tDCS for stroke in an outpatient clinical setting. Individuals with stroke in outpatient therapy received tDCS during physical therapy sessions. Feasibility was assessed with screening, enrollment, withdrawal, and adherence numbers, tDCS impressions, and perceived benefits and detriments of tDCS. Acute changes in fatigue and self-reported function and pre-post changes in fatigue were also assessed. Safety was assessed as adverse events and side effects. In total, 85 individuals were screened, and 10 were enrolled. Most exclusions were unrelated to clinical feasibility. In total, 3 participants withdrew, so 7 participants completed 2 sessions/week for 5–6 weeks with 100% adherence. In total, 71% reported positive impressions of tDCS. tDCS setup decreased to 5–7 min at end of study. There was one adverse event unrelated to tDCS. Mild to moderate side effects (tingling, itching, pinching, and fatigue) were experienced. In total, 86% of participants recounted benefits of tDCS. There were acute improvements in function and energy. Results support the feasibility and safety of tDCS in an outpatient clinical setting.


id: cord-353421-m7utrn9g
author: Madhusudhan, Divya K.
date: 2020-09-15
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32941347/
doi: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002026
title:
  An Employer-Sponsored Musculoskeletal Care Coordination Service Can Improve Clinical Outcomes and Self-Reported Productivity

abstract:
  OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of participation with a novel musculoskeletal care coordination service on clinical outcomes, self-reported productivity, and satisfaction. METHODS: Prospective analysis of participants using the service from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019. RESULTS: One hundred eighty nine participants were enrolled; 54 participants completed their recommended clinical pathway. Low back pain was the most common musculoskeletal issue (N = 86, 46%). 88 participants (47%) were triaged to home exercise and 59 (31%) to physical therapy. Behavioral health issues were common: 47 participants (25%) were referred to their EAP. Only 30 participants (16%) required a medical referral. Engagement was associated with improvements in pain, physical function, mood, and self-reported productivity (P < 0.01). The net promotor score for this service was 95. CONCLUSIONS: Employers with populations for whom musculoskeletal complaints are common might benefit from integrating a musculoskeletal care coordination service in their benefits offering.


