Carrel name: keyword-pandemic-cord Creating study carrel named keyword-pandemic-cord Initializing database file: cache/cord-003340-nqc1pduk.json key: cord-003340-nqc1pduk authors: Dahal, Sushma; Mizumoto, Kenji; Bolin, Bob; Viboud, Cécile; Chowell, Gerardo title: Natality Decline and Spatial Variation in Excess Death Rates During the 1918–1920 Influenza Pandemic in Arizona, United States date: 2018-07-26 journal: Am J Epidemiol DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwy146 sha: doc_id: 3340 cord_uid: nqc1pduk file: cache/cord-000161-hxjxczyr.json key: cord-000161-hxjxczyr authors: Rello, Jordi; Pop-Vicas, Aurora title: Clinical review: Primary influenza viral pneumonia date: 2009-12-21 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/cc8183 sha: doc_id: 161 cord_uid: hxjxczyr file: cache/cord-017733-xofwk88a.json key: cord-017733-xofwk88a authors: Davis, Mark title: Uncertainty and Immunity in Public Communications on Pandemics date: 2018-11-04 journal: Pandemics, Publics, and Politics DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-2802-2_3 sha: doc_id: 17733 cord_uid: xofwk88a file: cache/cord-006100-zvb7bxix.json key: cord-006100-zvb7bxix authors: Connolly, John title: The “wicked problems” of governing UK health security disaster prevention: The case of pandemic influenza date: 2015-06-01 journal: Disaster Prev Manag DOI: 10.1108/dpm-09-2014-0196 sha: doc_id: 6100 cord_uid: zvb7bxix file: cache/cord-000916-b22s00es.json key: cord-000916-b22s00es authors: Kelso, Joel K; Halder, Nilimesh; Postma, Maarten J; Milne, George J title: Economic analysis of pandemic influenza mitigation strategies for five pandemic severity categories date: 2013-03-08 journal: BMC Public Health DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-211 sha: doc_id: 916 cord_uid: b22s00es file: cache/cord-031100-ih1ci5cl.json key: cord-031100-ih1ci5cl authors: Overby, Madison; Pu, Qinqin; Wei, Xiawei; Wu, Min title: Calling for a United Action to defeat COVID-19 date: 2020-08-06 journal: Precis Clin Med DOI: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbaa027 sha: doc_id: 31100 cord_uid: ih1ci5cl file: cache/cord-017857-fdn8c4hx.json key: cord-017857-fdn8c4hx authors: Leanza, Matthias title: The Darkened Horizon: Two Modes of Organizing Pandemics date: 2018-02-06 journal: How Organizations Manage the Future DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-74506-0_11 sha: doc_id: 17857 cord_uid: fdn8c4hx file: cache/cord-029245-ay15ybcm.json key: cord-029245-ay15ybcm authors: Davies, Stephen title: Pandemics and the consequences of COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-29 journal: nan DOI: 10.1111/ecaf.12415 sha: doc_id: 29245 cord_uid: ay15ybcm file: cache/cord-031840-k9l91unc.json key: cord-031840-k9l91unc authors: Lu, Li; Lankala, Srinivas; Gong, Yuan; Feng, Xuefeng; Chang, Briankle G. title: Forum: COVID-19 Dispatches date: 2020-09-11 journal: Cult Stud Crit Methodol DOI: 10.1177/1532708620953190 sha: doc_id: 31840 cord_uid: k9l91unc file: cache/cord-032261-no2mojz3.json key: cord-032261-no2mojz3 authors: Gaddy, Sarah; Gallardo, Ressa; McCluskey, Shelley; Moore, Leanna; Peuser, Alex; Rotert, Rachel; Stypulkoski, Corinne; LaGasse, A Blythe title: COVID-19 and Music Therapists’ Employment, Service Delivery, Perceived Stress, and Hope: A Descriptive Study date: 2020-09-08 journal: Music Ther Perspect DOI: 10.1093/mtp/miaa018 sha: doc_id: 32261 cord_uid: no2mojz3 file: cache/cord-254621-ub7ynjai.json key: cord-254621-ub7ynjai authors: Hoyer, Carolin; Ebert, Anne; Szabo, Kristina; Platten, Michael; Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas; Kranaster, Laura title: Decreased utilization of mental health emergency service during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-09 journal: Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci DOI: 10.1007/s00406-020-01151-w sha: doc_id: 254621 cord_uid: ub7ynjai file: cache/cord-000042-9mma6rva.json key: cord-000042-9mma6rva authors: Harper, D. R.; Davies, L. M.; Gadd, E. M.; Costigan, S. C. title: Science into policy: preparing for pandemic influenza date: 2008-07-04 journal: J Public Health (Oxf) DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdn049 sha: doc_id: 42 cord_uid: 9mma6rva file: cache/cord-208698-gm0b8u52.json key: cord-208698-gm0b8u52 authors: Fazeli, Shayan; Moatamed, Babak; Sarrafzadeh, Majid title: Statistical Analytics and Regional Representation Learning for COVID-19 Pandemic Understanding date: 2020-08-08 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 208698 cord_uid: gm0b8u52 file: cache/cord-256042-1yq7kf7d.json key: cord-256042-1yq7kf7d authors: McDonnell, Sarah; McNamee, Emma; Lindow, Stephen W.; O’Connell, Michael P title: The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on maternity services: a review of maternal and neonatal outcomes before, during and after the pandemic date: 2020-10-12 journal: Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.10.023 sha: doc_id: 256042 cord_uid: 1yq7kf7d file: cache/cord-007681-vhghhvnu.json key: cord-007681-vhghhvnu authors: Schwartz, Benjamin; Orenstein, Walter A. title: Prioritization of Pandemic Influenza Vaccine: Rationale and Strategy for Decision Making date: 2009-06-15 journal: Vaccines for Pandemic Influenza DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-92165-3_24 sha: doc_id: 7681 cord_uid: vhghhvnu file: cache/cord-018646-fqy82sm6.json key: cord-018646-fqy82sm6 authors: Huremović, Damir title: Brief History of Pandemics (Pandemics Throughout History) date: 2019-05-16 journal: Psychiatry of Pandemics DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15346-5_2 sha: doc_id: 18646 cord_uid: fqy82sm6 file: cache/cord-001634-mi5gcfcw.json key: cord-001634-mi5gcfcw authors: Davis, Mark D M; Stephenson, Niamh; Lohm, Davina; Waller, Emily; Flowers, Paul title: Beyond resistance: social factors in the general public response to pandemic influenza date: 2015-04-29 journal: BMC Public Health DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1756-8 sha: doc_id: 1634 cord_uid: mi5gcfcw file: cache/cord-102269-lfdvl78a.json key: cord-102269-lfdvl78a authors: Singer, B. J.; Thompson, R. N.; Bonsall, M. B. title: The effect of the definition of 'pandemic' on quantitative assessments of infectious disease outbreak risk date: 2020-10-05 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.02.20205682 sha: doc_id: 102269 cord_uid: lfdvl78a file: cache/cord-241146-j0qperwz.json key: cord-241146-j0qperwz authors: Lallie, Harjinder Singh; Shepherd, Lynsay A.; Nurse, Jason R. C.; Erola, Arnau; Epiphaniou, Gregory; Maple, Carsten; Bellekens, Xavier title: Cyber Security in the Age of COVID-19: A Timeline and Analysis of Cyber-Crime and Cyber-Attacks during the Pandemic date: 2020-06-21 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 241146 cord_uid: j0qperwz file: cache/cord-007897-evz3gwac.json key: cord-007897-evz3gwac authors: Amirov, Chingiz; Howard, Pat; Kohm, Catherine title: Influenza pandemic planning: One organization's experience date: 2010-06-25 journal: Healthc Manage Forum DOI: 10.1016/s0840-4704(10)60253-0 sha: doc_id: 7897 cord_uid: evz3gwac file: cache/cord-017249-la5sum39.json key: cord-017249-la5sum39 authors: Feldblyum, Tamara V.; Segal, David M. title: Seasonal and Pandemic Influenza Surveillance and Disease Severity date: 2015-05-12 journal: Global Virology I - Identifying and Investigating Viral Diseases DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2410-3_29 sha: doc_id: 17249 cord_uid: la5sum39 file: cache/cord-003302-vxk7uqlc.json key: cord-003302-vxk7uqlc authors: Fedson, David S title: Influenza, evolution, and the next pandemic date: 2018-10-03 journal: Evol Med Public Health DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoy027 sha: doc_id: 3302 cord_uid: vxk7uqlc file: cache/cord-013275-n7sf5ude.json key: cord-013275-n7sf5ude authors: Drake, Tom; Chalabi, Zaid; Coker, Richard title: Buy now, saved later? The critical impact of time-to-pandemic uncertainty on pandemic cost-effectiveness analyses date: 2013-12-24 journal: Health Policy Plan DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czt101 sha: doc_id: 13275 cord_uid: n7sf5ude file: cache/cord-003466-599x0euj.json key: cord-003466-599x0euj authors: Nickol, Michaela E.; Kindrachuk, Jason title: A year of terror and a century of reflection: perspectives on the great influenza pandemic of 1918–1919 date: 2019-02-06 journal: BMC Infect Dis DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3750-8 sha: doc_id: 3466 cord_uid: 599x0euj file: cache/cord-030018-sabmw7wf.json key: cord-030018-sabmw7wf authors: El-Shabrawi, Mortada; Hassanin, Fetouh title: Infant and child health and healthcare before and after COVID-19 pandemic: will it be the same ever? date: 2020-08-04 journal: Egypt Pediatric Association Gaz DOI: 10.1186/s43054-020-00039-7 sha: doc_id: 30018 cord_uid: sabmw7wf file: cache/cord-030622-5wlpvmv4.json key: cord-030622-5wlpvmv4 authors: Rubinić, Ivan title: Pandemic paradigm shift date: 2020-08-03 journal: nan DOI: 10.1111/wusa.12486 sha: doc_id: 30622 cord_uid: 5wlpvmv4 file: cache/cord-274544-mxkputbd.json key: cord-274544-mxkputbd authors: Gautam, Ritu; Sharma, Manik title: 2019-nCoV pandemic: A disruptive and stressful atmosphere for Indian academic fraternity date: 2020-04-11 journal: Brain Behav Immun DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.025 sha: doc_id: 274544 cord_uid: mxkputbd file: cache/cord-274694-kdsv7v8e.json key: cord-274694-kdsv7v8e authors: Chathukulam, Jos title: The Kerala Model in the time of COVID19: rethinking State, Society and Democracy date: 2020-09-23 journal: World Dev DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105207 sha: doc_id: 274694 cord_uid: kdsv7v8e file: cache/cord-029434-9spglmzf.json key: cord-029434-9spglmzf authors: Polšek, Dora title: Huremović D, editor. Psychiatry of Pandemics: a Mental Health Response to Infection Outbreak: Springer International Publishing 2019; 185 pages; ISBN978-3-030-15346-5 (e-book), ISBN978-3-030-15345-8 (softcover) date: 2020-06-17 journal: Croat Med J DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2020.61.306 sha: doc_id: 29434 cord_uid: 9spglmzf file: cache/cord-252833-0lb60y12.json key: cord-252833-0lb60y12 authors: Rusch, Valerie W.; Wexner, Steven D. title: The American College of Surgeons Responds to COVID-19 date: 2020-07-14 journal: J Am Coll Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2020.06.020 sha: doc_id: 252833 cord_uid: 0lb60y12 file: cache/cord-271362-qn5i6cdj.json key: cord-271362-qn5i6cdj authors: Zheng, Lei; Miao, Miao; Gan, Yiqun title: Perceived Control Buffers the Effects of the COVID‐19 Pandemic on General Health and Life Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Psychological Distance date: 2020-09-21 journal: Appl Psychol Health Well Being DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12232 sha: doc_id: 271362 cord_uid: qn5i6cdj file: cache/cord-275257-upj8mvzn.json key: cord-275257-upj8mvzn authors: Hwang, E. Shelley; Balch, Charles M.; Balch, Glen C.; Feldman, Sheldon M.; Golshan, Mehra; Grobmyer, Stephen R.; Libutti, Steven K.; Margenthaler, Julie A.; Sasidhar, Madhu; Turaga, Kiran K.; Wong, Sandra L.; McMasters, Kelly M.; Tanabe, Kenneth K. title: Surgical Oncologists and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Guiding Cancer Patients Effectively through Turbulence and Change date: 2020-06-14 journal: Ann Surg Oncol DOI: 10.1245/s10434-020-08673-6 sha: doc_id: 275257 cord_uid: upj8mvzn file: cache/cord-033481-3kxi7fd9.json key: cord-033481-3kxi7fd9 authors: Baker, Joseph O; Martí, Gerardo; Braunstein, Ruth; Whitehead, Andrew L; Yukich, Grace title: Religion in the Age of Social Distancing: How COVID-19 Presents New Directions for Research date: 2020-09-16 journal: Sociol Relig DOI: 10.1093/socrel/sraa039 sha: doc_id: 33481 cord_uid: 3kxi7fd9 file: cache/cord-136421-hcj8jmbm.json key: cord-136421-hcj8jmbm authors: Myers, Kyle R.; Tham, Wei Yang; Yin, Yian; Cohodes, Nina; Thursby, Jerry G.; Thursby, Marie C.; Schiffer, Peter E.; Walsh, Joseph T.; Lakhani, Karim R.; Wang, Dashun title: Quantifying the Immediate Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Scientists date: 2020-05-22 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 136421 cord_uid: hcj8jmbm file: cache/cord-006130-x8kl9bx4.json key: cord-006130-x8kl9bx4 authors: Lee, Connal; Rogers, Wendy A. title: Ethics, Pandemic Planning and Communications date: 2014-05-27 journal: Monash Bioeth Rev DOI: 10.1007/bf03351458 sha: doc_id: 6130 cord_uid: x8kl9bx4 file: cache/cord-015646-tt2p9uue.json key: cord-015646-tt2p9uue authors: Xue, Lan; Zeng, Guang title: Global Strategies and Response Measures to the Influenza A (H1N1) Pandemic date: 2018-11-24 journal: A Comprehensive Evaluation on Emergency Response in China DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0644-0_2 sha: doc_id: 15646 cord_uid: tt2p9uue file: cache/cord-021175-0ikkl3hk.json key: cord-021175-0ikkl3hk authors: Wilson, Christopher; Jumbert, Maria Gabrielsen title: The new informatics of pandemic response: humanitarian technology, efficiency, and the subtle retreat of national agency date: 2018-05-30 journal: nan DOI: 10.1186/s41018-018-0036-5 sha: doc_id: 21175 cord_uid: 0ikkl3hk file: cache/cord-252675-axio9zna.json key: cord-252675-axio9zna authors: Van, Debbie; McLaws, Mary-Louise; Crimmins, Jacinta; MacIntyre, C Raina; Seale, Holly title: University life and pandemic influenza: Attitudes and intended behaviour of staff and students towards pandemic (H1N1) 2009 date: 2010-03-14 journal: BMC Public Health DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-130 sha: doc_id: 252675 cord_uid: axio9zna file: cache/cord-000262-4owsb0bg.json key: cord-000262-4owsb0bg authors: Leung, Gabriel M.; Nicoll, Angus title: Reflections on Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and the International Response date: 2010-10-05 journal: PLoS Med DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000346 sha: doc_id: 262 cord_uid: 4owsb0bg file: cache/cord-019057-3j2fl358.json key: cord-019057-3j2fl358 authors: Afolabi, Michael Olusegun title: Pandemic Influenza: A Comparative Ethical Approach date: 2018-08-28 journal: Public Health Disasters: A Global Ethical Framework DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-92765-7_3 sha: doc_id: 19057 cord_uid: 3j2fl358 file: cache/cord-260585-ovmko655.json key: cord-260585-ovmko655 authors: Sherman, Allen C.; Williams, Mark L; Amick, Benjamin C; Hudson, Teresa J.; Messias, Erick L title: Mental Health Outcomes Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic: Prevalence and Risk Factors in a Southern US State date: 2020-09-24 journal: Psychiatry Res DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113476 sha: doc_id: 260585 cord_uid: ovmko655 file: cache/cord-143246-f97v2cih.json key: cord-143246-f97v2cih authors: Paul, Aneesh Mathews; SusanThomas, Sinnu title: Multifaceted COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-08-26 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 143246 cord_uid: f97v2cih file: cache/cord-253102-z15j8izi.json key: cord-253102-z15j8izi authors: Ross, Allen G.P.; Crowe, Suzanne M.; Tyndall, Mark W. title: Planning for the Next Global Pandemic date: 2015-08-04 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2015.07.016 sha: doc_id: 253102 cord_uid: z15j8izi file: cache/cord-024134-ym7ce5ux.json key: cord-024134-ym7ce5ux authors: Chawla, Sonam; Saxena, Shailendra K. title: Preparing for the Perpetual Challenges of Pandemics of Coronavirus Infections with Special Focus on SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-04-30 journal: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-4814-7_14 sha: doc_id: 24134 cord_uid: ym7ce5ux file: cache/cord-266440-69l9c3my.json key: cord-266440-69l9c3my authors: Rochwerg, Bram; Parke, Rachael; Murthy, Srinivas; Fernando, Shannon M.; Leigh, Jeanna Parsons; Marshall, John; Adhikari, Neill K. J.; Fiest, Kirsten; Fowler, Rob; Lamontagne, François; Sevransky, Jonathan E. title: Misinformation During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak: How Knowledge Emerges From Noise date: 2020-04-29 journal: Crit Care Explor DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000098 sha: doc_id: 266440 cord_uid: 69l9c3my file: cache/cord-255360-yjn24sja.json key: cord-255360-yjn24sja authors: O'Connor, Daryl B.; Aggleton, John P.; Chakrabarti, Bhismadev; Cooper, Cary L.; Creswell, Cathy; Dunsmuir, Sandra; Fiske, Susan T.; Gathercole, Susan; Gough, Brendan; Ireland, Jane L.; Jones, Marc V.; Jowett, Adam; Kagan, Carolyn; Karanika‐Murray, Maria; Kaye, Linda K.; Kumari, Veena; Lewandowsky, Stephan; Lightman, Stafford; Malpass, Debra; Meins, Elizabeth; Morgan, B. 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Zalat, Marwa Mohammed; Khan, Adeel Ahmed; Alsaedi, Esraa Qabl; Ibrahim, Hanan Mosleh title: Estimation of population’s response to mitigation measures and self-perceived behaviours against COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-04 journal: J Taibah Univ Med Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.06.003 sha: doc_id: 316799 cord_uid: sa5aeu9w file: cache/cord-329653-5nkrrqqw.json key: cord-329653-5nkrrqqw authors: Patrick, Jennifer R.; Shaban, Ramon Z.; FitzGerald, Gerry title: Influenza: Critique of the contemporary challenges for pandemic planning, prevention, control, and treatment in emergency health services date: 2011-04-08 journal: Australas Emerg Nurs J DOI: 10.1016/j.aenj.2011.03.001 sha: doc_id: 329653 cord_uid: 5nkrrqqw file: cache/cord-329273-upzxscux.json key: cord-329273-upzxscux authors: Adeoti, Adekunle Olatayo; Marbus, Sierk title: The European Respiratory Society course on acute respiratory pandemics: how to plan for and manage them date: 2018-02-13 journal: ERJ Open Res DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00156-2017 sha: doc_id: 329273 cord_uid: upzxscux file: cache/cord-336447-hpnkou41.json key: cord-336447-hpnkou41 authors: Pitlik, Silvio Daniel title: COVID-19 Compared to Other Pandemic Diseases date: 2020-07-31 journal: Rambam Maimonides Med J DOI: 10.5041/rmmj.10418 sha: doc_id: 336447 cord_uid: hpnkou41 file: cache/cord-327818-1abweqko.json key: cord-327818-1abweqko authors: Kersebaum, Dilara; Fabig, Sophie-Charlotte; Sendel, Manon; Sachau, Juliane; Lassen, Josephine; Rehm, Stefanie; Hüllemann, Philipp; Baron, Ralf; Gierthmühlen, Janne title: The early influence of COVID-19 pandemic-associated restrictions on pain, mood, and everyday life of patients with painful polyneuropathy date: 2020-10-14 journal: Pain Rep DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000000858 sha: doc_id: 327818 cord_uid: 1abweqko file: cache/cord-319853-jr8x5emx.json key: cord-319853-jr8x5emx authors: De Castro, Leonardo; Lopez, Alexander Atrio; Hamoy, Geohari; Alba, Kriedge Chlare; Gundayao, Joshua Cedric title: A fair allocation approach to the ethics of scarce resources in the context of a pandemic: The need to prioritize the worst‐off in the Philippines date: 2020-09-23 journal: Dev World Bioeth DOI: 10.1111/dewb.12293 sha: doc_id: 319853 cord_uid: jr8x5emx file: cache/cord-338390-v4ncshav.json key: cord-338390-v4ncshav authors: Moghadas, Seyed M.; Pizzi, Nick J.; Wu, Jianhong; Yan, Ping title: Managing public health crises: the role of models in pandemic preparedness date: 2009-03-02 journal: Influenza Other Respir Viruses DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2009.00081.x sha: doc_id: 338390 cord_uid: v4ncshav file: cache/cord-332145-rw16o02g.json key: cord-332145-rw16o02g authors: Chen, Patrick M.; Hemmen, Thomas M. title: Evolving Healthcare Delivery in Neurology During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic date: 2020-05-29 journal: Front Neurol DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00578 sha: doc_id: 332145 cord_uid: rw16o02g file: cache/cord-328748-ipv8awq7.json key: cord-328748-ipv8awq7 authors: Smith, Richard D; Keogh-Brown, Marcus R; Barnett, Tony; Tait, Joyce title: The economy-wide impact of pandemic influenza on the UK: a computable general equilibrium modelling experiment date: 2009-11-19 journal: BMJ DOI: 10.1136/bmj.b4571 sha: doc_id: 328748 cord_uid: ipv8awq7 file: cache/cord-339968-s1kmipir.json key: cord-339968-s1kmipir authors: Osier, Faith; Ting, Jenny P. Y.; Fraser, John; Lambrecht, Bart N.; Romano, Marta; Gazzinelli, Ricardo T.; Bortoluci, Karina R.; Zamboni, Dario S.; Akbar, Arne N.; Evans, Jennie; Brown, Doug E.; Patel, Kamala D.; Wu, Yuzhang; Perez, Ana B.; Pérez, Oliver; Kamradt, Thomas; Falk, Christine; Barda-Saad, Mira; Ariel, Amiram; Santoni, Angela; Annunziato, Francesco; Cassatella, Marco A.; Kiyono, Hiroshi; Chereshnev, Valeriy; Dieye, Alioune; Mbow, Moustapha; Mbengue, Babacar; Niang, Maguette D. S.; Suchard, Melinda title: The global response to the COVID-19 pandemic: how have immunology societies contributed? date: 2020-09-10 journal: Nat Rev Immunol DOI: 10.1038/s41577-020-00428-4 sha: doc_id: 339968 cord_uid: s1kmipir file: cache/cord-340756-ks1l11ot.json key: cord-340756-ks1l11ot authors: Ward, Kate A.; Armstrong, Paul; McAnulty, Jeremy M.; Iwasenko, Jenna M.; Dwyer, Dominic E. title: Outbreaks of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and Seasonal Influenza A (H3N2) on Cruise Ship date: 2010-11-17 journal: Emerg Infect Dis DOI: 10.3201/eid1611.100477 sha: doc_id: 340756 cord_uid: ks1l11ot file: cache/cord-330849-yt44k88m.json key: cord-330849-yt44k88m authors: Han, Rachel H.; Schmidt, Morgan N.; Waits, Wendi M.; Bell, Alexa K. C.; Miller, Tashina L. title: Planning for Mental Health Needs During COVID-19 date: 2020-10-08 journal: Curr Psychiatry Rep DOI: 10.1007/s11920-020-01189-6 sha: doc_id: 330849 cord_uid: yt44k88m file: cache/cord-330837-pwwgmtjr.json key: cord-330837-pwwgmtjr authors: Lim, Zheng Jie; Reddy, Mallikarjuna Ponnapa; Afroz, Afsana; Billah, Baki; Shekar, Kiran; Subramaniam, Ashwin title: Incidence and outcome of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in the COVID-19 era: A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-11-01 journal: Resuscitation DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.10.025 sha: doc_id: 330837 cord_uid: pwwgmtjr file: cache/cord-331797-05kcygis.json key: cord-331797-05kcygis authors: Restauri, Nicole; SheridanMD, Alison D. title: Burnout and PTSD in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Intersection, Impact and Interventions date: 2020-05-27 journal: J Am Coll Radiol DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2020.05.021 sha: doc_id: 331797 cord_uid: 05kcygis file: cache/cord-336845-7ofgekoj.json key: cord-336845-7ofgekoj authors: Donthu, Naveen; Gustafsson, Anders title: Effects of COVID-19 on Business and Research date: 2020-06-09 journal: J Bus Res DOI: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.06.008 sha: doc_id: 336845 cord_uid: 7ofgekoj file: cache/cord-338580-zszeldfv.json key: cord-338580-zszeldfv authors: Chang, Yu-Kai; Hung, Chiao-Ling; Timme, Sinika; Nosrat, Sanaz; Chu, Chien-Heng title: Exercise Behavior and Mood during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Taiwan: Lessons for the Future date: 2020-09-28 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197092 sha: doc_id: 338580 cord_uid: zszeldfv file: cache/cord-339376-2dczotbh.json key: cord-339376-2dczotbh authors: Everts, Jonathan title: Announcing Swine Flu and the Interpretation of Pandemic Anxiety date: 2012-07-19 journal: Antipode DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8330.2012.01021.x sha: doc_id: 339376 cord_uid: 2dczotbh file: cache/cord-340616-5vtgd46s.json key: cord-340616-5vtgd46s authors: ÇETİN, Ceren; KARA, Ateş title: Global surveillance, travel, and trade during a pandemic date: 2020-04-21 journal: Turk J Med Sci DOI: 10.3906/sag-2004-175 sha: doc_id: 340616 cord_uid: 5vtgd46s file: cache/cord-342548-ykxvaqcz.json key: cord-342548-ykxvaqcz authors: Abbas, Myriam; Dhane, Malek; Beniey, Michèle; Meloche-Dumas, Léamarie; Eissa, Mohamed; Guérard-Poirier, Natasha; El-Raheb, Myriam; Lebel-Guay, Florence; Dubrowski, Adam; Patocskai, Erica title: Repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on the well-being and training of medical clerks: a pan-Canadian survey date: 2020-10-27 journal: BMC Med Educ DOI: 10.1186/s12909-020-02293-0 sha: doc_id: 342548 cord_uid: ykxvaqcz file: cache/cord-339935-tguhrqvz.json key: cord-339935-tguhrqvz authors: Zavattaro, Staci M.; Hall, Jeremy L.; Battaglio, R. Paul; Hail, Michael W. title: Introduction: COVID‐19 Viewpoint Symposium, Part II date: 2020-08-12 journal: Public Adm Rev DOI: 10.1111/puar.13290 sha: doc_id: 339935 cord_uid: tguhrqvz file: cache/cord-334522-gi7zj70m.json key: cord-334522-gi7zj70m authors: Gersons, Berthold P. R.; Smid, Geert E.; Smit, Annika S.; Kazlauskas, Evaldas; McFarlane, Alexander title: Can a ‘second disaster’ during and after the COVID-19 pandemic be mitigated? date: 2020-09-23 journal: European journal of psychotraumatology DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2020.1815283 sha: doc_id: 334522 cord_uid: gi7zj70m file: cache/cord-327180-yw8rzrb7.json key: cord-327180-yw8rzrb7 authors: Prateepko, Tapanan; Chongsuvivatwong, Virasakdi title: Patterns of perception toward influenza pandemic among the front-line responsible health personnel in southern Thailand: a Q methodology approach date: 2009-05-28 journal: BMC Public Health DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-9-161 sha: doc_id: 327180 cord_uid: yw8rzrb7 file: cache/cord-343926-47m17k1t.json key: cord-343926-47m17k1t authors: Kuzemko, Caroline; Bradshaw, Michael; Bridge, Gavin; Goldthau, Andreas; Jewell, Jessica; Overland, Indra; Scholten, Daniel; van de Graaf, Thijs; Westphal, Kirsten title: Covid-19 and the Politics of Sustainable Energy Transitions date: 2020-07-02 journal: Energy Res Soc Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2020.101685 sha: doc_id: 343926 cord_uid: 47m17k1t file: cache/cord-345373-ulsz1d85.json key: cord-345373-ulsz1d85 authors: Grabia, Monika; Markiewicz-Żukowska, Renata; Puścion-Jakubik, Anna; Bielecka, Joanna; Nowakowski, Patryk; Gromkowska-Kępka, Krystyna; Mielcarek, Konrad; Socha, Katarzyna title: The Nutritional and Health Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Patients with Diabetes Mellitus date: 2020-09-30 journal: Nutrients DOI: 10.3390/nu12103013 sha: doc_id: 345373 cord_uid: ulsz1d85 file: cache/cord-341684-buj8u63b.json key: cord-341684-buj8u63b authors: Corbet, Shaen; (Greg) Hou, Yang; Hu, Yang; Larkin, Charles; Oxley, Les title: Any port in a storm: Cryptocurrency safe-havens during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-07 journal: Econ Lett DOI: 10.1016/j.econlet.2020.109377 sha: doc_id: 341684 cord_uid: buj8u63b file: cache/cord-338683-nzgnpi6f.json key: cord-338683-nzgnpi6f authors: Karligkiotis, Apostolos; Arosio, Alberto D.; Battaglia, Paolo; Sileo, Giorgio; Czaczkes, Camilla; Volpi, Luca; Turri‐Zanoni, Mario; Castelnuovo, Paolo title: Changing paradigms in sinus and skull base surgery as the COVID‐19 pandemic evolves: Preliminary experience from a single Italian tertiary care center date: 2020-06-08 journal: Head Neck DOI: 10.1002/hed.26320 sha: doc_id: 338683 cord_uid: nzgnpi6f file: cache/cord-336283-3q0ujnjq.json key: cord-336283-3q0ujnjq authors: Sanderson, William C.; Arunagiri, Vinushini; Funk, Allison P.; Ginsburg, Karen L.; Krychiw, Jacqueline K.; Limowski, Anne R.; Olesnycky, Olenka S.; Stout, Zoe title: The Nature and Treatment of Pandemic-Related Psychological Distress date: 2020-06-27 journal: J Contemp Psychother DOI: 10.1007/s10879-020-09463-7 sha: doc_id: 336283 cord_uid: 3q0ujnjq file: cache/cord-345064-it26ygo6.json key: cord-345064-it26ygo6 authors: Lotzin, Annett; Acquarini, Elena; Ajdukovic, Dean; Ardino, Vittoria; Böttche, Maria; Bondjers, Kristina; Bragesjö, Maria; Dragan, Małgorzata; Grajewski, Piotr; Figueiredo-Braga, Margarida; Gelezelyte, Odeta; Javakhishvili, Jana Darejan; Kazlauskas, Evaldas; Knefel, Matthias; Lueger-Schuster, Brigitte; Makhashvili, Nino; Mooren, Trudy; Sales, Luisa; Stevanovic, Aleksandra; Schäfer, Ingo title: Stressors, coping and symptoms of adjustment disorder in the course of the COVID-19 pandemic – study protocol of the European Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS) pan-European study date: 2020-08-27 journal: European journal of psychotraumatology DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2020.1780832 sha: doc_id: 345064 cord_uid: it26ygo6 file: cache/cord-344075-ucd6ooob.json key: cord-344075-ucd6ooob authors: Bartoszek, Adrian; Walkowiak, Dariusz; Bartoszek, Agnieszka; Kardas, Grzegorz title: Mental Well-Being (Depression, Loneliness, Insomnia, Daily Life Fatigue) during COVID-19 Related Home-Confinement—A Study from Poland date: 2020-10-12 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207417 sha: doc_id: 344075 cord_uid: ucd6ooob file: cache/cord-344866-vhuw4gwn.json key: cord-344866-vhuw4gwn authors: Demertzis, Nicolas; Eyerman, Ron title: Covid-19 as cultural trauma date: 2020-09-10 journal: Am J Cult Sociol DOI: 10.1057/s41290-020-00112-z sha: doc_id: 344866 cord_uid: vhuw4gwn file: cache/cord-336549-xjrrw0wr.json key: cord-336549-xjrrw0wr authors: Megahed, Naglaa A.; Ghoneim, Ehab M. title: Antivirus-built environment: lessons learned from covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-24 journal: Sustain Cities Soc DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102350 sha: doc_id: 336549 cord_uid: xjrrw0wr file: cache/cord-344985-3mu9rrql.json key: cord-344985-3mu9rrql authors: Fakhruddin, Bapon; Blanchard, Kevin; Ragupathy, Durga title: Are we there yet? The transition from response to recovery for the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-12 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.pdisas.2020.100102 sha: doc_id: 344985 cord_uid: 3mu9rrql file: cache/cord-344498-mwgccbfo.json key: cord-344498-mwgccbfo authors: Casado-Aranda, Luis-Alberto; Sánchez-Fernández, Juan; Viedma-del-Jesús, María I. title: Analysis of the Scientific Production of the Effect of COVID-19 on the Environment: A Bibliometric Study date: 2020-11-03 journal: Environ Res DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110416 sha: doc_id: 344498 cord_uid: mwgccbfo file: cache/cord-340145-nx746m76.json key: cord-340145-nx746m76 authors: Trisolino, Giovanni; Origo, Carlo Enrico; De Sanctis, Nando; Dibello, Daniela; Farsetti, Pasquale; Gigante, Cosimo; Guida, Pasquale; Marengo, Lorenza; Panuccio, Elena; Toniolo, Renato Maria; Verdoni, Fabio; Memeo, Antonio title: Recommendations from the Italian Society of Pediatric Orthopaedics and Traumatology for the management of pediatric orthopaedic patients during the COVID19 pandemic and post-pandemic period in Italy date: 2020-10-08 journal: Ital J Pediatr DOI: 10.1186/s13052-020-00911-7 sha: doc_id: 340145 cord_uid: nx746m76 file: cache/cord-346501-6e91kt6c.json key: cord-346501-6e91kt6c authors: Pitt, Michael B; Li, Su-Ting Terry; Klein, Melissa title: Novel Educational Responses to COVID-19: What is Here to Stay? date: 2020-06-06 journal: Acad Pediatr DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2020.06.002 sha: doc_id: 346501 cord_uid: 6e91kt6c file: cache/cord-335005-ezp4mery.json key: cord-335005-ezp4mery authors: China, Anne; Simona, Gregory L.; Anthamattena, Peter; Kelseya, Katharine C.; Crawforda, Benjamin R.; Weavera, Amanda J. title: Pandemics and the future of human-landscape interactions date: 2020-08-27 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2020.100256 sha: doc_id: 335005 cord_uid: ezp4mery file: cache/cord-344438-08gqn86z.json key: cord-344438-08gqn86z authors: Watkins, Rochelle E; Cooke, Feonagh C; Donovan, Robert J; MacIntyre, C Raina; Itzwerth, Ralf; Plant, Aileen J title: Influenza pandemic preparedness: motivation for protection among small and medium businesses in Australia date: 2007-07-17 journal: BMC Public Health DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-7-157 sha: doc_id: 344438 cord_uid: 08gqn86z file: cache/cord-347952-k95wrory.json key: cord-347952-k95wrory authors: Prieto, Diana M; Das, Tapas K; Savachkin, Alex A; Uribe, Andres; Izurieta, Ricardo; Malavade, Sharad title: A systematic review to identify areas of enhancements of pandemic simulation models for operational use at provincial and local levels date: 2012-03-30 journal: BMC Public Health DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-251 sha: doc_id: 347952 cord_uid: k95wrory file: cache/cord-347492-zz3walri.json key: cord-347492-zz3walri authors: Chellamuthu, Girinivasan; Muthu, Sathish title: Pandemic response protocol of a non-frontline specialty in a multispecialty tertiary health care centre—a pilot model in orthopaedics date: 2020-05-29 journal: Int Orthop DOI: 10.1007/s00264-020-04622-w sha: doc_id: 347492 cord_uid: zz3walri file: cache/cord-348121-c7jq240j.json key: cord-348121-c7jq240j authors: Tagliabue, Fabio; Galassi, Luca; Mariani, Pierpaolo title: The “Pandemic” of Disinformation in COVID-19 date: 2020-08-01 journal: SN Compr Clin Med DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00439-1 sha: doc_id: 348121 cord_uid: c7jq240j file: cache/cord-348394-ezxvgku6.json key: cord-348394-ezxvgku6 authors: Henneberg, Maciej; Rühli, Frank title: COVID-19 and Evolutionary Medicine date: 2020-06-16 journal: Evol Med Public Health DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoaa018 sha: doc_id: 348394 cord_uid: ezxvgku6 file: cache/cord-349474-pprxwij6.json key: cord-349474-pprxwij6 authors: Elshami, Wiam; Akudjedu, Theophilus N.; Abuzaid, Mohamed; David, Leena R.; Tekin, Huseyin Ozan; Cavli, B.; Issa, Bashar title: The radiology workforce’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the Middle East, North Africa and India date: 2020-09-23 journal: Radiography (Lond) DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2020.09.016 sha: doc_id: 349474 cord_uid: pprxwij6 file: cache/cord-349008-x750xe8n.json key: cord-349008-x750xe8n authors: Ertl-Wagner, Birgit B.; Lee, Wayne; Manson, David E.; Amaral, Joao G.; Bojic, Zoran; Cote, Michelle S.; Fernandes, Joanne M.; Murray, Darlene; Shammas, Amer; Therrien-Miller, Natalie; Shroff, Manohar M. title: Preparedness for the COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary pediatric radiology department date: 2020-06-03 journal: Pediatr Radiol DOI: 10.1007/s00247-020-04704-2 sha: doc_id: 349008 cord_uid: x750xe8n file: cache/cord-349949-jp0hvcg6.json key: cord-349949-jp0hvcg6 authors: Freer, Phoebe E. title: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Breast Imaging date: 2020-09-22 journal: Radiol Clin North Am DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2020.09.008 sha: doc_id: 349949 cord_uid: jp0hvcg6 file: cache/cord-354779-5jbehcb6.json key: cord-354779-5jbehcb6 authors: nan title: Confronting the Pandemic Superthreat of Climate Change and Urbanization date: 2019-12-31 journal: Orbis DOI: 10.1016/j.orbis.2019.08.006 sha: doc_id: 354779 cord_uid: 5jbehcb6 file: cache/cord-349696-w3ajpaxo.json key: cord-349696-w3ajpaxo authors: Yıldız, Erman title: What can be said about lifestyle and psychosocial issues during the coronavirus disease pandemic? first impressions date: 2020-07-06 journal: Perspect Psychiatr Care DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12560 sha: doc_id: 349696 cord_uid: w3ajpaxo file: cache/cord-350293-a09r0gjc.json key: cord-350293-a09r0gjc authors: Dubb, S.S. title: Coronavirus Pandemic: Applying a Whole-of-Society Model for the Whole-of-the World date: 2020-05-12 journal: Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.05.009 sha: doc_id: 350293 cord_uid: a09r0gjc file: cache/cord-353064-x4dcfjm8.json key: cord-353064-x4dcfjm8 authors: Carlos, Ruth C. title: Defining the Recovery date: 2020-07-01 journal: J Am Coll Radiol DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2020.05.025 sha: doc_id: 353064 cord_uid: x4dcfjm8 file: cache/cord-354690-ywb9krdp.json key: cord-354690-ywb9krdp authors: Barr, Margo; Raphael, Beverley; Taylor, Melanie; Stevens, Garry; Jorm, Louisa; Giffin, Michael; Lujic, Sanja title: Pandemic influenza in Australia: Using telephone surveys to measure perceptions of threat and willingness to comply date: 2008-09-15 journal: BMC Infect Dis DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-8-117 sha: doc_id: 354690 cord_uid: ywb9krdp file: cache/cord-354941-0ocsf255.json key: cord-354941-0ocsf255 authors: Amorin‐Woods, Deisy; Fraenkel, Peter; Mosconi, Andrea; Nisse, Martine; Munoz, Susana title: Family Therapy and COVID‐19: International Reflections during the Pandemic from Systemic Therapists across the Globe date: 2020-06-08 journal: Aust N Z J Fam Ther DOI: 10.1002/anzf.1416 sha: doc_id: 354941 cord_uid: 0ocsf255 Reading metadata file and updating bibliogrpahics === updating bibliographic database Building study carrel named keyword-pandemic-cord parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 95. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 29002 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 95. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 95. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 28676 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 95. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 94. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 93. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 95. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 94. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordwrd2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 29954 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 26068 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 26522 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 30095 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 28528 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 94. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordpos2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 94. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 30252 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 27526 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 30272 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 30569 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 93. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 93. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 92. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 92. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 95. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 30286 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 91. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 93. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 30801 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 94. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 91. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 30694 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 30404 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 30088 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 31211 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 31218 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 92. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 90. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 30089 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 30632 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 30683 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 31245 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 31699 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === Traceback (most recent call last): File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexes/base.py", line 2646, in get_loc return self._engine.get_loc(key) File "pandas/_libs/index.pyx", line 111, in pandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc File "pandas/_libs/index.pyx", line 138, in pandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc File "pandas/_libs/hashtable_class_helper.pxi", line 1619, in pandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item File "pandas/_libs/hashtable_class_helper.pxi", line 1627, in pandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item KeyError: 'cord-118731-h5au2h09' During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.py", line 64, in if ( bibliographics.loc[ escape ,'author'] ) : author = bibliographics.loc[ escape,'author'] File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexing.py", line 1762, in __getitem__ return self._getitem_tuple(key) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexing.py", line 1272, in _getitem_tuple return self._getitem_lowerdim(tup) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexing.py", line 1389, in _getitem_lowerdim section = self._getitem_axis(key, axis=i) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexing.py", line 1965, in _getitem_axis return self._get_label(key, axis=axis) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexing.py", line 625, in _get_label return self.obj._xs(label, axis=axis) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/generic.py", line 3537, in xs loc = self.index.get_loc(key) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexes/base.py", line 2648, in get_loc return self._engine.get_loc(self._maybe_cast_indexer(key)) File "pandas/_libs/index.pyx", line 111, in pandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc File "pandas/_libs/index.pyx", line 138, in pandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc File "pandas/_libs/hashtable_class_helper.pxi", line 1619, in pandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item File "pandas/_libs/hashtable_class_helper.pxi", line 1627, in pandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item KeyError: 'cord-118731-h5au2h09' /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 31253 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 91. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254621-ub7ynjai author: Hoyer, Carolin title: Decreased utilization of mental health emergency service during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254621-ub7ynjai.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254621-ub7ynjai.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-254621-ub7ynjai.txt' /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable === file2bib.sh === id: cord-000042-9mma6rva author: Harper, D. R. title: Science into policy: preparing for pandemic influenza date: 2008-07-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-000042-9mma6rva.txt cache: ./cache/cord-000042-9mma6rva.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-000042-9mma6rva.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 32193 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 93. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 29831 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 30730 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 89. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 94. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 32105 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 32107 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 90. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordent2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordwrd2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordwrd2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordpos2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes === file2bib.sh === id: cord-031100-ih1ci5cl author: Overby, Madison title: Calling for a United Action to defeat COVID-19 date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-031100-ih1ci5cl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-031100-ih1ci5cl.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-031100-ih1ci5cl.txt' /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes === file2bib.sh === id: cord-029434-9spglmzf author: Polšek, Dora title: Huremović D, editor. Psychiatry of Pandemics: a Mental Health Response to Infection Outbreak: Springer International Publishing 2019; 185 pages; ISBN978-3-030-15346-5 (e-book), ISBN978-3-030-15345-8 (softcover) date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-029434-9spglmzf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-029434-9spglmzf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-029434-9spglmzf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274544-mxkputbd author: Gautam, Ritu title: 2019-nCoV pandemic: A disruptive and stressful atmosphere for Indian academic fraternity date: 2020-04-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274544-mxkputbd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274544-mxkputbd.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274544-mxkputbd.txt' /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258410-ggrrbq5u author: Ganguly, Shuvadeep title: Teleconsultations and Shared Care in Pediatric Oncology During COVID-19 date: 2020-09-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258410-ggrrbq5u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258410-ggrrbq5u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-258410-ggrrbq5u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257706-as5yhroz author: Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto title: Mental health and the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257706-as5yhroz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257706-as5yhroz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-257706-as5yhroz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-027641-0ufwlw87 author: nan title: COVID-19 and social distancing date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-027641-0ufwlw87.txt cache: ./cache/cord-027641-0ufwlw87.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-027641-0ufwlw87.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257684-4b66lenw author: Salenger, Rawn title: The Surge after the Surge: Cardiac Surgery post-COVID-19 date: 2020-05-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257684-4b66lenw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257684-4b66lenw.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-257684-4b66lenw.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 32197 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 32520 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 33078 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-007897-evz3gwac author: Amirov, Chingiz title: Influenza pandemic planning: One organization's experience date: 2010-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-007897-evz3gwac.txt cache: ./cache/cord-007897-evz3gwac.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-007897-evz3gwac.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256042-1yq7kf7d author: McDonnell, Sarah title: The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on maternity services: a review of maternal and neonatal outcomes before, during and after the pandemic date: 2020-10-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256042-1yq7kf7d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256042-1yq7kf7d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-256042-1yq7kf7d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272653-01wck9f3 author: Isaacs, David title: Apocalypse perhaps date: 2020-08-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272653-01wck9f3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272653-01wck9f3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-272653-01wck9f3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253102-z15j8izi author: Ross, Allen G.P. title: Planning for the Next Global Pandemic date: 2015-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253102-z15j8izi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253102-z15j8izi.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-253102-z15j8izi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-102269-lfdvl78a author: Singer, B. J. title: The effect of the definition of 'pandemic' on quantitative assessments of infectious disease outbreak risk date: 2020-10-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-102269-lfdvl78a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-102269-lfdvl78a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-102269-lfdvl78a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252833-0lb60y12 author: Rusch, Valerie W. title: The American College of Surgeons Responds to COVID-19 date: 2020-07-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252833-0lb60y12.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252833-0lb60y12.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-252833-0lb60y12.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-030407-w4bl5fer author: Kvasnovsky, Charlotte title: Reply to letter to the editor date: 2020-08-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-030407-w4bl5fer.txt cache: ./cache/cord-030407-w4bl5fer.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-030407-w4bl5fer.txt' /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordwrd2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes === file2bib.sh === id: cord-021146-wdnnjlcw author: Jandrić, Petar title: Postdigital Research in the Time of Covid-19 date: 2020-03-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-021146-wdnnjlcw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-021146-wdnnjlcw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-021146-wdnnjlcw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-000161-hxjxczyr author: Rello, Jordi title: Clinical review: Primary influenza viral pneumonia date: 2009-12-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-000161-hxjxczyr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-000161-hxjxczyr.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-000161-hxjxczyr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-029245-ay15ybcm author: Davies, Stephen title: Pandemics and the consequences of COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-029245-ay15ybcm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-029245-ay15ybcm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-029245-ay15ybcm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-030018-sabmw7wf author: El-Shabrawi, Mortada title: Infant and child health and healthcare before and after COVID-19 pandemic: will it be the same ever? date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-030018-sabmw7wf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-030018-sabmw7wf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-030018-sabmw7wf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-006130-x8kl9bx4 author: Lee, Connal title: Ethics, Pandemic Planning and Communications date: 2014-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-006130-x8kl9bx4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-006130-x8kl9bx4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-006130-x8kl9bx4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-003340-nqc1pduk author: Dahal, Sushma title: Natality Decline and Spatial Variation in Excess Death Rates During the 1918–1920 Influenza Pandemic in Arizona, United States date: 2018-07-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-003340-nqc1pduk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-003340-nqc1pduk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-003340-nqc1pduk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252675-axio9zna author: Van, Debbie title: University life and pandemic influenza: Attitudes and intended behaviour of staff and students towards pandemic (H1N1) 2009 date: 2010-03-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252675-axio9zna.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252675-axio9zna.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-252675-axio9zna.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-033481-3kxi7fd9 author: Baker, Joseph O title: Religion in the Age of Social Distancing: How COVID-19 Presents New Directions for Research date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-033481-3kxi7fd9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-033481-3kxi7fd9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-033481-3kxi7fd9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-003571-upogtny6 author: Viboud, Cécile title: The 1918 Influenza Pandemic: Looking Back, Looking Forward date: 2018-10-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-003571-upogtny6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-003571-upogtny6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-003571-upogtny6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266440-69l9c3my author: Rochwerg, Bram title: Misinformation During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak: How Knowledge Emerges From Noise date: 2020-04-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266440-69l9c3my.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266440-69l9c3my.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-266440-69l9c3my.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269498-q63ce5pi author: Nicholas, David title: Pandemic planning in pediatric care: A website policy review and national survey data date: 2010-07-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269498-q63ce5pi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269498-q63ce5pi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-269498-q63ce5pi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-013275-n7sf5ude author: Drake, Tom title: Buy now, saved later? The critical impact of time-to-pandemic uncertainty on pandemic cost-effectiveness analyses date: 2013-12-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-013275-n7sf5ude.txt cache: ./cache/cord-013275-n7sf5ude.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-013275-n7sf5ude.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-011757-11r3dnse author: van Wijhe, Maarten title: Loose Ends in the Epidemiology of the 1918 Pandemic: Explaining the Extreme Mortality Risk in Young Adults date: 2018-09-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-011757-11r3dnse.txt cache: ./cache/cord-011757-11r3dnse.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-011757-11r3dnse.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-032261-no2mojz3 author: Gaddy, Sarah title: COVID-19 and Music Therapists’ Employment, Service Delivery, Perceived Stress, and Hope: A Descriptive Study date: 2020-09-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-032261-no2mojz3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-032261-no2mojz3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-032261-no2mojz3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-007681-vhghhvnu author: Schwartz, Benjamin title: Prioritization of Pandemic Influenza Vaccine: Rationale and Strategy for Decision Making date: 2009-06-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-007681-vhghhvnu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-007681-vhghhvnu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-007681-vhghhvnu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-000262-4owsb0bg author: Leung, Gabriel M. title: Reflections on Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and the International Response date: 2010-10-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-000262-4owsb0bg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-000262-4owsb0bg.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-000262-4owsb0bg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-001634-mi5gcfcw author: Davis, Mark D M title: Beyond resistance: social factors in the general public response to pandemic influenza date: 2015-04-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-001634-mi5gcfcw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-001634-mi5gcfcw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-001634-mi5gcfcw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-017733-xofwk88a author: Davis, Mark title: Uncertainty and Immunity in Public Communications on Pandemics date: 2018-11-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-017733-xofwk88a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-017733-xofwk88a.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-017733-xofwk88a.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 41487 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-003466-599x0euj author: Nickol, Michaela E. title: A year of terror and a century of reflection: perspectives on the great influenza pandemic of 1918–1919 date: 2019-02-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-003466-599x0euj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-003466-599x0euj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-003466-599x0euj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-143246-f97v2cih author: Paul, Aneesh Mathews title: Multifaceted COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-143246-f97v2cih.txt cache: ./cache/cord-143246-f97v2cih.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-143246-f97v2cih.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271362-qn5i6cdj author: Zheng, Lei title: Perceived Control Buffers the Effects of the COVID‐19 Pandemic on General Health and Life Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Psychological Distance date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271362-qn5i6cdj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271362-qn5i6cdj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-271362-qn5i6cdj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-017857-fdn8c4hx author: Leanza, Matthias title: The Darkened Horizon: Two Modes of Organizing Pandemics date: 2018-02-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-017857-fdn8c4hx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-017857-fdn8c4hx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-017857-fdn8c4hx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260585-ovmko655 author: Sherman, Allen C. title: Mental Health Outcomes Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic: Prevalence and Risk Factors in a Southern US State date: 2020-09-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260585-ovmko655.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260585-ovmko655.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-260585-ovmko655.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277107-gs7j6fxo author: Yamin, Mohammad title: Counting the cost of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277107-gs7j6fxo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277107-gs7j6fxo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-277107-gs7j6fxo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290471-xg9d4dex author: Coleman, Brian C title: Adapting to disruption of research during the COVID-19 pandemic while testing nonpharmacological approaches to pain management date: 2020-09-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290471-xg9d4dex.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290471-xg9d4dex.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-290471-xg9d4dex.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-003302-vxk7uqlc author: Fedson, David S title: Influenza, evolution, and the next pandemic date: 2018-10-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-003302-vxk7uqlc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-003302-vxk7uqlc.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-003302-vxk7uqlc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-024134-ym7ce5ux author: Chawla, Sonam title: Preparing for the Perpetual Challenges of Pandemics of Coronavirus Infections with Special Focus on SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-024134-ym7ce5ux.txt cache: ./cache/cord-024134-ym7ce5ux.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-024134-ym7ce5ux.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274694-kdsv7v8e author: Chathukulam, Jos title: The Kerala Model in the time of COVID19: rethinking State, Society and Democracy date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274694-kdsv7v8e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274694-kdsv7v8e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274694-kdsv7v8e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-208698-gm0b8u52 author: Fazeli, Shayan title: Statistical Analytics and Regional Representation Learning for COVID-19 Pandemic Understanding date: 2020-08-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-208698-gm0b8u52.txt cache: ./cache/cord-208698-gm0b8u52.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-208698-gm0b8u52.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-021175-0ikkl3hk author: Wilson, Christopher title: The new informatics of pandemic response: humanitarian technology, efficiency, and the subtle retreat of national agency date: 2018-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-021175-0ikkl3hk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-021175-0ikkl3hk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-021175-0ikkl3hk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-006100-zvb7bxix author: Connolly, John title: The “wicked problems” of governing UK health security disaster prevention: The case of pandemic influenza date: 2015-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-006100-zvb7bxix.txt cache: ./cache/cord-006100-zvb7bxix.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-006100-zvb7bxix.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293722-3b1hijhv author: Moriarty, Andrew K. title: What Might Your Practice Look Like Post-Peak COVID-19? date: 2020-06-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293722-3b1hijhv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293722-3b1hijhv.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-293722-3b1hijhv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-136421-hcj8jmbm author: Myers, Kyle R. title: Quantifying the Immediate Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Scientists date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-136421-hcj8jmbm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-136421-hcj8jmbm.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-136421-hcj8jmbm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-018646-fqy82sm6 author: Huremović, Damir title: Brief History of Pandemics (Pandemics Throughout History) date: 2019-05-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-018646-fqy82sm6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-018646-fqy82sm6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-018646-fqy82sm6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259793-pue0mv99 author: Shamshiripour, Ali title: How is COVID-19 reshaping activity-travel behavior? Evidence from a comprehensive survey in Chicago date: 2020-09-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259793-pue0mv99.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259793-pue0mv99.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-259793-pue0mv99.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-030622-5wlpvmv4 author: Rubinić, Ivan title: Pandemic paradigm shift date: 2020-08-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-030622-5wlpvmv4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-030622-5wlpvmv4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-030622-5wlpvmv4.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 43363 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 43655 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 44500 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300396-kea01a27 author: Sharpe, Richard E title: Special Report of the RSNA COVID-19 Task Force: The Short- and Long-Term Financial Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Private Radiology Practices date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300396-kea01a27.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300396-kea01a27.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-300396-kea01a27.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 44652 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 30442 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 45608 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315963-hs70zo48 author: Kar, Sujita Kumar title: COVID-19 pandemic and addiction: Current problems and future concerns date: 2020-04-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315963-hs70zo48.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315963-hs70zo48.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-315963-hs70zo48.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 45337 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-015646-tt2p9uue author: Xue, Lan title: Global Strategies and Response Measures to the Influenza A (H1N1) Pandemic date: 2018-11-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-015646-tt2p9uue.txt cache: ./cache/cord-015646-tt2p9uue.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-015646-tt2p9uue.txt' parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 93. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296493-l437zwvt author: Lumpkin, Murray M title: Pandemic Best Regulatory Practices: An Urgent Need in the Covid‐19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296493-l437zwvt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296493-l437zwvt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-296493-l437zwvt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302859-dc26tyu2 author: Zahid, Marij title: Effects of coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on orthopedic residency program in the seventh largest city of the world: Recommendations from a resource-constrained setting date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302859-dc26tyu2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302859-dc26tyu2.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-302859-dc26tyu2.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 45159 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288818-6uvb4qsk author: Tanveer, Faouzia title: Ethics, pandemic and environment; looking at the future of low middle income countries date: 2020-10-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288818-6uvb4qsk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288818-6uvb4qsk.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-288818-6uvb4qsk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314188-q8pxpw1f author: Bradshaw, Ralph A. title: On pandemics, pandemonium, and possibilities… date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314188-q8pxpw1f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314188-q8pxpw1f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-314188-q8pxpw1f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294636-xes8g0x4 author: Brindle, Mary E. title: Approaching Surgical Triage During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294636-xes8g0x4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294636-xes8g0x4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-294636-xes8g0x4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-000916-b22s00es author: Kelso, Joel K title: Economic analysis of pandemic influenza mitigation strategies for five pandemic severity categories date: 2013-03-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-000916-b22s00es.txt cache: ./cache/cord-000916-b22s00es.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-000916-b22s00es.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317594-5pm2pj0p author: Brooks, Oliver T. title: What If They Threw A Pandemic And Nobody Came? date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317594-5pm2pj0p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317594-5pm2pj0p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-317594-5pm2pj0p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316317-5oehzarg author: Skoloudik, David title: Neurosonology during the COVID‐19 pandemic (Editorial commentary from the chairs of the ultrasound panel of the EAN) date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316317-5oehzarg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316317-5oehzarg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-316317-5oehzarg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292502-m76rne1l author: Cheema, S. title: The COVID-19 pandemic: the public health reality date: 2020-09-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292502-m76rne1l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292502-m76rne1l.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-292502-m76rne1l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-241146-j0qperwz author: Lallie, Harjinder Singh title: Cyber Security in the Age of COVID-19: A Timeline and Analysis of Cyber-Crime and Cyber-Attacks during the Pandemic date: 2020-06-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-241146-j0qperwz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-241146-j0qperwz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-241146-j0qperwz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300183-z3fwtwqb author: Ahmed, Taha title: Community and healthcare system-related factors feeding the phenomenon of evading medical attention for time-dependent emergencies during COVID-19 crisis date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300183-z3fwtwqb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300183-z3fwtwqb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-300183-z3fwtwqb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275257-upj8mvzn author: Hwang, E. Shelley title: Surgical Oncologists and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Guiding Cancer Patients Effectively through Turbulence and Change date: 2020-06-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275257-upj8mvzn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275257-upj8mvzn.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275257-upj8mvzn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294772-nma7w7of author: de Oliveira Collet, Giulia title: COVID-19 pandemic and pediatric dentistry: fear, eating habits and parent’s oral health perceptions date: 2020-09-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294772-nma7w7of.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294772-nma7w7of.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-294772-nma7w7of.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316073-zm3ih55y author: Gani, Raymond title: Potential Impact of Antiviral Drug Use during Influenza Pandemic date: 2005-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316073-zm3ih55y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316073-zm3ih55y.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-316073-zm3ih55y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264974-hspek930 author: Timmis, Kenneth title: The COVID‐19 pandemic: some lessons learned about crisis preparedness and management, and the need for international benchmarking to reduce deficits date: 2020-05-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264974-hspek930.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264974-hspek930.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-264974-hspek930.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296992-2vp35fwv author: Simonsen, Lone title: Using Clinical Research Networks to Assess Severity of an Emerging Influenza Pandemic date: 2018-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296992-2vp35fwv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296992-2vp35fwv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-296992-2vp35fwv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295391-e5it7nxl author: Alahmadi, Adel Salah title: Residents' Perceived Impact of COVID-19 on Saudi Ophthalmology Training Programs-A Survey date: 2020-11-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295391-e5it7nxl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295391-e5it7nxl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-295391-e5it7nxl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307690-1qqyixun author: Preti, Emanuele title: Personality Disorders in Time of Pandemic date: 2020-11-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307690-1qqyixun.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307690-1qqyixun.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-307690-1qqyixun.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289919-iqa5pxda author: Deng, Shichang title: Perceived Severity of COVID-19 and Post-pandemic Consumption Willingness: The Roles of Boredom and Sensation-Seeking date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289919-iqa5pxda.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289919-iqa5pxda.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-289919-iqa5pxda.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322277-mbe9dt3v author: Sharif, Salman title: COVID 19-Depression and Neurosurgeons date: 2020-06-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322277-mbe9dt3v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322277-mbe9dt3v.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-322277-mbe9dt3v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317437-65z4792h author: Perea del Pozo, Eduardo title: A prospective cohort study of the impact of covid19 world pandemic on the management of emergency surgical pathology date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317437-65z4792h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317437-65z4792h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-317437-65z4792h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293822-axr9qu58 author: Rolland, John S. title: COVID‐19 Pandemic: Applying a Multi‐Systemic Lens date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293822-axr9qu58.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293822-axr9qu58.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-293822-axr9qu58.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292929-s8pnm9wv author: Ashikalli, Louicia title: The indirect impact of COVID-19 on child health date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292929-s8pnm9wv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292929-s8pnm9wv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-292929-s8pnm9wv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255360-yjn24sja author: O'Connor, Daryl B. title: Research priorities for the COVID‐19 pandemic and beyond: A call to action for psychological science date: 2020-07-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255360-yjn24sja.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255360-yjn24sja.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-255360-yjn24sja.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307673-ekajojon author: Kaukinen, Catherine title: When Stay-at-Home Orders Leave Victims Unsafe at Home: Exploring the Risk and Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307673-ekajojon.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307673-ekajojon.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-307673-ekajojon.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323200-xnr02xq3 author: Mansuri, Farah M.A. title: Situation analysis and an insight into assessment of pandemic COVID-19 date: 2020-04-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323200-xnr02xq3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323200-xnr02xq3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-323200-xnr02xq3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329704-vnazexhj author: Pelargos, Panayiotis E. title: An Evaluation of Neurosurgical Practices During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329704-vnazexhj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329704-vnazexhj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-329704-vnazexhj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310182-muybvyqa author: Fan, Victoria Y title: Pandemic risk: how large are the expected losses? date: 2018-02-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310182-muybvyqa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310182-muybvyqa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-310182-muybvyqa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329460-wl09mlk1 author: Bozkurt, Ozan title: Nation‐wide analysis of the impact of Covid‐19 pandemic on daily urology practice in Turkey date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329460-wl09mlk1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329460-wl09mlk1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-329460-wl09mlk1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309751-7elnvjk3 author: Abdelnasser, Mohammad Kamal title: COVID-19. An update for orthopedic surgeons date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309751-7elnvjk3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309751-7elnvjk3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-309751-7elnvjk3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314092-ph5vrba6 author: De’, Rahul title: Impact of Digital Surge during Covid-19 Pandemic: A Viewpoint on Research and Practice date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314092-ph5vrba6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314092-ph5vrba6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-314092-ph5vrba6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316799-sa5aeu9w author: Mansuri, Farah Muhammad Asad title: Estimation of population’s response to mitigation measures and self-perceived behaviours against COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316799-sa5aeu9w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316799-sa5aeu9w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-316799-sa5aeu9w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306958-8bx8kxxh author: Christensen, Sarah R. title: Political and personal reactions to COVID-19 during initial weeks of social distancing in the United States date: 2020-09-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306958-8bx8kxxh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306958-8bx8kxxh.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-306958-8bx8kxxh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254771-698gl09v author: Ferriss, J. Stuart title: Society of Gynecologic Oncology recommendations for fellowship education during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond: Innovating programs to optimize trainee success date: 2020-10-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254771-698gl09v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254771-698gl09v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-254771-698gl09v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315619-gowtohr8 author: Cox, Rebecca C. title: Pre-pandemic disgust proneness predicts increased coronavirus anxiety and safety behaviors: Evidence for a diathesis-stress model date: 2020-09-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315619-gowtohr8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315619-gowtohr8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-315619-gowtohr8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325844-w0zqxwdh author: Kanekar, Amar title: COVID-19 and Mental Well-Being: Guidance on the Application of Behavioral and Positive Well-Being Strategies date: 2020-09-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325844-w0zqxwdh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325844-w0zqxwdh.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-325844-w0zqxwdh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304838-r9w8milu author: Olaseni, Abayomi O. title: Psychological distress experiences of Nigerians during Covid-19 pandemic; the gender difference date: 2020-12-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304838-r9w8milu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304838-r9w8milu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-304838-r9w8milu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327516-i25whxt2 author: Horby, Peter title: Improving preparedness for the next flu pandemic date: 2018-07-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327516-i25whxt2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327516-i25whxt2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-327516-i25whxt2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302421-tvy7uo7u author: Brock, Rebecca L. title: Family Science in the Context of the COVID‐19 Pandemic: Solutions and New Directions date: 2020-07-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302421-tvy7uo7u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302421-tvy7uo7u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-302421-tvy7uo7u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322612-vlxewj5k author: Hooker, Claire title: Risk Communication Should be Explicit About Values. A Perspective on Early Communication During COVID-19 date: 2020-11-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322612-vlxewj5k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322612-vlxewj5k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-322612-vlxewj5k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314443-qeuvymu8 author: Banai, Reza title: Pandemic and the planning of resilient cities and regions date: 2020-09-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314443-qeuvymu8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314443-qeuvymu8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-314443-qeuvymu8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323137-8b06u7kt author: Chern, Alexander title: Dissemination of Information During Public Health Crises: Early COVID‐19 Data From The Laryngoscope date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323137-8b06u7kt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323137-8b06u7kt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-323137-8b06u7kt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322082-80ym2rsq author: Monto, Arnold S title: Lessons From Influenza Pandemics of the Last 100 Years date: 2020-03-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322082-80ym2rsq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322082-80ym2rsq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-322082-80ym2rsq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301264-lkfhtb1w author: Davahli, Mohammad Reza title: The Hospitality Industry in the Face of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Current Topics and Research Methods date: 2020-10-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301264-lkfhtb1w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301264-lkfhtb1w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-301264-lkfhtb1w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312461-5qzpo6l1 author: Adalja, Amesh A. title: Characteristics of Microbes Most Likely to Cause Pandemics and Global Catastrophes date: 2019-08-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312461-5qzpo6l1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312461-5qzpo6l1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-312461-5qzpo6l1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306259-vi997dms author: Hanvoravongchai, Piya title: Pandemic influenza preparedness and health systems challenges in Asia: results from rapid analyses in 6 Asian countries date: 2010-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306259-vi997dms.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306259-vi997dms.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-306259-vi997dms.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338390-v4ncshav author: Moghadas, Seyed M. title: Managing public health crises: the role of models in pandemic preparedness date: 2009-03-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338390-v4ncshav.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338390-v4ncshav.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-338390-v4ncshav.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331797-05kcygis author: Restauri, Nicole title: Burnout and PTSD in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Intersection, Impact and Interventions date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331797-05kcygis.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331797-05kcygis.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-331797-05kcygis.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298156-d0pb1kik author: Cheval, Sorin title: Observed and Potential Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Environment date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298156-d0pb1kik.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298156-d0pb1kik.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-298156-d0pb1kik.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330512-nu8q72l9 author: Iskander, John title: Pandemic Influenza Planning, United States, 1978–2008 date: 2013-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330512-nu8q72l9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330512-nu8q72l9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-330512-nu8q72l9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301463-jzke8fop author: Hollingsworth, T. Déirdre title: Mitigation Strategies for Pandemic Influenza A: Balancing Conflicting Policy Objectives date: 2011-02-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301463-jzke8fop.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301463-jzke8fop.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-301463-jzke8fop.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332145-rw16o02g author: Chen, Patrick M. title: Evolving Healthcare Delivery in Neurology During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332145-rw16o02g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332145-rw16o02g.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-332145-rw16o02g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339935-tguhrqvz author: Zavattaro, Staci M. title: Introduction: COVID‐19 Viewpoint Symposium, Part II date: 2020-08-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339935-tguhrqvz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339935-tguhrqvz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-339935-tguhrqvz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327818-1abweqko author: Kersebaum, Dilara title: The early influence of COVID-19 pandemic-associated restrictions on pain, mood, and everyday life of patients with painful polyneuropathy date: 2020-10-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327818-1abweqko.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327818-1abweqko.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-327818-1abweqko.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340756-ks1l11ot author: Ward, Kate A. title: Outbreaks of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and Seasonal Influenza A (H3N2) on Cruise Ship date: 2010-11-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340756-ks1l11ot.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340756-ks1l11ot.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-340756-ks1l11ot.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298475-3bhiattk author: Farmaki, Anna title: Impacts of Covid-19 on peer-to-peer accommodation platforms: Host perceptions and responses date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298475-3bhiattk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298475-3bhiattk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-298475-3bhiattk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330837-pwwgmtjr author: Lim, Zheng Jie title: Incidence and outcome of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in the COVID-19 era: A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-11-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330837-pwwgmtjr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330837-pwwgmtjr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-330837-pwwgmtjr.txt' === file2bib.sh === /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: fork: retry: No child processes id: cord-341684-buj8u63b author: Corbet, Shaen title: Any port in a storm: Cryptocurrency safe-havens during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341684-buj8u63b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341684-buj8u63b.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-341684-buj8u63b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334522-gi7zj70m author: Gersons, Berthold P. R. title: Can a ‘second disaster’ during and after the COVID-19 pandemic be mitigated? date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334522-gi7zj70m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334522-gi7zj70m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-334522-gi7zj70m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328748-ipv8awq7 author: Smith, Richard D title: The economy-wide impact of pandemic influenza on the UK: a computable general equilibrium modelling experiment date: 2009-11-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328748-ipv8awq7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328748-ipv8awq7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-328748-ipv8awq7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346501-6e91kt6c author: Pitt, Michael B title: Novel Educational Responses to COVID-19: What is Here to Stay? date: 2020-06-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346501-6e91kt6c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346501-6e91kt6c.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346501-6e91kt6c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336447-hpnkou41 author: Pitlik, Silvio Daniel title: COVID-19 Compared to Other Pandemic Diseases date: 2020-07-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336447-hpnkou41.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336447-hpnkou41.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-336447-hpnkou41.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340616-5vtgd46s author: ÇETİN, Ceren title: Global surveillance, travel, and trade during a pandemic date: 2020-04-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340616-5vtgd46s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340616-5vtgd46s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-340616-5vtgd46s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330849-yt44k88m author: Han, Rachel H. title: Planning for Mental Health Needs During COVID-19 date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330849-yt44k88m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330849-yt44k88m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-330849-yt44k88m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342548-ykxvaqcz author: Abbas, Myriam title: Repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on the well-being and training of medical clerks: a pan-Canadian survey date: 2020-10-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342548-ykxvaqcz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342548-ykxvaqcz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-342548-ykxvaqcz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348394-ezxvgku6 author: Henneberg, Maciej title: COVID-19 and Evolutionary Medicine date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348394-ezxvgku6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348394-ezxvgku6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-348394-ezxvgku6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305327-hayhbs5u author: Gonzalez, Jean-Paul title: Global Spread of Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses: Predicting Pandemics date: 2017-09-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305327-hayhbs5u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305327-hayhbs5u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-305327-hayhbs5u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348121-c7jq240j author: Tagliabue, Fabio title: The “Pandemic” of Disinformation in COVID-19 date: 2020-08-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348121-c7jq240j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348121-c7jq240j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-348121-c7jq240j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349696-w3ajpaxo author: Yıldız, Erman title: What can be said about lifestyle and psychosocial issues during the coronavirus disease pandemic? first impressions date: 2020-07-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349696-w3ajpaxo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349696-w3ajpaxo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-349696-w3ajpaxo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347492-zz3walri author: Chellamuthu, Girinivasan title: Pandemic response protocol of a non-frontline specialty in a multispecialty tertiary health care centre—a pilot model in orthopaedics date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347492-zz3walri.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347492-zz3walri.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347492-zz3walri.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336845-7ofgekoj author: Donthu, Naveen title: Effects of COVID-19 on Business and Research date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336845-7ofgekoj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336845-7ofgekoj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-336845-7ofgekoj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344075-ucd6ooob author: Bartoszek, Adrian title: Mental Well-Being (Depression, Loneliness, Insomnia, Daily Life Fatigue) during COVID-19 Related Home-Confinement—A Study from Poland date: 2020-10-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344075-ucd6ooob.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344075-ucd6ooob.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-344075-ucd6ooob.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312094-czuw4t7i author: Radic, Aleksandar title: Fear and Trembling of Cruise Ship Employees: Psychological Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312094-czuw4t7i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312094-czuw4t7i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-312094-czuw4t7i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327180-yw8rzrb7 author: Prateepko, Tapanan title: Patterns of perception toward influenza pandemic among the front-line responsible health personnel in southern Thailand: a Q methodology approach date: 2009-05-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327180-yw8rzrb7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327180-yw8rzrb7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-327180-yw8rzrb7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306227-63qvvkvk author: Shammi, Mashura title: Strategic assessment of COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh: comparative lockdown scenario analysis, public perception, and management for sustainability date: 2020-07-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306227-63qvvkvk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306227-63qvvkvk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-306227-63qvvkvk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324366-x3djkzqn author: Hao, Fei title: COVID-19 and China’s Hotel Industry: Impacts, a Disaster Management Framework, and Post-Pandemic Agenda date: 2020-08-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324366-x3djkzqn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324366-x3djkzqn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-324366-x3djkzqn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340145-nx746m76 author: Trisolino, Giovanni title: Recommendations from the Italian Society of Pediatric Orthopaedics and Traumatology for the management of pediatric orthopaedic patients during the COVID19 pandemic and post-pandemic period in Italy date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340145-nx746m76.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340145-nx746m76.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-340145-nx746m76.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-017008-c7skxte0 author: Méthot, Pierre-Olivier title: Emerging Disease and the Evolution of Virulence: The Case of the 1918–1919 Influenza Pandemic date: 2014-08-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-017008-c7skxte0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-017008-c7skxte0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-017008-c7skxte0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330880-6lx66w8h author: Nikolopoulos, Konstantinos title: Forecasting and planning during a pandemic: COVID-19 growth rates, supply chain disruptions, and governmental decisions date: 2020-08-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330880-6lx66w8h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330880-6lx66w8h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-330880-6lx66w8h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304802-44m7u1oz author: Settersten, Richard A. title: Understanding the Effects of COVID-19 Through a Life Course Lens date: 2020-07-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304802-44m7u1oz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304802-44m7u1oz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-304802-44m7u1oz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353064-x4dcfjm8 author: Carlos, Ruth C. title: Defining the Recovery date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353064-x4dcfjm8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353064-x4dcfjm8.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-353064-x4dcfjm8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319853-jr8x5emx author: De Castro, Leonardo title: A fair allocation approach to the ethics of scarce resources in the context of a pandemic: The need to prioritize the worst‐off in the Philippines date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319853-jr8x5emx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319853-jr8x5emx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-319853-jr8x5emx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350293-a09r0gjc author: Dubb, S.S. title: Coronavirus Pandemic: Applying a Whole-of-Society Model for the Whole-of-the World date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350293-a09r0gjc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350293-a09r0gjc.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-350293-a09r0gjc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338683-nzgnpi6f author: Karligkiotis, Apostolos title: Changing paradigms in sinus and skull base surgery as the COVID‐19 pandemic evolves: Preliminary experience from a single Italian tertiary care center date: 2020-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338683-nzgnpi6f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338683-nzgnpi6f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-338683-nzgnpi6f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339968-s1kmipir author: Osier, Faith title: The global response to the COVID-19 pandemic: how have immunology societies contributed? date: 2020-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339968-s1kmipir.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339968-s1kmipir.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-339968-s1kmipir.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345064-it26ygo6 author: Lotzin, Annett title: Stressors, coping and symptoms of adjustment disorder in the course of the COVID-19 pandemic – study protocol of the European Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS) pan-European study date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345064-it26ygo6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345064-it26ygo6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-345064-it26ygo6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336549-xjrrw0wr author: Megahed, Naglaa A. title: Antivirus-built environment: lessons learned from covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336549-xjrrw0wr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336549-xjrrw0wr.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-336549-xjrrw0wr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326851-0jxdnm1l author: Lee, Sang M. title: Lessons Learned from Battling COVID-19: The Korean Experience date: 2020-10-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326851-0jxdnm1l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326851-0jxdnm1l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-326851-0jxdnm1l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338580-zszeldfv author: Chang, Yu-Kai title: Exercise Behavior and Mood during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Taiwan: Lessons for the Future date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338580-zszeldfv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338580-zszeldfv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-338580-zszeldfv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344985-3mu9rrql author: Fakhruddin, Bapon title: Are we there yet? The transition from response to recovery for the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344985-3mu9rrql.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344985-3mu9rrql.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-344985-3mu9rrql.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335005-ezp4mery author: China, Anne title: Pandemics and the future of human-landscape interactions date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335005-ezp4mery.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335005-ezp4mery.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-335005-ezp4mery.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339376-2dczotbh author: Everts, Jonathan title: Announcing Swine Flu and the Interpretation of Pandemic Anxiety date: 2012-07-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339376-2dczotbh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339376-2dczotbh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-339376-2dczotbh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354779-5jbehcb6 author: nan title: Confronting the Pandemic Superthreat of Climate Change and Urbanization date: 2019-12-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354779-5jbehcb6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354779-5jbehcb6.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-354779-5jbehcb6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345373-ulsz1d85 author: Grabia, Monika title: The Nutritional and Health Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Patients with Diabetes Mellitus date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345373-ulsz1d85.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345373-ulsz1d85.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-345373-ulsz1d85.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344498-mwgccbfo author: Casado-Aranda, Luis-Alberto title: Analysis of the Scientific Production of the Effect of COVID-19 on the Environment: A Bibliometric Study date: 2020-11-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344498-mwgccbfo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344498-mwgccbfo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-344498-mwgccbfo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343926-47m17k1t author: Kuzemko, Caroline title: Covid-19 and the Politics of Sustainable Energy Transitions date: 2020-07-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343926-47m17k1t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343926-47m17k1t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-343926-47m17k1t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354690-ywb9krdp author: Barr, Margo title: Pandemic influenza in Australia: Using telephone surveys to measure perceptions of threat and willingness to comply date: 2008-09-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354690-ywb9krdp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354690-ywb9krdp.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-354690-ywb9krdp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349949-jp0hvcg6 author: Freer, Phoebe E. title: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Breast Imaging date: 2020-09-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349949-jp0hvcg6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349949-jp0hvcg6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-349949-jp0hvcg6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344438-08gqn86z author: Watkins, Rochelle E title: Influenza pandemic preparedness: motivation for protection among small and medium businesses in Australia date: 2007-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344438-08gqn86z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344438-08gqn86z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-344438-08gqn86z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349474-pprxwij6 author: Elshami, Wiam title: The radiology workforce’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the Middle East, North Africa and India date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349474-pprxwij6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349474-pprxwij6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-349474-pprxwij6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349008-x750xe8n author: Ertl-Wagner, Birgit B. title: Preparedness for the COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary pediatric radiology department date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349008-x750xe8n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349008-x750xe8n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-349008-x750xe8n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336283-3q0ujnjq author: Sanderson, William C. title: The Nature and Treatment of Pandemic-Related Psychological Distress date: 2020-06-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336283-3q0ujnjq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336283-3q0ujnjq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-336283-3q0ujnjq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344866-vhuw4gwn author: Demertzis, Nicolas title: Covid-19 as cultural trauma date: 2020-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344866-vhuw4gwn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344866-vhuw4gwn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-344866-vhuw4gwn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299613-5ju5fcf4 author: Arthi, Vellore title: Disease, downturns, and wellbeing: Economic history and the long-run impacts of COVID-19 date: 2020-11-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299613-5ju5fcf4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299613-5ju5fcf4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-299613-5ju5fcf4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347952-k95wrory author: Prieto, Diana M title: A systematic review to identify areas of enhancements of pandemic simulation models for operational use at provincial and local levels date: 2012-03-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347952-k95wrory.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347952-k95wrory.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-347952-k95wrory.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354941-0ocsf255 author: Amorin‐Woods, Deisy title: Family Therapy and COVID‐19: International Reflections during the Pandemic from Systemic Therapists across the Globe date: 2020-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354941-0ocsf255.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354941-0ocsf255.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-354941-0ocsf255.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-030909-6if3qquj author: nan title: Perspectives on the Economics of the Environment in the Shadow of Coronavirus date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-030909-6if3qquj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-030909-6if3qquj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-030909-6if3qquj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-001521-l36f1gp7 author: nan title: Oral and Poster Manuscripts date: 2011-04-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-001521-l36f1gp7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-001521-l36f1gp7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 22 resourceName b'cord-001521-l36f1gp7.txt' Que is empty; done keyword-pandemic-cord === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-003340-nqc1pduk author = Dahal, Sushma title = Natality Decline and Spatial Variation in Excess Death Rates During the 1918–1920 Influenza Pandemic in Arizona, United States date = 2018-07-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3326 sentences = 167 flesch = 49 summary = title: Natality Decline and Spatial Variation in Excess Death Rates During the 1918–1920 Influenza Pandemic in Arizona, United States Moreover, excess mortality rates were highest in northern Arizona counties, where Native Americans were historically concentrated, suggesting a link between ethnic and/or sociodemographic factors and risk of pandemic-related death. Moreover, excess mortality rates were highest in northern Arizona counties, where Native Americans were historically concentrated, suggesting a link between ethnic and/or sociodemographic factors and risk of pandemic-related death. We also analyzed 21,334 individual birth certificates to quantify the impact of the 1918-1920 influenza pandemic on natality fluctuations in Maricopa county, the most populous county in Arizona state. Likewise, our results suggest that northern counties in Arizona with high Native American population density (e.g., Apache, Coconino, and Navajo) experienced higher excess pandemic death rates compared with other counties in the state. cache = ./cache/cord-003340-nqc1pduk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-003340-nqc1pduk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-000161-hxjxczyr author = Rello, Jordi title = Clinical review: Primary influenza viral pneumonia date = 2009-12-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3652 sentences = 195 flesch = 35 summary = Primary influenza pneumonia has a high mortality rate during pandemics, not only in immunocompromised individuals and patients with underlying comorbid conditions, but also in young healthy adults. Pneumonia and the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) account for the majority of severe morbidity and mortality that accompany pandemic influenza infection [14] . A recent analysis of lung specimens from 77 fatal cases of pandemic H1N1v 2009 infection found a prevalence of concurrent bacterial pneumonia in 29% of these patients [31] . A recent World Health Organization treatment guideline for pharmacological management of 2009 pandemic H1N1v influenza A recommends the consideration of higher doses of oseltamivir (150 mg twice a day) and longer duration of treatment for patients with severe influenza pneumonia or clinical deterioration [44] . The rapid progression from initial typical influenza symptoms to extensive pulmonary involvement, with acute lung injury, can occur both in patients with underlying respiratory or cardiac morbidities and in young healthy adults, especially if obese or pregnant. cache = ./cache/cord-000161-hxjxczyr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-000161-hxjxczyr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-017733-xofwk88a author = Davis, Mark title = Uncertainty and Immunity in Public Communications on Pandemics date = 2018-11-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4521 sentences = 216 flesch = 50 summary = The chapter draws on research conducted in Australia and Scotland on public engagements with the 2009 influenza (swine flu) pandemic and discusses implications for communications on more recent infectious disease outbreaks, including Ebola and Zika. Like the "swine flu affair" of the 1970s in the United States (Fineberg 2008) , the 2009 pandemic raised questions for the public health system of how to shape public action in light of the significant uncertainties which are particular to influenza, and without jeopardizing trust in government and the scientific knowledge on which is built public policy. Appeals to the collective good and altruistic vaccination on which depend public health efforts concerning pandemics, may miss the point that individuals are led to think of their personal immunity as an arena within which they can sustain themselves in the face of deeply uncertain threats which arise in communal life. Individualized ideas of immunity in connection with uncertainties may limit the effectiveness of public health communications on influenza pandemics and other contagious threats. cache = ./cache/cord-017733-xofwk88a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-017733-xofwk88a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-006100-zvb7bxix author = Connolly, John title = The “wicked problems” of governing UK health security disaster prevention: The case of pandemic influenza date = 2015-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6375 sentences = 244 flesch = 43 summary = The paper also serves to identify that although contingencies management for epidemiological issues require technical and scientific considerations to feature in governance arrangements, equally there are key "wicked problems" in the context public policy that pervade the health security sector. There are studies which consider crisis management, resilience and risk in the context of UK public policy (e.g. McConnell, 2003; Drennan and McConnell, 2006; Brassett et al., 2013) , however, there are very few case-based research studies which illustrate crisis and disaster governance challenges from the perspective of those institutions and policy actors that are responsible for managing such "wicked problems" from a macro-level policy position. The wicked problem of UK territorial governance UK policy actors (i.e. in Scottish and UK governments) in the area of health security have highlighted the domestic state-level challenges of managing planning for pandemic disease within UK borders and the political dimensions to this process. cache = ./cache/cord-006100-zvb7bxix.txt txt = ./txt/cord-006100-zvb7bxix.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-000916-b22s00es author = Kelso, Joel K title = Economic analysis of pandemic influenza mitigation strategies for five pandemic severity categories date = 2013-03-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9171 sentences = 412 flesch = 42 summary = This study estimates the effectiveness and total cost (from a societal perspective, with a lifespan time horizon) of a comprehensive range of social distancing and antiviral drug strategies, under a range of pandemic severity categories. For severe pandemics of category 3 (CFR 0.75%) and greater, a strategy combining antiviral treatment and prophylaxis, extended school closure and community contact reduction resulted in the lowest total cost of any strategy, costing $1,584 per person at category 5. For severe pandemics of category 3 (CFR 0.75%) and greater, a strategy combining antiviral treatment and prophylaxis, extended school closure and community contact reduction resulted in the lowest total cost of any strategy, costing $1,584 per person at category 5. Keywords: Pandemic influenza, Economic analysis, Antiviral medication, Social distancing, Pandemic severity, Case fatality ratio Background While the H1N1 2009 virus spread world-wide and was classed as a pandemic, the severity of resulting symptoms, as quantified by morbidity and mortality rates, was lower than that which had previously occurred in many seasonal epidemics [1] [2] [3] . cache = ./cache/cord-000916-b22s00es.txt txt = ./txt/cord-000916-b22s00es.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-031100-ih1ci5cl author = Overby, Madison title = Calling for a United Action to defeat COVID-19 date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1456 sentences = 76 flesch = 53 summary = The widespread and lingering pandemic of COVID-19 is partly due to disjointed international countermeasures and policies enforced by different countries. To effectively deal with this and future devastating pandemics, we as human beings must work together to coordinate a concerted, cooperative international policy to reduce or possibly avoid unnecessary health crisis, life and economic losses. As a result of early widespread testing and an extremely fast social distancing response put in place by the government in Korea, the basic reproductive rate was able to be kept to less than half of the international average. Challenges to the system of reserve medical supplies for public health emergencies: reflections on the outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic in China cache = ./cache/cord-031100-ih1ci5cl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-031100-ih1ci5cl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-017857-fdn8c4hx author = Leanza, Matthias title = The Darkened Horizon: Two Modes of Organizing Pandemics date = 2018-02-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5013 sentences = 264 flesch = 50 summary = Since roughly the year 2000, the World Health Organization has collaborated with a large number of local actors and made a concentrated effort to protect the world's population against emerging infectious diseases, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), swine flu, Ebola and Zika. Without the capacity of organizations to produce binding decisions for their members, which makes planning for an uncertain future possible, pandemic preparedness would not be feasible—especially not on a global scale. Around the year 2000, the World Health Organization (WHO) started collaborating with a large number of local actors and made a concentrated effort to protect the world's population against emerging infectious diseases such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), swine flu, Ebola and Zika. With regard to the WHO, which was established in 1948, I will discuss the question of how supranational coordination and planning for the future is rendered possible by building formal organizations and organizational networks at a global level. cache = ./cache/cord-017857-fdn8c4hx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-017857-fdn8c4hx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-029245-ay15ybcm author = Davies, Stephen title = Pandemics and the consequences of COVID‐19 date = 2020-06-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3320 sentences = 151 flesch = 61 summary = There is also an inescapable economic aspect to pandemics, in terms of both their dynamics (the way they spread and the reasons why they appear when and where they do), and their consequences, among which economic impacts loom large. (In 1918-19 the time it took Spanish flu to travel from one part of the world to another was measured in months.) All this leads to the conclusion that several features of the world we live in, such as high levels of economic integration and trade, widespread mass travel, and rapid modes of transport, make it much more vulnerable to a true pandemic. These and other features of the modern world also mean that the economic impact of an extensive epidemic is going to be much greater than was the case in, for example, 1968-69. Moreover, the early signs are that lockdowns may not have had such a dramatic effect on rates of infection and rapidity of spread during the first phase of this pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-029245-ay15ybcm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-029245-ay15ybcm.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-032261-no2mojz3 author = Gaddy, Sarah title = COVID-19 and Music Therapists’ Employment, Service Delivery, Perceived Stress, and Hope: A Descriptive Study date = 2020-09-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6149 sentences = 302 flesch = 52 summary = The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of the pandemic on the employment, service delivery, stress, and hope of music therapy professionals in the United States. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of the pandemic on the employment, service delivery, stress, and hope of music therapy professionals in the United States. The rapid changes required in response to the pandemic, combined with uncertainty about the future of employment and/or service delivery, may have impacted the perception of stress and feelings of hope in music therapy professionals. This is the first known study on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on music therapy professionals' employment, service delivery, stress, and hope. The results of this survey provide an overview of changes in employment, service delivery, perceived stress, and level of hope in MT professionals as of April 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-032261-no2mojz3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-032261-no2mojz3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254621-ub7ynjai author = Hoyer, Carolin title = Decreased utilization of mental health emergency service during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1391 sentences = 55 flesch = 38 summary = We present an early study from a German psychiatric hospital to assess the dynamics of mental health emergency service utilization rates during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results show that the numbers of emergency presentations decreased, and a positive correlation between these numbers and mobility of the general public suggests an impact of extended measures of social distancing. This retrospective study aimed to quantify the dynamics of mental health emergency service utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic and to assess a potential impact of the partial lockdown in Germany. This study identified a decrease of mental health emergency service utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic and for the first time extends observations made in other specialties [2, 3] to psychiatry. The correlation of lower service utilization rates and decreased population mobility moreover suggests an impact of extended measures of social distancing on patients' willingness to seek help for mental health problems through in-hospital consultations. cache = ./cache/cord-254621-ub7ynjai.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254621-ub7ynjai.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-000042-9mma6rva author = Harper, D. R. title = Science into policy: preparing for pandemic influenza date = 2008-07-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 524 sentences = 34 flesch = 43 summary = Under the auspices of the UK Scientific Advisory Group on Pandemic Influenza, five scientific papers dealing with the main clinical countermeasures (antivirals, pre-pandemic and pandemic specific vaccines, antibiotics and facemasks) and the risk of a pandemic originating from an H5N1 virus were developed. Revised papers were then submitted to the Scientific Advisory Group for final endorsement as reflecting an accurate and comprehensive summary of the state of knowledge in June 2007. 1 Papers reviewing the scientific evidence base in the following areas are available at: http://www.advisorybodies.doh.gov.uk/ spi/evidence.htm (i) The use of antiviral drugs in a pandemic; (ii) pre-pandemic and pandemic specific influenza vaccines; (iii) the use of antibiotics for pandemic influenza; (iv) the use of face masks during a pandemic; and (v) the risk of a pandemic originating from H5N1. Scientific Advisory Group on Pandemic Influenza, review of the evidence base underpinning clinical countermeasures and risk from H5N1 cache = ./cache/cord-000042-9mma6rva.txt txt = ./txt/cord-000042-9mma6rva.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-208698-gm0b8u52 author = Fazeli, Shayan title = Statistical Analytics and Regional Representation Learning for COVID-19 Pandemic Understanding date = 2020-08-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6364 sentences = 325 flesch = 49 summary = • Evaluation of the informativeness of individual features in distinguishing between regions • Correlation analyses and investigating monotonic and non-monotonic relationships between several key features and the pandemic outcomes • Proposing a neural architecture for accurate short-term predictive modeling of the COVID-19 pandemic with minimal use of historical data by leveraging the automatically learned region representations Given the importance of open-research in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic, we have also designed OLIVIA [5] . This work is distinguished from the mentioned projects and the majority of statistical works in this area in the sense that it is targeting the role of region-based features in the Spatio-temporal analysis of the pandemic with minimal use of historical data on the outbreak events. Our approach then used various statistical techniques and machine learning to measure the relationship between these regional representations and the pandemic time-series events and perform predictive modeling with minimal use of historical data on the epidemic. cache = ./cache/cord-208698-gm0b8u52.txt txt = ./txt/cord-208698-gm0b8u52.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256042-1yq7kf7d author = McDonnell, Sarah title = The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on maternity services: a review of maternal and neonatal outcomes before, during and after the pandemic date = 2020-10-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2913 sentences = 137 flesch = 49 summary = The rate of preterm birth was significantly less common in January-July 2020 compared to January-July in 2018/2019 (7.4% v 8,6%, chi-sq 4.53, P = 0.03) CONCLUSION: The was no evidence of a negative impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on maternity services, as demonstrated by maternal and neonatal outcomes. In summary, there is no correlation between Covid deaths (representing the pandemic peak) and preterm births, perinatal mortality, mode of delivery or maternity complications across the months of January to July 2020. There has been a wealth of data published on Covid-19 infection in pregnancy and our knowledge of the effects of SARS-CoV2 on maternal and neonatal outcomes has rapidly evolved, with reports of perinatal transmission increasing 8, 9 . However, a regional maternity unit in Ireland has described a reduction in preterm deliveries of very low birth weight infants during the Covid-19 pandemic in their population. cache = ./cache/cord-256042-1yq7kf7d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256042-1yq7kf7d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-018646-fqy82sm6 author = Huremović, Damir title = Brief History of Pandemics (Pandemics Throughout History) date = 2019-05-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6864 sentences = 333 flesch = 56 summary = Starting with religious texts, which heavily reference plagues, this chapter establishes the fundamentals for our understanding of the scope, social, medical, and psychological impact that some pandemics effected on civilization, including the Black Death (a plague outbreak from the fourteenth century), the Spanish Flu of 1918, and the more recent outbreaks in the twenty-first century, including SARS, Ebola, and Zika. This includes the unexamined ways pandemic outbreaks might have shaped the specialty of psychiatry; psychoanalysis was gaining recognition as an established treatment within medical community at the time the last great pandemic was making global rounds a century ago. Stemming from Doric Greek word plaga (strike, blow), the word plague is a polyseme, used interchangeably to describe a particular, virulent contagious febrile disease caused by Yersinia pestis, as a general term for any epidemic disease causing a high rate of mortality, or more widely, as a metaphor for any sudden outbreak of a disastrous evil or affliction [4] . cache = ./cache/cord-018646-fqy82sm6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-018646-fqy82sm6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-007681-vhghhvnu author = Schwartz, Benjamin title = Prioritization of Pandemic Influenza Vaccine: Rationale and Strategy for Decision Making date = 2009-06-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5047 sentences = 182 flesch = 32 summary = Factors contributing to the decision to reassess the recommendations included a shift in national pandemic planning assumptions to a more severe pandemic scenario extrapolated from the 1918 pandemic (Table 1 ); recognition that the HHS guidance did not include groups that could be considered for prioritization such as border protection personnel or the military; a broader understanding of the risk to essential services stimulated by the NIAC report; and a series of public engagement meetings convened by the CDC, where participants identified protecting essential community services as the most important goal for pandemic vaccination rather than protecting those who are at highest risk (Public Engagement Pilot Project on Pandemic Influenza 2005). Reflecting the similar value placed by the public on protecting persons who provide pandemic healthcare, who maintain essential community services or are at high occupational risk, and protecting children, each of the highest vaccination tiers for a severe pandemic includes groups from each category (Table 4) . cache = ./cache/cord-007681-vhghhvnu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-007681-vhghhvnu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-102269-lfdvl78a author = Singer, B. J. title = The effect of the definition of 'pandemic' on quantitative assessments of infectious disease outbreak risk date = 2020-10-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3001 sentences = 181 flesch = 52 summary = title: The effect of the definition of 'pandemic' on quantitative assessments of infectious disease outbreak risk Critically, we show that using different definitions alters the projected effects on the pandemic risk of key parameters such as inter-regional travel rates, degree of pre-existing immunity, and heterogeneity of transmission rates between regions. In this study, we examine how alternative definitions of 'pandemic' affect 24 quantitative estimates of pandemic risk assessed early in an infectious disease outbreak. This : Pandemic probability for a range of between-region transmission rates and a range of pandemic definitions in terms of number of regions experiencing epidemics. The third question was "How is the risk of a pandemic affected by differences between regions?" In figure is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint cache = ./cache/cord-102269-lfdvl78a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-102269-lfdvl78a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-001634-mi5gcfcw author = Davis, Mark D M title = Beyond resistance: social factors in the general public response to pandemic influenza date = 2015-04-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6683 sentences = 328 flesch = 46 summary = In relation to pandemic influenza, public communications feature in preparedness and response planning which requires that members of the general public adopt measures during a public health emergency, including: hygiene (e.g., covering the mouth and nose when sneezing or coughing, washing hands, keeping surfaces clean, avoiding sharing personal items) and the avoidance of close contact with others [4] . This paper, therefore, uses inductive, qualitative research methods to develop new knowledge on how members of the general population respond to pandemic influenza, set against the backdrop of the assumed resistance on the part of the general public and related critiques, including, health risk fatigue, the risk communication dilemma and individualism. The research aimed to identify how members of the general public respond to pandemic influenza so that public health communications can be designed to engage with how its audiences respond to risk messages and how they enact hygiene, social isolation and related measures. cache = ./cache/cord-001634-mi5gcfcw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-001634-mi5gcfcw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-007897-evz3gwac author = Amirov, Chingiz title = Influenza pandemic planning: One organization's experience date = 2010-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2286 sentences = 129 flesch = 45 summary = This article highlights influenza pandemic planning by a geriatric facility in order to ensure preparedness for staff, clients and families. This article highlights influenza pandemic planning by a geriatric facility in order to ensure preparedness for staff, clients and families. The key driver for getting started stemmed from our participation on the Toronto Academic Health Sciences Network (TAHSN) Pandemic Planning Committee. Representation on the facility pandemic planning committee included medicine, nursing, infection prevention and control, occupational health and safety, allied health, pharmacy, purchasing, public affairs, information management, human resources, education and bioethics. Our approach was to develop a high-level plan for each area represented on the committee, followed by a detailed tactical plan, culminating in a table-top simulation exercise to test our plans and identify gaps. Meetings were held with the facilitators to familiarize them with both the organization and the facility's influenza pandemic plan, and finalize the script for the simulation. cache = ./cache/cord-007897-evz3gwac.txt txt = ./txt/cord-007897-evz3gwac.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-003302-vxk7uqlc author = Fedson, David S title = Influenza, evolution, and the next pandemic date = 2018-10-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6378 sentences = 324 flesch = 41 summary = These studies help explain the lower mortality in children compared with adults seen in the 1918 influenza pandemic and in many other types of acute illness. They agree with Worobey et al that early life antigenic imprinting might have led to a dysregulated T-cell response that increased the risk of death following infection in 1918 with a new and antigenically dissimilar influenza virus. In trying to understand the 'mystery' of greater mortality among young adults during the 1918 pandemic, scientists have studied influenza viruses and the human response to previous infection. Considered with evidence from endotoxemic mice [28] and other studies [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] , their findings suggest that the mortality impact of pandemic and seasonal influenza and other forms of acute critical illness might be reduced by treating the host response. cache = ./cache/cord-003302-vxk7uqlc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-003302-vxk7uqlc.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-013275-n7sf5ude author = Drake, Tom title = Buy now, saved later? The critical impact of time-to-pandemic uncertainty on pandemic cost-effectiveness analyses date = 2013-12-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5238 sentences = 277 flesch = 45 summary = We therefore use multivariate Monte Carlo simulation to sample parameter values from uniform distributions of six model parameters (time-to-pandemic, case fatality proportion, hospitalization proportion, discount rate, intervention cost and intervention effectiveness), repeating 20 000 times to produce results from a wide range of parameter combinations. The purpose of this study is to determine whether uncertainty in the number of years before a pandemic occurs (time-topandemic) is important in cost-effectiveness analysis. Using elasticity to measure parameter importance is a logical step from routine sensitivity analysis of economic evaluation, which commonly presents a change in ICER given fixed univariate changes in an input parameter. simulations cost effective at a willingness-to-pay of US$900 per DALY averted does not differ substantially with different timeto-pandemic sampling distributions and the contribution of time-to-pandemic to uncertainty in the ICER remains high compared with other model parameters as measured by the MI. Mathematical models to assess the cost effectiveness of pandemic preparedness options should include probabilistic sensitivity or uncertainty analysis of time-to-pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-013275-n7sf5ude.txt txt = ./txt/cord-013275-n7sf5ude.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-241146-j0qperwz author = Lallie, Harjinder Singh title = Cyber Security in the Age of COVID-19: A Timeline and Analysis of Cyber-Crime and Cyber-Attacks during the Pandemic date = 2020-06-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9934 sentences = 518 flesch = 52 summary = To increase likelihood of success, these attacks target sale of goods in high demand (e.g., Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) and coronavirus testing kits and drugs), potentially highly profitable in-vestments in stocks related to COVID-19, and impersonations of representatives of public authorities like WHO and aid scams [6, 37] . Information presented in the timeline includes the date China alerted the WHO about the virus, the date the pandemic was officially declared, and cyber-attacks which specifically relate to hospitals or medicine. By early May (07-05-20), more than 160,000 'suspect' emails had been reported to the National Cyber Security Centre [103] and by the end of May (29-05-20), £4.6m had been lost to COVID-19 related scams with around 11,206 victims of phishing and / or smishing campaigns [104] . To further increase the likely success of phishing attacks cyber-criminals have been identified registering large numbers of website domains containing the words 'covid' and 'coronavirus' [112] . cache = ./cache/cord-241146-j0qperwz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-241146-j0qperwz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274544-mxkputbd author = Gautam, Ritu title = 2019-nCoV pandemic: A disruptive and stressful atmosphere for Indian academic fraternity date = 2020-04-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1193 sentences = 68 flesch = 55 summary = title: 2019-nCoV pandemic: A disruptive and stressful atmosphere for Indian academic fraternity The sharp pang of this pandemic (2019-nCoV) is exponentially sweeping across the world and is triggering chaos, fear, anxiety, and stress among the people (Montemurro, 2020) . During this pandemic, it is very tough to prepare and deliver the quality lectures to the students and the situation gets worse when the teaching is online as most of the teachers have not been trained for the effective use of web resources for teaching. Due to the lockdown of colleges, universities the teachers and students (particularly Science faculty) are not able to use the facilities of their laboratories. The long prevalence of this pandemic may create different types of psychological disorders among teachers and students. Finally, this pandemic has taught us that the subject of online teaching needs to be incorporated at the primary and higher level of education. cache = ./cache/cord-274544-mxkputbd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274544-mxkputbd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-030622-5wlpvmv4 author = Rubinić, Ivan title = Pandemic paradigm shift date = 2020-08-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7835 sentences = 309 flesch = 36 summary = To that end, through the use of a narrative method, this study aims to furnish content to the premise that from both the heterodox and radical economic viewpoints: (a) the coronavirus pandemic must be considered a market failure, (b) the ongoing pandemic has the potential to beget a three-layer economic crisis, starting at a point of production, (c) the solution for the existing state calls for sizable supranational and/or national economic interventionism, and (d) the pandemic necessitates a shift from the profit-centered neoliberal paradigm toward the society focused on efficient, sustainable, and equitable development. The remainder of this exposition is structured as follows: the Section 2 positions the current health crisis within the well-defined economic analytical framework of market failure; the Section 3 explains the nature and the dynamics of the threefold economic crises, resulting from the expected spillover effects induced by the coronavirus; the Section 4 offers a number of remedies; the Section 5 endeavors to locate the sources for financing the expenses of an effective pandemic response plan; the Section 6 provides arguments in support of the claim that the current state of affairs necessities a fundamental paradigm shift; the Section 7 concludes. cache = ./cache/cord-030622-5wlpvmv4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-030622-5wlpvmv4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-030018-sabmw7wf author = El-Shabrawi, Mortada title = Infant and child health and healthcare before and after COVID-19 pandemic: will it be the same ever? date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3270 sentences = 175 flesch = 47 summary = BACKGROUND: The novel corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) current pandemic is an unpreceded global health crisis. COVID-19 pandemic proved rapidly to be a major international medical problem that has many sequences on infants, children, and adolescents. There is an urging challenge of how to provide the required healthcare needed by infants and children in due time and place avoiding the possibility to catch SARS-CoV-2 infection if they go to seek medical advice at hospitals or healthcare facilities. The mandatory lockdown and inevitable social distancing measures due to the COVID-19 pandemic has forced the governments in many countries to close nurseries, child care centers, schools, training centers, and higher education facilities as universities and institutions. So far, the COVID-19 crisis has had a great impact on child health and healthcare all over the world, not only from the medical aspect, but also from the social, psychologic, economic, and educational aspects. cache = ./cache/cord-030018-sabmw7wf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-030018-sabmw7wf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-003466-599x0euj author = Nickol, Michaela E. title = A year of terror and a century of reflection: perspectives on the great influenza pandemic of 1918–1919 date = 2019-02-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5772 sentences = 283 flesch = 45 summary = MAIN TEXT: The 1918 H1N1 pandemic virus spread across Europe, North America, and Asia over a 12-month period resulting in an estimated 500 million infections and 50–100 million deaths worldwide, of which ~ 50% of these occurred within the fall of 1918 (Emerg Infect Dis 12:15-22, 2006, Bull Hist Med 76:105-115, 2002). Influenza viruses have posed a continual threat to global public health since at least as early as the Middle Ages, resulting in an estimated 3-5 million cases of severe illness and 291,243-645,832 deaths annually worldwide, according to a recent estimate [1] . To be considered a pandemic, an influenza virus must: i) spread globally from a distinct location with high rates of infectivity resulting in increased mortality; and ii) the hemagglutinin (HA) cannot be related to influenza strains circulating prior to the outbreak nor have resulted from mutation [14, 15] . cache = ./cache/cord-003466-599x0euj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-003466-599x0euj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-029434-9spglmzf author = Polšek, Dora title = Huremović D, editor. Psychiatry of Pandemics: a Mental Health Response to Infection Outbreak: Springer International Publishing 2019; 185 pages; ISBN978-3-030-15346-5 (e-book), ISBN978-3-030-15345-8 (softcover) date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 581 sentences = 30 flesch = 53 summary = Psychiatry of Pandemics: a Mental Health Response to Infection Outbreak: Springer International Publishing 2019; 185 pages; ISBN978-3-030-15346-5 (e-book), ISBN978-3-030-15345-8 (softcover) This book, dealing with a specific and so far underdeveloped field of psychiatry, is intended for a general audience interested in the overall mental health implications of a pandemic. The series of chapters was envisaged as an all-encompassing review of the available research in the narrow niche of psychiatric consequences of a pandemic. The book starts off by giving a brief historical background of the most widely known pandemics, so as to underline the limited information that has been available to science today. Several key reasons for knowing so little about mental health consequences of witnessing and surviving a pandemic are listed. However, this book provides a good review of different approaches necessary to deal with psychologic issues arising amid and in the aftermath of a pandemic and could be a compelling read for the interested audience. Pandemics: Health Care Emergencies cache = ./cache/cord-029434-9spglmzf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-029434-9spglmzf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274694-kdsv7v8e author = Chathukulam, Jos title = The Kerala Model in the time of COVID19: rethinking State, Society and Democracy date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6370 sentences = 305 flesch = 54 summary = On the other hand, there are some relatively poor, so-called under-developed countries and regions, such as Vietnam (The Economist, 2020), Cambodia and the small state of Kerala in India (a state within a state) which have emerged as success stories with a record of early and effective interventions, of controlling the spread of the virus, healing the infected and reducing the death rate. We will especially focus on the state and Kerala's model of an effective and vibrant democracy and "public action" in the words of Dreze and Sen. We argue that while Kerala was blessed with good and efficient leaders during this crisis, the more important factors behind Kerala's success have been robust institutions of state and governance built over many years with the capacity to take timely and effective measures in handling the crisis. cache = ./cache/cord-274694-kdsv7v8e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274694-kdsv7v8e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252833-0lb60y12 author = Rusch, Valerie W. title = The American College of Surgeons Responds to COVID-19 date = 2020-07-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2420 sentences = 123 flesch = 44 summary = infections escalated exponentially across many areas of the US, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), the Surgeon General and the American College of Surgeons (ACS) recommended that hospitals and surgeons postpone non-urgent operations in order to provide care to COVID-19 patients. One of the first and most important ACS initiatives was the creation of guidelines for the selection of patients needing urgent operations (including some cancer procedures) during the immediate, temporary suspension of non-urgent surgery. Modeled on experience in South Texas and Washington state, the COT developed a guidance document for setting up a regional medical operations center and worked closely with the FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency) Healthcare Resilience Task Force to promote this approach and identify potential sources for funding. 23 Conclusions Through an intensive and cohesive group effort by ACS staff, leadership and Fellows, the College has successfully managed the unprecedented challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic and supported its members in continuing to provide high quality patient care. cache = ./cache/cord-252833-0lb60y12.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252833-0lb60y12.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275257-upj8mvzn author = Hwang, E. Shelley title = Surgical Oncologists and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Guiding Cancer Patients Effectively through Turbulence and Change date = 2020-06-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8495 sentences = 389 flesch = 40 summary = Perspectives are provided on: (1) maintaining a safe environment for surgical oncology care; (2) redirecting the multidisciplinary model to guide surgical decisions; (3) harnessing telemedicine to accommodate requisite physical distancing; (4) understanding interactions between SARS CoV-2 and cancer therapy; (5) considering the ethical impact of professional guidelines for surgery prioritization; and (6) advocating for our patients who require oncologic surgery in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. The panel provides perspectives on: (1) creating a safe environment for surgical oncology care, (2) redirecting the multidisciplinary model to guide surgical decisions, (3) harnessing telemedicine to accommodate requisite physical distancing, (4) understanding interactions between SARS CoV-2 and cancer therapy, (5) considering the ethical impact of professional guidelines for surgery prioritization, and (6) advocating for our patients who require oncologic surgery in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-275257-upj8mvzn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275257-upj8mvzn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-033481-3kxi7fd9 author = Baker, Joseph O title = Religion in the Age of Social Distancing: How COVID-19 Presents New Directions for Research date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5004 sentences = 216 flesch = 37 summary = In this brief note written during a global pandemic, we consider some of the important ways this historical moment is altering the religious landscape, aiming our investigative lens at how religious institutions, congregations, and individuals are affected by the social changes produced by COVID-19. The centrality of intensive interactive rituals for producing the communal benefits of religion (e.g., social support, emotional catharsis, perceived healing) ensures that there will be persistent tension between many religious groups' desire for in-person gatherings and the social distancing requirements necessary to limit the spread of COVID-19. Thinking about religion as the object of analysis and its role in disease transmission, a clear and consequential way that the pandemic has changed religion is the suspension of in-person religious gatherings, and the corresponding need to engage in "socially distanced" forms of interactive religious services and rituals. cache = ./cache/cord-033481-3kxi7fd9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-033481-3kxi7fd9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271362-qn5i6cdj author = Zheng, Lei title = Perceived Control Buffers the Effects of the COVID‐19 Pandemic on General Health and Life Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Psychological Distance date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5589 sentences = 282 flesch = 43 summary = According to the literature, high perceived control increases the psychological distance from a negative target (Han et al., 2018) , which may in turn help individuals in coping with the COVID-19 pandemic and further lead to high levels of perceived general health and life satisfaction. Next, the results of the mediation model showed that regional pandemic severity had a negative effect on the psychological distance from COVID-19 (B = À0.54, SE = 0.12, p < .001), which subsequently led to low levels of perceived general health (B = 0.06, SE = 0.01, p < .001) and life satisfaction (B = 0.15, SE = 0.02, p < .001). In particular, the regional pandemic severity adversely affects psychological distance when people have low perceived control, which in turn can lead to low levels of both life satisfaction and perceived general health. cache = ./cache/cord-271362-qn5i6cdj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271362-qn5i6cdj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-136421-hcj8jmbm author = Myers, Kyle R. title = Quantifying the Immediate Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Scientists date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7635 sentences = 366 flesch = 50 summary = Distributed in mid-April 2020, the survey solicited information about how scientists' work changed from the onset of the pandemic, how their research output might be affected in the near future, and a wide range of individuals' characteristics. Motivated by prior research on scientific productivity [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] , the survey solicited information about scientists' working hours, how this time is allocated across different tasks, and how these time allocations have changed since the onset of the pandemic. To decompose these changes, we compare scientists' reported time allocations across four broad categories of work: research (e.g., planning experiments, collecting or analyzing data, writing), fundraising (e.g., writing grant proposals), teaching, and all other tasks (e.g., administrative, editorial, or clinical duties). To untangle these factors, we use a Lasso regression approach to select amongst (1) a vector of field indicator variables, and (2) a vector of flexible transformations of demographic controls and pre-pandemic features (e.g., research funding level, time allocations before the pandemic). cache = ./cache/cord-136421-hcj8jmbm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-136421-hcj8jmbm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252675-axio9zna author = Van, Debbie title = University life and pandemic influenza: Attitudes and intended behaviour of staff and students towards pandemic (H1N1) 2009 date = 2010-03-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3252 sentences = 174 flesch = 47 summary = Through the use of an online survey, we aimed to measure the perceptions and responses of staff and students towards pandemic (H1N1) 2009 at a major university in Sydney, Australia. In Australia, the median age of confirmed cases is 21 years [2] Universities therefore have the potential to become explosive, centrifugal outbreak centres due to their large young adult population, high levels of close social contact and permeable boundaries. This survey was conducted to examine the understanding of and attitudes towards pandemic (H1N1) 2009 amongst students and staff at the University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia and their behavioural intentions during this pandemic. However in our study, few respondents had adopted the use of online teaching or learning resources as a result of pandemic influenza (H1N1). Of the participants surveyed, Asian-born respondents were the most likely to be anxious about the Australian pandemic situation, rate the situation as serious, undertake specific behavioural changes and comply with public health measures. cache = ./cache/cord-252675-axio9zna.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252675-axio9zna.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-006130-x8kl9bx4 author = Lee, Connal title = Ethics, Pandemic Planning and Communications date = 2014-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3681 sentences = 202 flesch = 49 summary = In the following sections, we argue for ethical pandemic communications that overcome barriers to accessing information and avoid inequalities imposed by current media arrangements. Addressing inequalities in access therefore requires making information directly accessible for the public and ensuring that information is sensitive to the varying needs and interests of different individuals and groups in society so that it is information that people have the capacity to act on. This is inadequate communication from an ethical point of view, as it places the burden of responsibility on individuals to access information.P In planning for a public health crisis such as a pandemic, there needs to be more than a formal capacity to access necessary information. 22 Given the potential for increased burden of disease amongst the disadvantaged, it may be particularly harmful for the effective implementation of pandemic plans if less well-off sections of the community and vulnerable groups are not given a voice through the media. cache = ./cache/cord-006130-x8kl9bx4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-006130-x8kl9bx4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-021175-0ikkl3hk author = Wilson, Christopher title = The new informatics of pandemic response: humanitarian technology, efficiency, and the subtle retreat of national agency date = 2018-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9219 sentences = 371 flesch = 26 summary = This model distinguishes between the use of digital communication tools for diagnostic, risk communication, and coordination activities and highlights how the influx of novel actors and tendencies towards digital and operational convergence risks focusing humanitarian action and decision-making outside national authorities' spheres of influence in pandemic response. Digital communications in Fast and Waugaman's case studies are leveraged to determine the way in which Ebola was spreading and the nature of risks posed by the pandemic, in order to coordinate activity among different types of response actors, including national authorities, international humanitarian aid workers and front-line health care providers, and in order to communicate with the general public regarding health risks and appropriate behavior to mitigate those risks. Firstly, social media and big data introduce promising new sources of information on which to base decision-making in pandemic response, but for whose meaningful use humanitarian organizations tend to lack the institutional and technical capacity, and national authorities even more so (Harvard Humanitarian Initiative 2011; Odugleh-Kolev 2014; Smith 2015; Read et al. cache = ./cache/cord-021175-0ikkl3hk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-021175-0ikkl3hk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-015646-tt2p9uue author = Xue, Lan title = Global Strategies and Response Measures to the Influenza A (H1N1) Pandemic date = 2018-11-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9336 sentences = 368 flesch = 37 summary = 20 In response to the ongoing global pandemic, the WHO stressed the importance for countries to carry out inoculations and to set forth three goals for their vaccination strategies, i.e. ensuring the normal operation of national healthcare systems, lowering morbidity and mortality, and minimizing possibilities of community-level outbreaks. In Australia, funds for prevention and control against Influenza A (H1N1) originated mainly from the federal government, which was used specifically for monitoring pandemic development, stockpiling and distributing antiviral drugs, training medical personnel, providing free vaccinations for citizens, and assisting developing countries with prevention and control efforts. The federal government spent 43 million USD on antiviral drugs, 1.4 million USD on the purchasing of automatic detection equipment for the National Influenza Center and other public health laboratories, 4 million USD on training general practitioners across the country, and 3 million USD on a donation to the WHO which was used in aiding developing countries, especially those neighboring Australia, with pandemic monitoring, detection, preparation and response. cache = ./cache/cord-015646-tt2p9uue.txt txt = ./txt/cord-015646-tt2p9uue.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-000262-4owsb0bg author = Leung, Gabriel M. title = Reflections on Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and the International Response date = 2010-10-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4616 sentences = 244 flesch = 43 summary = In settings like Hong Kong, with the infrastructure and resources to implement such measures and N Decisions regarding pandemic response during the exigencies of a public health emergency must be judged according to the best evidence available at the time. Reduce and delay community spread somewhat at the earliest stage to allow better preparation for mitigation response [15] Completely prevent entry of infected individuals due to suboptimal sensitivity and asymptomatic (including infected and within incubation period) or subclinical presentation [16] Many countries did not attempt these measures because of logistics, stage of pandemic [22] or other cost-benefit considerations [16] China Hong Kong SAR Japan Personal protective measures (e.g., face masks, hand hygiene, cough etiquette, early self-isolation when ill) Reduce risk of infection to self and close contacts (if self is ill and infected) [27, 28] Have not been evaluated whether they can provide significant populationlevel protection cache = ./cache/cord-000262-4owsb0bg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-000262-4owsb0bg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260585-ovmko655 author = Sherman, Allen C. title = Mental Health Outcomes Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic: Prevalence and Risk Factors in a Southern US State date = 2020-09-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4926 sentences = 205 flesch = 42 summary = In separate multivariable analyses that accounted for a number of demographic and pandemic-related covariates, individuals who reported greater pandemic-related disruption in daily life, and those with a prior history of mental health concerns, were more likely to screen positive for depressive, anxiety and trauma-related symptoms. We anticipated that heightened levels of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress would be associated with specific situational factors, including perceived viral exposure or infection, food and financial insecurity, reduced access to routine medical care, greater disruption in daily life, more stringent social distancing, and diminished daily structure. Preliminary bivariate analyses evaluated associations of elevated scores on the primary outcomes (i.e., scores above thresholds for depression, anxiety, and trauma) with demographic variables (e.g., age, ethnicity, gender, comorbidities) and situational risk factors (e.g., perceived exposure and infection, COVID-19 symptoms, food and financial insecurity, access to routine medical care, pandemic-related employment changes, illness or loss of loved ones, reduced daily structure, social activity, and disruption in daily activities,), using t-tests, or chi-square or Fisher Exact tests, as appropriate. cache = ./cache/cord-260585-ovmko655.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260585-ovmko655.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253102-z15j8izi author = Ross, Allen G.P. title = Planning for the Next Global Pandemic date = 2015-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2907 sentences = 171 flesch = 54 summary = The West African Ebola virus pandemic has shown us yet again that the world is ill prepared to respond to a global health emergency. The national health systems in West Africa, and for most low and middle income countries (LMICs), would not meet IHR standards (despite claims by some member WHA nations) and it is unlikely that following the Ebola pandemic much will change. This editorial discusses many issues including priority emerging and reemerging infectious diseases; the challenges of meeting international health regulations; the strengthening of global health systems; global pandemic funding; and the One Health approach to future pandemic planning. The PEF would 22 If the WHO contingency fund (100 million US dollars) and the World Bank pandemic emergency facility cannot be utilised to strengthen national health systems in LMICs in order to meet IHRs core capabilities, then how can this be achieved? cache = ./cache/cord-253102-z15j8izi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253102-z15j8izi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-143246-f97v2cih author = Paul, Aneesh Mathews title = Multifaceted COVID-19 Outbreak date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6063 sentences = 421 flesch = 60 summary = The time when everyone is struggling in the cruel hands of COVID19, we present the holistic view on the effects of this pandemic in certain aspects of life. Suicide rate has increased during the pandemic time [32] , [33] .The situation of COVID-19 has diverse effects in India [34] . Section II highlights the overall change in the education system during the COVID-19 season, and discusses the social and psychological impacts of the pandemic. Online learning is a new strategy embraced by the education system in this time of pandemic. We see a lot of unprecedented collaborative work globally among the educators [40] during this pandemic leading to a loss in the travel economy. The pandemic spread in various countries was sparked by religious gatherings as shown in Fig. 12 Religion and politics are a crucial part of life and COVID-19 has acquainted the human life without these jargon words. Online Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-143246-f97v2cih.txt txt = ./txt/cord-143246-f97v2cih.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-024134-ym7ce5ux author = Chawla, Sonam title = Preparing for the Perpetual Challenges of Pandemics of Coronavirus Infections with Special Focus on SARS-CoV-2 date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6803 sentences = 379 flesch = 39 summary = From a bird's eye view, the COVID-19 pandemic management relies on revolutionizing the disease surveillance by incorporating artificial intelligence and data analytics, boosting the response strategies—extensive testing, case isolation, contact tracing, and social distancing—and promoting awareness and access to pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions, which are discussed in the present chapter. MeSH database defines pandemics as-"Epidemics of infectious disease that have spread to many countries, often more than one continent, and usually affecting a large number of people." Such emergencies compromise human health, society, economics, and politics-a case in point: the COVID-19 pandemic is forecasted to cost the global economy one trillion US dollars (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/? • Healthcare workers and essential service providers • Groups at high risk of death and severe complications requiring hospitalization • Individuals (adults and children aged more than 6 months) in the community who have chronic cardiovascular, pulmonary, metabolic or renal disease, or are immunocompromised • Persons without risk factors for complications (https://www.who.int/csr/ resources/publications/influenza/11_29_01_A.pdf) cache = ./cache/cord-024134-ym7ce5ux.txt txt = ./txt/cord-024134-ym7ce5ux.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266440-69l9c3my author = Rochwerg, Bram title = Misinformation During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak: How Knowledge Emerges From Noise date = 2020-04-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3419 sentences = 158 flesch = 38 summary = This review summaries the many potential sources of information that clinicians turn to during pandemic illness, the challenges associated with performing methodologically sound research in this setting and potential approaching to conducting well done research during a health crisis. CONCLUSIONS: Pandemics and healthcare crises provide extraordinary opportunities for the rapid generation of reliable scientific information but also for misinformation, especially in the early phases, which may contribute to public hysteria. Major contributors to research delays include competing interests of investigators, regulatory barriers, time taken for protocol development, ethics approval, peer review and delays related to the publication process. Given the rapidity of new research data associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, the next question for bedside practitioners becomes which data are of sufficient quality and trustworthiness that it should inform clinical practice ( Table 1) . Pandemics and healthcare crises provide extraordinary opportunities for the rapid generation of reliable scientific information but also for misinformation, especially in the early phases, which may contribute to public hysteria. cache = ./cache/cord-266440-69l9c3my.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266440-69l9c3my.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255360-yjn24sja author = O'Connor, Daryl B. title = Research priorities for the COVID‐19 pandemic and beyond: A call to action for psychological science date = 2020-07-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11213 sentences = 501 flesch = 41 summary = The most pressing need is to research the negative biopsychosocial impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic to facilitate immediate and longer‐term recovery, not only in relation to mental health, but also in relation to behaviour change and adherence, work, education, children and families, physical health and the brain, and social cohesion and connectedness. Specifically, we have identified the shorter-and longerterm priorities around mental health, behaviour change and adherence, work, education, children and families, physical health and the brain, and social cohesion and connectedness in order to (1) frame the breadth and scope of potential contributions from across the discipline, (2) assist psychological scientists in focusing their resources on gaps in the literature, and (3) help funders and policymakers make informed decisions about the shorter-and longer-term COVID-19 research priorities to meet the needs of societies as they emerge from the acute phase of the crisis. cache = ./cache/cord-255360-yjn24sja.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255360-yjn24sja.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258410-ggrrbq5u author = Ganguly, Shuvadeep title = Teleconsultations and Shared Care in Pediatric Oncology During COVID-19 date = 2020-09-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1251 sentences = 62 flesch = 40 summary = Still, keeping in mind the immunosuppressive nature of anti-neoplastic therapy and our evolving understanding of the disease, pediatric oncology services have to tread carefully between treating cancer and limiting COVID-19 in this vulnerable population. With healthcare centres throughout the world grappling with COVID-19 pandemic with resource optimization, all aspects of cancer treatment were adversely affected, including ancillary services like blood product availability [2] . Over the course of last four months of this pandemic (April to July 2020), even with curtailing of healthcare services at our centre, 80 new cases (age ≤ 21 years) were registered and 39 children with acute leukemia and lymphoma were started on therapy. Managing pediatric cancer patients in COVID19 pandemic Chemotherapy adaptations in a referral tertiary care center in India for ongoing therapy of pediatric patients with solid tumors during COVID19 pandemic and lockdown. cache = ./cache/cord-258410-ggrrbq5u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258410-ggrrbq5u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-003571-upogtny6 author = Viboud, Cécile title = The 1918 Influenza Pandemic: Looking Back, Looking Forward date = 2018-10-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3831 sentences = 155 flesch = 41 summary = In the present commentary, we place these 12 articles in the context of a growing body of work on the archeo-epidemiology of past pandemics, the socioeconomic and geographic drivers of influenza mortality and natality impact, and renewed interest in immune imprinting mechanisms and the development of novel influenza vaccines. In the present commentary, we place these 12 articles in the context of a growing body of work on the archeo-epidemiology of past pandemics, the socioeconomic and geographic drivers of influenza mortality and natality impact, and renewed interest in immune imprinting mechanisms and the development of novel influenza vaccines. age patterns; history of epidemiology; influenza; mortality; pandemic; prior immunity One hundred years after the fact, the 1918 influenza pandemic remains one of the most important epidemics of the modern medical era; it was significant for its impact on both human health and the development of epidemiology and other medical sciences. cache = ./cache/cord-003571-upogtny6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-003571-upogtny6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269498-q63ce5pi author = Nicholas, David title = Pandemic planning in pediatric care: A website policy review and national survey data date = 2010-07-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4530 sentences = 236 flesch = 42 summary = Methods Online pandemic plans from national, provincial and territorial government websites were reviewed to identify: plans for children and families, and psychosocial and ethical issues. For example, there is still a need to address ethical concerns during a pandemic, for instance, governments may be required to infringe upon civil liberties to ensure infection control, and policy makers need to establish frameworks for decisionmaking to allocate scarce health care resources [6] . Survey participants included individuals with expertise in pediatric care and pandemic planning, including: (1) members of national, provincial and territorial pandemic influenza committees; (2) professionals working in infection control and pandemic planning; and (3) professionals working with children, youth and families in crisis. A review of the pandemic plans of the Public Health Agency of Canada, provincial and territorial governments has identified needs in pediatric planning. cache = ./cache/cord-269498-q63ce5pi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269498-q63ce5pi.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257684-4b66lenw author = Salenger, Rawn title = The Surge after the Surge: Cardiac Surgery post-COVID-19 date = 2020-05-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2921 sentences = 160 flesch = 48 summary = ABSTRACT Background The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically reduced adult cardiac surgery case volumes as institutions and surgeons curtail non-urgent operations. We investigated the impact of various levels of increased post-pandemic hospital operating capacity on the time to clear the backlog of deferred cases. Conclusions Cardiac surgical operating capacity during the COVID-19 recovery period will have a dramatic impact on the time to clear the deferred cases backlog. We investigated the impact of various levels of increased postpandemic hospital operating capacity on the time to clear the backlog of deferred cases. Cardiac surgical operating capacity during the COVID-19 recovery period will have a dramatic impact on the time to clear the deferred cases backlog. Next, we used our mathematical model to predict the number of cardiac surgery cases deferred during the pandemic, and the length of time required to operate on the backlog, dependent on the amount of increased operating capacity institutions could achieve. cache = ./cache/cord-257684-4b66lenw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257684-4b66lenw.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272653-01wck9f3 author = Isaacs, David title = Apocalypse perhaps date = 2020-08-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1894 sentences = 133 flesch = 59 summary = The exact starting date of the novel coronavirus pandemic COVID-19 will never be known, but China informed the World Health Organization (WHO) about the disease on New Year's Eve, 31 December 2019. Transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, was accelerated by traditional travel of 3 billion people for 40 days before the Chinese New Year on 25 January 2020. 2,3 When the Australian Chief Medical Officer activated the pandemic emergency response plan, weeks before the World Health Organization declared a pandemic, the Government was legally obliged to act. 12 The authors conclude that staff were being infected through community transmission and that PPE was effective in protecting front-line health-care workers. At a time when world leaders want to blame each other for aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic, the war metaphor is particularly menacing. Managing mental health challenges faced by healthcare workers during covid=19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-272653-01wck9f3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272653-01wck9f3.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-030909-6if3qquj author = nan title = Perspectives on the Economics of the Environment in the Shadow of Coronavirus date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 28248 sentences = 1347 flesch = 48 summary = Based on these points, it becomes clear that a green recovery plan with resources directed towards achieving the combined objective of both providing the necessary economic stimuli for recovery and also promoting the transition to a low-carbon economy and adaptation to climate change along with investment in natural capital and increase in comprehensive savings could be a feasible and efficient plan. The current global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions trajectory indicates that the world is likely to experience catastrophic consequences due to climate change, unless swift action is taken towards funding green solutions and the defunding of fossil fuel activities ( Given the ambition of the European Union to become a net zero-carbon economy by 2050 and the numerous calls to avoid the bailout and stimulus packages towards fossil fuel companies , we examine whether the features of the European Central Bank's (ECB) €1350 billion Pandemic Emergency Purchase Programme (PEPP) encourages the resilience of the incumbent fossil fuel sector, or whether it promotes the growth of the emerging low-carbon energy sector during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. cache = ./cache/cord-030909-6if3qquj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-030909-6if3qquj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259793-pue0mv99 author = Shamshiripour, Ali title = How is COVID-19 reshaping activity-travel behavior? Evidence from a comprehensive survey in Chicago date = 2020-09-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7748 sentences = 369 flesch = 53 summary = Combining stated preference (SP) and revealed preference (RP) methods, the survey was structured to collect information in three major categories: 1) socio-demographic details such as residential location, age, gender, race, as well as the economic factors including individual job categories and annual household income; 2) health-related factors such as weight and height, and physical exercise habits, as well as COVID-19 exposure risk factors such as having pre-existing medical conditions and being in close contact with a confirmed case; and 3) an extensive set of questions about people's attitudes and perceptions, habits, and daily activity-travel behavior. The previous sections discussed the dynamics of various aspects of activity-travel behavior and perceptions impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, and this section seeks to put the results into perspective for transportation planning and offer insights for future research. cache = ./cache/cord-259793-pue0mv99.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259793-pue0mv99.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-021146-wdnnjlcw author = Jandrić, Petar title = Postdigital Research in the Time of Covid-19 date = 2020-03-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2393 sentences = 121 flesch = 56 summary = Writing these words from home isolation in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic, it is hard not to overstate the viral nature of, and viral perspective to, our postdigital reality. Postdigital viral modernity is equally about biology, culture, and society; in the long run, humanity cannot defend itself from Covid-19 and create a better future without engaging all strata of the society. Therefore, it is crucial that academic researchers working in the humanities and social sciences immediately join the struggle against the pandemic. Instead, we should look into the strengths of our disciplinary knowledges and research methods to try and create opportunities to contribute to humanity's collective struggle against the Covid-19 pandemic and point towards more sustainable futures. Wearing my academic researcher hat, I am not ashamed of naivety of this paper-it honestly represents my current thoughts and feelings about the Covid-19 pandemic on 16 March 2020. cache = ./cache/cord-021146-wdnnjlcw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-021146-wdnnjlcw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-011757-11r3dnse author = van Wijhe, Maarten title = Loose Ends in the Epidemiology of the 1918 Pandemic: Explaining the Extreme Mortality Risk in Young Adults date = 2018-09-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4372 sentences = 225 flesch = 55 summary = We address the hypothesis of "original antigenic sin" (1)-that early childhood exposure may determine death risk during influenza pandemics encountered later in life-which may explain why some age cohorts fared differently in this pandemic. This hypothesis has brewed for some time (2) , and detailed analyses of 1918 data from Kentucky (3) as well as analysis of the dramatically different age patterns among victims of avian H5N1 and H7N9 influenza who were born before and after the 1968 pandemic (4-6) have brought new steam to this old question. To further investigate the age-related patterns of death rates and risk change points in 1918, we analyzed monthly all-cause and age-stratified mortality data from Copenhagen to address the antigenic sin hypothesis. So far, the observation that adults older than 45 years suffered no excess mortality in cities like New York City and in Copenhagen has been interpreted as evidence of "recycling" of the H1 antigen that age group had encountered during their childhood some 50 years earlier (18, 20) . cache = ./cache/cord-011757-11r3dnse.txt txt = ./txt/cord-011757-11r3dnse.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-027641-0ufwlw87 author = nan title = COVID-19 and social distancing date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1415 sentences = 87 flesch = 54 summary = In North America, the "apex" of the epidemic curve is still nowhere in sight but people draw solace from the fact that drastic public health measures in China and South Korea appear to have abated the escalation of number of cases and eventually signifi cantly reduced the incidence of new ones. Spurred by these experiences, Canada, like other countries, adopted social distancing as its most visible public health measure. This pandemic demonstrated once more that an essential target of our practices is to rebuild our patients' positive social connectedness with peer groups, families, worksites, and communities in general. 2 www.canadianjournalofaddiction.org 5 EDITORIAL (2) Isolation and testing-Every pandemic has its own characteristics and predictions can be diffi cult at the onset. In a few short weeks, we experienced a number of changes in the criteria for entering or leaving isolation, but the relative absence of screening tests and results awaiting 5 to 10 days led to a loss of valuable healthcare resources. cache = ./cache/cord-027641-0ufwlw87.txt txt = ./txt/cord-027641-0ufwlw87.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257706-as5yhroz author = Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto title = Mental health and the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 645 sentences = 35 flesch = 55 summary = That is how long the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic gave us to adapt individually, socially and professionally to a context never before experienced or even imagined, a scenario of high stress that has already changed our way of life and that of future generations. 1 describe, with historic and international vision of this and other pandemics, the experiences and action plans related to mental health services involved in responding to the diversity of needs generated. The term stress was first used to describe situations in which aggressive external factors trigger a physiological response and behavior to prepare the individual to cope with these E-mail address: benedicto.crespo.sspa@juntadeandalucia.es stimuli 2 . As individuals and society, we need to seek solutions to the external problem, but it is also fundamental to our mental health to be able to manage our distress and emotions in coping with this polyhedral stressor (even if we cannot do anything to change the situation) 5 . cache = ./cache/cord-257706-as5yhroz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257706-as5yhroz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-017008-c7skxte0 author = Méthot, Pierre-Olivier title = Emerging Disease and the Evolution of Virulence: The Case of the 1918–1919 Influenza Pandemic date = 2014-08-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 17589 sentences = 788 flesch = 49 summary = Next, we describe the biology of infl uenza viruses with a focus on the 1918-19 pandemics and we move on to the ecological-evolutionary explanations of its exceptional virulence, paying attention to the trade-off model, before turning to molecular 4 On the history, epistemology, and social aspects of the concept of emerging disease see Grmek ( 1993 ); Farmer ( 1996 ) , King ( 2004 ) ; and Weir and Mykhalovski ( 2010 ) . 6 Whereas the ecological (or exogenous) style focuses on processes (e.g. selective pressures, population density, within and between host competition, and so on) acting on the hosts and the pathogen, the molecular (or endogenous) style traces the evolutionary pathway, or patterns, of the infl uenza virus from animal(s) to man, and, by constructing molecular phylogenies, identifi es particular genes for pathogenesis and mutation sites within lineages. cache = ./cache/cord-017008-c7skxte0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-017008-c7skxte0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277107-gs7j6fxo author = Yamin, Mohammad title = Counting the cost of COVID-19 date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4178 sentences = 236 flesch = 64 summary = Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the name given by the World Health Organization (WHO) to the highly contagious and infectious disease caused by the Novel Corona Virus or SARS-CoV-2, which was first reported on 31 December 2019 in Wuhan city of the capital of China's Hubei province. In recent years we have witnessed an increased growth and spread of communicable and highly contagious viruses and diseases like EBOLA [3] , HIV Aids [4] , Swine Influenza (H1N1, H1N2) [5] , various strands of Flu [6] , Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) [7] and Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) [8] in Africa, the Middle East and several other parts of the world. The coronavirus disease COVID-19 is a highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ( Fig. 1) , which is resulting in a heavy toll on people's lives and colossal economic damage. cache = ./cache/cord-277107-gs7j6fxo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277107-gs7j6fxo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288818-6uvb4qsk author = Tanveer, Faouzia title = Ethics, pandemic and environment; looking at the future of low middle income countries date = 2020-10-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6998 sentences = 322 flesch = 45 summary = From the restrictions on public freedom and burgeoning socio-economic impacts to the rationing of scarce medical resources, the spread of COVID-19 is an extraordinary ethical dilemma for resource constrained nations with less developed health and research systems. International regimes are on high alert to stop its spread, however, as far as the global scenario is concerned, countries and governments are clueless in stopping the expanding pandemic as not much is known about SARS-CoV-2, while left only with implementing nationwide lock downs and curfews which opened new economic fronts and social challenges. COVID-19 has presented itself as a test case for the humanity in terms of global fraternity, decision making, technology and expertise sharing, rapid pandemic response mechanisms, stability, crises management and policy making. cache = ./cache/cord-288818-6uvb4qsk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288818-6uvb4qsk.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-030407-w4bl5fer author = Kvasnovsky, Charlotte title = Reply to letter to the editor date = 2020-08-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 154 sentences = 19 flesch = 67 summary = key: cord-030407-w4bl5fer authors: Kvasnovsky, Charlotte title: Reply to letter to the editor date: 2020-08-12 journal: J Pediatr Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2020.08.002 sha: doc_id: 30407 cord_uid: w4bl5fer nan To the Editor, We thank Dr. Ayesha Saleem and associates for sharing their experience. Unlike your findings, we and other researchers 1 did not find an increase in patients presenting with complicated appendicitis during the height of the pandemic, although these are admittedly all small studies. We agree that this pandemic has forced us all to be flexible and re-think our previous workflows. The long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patient care and research remains to be seen. Pre-existing disparities in access to quality care are being amplified by this pandemic. The resilience of our social safety nets will be tested in the months and years to come. The Decreasing Incidence of Acute Appendicitis During COVID-19: A Retrospective Multi-centre Study cache = ./cache/cord-030407-w4bl5fer.txt txt = ./txt/cord-030407-w4bl5fer.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254771-698gl09v author = Ferriss, J. Stuart title = Society of Gynecologic Oncology recommendations for fellowship education during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond: Innovating programs to optimize trainee success date = 2020-10-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7565 sentences = 407 flesch = 43 summary = title: Society of Gynecologic Oncology recommendations for fellowship education during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond: Innovating programs to optimize trainee success Fellowship education programs in gynecologic oncology have quickly adapted to the "new normal" of social distancing using video conferencing platforms to continue clinical and didactic teaching. Fellowship education programs in gynecologic oncology have quickly adapted to the "new normal" of social distancing using video conferencing platforms to continue clinical and didactic teaching. This paper summarizes the changes that have taken place in fellowship education at the beginning of the pandemic and provides resources and recommendations for fellows, faculty, and program directors moving forward. These realities create new challenges in gynecologic oncology training, yet programs have an opportunity to design and implement competence-based assessment of surgical milestones. GYOEDU (www.gyoedu.org) is a free, collaborative effort to pool fellowship program resources and has resulted in a robust and evolving educational repository, including live and pre-recorded video-based lectures, study summaries, and clinical trial timelines, as well as a planned question bank. cache = ./cache/cord-254771-698gl09v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254771-698gl09v.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289919-iqa5pxda author = Deng, Shichang title = Perceived Severity of COVID-19 and Post-pandemic Consumption Willingness: The Roles of Boredom and Sensation-Seeking date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6547 sentences = 357 flesch = 51 summary = Study 1 surveyed 1464 Chinese people in March 2020, found the perceived severity of COVID-19 during the pandemic significantly increased the willingness to consume post-pandemic, and boredom stemming from limited activities and sensation-seeking expressions mediated this effect. We suggest that after the COVID-19 pandemic is effectively controlled, people are highly likely to engage in a variety of consumption activities precisely because shopping is a complex stimulus that can relieve consumers' boredom state (Sundström et al., 2019) and satisfy their sensation-seeking needs (Punj, 2011; Deng and Gao, 2015) . Study 1 aims to use the questionnaire modeling method to test H1 and H2 (i.e., whether perceived severity of COVID-19 increased ones' post-pandemic consumption willingness through the mediating roles of boredom from limited activities and sensation-seeking expressions). cache = ./cache/cord-289919-iqa5pxda.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289919-iqa5pxda.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264974-hspek930 author = Timmis, Kenneth title = The COVID‐19 pandemic: some lessons learned about crisis preparedness and management, and the need for international benchmarking to reduce deficits date = 2020-05-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7222 sentences = 275 flesch = 35 summary = If, despite the explicit warning of the World Health Organization in 2011 that 'The world is ill-prepared to respond to a severe influenza pandemic or to any similarly global, sustained and threatening public-health emergency' (https://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA64/A64_10en.pdf), it was not apparent to those in charge, and to the general public-i.e., those suffering from COVID-19 infections and the funders of health services (tax/insurance payers)-that existing health systems had inherent vulnerabilities which could prove to be devastating when seriously stressed, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (e.g., see Brüssow, 2020 ) has brutally exposed it now. International benchmarking is mandatory, because it has become clear that there is a wide range of effectiveness in the ability of different countries with developed economies to respond to this crisis (and probably others), and the tax-paying public has no compelling reason to tolerate perpetuation of factors underlying poor responses to crises. cache = ./cache/cord-264974-hspek930.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264974-hspek930.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290471-xg9d4dex author = Coleman, Brian C title = Adapting to disruption of research during the COVID-19 pandemic while testing nonpharmacological approaches to pain management date = 2020-09-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3971 sentences = 166 flesch = 35 summary = Sudden changes in the delivery of pain management interventions will probably alter treatment effects measured via PMC PCTs. Through the use of harmonized instruments and surveys, we are capturing these changes and plan to monitor the impact on research practices, as well as on health outcomes. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Department of Defense (DoD) Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Pain Management Collaboratory (PMC) is currently supporting 11 large-scale, multisite, embedded pragmatic clinical trials (PCTs) in military and veteran health systems to evaluate nonpharmacological approaches and integrated pain care models to manage pain and important comorbidities [12] . The rapidly evolving pandemic brought heightened focus of frequent PMC Work Group discussions, which unearthed both immediate and longer-term issues related to effects of the pandemic on the management of chronic pain and our ability to test and deliver integrated care solutions to individuals in at-risk military and veteran populations. cache = ./cache/cord-290471-xg9d4dex.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290471-xg9d4dex.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-001521-l36f1gp7 author = nan title = Oral and Poster Manuscripts date = 2011-04-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 183363 sentences = 11362 flesch = 53 summary = The IC 50 values determined in functional NI assays provide valuable information for detection of resistant viruses, but should not be used to draw direct correlations with drug concentrations needed to inhibit virus replication in the infected human host, as clinical data to support such inferences are inadequate. • Standardized reagents and protocols • Choice of detection technology • Simple instrumentation requirements • High sensitivity for use with low virus concentrations • Compatibility with batch-mode processing and largescale assay throughput • Broad specificity of influenza detection • Flexibility in assay format • Additional NA assay applications -cell-based viral assays, screening for new NIs, detection of NA from other organisms Functional neuraminidase inhibition assays enable detection of any resistance mutation and are extremely important in conjunction with sequence-based screening assays for global monitoring of virus isolates for NI resistance mutations, including known and new mutations. Such new assays need to include methods to measure local antibodies and virus-specific lymphocytes, especially in the case of live attenuated influenza vaccines, because of their potential to induce such broad-based immune responses. cache = ./cache/cord-001521-l36f1gp7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-001521-l36f1gp7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293822-axr9qu58 author = Rolland, John S. title = COVID‐19 Pandemic: Applying a Multi‐Systemic Lens date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6469 sentences = 360 flesch = 48 summary = Highlighting the pattern of psychosocial issues of COVID‐19 over time, discussion emphasizes the evolving interplay of larger systems public health pandemic challenges and mitigation strategies with individual and family processes. The paper addresses issues of coping with myriad Covid‐19 uncertainties in the initial crisis wave and evolving phases of the pandemic in the context of individual and family development, pre‐existing illness or disability, and racial and socioeconomic disparities. In addition to communication processes and organizational/structural patterns, particular emphasis includes: family and individual life course development in relation to the time phases of a disorder; multigenerational legacies related to illness and loss; and belief systems (including influences of culture, ethnicity, race, spirituality, and gender) (Figure 1 ). As the pandemic continues to evolve, these discussions will need to be revisited -relating to new COVID-19 data and to changing family circumstances, such as life cycle transitions or altered economic and health status. cache = ./cache/cord-293822-axr9qu58.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293822-axr9qu58.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293722-3b1hijhv author = Moriarty, Andrew K. title = What Might Your Practice Look Like Post-Peak COVID-19? date = 2020-06-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1522 sentences = 70 flesch = 39 summary = The ACR Commission on General, Small, Emergency and/or Rural Practice (GSER) organized a panel to discuss the response of several different types of radiology practices to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and planning for the resumption of services across multiple practice settings [ 1 ]. The presenters share their unique practice responses and future outlooks based on the most currently available knowledge at the time while planning initial stages of recovery during the rapidly evolving COVID-19 pandemic. Initial response, recruitment, and future imaging volumes Multiple panelists commented that current recruitment efforts and service expansion plans would be paused or significantly reconsidered as practices tried to model future volumes and different scenarios for staged recovery. Leaders representing a diverse group of practices in the general, small and rural community, critical access hospitals, a community division of a large academic institution, a national radiology practice, and a teleradiology practice provide different perspectives on the immediate post-recovery phase for radiology. cache = ./cache/cord-293722-3b1hijhv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293722-3b1hijhv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292502-m76rne1l author = Cheema, S. title = The COVID-19 pandemic: the public health reality date = 2020-09-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2728 sentences = 129 flesch = 48 summary = Undeniably, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in loss of human life; it has wreaked havoc on healthcare systems worldwide, highlighting inequities in healthcare availability and access; it has resulted in drastic public health measures in most countries of the world. Here, we present data that pose questions on the magnitude of attention that the COVID-19 pandemic has garnered compared to other public health issues that are in dire need of prevention and response. The loss of income is likely to result in an increase of adverse health outcomes for many of the individuals affected, and the overall economic crisis will negatively impact the ability of entire countries to provide effective healthcare to their citizens. Hence, we believe that the mortality and disease burden during and after the COVID-19 pandemic due to the social and economic consequences of the preventive measures and other factors can be substantially high. cache = ./cache/cord-292502-m76rne1l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292502-m76rne1l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300396-kea01a27 author = Sharpe, Richard E title = Special Report of the RSNA COVID-19 Task Force: The Short- and Long-Term Financial Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Private Radiology Practices date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3540 sentences = 225 flesch = 46 summary = The resulting reduction in demand for imaging services had an abrupt and substantial impact on private radiology practices, which are heavily dependent on examination volumes for practice revenues. The goal of this article is to describe the specific experiences of radiologists working in various types of private radiology practices during the initial peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Private practices have crafted tiered strategies to respond to the impact of the pandemic by pulling various cost levers to adjust service availability, staffing, compensation, benefits, time off, and expense reductions. Private practice radiology groups were especially vulnerable to abrupt financial losses as demand for imaging services greatly declined during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) pandemic. After reflecting on their values and priorities, private radiology practices crafted tiered strategies to respond to the impact of the pandemic by pulling various cost levers to adjust service availability, staffing, compensation, benefits, time off, and expense reductions. cache = ./cache/cord-300396-kea01a27.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300396-kea01a27.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307673-ekajojon author = Kaukinen, Catherine title = When Stay-at-Home Orders Leave Victims Unsafe at Home: Exploring the Risk and Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence during the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-06-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6130 sentences = 221 flesch = 43 summary = The short-and longterm health consequences of COVID-19, stay-at-home orders and social distancing measures, family isolation, and the economic impacts of the pandemic are likely to impact both women's experience of IPV and their ability to navigate ending these violent relationships, and potentially reverse the declining trend in IPV. Mazza, Maranoa, Laib, Janiria, and Sania (2020) have suggested that COVID-19 stay-at-home orders and social distancing will likely lead to a woman's home becoming one of the most dangerous places for IPV victims due in large part to the requirement to quarantine day-after-day with their violent and abusive partner with limited access to those that might provide care and assistance. In looking at the way in which the COVID-19 pandemic is likely to shape the incidence, prevalence, and impact of IPV it is important to note that scholars have explored how past natural disasters and epidemics have shaped trends in rates of violence, impacted the health and well-being of IPV victims, but also exacerbated the factors associated with violent behaviors and victimization. cache = ./cache/cord-307673-ekajojon.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307673-ekajojon.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301264-lkfhtb1w author = Davahli, Mohammad Reza title = The Hospitality Industry in the Face of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Current Topics and Research Methods date = 2020-10-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7860 sentences = 418 flesch = 41 summary = The reviewed articles focused on different aspects of the hospitality industry, including hospitality workers' issues, loss of jobs, revenue impact, the COVID-19 spreading patterns in the industry, market demand, prospects for recovery of the hospitality industry, safety and health, travel behavior, and preference of customers. The reported approaches include simulation and scenario modeling for discovering the COVID-19 spreading patterns, field surveys, secondary data analysis, discussing the resumption of activities during and after the pandemic, comparing the COVID-19 pandemic with previous public health crises, and measuring the impact of the pandemic in terms of economics. The studies reported impacts of the pandemic on different aspects of the hospitality industry, including job loss, revenue losses, access to loans, market demand, emerging new markets, hostile behaviors towards foreigners, and issues of hospitality workers and hotel cleaners. cache = ./cache/cord-301264-lkfhtb1w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301264-lkfhtb1w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292929-s8pnm9wv author = Ashikalli, Louicia title = The indirect impact of COVID-19 on child health date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4936 sentences = 256 flesch = 52 summary = It explores the physical and psychological effects, discusses the role of parenting and education, offering practical advice about how best to provide support as a health care professional. Whilst initial data does not suggest that children with comorbidities are at particularly increased risk of severe COVID-19 disease (12) (13) (14) , the challenge of maintaining a good continuity of care for existing patients and adequate diagnostic care for children presenting for the first time remains. At the start of this pandemic in the UK the advice given to the families with children with many chronic diseases was to shield the whole household to prevent the risk of severe illness. The absence of mental health services during previous pandemics increased the risk of psychological distress to those affected (30) . Large organisations such as UNICEF have provided online documents to help teenagers protect their mental health during the pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-292929-s8pnm9wv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292929-s8pnm9wv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302421-tvy7uo7u author = Brock, Rebecca L. title = Family Science in the Context of the COVID‐19 Pandemic: Solutions and New Directions date = 2020-07-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5238 sentences = 257 flesch = 41 summary = The primary aims of this article were to (a) present a range of potential solutions to problems threatening the rigor of ongoing research and (b) propose new directions in family science aimed at understanding how families adapt to change and adversity arising from the pandemic. An example with particular relevance to family science is the Two-Method Missing Design, an approach used when there is a gold standard measure of a construct (e.g., behavioral observations of family interactions) that cannot be administered to all participants due to time, money, resources, or, in the case of COVID-19, social distancing guidelines. Drawing on past research and theory, we can investigate the specific impact of the stress and adversity arising from COVID-19 on individual mental health and family functioning and identify modifiable risk and resiliency factors to target in interventions. In the absence of ongoing longitudinal studies, the COVID-19 pandemic presents another avenue for family scientists to pursue new research on the impact of stress and adversity on family functioning. cache = ./cache/cord-302421-tvy7uo7u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302421-tvy7uo7u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298156-d0pb1kik author = Cheval, Sorin title = Observed and Potential Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Environment date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11027 sentences = 569 flesch = 47 summary = Consequently, by the end of April 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to numerous environmental impacts, both positive such as enhanced air and water quality in urban areas, and negative, such as shoreline pollution due to the disposal of sanitary consumables. The concept of disaster has evolved over time, and here we use an adapted Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) definition: a disaster is an event, which severely alters the functioning of a community due to hazardous physical, biological or human related impacts leading to widespread adverse effects on multiple scales and systems (environment, economic, social). While negative impacts on the economy and society in general are probably huge, it is very likely that the global-scale reduction of economic activities due to the COVID-19 crisis triggers a lot of sensible improvements in environmental quality and climatic systems. cache = ./cache/cord-298156-d0pb1kik.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298156-d0pb1kik.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298475-3bhiattk author = Farmaki, Anna title = Impacts of Covid-19 on peer-to-peer accommodation platforms: Host perceptions and responses date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9838 sentences = 462 flesch = 48 summary = The peer-to-peer (P2P) accommodation sector has attempted to follow suit, with platforms such as Airbnb and Booking.com responding to the effects of Covid-19 in numerous ways. In recent years changes have been observed in the P2P accommodation sector as the growth of certain platforms (i.e. Airbnb) and the competition among hosts has led to the adoption of professional hospitality standards (Farmaki and Kaniadakis, 2020; . Within this type of hosts, we also identified participants that were previously involved in long-term renting; yet, they decided to switch to short-term rentals via P2P accommodation platforms as their popularity grew, allowing them to earn more money. Overall, five types of hosts were identified and categorised on a continuum (figure 1) according to their long-term perspective (i.e. decision to continue hosting on P2P accommodation platforms) and level of practice adjustment. cache = ./cache/cord-298475-3bhiattk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298475-3bhiattk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296493-l437zwvt author = Lumpkin, Murray M title = Pandemic Best Regulatory Practices: An Urgent Need in the Covid‐19 Pandemic date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1793 sentences = 96 flesch = 43 summary = As large numbers of candidate drugs and vaccines for potential use in the Covid‐19 pandemic are investigated, medicines regulators globally must now make urgent, informed, contextually risk‐based decisions regarding clinical trials and marketing authorizations. As large numbers of candidate drugs and vaccines for potential use in the Covid-19 pandemic are investigated, medicines regulators globally must now make urgent, informed, contextually riskbased decisions regarding clinical trials and marketing authorizations. We lay out the critical role of regulators in the current crisis and offer eight "pandemic best regulatory practices." These should support both the regulatory public heath imperative and assure timely patient access to effective, safe, quality products worldwide during this emergencythus contributing to ending this pandemic as quickly, effectively, and safely as possible. There is pressure on the world's leading national regulatory authorities (NRAs) for medicines and medical devices to take urgent, informed, contextually risk-based decisions regarding clinical trials authorizations, emergency use authorizations, site inspections, and post-authorization commitments. cache = ./cache/cord-296493-l437zwvt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296493-l437zwvt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296992-2vp35fwv author = Simonsen, Lone title = Using Clinical Research Networks to Assess Severity of an Emerging Influenza Pandemic date = 2018-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3968 sentences = 187 flesch = 44 summary = We retrospectively investigated how to use data from the International Network for Strategic Initiatives in Global HIV Trials, a global clinical influenza research network, to make more accurate case fatality ratio (CFR) estimates early in a future pandemic, an essential part of pandemic response. Since 2009, INSIGHT has undertaken 2 cohort studies-1 outpatient (FLU002) and 1 inpatient (FLU003)-specifically to address gaps in clinical research on the emerging influenza pandemic, including factors linked to disease progression and severe outcomes [24] . To underscore the importance of having baseline data, we compared the estimated pH1N1 clinical severity to that of seasonal influenza types and subtypes and noninfluenza respiratory patients in the post-pandemic period (2012) (2013) (2014) (2015) . Our analysis combining data from inpatient and outpatient INSIGHT cohorts demonstrates how preestablished global research networks could immediately begin rigorous studies to estimate the CFR, a key parameter of clinical severity of an emerging pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-296992-2vp35fwv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296992-2vp35fwv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299613-5ju5fcf4 author = Arthi, Vellore title = Disease, downturns, and wellbeing: Economic history and the long-run impacts of COVID-19 date = 2020-11-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 17509 sentences = 810 flesch = 48 summary = In this paper, we review the evidence on the long-run effects on health, labor, and human capital of both historical pandemics (with a focus on the 1918 Influenza Pandemic) and historical recessions (with a focus on the Great Depression). Thus, a historical perspective allows us to use rich data to look at not only the short-term effects of crises like COVID-19 on health, labor, and human capital, but also the long-term and intergenerational impacts along these dimensions for both individuals and the wider economy. To examine how history can inform our view of the coronavirus pandemic and associated policy responses as they relate to long-run wellbeing, we begin in Section II by reviewing the features of COVID-19 that will determine its potential health and economic impacts, and placing these features in historical context. cache = ./cache/cord-299613-5ju5fcf4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299613-5ju5fcf4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302859-dc26tyu2 author = Zahid, Marij title = Effects of coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on orthopedic residency program in the seventh largest city of the world: Recommendations from a resource-constrained setting date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1076 sentences = 61 flesch = 61 summary = title: Effects of coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on orthopedic residency program in the seventh largest city of the world: Recommendations from a resource-constrained setting In this article we share our experience of effect of COVID-19 pandemic 10 on our orthopedic residency program and how we coped along with it. In this article we share our experience of effect of COVID-19 pandemic 10 on our orthopedic residency program and how we coped along with it. We also discussed some 11 way forwards in the article 12 Keywords: 13 Coronavirus; quarantine; orthopedic surgeons; pandemics; medical education 14 2 Introduction: 15 Since the inception of novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China, the global situation has changed 16 dramatically in every sector of life. We in this 50 article share our experience of orthopedic residency program in an urban tertiary care center and 51 delineate our division of work force during this pandemic and propose few recommendations. cache = ./cache/cord-302859-dc26tyu2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302859-dc26tyu2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310182-muybvyqa author = Fan, Victoria Y title = Pandemic risk: how large are the expected losses? date = 2018-02-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4313 sentences = 273 flesch = 56 summary = Most previous economic studies on global influenza pandemics have focused on income losses, through reductions in the size of the labour force and productivity, increases in absenteeism and, importantly, as the result of individual and social measures that interrupt transmission, but disrupt economic activity. 2, 27 Beyond influenza, the value of mortality risks has been included in estimating the costs of vaccine-preventable diseases 28 and in evaluating the economic burdens posed by rheumatic heart disease. Given the uncertain nature of an influenza pandemic, in terms of both when it may occur and how large the mortality risks will be, we applied an expected-loss framework that accounts for the uncertainty over a long period of time. 46, 48 As in many previous attempts to estimate the economic losses associated with a pandemic, many previous attempts to estimate the social costs of carbon have focused on national income accounts, without any explicit valuation of the increases in mortality resulting from climate change. cache = ./cache/cord-310182-muybvyqa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310182-muybvyqa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314188-q8pxpw1f author = Bradshaw, Ralph A. title = On pandemics, pandemonium, and possibilities… date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1301 sentences = 57 flesch = 57 summary = The possibilities that could emerge after the pandemic has wound down are truly unique-a potential watershed moment for science, sparked by a new focus on science teaching and training, and by investments in basic and applied research (including science policy), that could better prepare governments and the citizenry for existential threats in the future: pandemics, climate change, food production, etc. While the management of the 1918-19 flu was hampered by a complete lack of knowledge of the causative agent or how to test for it, 1 the identification and a complete structural analyses of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus 2 occurred very rapidly after the onset of the pandemic in December 2019, and assays of different types for it were developed in just weeks, 3 albeit making these tests widely available has been a major challenge (but this is a political not a medical problem). cache = ./cache/cord-314188-q8pxpw1f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314188-q8pxpw1f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294772-nma7w7of author = de Oliveira Collet, Giulia title = COVID-19 pandemic and pediatric dentistry: fear, eating habits and parent’s oral health perceptions date = 2020-09-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3582 sentences = 220 flesch = 61 summary = title: COVID-19 pandemic and pediatric dentistry: fear, eating habits and parent's oral health perceptions The questions addressed topics regarding changes in daily routine, dietary habits, fear level, oral health, and variation of income during the pandemic. The changes in diet, economic issues, general concerns, fear, added to the lack of preventive dental care, could impact the oral health of children during the enforced stay-at-home orders. Thus, this study aimed to assess the fear level, dietary choices and parent's oral health perceptions during the stay-at-home orders period in Brazil. Regarding oral health, 24.4% of parents/caregivers reported their children were undergoing dental treatment before the pandemic. Association was found among parents/caregivers' willingness to take their children to dental appointments, fear level (p<0.001), and the local number of COVID-19 cases (p<0.001) ( Table 4) . The present study concluded that the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the eating habits and dental care of children in Brazil. cache = ./cache/cord-294772-nma7w7of.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294772-nma7w7of.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307690-1qqyixun author = Preti, Emanuele title = Personality Disorders in Time of Pandemic date = 2020-11-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5275 sentences = 258 flesch = 33 summary = Considering the paucity of studies on this topic, after a description of the main features of PDs, on the basis of the current literature on pandemic and quarantine mental health impact, we aim at tracing some clinical hypotheses on the negative psychological effects of pandemic situations in people with PDs. Furthermore, we aim at investigating the role of personality pathology in compliance with mitigation-related behaviors. Considering the paucity of studies on this topic, we adopted the following steps in the description of results: (1) we provided a description of the main features of PDs for each cluster; (2) we mentioned the main literature investigating the association between PDs of each cluster and other psychiatric disorders; (3) on the basis of the literature on pandemic (e.g., [4••] ) and quarantine (e.g., [1••] ) mental health impact, we hypothesized a plausible relation between PDs of each cluster and specific psychological/psychiatric outcomes, as well as problems in compliance with mitigation measures. cache = ./cache/cord-307690-1qqyixun.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307690-1qqyixun.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301463-jzke8fop author = Hollingsworth, T. Déirdre title = Mitigation Strategies for Pandemic Influenza A: Balancing Conflicting Policy Objectives date = 2011-02-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7613 sentences = 335 flesch = 43 summary = National pandemic influenza plans rarely contain clear statements of policy objectives or prioritization of potentially conflicting aims, such as minimizing mortality (depending on the severity of a pandemic) or peak prevalence or limiting the socio-economic burden of contact-reducing interventions. We use epidemiological models of influenza A to investigate how contact-reducing interventions and availability of antiviral drugs or pre-pandemic vaccines contribute to achieving particular policy objectives. Studies have shown that during the 1918-19 influenza pandemic public health control strategies and changes in population contact rates lowered transmission rates and reduced mortality and case numbers [22, 23] . In this paper we consider the effectiveness of contact-reducing interventions during the first six months after the initial cases, before a pandemic vaccine is available, and evaluate optimum interventions for a range of policy objectives or constraints, such as a limited stockpile of treatments or non-specific vaccine. cache = ./cache/cord-301463-jzke8fop.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301463-jzke8fop.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316073-zm3ih55y author = Gani, Raymond title = Potential Impact of Antiviral Drug Use during Influenza Pandemic date = 2005-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4269 sentences = 195 flesch = 48 summary = Our models focused on using NIs to treat different age and risk groups and the potential effects treatment might have on influenza hospitalizations. The effect of different treatment strategies on hospitalization rates was generated from the baseline scenario: treating all patients, only at-risk groups, only children and the elderly (1-14 and >65 years of age), and only the working population (15-64 years of age). The results ( Figure 3B) show that a 20%-25% antiviral stockpile would be sufficient to treat all patients during the first wave, a figure that is larger than that seen for the baseline scenario, as both the clinical and serologic clinical attack rates were higher. For the 1968 pandemic, the effects of the different antiviral targeting strategies were different than in the previous scenarios as a result of the different age-specific attack rates, which are shifted more towards the working population (Table 2) . cache = ./cache/cord-316073-zm3ih55y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316073-zm3ih55y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314443-qeuvymu8 author = Banai, Reza title = Pandemic and the planning of resilient cities and regions date = 2020-09-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5668 sentences = 262 flesch = 44 summary = Concomitantly, city and regional planning and design theories, concepts, regulations, and practices emerge historically in response to public health crises, including pandemics, pollution with rapid industrialization, congestion with urbanization, and loss of green space in cities. The holistic concept of the metropolitan region that highlights the functional links among urban and regional economies also reveals the strengths and limits of the urban system, and thereby informs the comprehensive city plan's objectives of enhancing sustainability and resilience of the built and natural environments of climate change. The method of the approach and presentation of this paper is comparative by juxtaposing the pandemics of climate change and coronavirus, and through a historical and critical review and synthesis of the durable concepts of the urban system at the kernel of the theories and practices of urbanism expansively, from rooftop to the region, highlighted by place matters, cyberspace, density, access, and the city-region. cache = ./cache/cord-314443-qeuvymu8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314443-qeuvymu8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294636-xes8g0x4 author = Brindle, Mary E. title = Approaching Surgical Triage During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-05-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2133 sentences = 134 flesch = 50 summary = The harm caused by failure to modify the surgery schedule has been clearly demonstrated in countries like China where ongoing elective operations and nonessential clinic visits contributed to early rates of in-hospital COVID-19 transmission 2 ; and from Italy where resources consumed through elective surgery including personal protective equipment left health care workers vulnerable when the pandemic crested. Although nonoperative care of appendicitis may have a failure rate between 14 and 30%, the majority of patients will get out of hospital without surgery and will not consume the human and material resources that are most needed in COVID-19 management. 9. COVID-19 surgical care pathways and a COVID-19 Operating room will need to be maintained after the peak of the pandemic has passed as patients with COVID-19 will continue to present with conditions requiring surgery. cache = ./cache/cord-294636-xes8g0x4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294636-xes8g0x4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309751-7elnvjk3 author = Abdelnasser, Mohammad Kamal title = COVID-19. An update for orthopedic surgeons date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5222 sentences = 342 flesch = 47 summary = The resultant information was organized under 5 main headings; the impact of pandemic on the orthopedic practice, COVID-19 and the trauma patient, elective and emergency surgeries during the pandemic, peri-operative management of the patient with COVID-19, Miscellaneous effects of the pandemic such as those on training programs and the evolution of telemedicine. Relevant information was digested and organized under 5 main headings; the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the orthopedic practice, COVID-19 and the trauma patient, elective and emergency surgeries during the pandemic, perioperative management of the patient with COVID-19, Miscellaneous effects of the pandemic such as those on training programs and the evolution of telemedicine. Guidelines for ambulatory surgery centers for the care of surgically necessary/time-sensitive orthopaedic cases during the COVID-19 pandemic Perioperative considerations in urgent surgical care of suspected and confirmed COVID-19 orthopedic patients: Operating rooms protocols and recommendations in the current COVID-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-309751-7elnvjk3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309751-7elnvjk3.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306958-8bx8kxxh author = Christensen, Sarah R. title = Political and personal reactions to COVID-19 during initial weeks of social distancing in the United States date = 2020-09-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4271 sentences = 223 flesch = 45 summary = This study examines individual attitudes, behaviors, anxieties, mental health impacts, and knowledge early in the pandemic response, as well as those outcomes by sociodemographic characteristics and political ideology. Four items asked respondents to indicate agreement on a 7-point scale that "events related to COVID-19 had interrupted" their social life, home life, work or vocational life, and/or hurt their mental health. Chi-square, t, and F tests were used to examine the influence of demographic characteristics, political ideology, and mental health on attitudes, knowledge, anxieties, behavior change, and impact variables. Initial covariate selection included all variables that were significant (p <0.05) in bivariate tests, including: political ideology, bias score for consumed news media, attitudes toward global warming and vaccination, sex, race, poverty level, and education. In the adjusted logistic regression model ( Table 2 ) liberals had 5.7 (95%CI: 3.3-9.7) and moderates had 2.5 (95%CI 1.5-4.3) times the odds of responding that the government had not done enough in response to COVID-19 compared to conservatives. cache = ./cache/cord-306958-8bx8kxxh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306958-8bx8kxxh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304802-44m7u1oz author = Settersten, Richard A. title = Understanding the Effects of COVID-19 Through a Life Course Lens date = 2020-07-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11405 sentences = 454 flesch = 45 summary = We explore the pandemic's implications for the organization and experience of life transitions and trajectories within and across central domains: health, personal control and planning, social relationships and family, education, work and careers, and migration and mobility. Because Covid-19 is a viral pandemic, we begin with its implications for health and then turn to matters of personal control and planning, social relationships and family, education, work and careers, and migration and mobility. In many countries, there have been increases in volunteering or helping others, especially The greater uncertainty created by the pandemic over the short and long term is likely to have somewhat different effects by age, social class, gender, and race/ethnicity and be modified by a country's welfare system and the emergency interventions of its institutions. cache = ./cache/cord-304802-44m7u1oz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304802-44m7u1oz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312461-5qzpo6l1 author = Adalja, Amesh A. title = Characteristics of Microbes Most Likely to Cause Pandemics and Global Catastrophes date = 2019-08-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6830 sentences = 290 flesch = 40 summary = A substantial proportion of pandemic and biological threat preparedness activities have focused on list-based approaches that were in part based on pandemic influenzas of the past, historical biological weapon development programs, or recent outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases (e.g., SARS, MERS, Ebola) (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2017; Casadevall and Relman 2010) . Cultivating and maintaining expertise in the epidemiology, surveillance, and pathogenicity of all classes of microbes, with explicit incorporation of a One Health approach-which incorporates and integrates information from infectious diseases of plants, amphibians, and reptiles-will help foster the broad capacities needed for emerging pandemic and global catastrophic biological risks. Pathogen-based lists, both USA and global, based on influenza precedents, historical biological weapon programs, and emerging infectious diseases were responsible for galvanizing early activities in the field of pandemic preparedness and have helped drive many important contributions. cache = ./cache/cord-312461-5qzpo6l1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312461-5qzpo6l1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300183-z3fwtwqb author = Ahmed, Taha title = Community and healthcare system-related factors feeding the phenomenon of evading medical attention for time-dependent emergencies during COVID-19 crisis date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3444 sentences = 214 flesch = 50 summary = Moreover, a comprehensive review of literature is performed to illustrate the potential factors delaying and decreasing timely presentations and interventions for time-dependent medical emergencies like ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Moreover, a comprehensive review of literature is performed to illustrate the potential factors delaying and decreasing timely presentations and interventions for time-dependent medical emergencies like ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). There is a delay and decrease in presentations and timely interventions for medical emergencies like STEMI during the current era of COVID-19 crisis. ► Several community and healthcare-system-related factors delay and decrease the presentation and intervention for time-dependent non-communicable diseases such as STsegment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in the era of COVID-19 crisis. Delayed Presentation of Acute ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Complicated with Heart Failure in the Period of COVID-19 Pandemic -Case Report Complication of late presenting STEMI due to avoidance of medical care during the COVID-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-300183-z3fwtwqb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300183-z3fwtwqb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295391-e5it7nxl author = Alahmadi, Adel Salah title = Residents' Perceived Impact of COVID-19 on Saudi Ophthalmology Training Programs-A Survey date = 2020-11-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3266 sentences = 211 flesch = 47 summary = title: Residents' Perceived Impact of COVID-19 on Saudi Ophthalmology Training Programs-A Survey PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of the current pandemic on ophthalmology residency training in Saudi Arabia, focusing on its effects on clinical education, training, and the mental well-being of the trainees. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted residents' clinical and surgical training in the Saudi ophthalmology training programs. 6, 7 In addition to disruption in clinical and surgical teaching, didactic teaching programs such as grand rounds and lectures were administered through virtual platforms such as Zoom, Microsoft Teams, and Cisco WebEx. We believed that ophthalmology residents had experienced remarkable limitations in their clinical training and surgical exposure due to these dramatic changes. The current cross-sectional study aimed to explore COVID-19 related experiences and perceptions of ophthalmology residents in various Saudi programs. We believe that COVID-19 had significantly impacted trainees' mental health currently enrolled in the Saudi ophthalmology residency programs. cache = ./cache/cord-295391-e5it7nxl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295391-e5it7nxl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314092-ph5vrba6 author = De’, Rahul title = Impact of Digital Surge during Covid-19 Pandemic: A Viewpoint on Research and Practice date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4664 sentences = 265 flesch = 52 summary = The Covid-19 pandemic has led to an inevitable surge in the use of digital technologies due to the social distancing norms and nationwide lockdowns. In the next section, we examine the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the use of digital technologies where we discuss some possible scenarios and research issues of the post-pandemic world. With the substantial use of technology in accessing basic requirements like health and education, it is imperative to understand the impact of the digital divide on social equality. 6. Given the significant role which the Internet is about to play in times to come, Internet intermediaries will work with government and civil society to address privacy and surveillance issues for better adoption of technology. For the Covid-19 pandemic, we envisage a dramatic shift in digital usage with impacts on all aspects of work and life. cache = ./cache/cord-314092-ph5vrba6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314092-ph5vrba6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315963-hs70zo48 author = Kar, Sujita Kumar title = COVID-19 pandemic and addiction: Current problems and future concerns date = 2020-04-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 793 sentences = 56 flesch = 55 summary = People around the globe, during this crisis period, are expected to encounter several mental health challenges ranging from panic, phobia, health anxiety, sleep disturbances to dissociative like symptoms (Banerjee, 2020) . Hence, people who were addicted to any kind of substance use independence pattern are expected to experience withdrawal symptoms. As the impact of pandemic lasting for a long time, the binge-watching of television and electronic gadgets are also likely to persist; which may later result in behavioral addiction. Also, it is an accepted truth that the patients with substance use problems are vulnerable populations during the time of pandemic both for being infected or regarding complications (O'Sullivan and Bourgoin, 2010) . There is an urgent need to address the mental health issues of people during this pandemic. It is highly important to address mental health emergencies like severe and complicated withdrawal symptoms of substance use. cache = ./cache/cord-315963-hs70zo48.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315963-hs70zo48.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315619-gowtohr8 author = Cox, Rebecca C. title = Pre-pandemic disgust proneness predicts increased coronavirus anxiety and safety behaviors: Evidence for a diathesis-stress model date = 2020-09-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4267 sentences = 219 flesch = 46 summary = Two moderation models were tested using the PROCESS macro (Hayes, 2017 ) to examine whether current stress level moderated the relation between pre-pandemic disgust proneness and coronavirus fear and safety behaviors, respectively, controlling for number of COVID-19 cases by state. Conditional effects analysis revealed that there was no significant relation between pre-pandemic disgust proneness and coronavirus fear at low and medium levels of current stress (p's > .05). Conditional effects analysis revealed that there was no significant relation between pre-pandemic disgust proneness and coronavirus safety behaviors at low levels of current stress (p > .05). The present study examined the predictive effect of pre-pandemic disgust proneness on coronavirus anxiety and safety behaviors during the pandemic, as well as the moderating effect of current levels of perceived stress. In contrast, those reporting low current perceived stress did not demonstrate a significant relation between pre-pandemic disgust proneness and coronavirus safety behaviors. cache = ./cache/cord-315619-gowtohr8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315619-gowtohr8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322277-mbe9dt3v author = Sharif, Salman title = COVID 19-Depression and Neurosurgeons date = 2020-06-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3315 sentences = 172 flesch = 53 summary = The rapid increase in cases and evolving guidelines regarding protection and prevention of the spread of pandemic, with no confirmed treatment or approved vaccine has caused apprehension and anxiety among health care workers. The goal of this survey was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with anxiety and depression among neurosurgeons during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although, a recent Chinese study reported a much higher prevalence of depression (50.4%), anxiety (44.6%) and insomnia (34%) among frontline health care workers. Therefore a feeling of self-protection with provided PPE had a significant negative association with anxiety/depression while a positive COVID colleague increased the likelihood of depression among neurosurgeons. To our knowledge, this is the first study ever to determine the frequency and factors associated with anxiety and depression among 375 neurosurgeons from 52 countries. The prevalence of depression and anxiety among neurosurgeons was found to be lower than the frequency reported among other frontline workers during the COVID pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-322277-mbe9dt3v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322277-mbe9dt3v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306259-vi997dms author = Hanvoravongchai, Piya title = Pandemic influenza preparedness and health systems challenges in Asia: results from rapid analyses in 6 Asian countries date = 2010-06-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6405 sentences = 322 flesch = 44 summary = The objective of this study is to understand the pandemic preparedness programmes, the health systems context, and challenges and constraints specific to the six Asian countries namely Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Taiwan, Thailand, and Viet Nam in the prepandemic phase before the start of H1N1/2009. At the same time, investment in pandemic preparation in the six Asian countries has contributed to improvement in health system surveillance, laboratory capacity, monitoring and evaluation and public communications. The level of economic development based on World Bank's classification ranges from low income with high agricultural share (Lao PDR, Cambodia, and Viet Nam), middle income (Thailand and Indonesia) to industrialized and high income (Taiwan). In Cambodia, Lao PDR, Taiwan, Thailand, where resource allocation decisions are centralized, the budget allocation towards AHI and pandemic preparedness programmes was also decided mostly at central level. cache = ./cache/cord-306259-vi997dms.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306259-vi997dms.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305327-hayhbs5u author = Gonzalez, Jean-Paul title = Global Spread of Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses: Predicting Pandemics date = 2017-09-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10210 sentences = 424 flesch = 37 summary = Other pathogens that are remarkable for their epidemic expansions include the arenavirus hemorrhagic fevers and hantavirus diseases carried by rodents over great geographic distances and the arthropod-borne viruses (West Nile, chikungunya and Zika) enabled by ecology and vector adaptations. Emergence from a sporadic case to an outbreak, to an epidemic, and ultimately to a pandemic depends upon effective transmission among nonimmune hosts, host availability (density), characteristics of the vector (natural or human made) that would enable it to circumvent distances, and the pathogen infectiousness. Although MARV expansion appears to be limited to a few countries in Africa, the recent emergence (estimated at a few decades ago) of a second human pathogenic marburgvirus known as Ravn virus, and the widely distributed Old World rousette fruit bats (Rousettus spp.) serving as reservoir for both viruses [45] , are two factors that favor pandemic risk. cache = ./cache/cord-305327-hayhbs5u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305327-hayhbs5u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304838-r9w8milu author = Olaseni, Abayomi O. title = Psychological distress experiences of Nigerians during Covid-19 pandemic; the gender difference date = 2020-12-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4986 sentences = 222 flesch = 43 summary = From March 20, 2020, to April 12, 2020, this descriptive survey used a snowballing sampling technique to select 502-Nigerians with an online semi-structured questionnaire detailing the impact of Event Scale-Revised, Generalized Anxiety Disorder – 7 item scale, Patient Health Questionnaire and Insomnia Severity Index. However, prevalence estimates analysis revealed that majority of the male respondents (65.1%) had no clinical insomnia, 20.8% of the male participants reported sub-threshold level of insomnia, 8.2% of the respondents had moderate insomnia symptoms, while 5.9% of the male respondents presented severe clinical insomnia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Though this study recorded no significant difference between the gender (male and female) experiences of insomnia, depression, posttraumatic stress symptoms and anxiety, the study result reported a relevant prevalence of outcomes of psychological distress among the general public in Nigeria. cache = ./cache/cord-304838-r9w8milu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304838-r9w8milu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316317-5oehzarg author = Skoloudik, David title = Neurosonology during the COVID‐19 pandemic (Editorial commentary from the chairs of the ultrasound panel of the EAN) date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 475 sentences = 34 flesch = 40 summary = The COVID‐19 pandemic is seriously affecting the lives of billions of people around the world, especially in the healthcare systems.(1) Although the impact of pandemic on health services are mostly negative, there is still a chance to use this situation as an opportunity for positive changes. The COVID-19 pandemic is seriously affecting the lives of billions of people around the world, especially in the healthcare systems. 1 Although the impact of pandemic on health services are mostly negative, there is still a chance to use this situation as an opportunity for positive changes. Major goal of all relevant recommendations of neurosonology societies or authorities is to protect both patients and sonographers but keeping a high attention on stroke as an emergency condition always strictly adhering to treatment guidelines for patients to ensure appropriate stroke care. World Health Organization Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-316317-5oehzarg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316317-5oehzarg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306227-63qvvkvk author = Shammi, Mashura title = Strategic assessment of COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh: comparative lockdown scenario analysis, public perception, and management for sustainability date = 2020-07-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9355 sentences = 460 flesch = 52 summary = This article, therefore, focuses on the public perception of comparative lockdown scenario analysis and how they may affect the sustainable development goals (SDGs) and the strategic management regime of COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh socio-economically as well as the implications of the withdrawal of partial lockdown plan. First of all, the government should come up with a comprehensive strategic plan accompanied by non-governmental and social organizations and law enforcement to analyse the spread of the virus, identifying the most vulnerable hosts, properly tracked the movement of general people, precise estimation of economic losses from different financial and industrial sectors, educational diminutions and professional and informal employment disruption to picture an integrated scenario of the current situation and future predictions by which the revival of the negative aspects of the country could be managed. cache = ./cache/cord-306227-63qvvkvk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306227-63qvvkvk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324366-x3djkzqn author = Hao, Fei title = COVID-19 and China’s Hotel Industry: Impacts, a Disaster Management Framework, and Post-Pandemic Agenda date = 2020-08-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8913 sentences = 417 flesch = 45 summary = title: COVID-19 and China's Hotel Industry: Impacts, a Disaster Management Framework, and Post-Pandemic Agenda This study also suggests that COVID-19 will significantly and permanently affect four major aspects of China's hotel industry—multi-business and multi-channels, product design and investment preference, digital and intelligent transformation, and market reshuffle. In this regard, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to explore the COVID-19 management framework in the context of China's hotel industry; the framework addresses phases, principles, and strategies of the industry's anti-pandemic journey. In addition to summarizing the overall impacts of COVID-19 on China's hotel industry, the importance and originality of this study are that it develops a COVID-19 management framework comprising anti-pandemic phases, principles, strategies. It also offers original insights into major trends of China's hotel industry during the post-pandemic era, including the emergence of multi-business and multi-channels, product design and investment preference, digital and intelligent transformation, and market reshuffle. cache = ./cache/cord-324366-x3djkzqn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324366-x3djkzqn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329460-wl09mlk1 author = Bozkurt, Ozan title = Nation‐wide analysis of the impact of Covid‐19 pandemic on daily urology practice in Turkey date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2266 sentences = 128 flesch = 46 summary = The number of outpatients, inpatients, urological surgeries and daily interventions were found to be dramatically decreased by the third week of pandemics in state hospitals and tertiary referral centers; however the daily urological practice were similar in private practice hospitals throughout the pandemic period. In a detailed analysis of the three groups of centers; a significant decrease was detected in outpatients, inpatients, daily interventions and urological surgeries in tertiary referral centers and state hospitals; however the decrease was not statistically significant in private practice hospital in terms of inpatients and daily interventions ( Although the total numbers of temporary measures like nephrostomy placement (539 to 223; -58.7%) and percutaneous cystostomy (661 to 253; -61.8%) for certain instances decreased; the rate of these procedures for emergent-trauma surgeries has been found to increase during pandemic period (15% to 22.7% and 18.4% to 25.7%; respectively). cache = ./cache/cord-329460-wl09mlk1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329460-wl09mlk1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325844-w0zqxwdh author = Kanekar, Amar title = COVID-19 and Mental Well-Being: Guidance on the Application of Behavioral and Positive Well-Being Strategies date = 2020-09-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2917 sentences = 135 flesch = 44 summary = Although the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have provided some guidelines to reduce stress and initiate coping [9] , the need of the hour seems to be planning and having resources and techniques for long-term mental health flourishing and better emotional health management. Although there is enough evidence-based literature on the application of positive mental health techniques at individual level for stress reduction or life fulfillment, its application in a pandemic scenario is minimally explored [17, 18] . There are several determinants of positive mental health such as hardiness, sense of coherence, social support, optimism, and self-esteem [36] that are important in the context of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-325844-w0zqxwdh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325844-w0zqxwdh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317594-5pm2pj0p author = Brooks, Oliver T. title = What If They Threw A Pandemic And Nobody Came? date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 968 sentences = 60 flesch = 67 summary = Author affiliation: Chief Medical Officer, Watts HealthCare Corporation, Los Angeles, CA, USA W e are at present in the throes of a SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the coronaviruis that causes the disease process COVID-19, characterized by fever, cough and shortness of breath 1 that may lead to death. The message I would like to convey is that in times of high stress, in this case a pandemic, management of this, by we physicians, is what we were trained to do. Leaving treating illness behind, we have been forced to evolve with our training to understand that there is the next level; that is not just healing the sick and reducing comorbidities, but keeping the healthy well. We as physicians need to know more about COVID-19 than anyone else, as we pledged an oath (of Hippocrates or Imhotep) to be ready for anything related to health and wellness, e.g. a pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-317594-5pm2pj0p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317594-5pm2pj0p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317437-65z4792h author = Perea del Pozo, Eduardo title = A prospective cohort study of the impact of covid19 world pandemic on the management of emergency surgical pathology date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 747 sentences = 95 flesch = 69 summary = title: A prospective cohort study of the impact of covid19 world pandemic on the management of emergency surgical pathology department for surgical pathology (n = 434), a significant decrease in the total number of its patients was observed during pandemic period (44,6% less than in 2019). The worse results during COVID-19 pandemic were founded in acute appendicitis with an increase in complicated appendicitis (55% vs 23⋅8%, p = 0⋅02), hospital stay (4 vs 2 days, p = 0⋅01) and surgical site infections (30% vs 5⋅1%, p = 0⋅01). This could be explained by the fact that these patients have received conservative management by primary care physicians, since no data exists that would cause one to believe that the real incidence of acute appendicitis is lower 4 . During the period of the pandemic some groups have proposed conservative management for this pathology to reduce the need for emergency room visits and operating rooms 5 . Global guidance for surgical care during the COVID-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-317437-65z4792h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317437-65z4792h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329704-vnazexhj author = Pelargos, Panayiotis E. title = An Evaluation of Neurosurgical Practices During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-10-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3430 sentences = 204 flesch = 61 summary = Methods A survey consisting of twenty-two questions assessing respondent's operative experience, location, type of practice, subspecialty, changes in clinic and operative volumes, changes to staff, and changes to income since the pandemic began was distributed electronically to neurosurgeons throughout the United States and Puerto Rico. More senior neurosurgeons and those with a private practice, whether solo or as part of a group, were more likely to experience a decline in income as a result of the pandemic as compared to their colleagues. Neurosurgeons in practice less than 20 163 years were significantly more likely to be willing to provide non-neurosurgical care to COVID-164 19 patients than those in practice greater than 20 years (73.1% vs. Overall, nearly three-fourths of neurosurgeons experienced greater than 50% decline in 216 outpatient clinic volume with just over 5% of respondents closing their outpatient clinics during 217 the pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-329704-vnazexhj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329704-vnazexhj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312094-czuw4t7i author = Radic, Aleksandar title = Fear and Trembling of Cruise Ship Employees: Psychological Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8881 sentences = 418 flesch = 54 summary = The findings revealed that COVID-19 pandemic has managed to erase the feeling of joy from cruise ship employees who were stuck at sea while exposing weakness of cruise line companies such as poor human resource management leadership. The CDC's No Sail Order in combination with poor liquidity of cruise line companies due to the COVID-19 cruise tourism crisis has created an unprecedented event leaving 100,000 cruise ship employees stuck at sea for months without any certainty when they will be repatriated to their homes [45] . In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, cruise ship employees that are stuck at sea are experiencing particularly high levels of stress that may develop mental health disorders such as anxiety and depression. Moreover, cruise line companies do not have a strategy for managing various negative psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on cruise ship employees who are stuck at sea. cache = ./cache/cord-312094-czuw4t7i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312094-czuw4t7i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322612-vlxewj5k author = Hooker, Claire title = Risk Communication Should be Explicit About Values. A Perspective on Early Communication During COVID-19 date = 2020-11-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4115 sentences = 235 flesch = 49 summary = The Australian Health Sector Emergency Response Plan for Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) was released on February 27 (Grattan 2020) but was accompanied by little transparent communication about what was being done or which elements of the plan were receiving attention. We recommend a commitment in pandemic planning documents to sharing sources, models, and evidence at the time of deliberation, and with it, the questions advisors are asking (such as, will the same number of deaths occur regardless of strategy over the long term?) Earlier public discussion of these questions might at least have somewhat disrupted simplistic framing and use of "herd immunity," by enabling early and public scientific challenge from epidemiologists, as occurred from mid-March (Armitage and Hawke 2020; Barr 2020; MacIntyre 2020). Values-based risk communication will enable a more effective pandemic response. cache = ./cache/cord-322612-vlxewj5k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322612-vlxewj5k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322082-80ym2rsq author = Monto, Arnold S title = Lessons From Influenza Pandemics of the Last 100 Years date = 2020-03-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4089 sentences = 229 flesch = 46 summary = Since this was the first true pandemic since 1918, there was immediate concern about its potential impact and great relief when it was found to resemble seasonal influenza with morbidity highest in children and mortality at the extremes of age [26, 27] (Figure 3 ). However, the new A(H3N2) virus completely replaced the previous subtype, and its variants, more than 50 years later, have been responsible for the greatest proportion of mortality from influenza viruses. In the United States, there was particular attention directed to nonpharmaceutical interventions, a result of the recognition that pandemic-specific vaccines would be available relatively late and that influenza-specific antiviral drugs, while important, would be limited in quantity. " The latter issue has been made worse by the repeated recognition of the pandemic potential of different avian influenza virus variants that have infected humans [63] [64] [65] . cache = ./cache/cord-322082-80ym2rsq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322082-80ym2rsq.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323200-xnr02xq3 author = Mansuri, Farah M.A. title = Situation analysis and an insight into assessment of pandemic COVID-19 date = 2020-04-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1303 sentences = 77 flesch = 54 summary = The world is seeing a catastrophic pandemic of SARS-CoV2 or of the disease COVID-19, in first quarter of 21st century with the emergence of novel corona virus. 1,2 Regional statistics of World health organization depicts that Eastern Mediterranean region (EMRO) stands fourth in the rank of prevalence of confirmed cases of COVID-19 after Europe, Americas and Western pacific, with a total number of 66 thousand cases and 3592 deaths. 4 The other indicator besides transmission rate, is severity of the pandemic, that can be studied by ratio of cases to hospitalization, ratio of deaths to hospitalization and ratio of Intensive care Unit admissions to total admissions. This disparity in fatality and pandemic severity index may be due to several factors such as higher virulence of virus and availability of better preventive or therapeutic health care services etc. cache = ./cache/cord-323200-xnr02xq3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323200-xnr02xq3.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330880-6lx66w8h author = Nikolopoulos, Konstantinos title = Forecasting and planning during a pandemic: COVID-19 growth rates, supply chain disruptions, and governmental decisions date = 2020-08-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7740 sentences = 405 flesch = 54 summary = title: Forecasting and planning during a pandemic: COVID-19 growth rates, supply chain disruptions, and governmental decisions We further model and forecast the excess demand for products and services during the pandemic using auxiliary data (google trends) and simulating governmental decisions (lockdown). Due to these disruptions, shortterm real time forecasts (daily and weekly) about the pandemic and its effect on the supply chain have become a very important managerial and policy-making imperative. An accurate forecast of the evolution of new cases enables the more effective management of the resulting excess demand across the supply chain. To address this need, in this article we forecast the growth of the pandemic at the country-level and evaluate 52 time-series, epidemiological, machine-learning, and deep-learning techniques. We contribute to the latter, the field of SCM, by providing an input (the demand forecasts for the new cases and the selected products), which is essential to decision-making algorithms that involve stock-control, replenishment, advance purchasing, and even rationing 11 , i.e. situations that require a mean forecasted demand over the lead-time. cache = ./cache/cord-330880-6lx66w8h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330880-6lx66w8h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327516-i25whxt2 author = Horby, Peter title = Improving preparedness for the next flu pandemic date = 2018-07-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2062 sentences = 78 flesch = 40 summary = Efforts to increase our preparedness, by improving predictions of viral emergence, spread and disease severity, by targeting reduced transmission and improved vaccination and by mitigating health impacts in lowand middle-income countries, should receive renewed urgency. However, there are limits to the predictive value of laboratory experiments and animal models, and when a new pandemic virus does emerge, which inevitably it will, the most important measure will be the disease severity per infected person. Any assessment of our ability to mitigate the health impact of the next influenza pandemic must consider what will be available for the large and vulnerable populations living in LMICs. The therapeutic efficacy of NAIs is a matter of some debate, but can probably be summarized as a proven but modest effect on the duration of symptoms in patients with mild influenza, and a probable but unproven small reduction in severe outcomes such as pneumonia and death. cache = ./cache/cord-327516-i25whxt2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327516-i25whxt2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323137-8b06u7kt author = Chern, Alexander title = Dissemination of Information During Public Health Crises: Early COVID‐19 Data From The Laryngoscope date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3346 sentences = 165 flesch = 41 summary = CONCLUSIONS: The Laryngoscope rapidly disseminated quality publications during the COVID‐19 pandemic by upholding a robust peer‐review process while expediting editorial steps, highlighting relevant articles online, and providing open access to make COVID‐19‐related publications available as quickly as possible. During a public health crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important for medical journals to share information in a timely manner while simultaneously maintaining a robust peerreview process. Comprehensive review of two databases (PubMed and The Laryngoscope journal website) was performed on July 8, 2020 to identify The Laryngoscope publications pertaining to the COVID-19 pandemic and historic respiratory pandemics of the 20th and 21st century. Publication data (e.g., number of submissions and acceptances, time from manuscript receipt to acceptance) of The Laryngoscope during historic pandemic years were not available for comparison to current COVID-19 publication data. During a public health crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important for medical journals to share essential information in a timely manner while maintaining a robust peer-review process. cache = ./cache/cord-323137-8b06u7kt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323137-8b06u7kt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326851-0jxdnm1l author = Lee, Sang M. title = Lessons Learned from Battling COVID-19: The Korean Experience date = 2020-10-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9665 sentences = 461 flesch = 49 summary = Results: Korea's success rests on its readiness, with the capacity for massive testing and obtaining prompt test results, effective contact tracing based on its world-leading mobile technologies, timely provision of personal protective equipment (PPE) to first responders, effective treatment of infected patients, and invoking citizens' community and civic conscience for the shared goal of defeating the pandemic. More specifically, this study has the following objectives: (1) To analyze Korean experiences with cases where healthcare facilities failed to prevent previous infectious diseases from spreading, and how these failures served the government in devising effective approaches to encounter the COVID-19 pandemic, (2) To dissect cases that showed innovative and successful response measures to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic, and (3) To elaborate on suggestions for crisis management based on the lessons learned from these COVID-19 response cases in Korea. cache = ./cache/cord-326851-0jxdnm1l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326851-0jxdnm1l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330512-nu8q72l9 author = Iskander, John title = Pandemic Influenza Planning, United States, 1978–2008 date = 2013-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4154 sentences = 205 flesch = 40 summary = After the emergence of a novel influenza virus of swine origin in 1976, national, state, and local US public health authorities began planning efforts to respond to future pandemics. Several events have since stimulated progress in public health emergency planning: the 1997 avian influenza A(H5N1) outbreak in Hong Kong, China; the 2001 anthrax attacks in the United States; the 2003 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome; and the 2003 reemergence of influenza A(H5N1) virus infection in humans. An influential policy review of the "swine flu affair" (i.e., the campaign to immunize the US population against a possible epidemic) identified several critical needs for future planning: 1) a more cautious approach to interpreting limited data and communicating risk to the public, 2) greater investment in research and preparedness, 3) clearer operational responsibilities within the federal government, 4) clear communication between planners at all levels of government, 5) strengthened local capacity for plan implementation, and 6) improved mechanisms for program evaluation (8) . cache = ./cache/cord-330512-nu8q72l9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330512-nu8q72l9.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316799-sa5aeu9w author = Mansuri, Farah Muhammad Asad title = Estimation of population’s response to mitigation measures and self-perceived behaviours against COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-07-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1611 sentences = 101 flesch = 56 summary = title: Estimation of population's response to mitigation measures and self-perceived behaviours against COVID-19 Pandemic We conducted a short survey with a Saudi cohort to understand the awareness about COVID-19 and estimate the responses for mitigation strategies. The questionnaire comprised 27 items and was divided into three sections, namely demographic, awareness, and response to mitigation strategies and participants' self-perceived behaviours regarding COVID-19. Conclusions We report better understanding and appropriate response to mitigation measures towards the COVID-19 pandemic among the general population in Saudi Arabia. 11 For the current pandemic, mitigation measures have been implemented from 27 The questionnaire comprised 27 questions and was divided into three sections, namely 30 demographic, awareness, and response to mitigation strategies and participants' self-31 perceived behaviours regarding COVID-19. It was also 13 found that participants identified children younger than five years of age as the only high-risk 14 group, which was significantly associated with response to mitigation measures (p=0.03). cache = ./cache/cord-316799-sa5aeu9w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316799-sa5aeu9w.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336447-hpnkou41 author = Pitlik, Silvio Daniel title = COVID-19 Compared to Other Pandemic Diseases date = 2020-07-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6148 sentences = 396 flesch = 49 summary = Despite multiple publications and increasing knowledge regarding the biological secrets of SARS-CoV-2, as of the writing of this paper, there is neither an approved vaccine nor medication to prevent infection or cure for this highly infectious disease. 7, 8 This paper reviews the microbiological, clinical, and epidemiological characteristics of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, as well as its socio-economic impact. In the early days of the pandemic great effort was invested into understanding the life cycle of SARS-CoV-2, 9 so as to provide a basis for discovery of an effective vaccine to prevent COVID-19 and/or a safe and efficacious drug to cure it, or at the least, to ameliorate its symptoms, shorten its duration, and/ or block its mechanism of transmission. 59 Unfortunately, to date, no human genetic markers predisposing to SARS-CoV-2 infection, nor the severity of COVID-19, have been found-although recent isolated exceptions to this statement can be found. cache = ./cache/cord-336447-hpnkou41.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336447-hpnkou41.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327818-1abweqko author = Kersebaum, Dilara title = The early influence of COVID-19 pandemic-associated restrictions on pain, mood, and everyday life of patients with painful polyneuropathy date = 2020-10-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5220 sentences = 258 flesch = 50 summary = OBJECTIVES: This study aimed at examining the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic-associated regulations initiated by the German government on pain intensity and characteristics, emotional well-being, and everyday life of patients with painful polyneuropathy. METHODS: Forty-three patients (well assessed with questionnaires before the pandemic and without change of their health status between baseline and current assessment) were investigated with validated, self-reported questionnaires and COVID-19-specific items 2 weeks after the regulations came into effect. In case of consent, the patient information and agreement were sent along with a set of standardized questionnaires relating to pain, emotional well-being, sleep, and physical activity as well as pandemic-associated questions about changes in daily life due to the pandemic. Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System depression, anxiety, pain interference, sleep, and fatigue scores, and quality of life did not differ between those with and without a change of social environment. cache = ./cache/cord-327818-1abweqko.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327818-1abweqko.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319853-jr8x5emx author = De Castro, Leonardo title = A fair allocation approach to the ethics of scarce resources in the context of a pandemic: The need to prioritize the worst‐off in the Philippines date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8499 sentences = 415 flesch = 52 summary = . Indeed, health equity as a consideration has an enormously wide reach and relevance." 14 This approach considers the impact of how health-related resources have been allocated or distributed and looks at the issues over a period that precedes the onset of the COVID-19 emergency and extends beyond the expected end of the current pandemic. This paper discusses the fairness of allocation measures in relation to the dispensing of adequate information, the provision of isolation and quarantine facilities, the availability of healthcare services and providers, and the criteria for triage in the hospital setting. In this section of the paper, the neglect of these principles, especially the prioritization of the worst off, in public healthcare decision-making is examined in relation to three problems within the Philippines in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: paternalistic decision-making complicated by false information, failure to be mindful of literacy levels, and failure to account for language and other barriers. cache = ./cache/cord-319853-jr8x5emx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319853-jr8x5emx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338390-v4ncshav author = Moghadas, Seyed M. title = Managing public health crises: the role of models in pandemic preparedness date = 2009-03-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3087 sentences = 135 flesch = 38 summary = 4 The workshop brought together public health experts, key decision makers, and infectious disease modelers to: (i) identify the strengths and weaknesses of mathematical models, and suggest ways to improve their predictive ability that will ultimately influence policy effectiveness; and (ii) provide an opportunity for the discussion of priority components of a pandemic plan and determine key parameters that affect policy decision making. These included evaluations and model predictions for antiviral strategies and their implications for drug stockpiling; the role of population contact networks in the emergence and spread of drug-resistance; targeting influenza vaccination at specific age groups; optimal control of pandemic outbreaks; and the usefulness of non-pharmaceutical interventions in disease mitigation. There are two major reasons underlying this evaluation: first, data are limited and prior to the emergence of a novel pandemic strain, it is not possible to study the epidemiological impact of disease or interventions in a real world environment; second, public health authorities would need to be prepared for all the likely scenarios that could influence the outcome of preparedness strategies. cache = ./cache/cord-338390-v4ncshav.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338390-v4ncshav.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332145-rw16o02g author = Chen, Patrick M. title = Evolving Healthcare Delivery in Neurology During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2963 sentences = 169 flesch = 43 summary = The pandemic changed the assumptions made by most developed health care system: ample supplies and an overwhelmingly safe environment for patients and healthcare providers. One key lesson from the COVID-19 experience internationally is the rapid depletion and scarcity of medical supplies [e.g., personal protective equipment (PPE) and mechanical ventilators], beds, and staff-an increasing occupational hazard for health care workers (2) (3) (4) . Similarly little is known about the impact of COVID-19 on the psychological health of our team members who face a number of stresses: occupational risk, evolving policy changes, and unprecedented ethical decisions. A key question remains of how we will prepare for the return of neurologic patients with delayed diagnosis because of COVID-19. Currently, the risk of exposure to COVID-19 in the hospital leads providers and patients to prefer outpatient workup, forgoing, or curtailing inpatient monitoring. Acute stroke care in the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-332145-rw16o02g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332145-rw16o02g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328748-ipv8awq7 author = Smith, Richard D title = The economy-wide impact of pandemic influenza on the UK: a computable general equilibrium modelling experiment date = 2009-11-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5019 sentences = 229 flesch = 48 summary = We also consider the mitigation impact of school closure, which is estimated as 2% for a 34% clinical attack rate in the Ferguson paper and up to a maximum of between Glossary of terms Computable general equilibrium model--A mathematical model of the whole economy that includes the cost minimising and profit maximising behaviour of producers, the consumption and saving behaviour of households and government, taxation mechanisms, and the use of labour, capital, and other factors in order to produce goods for investment or consumption. In brief, schools closing for about 95% of the 15 weeks of the pandemic's duration and assuming a mitigation equivalent to 2% if the clinical attack rate was 34%, as outlined by Ferguson et al, 10 produces a 2.5% further reduction in gross domestic product compared with our four week closure scenarios; it reduces the infection rates, but the dominance of the case fatality rate in determining the transition point is such that the degree of prophylactic absenteeism remains the same. cache = ./cache/cord-328748-ipv8awq7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328748-ipv8awq7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339968-s1kmipir author = Osier, Faith title = The global response to the COVID-19 pandemic: how have immunology societies contributed? date = 2020-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6123 sentences = 290 flesch = 36 summary = Y.; Fraser, John; Lambrecht, Bart N.; Romano, Marta; Gazzinelli, Ricardo T.; Bortoluci, Karina R.; Zamboni, Dario S.; Akbar, Arne N.; Evans, Jennie; Brown, Doug E.; Patel, Kamala D.; Wu, Yuzhang; Perez, Ana B.; Pérez, Oliver; Kamradt, Thomas; Falk, Christine; Barda-Saad, Mira; Ariel, Amiram; Santoni, Angela; Annunziato, Francesco; Cassatella, Marco A.; Kiyono, Hiroshi; Chereshnev, Valeriy; Dieye, Alioune; Mbow, Moustapha; Mbengue, Babacar; Niang, Maguette D. Efforts included writing to President Donald Trump and Congressional leaders urging that they heed the advice of scientific/public health leaders, including AAI member Anthony Fauci 3 ; writing to National Institutes of Health (NIH) Director Francis Collins requesting justification for terminating an NIH-funded grant focusing on understanding the risk of bat coronavirus emergence 4 ; advocating supplemental funding for federal science agencies, including the NIH, for pandemic-related research losses and additional trainee support; and issuing a statement opposing actions taken by the Trump administration that will damage international scientific collaboration 5 . cache = ./cache/cord-339968-s1kmipir.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339968-s1kmipir.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340756-ks1l11ot author = Ward, Kate A. title = Outbreaks of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and Seasonal Influenza A (H3N2) on Cruise Ship date = 2010-11-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4317 sentences = 199 flesch = 51 summary = On May 24, the Australian Quarantine Inspection Service reported that 6 passengers of a cruise ship had respiratory symptoms, and a point-of-care test showed positive infl uenza A virus results for all. In response, NSW Health requested that all passengers (1,963 from Australia and 7 from elsewhere) who were experiencing infl uenza-like illness (ILI) isolate themselves from healthy persons and that all asymptomatic passengers quarantine themselves for 7 days after disembarkation (or 7 days after onset of symptoms if they developed). Oseltamivir treatment (75 mg 2×/d for 5 days) was recommended for passengers or crew members with ILI (defi ned as >2 of the following: cough, fever, runny nose, or blocked nose) within 48 hours of onset and oseltamivir prophylaxis Outbreaks of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and Seasonal Infl uenza A (H3N2) on Cruise Ship (75 mg 1×/d for 10 days) for those in close contact with patients with laboratory-confi rmed cases. cache = ./cache/cord-340756-ks1l11ot.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340756-ks1l11ot.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330849-yt44k88m author = Han, Rachel H. title = Planning for Mental Health Needs During COVID-19 date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5521 sentences = 262 flesch = 39 summary = The purpose of this article, written from the perspective of military medical planners, is to present available data on the prevalence of specific mental health concerns and conditions from previous recent pandemics and COVID-19, as well as to provide data-informed recommendations for meeting the psychological needs of affected individuals. A combination of the following keywords in the title and/or abstract was used in searches of literature on the Southeast Asian Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), H1N1 influenza (H1N1), Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Ebola, and COVID-19 pandemics: mental health OR mental illness OR psychiatry OR psychology OR therapist OR PTSD OR posttraumatic OR post-traumatic stress disorder OR behavioral health OR anxiety [disorder] OR GAD OR depression/depressed OR complex grief AND data analysis OR statistic* OR prevalence OR percentage OR increase OR decrease. cache = ./cache/cord-330849-yt44k88m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330849-yt44k88m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330837-pwwgmtjr author = Lim, Zheng Jie title = Incidence and outcome of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in the COVID-19 era: A systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-11-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3367 sentences = 202 flesch = 51 summary = title: Incidence and outcome of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in the COVID-19 era: A systematic review and meta-analysis For example, an increase in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) incidence has been reported since the very early phase of the COVID-19 epidemic [2] . A recent population-based crosssectional study reported that out-of-hospital cardiac arrests had increased 3-fold during the 2020 COVID-19 period when compared with during the comparison period in 2019 [3] . The study hypothesis was that the incidence of OHCA and the associated mortality was higher during the COVID-19 pandemic period when compared to an earlier period. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the authors aimed to determine the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence, processes of care and mortality among OHCA patients. J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f DISCUSSION Across the selected studies, we observed a more than two-fold increase in OHCA incidence during the COVID-19 pandemic, with an overall significant increase in mortality. cache = ./cache/cord-330837-pwwgmtjr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330837-pwwgmtjr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339376-2dczotbh author = Everts, Jonathan title = Announcing Swine Flu and the Interpretation of Pandemic Anxiety date = 2012-07-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8359 sentences = 429 flesch = 56 summary = In that light, CDC' formal entanglement with global health security and its announcement of the H1N1 pandemic are interpreted, followed by an ethnographically informed focus on various people who were engaged in the H1N1 emergency response and their practices and practical struggles in the face of pandemic anxiety. Investigating CDC's H1N1 response may also shed light on the implications of a change in public health discourse, a change that made "emerging infectious diseases" a key concern for public health, the kernel of a new age of "pandemic anxiety" (Ingram 2008) . In the following, CDC's ways to work through the H1N1 pandemic are first contextualised within the emerging global health security regime and second analysed from a practice-based and ethnographic perspective. However, before the actual work that led to detecting H1N1 took place, pandemic anxiety and institutionalised heightened concerns had already worked their way through to CDC experts via global and national public health security recommendations and regulations and the announcements made by respective representatives. cache = ./cache/cord-339376-2dczotbh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339376-2dczotbh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331797-05kcygis author = Restauri, Nicole title = Burnout and PTSD in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Intersection, Impact and Interventions date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2832 sentences = 123 flesch = 38 summary = Summary sentence Individual physicians and hospital administration should take proactive steps to minimize the compounding effects of high baseline burnout and the acute stressors of the COVID-19 pandemic in order to promote wellness among health-care providers. As much as social distancing is being leveraged as a critical method of COVID-19 disease containment, both individual and system based practices will be required to reduce workplace stress and burnout and minimize the acute stress response and risk of subsequent PTSD. Support an infrastructure that allows radiologists and staff to work from home Decrease exposure and mitigate concerns about contracting the virus and promotes schedule flexibility Increase education treatment about burnout, ASD, and PTSD, via expert panel discussions and access to mental health Increase awareness and early intervention, reduce stigma Employ non-traditional methods of physician engagement (eg narrative medicine) cache = ./cache/cord-331797-05kcygis.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331797-05kcygis.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336845-7ofgekoj author = Donthu, Naveen title = Effects of COVID-19 on Business and Research date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5228 sentences = 261 flesch = 52 summary = In total, there are 12 papers that cover different industry sectors (e.g., tourism, retail, higher education), changes in consumer behavior and businesses, ethical issues, and aspects related to employees and leadership. We should also make an effort to learn from the consequences of pandemic outbreaks to prepare our societies for if-and, more likely, when-this happens again. Our societies are more open than ever; we rely on the importing of important products, such as food, energy, and medical equipment, rather than sourcing them from close to where they are needed; and there are limited efforts to prepare for pandemic outbreaks. The first contribution, by Jagdish Sheth, is titled "Impact of COVID-19 on Consumer Behavior: Will the Old Habits Return or Die?" It explores how the current pandemic has affected several aspects of consumers' lives, ranging from personal mobility to retail shopping, attendance at major life events like marriage ceremonies, having children, and relocation. cache = ./cache/cord-336845-7ofgekoj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336845-7ofgekoj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338580-zszeldfv author = Chang, Yu-Kai title = Exercise Behavior and Mood during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Taiwan: Lessons for the Future date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6620 sentences = 320 flesch = 41 summary = This study aims to explore the influence of COVID-19 on exercise behavior and its impact on mood states, as well as predict changes in exercise behavior during a similar future pandemic in Taiwan. Those who exercised for 2-3 days per week prepandemic and were able to maintain their exercise frequency, had higher mood states compared to those who decreased their exercise frequency to one day or less during the COVID-19 pandemic (b pre2:during1-2 = −0.25, p < 0.01). Exercise frequency during the COVID-19 pandemic had no significant effect on mood states for those who exercised one day or less prepandemic (p > 0.05). In general, higher frequencies of exercise during the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in better mood states. Our study is the first study conducted to investigate the changes in exercise behavior and mood states during the COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan. cache = ./cache/cord-338580-zszeldfv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338580-zszeldfv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340616-5vtgd46s author = ÇETİN, Ceren title = Global surveillance, travel, and trade during a pandemic date = 2020-04-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3973 sentences = 193 flesch = 42 summary = National pandemic influenza risk evaluation aims at determining the probability and outcomes of events affecting public health at a global, national, and local level. For an adequate risk assessment and a follow of a probable case, the patients should be provided with disease-preventing messages, health statements should be collected upon entry, and contact information of the passengers should be obtained, which would be much more efficient [18] . The management of ill passengers in the context of present COVID-19 disease pandemic in international airports, harbors, and motorway/road gates should include measures to be implemented according to the priorities and capacities of each country. Crew and ground personnel should be informed on and frequently reminded of measures preventing the spread of COVID-19 including social distancing, hand hygiene, respiratory etiquette, environmental cleaning, waste disposal, when and how to wear masks, and avoiding contact with people showing respiratory symptoms. cache = ./cache/cord-340616-5vtgd46s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340616-5vtgd46s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342548-ykxvaqcz author = Abbas, Myriam title = Repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on the well-being and training of medical clerks: a pan-Canadian survey date = 2020-10-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3972 sentences = 214 flesch = 52 summary = This study aims to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental well-being, training, and career choices of Canadian medical clerks within the first three months of the pandemic. METHODS: An electronic survey composed of four sections: demographics, stressors experienced during the pandemic, World Health Organization (WHO) well-being index, and stress management and resources was distributed to Canadian clerks. An electronic survey composed of four sections: demographics, stressors and their impact on residency and career choice, World Health Organization (WHO) wellbeing index and stress management and resources was distributed to clerks (third-and fourth-year medical students) in all Canadian medical schools, with 10 of the 17 faculties participating and forwarding the survey to their clerks. Eligible participants were clerks attending one of the 17 Canadian medical faculties, and whose rotations were suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental well-being, training, and career choices of Canadian medical clerks. cache = ./cache/cord-342548-ykxvaqcz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342548-ykxvaqcz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339935-tguhrqvz author = Zavattaro, Staci M. title = Introduction: COVID‐19 Viewpoint Symposium, Part II date = 2020-08-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2244 sentences = 139 flesch = 45 summary = Charbonneau and Doberstein (2020) consider work surveillance practices and their relationship to performance management With so many public servants being forced to shift to remote working from home in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, such oversight is increasing in importance. The COVID-19 pandemic showed the crippling holes in existing MFM plans, and the authors, using lessons learned from the earthquake, recommend increased collaboration, psychological support, and network leads when it comes to developing viable MFM plans going forward. They offer economic development approaches requiring coordination, and like the other essays in this Viewpoint symposium offer a path for future research to see if these strategies work, such as active versus passive partnerships. Network of networks: preliminary lessons from the Antwerp Port Authority on crisis management and network governance to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-339935-tguhrqvz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339935-tguhrqvz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334522-gi7zj70m author = Gersons, Berthold P. R. title = Can a ‘second disaster’ during and after the COVID-19 pandemic be mitigated? date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3069 sentences = 145 flesch = 43 summary = Lessons from past disasters suggest that communities and their leaders, as well as mental healthcare providers, need to pay attention to fear regarding the ongoing threat, as well as sadness and grief, and to provide hope to mitigate social disruption. For people experiencing the loss of loved ones or economic Needs of the population amid the pandemic Actions required by authorities and experts to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 Sense of safety Immediate actions of public health measures to limit the spread of the infection Delivery of reliable information for the general population and various groups about the disease Effective resourcing of required medical equipment Calming Active communication and constant explanation of the actions needed to contain the spread of the infection to the population Compassion of authorities towards victims and various groups affected by the pandemic Sense of self-and collective efficacy cache = ./cache/cord-334522-gi7zj70m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334522-gi7zj70m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327180-yw8rzrb7 author = Prateepko, Tapanan title = Patterns of perception toward influenza pandemic among the front-line responsible health personnel in southern Thailand: a Q methodology approach date = 2009-05-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3757 sentences = 207 flesch = 52 summary = title: Patterns of perception toward influenza pandemic among the front-line responsible health personnel in southern Thailand: a Q methodology approach Subjects were asked to rank 33 statements about various issues of influenza pandemic according to a pre-designed score sheet having a quasi-normal distribution on a continuous 9-point bipolar scale ranging from -4 for strongly disagree to +4 for strongly agree. The most conflicting area was vulnerability on the possible impacts of an influenza pandemic, having factor scores of high (3), low (-4), and neutral (0) for patterns I, II, and III, respectively. We identified three main patterns of health personnel in southern Thailand based on the perception toward a threat of an influenza pandemic. Perception of low level of severity and vulnerability or low levels of appraised threat of an influenza pandemic may inhibit motivation of health personnel to engage in protective behavior [27, 28] . cache = ./cache/cord-327180-yw8rzrb7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327180-yw8rzrb7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343926-47m17k1t author = Kuzemko, Caroline title = Covid-19 and the Politics of Sustainable Energy Transitions date = 2020-07-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6628 sentences = 270 flesch = 49 summary = We identify some of the initial impacts of the 'great lockdown' on sustainable and fossil sources of energy, and consider how economic stimulus packages and social practices in the wake of the pandemic are likely to shape energy demand, the carbon-intensity of the energy system, and the speed of transitions. Discussion focuses on four key themes that shape the politics of sustainable energy transitions: (i) the short, medium and long-term temporalities of energy system change; (ii) practices of investment around clean-tech and divestment from fossil fuels; (iii) structures and scales of energy governance; and (iv) social practices around mobility, work and public health. For example, the Paris Agreement instituted nationally determined climate goals; sustainability transitions were placed on the agendas of many local, national and global governing bodies; the cost of renewable energy continued to fall rapidly, making it an increasingly politically and economically viable option; divestment campaigns were taking off; and there was a surge in public buy-into the argument that urgent action was required to address climate change. cache = ./cache/cord-343926-47m17k1t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343926-47m17k1t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345373-ulsz1d85 author = Grabia, Monika title = The Nutritional and Health Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Patients with Diabetes Mellitus date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6943 sentences = 344 flesch = 54 summary = From 6 July to 22 July 2020, the period when the survey was conducted, the following regulations were in force in the country: nose-and-mouth coverings in confined public areas; closure of primary and secondary schools, and institutions of higher education; food and drink establishments were operational with enhanced sanitary measures in place (nose-and-mouth coverings required when not at the table, disinfecting tables, keeping a minimum distance of 1.5 m between patrons); gyms and swimming pools were reopened on 6 June 2020; individuals were allowed to socialise indoors in small groups; in most places, access to specialist medical care was provided at outpatient clinics [3] . Consumption of selected food products during the COVID-19 pandemic is presented in Figure 2 and the breakdown by the type of diabetes and gender is included in Supplementary Table S3 . A statistically significant increase in hand sanitiser use by the youngest respondents during the COVID-19 pandemic (p < 0.001) was observed. cache = ./cache/cord-345373-ulsz1d85.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345373-ulsz1d85.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338683-nzgnpi6f author = Karligkiotis, Apostolos title = Changing paradigms in sinus and skull base surgery as the COVID‐19 pandemic evolves: Preliminary experience from a single Italian tertiary care center date = 2020-06-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4301 sentences = 206 flesch = 43 summary = The aim of the present paper is to report our preliminary experience with the management of urgent and nondeferrable endoscopic surgeries for sinus and skull base diseases, during the COVID-19 period, describing the evolving recommendations which have been implemented day by day, as new evidences emerged, until reaching the actual protocol of precautions. At the beginning, no specific protection was recommended during surgery and all health care workers in the operating room (OR) continued to wear standard surgical masks and gowns, leaving viral-filtering-PPE available to be used only in case of confirmed COVID-19 patients. 10 In order to investigate the health of the patients belonging to the PANDEMIC-group after their last postoperative medication, a telephone interview was carried out retrospectively, examining the following factors: fever, cough, dyspnoea, anosmia, dysgeusia, gastrointestinal signs/symptoms, myalgias, fatigue, headache, pharyngodynia, rhinorrhea, active pneumonia, need for hospitalization for any reason, potential swab or serological tests performed, and if they had been in contact with COVID-19 positive individuals. cache = ./cache/cord-338683-nzgnpi6f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338683-nzgnpi6f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336283-3q0ujnjq author = Sanderson, William C. title = The Nature and Treatment of Pandemic-Related Psychological Distress date = 2020-06-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9294 sentences = 397 flesch = 44 summary = Scientific data are not available to fully understand the nature of the resulting mental health impact given the very recent onset of the pandemic, nevertheless, there is a need to act immediately to develop psychotherapeutic strategies that may alleviate pandemic-related distress. The psychological distress, in particular fear and sadness, is a function of the pandemic's negative impact upon people's ability to meet their most basic needs (e.g., physical safety, financial security, social connection, participation in meaningful activities). Once we created this list we developed strategies that would allow people to manage these negative emotional states using a self-help format (this guide can be accessed at www.psych rescu e-covid 19.com or at the permanent DOI address provided in the reference section). While there has been progress, as outlined above, in understanding the nature and interventions for COVID related psychological distress, an additional problem has emerged as a result: the already overburdened mental health system must now provide treatment for a substantial wave of persons in need. cache = ./cache/cord-336283-3q0ujnjq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336283-3q0ujnjq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345064-it26ygo6 author = Lotzin, Annett title = Stressors, coping and symptoms of adjustment disorder in the course of the COVID-19 pandemic – study protocol of the European Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS) pan-European study date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4685 sentences = 248 flesch = 49 summary = OBJECTIVE: The longitudinal online cohort study aims (1) to explore psychosocial reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic across ten European countries; (2) to examine the relationships between risk and resilience factors, stressors and symptoms of adjustment disorder during the pandemic; and (3) to investigate whether these relationships are moderated by coping behaviours. Following a conceptual framework based on the WHO's social framework of health, an assessment of risk and resilience factors, COVID-19 related stressors and pandemic-specific coping behaviours will be measured to estimate their contribution to symptoms of adjustment disorder. The study will examine the relationships between these complex risk and resilience factors, stressors, coping behaviour and stress-related symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic across ten European countries. In addition to the core set of measures described above, each participating country may include optional instruments to assess the following constructs: resilience, coping behaviours, symptoms of depression, and positive consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-345064-it26ygo6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345064-it26ygo6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344075-ucd6ooob author = Bartoszek, Adrian title = Mental Well-Being (Depression, Loneliness, Insomnia, Daily Life Fatigue) during COVID-19 Related Home-Confinement—A Study from Poland date = 2020-10-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4515 sentences = 238 flesch = 50 summary = title: Mental Well-Being (Depression, Loneliness, Insomnia, Daily Life Fatigue) during COVID-19 Related Home-Confinement—A Study from Poland The aim of the study was to measure indicators of mental well-being in a Polish sample with regard to selected sociodemographic and health behavior data during home confinement related to COVID-19 pandemic. For this reason, our study aimed to measure mental well-being (levels of depression, insomnia, daily life fatigue, and loneliness) in a sample of the Polish population during COVID-19 related home confinement. The results have clearly shown that the pandemic and associated psychological stress are risk factors for sleep disorders and psychological diseases, e.g., the authors have shown that all of the elements of the Psychological Well-Being (PGWB) questionnaire (anxiety, depressed mood, positive well-being, self-control, general health, vitality) were significantly worse among study respondents than in previous general population data [33] . cache = ./cache/cord-344075-ucd6ooob.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344075-ucd6ooob.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336549-xjrrw0wr author = Megahed, Naglaa A. title = Antivirus-built environment: lessons learned from covid-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4803 sentences = 281 flesch = 50 summary = This study encourages the search for suitable design ideas, trends, and planning theories to provide the required protection from virus attacks and continue to add more layers in the defense system of our built environment. Architects, planners, and built environment professionals are keen to examine many social and spatial implications to generate new patterns and configurations of use (Paital, 2020; Salama, 2020 problems and challenges in all building types and urban spaces as illustrated in Figure 1 . Although the situation is still unfolding, the COVID-19 pandemic has already highlighted the importance of certain design concepts and reassessed fundamental assumptions in urban and architecture approaches. The right design and planning strategies now could help to position our built environment in the post-pandemic era. We could more effectively use healthy design and planning strategies to face pandemics and create a less pullulated, more sustainable architecture, and urbanism in general. cache = ./cache/cord-336549-xjrrw0wr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336549-xjrrw0wr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344866-vhuw4gwn author = Demertzis, Nicolas title = Covid-19 as cultural trauma date = 2020-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10297 sentences = 469 flesch = 51 summary = Explaining this, Smelser writes: 'with respect to the dimension of time alone, the traumatic process was truncated… The moment of the attacks to the recognition that they constituted a national trauma was a matter of short days, if not hours…The scope of the trauma and the identity of the victims were established immediately… there was an instant consensus that it was a trauma for everybody, for the nation… there was no significant divergence in the reactions of government and community leaders, the media, and the public in assigning meaning to the events as a national tragedy and outrage…there was little evidence of social division around the trauma' (Smelser 2004, p. However, despite initial high levels of anxiety the pandemic did not evolve into cultural trauma in either, even with an exceptionally high death rate in Sweden and the great difference in trust in authority that distinguishes the two countries. cache = ./cache/cord-344866-vhuw4gwn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344866-vhuw4gwn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341684-buj8u63b author = Corbet, Shaen title = Any port in a storm: Cryptocurrency safe-havens during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-07-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1349 sentences = 73 flesch = 46 summary = Controlling for the polarity and subjectivity of social media data based on the development of the COVID-19 outbreak, we analyse the relationships between the largest cryptocurrencies and such time-varying realisation as to the scale of the economic shock centralised within the rapidly-escalating pandemic. We find evidence of significant growth in both returns and volumes traded, indicating that large cryptocurrencies acted as a store of value during this period of exceptional financial market stress. Such techniques allow for analysis not only of sentiment based on the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic, but also as to interlinkages between such sentiment and cryptocurrencies as a safe-haven asset in such time of extreme financial market panic. When considering the role of negative sentiment relating to the outbreak and development of the COVID-19 pandemic, our results suggest that there developed significant and pronounced timevarying price-volatility effects as investors identified both the severity and nature of the pandemic's growth trajectory and potential economic repercussions. cache = ./cache/cord-341684-buj8u63b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341684-buj8u63b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344985-3mu9rrql author = Fakhruddin, Bapon title = Are we there yet? The transition from response to recovery for the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4305 sentences = 202 flesch = 48 summary = While the COVID-19 pandemic has already had far-reaching socioeconomic consequences commonly associated with natural hazards (such as disruption to society, economic damage, and loss of lives), the response of governments around the world has been unparalleled and unlike anything seen before. Pandemics indeed force us to think beyond typical emergency management structures; the cycles of the disaster risk management in the case of biological and other natural hazards are not exactly the same and no one-size-fits-all approach may be used. Pandemics indeed force us to think beyond typical emergency management structures; the cycles of the disaster risk management in the case of biological and other natural hazards are not exactly the same and no one-size-fits-all approach may be used. Necessary for an effective recovery, the pandemic response needs to be a holistic response, combined with an improved data ecosystem between the public health system and the community. cache = ./cache/cord-344985-3mu9rrql.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344985-3mu9rrql.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344498-mwgccbfo author = Casado-Aranda, Luis-Alberto title = Analysis of the Scientific Production of the Effect of COVID-19 on the Environment: A Bibliometric Study date = 2020-11-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5776 sentences = 332 flesch = 46 summary = These publications can be broken down into six main themes: (i) a sharp reduction in air pollution and an improvement of the level of water pollution; (ii) the relationship of wind speed (positive), ultraviolet radiation (positive) and humidity (negative) with the rate of infections; (iii) the effect of the pandemic on the food supply chain and waste habits; (iv) wastewater monitoring offers a great potential as an early warning sign of COVID-19 transmission; (v) artificial intelligence and smart devices can be of great use in monitoring citizen mobilization; and (vi) the lessons gleaned from the pandemic that help define actions to mitigate climate change. The intention of the current study is to offer a first straightforward report on the evolution of publications combining the effect of COVID-19 on the environment since the outset of the pandemic, as well as to identify the main lines of research that are surging as a result of the crisis and establish a research agenda for environmental scholars. cache = ./cache/cord-344498-mwgccbfo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344498-mwgccbfo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340145-nx746m76 author = Trisolino, Giovanni title = Recommendations from the Italian Society of Pediatric Orthopaedics and Traumatology for the management of pediatric orthopaedic patients during the COVID19 pandemic and post-pandemic period in Italy date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2611 sentences = 129 flesch = 41 summary = The Italian Society of Pediatric Orthopaedics and Traumatology formulated general and specific recommendations to face the COVID-19 outbreak, aiming to provide essential care for children needing orthopaedic treatments during the pandemic and early post-peak period, ensure safety of children, caregivers and healthcare providers and limit the spread of contagion. This exceptional adaptation of the Italian National Health Service was significantly evident also within non-frontline healthcare settings such as Pediatric Orthopaedic Units, where limitation and temporary suspension of most routine care activities was necessary to reduce the risk of infection in patients, families, and healthcare providers and to reallocate healthcare personnel from routine tasks to emergency. The Advisory Board of the SITOP has provided a panel of priority levels in order to safely schedule deferrable surgical treatments, reducing the risk of missing children who require non postponable operations, during the pandemic and post peak period (see Table 2 ). cache = ./cache/cord-340145-nx746m76.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340145-nx746m76.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335005-ezp4mery author = China, Anne title = Pandemics and the future of human-landscape interactions date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4029 sentences = 218 flesch = 45 summary = We highlight the link between rising pandemics and accelerating global human impacts on Earth, thereby suggesting that pandemics may be an emerging element of the "Anthropocene." Examples from Denver, Colorado, USA, show how policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic changed human-environment interactions and created anomalous landscapes at the local scale in relation to the quality of air and patterns of acquiring and consuming food. Next, we present two examples from the city of Denver, Colorado (USA), showing how policy responses to the spread of the virus triggered exchanges that altered human-environment interactions and created emergent new landscapes-in relation to the quality of air and ways of obtaining and eating foods-with implications for managing the effects of pandemics at a local scale. Though the origins of pandemics are rooted in global-scale human impacts on environment, i.e., the Anthropocene, the COVID-19 case shows how their riveting effects can also alter humanlandscape interactions locally, with consequent cross-scale feedbacks. cache = ./cache/cord-335005-ezp4mery.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335005-ezp4mery.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346501-6e91kt6c author = Pitt, Michael B title = Novel Educational Responses to COVID-19: What is Here to Stay? date = 2020-06-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 970 sentences = 68 flesch = 41 summary = In this issue of Academic Pediatrics, we feature ten innovations that highlight novel educational responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. Submissions were reviewed for innovation, outcome, and sustainability after the COVID-19 pandemic by three educational researchers blinded to author name and institution. Papers describing virtual learning included modifications to existing conferences (e.g., morning report, grand rounds, boot camp) (n=55; 47%), conversion of electives (n=22; 19%) or clerkships (n=16; 14%), virtual simulation (n=18; 15%), and approaches to equip learners to advocate for patients and populations during the COVID-19 pandemic (n=7; 4%). 11 COVID-19 presented unprecedented challenges, requiring educational innovations to ensure trainees continue to learn to provide high-quality, evidence-based care, advocate for patients and populations, and maintain wellness. We believe the papers featured in this issue highlight innovative educational responses to the COVID-19 pandemic and serve as a foundation for shaping future medical education. Medical Student Development of K-12 Educational Resources During the COVID-19 Pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-346501-6e91kt6c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346501-6e91kt6c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344438-08gqn86z author = Watkins, Rochelle E title = Influenza pandemic preparedness: motivation for protection among small and medium businesses in Australia date = 2007-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5860 sentences = 223 flesch = 38 summary = Government and health authorities in Australia and overseas have recommended that businesses, community organisations and individuals implement a range of strategies to prepare for pandemic influenza, and an increasing number of resources are being produced to provide guidance on pandemic preparedness and business continuity planning [4] [5] [6] [7] . Guided by the concepts considered to be of importance in these health behaviour theories, and the protection motivation theory framework in particular, we aimed to investigate the association between selected beliefs and preparedness for pandemic influenza among small and medium business owners and managers. Binomial logistic regression analysis was used to identify the significant independent predictors of the health behaviour theory-based belief variables and the three main dependent variables: having considered the impact of, having a plan for, and needing help to prepare for pandemic influenza. cache = ./cache/cord-344438-08gqn86z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344438-08gqn86z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347952-k95wrory author = Prieto, Diana M title = A systematic review to identify areas of enhancements of pandemic simulation models for operational use at provincial and local levels date = 2012-03-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9202 sentences = 433 flesch = 38 summary = Conclusions: To adequately address the concerns of the policymakers, we need continuing model enhancements in critical areas including: updating of epidemiological data during a pandemic, smooth handling of large demographical databases, incorporation of a broader spectrum of social-behavioral aspects, updating information for contact patterns, adaptation of recent methodologies for collecting human mobility data, and improvement of computational efficiency and accessibility. Conclusions: To adequately address the concerns of the policymakers, we need continuing model enhancements in critical areas including: updating of epidemiological data during a pandemic, smooth handling of large demographical databases, incorporation of a broader spectrum of social-behavioral aspects, updating information for contact patterns, adaptation of recent methodologies for collecting human mobility data, and improvement of computational efficiency and accessibility. Of the existing computer simulation models addressing PHP, those focused on disease spread and mitigation of pandemic influenza (PI) have been recognized by the public health officials as useful decision support tools for preparedness planning [1] . cache = ./cache/cord-347952-k95wrory.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347952-k95wrory.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347492-zz3walri author = Chellamuthu, Girinivasan title = Pandemic response protocol of a non-frontline specialty in a multispecialty tertiary health care centre—a pilot model in orthopaedics date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3134 sentences = 189 flesch = 52 summary = title: Pandemic response protocol of a non-frontline specialty in a multispecialty tertiary health care centre—a pilot model in orthopaedics PREP which is in line with the WHO action plan, will be an essential minimum response of a non-frontline pandemic response specialty like orthopedics to combat and curtail the effects of a pandemic in a multispecialty tertiary health care centre. The PREP should allow a non-frontline pandemic specialist like an orthopaedician to be alert and trained to evolve as a frontline health care provider, as and when the situation demands, on the lines of development of a pandemic. At this stage, essentially, the orthopaedic surgeons would have to become a part of the pandemic response task force which includes the entire health care workforce. cache = ./cache/cord-347492-zz3walri.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347492-zz3walri.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348121-c7jq240j author = Tagliabue, Fabio title = The “Pandemic” of Disinformation in COVID-19 date = 2020-08-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1513 sentences = 75 flesch = 46 summary = In recent years, mass media and social networks have played an important role in disseminating information regarding public health. Initial, and overly optimistic medical statements that judged the epidemic as a simple influenza lowered social attention on the COVID-19 pandemic and instilled in some people conspiracy or denial ideas supported by statements by some doctors and non-medical professionals who said, "it's just a flu." [3] The poor perception of the risks related to COVID-19 infection also manifested itself despite the exponential growth of infections and deaths. Misinformation and fake news contributed to the onset of PTSD and headline stress disorder cases [2] . The historical importance of the COVID-19 pandemic is such that, also in the future, COVID-19-related news will be published cyclically in the mass media and on social networks. Methanol mass poisoning outbreak: a consequence of COVID-19 pandemic and misleading messages on social media cache = ./cache/cord-348121-c7jq240j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348121-c7jq240j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348394-ezxvgku6 author = Henneberg, Maciej title = COVID-19 and Evolutionary Medicine date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1020 sentences = 66 flesch = 42 summary = Before the advent of effective preventive methods and therapies, opportunities for the operation of natural selection were very large -due to premature mortality, only about one third of individuals born had an opportunity to pass their genes to the next generation (Rühli and Henneberg 2016) . Because pathogen transmission via human contact was slow, worldwide pandemics were rare. Public health measures in many of past pandemics were very similar to those i ntroduced in the current pandemic, such as isolating sick individuals which was already described e.g.in the London Privy Council Rules and Orders (1666). Biological variability produced by mutation/selection balance, genetic polymorphisms, adaptive responses during ontogeny, life histories, and particular ways of infections and immune responses results in different phenotypic characteristics that enable some individuals to survive pandemics. Such "evolution proof" solutions are another way that evolutionary medicine can contribute to stopping the current pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-348394-ezxvgku6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348394-ezxvgku6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349474-pprxwij6 author = Elshami, Wiam title = The radiology workforce’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the Middle East, North Africa and India date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4717 sentences = 256 flesch = 49 summary = Introduction This study aimed to investigate the response of the radiology workforce to the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on professional practice in India and eight other Middle Eastern and North African countries. The survey collected information related to the following themes: (1) demographic characteristics, (2) the impact of COVID-19 on radiology practice, and (3) fear and (4) anxiety emanating from the global pandemic. The respondents reported experiences of work-related stress (42.9%), high COVID-19 fear score (83.3% ) and anxiety (10%) during the study period. The respondents reported experiences of work-related stress (42.9%), high COVID-19 fear score (83.3% ) and anxiety (10%) during the study period. Moreover, our ability to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on radiology practices and associated factors, such as fear and anxiety, among the RWF provided more insight into the psychological needs of medical workers to continue providing quality service. cache = ./cache/cord-349474-pprxwij6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349474-pprxwij6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349008-x750xe8n author = Ertl-Wagner, Birgit B. title = Preparedness for the COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary pediatric radiology department date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6373 sentences = 294 flesch = 42 summary = cache = ./cache/cord-349008-x750xe8n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349008-x750xe8n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349949-jp0hvcg6 author = Freer, Phoebe E. title = The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Breast Imaging date = 2020-09-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5752 sentences = 281 flesch = 48 summary = Quickly, breast radiologists and technologists had palpable concerns regarding the need to protect HCWs and patients during screening, and firm statements were released by national organizations with the ASBrS and ACR Joint Statement on Breast Screening Exams During the COVID-19 Pandemic, and the Society of Breast Imaging Statement on Breast Imaging during the COVID-19 Pandemic all released later in March, 2020, and recommending to "postpone all breast screening exams (to include screening mammography, ultrasound, and MRI) effective immediately" as well as to discontinue routine and non-urgent breast health appointments. The European Society for Medical Oncology Guidelines include increasing telehealth appointments (noting in person visits are needed for new cancer patients or urgent infections / post-operative complications) and specific guidance for management and advised that the risk/benefit balance for most patients favored continued administration of systemic therapies and chemotherapies, with additional precautions when possible (e.g., choosing less immunosuppressive therapies, regimens requiring fewer appointments) 26 . cache = ./cache/cord-349949-jp0hvcg6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349949-jp0hvcg6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354779-5jbehcb6 author = nan title = Confronting the Pandemic Superthreat of Climate Change and Urbanization date = 2019-12-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5749 sentences = 323 flesch = 53 summary = One especially tragic example is the "Black Death" of the mid-fourteenth century, which killed upwards of 75 million people in Europe and Asia and likely was caused by climatic changes that stimulated the growth of the rodent population. More aggressive action is required to resolve, or at least mitigate, the immediate consequences and near-horizon disasters looming as a result of climate change and increasing urbanization-especially regarding the possibility of a pandemic. 38 Several arms of the U.S. government, including the Department of State (DoS), the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), are actively combatting disease and climate change around the world. It is essential to expand partnerships with and support the World Health Organization (WHO), USAID, and others to add facilities, provide training, conduct services in the most vulnerable areas, and help cities better plan for expansion and a proper balance of interaction between humans, animals, and 80 Johns Hopkins, "Technologies to Address Global Catastrophic Biological Risks," p. cache = ./cache/cord-354779-5jbehcb6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354779-5jbehcb6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349696-w3ajpaxo author = Yıldız, Erman title = What can be said about lifestyle and psychosocial issues during the coronavirus disease pandemic? first impressions date = 2020-07-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1271 sentences = 73 flesch = 46 summary = 1 Everything regarding COVID-19 started with cases detected in the city of Wuhan in China 2 and became a public even that concerns the entire world in a short time due to the disease's high contagiousness. 15 Indeed, unhealthy lifestyle behaviors encountered in the pandemic period are not just related to noncontagious diseases, but these behaviors are also closely in interacting with the mental health of individuals. Considering that unhealthy lifestyle behaviors due to quarantine, such as physical limitation and ineffective weight management are frequently comorbid with stress, anxiety, and depression, the mental health of individuals should not be neglected. 16 For all these reasons, from the perspectives of public health and protective care, there is an emergent need to provide information and interventions to individuals, communities and healthcare institutions for them to continue the healthiest lifestyle under quarantine. Lifestyle at time of COVID-19: how could quarantine affect cardiovascular risk cache = ./cache/cord-349696-w3ajpaxo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349696-w3ajpaxo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350293-a09r0gjc author = Dubb, S.S. title = Coronavirus Pandemic: Applying a Whole-of-Society Model for the Whole-of-the World date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2298 sentences = 134 flesch = 46 summary = During a pandemic, a national government is often considered solely responsible for dealing with the outbreak with local-based policies. The World Health Organisation (WHO) first proposed a whole-of-society (WoS) preparation plan in 2009 with risk management update in 2017 based upon lessons learned from the 2009 A(H1N1) pandemic. The WoS approach aims to utilize the principles of complexity within systems and seeks to improve the global effort against pandemic infections, increase information sharing and further institutionalize pandemic responses. Although simple in theory, executing such measures requires national, political and local involvement incorporating the entirety of society, the so-called WoS pandemic collaboration. As the WHO raised the pandemic alert level the Taiwanese government, using the WoS model utilized many of the measures across multiple entities that we have started to witness in the UK also. Toward a collaborative model of pandemic preparedness and response: Taiwan's changing approach to pandemics cache = ./cache/cord-350293-a09r0gjc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350293-a09r0gjc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353064-x4dcfjm8 author = Carlos, Ruth C. title = Defining the Recovery date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1355 sentences = 72 flesch = 50 summary = "Hyperlocality," a neologism, emphasizes the unique coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related experiences of each of the communities served by our radiology practices and health care institutions. The JACR has responded quickly to the need for rapid review and dissemination of COVID-19-related information to help practices manage the acute phase of the pandemic and signpost the coming recovery by using an existing expedited peer-review process for high-impact manuscripts and fast-tracked online publication of preproofs. Variables influencing radiology volume recovery during the next phase of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic Changes in interventional radiology practice in a tertiary academic center in the-United States during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic ACR statement on safe resumption of routine radiology care during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic Rescheduling non-urgent care in radiology: implementation during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic Transparency and trust during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-353064-x4dcfjm8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353064-x4dcfjm8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354690-ywb9krdp author = Barr, Margo title = Pandemic influenza in Australia: Using telephone surveys to measure perceptions of threat and willingness to comply date = 2008-09-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3840 sentences = 187 flesch = 53 summary = Most of the existing information about a population's response to the threat of pandemics comes from research on outbreaks of the SARS coronavirus, most notably in Hong Kong, Singapore, and Canada, [2] [3] [4] [5] and on studies of risk perception and anticipated behaviours in a potential pandemic in humans from the avian influenza virus (especially the H5N1 subtype). For the hypothetical questions -that is, likelihood of pandemic influenza, likelihood that family or self affected, willingness to comply with vaccination, isolation or wearing a face mask -the responses of extremely likely and very likely were combined into the indicator of interest. Table 4 shows the indicators for pandemic influenza likely, concern for self and family, and changed life by sex, age group, demographic characteristics, and the indicators of level of psychological distress and general self-rated health status. cache = ./cache/cord-354690-ywb9krdp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354690-ywb9krdp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354941-0ocsf255 author = Amorin‐Woods, Deisy title = Family Therapy and COVID‐19: International Reflections during the Pandemic from Systemic Therapists across the Globe date = 2020-06-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10005 sentences = 523 flesch = 59 summary = This paper offers a collection of reflections by systemic and family therapists from diverse cultures and contexts penned in the midst of the pandemic. I felt as if these early collections merged into one, represent the 'holding, healing space' that we as therapists need, before we dare consider what life may look like on the 'other side.' Without this, how could we support our clients in putting themselves, their families, and their lives back together, in even contemplating what a world of 'functionality' or 'normality' may look like? It is crucial that we are able to name and process our experiences in order to support our Global Family Therapists reflect on COVID-19 ª 2020 Australian Association of Family Therapy clients to do the same, in order to provide the holding space they need, and joining-in with them (Minuchin, 1974) . cache = ./cache/cord-354941-0ocsf255.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354941-0ocsf255.txt ===== Reducing email addresses cord-030622-5wlpvmv4 cord-257706-as5yhroz cord-266440-69l9c3my cord-328748-ipv8awq7 cord-350293-a09r0gjc cord-354941-0ocsf255 Creating transaction Updating adr table ===== Reducing keywords parallel: Warning: Only enough available processes to run 28 jobs in parallel. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf parallel: Warning: or /proc/sys/kernel/pid_max may help. cord-000161-hxjxczyr cord-003340-nqc1pduk cord-017733-xofwk88a cord-006100-zvb7bxix cord-000916-b22s00es cord-031100-ih1ci5cl cord-029245-ay15ybcm parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 27. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. cord-017857-fdn8c4hx cord-031840-k9l91unc cord-032261-no2mojz3 cord-254621-ub7ynjai cord-000042-9mma6rva cord-018646-fqy82sm6 cord-208698-gm0b8u52 cord-007681-vhghhvnu cord-256042-1yq7kf7d cord-001634-mi5gcfcw cord-102269-lfdvl78a cord-241146-j0qperwz cord-007897-evz3gwac cord-017249-la5sum39 cord-003302-vxk7uqlc cord-274544-mxkputbd cord-013275-n7sf5ude cord-030622-5wlpvmv4 cord-030018-sabmw7wf cord-003466-599x0euj cord-274694-kdsv7v8e cord-029434-9spglmzf cord-271362-qn5i6cdj cord-275257-upj8mvzn cord-252833-0lb60y12 cord-033481-3kxi7fd9 cord-136421-hcj8jmbm cord-006130-x8kl9bx4 cord-021175-0ikkl3hk cord-252675-axio9zna cord-015646-tt2p9uue cord-019057-3j2fl358 cord-000262-4owsb0bg cord-260585-ovmko655 cord-253102-z15j8izi cord-143246-f97v2cih cord-024134-ym7ce5ux cord-266440-69l9c3my cord-255360-yjn24sja cord-258410-ggrrbq5u cord-003571-upogtny6 cord-269498-q63ce5pi cord-257684-4b66lenw cord-026371-5jrvkk60 cord-160526-27kmder5 cord-272653-01wck9f3 cord-199156-7yxzj7tw cord-259793-pue0mv99 cord-030909-6if3qquj cord-011757-11r3dnse cord-021146-wdnnjlcw cord-027641-0ufwlw87 cord-257706-as5yhroz cord-017008-c7skxte0 cord-277107-gs7j6fxo cord-007784-fq2urilg cord-288818-6uvb4qsk cord-256432-53l24le2 cord-030407-w4bl5fer cord-286288-gduhterq cord-032256-7yrh16ab cord-269958-nj0ub9in cord-276428-oy8e2cpx cord-278554-rg92gcc6 cord-284573-w0sk622m cord-104486-syirijql cord-008695-y7il3hyb cord-277558-w2srv5em cord-029887-bnxczi9t cord-274163-yxl9a9u7 cord-253161-oz1eziy1 cord-289067-ptqzvsdw cord-291234-rozpps6v cord-254771-698gl09v cord-290012-jh1gkpiz cord-269280-1zbxjmxu cord-275462-7a55odok cord-256086-8qfeoayb cord-261711-nmmz9tke cord-279214-7vna4uyo cord-275622-v5o4uayk cord-118731-h5au2h09 cord-264974-hspek930 cord-277801-auq3msc6 cord-289919-iqa5pxda cord-290471-xg9d4dex cord-258736-im21y0lg cord-001521-l36f1gp7 cord-293822-axr9qu58 cord-276881-ms2wz8bz cord-278900-3rfb1b71 cord-293722-3b1hijhv cord-292502-m76rne1l cord-300396-kea01a27 cord-307673-ekajojon cord-292929-s8pnm9wv cord-301264-lkfhtb1w cord-299613-5ju5fcf4 cord-302421-tvy7uo7u cord-296493-l437zwvt cord-298156-d0pb1kik cord-310182-muybvyqa cord-314188-q8pxpw1f cord-298475-3bhiattk cord-302859-dc26tyu2 cord-301463-jzke8fop cord-296992-2vp35fwv cord-307690-1qqyixun cord-294772-nma7w7of cord-316073-zm3ih55y cord-314443-qeuvymu8 cord-294636-xes8g0x4 cord-309751-7elnvjk3 cord-304802-44m7u1oz cord-306958-8bx8kxxh cord-316440-xt9tl7td cord-300183-z3fwtwqb cord-312461-5qzpo6l1 cord-315963-hs70zo48 cord-295391-e5it7nxl cord-314092-ph5vrba6 cord-322277-mbe9dt3v cord-305327-hayhbs5u cord-306259-vi997dms cord-304838-r9w8milu cord-306227-63qvvkvk cord-316317-5oehzarg cord-315619-gowtohr8 cord-329460-wl09mlk1 cord-317594-5pm2pj0p cord-324366-x3djkzqn cord-325844-w0zqxwdh cord-317437-65z4792h cord-329704-vnazexhj cord-322612-vlxewj5k cord-312094-czuw4t7i cord-322082-80ym2rsq cord-322233-1i6zj9b3 cord-323200-xnr02xq3 cord-322099-mb17dnf2 cord-330880-6lx66w8h cord-327516-i25whxt2 cord-326851-0jxdnm1l cord-323137-8b06u7kt cord-311671-l02icp6w cord-324185-zt88o3co cord-330512-nu8q72l9 cord-316799-sa5aeu9w cord-316963-2ex4c7tj cord-329653-5nkrrqqw cord-329273-upzxscux cord-336447-hpnkou41 cord-327818-1abweqko cord-319853-jr8x5emx cord-338390-v4ncshav cord-332145-rw16o02g cord-328748-ipv8awq7 cord-339968-s1kmipir cord-330837-pwwgmtjr cord-339376-2dczotbh cord-331797-05kcygis cord-336845-7ofgekoj cord-338580-zszeldfv cord-340616-5vtgd46s cord-342548-ykxvaqcz cord-339935-tguhrqvz cord-340756-ks1l11ot cord-330849-yt44k88m cord-327180-yw8rzrb7 cord-343926-47m17k1t cord-345373-ulsz1d85 cord-341684-buj8u63b cord-338683-nzgnpi6f cord-336283-3q0ujnjq cord-345064-it26ygo6 cord-344866-vhuw4gwn cord-344075-ucd6ooob cord-344985-3mu9rrql cord-336549-xjrrw0wr cord-344498-mwgccbfo cord-340145-nx746m76 cord-346501-6e91kt6c cord-335005-ezp4mery cord-344438-08gqn86z cord-347952-k95wrory cord-348121-c7jq240j cord-347492-zz3walri cord-349008-x750xe8n cord-349474-pprxwij6 cord-348394-ezxvgku6 cord-349949-jp0hvcg6 cord-354779-5jbehcb6 cord-349696-w3ajpaxo cord-334522-gi7zj70m cord-350293-a09r0gjc cord-354690-ywb9krdp cord-354941-0ocsf255 cord-353064-x4dcfjm8 Creating transaction find: cannot fork: Resource temporarily unavailable Updating wrd table ===== Reducing urls cord-003340-nqc1pduk cord-000161-hxjxczyr cord-029245-ay15ybcm cord-031840-k9l91unc cord-000042-9mma6rva cord-102269-lfdvl78a cord-241146-j0qperwz cord-030622-5wlpvmv4 cord-136421-hcj8jmbm cord-015646-tt2p9uue cord-024134-ym7ce5ux cord-003571-upogtny6 cord-255360-yjn24sja cord-269498-q63ce5pi cord-026371-5jrvkk60 cord-199156-7yxzj7tw cord-256432-53l24le2 cord-104486-syirijql cord-029887-bnxczi9t cord-291234-rozpps6v cord-254771-698gl09v cord-290012-jh1gkpiz cord-275622-v5o4uayk cord-289919-iqa5pxda cord-118731-h5au2h09 cord-264974-hspek930 cord-001521-l36f1gp7 cord-298156-d0pb1kik cord-299613-5ju5fcf4 cord-307690-1qqyixun cord-316073-zm3ih55y cord-306227-63qvvkvk cord-330880-6lx66w8h cord-326851-0jxdnm1l cord-317594-5pm2pj0p cord-329273-upzxscux cord-327818-1abweqko cord-316799-sa5aeu9w cord-319853-jr8x5emx cord-306259-vi997dms cord-342548-ykxvaqcz cord-327180-yw8rzrb7 cord-345373-ulsz1d85 cord-341684-buj8u63b cord-338683-nzgnpi6f cord-345064-it26ygo6 cord-339968-s1kmipir cord-344985-3mu9rrql cord-344438-08gqn86z cord-354779-5jbehcb6 cord-354690-ywb9krdp Creating transaction find: cannot fork: Resource temporarily unavailable Updating url table /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/reduce-url.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable ===== Reducing named entities cord-003340-nqc1pduk cord-017733-xofwk88a cord-000161-hxjxczyr cord-006100-zvb7bxix cord-031100-ih1ci5cl cord-000916-b22s00es cord-017857-fdn8c4hx cord-031840-k9l91unc cord-029245-ay15ybcm cord-032261-no2mojz3 cord-254621-ub7ynjai cord-000042-9mma6rva cord-208698-gm0b8u52 cord-256042-1yq7kf7d cord-018646-fqy82sm6 cord-007681-vhghhvnu cord-102269-lfdvl78a cord-001634-mi5gcfcw cord-241146-j0qperwz cord-007897-evz3gwac cord-274544-mxkputbd cord-017249-la5sum39 cord-003302-vxk7uqlc cord-013275-n7sf5ude cord-030622-5wlpvmv4 cord-030018-sabmw7wf cord-029434-9spglmzf cord-003466-599x0euj cord-274694-kdsv7v8e cord-275257-upj8mvzn cord-271362-qn5i6cdj cord-252833-0lb60y12 cord-033481-3kxi7fd9 cord-252675-axio9zna cord-015646-tt2p9uue cord-006130-x8kl9bx4 cord-136421-hcj8jmbm cord-021175-0ikkl3hk cord-019057-3j2fl358 cord-253102-z15j8izi cord-260585-ovmko655 cord-143246-f97v2cih cord-000262-4owsb0bg cord-024134-ym7ce5ux cord-266440-69l9c3my cord-258410-ggrrbq5u cord-255360-yjn24sja cord-026371-5jrvkk60 cord-269498-q63ce5pi cord-257684-4b66lenw cord-003571-upogtny6 cord-160526-27kmder5 cord-272653-01wck9f3 cord-259793-pue0mv99 cord-199156-7yxzj7tw cord-021146-wdnnjlcw parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 95. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. cord-030909-6if3qquj cord-011757-11r3dnse cord-288818-6uvb4qsk cord-256432-53l24le2 cord-027641-0ufwlw87 cord-257706-as5yhroz cord-007784-fq2urilg cord-017008-c7skxte0 cord-286288-gduhterq cord-032256-7yrh16ab cord-030407-w4bl5fer cord-269958-nj0ub9in cord-276428-oy8e2cpx cord-277107-gs7j6fxo cord-284573-w0sk622m cord-278554-rg92gcc6 cord-277558-w2srv5em cord-104486-syirijql cord-008695-y7il3hyb cord-289067-ptqzvsdw cord-029887-bnxczi9t cord-274163-yxl9a9u7 cord-253161-oz1eziy1 cord-291234-rozpps6v cord-254771-698gl09v cord-290012-jh1gkpiz cord-261711-nmmz9tke cord-279214-7vna4uyo cord-256086-8qfeoayb cord-258736-im21y0lg cord-269280-1zbxjmxu cord-275462-7a55odok cord-275622-v5o4uayk cord-276881-ms2wz8bz cord-118731-h5au2h09 cord-264974-hspek930 cord-289919-iqa5pxda cord-277801-auq3msc6 cord-278900-3rfb1b71 cord-293822-axr9qu58 cord-293722-3b1hijhv cord-290471-xg9d4dex cord-292502-m76rne1l cord-300396-kea01a27 cord-307673-ekajojon cord-301264-lkfhtb1w cord-292929-s8pnm9wv cord-302421-tvy7uo7u cord-298156-d0pb1kik cord-298475-3bhiattk cord-296992-2vp35fwv cord-296493-l437zwvt cord-299613-5ju5fcf4 cord-310182-muybvyqa cord-302859-dc26tyu2 cord-314188-q8pxpw1f cord-294772-nma7w7of cord-001521-l36f1gp7 cord-307690-1qqyixun cord-301463-jzke8fop cord-316073-zm3ih55y cord-309751-7elnvjk3 cord-294636-xes8g0x4 cord-316440-xt9tl7td cord-306958-8bx8kxxh cord-304802-44m7u1oz cord-300183-z3fwtwqb cord-312461-5qzpo6l1 cord-295391-e5it7nxl cord-314092-ph5vrba6 cord-315963-hs70zo48 cord-315619-gowtohr8 cord-314443-qeuvymu8 cord-322277-mbe9dt3v cord-306259-vi997dms cord-305327-hayhbs5u cord-304838-r9w8milu cord-306227-63qvvkvk cord-316317-5oehzarg cord-317594-5pm2pj0p cord-324366-x3djkzqn cord-329460-wl09mlk1 cord-325844-w0zqxwdh cord-317437-65z4792h cord-322612-vlxewj5k cord-329704-vnazexhj cord-312094-czuw4t7i cord-322082-80ym2rsq cord-322233-1i6zj9b3 cord-323200-xnr02xq3 cord-322099-mb17dnf2 cord-330880-6lx66w8h cord-327516-i25whxt2 cord-323137-8b06u7kt cord-311671-l02icp6w cord-326851-0jxdnm1l cord-330512-nu8q72l9 cord-316963-2ex4c7tj cord-324185-zt88o3co cord-316799-sa5aeu9w cord-329653-5nkrrqqw parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 94. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. cord-336447-hpnkou41 cord-329273-upzxscux cord-327818-1abweqko cord-319853-jr8x5emx cord-338390-v4ncshav cord-332145-rw16o02g cord-328748-ipv8awq7 cord-340756-ks1l11ot cord-339968-s1kmipir cord-330849-yt44k88m cord-330837-pwwgmtjr cord-339376-2dczotbh cord-331797-05kcygis cord-336845-7ofgekoj cord-338580-zszeldfv cord-340616-5vtgd46s cord-342548-ykxvaqcz cord-339935-tguhrqvz cord-334522-gi7zj70m cord-327180-yw8rzrb7 cord-343926-47m17k1t cord-345373-ulsz1d85 cord-341684-buj8u63b cord-338683-nzgnpi6f cord-336283-3q0ujnjq cord-345064-it26ygo6 cord-344075-ucd6ooob cord-344866-vhuw4gwn cord-336549-xjrrw0wr cord-344985-3mu9rrql cord-344498-mwgccbfo cord-346501-6e91kt6c cord-340145-nx746m76 cord-335005-ezp4mery cord-344438-08gqn86z cord-347492-zz3walri cord-347952-k95wrory cord-348121-c7jq240j cord-349008-x750xe8n cord-349949-jp0hvcg6 cord-354779-5jbehcb6 cord-349474-pprxwij6 cord-349696-w3ajpaxo cord-350293-a09r0gjc cord-353064-x4dcfjm8 cord-354690-ywb9krdp cord-348394-ezxvgku6 cord-354941-0ocsf255 Creating transaction Updating ent table ===== Reducing parts of speech cord-003340-nqc1pduk cord-000161-hxjxczyr cord-000916-b22s00es cord-017733-xofwk88a cord-031100-ih1ci5cl cord-017857-fdn8c4hx cord-029245-ay15ybcm cord-254621-ub7ynjai cord-006100-zvb7bxix cord-032261-no2mojz3 cord-000042-9mma6rva cord-256042-1yq7kf7d cord-018646-fqy82sm6 cord-031840-k9l91unc cord-208698-gm0b8u52 cord-007681-vhghhvnu cord-001634-mi5gcfcw cord-102269-lfdvl78a cord-241146-j0qperwz cord-007897-evz3gwac cord-017249-la5sum39 cord-274544-mxkputbd cord-003302-vxk7uqlc cord-013275-n7sf5ude cord-030018-sabmw7wf cord-003466-599x0euj cord-030622-5wlpvmv4 cord-274694-kdsv7v8e cord-029434-9spglmzf cord-252833-0lb60y12 cord-271362-qn5i6cdj cord-033481-3kxi7fd9 cord-275257-upj8mvzn cord-006130-x8kl9bx4 cord-252675-axio9zna cord-136421-hcj8jmbm cord-000262-4owsb0bg cord-253102-z15j8izi cord-021175-0ikkl3hk cord-260585-ovmko655 cord-143246-f97v2cih cord-266440-69l9c3my cord-019057-3j2fl358 cord-024134-ym7ce5ux cord-015646-tt2p9uue cord-258410-ggrrbq5u cord-003571-upogtny6 cord-269498-q63ce5pi cord-257684-4b66lenw cord-272653-01wck9f3 cord-160526-27kmder5 cord-255360-yjn24sja cord-026371-5jrvkk60 cord-199156-7yxzj7tw cord-259793-pue0mv99 cord-021146-wdnnjlcw cord-011757-11r3dnse cord-027641-0ufwlw87 parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 95. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. cord-030909-6if3qquj cord-257706-as5yhroz cord-017008-c7skxte0 cord-277107-gs7j6fxo cord-288818-6uvb4qsk cord-007784-fq2urilg cord-256432-53l24le2 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table Building ./etc/reader.txt Traceback (most recent call last): File "/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cloud.py", line 45, in wordcloud.generate_from_frequencies( items ).to_file( output ) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/wordcloud/wordcloud.py", line 403, in generate_from_frequencies raise ValueError("We need at least 1 word to plot a word cloud, " ValueError: We need at least 1 word to plot a word cloud, got 0. cord-001521-l36f1gp7 cord-030909-6if3qquj cord-298156-d0pb1kik cord-001521-l36f1gp7 cord-019057-3j2fl358 cord-347952-k95wrory number of items: 204 sum of words: 1,001,856 average size in words: 6,146 average readability score: 47 nouns: pandemic; influenza; health; virus; data; time; patients; risk; disease; study; response; viruses; infection; people; research; cases; care; countries; impact; population; number; information; analysis; measures; outbreak; pandemics; case; vaccine; effects; individuals; children; crisis; coronavirus; use; transmission; results; level; model; mortality; epidemic; treatment; world; factors; studies; years; system; rate; life; community; age verbs: used; include; provided; increased; based; shown; reported; make; needed; takes; related; developed; see; reduced; considered; associated; following; required; given; identify; affected; found; leads; became; caused; suggesting; occurring; compared; emerging; work; help; infect; result; allowed; known; understand; estimated; indicates; remain; changing; perceived; continues; created; assess; addresses; presenting; performed; spreads; determined; confirmed adjectives: social; public; global; human; covid-19; new; many; economic; different; high; clinical; pandemic; important; first; medical; severe; significant; higher; specific; likely; viral; mental; early; available; respiratory; seasonal; current; national; effective; possible; low; general; infectious; non; psychological; large; local; key; potential; long; similar; future; positive; several; international; novel; antiviral; acute; recent; various adverbs: also; however; well; even; therefore; especially; often; particularly; now; still; highly; already; significantly; less; much; first; rather; moreover; just; rapidly; respectively; previously; far; generally; together; currently; worldwide; yet; almost; approximately; prior; indeed; potentially; furthermore; relatively; quickly; likely; directly; finally; better; later; long; specifically; similarly; additionally; back; perhaps; recently; widely; clearly pronouns: it; we; their; they; our; its; them; i; us; themselves; you; one; my; itself; his; your; he; me; her; ourselves; she; him; yourself; oneself; myself; himself; 's; s; herself; em; thyself; thy; theirs; t202; ours; mrnas; mg; covid-19; aspx&searchtype=&id=55420001; a-172 proper nouns: COVID-19; ⁄; H1N1; Health; China; SARS; Pandemic; Influenza; H5N1; United; •; States; World; uenza; UK; HA; A; US; NA; Coronavirus; CoV-2; CDC; Table; April; New; March; Kong; Hong; National; Organization; Ebola; India; USA; Europe; Disease; U.S.; C; PCR; WHO; Public; Italy; Covid-19; J; Africa; May; H3N2; Research; Australia; South; Department keywords: one topic; one dimension: pandemic file(s): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6269250/ titles(s): Natality Decline and Spatial Variation in Excess Death Rates During the 1918–1920 Influenza Pandemic in Arizona, United States three topics; one dimension: pandemic; covid; influenza file(s): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.10248v1.pdf, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7276808/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4313891/ titles(s): Statistical Issues and Recommendations for Clinical Trials Conducted During the COVID-19 Pandemic | Pandemics and Supply Chain Management Research: Toward a Theoretical Toolbox | Oral and Poster Manuscripts five topics; three dimensions: covid pandemic health; pandemic health covid; influenza virus pandemic; pandemic covid 2020; pandemic energy social file(s): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7450147/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20529345/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4313891/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7276808/, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264275120312774 titles(s): Perspectives on the Economics of the Environment in the Shadow of Coronavirus | Pandemic influenza preparedness and health systems challenges in Asia: results from rapid analyses in 6 Asian countries | Oral and Poster Manuscripts | Pandemics and Supply Chain Management Research: Toward a Theoretical Toolbox | Pandemic and the planning of resilient cities and regions Type: cord title: keyword-pandemic-cord date: 2021-05-25 time: 15:45 username: emorgan patron: Eric Morgan email: emorgan@nd.edu input: keywords:pandemic ==== make-pages.sh htm files ==== make-pages.sh complex files ==== make-pages.sh named enities ==== making bibliographics id: cord-342548-ykxvaqcz author: Abbas, Myriam title: Repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on the well-being and training of medical clerks: a pan-Canadian survey date: 2020-10-27 words: 3972.0 sentences: 214.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342548-ykxvaqcz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342548-ykxvaqcz.txt summary: This study aims to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental well-being, training, and career choices of Canadian medical clerks within the first three months of the pandemic. METHODS: An electronic survey composed of four sections: demographics, stressors experienced during the pandemic, World Health Organization (WHO) well-being index, and stress management and resources was distributed to Canadian clerks. An electronic survey composed of four sections: demographics, stressors and their impact on residency and career choice, World Health Organization (WHO) wellbeing index and stress management and resources was distributed to clerks (third-and fourth-year medical students) in all Canadian medical schools, with 10 of the 17 faculties participating and forwarding the survey to their clerks. Eligible participants were clerks attending one of the 17 Canadian medical faculties, and whose rotations were suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental well-being, training, and career choices of Canadian medical clerks. abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has been an unprecedented and potentially stressful event that inserted itself into the 2019–2020 Canadian medical curriculum. However, its impact on stress and subsequent professional pathways is not well understood. This study aims to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental well-being, training, and career choices of Canadian medical clerks within the first three months of the pandemic. It also aims to assess their use of university support systems and their appreciation of potential solutions to common academic stressors. METHODS: An electronic survey composed of four sections: demographics, stressors experienced during the pandemic, World Health Organization (WHO) well-being index, and stress management and resources was distributed to Canadian clerks. RESULTS: Clerks from 10 of the 17 Canadian medical faculties participated in this study (n = 627). Forty-five percent of clerks reported higher levels of stress than usual; 22% reconsidered their residency choice; and 19% reconsidered medicine as a career. The factors that were most stressful among clerks were: the means of return to rotations; decreased opportunities to be productive in view of residency match; and taking the national licensing exam after the beginning of residency. The mean WHO well-being index was 14.8/25 ± 4.5, indicating a poor level of well-being among a considerable proportion of students. Clerks who reconsidered their residency choice or medicine as a career had lower mean WHO well-being indices. Most clerks agreed with the following suggested solutions: training sessions on the clinical management of COVID-19 cases; being allowed to submit fewer reference letters when applying to residency; and having protected time to study for their licensing exam during residency. Overall, clerks were less concerned with being infected during their rotations than with the impact of the pandemic on their future career and residency match. CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic had a considerable impact on the medical curriculum and well-being of clerks. A number of student-identified solutions were proposed to reduce stress. The implementation of these solutions throughout the Canadian medical training system should be considered. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-020-02293-0 doi: 10.1186/s12909-020-02293-0 id: cord-309751-7elnvjk3 author: Abdelnasser, Mohammad Kamal title: COVID-19. An update for orthopedic surgeons date: 2020-07-01 words: 5222.0 sentences: 342.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309751-7elnvjk3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309751-7elnvjk3.txt summary: The resultant information was organized under 5 main headings; the impact of pandemic on the orthopedic practice, COVID-19 and the trauma patient, elective and emergency surgeries during the pandemic, peri-operative management of the patient with COVID-19, Miscellaneous effects of the pandemic such as those on training programs and the evolution of telemedicine. Relevant information was digested and organized under 5 main headings; the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the orthopedic practice, COVID-19 and the trauma patient, elective and emergency surgeries during the pandemic, perioperative management of the patient with COVID-19, Miscellaneous effects of the pandemic such as those on training programs and the evolution of telemedicine. Guidelines for ambulatory surgery centers for the care of surgically necessary/time-sensitive orthopaedic cases during the COVID-19 pandemic Perioperative considerations in urgent surgical care of suspected and confirmed COVID-19 orthopedic patients: Operating rooms protocols and recommendations in the current COVID-19 pandemic abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected our world in a short period of time, and the orthopedic surgery practice was not an exclusion. Elective care was deferred in most health care facilities and emergency care was continued with strict precautions. With rapid progression of the pandemic, the response of the medical community is also rapidly changing in all aspects of delivering care. This led to a large number of publications with reports, guidelines, measures, ways to react to the crisis, and post-pandemic predictions and speculations. In this review we aimed at summarizing all the relevant information to the orthopedic surgery community. To do this, a comprehensive search was performed with all related terms on two scientific search engines, PubMed and SCOPUS, and the results were filtered by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method. The result was 72 articles that were further reduced to 33 articles after full text reading. The resultant information was organized under 5 main headings; the impact of pandemic on the orthopedic practice, COVID-19 and the trauma patient, elective and emergency surgeries during the pandemic, peri-operative management of the patient with COVID-19, Miscellaneous effects of the pandemic such as those on training programs and the evolution of telemedicine. This review represents the most up to date information published in the literature that is a must-know to every orthopedic surgeon. url: https://doi.org/10.1051/sicotj/2020022 doi: 10.1051/sicotj/2020022 id: cord-312461-5qzpo6l1 author: Adalja, Amesh A. title: Characteristics of Microbes Most Likely to Cause Pandemics and Global Catastrophes date: 2019-08-30 words: 6830.0 sentences: 290.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312461-5qzpo6l1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312461-5qzpo6l1.txt summary: A substantial proportion of pandemic and biological threat preparedness activities have focused on list-based approaches that were in part based on pandemic influenzas of the past, historical biological weapon development programs, or recent outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases (e.g., SARS, MERS, Ebola) (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2017; Casadevall and Relman 2010) . Cultivating and maintaining expertise in the epidemiology, surveillance, and pathogenicity of all classes of microbes, with explicit incorporation of a One Health approach-which incorporates and integrates information from infectious diseases of plants, amphibians, and reptiles-will help foster the broad capacities needed for emerging pandemic and global catastrophic biological risks. Pathogen-based lists, both USA and global, based on influenza precedents, historical biological weapon programs, and emerging infectious diseases were responsible for galvanizing early activities in the field of pandemic preparedness and have helped drive many important contributions. abstract: Predicting which pathogen will confer the highest global catastrophic biological risk (GCBR) of a pandemic is a difficult task. Many approaches are retrospective and premised on prior pandemics; however, such an approach may fail to appreciate novel threats that do not have exact historical precedent. In this paper, based on a study and project we undertook, a new paradigm for pandemic preparedness is presented. This paradigm seeks to root pandemic risk in actual attributes possessed by specific classes of microbial organisms and leads to specific recommendations to augment preparedness activities. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31463536/ doi: 10.1007/82_2019_176 id: cord-329273-upzxscux author: Adeoti, Adekunle Olatayo title: The European Respiratory Society course on acute respiratory pandemics: how to plan for and manage them date: 2018-02-13 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Learn about the @ERStalk course on acute respiratory pandemics http://ow.ly/XGe430i7743 url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29450202/ doi: 10.1183/23120541.00156-2017 id: cord-104486-syirijql author: Adiga, Aniruddha title: Data-driven modeling for different stages of pandemic response date: 2020-09-21 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Some of the key questions of interest during the COVID-19 pandemic (and all outbreaks) include: where did the disease start, how is it spreading, who is at risk, and how to control the spread. There are a large number of complex factors driving the spread of pandemics, and, as a result, multiple modeling techniques play an increasingly important role in shaping public policy and decision making. As different countries and regions go through phases of the pandemic, the questions and data availability also changes. Especially of interest is aligning model development and data collection to support response efforts at each stage of the pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has been unprecedented in terms of real-time collection and dissemination of a number of diverse datasets, ranging from disease outcomes, to mobility, behaviors, and socio-economic factors. The data sets have been critical from the perspective of disease modeling and analytics to support policymakers in real-time. In this overview article, we survey the data landscape around COVID-19, with a focus on how such datasets have aided modeling and response through different stages so far in the pandemic. We also discuss some of the current challenges and the needs that will arise as we plan our way out of the pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7523119/ doi: nan id: cord-019057-3j2fl358 author: Afolabi, Michael Olusegun title: Pandemic Influenza: A Comparative Ethical Approach date: 2018-08-28 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Community-networks such as families and schools may foster and propagate some types of public health disasters. For such disasters, a communitarian-oriented ethical lens offers useful perspectives into the underlying relational nexus that favors the spread of infection. This chapter compares two traditional bioethical lenses—the communitarian and care ethics framework—vis-à-vis their capacities to engage the moral quandaries elicited by pandemic influenza. It argues that these quandaries preclude the analytical lens of ethical prisms that are individual-oriented but warrant a people-oriented approach. Adopting this dual approach offers both a contrastive and a complementary way of rethinking the underlying socioethical tensions elicited by pandemic influenza in particular and other public health disasters generally. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124108/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-92765-7_3 id: cord-300183-z3fwtwqb author: Ahmed, Taha title: Community and healthcare system-related factors feeding the phenomenon of evading medical attention for time-dependent emergencies during COVID-19 crisis date: 2020-08-25 words: 3444.0 sentences: 214.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300183-z3fwtwqb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300183-z3fwtwqb.txt summary: Moreover, a comprehensive review of literature is performed to illustrate the potential factors delaying and decreasing timely presentations and interventions for time-dependent medical emergencies like ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Moreover, a comprehensive review of literature is performed to illustrate the potential factors delaying and decreasing timely presentations and interventions for time-dependent medical emergencies like ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). There is a delay and decrease in presentations and timely interventions for medical emergencies like STEMI during the current era of COVID-19 crisis. ► Several community and healthcare-system-related factors delay and decrease the presentation and intervention for time-dependent non-communicable diseases such as STsegment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in the era of COVID-19 crisis. Delayed Presentation of Acute ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Complicated with Heart Failure in the Period of COVID-19 Pandemic -Case Report Complication of late presenting STEMI due to avoidance of medical care during the COVID-19 pandemic abstract: The current COVID-19 crisis has significantly impacted healthcare systems worldwide. There has been a palpable increase in public avoidance of hospitals, which has interfered in timely care of critical cardiovascular conditions. Complications from late presentation of myocardial infarction, which had become a rarity, resurfaced during the pandemic. We present two such encounters that occurred due to delay in seeking medical care following myocardial infarction due to the fear of contracting COVID-19 in the hospital. Moreover, a comprehensive review of literature is performed to illustrate the potential factors delaying and decreasing timely presentations and interventions for time-dependent medical emergencies like ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We emphasise that clinicians should remain vigilant of encountering rare and catastrophic complications of STEMI during this current era of COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32843473/ doi: 10.1136/bcr-2020-237817 id: cord-295391-e5it7nxl author: Alahmadi, Adel Salah title: Residents'' Perceived Impact of COVID-19 on Saudi Ophthalmology Training Programs-A Survey date: 2020-11-03 words: 3266.0 sentences: 211.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295391-e5it7nxl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295391-e5it7nxl.txt summary: title: Residents'' Perceived Impact of COVID-19 on Saudi Ophthalmology Training Programs-A Survey PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of the current pandemic on ophthalmology residency training in Saudi Arabia, focusing on its effects on clinical education, training, and the mental well-being of the trainees. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted residents'' clinical and surgical training in the Saudi ophthalmology training programs. 6, 7 In addition to disruption in clinical and surgical teaching, didactic teaching programs such as grand rounds and lectures were administered through virtual platforms such as Zoom, Microsoft Teams, and Cisco WebEx. We believed that ophthalmology residents had experienced remarkable limitations in their clinical training and surgical exposure due to these dramatic changes. The current cross-sectional study aimed to explore COVID-19 related experiences and perceptions of ophthalmology residents in various Saudi programs. We believe that COVID-19 had significantly impacted trainees'' mental health currently enrolled in the Saudi ophthalmology residency programs. abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of the current pandemic on ophthalmology residency training in Saudi Arabia, focusing on its effects on clinical education, training, and the mental well-being of the trainees. METHODS: An online self-administered questionnaire was distributed among residents in the Saudi ophthalmology training programs between July 7 and 14, 2020. In this study, we explored residents’ opinions regarding training disruption and virtual education. The patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to assess the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on their mental health. We used descriptive statistics for data analysis. RESULTS: Out of 183 registered ophthalmology residents, 142 participated in this study. Ninety-six participants (35.4%) were rotated at a specialized eye hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic, while 52 (19.2%) had rotations in the ophthalmology department at general hospitals. Those who rotated in both types of hospitals were 123 (45.4%). According to the participants, there was a significant decline in exposure to surgical and office-based procedures compared to emergency eye consultations (Friedman P <0.001). The COVID-19 pandemic’s effect on mental health was reported by 100 (70.5%) participants. Eighty-five (55.4%) respondents were satisfied with the virtual method of education. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted residents’ clinical and surgical training in the Saudi ophthalmology training programs. Additionally, we believe that COVID-19 may have a negative impact on trainees’ mental health. Fortunately, the current pandemic provided an innovative education method that will likely be used even after the pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33173273/ doi: 10.2147/opth.s283073 id: cord-007897-evz3gwac author: Amirov, Chingiz title: Influenza pandemic planning: One organization''s experience date: 2010-06-25 words: 2286.0 sentences: 129.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-007897-evz3gwac.txt txt: ./txt/cord-007897-evz3gwac.txt summary: This article highlights influenza pandemic planning by a geriatric facility in order to ensure preparedness for staff, clients and families. This article highlights influenza pandemic planning by a geriatric facility in order to ensure preparedness for staff, clients and families. The key driver for getting started stemmed from our participation on the Toronto Academic Health Sciences Network (TAHSN) Pandemic Planning Committee. Representation on the facility pandemic planning committee included medicine, nursing, infection prevention and control, occupational health and safety, allied health, pharmacy, purchasing, public affairs, information management, human resources, education and bioethics. Our approach was to develop a high-level plan for each area represented on the committee, followed by a detailed tactical plan, culminating in a table-top simulation exercise to test our plans and identify gaps. Meetings were held with the facilitators to familiarize them with both the organization and the facility''s influenza pandemic plan, and finalize the script for the simulation. abstract: This article highlights influenza pandemic planning by a geriatric facility in order to ensure preparedness for staff, clients and families. By describing our experience, we hope that other facilities that provide geriatric, long-term care services are able to advance their own pandemic plans. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7126562/ doi: 10.1016/s0840-4704(10)60253-0 id: cord-354941-0ocsf255 author: Amorin‐Woods, Deisy title: Family Therapy and COVID‐19: International Reflections during the Pandemic from Systemic Therapists across the Globe date: 2020-06-08 words: 10005.0 sentences: 523.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354941-0ocsf255.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354941-0ocsf255.txt summary: This paper offers a collection of reflections by systemic and family therapists from diverse cultures and contexts penned in the midst of the pandemic. I felt as if these early collections merged into one, represent the ''holding, healing space'' that we as therapists need, before we dare consider what life may look like on the ''other side.'' Without this, how could we support our clients in putting themselves, their families, and their lives back together, in even contemplating what a world of ''functionality'' or ''normality'' may look like? It is crucial that we are able to name and process our experiences in order to support our Global Family Therapists reflect on COVID-19 ª 2020 Australian Association of Family Therapy clients to do the same, in order to provide the holding space they need, and joining-in with them (Minuchin, 1974) . abstract: The COVID‐19 pandemic has convulsed human communities across the globe like no previous event in history. Family therapists, paradoxically, given the core of their work is with systems, are also experiencing upheaval in professional and personal lives, trying to work amidst a society in chaos. This paper offers a collection of reflections by systemic and family therapists from diverse cultures and contexts penned in the midst of the pandemic. The main intention in distilling these narratives is to preserve the ‘cultural diversity’ and ‘ecological position’ of the contributors, guided by phenomenology, cultural ecology, and systemic worldviews of ‘experiencing.’ The second intention is to ‘unite’ promoting solidarity in this isolating situation by bringing each story together, creating its own metaphor of a family: united, connected, stronger. As a cross‐cultural family practitioner, with a strong mission for collaboration, the lead author acknowledges the importance of Context – the nation and location of the experience; Culture – the manner in which culture impacts on experience; Collaboration – enhancing partnership, enriching knowledge, and mapping the journey’s direction; and Connectedness – combating isolation while enhancing unity. Since the key transmission of culture is through language, raw reflections were sought initially in the practitioners’ own language, which were translated for an English‐speaking readership. These narratives are honest and rich descriptions of the authors’ lived experiences, diverse and distinctive. The contributors trust colleagues will find these reflections helpful, validating and acknowledging the challenges of this unique period in history. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/anzf.1416 doi: 10.1002/anzf.1416 id: cord-278554-rg92gcc6 author: Aoyagi, Yumiko title: Healthcare workers' willingness to work during an influenza pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2015-04-23 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: To estimate the proportion of healthcare workers (HCWs) willing to work during an influenza pandemic and identify associated risk factors, we undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis compliant with PRISMA guidance. Databases and grey literature were searched to April 2013, and records were screened against protocol eligibility criteria. Data extraction and risk of bias assessments were undertaken using a piloted form. Random-effects meta-analyses estimated (i) pooled proportion of HCWs willing to work and (ii) pooled odds ratios of risk factors associated with willingness to work. Heterogeneity was quantified using the I(2) statistic, and publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger's test. Data were synthesized narratively where meta-analyses were not possible. Forty-three studies met our inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis of the proportion of HCWs willing to work was abandoned due to excessive heterogeneity (I(2) = 99·2%). Narrative synthesis showed study estimates ranged from 23·1% to 95·8% willingness to work, depending on context. Meta-analyses of specific factors showed that male HCWs, physicians and nurses, full-time employment, perceived personal safety, awareness of pandemic risk and clinical knowledge of influenza pandemics, role-specific knowledge, pandemic response training, and confidence in personal skills were statistically significantly associated with increased willingness. Childcare obligations were significantly associated with decreased willingness. HCWs' willingness to work during an influenza pandemic was moderately high, albeit highly variable. Numerous risk factors showed a statistically significant association with willingness to work despite significant heterogeneity between studies. None of the included studies were based on appropriate theoretical constructs of population behaviour. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25807865/ doi: 10.1111/irv.12310 id: cord-299613-5ju5fcf4 author: Arthi, Vellore title: Disease, downturns, and wellbeing: Economic history and the long-run impacts of COVID-19 date: 2020-11-03 words: 17509.0 sentences: 810.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299613-5ju5fcf4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299613-5ju5fcf4.txt summary: In this paper, we review the evidence on the long-run effects on health, labor, and human capital of both historical pandemics (with a focus on the 1918 Influenza Pandemic) and historical recessions (with a focus on the Great Depression). Thus, a historical perspective allows us to use rich data to look at not only the short-term effects of crises like COVID-19 on health, labor, and human capital, but also the long-term and intergenerational impacts along these dimensions for both individuals and the wider economy. To examine how history can inform our view of the coronavirus pandemic and associated policy responses as they relate to long-run wellbeing, we begin in Section II by reviewing the features of COVID-19 that will determine its potential health and economic impacts, and placing these features in historical context. abstract: How might COVID-19 affect human capital and wellbeing in the long run? The COVID-19 pandemic has already imposed a heavy human cost—taken together, this public health crisis and its attendant economic downturn appear poised to dwarf the scope, scale, and disruptiveness of most modern pandemics. What evidence we do have about other modern pandemics is largely limited to short-run impacts. Consequently, recent experience can do little to help us anticipate and respond to COVID-19’s potential long-run impact on individuals over decades and even generations. History, however, offers a solution. Historical crises offer closer analogues to COVID-19 in each of its key dimensions—as a global pandemic, as a global recession—and offer the runway necessary to study the life-course and intergenerational outcomes. In this paper, we review the evidence on the long-run effects on health, labor, and human capital of both historical pandemics (with a focus on the 1918 Influenza Pandemic) and historical recessions (with a focus on the Great Depression). We conclude by discussing how past crises can inform our approach to COVID-19—helping tell us what to look for, what to prepare for, and what data we ought to collect now. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0014498320300838 doi: 10.1016/j.eeh.2020.101381 id: cord-292929-s8pnm9wv author: Ashikalli, Louicia title: The indirect impact of COVID-19 on child health date: 2020-09-16 words: 4936.0 sentences: 256.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292929-s8pnm9wv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292929-s8pnm9wv.txt summary: It explores the physical and psychological effects, discusses the role of parenting and education, offering practical advice about how best to provide support as a health care professional. Whilst initial data does not suggest that children with comorbidities are at particularly increased risk of severe COVID-19 disease (12) (13) (14) , the challenge of maintaining a good continuity of care for existing patients and adequate diagnostic care for children presenting for the first time remains. At the start of this pandemic in the UK the advice given to the families with children with many chronic diseases was to shield the whole household to prevent the risk of severe illness. The absence of mental health services during previous pandemics increased the risk of psychological distress to those affected (30) . Large organisations such as UNICEF have provided online documents to help teenagers protect their mental health during the pandemic. abstract: Since the detection of COVID-19 in December 2019, the rapid spread of the disease worldwide has led to a new pandemic, with the number of infected individuals and deaths rising daily. Early experience shows that it predominantly affects older age groups with children and young adults being generally more resilient to more severe disease (1–3). From a health standpoint, children and young people are less directly affected than adults and presentation of the disease has shown different characteristics. Nonetheless, COVID-19 has had severe repercussions on children and young people. These indirect, downstream implications should not be ignored. An understanding of the issues is essential for those who hope to advocate effectively for children to prevent irreversible damage to the adults of the future. This article reviews some of the evidence of harm to children that may accrue indirectly as a result of pandemics. It explores the physical and psychological effects, discusses the role of parenting and education, offering practical advice about how best to provide support as a health care professional. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32959000/ doi: 10.1016/j.paed.2020.09.004 id: cord-277558-w2srv5em author: Babuna, Pius title: The Impact of COVID-19 on the Insurance Industry date: 2020-08-10 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: This study investigated the impact of COVID-19 on the insurance industry by studying the case of Ghana from March to June 2020. With a parallel comparison to previous pandemics such as SARS-CoV, H1N1 and MERS, we developed outlines for simulating the impact of the pandemic on the insurance industry. The study used qualitative and quantitative interviews to estimate the impact of the pandemic. Presently, the trend is an economic recession with decreasing profits but increasing claims. Due to the cancellation of travels, events and other economic losses, the Ghanaian insurance industry witnessed a loss currently estimated at GH Ȼ112 million. Our comparison and forecast predicts a normalization of economic indicators from January 2021. In the meantime, while the pandemic persists, insurers should adapt to working from remote locations, train and equip staff to work under social distancing regulations, enhance cybersecurity protocols and simplify claims/premium processing using e-payment channels. It will require the collaboration of the Ghana Ministry of Health, Banking Sector, Police Department, Customs Excise and Preventive Service, other relevant Ministries and the international community to bring the pandemic to a stop. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32784978/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17165766 id: cord-033481-3kxi7fd9 author: Baker, Joseph O title: Religion in the Age of Social Distancing: How COVID-19 Presents New Directions for Research date: 2020-09-16 words: 5004.0 sentences: 216.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-033481-3kxi7fd9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-033481-3kxi7fd9.txt summary: In this brief note written during a global pandemic, we consider some of the important ways this historical moment is altering the religious landscape, aiming our investigative lens at how religious institutions, congregations, and individuals are affected by the social changes produced by COVID-19. The centrality of intensive interactive rituals for producing the communal benefits of religion (e.g., social support, emotional catharsis, perceived healing) ensures that there will be persistent tension between many religious groups'' desire for in-person gatherings and the social distancing requirements necessary to limit the spread of COVID-19. Thinking about religion as the object of analysis and its role in disease transmission, a clear and consequential way that the pandemic has changed religion is the suspension of in-person religious gatherings, and the corresponding need to engage in "socially distanced" forms of interactive religious services and rituals. abstract: In this brief note written during a global pandemic, we consider some of the important ways this historical moment is altering the religious landscape, aiming our investigative lens at how religious institutions, congregations, and individuals are affected by the social changes produced by COVID-19. This unprecedented time prompts scholars of religion to reflect on how to strategically approach the study of religion in the time of “social distancing,” as well as moving forward. Particularly important considerations include developing heuristic, innovative approaches for revealing ongoing changes to religion, as well as how religion continues to structure social life across a wide range of contexts, from the most intimate and personal to the most public and global. Although our note can only be indicative rather than exhaustive, we do suggest that the initial groundwork for reconsiderations might productively focus on several key analytical themes, including: Epidemiology, Ideology, Religious Practice, Religious Organizations and Institutions, as well as Epistemology and Methodology. In offering these considerations as a starting point, we remain aware (and hopeful) that inventive and unanticipated approaches will also emerge. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7543648/ doi: 10.1093/socrel/sraa039 id: cord-314443-qeuvymu8 author: Banai, Reza title: Pandemic and the planning of resilient cities and regions date: 2020-09-15 words: 5668.0 sentences: 262.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314443-qeuvymu8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314443-qeuvymu8.txt summary: Concomitantly, city and regional planning and design theories, concepts, regulations, and practices emerge historically in response to public health crises, including pandemics, pollution with rapid industrialization, congestion with urbanization, and loss of green space in cities. The holistic concept of the metropolitan region that highlights the functional links among urban and regional economies also reveals the strengths and limits of the urban system, and thereby informs the comprehensive city plan''s objectives of enhancing sustainability and resilience of the built and natural environments of climate change. The method of the approach and presentation of this paper is comparative by juxtaposing the pandemics of climate change and coronavirus, and through a historical and critical review and synthesis of the durable concepts of the urban system at the kernel of the theories and practices of urbanism expansively, from rooftop to the region, highlighted by place matters, cyberspace, density, access, and the city-region. abstract: The emergence of the coronavirus pandemic motivated this paper, which revisits the nexus of public health and the city, itself a main source of a pandemic which similarly threatens the lives and properties of the world population gradually one glacier at a time: climate change. We argue that pandemics expose both the vulnerability and resilience of the urban system expansively, from rooftop to the region, but also serve as change agents for the planning of resilient cities and regions globally. The discussion of the urban system and the pandemic is comparative, with the recent coronavirus and climate change, a persistent, long-lasting pandemic. The historical and critical review and synthesis of the durable concepts of the urban system at the kernel of the theories and practices of urbanism is highlighted by place matters, cyberspace, density, access, and the city-region. We note the implications for reconfiguring the resilient urban system of the future effectively with pandemic as change agent and the comprehensive plan and its regulatory zoning ordinance as implementation tool. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264275120312774 doi: 10.1016/j.cities.2020.102929 id: cord-289067-ptqzvsdw author: Bansal, Priya title: Clinician Wellness During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Extraordinary Times and Unusual Challenges for the Allergist/Immunologist date: 2020-04-04 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The global spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused sudden and dramatic societal changes. The allergy/immunology community has quickly responded by mobilizing practice adjustments and embracing new paradigms of care to protect patients and staff from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 exposure. Social distancing is key to slowing contagion but adds to complexity of care and increases isolation and anxiety. Uncertainty exists across a new COVID-19 reality, and clinician well-being may be an underappreciated priority. Wellness incorporates mental, physical, and spiritual health to protect against burnout, which impairs both coping and caregiving abilities. Understanding the stressors that COVID-19 is placing on clinicians can assist in recognizing what is needed to return to a point of wellness. Clinicians can leverage easily accessible tools, including the Strength-Focused and Meaning-Oriented Approach to Resilience and Transformation approach, wellness apps, mindfulness, and gratitude. Realizing early warning signs of anxiety, depression, substance abuse, and posttraumatic stress disorder is important to access safe and confidential resources. Implementing wellness strategies can improve flexibility, resilience, and outlook. Historical parallels demonstrate that perseverance is as inevitable as pandemics and that we need not navigate this unprecedented time alone. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213219820303275 doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.04.001 id: cord-354690-ywb9krdp author: Barr, Margo title: Pandemic influenza in Australia: Using telephone surveys to measure perceptions of threat and willingness to comply date: 2008-09-15 words: 3840.0 sentences: 187.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354690-ywb9krdp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354690-ywb9krdp.txt summary: Most of the existing information about a population''s response to the threat of pandemics comes from research on outbreaks of the SARS coronavirus, most notably in Hong Kong, Singapore, and Canada, [2] [3] [4] [5] and on studies of risk perception and anticipated behaviours in a potential pandemic in humans from the avian influenza virus (especially the H5N1 subtype). For the hypothetical questions -that is, likelihood of pandemic influenza, likelihood that family or self affected, willingness to comply with vaccination, isolation or wearing a face mask -the responses of extremely likely and very likely were combined into the indicator of interest. Table 4 shows the indicators for pandemic influenza likely, concern for self and family, and changed life by sex, age group, demographic characteristics, and the indicators of level of psychological distress and general self-rated health status. abstract: BACKGROUND: Baseline data is necessary for monitoring how a population perceives the threat of pandemic influenza, and perceives how it would behave in the event of pandemic influenza. Our aim was to develop a module of questions for use in telephone health surveys on perceptions of threat of pandemic influenza, and on preparedness to comply with specific public health behaviours in the event of pandemic influenza. METHODS: A module of questions was developed and field tested on 192 adults using the New South Wales Department of Health's in-house Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) facility. The questions were then modified and re field tested on 202 adults. The module was then incorporated into the New South Wales Population Health Survey in the first quarter of 2007. A representative sample of 2,081 adults completed the module. Their responses were weighted against the state population. RESULTS: The reliability of the questions was acceptable with kappa ranging between 0.25 and 0.51. Overall 14.9% of the state population thought pandemic influenza was very or extremely likely to occur; 45.5% were very or extremely concerned that they or their family would be affected by pandemic influenza if it occurred; and 23.8% had made some level of change to the way they live their life because of the possibility of pandemic influenza. In the event of pandemic influenza, the majority of the population were willing to: be vaccinated (75.4%), be isolated (70.2%), and wear a face mask (59.9%). People with higher levels of threat perception are significantly more likely to be willing to comply with specific public health behaviours. CONCLUSION: While only 14.9% of the state population thought pandemic influenza was very or extremely likely to occur, a significantly higher proportion were concerned for self and family should a pandemic actually occur. The baseline data collected in this survey will be useful for monitoring changes over time in the population's perceptions of threat, and preparedness to comply with specific public health behaviours. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18793441/ doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-8-117 id: cord-344075-ucd6ooob author: Bartoszek, Adrian title: Mental Well-Being (Depression, Loneliness, Insomnia, Daily Life Fatigue) during COVID-19 Related Home-Confinement—A Study from Poland date: 2020-10-12 words: 4515.0 sentences: 238.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344075-ucd6ooob.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344075-ucd6ooob.txt summary: title: Mental Well-Being (Depression, Loneliness, Insomnia, Daily Life Fatigue) during COVID-19 Related Home-Confinement—A Study from Poland The aim of the study was to measure indicators of mental well-being in a Polish sample with regard to selected sociodemographic and health behavior data during home confinement related to COVID-19 pandemic. For this reason, our study aimed to measure mental well-being (levels of depression, insomnia, daily life fatigue, and loneliness) in a sample of the Polish population during COVID-19 related home confinement. The results have clearly shown that the pandemic and associated psychological stress are risk factors for sleep disorders and psychological diseases, e.g., the authors have shown that all of the elements of the Psychological Well-Being (PGWB) questionnaire (anxiety, depressed mood, positive well-being, self-control, general health, vitality) were significantly worse among study respondents than in previous general population data [33] . abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic is a great threat to both physical and mental health as it may lead to psychological stress connected with an economic crisis, threat of unemployment, or fear of losing family members. Emerging data shows that the general public may be vulnerable to the pandemic-related stress and experience frequently prevalent anxiety. A study involving 471 subjects (85.6% female) was conducted online during the COVID-19 pandemic. We used the following scales: Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Revised University of California, Los Angeles (R-UCLA) Loneliness Scale, and Daily Life Fatigue scale (DLF). Women had higher mean scores of depression, loneliness, and daily life fatigue and more often than males started exercising. Among people professionally active before the pandemic, there were more cases of increased alcohol consumption than among students. No differences in alcohol consumption patterns were found between genders. People living alone had higher scores of loneliness and daily life fatigue compared to those living with someone. Respondents who started taking any new drugs during COVID-19 home confinement had higher outcomes in all questionnaires. During home confinement, high scores of depression, insomnia, loneliness, and everyday fatigue were observed. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207417 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17207417 id: cord-275622-v5o4uayk author: Bjursell, Cecilia title: The COVID-19 pandemic as disjuncture: Lifelong learning in a context of fear date: 2020-10-30 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a number of fundamental changes in different societies, and can therefore be understood as creating “disjuncture” in our lives. Disjuncture is a concept proposed by adult educator Peter Jarvis to describe the phenomenon of what happens when an individual is confronted with an experience that conflicts with her/his previous understanding of the world. Faced with a situation that creates disjuncture, the person is compelled to find new knowledge and new ways of doing things; i.e., he/she must embark on a learning process. The recent introduction of social distancing as a measure aiming to reduce transmission of the COVID-19 virus has dramatically changed people’s behaviour, but this measure does not only have preventive and desirable effects. There is an associated risk for increased isolation among the older generations of the population, as well as a change in intergenerational relationships. Although the current pandemic (as disjuncture) may potentially initiate major learning processes in the human collective, we should remember that disjuncture is often theorised within neutral, or even positive, contexts. In a context of fear, however, learning may result in a narrowing of mindsets and a rejection of collective efforts and solidarity between generations. In terms of the types of learning triggered by the current pandemic (as disjuncture), one problem is non-reflective learning, which primarily occurs on a behavioural level. We need to recognise this and engage in reflective learning if we are to make the choices that will lead to a society that is worth living in for all generations. Our goal must be to learn to be a person in a post-pandemic society. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33144741/ doi: 10.1007/s11159-020-09863-w id: cord-329460-wl09mlk1 author: Bozkurt, Ozan title: Nation‐wide analysis of the impact of Covid‐19 pandemic on daily urology practice in Turkey date: 2020-09-30 words: 2266.0 sentences: 128.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329460-wl09mlk1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329460-wl09mlk1.txt summary: The number of outpatients, inpatients, urological surgeries and daily interventions were found to be dramatically decreased by the third week of pandemics in state hospitals and tertiary referral centers; however the daily urological practice were similar in private practice hospitals throughout the pandemic period. In a detailed analysis of the three groups of centers; a significant decrease was detected in outpatients, inpatients, daily interventions and urological surgeries in tertiary referral centers and state hospitals; however the decrease was not statistically significant in private practice hospital in terms of inpatients and daily interventions ( Although the total numbers of temporary measures like nephrostomy placement (539 to 223; -58.7%) and percutaneous cystostomy (661 to 253; -61.8%) for certain instances decreased; the rate of these procedures for emergent-trauma surgeries has been found to increase during pandemic period (15% to 22.7% and 18.4% to 25.7%; respectively). abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present a nation‐wide analysis of the workload of urology departments in Turkey week‐by‐week during Covid‐19 pandemic. METHODOLOGY: The centers participating in the study were divided into three groups as tertiary referral centers, state hospitals and private practice hospitals. The number of outpatients, inpatients, daily interventions and urological surgeries were recorded prospectively between 9‐March‐2020 and 31‐May‐2020. All these variables were recorded for the same time interval of 2019 as well. The weekly change of the workload of urology during pandemic period was evaluated; also the workload of urology and the distributions of certain urological surgeries were compared between the pandemic period and the same time interval of the year 2019. RESULTS: A total of 51 centers participated in the study. The number of outpatients, inpatients, urological surgeries and daily interventions were found to be dramatically decreased by the third week of pandemics in state hospitals and tertiary referral centers; however the daily urological practice were similar in private practice hospitals throughout the pandemic period. When the workload of urology in pandemic period and the same time interval of the year 2019 were compared; a huge decrease was observed in all variables during pandemic period. However, temporary measures like ureteral stenting, nephrostomy placement and percutaneous cystostomy have been found to increase during Covid‐19 pandemic compared to normal life. CONCLUSIONS: Covid‐19 pandemic significantly effected the routine daily urological practice likewise other subspecialties and priority was given to emergent and non‐deferrable surgeries by urologists in concordance with published clinical guidelines. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcp.13735 doi: 10.1111/ijcp.13735 id: cord-314188-q8pxpw1f author: Bradshaw, Ralph A. title: On pandemics, pandemonium, and possibilities… date: 2020-05-12 words: 1301.0 sentences: 57.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314188-q8pxpw1f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314188-q8pxpw1f.txt summary: The possibilities that could emerge after the pandemic has wound down are truly unique-a potential watershed moment for science, sparked by a new focus on science teaching and training, and by investments in basic and applied research (including science policy), that could better prepare governments and the citizenry for existential threats in the future: pandemics, climate change, food production, etc. While the management of the 1918-19 flu was hampered by a complete lack of knowledge of the causative agent or how to test for it, 1 the identification and a complete structural analyses of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus 2 occurred very rapidly after the onset of the pandemic in December 2019, and assays of different types for it were developed in just weeks, 3 albeit making these tests widely available has been a major challenge (but this is a political not a medical problem). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32617518/ doi: 10.1096/fba.2020-00023 id: cord-294636-xes8g0x4 author: Brindle, Mary E. title: Approaching Surgical Triage During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-07 words: 2133.0 sentences: 134.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294636-xes8g0x4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294636-xes8g0x4.txt summary: The harm caused by failure to modify the surgery schedule has been clearly demonstrated in countries like China where ongoing elective operations and nonessential clinic visits contributed to early rates of in-hospital COVID-19 transmission 2 ; and from Italy where resources consumed through elective surgery including personal protective equipment left health care workers vulnerable when the pandemic crested. Although nonoperative care of appendicitis may have a failure rate between 14 and 30%, the majority of patients will get out of hospital without surgery and will not consume the human and material resources that are most needed in COVID-19 management. 9. COVID-19 surgical care pathways and a COVID-19 Operating room will need to be maintained after the peak of the pandemic has passed as patients with COVID-19 will continue to present with conditions requiring surgery. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32675489/ doi: 10.1097/sla.0000000000003992 id: cord-302421-tvy7uo7u author: Brock, Rebecca L. title: Family Science in the Context of the COVID‐19 Pandemic: Solutions and New Directions date: 2020-07-14 words: 5238.0 sentences: 257.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302421-tvy7uo7u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302421-tvy7uo7u.txt summary: The primary aims of this article were to (a) present a range of potential solutions to problems threatening the rigor of ongoing research and (b) propose new directions in family science aimed at understanding how families adapt to change and adversity arising from the pandemic. An example with particular relevance to family science is the Two-Method Missing Design, an approach used when there is a gold standard measure of a construct (e.g., behavioral observations of family interactions) that cannot be administered to all participants due to time, money, resources, or, in the case of COVID-19, social distancing guidelines. Drawing on past research and theory, we can investigate the specific impact of the stress and adversity arising from COVID-19 on individual mental health and family functioning and identify modifiable risk and resiliency factors to target in interventions. In the absence of ongoing longitudinal studies, the COVID-19 pandemic presents another avenue for family scientists to pursue new research on the impact of stress and adversity on family functioning. abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has precipitated substantial global disruption and will continue to pose major challenges. In recognition of the challenges currently faced by family scientists, we share our perspectives about conducting family research in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic. There are two primary issues we address in this article. First, we present a range of potential solutions to challenges in research, resulting from the pandemic, and discuss strategies for preserving ongoing research efforts. We discuss approaches to scaling back existing protocols, share ideas for adapting lab‐based measures for online administration (e.g., using video chat platforms), and suggest strategies for addressing missing data and reduced sample size due to lower participation rates and funding restrictions. We also discuss the importance of measuring COVID‐19 relevant factors to use as controls or explore as moderators of primary hypotheses. Second, we discuss how the COVID‐19 pandemic represents a scientifically important context for understanding how families adjust and adapt to change and adversity. Increased stress precipitated by the pandemic, varying from acute stress associated with job loss to more chronic and enduring stress, will undoubtedly take a toll. We discuss ways that family scientists can contribute to pandemic‐related research to promote optimal family functioning and protect the health of family members. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12582 doi: 10.1111/famp.12582 id: cord-317594-5pm2pj0p author: Brooks, Oliver T. title: What If They Threw A Pandemic And Nobody Came? date: 2020-05-22 words: 968.0 sentences: 60.0 pages: flesch: 67.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317594-5pm2pj0p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317594-5pm2pj0p.txt summary: Author affiliation: Chief Medical Officer, Watts HealthCare Corporation, Los Angeles, CA, USA W e are at present in the throes of a SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the coronaviruis that causes the disease process COVID-19, characterized by fever, cough and shortness of breath 1 that may lead to death. The message I would like to convey is that in times of high stress, in this case a pandemic, management of this, by we physicians, is what we were trained to do. Leaving treating illness behind, we have been forced to evolve with our training to understand that there is the next level; that is not just healing the sick and reducing comorbidities, but keeping the healthy well. We as physicians need to know more about COVID-19 than anyone else, as we pledged an oath (of Hippocrates or Imhotep) to be ready for anything related to health and wellness, e.g. a pandemic. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32450991/ doi: 10.1016/j.jnma.2020.04.005 id: cord-284573-w0sk622m author: Caduff, Carlo title: What Went Wrong: Corona and the World after the Full Stop date: 2020-07-21 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: This article examines the global response to the Covid‐19 pandemic. It argues that we urgently need to look beyond the virus if we want to understand the real seriousness of what is happening today. How did we end up in a space of thinking, acting, and feeling that has normalized extremes and is based on the assumption that biological life is an absolute value separate from politics? The author suggests that today's fear is fueled by mathematical disease modeling, neoliberal health policies, nervous media reporting, and authoritarian longings. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32692890/ doi: 10.1111/maq.12599 id: cord-353064-x4dcfjm8 author: Carlos, Ruth C. title: Defining the Recovery date: 2020-07-01 words: 1355.0 sentences: 72.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353064-x4dcfjm8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353064-x4dcfjm8.txt summary: "Hyperlocality," a neologism, emphasizes the unique coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related experiences of each of the communities served by our radiology practices and health care institutions. The JACR has responded quickly to the need for rapid review and dissemination of COVID-19-related information to help practices manage the acute phase of the pandemic and signpost the coming recovery by using an existing expedited peer-review process for high-impact manuscripts and fast-tracked online publication of preproofs. Variables influencing radiology volume recovery during the next phase of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic Changes in interventional radiology practice in a tertiary academic center in the-United States during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic ACR statement on safe resumption of routine radiology care during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic Rescheduling non-urgent care in radiology: implementation during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic Transparency and trust during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1546144020305500 doi: 10.1016/j.jacr.2020.05.025 id: cord-344498-mwgccbfo author: Casado-Aranda, Luis-Alberto title: Analysis of the Scientific Production of the Effect of COVID-19 on the Environment: A Bibliometric Study date: 2020-11-03 words: 5776.0 sentences: 332.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344498-mwgccbfo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344498-mwgccbfo.txt summary: These publications can be broken down into six main themes: (i) a sharp reduction in air pollution and an improvement of the level of water pollution; (ii) the relationship of wind speed (positive), ultraviolet radiation (positive) and humidity (negative) with the rate of infections; (iii) the effect of the pandemic on the food supply chain and waste habits; (iv) wastewater monitoring offers a great potential as an early warning sign of COVID-19 transmission; (v) artificial intelligence and smart devices can be of great use in monitoring citizen mobilization; and (vi) the lessons gleaned from the pandemic that help define actions to mitigate climate change. The intention of the current study is to offer a first straightforward report on the evolution of publications combining the effect of COVID-19 on the environment since the outset of the pandemic, as well as to identify the main lines of research that are surging as a result of the crisis and establish a research agenda for environmental scholars. abstract: The fight against COVID-19 since January 2020 has become the top priority of more than 200 countries. In order to offer solutions to eradicate this global pandemic, the scientific community has published hundreds of articles covering a wide range of areas of knowledge. With the aim of synthesizing these publications, academics are resorting to bibliometric analyses from the perspectives of the disciplines such as biology, medicine, socioeconomics and tourism. Yet no bibliometric analysis has explored the diffuse and little-known growth of COVID-19 scientific publications in the field of environmental studies. The current study is the first of this type to fill this research gap. It has resorted to SciMAT software to evaluate the main topics, authors and journals of publications on the subject of COVID-19 combined with environmental studies spanning the period between 1 December 2019 and 6 September 2020. The search yielded a collection of 440 articles published in scientific journals indexed on by Web of Science and Scopus databases. These publications can be broken down into six main themes: (i) a sharp reduction in air pollution and an improvement of the level of water pollution; (ii) the relationship of wind speed (positive), ultraviolet radiation (positive) and humidity (negative) with the rate of infections; (iii) the effect of the pandemic on the food supply chain and waste habits; (iv) wastewater monitoring offers a great potential as an early warning sign of COVID-19 transmission; (v) artificial intelligence and smart devices can be of great use in monitoring citizen mobilization; and (vi) the lessons gleaned from the pandemic that help define actions to mitigate climate change. The results of the current study therefore offer an agenda for future research and constitute a starting point for academics in the field of environmental studies to evaluate the effects of COVID-19. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S001393512031313X doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110416 id: cord-199156-7yxzj7tw author: Chan, Ho Fai title: Risk Attitudes and Human Mobility during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-10 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Behavioral responses to pandemics are less shaped by actual mortality or hospitalization risks than they are by risk attitudes. We explore human mobility patterns as a measure of behavioral responses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results indicate that risk-taking attitude is a critical factor in predicting reduction in human mobility and increase social confinement around the globe. We find that the sharp decline in movement after the WHO (World Health Organization) declared COVID-19 to be a pandemic can be attributed to risk attitudes. Our results suggest that regions with risk-averse attitudes are more likely to adjust their behavioral activity in response to the declaration of a pandemic even before most official government lockdowns. Further understanding of the basis of responses to epidemics, e.g., precautionary behavior, will help improve the containment of the spread of the virus. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.06078v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-338580-zszeldfv author: Chang, Yu-Kai title: Exercise Behavior and Mood during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Taiwan: Lessons for the Future date: 2020-09-28 words: 6620.0 sentences: 320.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338580-zszeldfv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338580-zszeldfv.txt summary: This study aims to explore the influence of COVID-19 on exercise behavior and its impact on mood states, as well as predict changes in exercise behavior during a similar future pandemic in Taiwan. Those who exercised for 2-3 days per week prepandemic and were able to maintain their exercise frequency, had higher mood states compared to those who decreased their exercise frequency to one day or less during the COVID-19 pandemic (b pre2:during1-2 = −0.25, p < 0.01). Exercise frequency during the COVID-19 pandemic had no significant effect on mood states for those who exercised one day or less prepandemic (p > 0.05). In general, higher frequencies of exercise during the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in better mood states. Our study is the first study conducted to investigate the changes in exercise behavior and mood states during the COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan. abstract: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its associated governmental recommendations and restrictions have influenced many aspects of human life, including exercise and mental health. This study aims to explore the influence of COVID-19 on exercise behavior and its impact on mood states, as well as predict changes in exercise behavior during a similar future pandemic in Taiwan. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted between 7 April and 13 May 2020 (n = 1114). Data on exercise behavior pre and during the pandemic and mood states were collected. A cumulative link model was used to predict changes in exercise frequency during a similar future pandemic by exercise frequency during the pandemic. A linear model was used to predict the influence of exercise frequency before and during the pandemic on mood states during the pandemic. A total of 71.2%, 67.3%, and 58.3% of respondents maintained their exercise intensity, frequency, and duration, respectively, during the pandemic. Frequent exercisers are more likely to maintain their exercise frequency during a similar pandemic (p < 0.001). Higher exercise frequencies during the pandemic were associated with better mood states (p < 0.05). Moreover, the effects of prepandemic exercise frequency on mood states are moderated by changes in exercise frequency during the pandemic (p < 0.05). Additionally, maintenance of exercise frequency during a pandemic specifically for frequent exercisers are recommended to preserve mood states. These results may provide evidence for health policies on exercise promotion and mental health before and during a future pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197092 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17197092 id: cord-274694-kdsv7v8e author: Chathukulam, Jos title: The Kerala Model in the time of COVID19: rethinking State, Society and Democracy date: 2020-09-23 words: 6370.0 sentences: 305.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274694-kdsv7v8e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274694-kdsv7v8e.txt summary: On the other hand, there are some relatively poor, so-called under-developed countries and regions, such as Vietnam (The Economist, 2020), Cambodia and the small state of Kerala in India (a state within a state) which have emerged as success stories with a record of early and effective interventions, of controlling the spread of the virus, healing the infected and reducing the death rate. We will especially focus on the state and Kerala''s model of an effective and vibrant democracy and "public action" in the words of Dreze and Sen. We argue that while Kerala was blessed with good and efficient leaders during this crisis, the more important factors behind Kerala''s success have been robust institutions of state and governance built over many years with the capacity to take timely and effective measures in handling the crisis. abstract: Kerala, a small state in South India, has been celebrated as a development model by scholars across the world for its exemplary achievements in human development and poverty reduction despite relatively low GDP growth. It was no surprise, then, that the Covid 19 pandemic that hit Kerala before any other part of India, became a test case for the Kerala model in dealing with such a crisis. Kerala was lauded across the world once again as a success story in containing this unprecedented pandemic, in treating those infected, and in making needed provisions for those adversely affected by the lockdown. But as it turned out, this celebration was premature as Kerala soon faced a third wave of Covid 19 infections. The objective of this paper is to examine Kerala’s trajectory in achieving the success and then confronting the unanticipated reversal. It will examine the legacy of the Kerala model such as robust and decentralized institutions and provisions for healthcare, welfare and safety nets, and especially the capacity of a democratic state working in synergy with civil society and enjoying a high degree of consensus and public trust. It will then examine the new surge of the virus and attempts to establish if this was due to any mistakes made by the state or some deficits in its model of “public action” that includes adversarial politics having a disruptive tenor about it. We will conclude by arguing that the Kerala model is still relevant, and that it is still a model in motion. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0305750X2030334X doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105207 id: cord-024134-ym7ce5ux author: Chawla, Sonam title: Preparing for the Perpetual Challenges of Pandemics of Coronavirus Infections with Special Focus on SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-04-30 words: 6803.0 sentences: 379.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-024134-ym7ce5ux.txt txt: ./txt/cord-024134-ym7ce5ux.txt summary: From a bird''s eye view, the COVID-19 pandemic management relies on revolutionizing the disease surveillance by incorporating artificial intelligence and data analytics, boosting the response strategies—extensive testing, case isolation, contact tracing, and social distancing—and promoting awareness and access to pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions, which are discussed in the present chapter. MeSH database defines pandemics as-"Epidemics of infectious disease that have spread to many countries, often more than one continent, and usually affecting a large number of people." Such emergencies compromise human health, society, economics, and politics-a case in point: the COVID-19 pandemic is forecasted to cost the global economy one trillion US dollars (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/? • Healthcare workers and essential service providers • Groups at high risk of death and severe complications requiring hospitalization • Individuals (adults and children aged more than 6 months) in the community who have chronic cardiovascular, pulmonary, metabolic or renal disease, or are immunocompromised • Persons without risk factors for complications (https://www.who.int/csr/ resources/publications/influenza/11_29_01_A.pdf) abstract: COVID-19, arising from novel, zoonotic coronavirus-2, has gripped the world in a pandemic. The present chapter discusses the current internationally implemented pandemic preparedness strategies succeeding/recommended to curb the COVID-19 threat to humankind. The updated phase-wise categorization of a pandemic as recommended by the WHO is described, and associated innovations in surveillance, response, and medical measures/advisory in practice across the globe are elaborated. From a bird’s eye view, the COVID-19 pandemic management relies on revolutionizing the disease surveillance by incorporating artificial intelligence and data analytics, boosting the response strategies—extensive testing, case isolation, contact tracing, and social distancing—and promoting awareness and access to pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions, which are discussed in the present chapter. We also preview the economic bearing of the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7189398/ doi: 10.1007/978-981-15-4814-7_14 id: cord-292502-m76rne1l author: Cheema, S. title: The COVID-19 pandemic: the public health reality date: 2020-09-22 words: 2728.0 sentences: 129.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292502-m76rne1l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292502-m76rne1l.txt summary: Undeniably, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in loss of human life; it has wreaked havoc on healthcare systems worldwide, highlighting inequities in healthcare availability and access; it has resulted in drastic public health measures in most countries of the world. Here, we present data that pose questions on the magnitude of attention that the COVID-19 pandemic has garnered compared to other public health issues that are in dire need of prevention and response. The loss of income is likely to result in an increase of adverse health outcomes for many of the individuals affected, and the overall economic crisis will negatively impact the ability of entire countries to provide effective healthcare to their citizens. Hence, we believe that the mortality and disease burden during and after the COVID-19 pandemic due to the social and economic consequences of the preventive measures and other factors can be substantially high. abstract: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19), while mild in most cases, has nevertheless caused significant mortality. The measures adopted in most countries to contain it have led to colossal social and economic disruptions, which will impact the medium- and long-term health outcomes for many communities. In this paper, we deliberate on the reality and facts surrounding the disease. For comparison, we present data from past pandemics, some of which claimed more lives than COVID-19. Mortality data on road traffic crashes and other non-communicable diseases, which cause more deaths each year than COVID-19 has so far, is also provided. The indirect, serious health and social effects are briefly discussed. We also deliberate on how misinformation, confusion stemming from contrasting expert statements, and lack of international coordination may have influenced the public perception of the illness and increased fear and uncertainty. With pandemics and similar problems likely to re-occur, we call for evidence-based decisions, the restoration of responsible journalism and communication built on a solid scientific foundation. url: https://doi.org/10.1017/s0950268820002216 doi: 10.1017/s0950268820002216 id: cord-347492-zz3walri author: Chellamuthu, Girinivasan title: Pandemic response protocol of a non-frontline specialty in a multispecialty tertiary health care centre—a pilot model in orthopaedics date: 2020-05-29 words: 3134.0 sentences: 189.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347492-zz3walri.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347492-zz3walri.txt summary: title: Pandemic response protocol of a non-frontline specialty in a multispecialty tertiary health care centre—a pilot model in orthopaedics PREP which is in line with the WHO action plan, will be an essential minimum response of a non-frontline pandemic response specialty like orthopedics to combat and curtail the effects of a pandemic in a multispecialty tertiary health care centre. The PREP should allow a non-frontline pandemic specialist like an orthopaedician to be alert and trained to evolve as a frontline health care provider, as and when the situation demands, on the lines of development of a pandemic. At this stage, essentially, the orthopaedic surgeons would have to become a part of the pandemic response task force which includes the entire health care workforce. abstract: BACKGROUND: 3,181,642 cases and 224,301 deaths in 212 regions of the world—this is the status of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) pandemic as of May 1, 2020. This pandemic has managed to overwhelm the health care system of the most advanced countries in the world. As the whole of the medical fraternity stands robed as health care professionals to fight against COVID-19, specialty emergencies like trauma continue to pester the already overburdened health care community. This situation calls for the need for a pandemic response protocol (PREP) in each specialty that helps the doctors to manage specialty emergencies without chaos and at the same time allowing them to play their part in pandemic management. CONCLUSION: PREP as an integrated pragmatic approach is essential in containing pandemics as they need international cooperation at various levels starting from knowledge sharing to monetary support. PREP which is in line with the WHO action plan, will be an essential minimum response of a non-frontline pandemic response specialty like orthopedics to combat and curtail the effects of a pandemic in a multispecialty tertiary health care centre. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32468203/ doi: 10.1007/s00264-020-04622-w id: cord-332145-rw16o02g author: Chen, Patrick M. title: Evolving Healthcare Delivery in Neurology During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic date: 2020-05-29 words: 2963.0 sentences: 169.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332145-rw16o02g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332145-rw16o02g.txt summary: The pandemic changed the assumptions made by most developed health care system: ample supplies and an overwhelmingly safe environment for patients and healthcare providers. One key lesson from the COVID-19 experience internationally is the rapid depletion and scarcity of medical supplies [e.g., personal protective equipment (PPE) and mechanical ventilators], beds, and staff-an increasing occupational hazard for health care workers (2) (3) (4) . Similarly little is known about the impact of COVID-19 on the psychological health of our team members who face a number of stresses: occupational risk, evolving policy changes, and unprecedented ethical decisions. A key question remains of how we will prepare for the return of neurologic patients with delayed diagnosis because of COVID-19. Currently, the risk of exposure to COVID-19 in the hospital leads providers and patients to prefer outpatient workup, forgoing, or curtailing inpatient monitoring. Acute stroke care in the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2020.00578 doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00578 id: cord-323137-8b06u7kt author: Chern, Alexander title: Dissemination of Information During Public Health Crises: Early COVID‐19 Data From The Laryngoscope date: 2020-10-06 words: 3346.0 sentences: 165.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323137-8b06u7kt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323137-8b06u7kt.txt summary: CONCLUSIONS: The Laryngoscope rapidly disseminated quality publications during the COVID‐19 pandemic by upholding a robust peer‐review process while expediting editorial steps, highlighting relevant articles online, and providing open access to make COVID‐19‐related publications available as quickly as possible. During a public health crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important for medical journals to share information in a timely manner while simultaneously maintaining a robust peerreview process. Comprehensive review of two databases (PubMed and The Laryngoscope journal website) was performed on July 8, 2020 to identify The Laryngoscope publications pertaining to the COVID-19 pandemic and historic respiratory pandemics of the 20th and 21st century. Publication data (e.g., number of submissions and acceptances, time from manuscript receipt to acceptance) of The Laryngoscope during historic pandemic years were not available for comparison to current COVID-19 publication data. During a public health crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important for medical journals to share essential information in a timely manner while maintaining a robust peer-review process. abstract: OBJECTIVES: During a public health crisis, it is important for medical journals to share information in a timely manner while maintaining a robust peer‐review process. This review reports and analyzes The Laryngoscope's publication trends and practices during the COVID‐19 pandemic, before the COVID‐19 pandemic, and during previous pandemics. METHODS: Comprehensive review of two databases (PubMed and The Laryngoscope) was performed. COVID‐19 manuscripts (published in The Laryngoscope during the first 4 months of the pandemic) were identified and compared to manuscripts pertaining to historic pandemics (published in The Laryngoscope during the first 2 years of each outbreak). Keywords included “Laryngoscope”, “flu”, “pandemic”, “influenza”, “SARS”, “severe acute respiratory syndrome”, “coronavirus”, “COVID‐19”, and “SARS‐CoV‐2”. Data were obtained from The Laryngoscope to characterize publication trends during and before the COVID‐19 pandemic. RESULTS: From March 1, 2020 to June 30, 2020, The Laryngoscope had 203 COVID‐19 submissions. As of July 8, 2020, 20 (9.9%) were accepted, 117 (57.6%) under review, and 66 (32.5%) rejected. During the first 4 months of the pandemic, 18 COVID‐19 manuscripts were published. The mean number of days from submission to online publication was 45, compared to 170 in 2018 and 196 in 2019. A total of 4 manuscripts concerning previous pandemics were published during the initial 2 years of each outbreak. CONCLUSIONS: The Laryngoscope rapidly disseminated quality publications during the COVID‐19 pandemic by upholding a robust peer‐review process while expediting editorial steps, highlighting relevant articles online, and providing open access to make COVID‐19‐related publications available as quickly as possible. Laryngoscope, 2020 url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32964454/ doi: 10.1002/lary.29147 id: cord-298156-d0pb1kik author: Cheval, Sorin title: Observed and Potential Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Environment date: 2020-06-10 words: 11027.0 sentences: 569.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298156-d0pb1kik.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298156-d0pb1kik.txt summary: Consequently, by the end of April 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to numerous environmental impacts, both positive such as enhanced air and water quality in urban areas, and negative, such as shoreline pollution due to the disposal of sanitary consumables. The concept of disaster has evolved over time, and here we use an adapted Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) definition: a disaster is an event, which severely alters the functioning of a community due to hazardous physical, biological or human related impacts leading to widespread adverse effects on multiple scales and systems (environment, economic, social). While negative impacts on the economy and society in general are probably huge, it is very likely that the global-scale reduction of economic activities due to the COVID-19 crisis triggers a lot of sensible improvements in environmental quality and climatic systems. abstract: Various environmental factors influence the outbreak and spread of epidemic or even pandemic events which, in turn, may cause feedbacks on the environment. The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic on 13 March 2020 and its rapid onset, spatial extent and complex consequences make it a once-in-a-century global disaster. Most countries responded by social distancing measures and severely diminished economic and other activities. Consequently, by the end of April 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to numerous environmental impacts, both positive such as enhanced air and water quality in urban areas, and negative, such as shoreline pollution due to the disposal of sanitary consumables. This study presents an early overview of the observed and potential impacts of the COVID-19 on the environment. We argue that the effects of COVID-19 are determined mainly by anthropogenic factors which are becoming obvious as human activity diminishes across the planet, and the impacts on cities and public health will be continued in the coming years. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114140 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17114140 id: cord-335005-ezp4mery author: China, Anne title: Pandemics and the future of human-landscape interactions date: 2020-08-27 words: 4029.0 sentences: 218.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335005-ezp4mery.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335005-ezp4mery.txt summary: We highlight the link between rising pandemics and accelerating global human impacts on Earth, thereby suggesting that pandemics may be an emerging element of the "Anthropocene." Examples from Denver, Colorado, USA, show how policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic changed human-environment interactions and created anomalous landscapes at the local scale in relation to the quality of air and patterns of acquiring and consuming food. Next, we present two examples from the city of Denver, Colorado (USA), showing how policy responses to the spread of the virus triggered exchanges that altered human-environment interactions and created emergent new landscapes-in relation to the quality of air and ways of obtaining and eating foods-with implications for managing the effects of pandemics at a local scale. Though the origins of pandemics are rooted in global-scale human impacts on environment, i.e., the Anthropocene, the COVID-19 case shows how their riveting effects can also alter humanlandscape interactions locally, with consequent cross-scale feedbacks. abstract: Pandemics have accelerated in frequency in recent decades, with COVID-19 the latest to join the list. Emerging in late 2019 in Wuhan, China, the virus has spread quickly through the world, affecting billions of people through quarantine, and at the same time claiming more than 800,000 lives worldwide. While early reflections from the academic community have tended to target the microbiology, medicine, and animal science communities, this article articulates a viewpoint from a perspective of human interactions with Earth systems. We highlight the link between rising pandemics and accelerating global human impacts on Earth, thereby suggesting that pandemics may be an emerging element of the “Anthropocene.” Examples from Denver, Colorado, USA, show how policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic changed human-environment interactions and created anomalous landscapes at the local scale in relation to the quality of air and patterns of acquiring and consuming food. In recognizing the significance of novel infectious diseases as part of understanding human-landscape interactions in the Anthropocene, as well as the multi-scale interconnectedness between environment and health, this viewpoint converges toward an urgent need for new paradigms for research and teaching. The program required extends well beyond the already broad interdisciplinary scholarship essential for addressing human-landscape interactions, by integrating the work of health scientists, disease specialists, immunologists, virologists, veterinarians, behavioral scientists, and health policy experts. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213305420300229?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ancene.2020.100256 id: cord-306958-8bx8kxxh author: Christensen, Sarah R. title: Political and personal reactions to COVID-19 during initial weeks of social distancing in the United States date: 2020-09-24 words: 4271.0 sentences: 223.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306958-8bx8kxxh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306958-8bx8kxxh.txt summary: This study examines individual attitudes, behaviors, anxieties, mental health impacts, and knowledge early in the pandemic response, as well as those outcomes by sociodemographic characteristics and political ideology. Four items asked respondents to indicate agreement on a 7-point scale that "events related to COVID-19 had interrupted" their social life, home life, work or vocational life, and/or hurt their mental health. Chi-square, t, and F tests were used to examine the influence of demographic characteristics, political ideology, and mental health on attitudes, knowledge, anxieties, behavior change, and impact variables. Initial covariate selection included all variables that were significant (p <0.05) in bivariate tests, including: political ideology, bias score for consumed news media, attitudes toward global warming and vaccination, sex, race, poverty level, and education. In the adjusted logistic regression model ( Table 2 ) liberals had 5.7 (95%CI: 3.3-9.7) and moderates had 2.5 (95%CI 1.5-4.3) times the odds of responding that the government had not done enough in response to COVID-19 compared to conservatives. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine perceptions, behaviors, and impacts surrounding COVID-19 early in the pandemic response. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 1,030 U.S. adults was administered on March 31st, 2020. This survey examined attitudes toward media, government, and community responses to COVID-19 by political ideology and sociodemographic factors. Knowledge, anxieties, and impacts of COVID-19 were also assessed. RESULTS: Conservatives were more likely to report that COVID-19 was receiving too much media coverage and people were generally overreacting; liberals were more likely to report the government had not done enough in response to the pandemic. Females and those with lower income experienced more COVID-19 related economic anxieties. Those working and with children at home reported higher social, home, and work disruption. Social distancing behaviors were more common among liberals and were associated with increases in depressive symptoms. General knowledge about COVID-19 was widely exhibited across the sample, however, Black and Hispanic respondents were less likely to correctly answer questions about the availability of a vaccine and modes of transmission. CONCLUSIONS: Public health experts should consider the political climate in crafting messaging that appeals to the values of those across the political spectrum. Research on the COVID-19 pandemic should continue to monitor the effects of social distancing on mental health and among vulnerable populations. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239693 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239693 id: cord-290471-xg9d4dex author: Coleman, Brian C title: Adapting to disruption of research during the COVID-19 pandemic while testing nonpharmacological approaches to pain management date: 2020-09-04 words: 3971.0 sentences: 166.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290471-xg9d4dex.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290471-xg9d4dex.txt summary: Sudden changes in the delivery of pain management interventions will probably alter treatment effects measured via PMC PCTs. Through the use of harmonized instruments and surveys, we are capturing these changes and plan to monitor the impact on research practices, as well as on health outcomes. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Department of Defense (DoD) Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Pain Management Collaboratory (PMC) is currently supporting 11 large-scale, multisite, embedded pragmatic clinical trials (PCTs) in military and veteran health systems to evaluate nonpharmacological approaches and integrated pain care models to manage pain and important comorbidities [12] . The rapidly evolving pandemic brought heightened focus of frequent PMC Work Group discussions, which unearthed both immediate and longer-term issues related to effects of the pandemic on the management of chronic pain and our ability to test and deliver integrated care solutions to individuals in at-risk military and veteran populations. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has slowed research progress, with particularly disruptive effects on investigations of addressing urgent public health challenges, such as chronic pain. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Department of Defense (DoD) Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Pain Management Collaboratory (PMC) supports 11 large-scale, multisite, embedded pragmatic clinical trials (PCTs) in military and veteran health systems. The PMC rapidly developed and enacted a plan to address key issues in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The PMC tracked and collaborated in developing plans for addressing COVID-19 impacts across multiple domains and characterized the impact of COVID-19 on PCT operations, including delays in recruitment and revisions of study protocols. A harmonized participant questionnaire will facilitate later meta-analyses and cross-study comparisons of the impact of COVID-19 across all 11 PCTs. The pandemic has affected intervention delivery, outcomes, regulatory and ethics issues, participant recruitment, and study design. The PMC took concrete steps to ensure scientific rigor while encouraging flexibility in the PCTs, while paying close attention to minimizing the burden on research participants, investigators, and clinical care teams. Sudden changes in the delivery of pain management interventions will probably alter treatment effects measured via PMC PCTs. Through the use of harmonized instruments and surveys, we are capturing these changes and plan to monitor the impact on research practices, as well as on health outcomes. Analyses of patient-reported measures over time will inform potential relationships between chronic pain, mental health, and various socioeconomic stressors common among Americans during the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/tbm/ibaa074 doi: 10.1093/tbm/ibaa074 id: cord-006100-zvb7bxix author: Connolly, John title: The “wicked problems” of governing UK health security disaster prevention: The case of pandemic influenza date: 2015-06-01 words: 6375.0 sentences: 244.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-006100-zvb7bxix.txt txt: ./txt/cord-006100-zvb7bxix.txt summary: The paper also serves to identify that although contingencies management for epidemiological issues require technical and scientific considerations to feature in governance arrangements, equally there are key "wicked problems" in the context public policy that pervade the health security sector. There are studies which consider crisis management, resilience and risk in the context of UK public policy (e.g. McConnell, 2003; Drennan and McConnell, 2006; Brassett et al., 2013) , however, there are very few case-based research studies which illustrate crisis and disaster governance challenges from the perspective of those institutions and policy actors that are responsible for managing such "wicked problems" from a macro-level policy position. The wicked problem of UK territorial governance UK policy actors (i.e. in Scottish and UK governments) in the area of health security have highlighted the domestic state-level challenges of managing planning for pandemic disease within UK borders and the political dimensions to this process. abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper is to examine the governance and policy-making challenges in the context of “wicked problems” based on the case of pandemic influenza. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The case study research is based on an analysis of official documentation and interviews with policy elites at multiple levels of UK governance. FINDINGS: Results of this study show that policy actors regard risk communication, the dynamics of international public policy and UK territorial governance as the main governance challenges in the management of influenza at a macro-level. The paper also serves to identify that although contingencies management for epidemiological issues require technical and scientific considerations to feature in governance arrangements, equally there are key “wicked problems” in the context public policy that pervade the health security sector. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The study indicates the need to build in resources at a national level to plan for policy coordination challenges in areas that might at first be seen as devoid of political machinations (such as technical areas of public policy that might be underpinned by epidemiological processes). The identification of the major governance challenges that emerge from the pandemic influenza case study is a springboard for a research agenda in relation to the analysis of the parallels and paradoxes of governance challenges for health security across EU member states. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: This paper provides a novel interrogation of the pandemic influenza case study in the context of UK governance and public policy by providing a strategic policy lens from perspective of elites. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7098008/ doi: 10.1108/dpm-09-2014-0196 id: cord-341684-buj8u63b author: Corbet, Shaen title: Any port in a storm: Cryptocurrency safe-havens during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-07 words: 1349.0 sentences: 73.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341684-buj8u63b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341684-buj8u63b.txt summary: Controlling for the polarity and subjectivity of social media data based on the development of the COVID-19 outbreak, we analyse the relationships between the largest cryptocurrencies and such time-varying realisation as to the scale of the economic shock centralised within the rapidly-escalating pandemic. We find evidence of significant growth in both returns and volumes traded, indicating that large cryptocurrencies acted as a store of value during this period of exceptional financial market stress. Such techniques allow for analysis not only of sentiment based on the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic, but also as to interlinkages between such sentiment and cryptocurrencies as a safe-haven asset in such time of extreme financial market panic. When considering the role of negative sentiment relating to the outbreak and development of the COVID-19 pandemic, our results suggest that there developed significant and pronounced timevarying price-volatility effects as investors identified both the severity and nature of the pandemic''s growth trajectory and potential economic repercussions. abstract: Controlling for the polarity and subjectivity of social media data based on the development of the COVID-19 outbreak, we analyse the relationships between the largest cryptocurrencies and such time-varying realisation as to the scale of the economic shock centralised within the rapidly-escalating pandemic. We find evidence of significant growth in both returns and volumes traded, indicating that large cryptocurrencies acted as a store of value during this period of exceptional financial market stress. Further, cryptocurrency returns are found to be significantly influenced by negative sentiment relating to COVID-19. While not only providing diversification benefits for investors, results suggest that these digital assets acted as a safe-haven similar to that of precious metals during historic crises. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32834235/ doi: 10.1016/j.econlet.2020.109377 id: cord-315619-gowtohr8 author: Cox, Rebecca C. title: Pre-pandemic disgust proneness predicts increased coronavirus anxiety and safety behaviors: Evidence for a diathesis-stress model date: 2020-09-22 words: 4267.0 sentences: 219.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315619-gowtohr8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315619-gowtohr8.txt summary: Two moderation models were tested using the PROCESS macro (Hayes, 2017 ) to examine whether current stress level moderated the relation between pre-pandemic disgust proneness and coronavirus fear and safety behaviors, respectively, controlling for number of COVID-19 cases by state. Conditional effects analysis revealed that there was no significant relation between pre-pandemic disgust proneness and coronavirus fear at low and medium levels of current stress (p''s > .05). Conditional effects analysis revealed that there was no significant relation between pre-pandemic disgust proneness and coronavirus safety behaviors at low levels of current stress (p > .05). The present study examined the predictive effect of pre-pandemic disgust proneness on coronavirus anxiety and safety behaviors during the pandemic, as well as the moderating effect of current levels of perceived stress. In contrast, those reporting low current perceived stress did not demonstrate a significant relation between pre-pandemic disgust proneness and coronavirus safety behaviors. abstract: Although health anxiety and corresponding safety behaviors can facilitate disease transmission avoidance, they can be maladaptive in excess, including during the coronavirus pandemic. Disgust proneness (i.e., tendency to experience and be sensitive to disgust) is one factor that may predict elevated coronavirus anxiety and safety behaviors during the pandemic, given the role of disgust in avoiding disease transmission. The present study examined the relations between pre-pandemic disgust proneness and coronavirus anxiety and safety behaviors in community adults who completed a 2016 study and were re-contacted on 4/1/2020 (N = 360). Interactions between pre-pandemic disgust proneness and current perceived stress were tested to examine a diathesis-stress model of the role of disgust proneness in anxiety response to the pandemic. Increased pre-pandemic disgust proneness predicted increased coronavirus anxiety and safety behaviors, controlling for number of COVID-19 cases by state. Consistent with a diathesis-stress model, current perceived stress moderated this effect, such that highest coronavirus anxiety and safety behaviors were reported by those with high disgust proneness and high stress. Trait disgust proneness may be a vulnerability factor for anxiety responses to the coronavirus pandemic, particularly among individuals experiencing high stress. Assessing disgust proneness and current stress may facilitate targeted anxiety intervention during the pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102315 doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102315 id: cord-026371-5jrvkk60 author: Craighead, Christopher W. title: Pandemics and Supply Chain Management Research: Toward a Theoretical Toolbox date: 2020-05-20 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The COVID‐19 pandemic paralyzed the world and revealed the critical importance of supply chain management – perhaps more so than any other event in modern history – in navigating crises. The extensive scope of disruption, massive spillover of effects across countries and industries, and extreme shifts in demand and supply that occurred during the COVID‐19 pandemic illustrate that pandemics are qualitatively different from typical disruptions. As such, pandemics require scholars to take a fresh look at what lenses offer understanding of supply chain phenomena in order to help supply chain managers better prepare for the next pandemic and foster transiliency (i.e., the ability to simultaneously restore some processes and change – often radically – others). To help scholars and managers achieve these aims, we offer an agenda for supply chain management research on pandemics by considering how the key tenets of well‐known and emergent theories can illuminate challenges and potential solutions. Specifically, we consider how resource dependence theory, institutional theory, resource orchestration theory, structural inertia, game theory, real options theory, event systems theory, awareness‐motivation‐capability framework, prospect theory, and tournament theory offer ideas that can help scholars build knowledge about pandemics’ effects on supply chains as well as help managers formulate responses. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7276808/ doi: 10.1111/deci.12468 id: cord-257706-as5yhroz author: Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto title: Mental health and the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic date: 2020-05-12 words: 645.0 sentences: 35.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257706-as5yhroz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257706-as5yhroz.txt summary: That is how long the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic gave us to adapt individually, socially and professionally to a context never before experienced or even imagined, a scenario of high stress that has already changed our way of life and that of future generations. 1 describe, with historic and international vision of this and other pandemics, the experiences and action plans related to mental health services involved in responding to the diversity of needs generated. The term stress was first used to describe situations in which aggressive external factors trigger a physiological response and behavior to prepare the individual to cope with these E-mail address: benedicto.crespo.sspa@juntadeandalucia.es stimuli 2 . As individuals and society, we need to seek solutions to the external problem, but it is also fundamental to our mental health to be able to manage our distress and emotions in coping with this polyhedral stressor (even if we cannot do anything to change the situation) 5 . abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1888989120300355 doi: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2020.04.010 id: cord-003340-nqc1pduk author: Dahal, Sushma title: Natality Decline and Spatial Variation in Excess Death Rates During the 1918–1920 Influenza Pandemic in Arizona, United States date: 2018-07-26 words: 3326.0 sentences: 167.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-003340-nqc1pduk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-003340-nqc1pduk.txt summary: title: Natality Decline and Spatial Variation in Excess Death Rates During the 1918–1920 Influenza Pandemic in Arizona, United States Moreover, excess mortality rates were highest in northern Arizona counties, where Native Americans were historically concentrated, suggesting a link between ethnic and/or sociodemographic factors and risk of pandemic-related death. Moreover, excess mortality rates were highest in northern Arizona counties, where Native Americans were historically concentrated, suggesting a link between ethnic and/or sociodemographic factors and risk of pandemic-related death. We also analyzed 21,334 individual birth certificates to quantify the impact of the 1918-1920 influenza pandemic on natality fluctuations in Maricopa county, the most populous county in Arizona state. Likewise, our results suggest that northern counties in Arizona with high Native American population density (e.g., Apache, Coconino, and Navajo) experienced higher excess pandemic death rates compared with other counties in the state. abstract: A large body of epidemiologic research has concentrated on the 1918 influenza pandemic, but more work is needed to understand spatial variation in pandemic mortality and its effects on natality. We collected and analyzed 35,151 death records from Arizona for 1915–1921 and 21,334 birth records from Maricopa county for 1915–1925. We estimated the number of excess deaths and births before, during, and after the pandemic period, and we found a significant decline in the number of births occurring 9–11 months after peak pandemic mortality. Moreover, excess mortality rates were highest in northern Arizona counties, where Native Americans were historically concentrated, suggesting a link between ethnic and/or sociodemographic factors and risk of pandemic-related death. The relationship between birth patterns and pandemic mortality risk should be further studied at different spatial scales and in different ethnic groups. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6269250/ doi: 10.1093/aje/kwy146 id: cord-316963-2ex4c7tj author: Dai, Bibing title: The effects of governmental and individual predictors on COVID‐19 protective behaviors in China: a path analysis model date: 2020-05-19 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic has plunged the world into a crisis. To contain the crisis, it is essential to build full cooperation between the government and the public. However, it is unclear which governmental and individual factors are the determinants and how they interact on protective behaviors against COVID‐19. To resolve this issue, this study built a multiple mediation model and found government emergency public information as detailed pandemic information and positive risk communication had more important impacts on protective behaviors than rumor refutation and supplies. Moreover, governmental factors could indirectly affect protective behaviors through individual factors such as perceived efficacy, positive emotions, and risk perception. These findings suggest that systematic intervention programs for governmental factors need to be integrated with individual factors to finally achieve effective prevention and control of the COVID‐19 pandemic among the public. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32836438/ doi: 10.1111/puar.13236 id: cord-301264-lkfhtb1w author: Davahli, Mohammad Reza title: The Hospitality Industry in the Face of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Current Topics and Research Methods date: 2020-10-09 words: 7860.0 sentences: 418.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301264-lkfhtb1w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301264-lkfhtb1w.txt summary: The reviewed articles focused on different aspects of the hospitality industry, including hospitality workers'' issues, loss of jobs, revenue impact, the COVID-19 spreading patterns in the industry, market demand, prospects for recovery of the hospitality industry, safety and health, travel behavior, and preference of customers. The reported approaches include simulation and scenario modeling for discovering the COVID-19 spreading patterns, field surveys, secondary data analysis, discussing the resumption of activities during and after the pandemic, comparing the COVID-19 pandemic with previous public health crises, and measuring the impact of the pandemic in terms of economics. The studies reported impacts of the pandemic on different aspects of the hospitality industry, including job loss, revenue losses, access to loans, market demand, emerging new markets, hostile behaviors towards foreigners, and issues of hospitality workers and hotel cleaners. abstract: This study reports on a systematic review of the published literature used to reveal the current research investigating the hospitality industry in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. The presented review identified relevant papers using Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases. Of the 175 articles found, 50 papers met the predefined inclusion criteria. The included papers were classified concerning the following dimensions: the source of publication, hospitality industry domain, and methodology. The reviewed articles focused on different aspects of the hospitality industry, including hospitality workers’ issues, loss of jobs, revenue impact, the COVID-19 spreading patterns in the industry, market demand, prospects for recovery of the hospitality industry, safety and health, travel behavior, and preference of customers. The results revealed a variety of research approaches that have been used to investigate the hospitality industry at the time of the pandemic. The reported approaches include simulation and scenario modeling for discovering the COVID-19 spreading patterns, field surveys, secondary data analysis, discussing the resumption of activities during and after the pandemic, comparing the COVID-19 pandemic with previous public health crises, and measuring the impact of the pandemic in terms of economics. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33050203/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17207366 id: cord-029245-ay15ybcm author: Davies, Stephen title: Pandemics and the consequences of COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-29 words: 3320.0 sentences: 151.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-029245-ay15ybcm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-029245-ay15ybcm.txt summary: There is also an inescapable economic aspect to pandemics, in terms of both their dynamics (the way they spread and the reasons why they appear when and where they do), and their consequences, among which economic impacts loom large. (In 1918-19 the time it took Spanish flu to travel from one part of the world to another was measured in months.) All this leads to the conclusion that several features of the world we live in, such as high levels of economic integration and trade, widespread mass travel, and rapid modes of transport, make it much more vulnerable to a true pandemic. These and other features of the modern world also mean that the economic impact of an extensive epidemic is going to be much greater than was the case in, for example, 1968-69. Moreover, the early signs are that lockdowns may not have had such a dramatic effect on rates of infection and rapidity of spread during the first phase of this pandemic. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7361832/ doi: 10.1111/ecaf.12415 id: cord-017733-xofwk88a author: Davis, Mark title: Uncertainty and Immunity in Public Communications on Pandemics date: 2018-11-04 words: 4521.0 sentences: 216.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-017733-xofwk88a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-017733-xofwk88a.txt summary: The chapter draws on research conducted in Australia and Scotland on public engagements with the 2009 influenza (swine flu) pandemic and discusses implications for communications on more recent infectious disease outbreaks, including Ebola and Zika. Like the "swine flu affair" of the 1970s in the United States (Fineberg 2008) , the 2009 pandemic raised questions for the public health system of how to shape public action in light of the significant uncertainties which are particular to influenza, and without jeopardizing trust in government and the scientific knowledge on which is built public policy. Appeals to the collective good and altruistic vaccination on which depend public health efforts concerning pandemics, may miss the point that individuals are led to think of their personal immunity as an arena within which they can sustain themselves in the face of deeply uncertain threats which arise in communal life. Individualized ideas of immunity in connection with uncertainties may limit the effectiveness of public health communications on influenza pandemics and other contagious threats. abstract: This chapter examines uncertainty in the expert advice on pandemics given to members of the general public. The chapter draws on research conducted in Australia and Scotland on public engagements with the 2009 influenza (swine flu) pandemic and discusses implications for communications on more recent infectious disease outbreaks, including Ebola and Zika. It shows how public health messages aim to achieve a workable balance of warning and reassurance and deflect problems of trust in experts and science. The chapter considers how uncertainties which prevail in pandemics reinforce the personalization of responses to pandemic risk, in ways that undermine the cooperation and collective action which are also needed to respond effectively to pandemics. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7122379/ doi: 10.1007/978-981-13-2802-2_3 id: cord-001634-mi5gcfcw author: Davis, Mark D M title: Beyond resistance: social factors in the general public response to pandemic influenza date: 2015-04-29 words: 6683.0 sentences: 328.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-001634-mi5gcfcw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-001634-mi5gcfcw.txt summary: In relation to pandemic influenza, public communications feature in preparedness and response planning which requires that members of the general public adopt measures during a public health emergency, including: hygiene (e.g., covering the mouth and nose when sneezing or coughing, washing hands, keeping surfaces clean, avoiding sharing personal items) and the avoidance of close contact with others [4] . This paper, therefore, uses inductive, qualitative research methods to develop new knowledge on how members of the general population respond to pandemic influenza, set against the backdrop of the assumed resistance on the part of the general public and related critiques, including, health risk fatigue, the risk communication dilemma and individualism. The research aimed to identify how members of the general public respond to pandemic influenza so that public health communications can be designed to engage with how its audiences respond to risk messages and how they enact hygiene, social isolation and related measures. abstract: BACKGROUND: Influencing the general public response to pandemics is a public health priority. There is a prevailing view, however, that the general public is resistant to communications on pandemic influenza and that behavioural responses to the 2009/10 H1N1 pandemic were not sufficient. Using qualitative methods, this paper investigates how members of the general public respond to pandemic influenza and the hygiene, social isolation and other measures proposed by public health. Going beyond the commonly deployed notion that the general public is resistant to public health communications, this paper examines how health individualism, gender and real world constraints enable and limit individual action. METHODS: In-depth interviews (n = 57) and focus groups (ten focus groups; 59 individuals) were conducted with community samples in Melbourne, Sydney and Glasgow. Participants were selected according to maximum variation sampling using purposive criteria, including: 1) pregnancy in 2009/2010; 2) chronic illness; 3) aged 70 years and over; 4) no disclosed health problems. Verbatim transcripts were subjected to inductive, thematic analysis. RESULTS: Respondents did not express resistance to public health communications, but gave insight into how they interpreted and implemented guidance. An individualistic approach to pandemic risk predominated. The uptake of hygiene, social isolation and vaccine strategies was constrained by seeing oneself ‘at risk’ but not ‘a risk’ to others. Gender norms shape how members of the general public enact hygiene and social isolation. Other challenges pertained to over-reliance on perceived remoteness from risk, expectation of recovery from infection and practical constraints on the uptake of vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, respondents were engaged with public health advice regarding pandemic influenza, indicating that the idea of public resistance has limited explanatory power. Public communications are endorsed, but challenges persist. Individualistic approaches to pandemic risk inhibit acting for the benefit of others and may deepen divisions in the community according to health status. Public communications on pandemics are mediated by gender norms that may overburden women and limit the action of men. Social research on the public response to pandemics needs to focus on the social structures and real world settings and relationships that shape the action of individuals. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4419473/ doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-1756-8 id: cord-319853-jr8x5emx author: De Castro, Leonardo title: A fair allocation approach to the ethics of scarce resources in the context of a pandemic: The need to prioritize the worst‐off in the Philippines date: 2020-09-23 words: 8499.0 sentences: 415.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319853-jr8x5emx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319853-jr8x5emx.txt summary: . Indeed, health equity as a consideration has an enormously wide reach and relevance." 14 This approach considers the impact of how health-related resources have been allocated or distributed and looks at the issues over a period that precedes the onset of the COVID-19 emergency and extends beyond the expected end of the current pandemic. This paper discusses the fairness of allocation measures in relation to the dispensing of adequate information, the provision of isolation and quarantine facilities, the availability of healthcare services and providers, and the criteria for triage in the hospital setting. In this section of the paper, the neglect of these principles, especially the prioritization of the worst off, in public healthcare decision-making is examined in relation to three problems within the Philippines in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: paternalistic decision-making complicated by false information, failure to be mindful of literacy levels, and failure to account for language and other barriers. abstract: Using a fair allocation approach, this paper identifies and examines important concerns arising from the Philippines’ COVID‐19 response while focusing on difficulties encountered by various sectors in gaining fair access to needed societal resources. The effectiveness of different response measures is anchored on addressing inequities that have permeated Philippine society for a long time. Since most measures that are in place as part of the COVID‐19 response are meant to be temporary, these are unable to resolve the inequities that have led to the magnitude of morbidity and mortality associated with the pandemic. These cannot improve the country’s readiness to deal with pandemics and other emergencies in the future. Transition to a new normal recognizes the possibility that other infectious diseases could come and endanger our health security. Our pandemic experiences are proving that having an egalitarian society will serve the interests not only of disadvantaged sectors but also of everybody else, including the privileged. Response measures should thus take the opportunity to promote equity by giving importance to the concerns of the underprivileged and vulnerable while giving preference to initiatives that can be sustained beyond the period of the current pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32965788/ doi: 10.1111/dewb.12293 id: cord-344866-vhuw4gwn author: Demertzis, Nicolas title: Covid-19 as cultural trauma date: 2020-09-10 words: 10297.0 sentences: 469.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344866-vhuw4gwn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344866-vhuw4gwn.txt summary: Explaining this, Smelser writes: ''with respect to the dimension of time alone, the traumatic process was truncated… The moment of the attacks to the recognition that they constituted a national trauma was a matter of short days, if not hours…The scope of the trauma and the identity of the victims were established immediately… there was an instant consensus that it was a trauma for everybody, for the nation… there was no significant divergence in the reactions of government and community leaders, the media, and the public in assigning meaning to the events as a national tragedy and outrage…there was little evidence of social division around the trauma'' (Smelser 2004, p. However, despite initial high levels of anxiety the pandemic did not evolve into cultural trauma in either, even with an exceptionally high death rate in Sweden and the great difference in trust in authority that distinguishes the two countries. abstract: This paper has two aims. The first is to introduce the concept of compressed cultural trauma, and the second is to apply the theory of cultural trauma in two case studies of the current covid-19 pandemic, Greece and Sweden. Our central question is whether the pandemic will evolve into a cultural trauma in these two countries. We believe the pandemic presents a challenge to cultural trauma theory, which the idea of compressed trauma is meant to address. We conclude that, while the ongoing covid-19 pandemic has had traumatic consequences in Sweden and Greece, it has not evolved into cultural trauma in either country. url: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41290-020-00112-z doi: 10.1057/s41290-020-00112-z id: cord-289919-iqa5pxda author: Deng, Shichang title: Perceived Severity of COVID-19 and Post-pandemic Consumption Willingness: The Roles of Boredom and Sensation-Seeking date: 2020-09-16 words: 6547.0 sentences: 357.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289919-iqa5pxda.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289919-iqa5pxda.txt summary: Study 1 surveyed 1464 Chinese people in March 2020, found the perceived severity of COVID-19 during the pandemic significantly increased the willingness to consume post-pandemic, and boredom stemming from limited activities and sensation-seeking expressions mediated this effect. We suggest that after the COVID-19 pandemic is effectively controlled, people are highly likely to engage in a variety of consumption activities precisely because shopping is a complex stimulus that can relieve consumers'' boredom state (Sundström et al., 2019) and satisfy their sensation-seeking needs (Punj, 2011; Deng and Gao, 2015) . Study 1 aims to use the questionnaire modeling method to test H1 and H2 (i.e., whether perceived severity of COVID-19 increased ones'' post-pandemic consumption willingness through the mediating roles of boredom from limited activities and sensation-seeking expressions). abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic restricts people’s activities and makes consumer businesses suffered. This study explored the relationship between the perceived severity of COVID-19 and the post-pandemic consumption willingness. Study 1 surveyed 1464 Chinese people in March 2020, found the perceived severity of COVID-19 during the pandemic significantly increased the willingness to consume post-pandemic, and boredom stemming from limited activities and sensation-seeking expressions mediated this effect. Study 2 conducted an experiment with 174 participants in August 2020, found a high level of perceived severity of COVID-19 and the experience of life tedium during the pandemic significantly increased individuals’ impulsive buying tendencies after the pandemic. The results suggested the level of perceived severity of COVID-19 may influence people’s post-pandemic consumption patterns. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.567784 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.567784 id: cord-277801-auq3msc6 author: Deora, Harsh title: Adapting Neurosurgery Practice During The Covid-19 Pandemic In The Indian Subcontinent date: 2020-07-15 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: ABSTRACT Background The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the practice of neurosurgery. Significant resources have been dedicated to it. The pandemic in the Indian subcontinent, when compared to the rest of the world, is relatively delayed. The neurosurgical practice cannot remain unaffected by hugely disruptive measures such as a lockdown. The inevitable rise in covid infections with its gradual relaxation continues to pose a risk for health care providers. Therefore, it is imperative to evaluate whether the pandemic has had a discernible effect on the same especially in terms of practice modifications in private establishments and publicly funded hospitals, the emotional impact on the surgeon, and the influence of social media on the psyche of the surgeon. Material and Methods An online questionnaire-based survey was prepared, with questions related to the COVID specific themes of precautions taken in outpatient services and operation theaters, the influence of social media, the economic loss incurred, and the perceptible impact of telemedicine and webinars. The links to the survey were mailed to neurosurgeons in private and public practice all over the country. The responses were anonymized to ensure free and unbiased answers to the survey questions. Results A total of 176 responses were received from all over the Indian Sub-Continent. The median age of respondents was 39years (range 32-70 yrs) and the post-residency experience was 7years (range 0-34 yrs). Respondents were an equitable mix of public and private practitioners. 46% of the respondents were practicing restricted outpatient services, more in public institutions (p=0.22) which also had a higher incidence of tele-outpatient services(26% vs 17%). Wearing surgical masks, N-95 masks, and gloves were the most commonly practised precautionary measures in outpatient services(>60%). While private practitioners were continuing elective cases(40%), public institutes were more cautious with only emergencies being operated(29%). The greatest fear among all practitioners was passing the infection to the family (75%). Social media was helpful for brainstorming queries and updating practice modifications, but some surgeons admitted to receiving threats upon social media platforms(37.5%). Depression and economic losses were palpable for approximately 30% neurosurgeons. Conclusion The survey highlights the perception of the neurosurgeons towards the pandemic and the difference in public-private practice. Suspension of elective procedures, severe curtailment of the regular outpatient appointments, drastic modifications of the normal OPD/OR practices and apprehensions related to inadequacy of safety provided by PPE usage and financial losses of private establishments were some of the visible themes in our survey results. Though telemedicine has not been as widely adopted as expected, yet online education has been favourably received. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2020.07.038 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.07.038 id: cord-314092-ph5vrba6 author: De’, Rahul title: Impact of Digital Surge during Covid-19 Pandemic: A Viewpoint on Research and Practice date: 2020-06-09 words: 4664.0 sentences: 265.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314092-ph5vrba6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314092-ph5vrba6.txt summary: The Covid-19 pandemic has led to an inevitable surge in the use of digital technologies due to the social distancing norms and nationwide lockdowns. In the next section, we examine the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the use of digital technologies where we discuss some possible scenarios and research issues of the post-pandemic world. With the substantial use of technology in accessing basic requirements like health and education, it is imperative to understand the impact of the digital divide on social equality. 6. Given the significant role which the Internet is about to play in times to come, Internet intermediaries will work with government and civil society to address privacy and surveillance issues for better adoption of technology. For the Covid-19 pandemic, we envisage a dramatic shift in digital usage with impacts on all aspects of work and life. abstract: The Covid-19 pandemic has led to an inevitable surge in the use of digital technologies due to the social distancing norms and nationwide lockdowns. People and organizations all over the world have had to adjust to new ways of work and life. We explore possible scenarios of the digital surge and the research issues that arise. An increase in digitalization is leading firms and educational institutions to shift to work-from-home (WFH). Blockchain technology will become important and will entail research on design and regulations. Gig workers and the gig economy is likely to increase in scale, raising questions of work allocation, collaboration, motivation, and aspects of work overload and presenteeism. Workplace monitoring and technostress issues will become prominent with an increase in digital presence. Online fraud is likely to grow, along with research on managing security. The regulation of the internet, a key resource, will be crucial post-pandemic. Research may address the consequences and causes of the digital divide. Further, the issues of net neutrality and zero-rating plans will merit scrutiny. A key research issue will also be the impact and consequences of internet shutdowns, frequently resorted to by countries. Digital money, too, assumes importance in crisis situations and research will address their adoption, consequences, and mode. Aspects of surveillance and privacy gain importance with increase digital usage. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32836633/ doi: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102171 id: cord-336845-7ofgekoj author: Donthu, Naveen title: Effects of COVID-19 on Business and Research date: 2020-06-09 words: 5228.0 sentences: 261.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336845-7ofgekoj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336845-7ofgekoj.txt summary: In total, there are 12 papers that cover different industry sectors (e.g., tourism, retail, higher education), changes in consumer behavior and businesses, ethical issues, and aspects related to employees and leadership. We should also make an effort to learn from the consequences of pandemic outbreaks to prepare our societies for if-and, more likely, when-this happens again. Our societies are more open than ever; we rely on the importing of important products, such as food, energy, and medical equipment, rather than sourcing them from close to where they are needed; and there are limited efforts to prepare for pandemic outbreaks. The first contribution, by Jagdish Sheth, is titled "Impact of COVID-19 on Consumer Behavior: Will the Old Habits Return or Die?" It explores how the current pandemic has affected several aspects of consumers'' lives, ranging from personal mobility to retail shopping, attendance at major life events like marriage ceremonies, having children, and relocation. abstract: Abstract The COVID-19 outbreak is a sharp reminder that pandemics, like other rarely occurring catastrophes, have happened in the past and will continue to happen in the future. Even if we cannot prevent dangerous viruses from emerging, we should prepare to dampen their effects on society. The current outbreak has had severe economic consequences across the globe, and it does not look like any country will be unaffected. This not only has consequences for the economy; all of society is affected, which has led to dramatic changes in how businesses act and consumers behave. This special issue is a global effort to address some of the pandemic-related issues affecting society. In total, there are 12 papers that cover different industry sectors (e.g., tourism, retail, higher education), changes in consumer behavior and businesses, ethical issues, and aspects related to employees and leadership. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0148296320303830 doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.06.008 id: cord-013275-n7sf5ude author: Drake, Tom title: Buy now, saved later? The critical impact of time-to-pandemic uncertainty on pandemic cost-effectiveness analyses date: 2013-12-24 words: 5238.0 sentences: 277.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-013275-n7sf5ude.txt txt: ./txt/cord-013275-n7sf5ude.txt summary: We therefore use multivariate Monte Carlo simulation to sample parameter values from uniform distributions of six model parameters (time-to-pandemic, case fatality proportion, hospitalization proportion, discount rate, intervention cost and intervention effectiveness), repeating 20 000 times to produce results from a wide range of parameter combinations. The purpose of this study is to determine whether uncertainty in the number of years before a pandemic occurs (time-topandemic) is important in cost-effectiveness analysis. Using elasticity to measure parameter importance is a logical step from routine sensitivity analysis of economic evaluation, which commonly presents a change in ICER given fixed univariate changes in an input parameter. simulations cost effective at a willingness-to-pay of US$900 per DALY averted does not differ substantially with different timeto-pandemic sampling distributions and the contribution of time-to-pandemic to uncertainty in the ICER remains high compared with other model parameters as measured by the MI. Mathematical models to assess the cost effectiveness of pandemic preparedness options should include probabilistic sensitivity or uncertainty analysis of time-to-pandemic. abstract: Background Investment in pandemic preparedness is a long-term gamble, with the return on investment coming at an unknown point in the future. Many countries have chosen to stockpile key resources, and the number of pandemic economic evaluations has risen sharply since 2009. We assess the importance of uncertainty in time-to-pandemic (and associated discounting) in pandemic economic evaluation, a factor frequently neglected in the literature to-date. Methods We use a probability tree model and Monte Carlo parameter sampling to consider the cost effectiveness of antiviral stockpiling in Cambodia under parameter uncertainty. Mean elasticity and mutual information (MI) are used to assess the importance of time-to-pandemic compared with other parameters. We also consider the sensitivity to choice of sampling distribution used to model time-to-pandemic uncertainty. Results Time-to-pandemic and discount rate are the primary drivers of sensitivity and uncertainty in pandemic cost effectiveness models. Base case cost effectiveness of antiviral stockpiling ranged between is US$112 and US$3599 per DALY averted using historical pandemic intervals for time-to-pandemic. The mean elasticities for time-to-pandemic and discount rate were greater than all other parameters. Similarly, the MI scores for time to pandemic and discount rate were greater than other parameters. Time-to-pandemic and discount rate were key drivers of uncertainty in cost-effectiveness results regardless of time-to-pandemic sampling distribution choice. Conclusions Time-to-pandemic assumptions can “substantially” affect cost-effectiveness results and, in our model, is a greater contributor to uncertainty in cost-effectiveness results than any other parameter. We strongly recommend that cost-effectiveness models include probabilistic analysis of time-to-pandemic uncertainty. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7574603/ doi: 10.1093/heapol/czt101 id: cord-290012-jh1gkpiz author: Druml, Christiane title: COVID-19 and ethical preparedness? date: 2020-07-08 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Mankind has to prepare for a pandemic with respect to medical and practical aspects, but also with respect to ethical issues. There are various ethical guidelines for managing infectious disease outbreaks, but they do not apply to the specific aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic, since they were formulated after the different kinds of outbreaks of avian influenza and Ebola. Today we are confronted with completely new issues endangering our fundamental human rights. As COVID-19 is spreading all over the world, we are in a desperate situation to find treatment solutions; however, despite the urgency, scientific rules have to be applied as bad science is unethical since it might be harmful for patients. Fake news and alternative facts might not be easily recognized and are also threatening scientific values. Pandemics might be leading to a meltdown of the health system if no measures are being taken constraining fundamental human rights. Tracking of persons is violating human rights as well if not accepted on a voluntary basis. A failure to have safeguards for times of crisis leads to a scarcity of medicinal products and goods resulting in a nationalistic approach and ignorance of international solidarity. And last but not least selective measures and triage in intensive care have to be taught to young physicians and nursing staff in medical schools in order to be prepared in times of an infectious disease outbreak and scarcity of resources. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-020-01709-7 doi: 10.1007/s00508-020-01709-7 id: cord-350293-a09r0gjc author: Dubb, S.S. title: Coronavirus Pandemic: Applying a Whole-of-Society Model for the Whole-of-the World date: 2020-05-12 words: 2298.0 sentences: 134.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350293-a09r0gjc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350293-a09r0gjc.txt summary: During a pandemic, a national government is often considered solely responsible for dealing with the outbreak with local-based policies. The World Health Organisation (WHO) first proposed a whole-of-society (WoS) preparation plan in 2009 with risk management update in 2017 based upon lessons learned from the 2009 A(H1N1) pandemic. The WoS approach aims to utilize the principles of complexity within systems and seeks to improve the global effort against pandemic infections, increase information sharing and further institutionalize pandemic responses. Although simple in theory, executing such measures requires national, political and local involvement incorporating the entirety of society, the so-called WoS pandemic collaboration. As the WHO raised the pandemic alert level the Taiwanese government, using the WoS model utilized many of the measures across multiple entities that we have started to witness in the UK also. Toward a collaborative model of pandemic preparedness and response: Taiwan''s changing approach to pandemics abstract: During a pandemic, a national government is often considered solely responsible for dealing with the outbreak with local-based policies. A whole-of-society approach to a pandemic is evidence-based and used successfully in countries with a history of pandemic infections. This collaborative approach assumes that no single entity has the capacity to successfully manage the dynamic, complex problems that arise in a pandemic environment. Application of the whole-of-society model globally would provide a more harmonious and concerted response with mutual and synergistic benefits to all affected nations. Central entities within the model include; Civil society, business and government. These are addressed at the community, local government and sub-national level. Nine essential services are also identified including Health, defence, Law & order, Finance, Transport, Telecommunication, Energy, Food and Water. A continuing cycle of readiness, response and recovery of services encapsulates this model. Pandemics affect the whole of the world, a global whole-ofsociety approach is therefore needed to tackle them. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0266435620302126 doi: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.05.009 id: cord-030018-sabmw7wf author: El-Shabrawi, Mortada title: Infant and child health and healthcare before and after COVID-19 pandemic: will it be the same ever? date: 2020-08-04 words: 3270.0 sentences: 175.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-030018-sabmw7wf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-030018-sabmw7wf.txt summary: BACKGROUND: The novel corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) current pandemic is an unpreceded global health crisis. COVID-19 pandemic proved rapidly to be a major international medical problem that has many sequences on infants, children, and adolescents. There is an urging challenge of how to provide the required healthcare needed by infants and children in due time and place avoiding the possibility to catch SARS-CoV-2 infection if they go to seek medical advice at hospitals or healthcare facilities. The mandatory lockdown and inevitable social distancing measures due to the COVID-19 pandemic has forced the governments in many countries to close nurseries, child care centers, schools, training centers, and higher education facilities as universities and institutions. So far, the COVID-19 crisis has had a great impact on child health and healthcare all over the world, not only from the medical aspect, but also from the social, psychologic, economic, and educational aspects. abstract: BACKGROUND: The novel corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) current pandemic is an unpreceded global health crisis. Not only infection of infants, children, and adolescents is a concern for their families and pediatricians, but there are also other serious challenges that should be properly identified and managed as well. MAIN BODY: We have to identify and assess the different factors that have either direct or indirect effects on child health and healthcare due to COVID-19 pandemic and focus on the serious effects. It is easily realized that there are many challenging problems associated with COVID-19 with short-term effects that already appeared and need urgent solutions and long-term effects that are not yet well apparent and have to be searched for and properly addressed. CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 crisis has lots of impacts on child health and child healthcare, not only from the medical aspect but also from the social, psychological, economic, and educational facets. All these adverse implications have to be identified and dealt with on individual bases approach in the short and long term. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7400748/ doi: 10.1186/s43054-020-00039-7 id: cord-007784-fq2urilg author: Elderfield, Ruth title: Influenza Pandemics date: 2011-09-22 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The recent H1N1 pandemic that emerged in 2009 has illustrated how swiftly a new influenza virus can circulate the globe. Here we explain the origins of the 2009 pandemic virus, and other twentieth century pandemics. We also consider the impact of the 2009 pandemic in the human population and the use of vaccines and antiviral drugs. Thankfully this outbreak was much less severe than that associated with Spanish flu in 1918. We describe the viral factors that affect virulence of influenza and speculate on the future course of this virus in humans and animals. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7123151/ doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-0204-6_8 id: cord-349474-pprxwij6 author: Elshami, Wiam title: The radiology workforce’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the Middle East, North Africa and India date: 2020-09-23 words: 4717.0 sentences: 256.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349474-pprxwij6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349474-pprxwij6.txt summary: Introduction This study aimed to investigate the response of the radiology workforce to the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on professional practice in India and eight other Middle Eastern and North African countries. The survey collected information related to the following themes: (1) demographic characteristics, (2) the impact of COVID-19 on radiology practice, and (3) fear and (4) anxiety emanating from the global pandemic. The respondents reported experiences of work-related stress (42.9%), high COVID-19 fear score (83.3% ) and anxiety (10%) during the study period. The respondents reported experiences of work-related stress (42.9%), high COVID-19 fear score (83.3% ) and anxiety (10%) during the study period. Moreover, our ability to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on radiology practices and associated factors, such as fear and anxiety, among the RWF provided more insight into the psychological needs of medical workers to continue providing quality service. abstract: Introduction This study aimed to investigate the response of the radiology workforce to the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on professional practice in India and eight other Middle Eastern and North African countries. It further investigated the levels of fear and anxiety among this workforce during the pandemic. Methods A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey from 22 May-2 June 2020 among radiology workers employed during the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey collected information related to the following themes: (1) demographic characteristics, (2) the impact of COVID-19 on radiology practice, and (3) fear and (4) anxiety emanating from the global pandemic. Results We received 903 responses. Fifty-eight percent had completed training on infection control required for handling COVID-19 patients. A large proportion (79.5%) of the respondents strongly agreed or agreed that personal protective equipment (PPE) was adequately available at work during the pandemic. The respondents reported experiences of work-related stress (42.9%), high COVID-19 fear score (83.3%) and anxiety (10%) during the study period. Conclusion There was a perceived workload increase in general x-ray and Computed Tomography imaging procedures because they were the key modalities for the initial and follow-up investigations of COVID-19. However, there was adequate availability of PPE during the study period. Most radiology workers were afraid of being infected with the virus. Fear was predominant among workers younger than 30 years of age and also in temporary staff. Anxiety occurred completely independent of gender, age, experience, country, place of work, and work status. Implications for practice It is important to provide training and regular mental health support and evaluations for healthcare professionals, including radiology workers, during similar future pandemics. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33032889/ doi: 10.1016/j.radi.2020.09.016 id: cord-349008-x750xe8n author: Ertl-Wagner, Birgit B. title: Preparedness for the COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary pediatric radiology department date: 2020-06-03 words: 6373.0 sentences: 294.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349008-x750xe8n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349008-x750xe8n.txt summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32495178/ doi: 10.1007/s00247-020-04704-2 id: cord-339376-2dczotbh author: Everts, Jonathan title: Announcing Swine Flu and the Interpretation of Pandemic Anxiety date: 2012-07-19 words: 8359.0 sentences: 429.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339376-2dczotbh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339376-2dczotbh.txt summary: In that light, CDC'' formal entanglement with global health security and its announcement of the H1N1 pandemic are interpreted, followed by an ethnographically informed focus on various people who were engaged in the H1N1 emergency response and their practices and practical struggles in the face of pandemic anxiety. Investigating CDC''s H1N1 response may also shed light on the implications of a change in public health discourse, a change that made "emerging infectious diseases" a key concern for public health, the kernel of a new age of "pandemic anxiety" (Ingram 2008) . In the following, CDC''s ways to work through the H1N1 pandemic are first contextualised within the emerging global health security regime and second analysed from a practice-based and ethnographic perspective. However, before the actual work that led to detecting H1N1 took place, pandemic anxiety and institutionalised heightened concerns had already worked their way through to CDC experts via global and national public health security recommendations and regulations and the announcements made by respective representatives. abstract: This paper discusses the ways in which 2009 novel swine‐origin influenza A (H1N1) was announced and resonated with current pandemic anxieties. In particular, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) are used as a lens through which recent pandemic anxieties can be analysed and understood. This entails a closer look at the securitisation of public health and the challenges and struggles this may have caused within public health agencies. In that light, CDC' formal entanglement with global health security and its announcement of the H1N1 pandemic are interpreted, followed by an ethnographically informed focus on various people who were engaged in the H1N1 emergency response and their practices and practical struggles in the face of pandemic anxiety. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.2012.01021.x doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8330.2012.01021.x id: cord-344985-3mu9rrql author: Fakhruddin, Bapon title: Are we there yet? The transition from response to recovery for the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-12 words: 4305.0 sentences: 202.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344985-3mu9rrql.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344985-3mu9rrql.txt summary: While the COVID-19 pandemic has already had far-reaching socioeconomic consequences commonly associated with natural hazards (such as disruption to society, economic damage, and loss of lives), the response of governments around the world has been unparalleled and unlike anything seen before. Pandemics indeed force us to think beyond typical emergency management structures; the cycles of the disaster risk management in the case of biological and other natural hazards are not exactly the same and no one-size-fits-all approach may be used. Pandemics indeed force us to think beyond typical emergency management structures; the cycles of the disaster risk management in the case of biological and other natural hazards are not exactly the same and no one-size-fits-all approach may be used. Necessary for an effective recovery, the pandemic response needs to be a holistic response, combined with an improved data ecosystem between the public health system and the community. abstract: Abstract There is no corner of the planet that has not been impacted by the rapid spread of the novel coronavirus, COVID-19. While the COVID-19 pandemic has already had far-reaching socioeconomic consequences commonly associated with natural hazards (such as disruption to society, economic damage, and loss of lives), the response of governments around the world has been unparalleled and unlike anything seen before. Governments are faced with a myriad of multi-dimensional effects of the pandemic, including direct impacts on public health systems and population health and indirect socioeconomic effects including disruption to every single sector of the economy and mass unemployment. There is, additionally, the growing realisation that the timescale associated with this crisis may permanently change the very foundations of societies ‘normal’ day-to-day life. As the world transitions to recovering from COVID-19, those developing that recovery need support in adjusting and improving their policies and measures. The situation seems dire, the stakes are high. Literature about the transition between the response and recovery phase in relation to pandemics is scarce. Further complication is that the pandemic will not allow countries to simply transition to the full-scale recovery, instead, a rebound from recovery to response phase is expected for a certain period until the immunization is in place. Pandemics indeed force us to think beyond typical emergency management structures; the cycles of the disaster risk management in the case of biological and other natural hazards are not exactly the same and no one-size-fits-all approach may be used. Still, some parallels may be drawn with the efforts to combat natural hazards and some lessons may be used from previous and the current pandemic. Based on these experiences and reflections, this paper provides a set of policy directions to be considered during the transition towards, as well as throughout, this transition phase. It is suggested that meeting this global, multi-dimensional, and complex challenge will require considerable international collaboration (even convention) and macro-scale changes to global and national policies. The recovery issues are mainly going to be dominated by politics, economics and social science. Necessary for an effective recovery, the pandemic response needs to be a holistic response, combined with an improved data ecosystem between the public health system and the community. We should also view this outbreak and our response to it as an opportunity to learn lessons and reaffirm our universal commitment to sustainable development and enhancing wellbeing around the world. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2590061720300399 doi: 10.1016/j.pdisas.2020.100102 id: cord-310182-muybvyqa author: Fan, Victoria Y title: Pandemic risk: how large are the expected losses? date: 2018-02-01 words: 4313.0 sentences: 273.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310182-muybvyqa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310182-muybvyqa.txt summary: Most previous economic studies on global influenza pandemics have focused on income losses, through reductions in the size of the labour force and productivity, increases in absenteeism and, importantly, as the result of individual and social measures that interrupt transmission, but disrupt economic activity. 2, 27 Beyond influenza, the value of mortality risks has been included in estimating the costs of vaccine-preventable diseases 28 and in evaluating the economic burdens posed by rheumatic heart disease. Given the uncertain nature of an influenza pandemic, in terms of both when it may occur and how large the mortality risks will be, we applied an expected-loss framework that accounts for the uncertainty over a long period of time. 46, 48 As in many previous attempts to estimate the economic losses associated with a pandemic, many previous attempts to estimate the social costs of carbon have focused on national income accounts, without any explicit valuation of the increases in mortality resulting from climate change. abstract: There is an unmet need for greater investment in preparedness against major epidemics and pandemics. The arguments in favour of such investment have been largely based on estimates of the losses in national incomes that might occur as the result of a major epidemic or pandemic. Recently, we extended the estimate to include the valuation of the lives lost as a result of pandemic-related increases in mortality. This produced markedly higher estimates of the full value of loss that might occur as the result of a future pandemic. We parametrized an exceedance probability function for a global influenza pandemic and estimated that the expected number of influenza-pandemic-related deaths is about 720 000 per year. We calculated that the expected annual losses from pandemic risk to be about 500 billion United States dollars – or 0.6% of global income – per year. This estimate falls within – but towards the lower end of – the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s estimates of the value of the losses from global warming, which range from 0.2% to 2% of global income. The estimated percentage of annual national income represented by the expected value of losses varied by country income grouping: from a little over 0.3% in high-income countries to 1.6% in lower-middle-income countries. Most of the losses from influenza pandemics come from rare, severe events. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29403116/ doi: 10.2471/blt.17.199588 id: cord-298475-3bhiattk author: Farmaki, Anna title: Impacts of Covid-19 on peer-to-peer accommodation platforms: Host perceptions and responses date: 2020-09-03 words: 9838.0 sentences: 462.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298475-3bhiattk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298475-3bhiattk.txt summary: The peer-to-peer (P2P) accommodation sector has attempted to follow suit, with platforms such as Airbnb and Booking.com responding to the effects of Covid-19 in numerous ways. In recent years changes have been observed in the P2P accommodation sector as the growth of certain platforms (i.e. Airbnb) and the competition among hosts has led to the adoption of professional hospitality standards (Farmaki and Kaniadakis, 2020; . Within this type of hosts, we also identified participants that were previously involved in long-term renting; yet, they decided to switch to short-term rentals via P2P accommodation platforms as their popularity grew, allowing them to earn more money. Overall, five types of hosts were identified and categorised on a continuum (figure 1) according to their long-term perspective (i.e. decision to continue hosting on P2P accommodation platforms) and level of practice adjustment. abstract: The Covid-19 pandemic has brought international tourism at a standstill. Peer-to-peer (P2P) accommodation, in particular, has been greatly affected with platforms being heavily criticised for lacking a strategic response to users’ needs. Drawing from semi-structured interviews with P2P accommodation hosts, this study aims to explore: a) their perceptions of the short-term impacts of the pandemic on their hosting practice, b) their responses to the pandemic and c) their perceptions of the long-term impacts of the pandemic on the P2P accommodation sector. The study offers a continuum of host pandemic responses which illustrates different types of hosts in relation to their market perspective and intention to continue hosting on P2P platforms. The continuum carries theoretical implications as it offers insights to academics exploring crisis impacts on P2P accommodation. It is also of practical value to platforms and practitioners as it may lead to improved crisis management strategies. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102663 doi: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102663 id: cord-291234-rozpps6v author: Faye, C. title: A DISSYMMETRY IN THE FIGURES RELATED TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN THE WORLD: WHAT FACTORS EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AFRICA AND THE REST OF THE WORLD? date: 2020-05-22 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Humanity has experienced outbreaks for millennia, from epidemics limited to pandemics that have claimed many victims and changed the course of civilizations. The advent of vaccines has eradicated some of the serious pathogens and reduced many others. However, pandemics are still part of our modern world, as we continue to have pandemics as devastating as HIV and as alarming as severe acute respiratory syndrome, Ebola and the Middle East respiratory syndrome. The Covid-19 epidemic with 0-exponential contamination curves reaching 3 million confirmed cases should not have come as a surprise, nor should it have been the last pandemic in the world. In this article, we try to summarize the lost opportunities as well as the lessons learned, hoping that we can do better in the future. The objective of this study is to relate the situation of Covid-19 in African countries with those of the countries most affected by the pandemic. It also allows us to verify how, according to the observed situation, the African ecosystem seems to be much more resilient compared to that of other continents where the number of deaths is in the thousands. To verify this, the diagnosed morbidity and mortality reported for different states of the world are compared to the ages of life and the average annual temperature of these states. The results show that the less dramatic balance of the African continent compared to other continents is partly linked to the relatively high temperatures on the continent but also to the relatively young character of its population. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.17.20104687 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.17.20104687 id: cord-208698-gm0b8u52 author: Fazeli, Shayan title: Statistical Analytics and Regional Representation Learning for COVID-19 Pandemic Understanding date: 2020-08-08 words: 6364.0 sentences: 325.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-208698-gm0b8u52.txt txt: ./txt/cord-208698-gm0b8u52.txt summary: • Evaluation of the informativeness of individual features in distinguishing between regions • Correlation analyses and investigating monotonic and non-monotonic relationships between several key features and the pandemic outcomes • Proposing a neural architecture for accurate short-term predictive modeling of the COVID-19 pandemic with minimal use of historical data by leveraging the automatically learned region representations Given the importance of open-research in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic, we have also designed OLIVIA [5] . This work is distinguished from the mentioned projects and the majority of statistical works in this area in the sense that it is targeting the role of region-based features in the Spatio-temporal analysis of the pandemic with minimal use of historical data on the outbreak events. Our approach then used various statistical techniques and machine learning to measure the relationship between these regional representations and the pandemic time-series events and perform predictive modeling with minimal use of historical data on the epidemic. abstract: The rapid spread of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has severely impacted almost all countries around the world. It not only has caused a tremendous burden on health-care providers to bear, but it has also brought severe impacts on the economy and social life. The presence of reliable data and the results of in-depth statistical analyses provide researchers and policymakers with invaluable information to understand this pandemic and its growth pattern more clearly. This paper combines and processes an extensive collection of publicly available datasets to provide a unified information source for representing geographical regions with regards to their pandemic-related behavior. The features are grouped into various categories to account for their impact based on the higher-level concepts associated with them. This work uses several correlation analysis techniques to observe value and order relationships between features, feature groups, and COVID-19 occurrences. Dimensionality reduction techniques and projection methodologies are used to elaborate on individual and group importance of these representative features. A specific RNN-based inference pipeline called DoubleWindowLSTM-CP is proposed in this work for predictive event modeling. It utilizes sequential patterns and enables concise record representation while using but a minimal amount of historical data. The quantitative results of our statistical analytics indicated critical patterns reflecting on many of the expected collective behavior and their associated outcomes. Predictive modeling with DoubleWindowLSTM-CP instance exhibits efficient performance in quantitative and qualitative assessments while reducing the need for extended and reliable historical information on the pandemic. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.07342v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-003302-vxk7uqlc author: Fedson, David S title: Influenza, evolution, and the next pandemic date: 2018-10-03 words: 6378.0 sentences: 324.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-003302-vxk7uqlc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-003302-vxk7uqlc.txt summary: These studies help explain the lower mortality in children compared with adults seen in the 1918 influenza pandemic and in many other types of acute illness. They agree with Worobey et al that early life antigenic imprinting might have led to a dysregulated T-cell response that increased the risk of death following infection in 1918 with a new and antigenically dissimilar influenza virus. In trying to understand the ''mystery'' of greater mortality among young adults during the 1918 pandemic, scientists have studied influenza viruses and the human response to previous infection. Considered with evidence from endotoxemic mice [28] and other studies [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] , their findings suggest that the mortality impact of pandemic and seasonal influenza and other forms of acute critical illness might be reduced by treating the host response. abstract: Mortality rates in influenza appear to have been shaped by evolution. During the 1918 pandemic, mortality rates were lower in children compared with adults. This mortality difference occurs in a wide variety of infectious diseases. It has been replicated in mice and might be due to greater tolerance of infection, not greater resistance. Importantly, combination treatment with inexpensive and widely available generic drugs (e.g. statins and angiotensin receptor blockers) might change the damaging host response in adults to a more tolerant response in children. These drugs might work by modifying endothelial dysfunction, mitochondrial biogenesis and immunometabolism. Treating the host response might be the only practical way to reduce global mortality during the next influenza pandemic. It might also help reduce mortality due to seasonal influenza and other forms of acute critical illness. To realize these benefits, we need laboratory and clinical studies of host response treatment before and after puberty. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6234328/ doi: 10.1093/emph/eoy027 id: cord-017249-la5sum39 author: Feldblyum, Tamara V. title: Seasonal and Pandemic Influenza Surveillance and Disease Severity date: 2015-05-12 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Continuous investments in influenza research, surveillance, and prevention efforts are critical to mitigate the consequences of annual influenza epidemics and pandemics. New influenza viruses emerge due to antigenic drift and antigenic shift evading human immune system and causing annual epidemics and pandemics. Three pandemics with varying disease severity occurred in the last 100 years. The disease burden and determinants of influenza severity depend on circulating viral strains and individual demographic and clinical factors. Surveillance is the most effective strategy for appropriate public health response. Active and passive surveillance methods are utilized to monitor influenza epidemics and emergence of novel viruses. Meaningful use of electronic health records could be a cost-effective approach to improved influenza surveillance url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121762/ doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2410-3_29 id: cord-278900-3rfb1b71 author: Fell, Michael J. title: Validity of energy social research during and after COVID-19: challenges, considerations, and responses date: 2020-06-13 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Measures to control the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are having unprecedented impacts on people’s lives around the world. In this paper, we argue that those conducting social research in the energy domain should give special consideration to the internal and external validity of their work conducted during this pandemic period. We set out a number of principles that researchers can consider to give themselves and research users greater confidence that findings and recommendations will still be applicable in years to come. Largely grounded in existing good practice guidance, our recommendations include collecting and reporting additional supporting contextual data, reviewing aspects of research design for vulnerability to validity challenges, and building in longitudinal elements where feasible. We suggest that these approaches also bring a number of opportunities to generate new insights. However, we caution that a more systemic challenge to validity of knowledge produced during this period may result from changes in the kinds of social research that it is practicable to pursue. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2214629620302218 doi: 10.1016/j.erss.2020.101646 id: cord-254771-698gl09v author: Ferriss, J. Stuart title: Society of Gynecologic Oncology recommendations for fellowship education during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond: Innovating programs to optimize trainee success date: 2020-10-17 words: 7565.0 sentences: 407.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254771-698gl09v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254771-698gl09v.txt summary: title: Society of Gynecologic Oncology recommendations for fellowship education during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond: Innovating programs to optimize trainee success Fellowship education programs in gynecologic oncology have quickly adapted to the "new normal" of social distancing using video conferencing platforms to continue clinical and didactic teaching. Fellowship education programs in gynecologic oncology have quickly adapted to the "new normal" of social distancing using video conferencing platforms to continue clinical and didactic teaching. This paper summarizes the changes that have taken place in fellowship education at the beginning of the pandemic and provides resources and recommendations for fellows, faculty, and program directors moving forward. These realities create new challenges in gynecologic oncology training, yet programs have an opportunity to design and implement competence-based assessment of surgical milestones. GYOEDU (www.gyoedu.org) is a free, collaborative effort to pool fellowship program resources and has resulted in a robust and evolving educational repository, including live and pre-recorded video-based lectures, study summaries, and clinical trial timelines, as well as a planned question bank. abstract: In approximately ten months' time, the novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has infected over 34 million people and caused over one million deaths worldwide. The impact of this virus on our health, relationships, and careers is difficult to overstate. As the economic realities for academic medical centers come into focus, we must recommit to our core missions of patient care, education, and research. Fellowship education programs in gynecologic oncology have quickly adapted to the “new normal” of social distancing using video conferencing platforms to continue clinical and didactic teaching. United in a time of crisis, we have embraced systemic change by developing and delivering collaborative educational content, overcoming the limitations imposed by institutional silos. Additional innovations are needed in order to overcome the losses in program surgical volume and research opportunities. With the end of the viral pandemic nowhere in sight, program directors can rethink how education is best delivered and potentially overhaul aspects of fellowship curriculum and content. Similarly, restrictions on travel and the need for social distancing has transformed the 2020 fellowship interview season from an in-person to a virtual experience. During this time of unprecedented and rapid change, program directors should be particularly mindful of the needs and health of their trainees and consider tailoring their educational experiences accordingly. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0090825820340178 doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.10.009 id: cord-276881-ms2wz8bz author: Flyvbjerg, Bent title: The law of regression to the tail: How to survive Covid-19, the climate crisis, and other disasters date: 2020-10-05 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Regression to the mean is nice and reliable. Regression to the tail is reliably scary. We live in the age of regression to the tail. It is only a matter of time until a pandemic worse than covid-19 will hit us, and climate more extreme than any we have seen. What are the basic principles that generate such extreme risk, and for navigating it, for government, business, and the public? url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1462901120308637 doi: 10.1016/j.envsci.2020.08.013 id: cord-349949-jp0hvcg6 author: Freer, Phoebe E. title: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Breast Imaging date: 2020-09-22 words: 5752.0 sentences: 281.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349949-jp0hvcg6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349949-jp0hvcg6.txt summary: Quickly, breast radiologists and technologists had palpable concerns regarding the need to protect HCWs and patients during screening, and firm statements were released by national organizations with the ASBrS and ACR Joint Statement on Breast Screening Exams During the COVID-19 Pandemic, and the Society of Breast Imaging Statement on Breast Imaging during the COVID-19 Pandemic all released later in March, 2020, and recommending to "postpone all breast screening exams (to include screening mammography, ultrasound, and MRI) effective immediately" as well as to discontinue routine and non-urgent breast health appointments. The European Society for Medical Oncology Guidelines include increasing telehealth appointments (noting in person visits are needed for new cancer patients or urgent infections / post-operative complications) and specific guidance for management and advised that the risk/benefit balance for most patients favored continued administration of systemic therapies and chemotherapies, with additional precautions when possible (e.g., choosing less immunosuppressive therapies, regimens requiring fewer appointments) 26 . abstract: Starting in Wuhan, China, followed quickly in the United States in January 2020, an outbreak of a novel coronavirus, or COVID-19 escalated to a global pandemic by March(1,2). By September 10, 2020, there were almost 28 million cases worldwide and nearly 6.4 million U.S. cases, with almost 1 million and 200,000 deaths, respectively(3). The outbreak dramatically disrupted global public health as well as precipitated upheaval to the economy and society. With no vaccine or adequate treatment, the most significant weapon to curtail its destruction was a global policy of “social distancing”, advising people to quarantine at home, closing schools and businesses, and disrupting routine health care. As the pandemic lasted, the need to re-open the economy and health care emerged with precautions placed for masking and social distancing. Significant disruptions occurred to breast imaging including deferred screening mammography, triaging diagnostic breast imaging, and changes in breast cancer care algorithms. This article summarizes the effect of the global pandemic – and efforts to curtail its spread – on both breast cancer care and on breast imaging practices including effects on patients, clinical workflow, education and research. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0033838920301330 doi: 10.1016/j.rcl.2020.09.008 id: cord-032261-no2mojz3 author: Gaddy, Sarah title: COVID-19 and Music Therapists’ Employment, Service Delivery, Perceived Stress, and Hope: A Descriptive Study date: 2020-09-08 words: 6149.0 sentences: 302.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-032261-no2mojz3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-032261-no2mojz3.txt summary: The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of the pandemic on the employment, service delivery, stress, and hope of music therapy professionals in the United States. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of the pandemic on the employment, service delivery, stress, and hope of music therapy professionals in the United States. The rapid changes required in response to the pandemic, combined with uncertainty about the future of employment and/or service delivery, may have impacted the perception of stress and feelings of hope in music therapy professionals. This is the first known study on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on music therapy professionals'' employment, service delivery, stress, and hope. The results of this survey provide an overview of changes in employment, service delivery, perceived stress, and level of hope in MT professionals as of April 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: In early 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic was declared, which impacted music therapists in terms of employment, service delivery, and mental health. However, the extent of changes within the profession was unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of the pandemic on the employment, service delivery, stress, and hope of music therapy professionals in the United States. Music therapists (N = 1,196) responded to a 51-item survey including questions related to employment and service delivery. The study also included the Adult Hope Scale and the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10). Results indicated that many music therapists experienced changes in their positions, including a decrease in client contact hours and an increase in using alternative services, such as telehealth. Changes in service hours and delivery were higher for individuals who worked in private practice than for other settings. Primary respondent concerns included being a carrier of COVID-19, being isolated from loved ones, and income loss. Compared with prior general population samples from the United States, respondents reported higher levels of hope, with a majority of respondents also reporting a high level of hope for the profession. Respondents also indicated a moderate level of perceived stress on the PSS-10. Open response comments provided additional insights into the situational stressors and feelings of hope at this time in the pandemic. The results of this study indicate that music therapists adapted to service delivery changes and continued to provide services to clients, despite the many difficulties faced during the pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7499708/ doi: 10.1093/mtp/miaa018 id: cord-258410-ggrrbq5u author: Ganguly, Shuvadeep title: Teleconsultations and Shared Care in Pediatric Oncology During COVID-19 date: 2020-09-22 words: 1251.0 sentences: 62.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258410-ggrrbq5u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258410-ggrrbq5u.txt summary: Still, keeping in mind the immunosuppressive nature of anti-neoplastic therapy and our evolving understanding of the disease, pediatric oncology services have to tread carefully between treating cancer and limiting COVID-19 in this vulnerable population. With healthcare centres throughout the world grappling with COVID-19 pandemic with resource optimization, all aspects of cancer treatment were adversely affected, including ancillary services like blood product availability [2] . Over the course of last four months of this pandemic (April to July 2020), even with curtailing of healthcare services at our centre, 80 new cases (age ≤ 21 years) were registered and 39 children with acute leukemia and lymphoma were started on therapy. Managing pediatric cancer patients in COVID19 pandemic Chemotherapy adaptations in a referral tertiary care center in India for ongoing therapy of pediatric patients with solid tumors during COVID19 pandemic and lockdown. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-020-03499-2 doi: 10.1007/s12098-020-03499-2 id: cord-316073-zm3ih55y author: Gani, Raymond title: Potential Impact of Antiviral Drug Use during Influenza Pandemic date: 2005-09-17 words: 4269.0 sentences: 195.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316073-zm3ih55y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316073-zm3ih55y.txt summary: Our models focused on using NIs to treat different age and risk groups and the potential effects treatment might have on influenza hospitalizations. The effect of different treatment strategies on hospitalization rates was generated from the baseline scenario: treating all patients, only at-risk groups, only children and the elderly (1-14 and >65 years of age), and only the working population (15-64 years of age). The results ( Figure 3B) show that a 20%-25% antiviral stockpile would be sufficient to treat all patients during the first wave, a figure that is larger than that seen for the baseline scenario, as both the clinical and serologic clinical attack rates were higher. For the 1968 pandemic, the effects of the different antiviral targeting strategies were different than in the previous scenarios as a result of the different age-specific attack rates, which are shifted more towards the working population (Table 2) . abstract: The recent spread of highly pathogenic strains of avian influenza has highlighted the threat posed by pandemic influenza. In the early phases of a pandemic, the only treatment available would be neuraminidase inhibitors, which many countries are considering stockpiling for pandemic use. We estimate the effect on hospitalization rates of using different antiviral stockpile sizes to treat infection. We estimate that stockpiles that cover 20%–25% of the population would be sufficient to treat most of the clinical cases and could lead to 50% to 77% reductions in hospitalizations. Substantial reductions in hospitalization could be achieved with smaller antiviral stockpiles if drugs are reserved for persons at high risk. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16229762/ doi: 10.3201/eid1109.041344 id: cord-274544-mxkputbd author: Gautam, Ritu title: 2019-nCoV pandemic: A disruptive and stressful atmosphere for Indian academic fraternity date: 2020-04-11 words: 1193.0 sentences: 68.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274544-mxkputbd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274544-mxkputbd.txt summary: title: 2019-nCoV pandemic: A disruptive and stressful atmosphere for Indian academic fraternity The sharp pang of this pandemic (2019-nCoV) is exponentially sweeping across the world and is triggering chaos, fear, anxiety, and stress among the people (Montemurro, 2020) . During this pandemic, it is very tough to prepare and deliver the quality lectures to the students and the situation gets worse when the teaching is online as most of the teachers have not been trained for the effective use of web resources for teaching. Due to the lockdown of colleges, universities the teachers and students (particularly Science faculty) are not able to use the facilities of their laboratories. The long prevalence of this pandemic may create different types of psychological disorders among teachers and students. Finally, this pandemic has taught us that the subject of online teaching needs to be incorporated at the primary and higher level of education. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32289366/ doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.025 id: cord-334522-gi7zj70m author: Gersons, Berthold P. R. title: Can a ‘second disaster’ during and after the COVID-19 pandemic be mitigated? date: 2020-09-23 words: 3069.0 sentences: 145.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334522-gi7zj70m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334522-gi7zj70m.txt summary: Lessons from past disasters suggest that communities and their leaders, as well as mental healthcare providers, need to pay attention to fear regarding the ongoing threat, as well as sadness and grief, and to provide hope to mitigate social disruption. For people experiencing the loss of loved ones or economic Needs of the population amid the pandemic Actions required by authorities and experts to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 Sense of safety Immediate actions of public health measures to limit the spread of the infection Delivery of reliable information for the general population and various groups about the disease Effective resourcing of required medical equipment Calming Active communication and constant explanation of the actions needed to contain the spread of the infection to the population Compassion of authorities towards victims and various groups affected by the pandemic Sense of self-and collective efficacy abstract: In most disasters that have been studied, the underlying dangerous cause does not persist for very long. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic a progressively emerging life threat remains, exposing everyone to varying levels of risk of contracting the illness, dying, or infecting others. Distancing and avoiding company have a great impact on social life. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic has an enormous economic impact for many losing work and income, which is even affecting basic needs such as access to food and housing. In addition, loss of loved ones may compound the effects of fear and loss of resources. The aim of this paper is to distil, from a range of published literature, lessons from past disasters to assist in mitigating adverse psychosocial reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic. European, American, and Asian studies of disasters show that long-term social and psychological consequences of disasters may compromise initial solidarity. Psychosocial disruptions, practical and financial problems, and complex community and political issues may then result in a ‘second disaster’. Lessons from past disasters suggest that communities and their leaders, as well as mental healthcare providers, need to pay attention to fear regarding the ongoing threat, as well as sadness and grief, and to provide hope to mitigate social disruption. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33062215/ doi: 10.1080/20008198.2020.1815283 id: cord-279214-7vna4uyo author: Goldfarb, Elizabeth V. title: Participant stress in the COVID-19 era and beyond date: 2020-09-25 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic represents a worldwide stressor. Considering the influence of stress on research participants during this time and beyond may provide new insights and benefit the broader field of human neuroscience. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32978609/ doi: 10.1038/s41583-020-00388-7 id: cord-305327-hayhbs5u author: Gonzalez, Jean-Paul title: Global Spread of Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses: Predicting Pandemics date: 2017-09-19 words: 10210.0 sentences: 424.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305327-hayhbs5u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305327-hayhbs5u.txt summary: Other pathogens that are remarkable for their epidemic expansions include the arenavirus hemorrhagic fevers and hantavirus diseases carried by rodents over great geographic distances and the arthropod-borne viruses (West Nile, chikungunya and Zika) enabled by ecology and vector adaptations. Emergence from a sporadic case to an outbreak, to an epidemic, and ultimately to a pandemic depends upon effective transmission among nonimmune hosts, host availability (density), characteristics of the vector (natural or human made) that would enable it to circumvent distances, and the pathogen infectiousness. Although MARV expansion appears to be limited to a few countries in Africa, the recent emergence (estimated at a few decades ago) of a second human pathogenic marburgvirus known as Ravn virus, and the widely distributed Old World rousette fruit bats (Rousettus spp.) serving as reservoir for both viruses [45] , are two factors that favor pandemic risk. abstract: As successive epidemics have swept the world, the scientific community has quickly learned from them about the emergence and transmission of communicable diseases. Epidemics usually occur when health systems are unprepared. During an unexpected epidemic, health authorities engage in damage control, fear drives action, and the desire to understand the threat is greatest. As humanity recovers, policy-makers seek scientific expertise to improve their “preparedness” to face future events. Global spread of disease is exemplified by the spread of yellow fever from Africa to the Americas, by the spread of dengue fever through transcontinental migration of mosquitos, by the relentless influenza virus pandemics, and, most recently, by the unexpected emergence of Ebola virus, spread by motorbike and long haul carriers. Other pathogens that are remarkable for their epidemic expansions include the arenavirus hemorrhagic fevers and hantavirus diseases carried by rodents over great geographic distances and the arthropod-borne viruses (West Nile, chikungunya and Zika) enabled by ecology and vector adaptations. Did we learn from the past epidemics? Are we prepared for the worst? The ultimate goal is to develop a resilient global health infrastructure. Besides acquiring treatments, vaccines, and other preventive medicine, bio-surveillance is critical to preventing disease emergence and to counteracting its spread. So far, only the western hemisphere has a large and established monitoring system; however, diseases continue to emerge sporadically, in particular in Southeast Asia and South America, illuminating the imperfections of our surveillance. Epidemics destabilize fragile governments, ravage the most vulnerable populations, and threaten the global community. Pandemic risk calculations employ new technologies like computerized maintenance of geographical and historical datasets, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Next Generation sequencing, and Metagenomics to trace the molecular changes in pathogens during their emergence, and mathematical models to assess risk. Predictions help to pinpoint the hot spots of emergence, the populations at risk, and the pathogens under genetic evolution. Preparedness anticipates the risks, the needs of the population, the capacities of infrastructure, the sources of emergency funding, and finally, the international partnerships needed to manage a disaster before it occurs. At present, the world is in an intermediate phase of trying to reduce health disparities despite exponential population growth, political conflicts, migration, global trade, urbanization, and major environmental changes due to global warming. For the sake of humanity, we must focus on developing the necessary capacities for health surveillance, epidemic preparedness, and pandemic response. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6981-4_1 doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6981-4_1 id: cord-345373-ulsz1d85 author: Grabia, Monika title: The Nutritional and Health Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Patients with Diabetes Mellitus date: 2020-09-30 words: 6943.0 sentences: 344.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345373-ulsz1d85.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345373-ulsz1d85.txt summary: From 6 July to 22 July 2020, the period when the survey was conducted, the following regulations were in force in the country: nose-and-mouth coverings in confined public areas; closure of primary and secondary schools, and institutions of higher education; food and drink establishments were operational with enhanced sanitary measures in place (nose-and-mouth coverings required when not at the table, disinfecting tables, keeping a minimum distance of 1.5 m between patrons); gyms and swimming pools were reopened on 6 June 2020; individuals were allowed to socialise indoors in small groups; in most places, access to specialist medical care was provided at outpatient clinics [3] . Consumption of selected food products during the COVID-19 pandemic is presented in Figure 2 and the breakdown by the type of diabetes and gender is included in Supplementary Table S3 . A statistically significant increase in hand sanitiser use by the youngest respondents during the COVID-19 pandemic (p < 0.001) was observed. abstract: COVID-19 related restrictions aimed at curbing the spread of the coronavirus result in changes in daily routines and physical activity which can have a negative effect on eating and health habits. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with diabetes and their nutrition and health behaviours. A survey conducted in July 2020 included 124 individuals with type 1 (n = 90) and 2 (n = 34) diabetes mellitus from Poland. To assess nutritional and health behaviours, an online questionnaire covering basic information, anthropometric data, and details regarding physical activity, eating, and hygiene habits was used. Almost 40% of all respondents with type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) stated that their disease self-management had significantly improved. Over 60% of all participants declared that they had started eating more nutritious and regular meals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Enhanced hygiene, in particular, during the period, a statistically significant increase in hand sanitiser use was reported by respondents (18% vs. 82%, p < 0.001). The study demonstrated that the pandemic had a significant impact on the behaviour of patients with DM. Improved disease self-management and making healthy, informed food and hygiene choices were observed. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12103013 doi: 10.3390/nu12103013 id: cord-330849-yt44k88m author: Han, Rachel H. title: Planning for Mental Health Needs During COVID-19 date: 2020-10-08 words: 5521.0 sentences: 262.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330849-yt44k88m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330849-yt44k88m.txt summary: The purpose of this article, written from the perspective of military medical planners, is to present available data on the prevalence of specific mental health concerns and conditions from previous recent pandemics and COVID-19, as well as to provide data-informed recommendations for meeting the psychological needs of affected individuals. A combination of the following keywords in the title and/or abstract was used in searches of literature on the Southeast Asian Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), H1N1 influenza (H1N1), Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Ebola, and COVID-19 pandemics: mental health OR mental illness OR psychiatry OR psychology OR therapist OR PTSD OR posttraumatic OR post-traumatic stress disorder OR behavioral health OR anxiety [disorder] OR GAD OR depression/depressed OR complex grief AND data analysis OR statistic* OR prevalence OR percentage OR increase OR decrease. abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The ability to effectively prepare for and respond to the psychological fallout from large-scale disasters is a core competency of military mental health providers, as well as civilian emergency response teams. Disaster planning should be situation specific and data driven; vague, broad-spectrum planning can contribute to unprepared mental health teams and underserved patient populations. Herein, we review data on mental health sequelae from the twenty-first century pandemics, including SARS-CoV2 (COVID-19), and offer explanations for observed trends, insights regarding anticipated needs, and recommendations for preliminary planning on how to best allocate limited mental health resources. RECENT FINDINGS: Anxiety and distress, often attributed to isolation, were the most prominent mental health complaints during previous pandemics and with COVID-19. Additionally, post-traumatic stress was surprisingly common and possibly more enduring than depression, insomnia, and alcohol misuse. Predictions regarding COVID-19’s economic impact suggest that depression and suicide rates may increase over time. SUMMARY: Available data suggest that the mental health sequelae of COVID-19 will mirror those of previous pandemics. Clinicians and mental health leaders should focus planning efforts on the negative effects of isolation, particularly anxiety and distress, as well as post-traumatic stress symptoms. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33030637/ doi: 10.1007/s11920-020-01189-6 id: cord-306259-vi997dms author: Hanvoravongchai, Piya title: Pandemic influenza preparedness and health systems challenges in Asia: results from rapid analyses in 6 Asian countries date: 2010-06-08 words: 6405.0 sentences: 322.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306259-vi997dms.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306259-vi997dms.txt summary: The objective of this study is to understand the pandemic preparedness programmes, the health systems context, and challenges and constraints specific to the six Asian countries namely Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Taiwan, Thailand, and Viet Nam in the prepandemic phase before the start of H1N1/2009. At the same time, investment in pandemic preparation in the six Asian countries has contributed to improvement in health system surveillance, laboratory capacity, monitoring and evaluation and public communications. The level of economic development based on World Bank''s classification ranges from low income with high agricultural share (Lao PDR, Cambodia, and Viet Nam), middle income (Thailand and Indonesia) to industrialized and high income (Taiwan). In Cambodia, Lao PDR, Taiwan, Thailand, where resource allocation decisions are centralized, the budget allocation towards AHI and pandemic preparedness programmes was also decided mostly at central level. abstract: BACKGROUND: Since 2003, Asia-Pacific, particularly Southeast Asia, has received substantial attention because of the anticipation that it could be the epicentre of the next pandemic. There has been active investment but earlier review of pandemic preparedness plans in the region reveals that the translation of these strategic plans into operational plans is still lacking in some countries particularly those with low resources. The objective of this study is to understand the pandemic preparedness programmes, the health systems context, and challenges and constraints specific to the six Asian countries namely Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Taiwan, Thailand, and Viet Nam in the prepandemic phase before the start of H1N1/2009. METHODS: The study relied on the Systemic Rapid Assessment (SYSRA) toolkit, which evaluates priority disease programmes by taking into account the programmes, the general health system, and the wider socio-cultural and political context. The components under review were: external context; stewardship and organisational arrangements; financing, resource generation and allocation; healthcare provision; and information systems. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected in the second half of 2008 based on a review of published data and interviews with key informants, exploring past and current patterns of health programme and pandemic response. RESULTS: The study shows that health systems in the six countries varied in regard to the epidemiological context, health care financing, and health service provision patterns. For pandemic preparation, all six countries have developed national governance on pandemic preparedness as well as national pandemic influenza preparedness plans and Avian and Human Influenza (AHI) response plans. However, the governance arrangements and the nature of the plans differed. In the five developing countries, the focus was on surveillance and rapid containment of poultry related transmission while preparation for later pandemic stages was limited. The interfaces and linkages between health system contexts and pandemic preparedness programmes in these countries were explored. CONCLUSION: Health system context influences how the six countries have been preparing themselves for a pandemic. At the same time, investment in pandemic preparation in the six Asian countries has contributed to improvement in health system surveillance, laboratory capacity, monitoring and evaluation and public communications. A number of suggestions for improvement were presented to strengthen the pandemic preparation and mitigation as well as to overcome some of the underlying health system constraints. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20529345/ doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-322 id: cord-324366-x3djkzqn author: Hao, Fei title: COVID-19 and China’s Hotel Industry: Impacts, a Disaster Management Framework, and Post-Pandemic Agenda date: 2020-08-05 words: 8913.0 sentences: 417.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324366-x3djkzqn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324366-x3djkzqn.txt summary: title: COVID-19 and China''s Hotel Industry: Impacts, a Disaster Management Framework, and Post-Pandemic Agenda This study also suggests that COVID-19 will significantly and permanently affect four major aspects of China''s hotel industry—multi-business and multi-channels, product design and investment preference, digital and intelligent transformation, and market reshuffle. In this regard, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to explore the COVID-19 management framework in the context of China''s hotel industry; the framework addresses phases, principles, and strategies of the industry''s anti-pandemic journey. In addition to summarizing the overall impacts of COVID-19 on China''s hotel industry, the importance and originality of this study are that it develops a COVID-19 management framework comprising anti-pandemic phases, principles, strategies. It also offers original insights into major trends of China''s hotel industry during the post-pandemic era, including the emergence of multi-business and multi-channels, product design and investment preference, digital and intelligent transformation, and market reshuffle. abstract: This exploratory study reviews the overall impacts of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on China’s hotel industry. A COVID-19 management framework is proposed to address the anti-pandemic phases, principles, and strategies. This study also suggests that COVID-19 will significantly and permanently affect four major aspects of China’s hotel industry—multi-business and multi-channels, product design and investment preference, digital and intelligent transformation, and market reshuffle. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102636 doi: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102636 id: cord-000042-9mma6rva author: Harper, D. R. title: Science into policy: preparing for pandemic influenza date: 2008-07-04 words: 524.0 sentences: 34.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-000042-9mma6rva.txt txt: ./txt/cord-000042-9mma6rva.txt summary: Under the auspices of the UK Scientific Advisory Group on Pandemic Influenza, five scientific papers dealing with the main clinical countermeasures (antivirals, pre-pandemic and pandemic specific vaccines, antibiotics and facemasks) and the risk of a pandemic originating from an H5N1 virus were developed. Revised papers were then submitted to the Scientific Advisory Group for final endorsement as reflecting an accurate and comprehensive summary of the state of knowledge in June 2007. 1 Papers reviewing the scientific evidence base in the following areas are available at: http://www.advisorybodies.doh.gov.uk/ spi/evidence.htm (i) The use of antiviral drugs in a pandemic; (ii) pre-pandemic and pandemic specific influenza vaccines; (iii) the use of antibiotics for pandemic influenza; (iv) the use of face masks during a pandemic; and (v) the risk of a pandemic originating from H5N1. Scientific Advisory Group on Pandemic Influenza, review of the evidence base underpinning clinical countermeasures and risk from H5N1 abstract: Authoratative government pandemic preparedness requires an evidence-based approach. The scientific advisory process that has informed the current UK pandemic preparedness plans is described. The final endorsed scientific papers are now publicly available. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2638901/ doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdn049 id: cord-348394-ezxvgku6 author: Henneberg, Maciej title: COVID-19 and Evolutionary Medicine date: 2020-06-16 words: 1020.0 sentences: 66.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348394-ezxvgku6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348394-ezxvgku6.txt summary: Before the advent of effective preventive methods and therapies, opportunities for the operation of natural selection were very large -due to premature mortality, only about one third of individuals born had an opportunity to pass their genes to the next generation (Rühli and Henneberg 2016) . Because pathogen transmission via human contact was slow, worldwide pandemics were rare. Public health measures in many of past pandemics were very similar to those i ntroduced in the current pandemic, such as isolating sick individuals which was already described e.g.in the London Privy Council Rules and Orders (1666). Biological variability produced by mutation/selection balance, genetic polymorphisms, adaptive responses during ontogeny, life histories, and particular ways of infections and immune responses results in different phenotypic characteristics that enable some individuals to survive pandemics. Such "evolution proof" solutions are another way that evolutionary medicine can contribute to stopping the current pandemic. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33072325/ doi: 10.1093/emph/eoaa018 id: cord-301463-jzke8fop author: Hollingsworth, T. Déirdre title: Mitigation Strategies for Pandemic Influenza A: Balancing Conflicting Policy Objectives date: 2011-02-10 words: 7613.0 sentences: 335.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301463-jzke8fop.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301463-jzke8fop.txt summary: National pandemic influenza plans rarely contain clear statements of policy objectives or prioritization of potentially conflicting aims, such as minimizing mortality (depending on the severity of a pandemic) or peak prevalence or limiting the socio-economic burden of contact-reducing interventions. We use epidemiological models of influenza A to investigate how contact-reducing interventions and availability of antiviral drugs or pre-pandemic vaccines contribute to achieving particular policy objectives. Studies have shown that during the 1918-19 influenza pandemic public health control strategies and changes in population contact rates lowered transmission rates and reduced mortality and case numbers [22, 23] . In this paper we consider the effectiveness of contact-reducing interventions during the first six months after the initial cases, before a pandemic vaccine is available, and evaluate optimum interventions for a range of policy objectives or constraints, such as a limited stockpile of treatments or non-specific vaccine. abstract: Mitigation of a severe influenza pandemic can be achieved using a range of interventions to reduce transmission. Interventions can reduce the impact of an outbreak and buy time until vaccines are developed, but they may have high social and economic costs. The non-linear effect on the epidemic dynamics means that suitable strategies crucially depend on the precise aim of the intervention. National pandemic influenza plans rarely contain clear statements of policy objectives or prioritization of potentially conflicting aims, such as minimizing mortality (depending on the severity of a pandemic) or peak prevalence or limiting the socio-economic burden of contact-reducing interventions. We use epidemiological models of influenza A to investigate how contact-reducing interventions and availability of antiviral drugs or pre-pandemic vaccines contribute to achieving particular policy objectives. Our analyses show that the ideal strategy depends on the aim of an intervention and that the achievement of one policy objective may preclude success with others, e.g., constraining peak demand for public health resources may lengthen the duration of the epidemic and hence its economic and social impact. Constraining total case numbers can be achieved by a range of strategies, whereas strategies which additionally constrain peak demand for services require a more sophisticated intervention. If, for example, there are multiple objectives which must be achieved prior to the availability of a pandemic vaccine (i.e., a time-limited intervention), our analysis shows that interventions should be implemented several weeks into the epidemic, not at the very start. This observation is shown to be robust across a range of constraints and for uncertainty in estimates of both R(0) and the timing of vaccine availability. These analyses highlight the need for more precise statements of policy objectives and their assumed consequences when planning and implementing strategies to mitigate the impact of an influenza pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21347316/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1001076 id: cord-322612-vlxewj5k author: Hooker, Claire title: Risk Communication Should be Explicit About Values. A Perspective on Early Communication During COVID-19 date: 2020-11-09 words: 4115.0 sentences: 235.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322612-vlxewj5k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322612-vlxewj5k.txt summary: The Australian Health Sector Emergency Response Plan for Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) was released on February 27 (Grattan 2020) but was accompanied by little transparent communication about what was being done or which elements of the plan were receiving attention. We recommend a commitment in pandemic planning documents to sharing sources, models, and evidence at the time of deliberation, and with it, the questions advisors are asking (such as, will the same number of deaths occur regardless of strategy over the long term?) Earlier public discussion of these questions might at least have somewhat disrupted simplistic framing and use of "herd immunity," by enabling early and public scientific challenge from epidemiologists, as occurred from mid-March (Armitage and Hawke 2020; Barr 2020; MacIntyre 2020). Values-based risk communication will enable a more effective pandemic response. abstract: This article explores the consequences of failure to communicate early, as recommended in risk communication scholarship, during the first stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia and the United Kingdom. We begin by observing that the principles of risk communication are regarded as basic best practices rather than as moral rules. We argue firstly, that they nonetheless encapsulate value commitments, and secondly, that these values should more explicitly underpin communication practices in a pandemic. Our focus is to explore the values associated with the principle of communicating early and often and how use of this principle can signal respect for people’s self-determination whilst also conveying other values relevant to the circumstances. We suggest that doing this requires communication that explicitly acknowledges and addresses with empathy those who will be most directly impacted by any disease-control measures. We suggest further that communication in a pandemic should be more explicit about how values are expressed in response strategies and that doing so may improve the appraisal of new information as it becomes available. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33169264/ doi: 10.1007/s11673-020-10057-0 id: cord-327516-i25whxt2 author: Horby, Peter title: Improving preparedness for the next flu pandemic date: 2018-07-25 words: 2062.0 sentences: 78.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327516-i25whxt2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327516-i25whxt2.txt summary: Efforts to increase our preparedness, by improving predictions of viral emergence, spread and disease severity, by targeting reduced transmission and improved vaccination and by mitigating health impacts in lowand middle-income countries, should receive renewed urgency. However, there are limits to the predictive value of laboratory experiments and animal models, and when a new pandemic virus does emerge, which inevitably it will, the most important measure will be the disease severity per infected person. Any assessment of our ability to mitigate the health impact of the next influenza pandemic must consider what will be available for the large and vulnerable populations living in LMICs. The therapeutic efficacy of NAIs is a matter of some debate, but can probably be summarized as a proven but modest effect on the duration of symptoms in patients with mild influenza, and a probable but unproven small reduction in severe outcomes such as pneumonia and death. abstract: Pandemic influenza remains the single greatest threat to global heath security. Efforts to increase our preparedness, by improving predictions of viral emergence, spread and disease severity, by targeting reduced transmission and improved vaccination and by mitigating health impacts in low- and middle-income countries, should receive renewed urgency. url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-018-0206-7 doi: 10.1038/s41564-018-0206-7 id: cord-254621-ub7ynjai author: Hoyer, Carolin title: Decreased utilization of mental health emergency service during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-09 words: 1391.0 sentences: 55.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254621-ub7ynjai.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254621-ub7ynjai.txt summary: We present an early study from a German psychiatric hospital to assess the dynamics of mental health emergency service utilization rates during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results show that the numbers of emergency presentations decreased, and a positive correlation between these numbers and mobility of the general public suggests an impact of extended measures of social distancing. This retrospective study aimed to quantify the dynamics of mental health emergency service utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic and to assess a potential impact of the partial lockdown in Germany. This study identified a decrease of mental health emergency service utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic and for the first time extends observations made in other specialties [2, 3] to psychiatry. The correlation of lower service utilization rates and decreased population mobility moreover suggests an impact of extended measures of social distancing on patients'' willingness to seek help for mental health problems through in-hospital consultations. abstract: During the rapid rise of the COVID-19 pandemic, a reduction of the numbers of patients presenting to emergency departments has been observed. We present an early study from a German psychiatric hospital to assess the dynamics of mental health emergency service utilization rates during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results show that the numbers of emergency presentations decreased, and a positive correlation between these numbers and mobility of the general public suggests an impact of extended measures of social distancing. This finding underscores the necessity of raising and sustaining awareness regarding the threat to mental health in the context of the pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-020-01151-w doi: 10.1007/s00406-020-01151-w id: cord-018646-fqy82sm6 author: Huremović, Damir title: Brief History of Pandemics (Pandemics Throughout History) date: 2019-05-16 words: 6864.0 sentences: 333.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-018646-fqy82sm6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-018646-fqy82sm6.txt summary: Starting with religious texts, which heavily reference plagues, this chapter establishes the fundamentals for our understanding of the scope, social, medical, and psychological impact that some pandemics effected on civilization, including the Black Death (a plague outbreak from the fourteenth century), the Spanish Flu of 1918, and the more recent outbreaks in the twenty-first century, including SARS, Ebola, and Zika. This includes the unexamined ways pandemic outbreaks might have shaped the specialty of psychiatry; psychoanalysis was gaining recognition as an established treatment within medical community at the time the last great pandemic was making global rounds a century ago. Stemming from Doric Greek word plaga (strike, blow), the word plague is a polyseme, used interchangeably to describe a particular, virulent contagious febrile disease caused by Yersinia pestis, as a general term for any epidemic disease causing a high rate of mortality, or more widely, as a metaphor for any sudden outbreak of a disastrous evil or affliction [4] . abstract: Intermittent outbreaks of infectious diseases have had profound and lasting effects on societies throughout history. Those events have powerfully shaped the economic, political, and social aspects of human civilization, with their effects often lasting for centuries. Epidemic outbreaks have defined some of the basic tenets of modern medicine, pushing the scientific community to develop principles of epidemiology, prevention, immunization, and antimicrobial treatments. This chapter outlines some of the most notable outbreaks that took place in human history and are relevant for a better understanding of the rest of the material. Starting with religious texts, which heavily reference plagues, this chapter establishes the fundamentals for our understanding of the scope, social, medical, and psychological impact that some pandemics effected on civilization, including the Black Death (a plague outbreak from the fourteenth century), the Spanish Flu of 1918, and the more recent outbreaks in the twenty-first century, including SARS, Ebola, and Zika. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7123574/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-15346-5_2 id: cord-275257-upj8mvzn author: Hwang, E. Shelley title: Surgical Oncologists and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Guiding Cancer Patients Effectively through Turbulence and Change date: 2020-06-14 words: 8495.0 sentences: 389.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275257-upj8mvzn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275257-upj8mvzn.txt summary: Perspectives are provided on: (1) maintaining a safe environment for surgical oncology care; (2) redirecting the multidisciplinary model to guide surgical decisions; (3) harnessing telemedicine to accommodate requisite physical distancing; (4) understanding interactions between SARS CoV-2 and cancer therapy; (5) considering the ethical impact of professional guidelines for surgery prioritization; and (6) advocating for our patients who require oncologic surgery in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. The panel provides perspectives on: (1) creating a safe environment for surgical oncology care, (2) redirecting the multidisciplinary model to guide surgical decisions, (3) harnessing telemedicine to accommodate requisite physical distancing, (4) understanding interactions between SARS CoV-2 and cancer therapy, (5) considering the ethical impact of professional guidelines for surgery prioritization, and (6) advocating for our patients who require oncologic surgery in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has posed extraordinary demands from patients, providers, and health care systems. Despite this, surgical oncologists must maintain focus on providing high-quality, empathetic care for the almost 2 million patients nationally who will be diagnosed with operable cancer this year. The focus of hospitals is transitioning from initial COVID-19 preparedness activities to a more sustained approach to cancer care. METHODS: Editorial Board members provided observations of the implications of the pandemic on providing care to surgical oncology patients. RESULTS: Strategies are presented that have allowed institutions to successfully prepare for cancer care during COVID-19, as well as other strategies that will help hospitals and surgical oncologists manage anticipated challenges in the near term. Perspectives are provided on: (1) maintaining a safe environment for surgical oncology care; (2) redirecting the multidisciplinary model to guide surgical decisions; (3) harnessing telemedicine to accommodate requisite physical distancing; (4) understanding interactions between SARS CoV-2 and cancer therapy; (5) considering the ethical impact of professional guidelines for surgery prioritization; and (6) advocating for our patients who require oncologic surgery in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: Until an effective vaccine becomes available for widespread use, it is imperative that surgical oncologists remain focused on providing optimal care for our cancer patients while managing the demands that the COVID-19 pandemic will continue to impose on all of us. url: https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-020-08673-6 doi: 10.1245/s10434-020-08673-6 id: cord-272653-01wck9f3 author: Isaacs, David title: Apocalypse perhaps date: 2020-08-24 words: 1894.0 sentences: 133.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272653-01wck9f3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272653-01wck9f3.txt summary: The exact starting date of the novel coronavirus pandemic COVID-19 will never be known, but China informed the World Health Organization (WHO) about the disease on New Year''s Eve, 31 December 2019. Transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, was accelerated by traditional travel of 3 billion people for 40 days before the Chinese New Year on 25 January 2020. 2,3 When the Australian Chief Medical Officer activated the pandemic emergency response plan, weeks before the World Health Organization declared a pandemic, the Government was legally obliged to act. 12 The authors conclude that staff were being infected through community transmission and that PPE was effective in protecting front-line health-care workers. At a time when world leaders want to blame each other for aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic, the war metaphor is particularly menacing. Managing mental health challenges faced by healthcare workers during covid=19 pandemic abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1111/jpc.15011 doi: 10.1111/jpc.15011 id: cord-330512-nu8q72l9 author: Iskander, John title: Pandemic Influenza Planning, United States, 1978–2008 date: 2013-06-17 words: 4154.0 sentences: 205.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330512-nu8q72l9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330512-nu8q72l9.txt summary: After the emergence of a novel influenza virus of swine origin in 1976, national, state, and local US public health authorities began planning efforts to respond to future pandemics. Several events have since stimulated progress in public health emergency planning: the 1997 avian influenza A(H5N1) outbreak in Hong Kong, China; the 2001 anthrax attacks in the United States; the 2003 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome; and the 2003 reemergence of influenza A(H5N1) virus infection in humans. An influential policy review of the "swine flu affair" (i.e., the campaign to immunize the US population against a possible epidemic) identified several critical needs for future planning: 1) a more cautious approach to interpreting limited data and communicating risk to the public, 2) greater investment in research and preparedness, 3) clearer operational responsibilities within the federal government, 4) clear communication between planners at all levels of government, 5) strengthened local capacity for plan implementation, and 6) improved mechanisms for program evaluation (8) . abstract: During the past century, 4 influenza pandemics occurred. After the emergence of a novel influenza virus of swine origin in 1976, national, state, and local US public health authorities began planning efforts to respond to future pandemics. Several events have since stimulated progress in public health emergency planning: the 1997 avian influenza A(H5N1) outbreak in Hong Kong, China; the 2001 anthrax attacks in the United States; the 2003 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome; and the 2003 reemergence of influenza A(H5N1) virus infection in humans. We outline the evolution of US pandemic planning since the late 1970s, summarize planning accomplishments, and explain their ongoing importance. The public health community’s response to the 2009 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic demonstrated the value of planning and provided insights into improving future plans and response efforts. Preparedness planning will enhance the collective, multilevel response to future public health crises. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23731839/ doi: 10.3201/eid1906.121478 id: cord-021146-wdnnjlcw author: Jandrić, Petar title: Postdigital Research in the Time of Covid-19 date: 2020-03-21 words: 2393.0 sentences: 121.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-021146-wdnnjlcw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-021146-wdnnjlcw.txt summary: Writing these words from home isolation in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic, it is hard not to overstate the viral nature of, and viral perspective to, our postdigital reality. Postdigital viral modernity is equally about biology, culture, and society; in the long run, humanity cannot defend itself from Covid-19 and create a better future without engaging all strata of the society. Therefore, it is crucial that academic researchers working in the humanities and social sciences immediately join the struggle against the pandemic. Instead, we should look into the strengths of our disciplinary knowledges and research methods to try and create opportunities to contribute to humanity''s collective struggle against the Covid-19 pandemic and point towards more sustainable futures. Wearing my academic researcher hat, I am not ashamed of naivety of this paper-it honestly represents my current thoughts and feelings about the Covid-19 pandemic on 16 March 2020. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7149072/ doi: 10.1007/s42438-020-00113-8 id: cord-275462-7a55odok author: Journeay, W Shane title: Pandemic influenza: implications for occupational medicine date: 2009-06-23 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: This article reviews the biological and occupational medicine literature related to H5N1 pandemic influenza and its impact on infection control, cost and business continuity in settings outside the health care community. The literature on H5N1 biology is reviewed including the treatment and infection control mechanisms as they pertain to occupational medicine. Planning activity for the potential arrival of pandemic avian influenza is growing rapidly. Much has been published on the molecular biology of H5N1 but there remains a paucity of literature on the occupational medicine impacts to organizations. This review summarizes some of the basic science surrounding H5N1 influenza and raises some key concerns in pandemic planning for the occupational medicine professional. Workplaces other than health care settings will be impacted greatly by an H5N1 pandemic and the occupational physician will play an essential role in corporate preparation, response, and business continuity strategies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19549302/ doi: 10.1186/1745-6673-4-15 id: cord-325844-w0zqxwdh author: Kanekar, Amar title: COVID-19 and Mental Well-Being: Guidance on the Application of Behavioral and Positive Well-Being Strategies date: 2020-09-12 words: 2917.0 sentences: 135.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325844-w0zqxwdh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325844-w0zqxwdh.txt summary: Although the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have provided some guidelines to reduce stress and initiate coping [9] , the need of the hour seems to be planning and having resources and techniques for long-term mental health flourishing and better emotional health management. Although there is enough evidence-based literature on the application of positive mental health techniques at individual level for stress reduction or life fulfillment, its application in a pandemic scenario is minimally explored [17, 18] . There are several determinants of positive mental health such as hardiness, sense of coherence, social support, optimism, and self-esteem [36] that are important in the context of COVID-19. abstract: The raging COVID-19 pandemic has been a great source of anxiety, distress, and stress among the population. Along with mandates for social distancing and infection control measures, the growing importance of managing and cultivating good mental well-being practices cannot be disregarded. The purpose of this commentary is to outline and discuss some research-proven positive well-being and stress reduction strategies to instill healthy coping mechanisms among individuals and community members. The authors anticipate that usage of these strategies at the individual and the community level should greatly benefit the mental well-being not only in the current COVID-19 pandemic but also in any future epidemics at the national level. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32932613/ doi: 10.3390/healthcare8030336 id: cord-315963-hs70zo48 author: Kar, Sujita Kumar title: COVID-19 pandemic and addiction: Current problems and future concerns date: 2020-04-10 words: 793.0 sentences: 56.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315963-hs70zo48.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315963-hs70zo48.txt summary: People around the globe, during this crisis period, are expected to encounter several mental health challenges ranging from panic, phobia, health anxiety, sleep disturbances to dissociative like symptoms (Banerjee, 2020) . Hence, people who were addicted to any kind of substance use independence pattern are expected to experience withdrawal symptoms. As the impact of pandemic lasting for a long time, the binge-watching of television and electronic gadgets are also likely to persist; which may later result in behavioral addiction. Also, it is an accepted truth that the patients with substance use problems are vulnerable populations during the time of pandemic both for being infected or regarding complications (O''Sullivan and Bourgoin, 2010) . There is an urgent need to address the mental health issues of people during this pandemic. It is highly important to address mental health emergencies like severe and complicated withdrawal symptoms of substance use. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876201820301751 doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102064 id: cord-338683-nzgnpi6f author: Karligkiotis, Apostolos title: Changing paradigms in sinus and skull base surgery as the COVID‐19 pandemic evolves: Preliminary experience from a single Italian tertiary care center date: 2020-06-08 words: 4301.0 sentences: 206.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338683-nzgnpi6f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338683-nzgnpi6f.txt summary: The aim of the present paper is to report our preliminary experience with the management of urgent and nondeferrable endoscopic surgeries for sinus and skull base diseases, during the COVID-19 period, describing the evolving recommendations which have been implemented day by day, as new evidences emerged, until reaching the actual protocol of precautions. At the beginning, no specific protection was recommended during surgery and all health care workers in the operating room (OR) continued to wear standard surgical masks and gowns, leaving viral-filtering-PPE available to be used only in case of confirmed COVID-19 patients. 10 In order to investigate the health of the patients belonging to the PANDEMIC-group after their last postoperative medication, a telephone interview was carried out retrospectively, examining the following factors: fever, cough, dyspnoea, anosmia, dysgeusia, gastrointestinal signs/symptoms, myalgias, fatigue, headache, pharyngodynia, rhinorrhea, active pneumonia, need for hospitalization for any reason, potential swab or serological tests performed, and if they had been in contact with COVID-19 positive individuals. abstract: BACKGROUND: Italy was the first European country suffering from COVID‐19. Health care resources were redirected to manage the pandemic. We present our initial experience with the management of urgent and nondeferrable surgeries for sinus and skull base diseases during the COVID‐19 pandemic. METHODS: A retrospective review of patients treated in a single referral center during the first 2 months of the pandemic was performed. A comparison between the last 2‐month period and the same period of the previous year was carried out. RESULTS: Twenty‐four patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A reduction of surgical activity was observed (−60.7%). A statistically significant difference in pathologies treated was found (P = .016), with malignancies being the most frequent indication for surgery (45.8%). CONCLUSIONS: Although we feel optimistic for the future, we do not feel it is already time to restart elective surgeries. Our experience may serve for other centers who are facing the same challenges. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32510716/ doi: 10.1002/hed.26320 id: cord-307673-ekajojon author: Kaukinen, Catherine title: When Stay-at-Home Orders Leave Victims Unsafe at Home: Exploring the Risk and Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-06 words: 6130.0 sentences: 221.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307673-ekajojon.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307673-ekajojon.txt summary: The short-and longterm health consequences of COVID-19, stay-at-home orders and social distancing measures, family isolation, and the economic impacts of the pandemic are likely to impact both women''s experience of IPV and their ability to navigate ending these violent relationships, and potentially reverse the declining trend in IPV. Mazza, Maranoa, Laib, Janiria, and Sania (2020) have suggested that COVID-19 stay-at-home orders and social distancing will likely lead to a woman''s home becoming one of the most dangerous places for IPV victims due in large part to the requirement to quarantine day-after-day with their violent and abusive partner with limited access to those that might provide care and assistance. In looking at the way in which the COVID-19 pandemic is likely to shape the incidence, prevalence, and impact of IPV it is important to note that scholars have explored how past natural disasters and epidemics have shaped trends in rates of violence, impacted the health and well-being of IPV victims, but also exacerbated the factors associated with violent behaviors and victimization. abstract: The novel coronavirus pandemic (hereafter COVID-19) is likely to have unprecedented impacts on the incidence and impacts of crime and violence globally. This includes impacts to the risk, consequences, and decision-making of women experiencing violence by an intimate partner (hereafter IPV). Most importantly, the COVID-19 pandemic, and its impact on the risk of IPV is likely to differentially impact vulnerable populations, including minority women and those with long histories of victimization and mental health issues. This review paper explores the potential short- and long-term implications of COVID-19 on the risk of IPV, highlighting some of the most recent preliminary data. The economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, record levels of male unemployment, added stressors in the home, including the care and home schooling of children, and the social distancing measures required by the epidemiological response, may serve to undermine the decades of progress made in keeping women and children safe at home. Victim police reporting, help-seeking decisions, and social service utilization during the pandemic are likely to be impacted by stay-at-home orders and social distancing requirements. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications for providing safety planning and self-care for victims and their children. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12103-020-09533-5 doi: 10.1007/s12103-020-09533-5 id: cord-000916-b22s00es author: Kelso, Joel K title: Economic analysis of pandemic influenza mitigation strategies for five pandemic severity categories date: 2013-03-08 words: 9171.0 sentences: 412.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-000916-b22s00es.txt txt: ./txt/cord-000916-b22s00es.txt summary: This study estimates the effectiveness and total cost (from a societal perspective, with a lifespan time horizon) of a comprehensive range of social distancing and antiviral drug strategies, under a range of pandemic severity categories. For severe pandemics of category 3 (CFR 0.75%) and greater, a strategy combining antiviral treatment and prophylaxis, extended school closure and community contact reduction resulted in the lowest total cost of any strategy, costing $1,584 per person at category 5. For severe pandemics of category 3 (CFR 0.75%) and greater, a strategy combining antiviral treatment and prophylaxis, extended school closure and community contact reduction resulted in the lowest total cost of any strategy, costing $1,584 per person at category 5. Keywords: Pandemic influenza, Economic analysis, Antiviral medication, Social distancing, Pandemic severity, Case fatality ratio Background While the H1N1 2009 virus spread world-wide and was classed as a pandemic, the severity of resulting symptoms, as quantified by morbidity and mortality rates, was lower than that which had previously occurred in many seasonal epidemics [1] [2] [3] . abstract: BACKGROUND: The threat of emergence of a human-to-human transmissible strain of highly pathogenic influenza A(H5N1) is very real, and is reinforced by recent results showing that genetically modified A(H5N1) may be readily transmitted between ferrets. Public health authorities are hesitant in introducing social distancing interventions due to societal disruption and productivity losses. This study estimates the effectiveness and total cost (from a societal perspective, with a lifespan time horizon) of a comprehensive range of social distancing and antiviral drug strategies, under a range of pandemic severity categories. METHODS: An economic analysis was conducted using a simulation model of a community of ~30,000 in Australia. Data from the 2009 pandemic was used to derive relationships between the Case Fatality Rate (CFR) and hospitalization rates for each of five pandemic severity categories, with CFR ranging from 0.1% to 2.5%. RESULTS: For a pandemic with basic reproduction number R(0) = 1.8, adopting no interventions resulted in total costs ranging from $441 per person for a pandemic at category 1 (CFR 0.1%) to $8,550 per person at category 5 (CFR 2.5%). For severe pandemics of category 3 (CFR 0.75%) and greater, a strategy combining antiviral treatment and prophylaxis, extended school closure and community contact reduction resulted in the lowest total cost of any strategy, costing $1,584 per person at category 5. This strategy was highly effective, reducing the attack rate to 5%. With low severity pandemics costs are dominated by productivity losses due to illness and social distancing interventions, whereas higher severity pandemic costs are dominated by healthcare costs and costs arising from productivity losses due to death. CONCLUSIONS: For pandemics in high severity categories the strategies with the lowest total cost to society involve rigorous, sustained social distancing, which are considered unacceptable for low severity pandemics due to societal disruption and cost. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3606600/ doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-211 id: cord-327818-1abweqko author: Kersebaum, Dilara title: The early influence of COVID-19 pandemic-associated restrictions on pain, mood, and everyday life of patients with painful polyneuropathy date: 2020-10-14 words: 5220.0 sentences: 258.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327818-1abweqko.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327818-1abweqko.txt summary: OBJECTIVES: This study aimed at examining the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic-associated regulations initiated by the German government on pain intensity and characteristics, emotional well-being, and everyday life of patients with painful polyneuropathy. METHODS: Forty-three patients (well assessed with questionnaires before the pandemic and without change of their health status between baseline and current assessment) were investigated with validated, self-reported questionnaires and COVID-19-specific items 2 weeks after the regulations came into effect. In case of consent, the patient information and agreement were sent along with a set of standardized questionnaires relating to pain, emotional well-being, sleep, and physical activity as well as pandemic-associated questions about changes in daily life due to the pandemic. Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System depression, anxiety, pain interference, sleep, and fatigue scores, and quality of life did not differ between those with and without a change of social environment. abstract: INTRODUCTION: The SARS-Cov-2 pandemic requires special attention on its psychological effects and the impact on patients with chronic pain. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed at examining the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic-associated regulations initiated by the German government on pain intensity and characteristics, emotional well-being, and everyday life of patients with painful polyneuropathy. METHODS: Forty-three patients (well assessed with questionnaires before the pandemic and without change of their health status between baseline and current assessment) were investigated with validated, self-reported questionnaires and COVID-19-specific items 2 weeks after the regulations came into effect. RESULTS: Pain intensity remained stable or even improved like the neuropathic pain symptom inventory total score (t0: 33.54 ± 20.48 vs t1: 27.38 ± 16.16, P = 0.008). Only 11.6% reported a pandemic-associated pain worsening. Rumination scores of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale were lower during t1 compared to before the pandemic regulations (t0: 7.81 ± 4.70, t1: 6.49 ± 4.39; P = 0.030). Interestingly, pain ratings for the last 7 days were higher in patients with a changed social life compared to those without (−1.63 ± 1.60 vs 0.31 ± 1.83; P = 0.01). Quality of life was decreased and helplessness increased in those with higher pain ratings. CONCLUSION: Results suggest a shift of attention from the chronic pain condition towards the imminent threat of a global pandemic. As the impacts of the pandemic are persistent and evolving, the development of the measured parameters in the forthcoming weeks will be of great interest. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/pr9.0000000000000858 doi: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000000858 id: cord-322233-1i6zj9b3 author: Khurana, Sonal title: Now is the time to press the reset button: Helping India’s companies to become more resilient and effective in overcoming the impacts of COVID-19, climate changes and other crises date: 2020-10-01 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: COVID-19 is the pandemic caused by one of the coronaviruses. This virus was not known before the outbreak in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. By January of 2020 it was declared to be a global human health crisis. The deaths and illnesses caused by the virus caused extensive fear and anxiety among people in all societies. The pandemic slowed economic activities nearly to a halt. The challenges of how companies should respond to the disruptions in their supply chains and how they can build more resilient systems, must be systematically addressed. The authors of this paper highlighted essential factors which can help companies to overcome this crisis and other types of crises, by learning from the approaches taken in India, which has a unique and diverse economic system. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique was used to identify the essential factors which can help companies to improve their resilience so they can recover during and after the COVID-19 pandemic era and potentially in other similar complex crises. The results of the AHP evaluation were prioritized by performing a sensitivity analysis to prioritize the essential factors. The “Role of governance” was found to be the most important factor that can be used to help in rebuilding industries and societies and in helping them to become more resilient to future severe shocks. The results of this research were used to develop recommendations for company managers, practitioners and policy-makers. The authors hope that this advice will help India to become a stronger nation with more resilient companies, which are better prepared to anticipate and to respond to future crises. We hope people in other nations will also benefit from the finding presented in this paper. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33024355/ doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124466 id: cord-311671-l02icp6w author: Koonin, Lisa M. title: Strategies to Inform Allocation of Stockpiled Ventilators to Healthcare Facilities During a Pandemic date: 2020-04-01 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: During a severe pandemic, especially one causing respiratory illness, many people may require mechanical ventilation. Depending on the extent of the outbreak, there may be insufficient capacity to provide ventilator support to all of those in need. As part of a larger conceptual framework for determining need for and allocation of ventilators during a public health emergency, this article focuses on the strategies to assist state and local planners to allocate stockpiled ventilators to healthcare facilities during a pandemic, accounting for critical factors in facilities' ability to make use of additional ventilators. These strategies include actions both in the pre-pandemic and intra-pandemic stages. As a part of pandemic preparedness, public health officials should identify and query healthcare facilities in their jurisdiction that currently care for critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation to determine existing inventory of these devices and facilities' ability to absorb additional ventilators. Facilities must have sufficient staff, space, equipment, and supplies to utilize allocated ventilators adequately. At the time of an event, jurisdictions will need to verify and update information on facilities' capacity prior to making allocation decisions. Allocation of scarce life-saving resources during a pandemic should consider ethical principles to inform state and local plans for allocation of ventilators. In addition to ethical principles, decisions should be informed by assessment of need, determination of facilities' ability to use additional ventilators, and facilities' capacity to ensure access to ventilators for vulnerable populations (eg, rural, inner city, and uninsured and underinsured individuals) or high-risk populations that may be more susceptible to illness. url: https://doi.org/10.1089/hs.2020.0028 doi: 10.1089/hs.2020.0028 id: cord-276428-oy8e2cpx author: Krishnan, Lakshmi title: Historical Insights on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), the 1918 Influenza Pandemic, and Racial Disparities: Illuminating a Path Forward date: 2020-06-05 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is exacting a disproportionate toll on ethnic minority communities and magnifying existing disparities in health care access and treatment. To understand this crisis, physicians and public health researchers have searched history for insights, especially from a great outbreak approximately a century ago: the 1918 influenza pandemic. However, of the accounts examining the 1918 influenza pandemic and COVID-19, only a notable few discuss race. Yet, a rich, broader scholarship on race and epidemic disease as a “sampling device for social analysis” exists. This commentary examines the historical arc of the 1918 influenza pandemic, focusing on black Americans and showing the complex and sometimes surprising ways it operated, triggering particular responses both within a minority community and in wider racial, sociopolitical, and public health structures. This analysis reveals that critical structural inequities and health care gaps have historically contributed to and continue to compound disparate health outcomes among communities of color. Shifting from this context to the present, this article frames a discussion of racial health disparities through a resilience approach rather than a deficit approach and offers a blueprint for approaching the COVID-19 crisis and its afterlives through the lens of health equity. url: https://doi.org/10.7326/m20-2223 doi: 10.7326/m20-2223 id: cord-343926-47m17k1t author: Kuzemko, Caroline title: Covid-19 and the Politics of Sustainable Energy Transitions date: 2020-07-02 words: 6628.0 sentences: 270.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343926-47m17k1t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343926-47m17k1t.txt summary: We identify some of the initial impacts of the ''great lockdown'' on sustainable and fossil sources of energy, and consider how economic stimulus packages and social practices in the wake of the pandemic are likely to shape energy demand, the carbon-intensity of the energy system, and the speed of transitions. Discussion focuses on four key themes that shape the politics of sustainable energy transitions: (i) the short, medium and long-term temporalities of energy system change; (ii) practices of investment around clean-tech and divestment from fossil fuels; (iii) structures and scales of energy governance; and (iv) social practices around mobility, work and public health. For example, the Paris Agreement instituted nationally determined climate goals; sustainability transitions were placed on the agendas of many local, national and global governing bodies; the cost of renewable energy continued to fall rapidly, making it an increasingly politically and economically viable option; divestment campaigns were taking off; and there was a surge in public buy-into the argument that urgent action was required to address climate change. abstract: In this perspectives piece, an interdisciplinary team of social science researchers considers the implications of Covid-19 for the politics of sustainable energy transitions. The emergency measures adopted by states, firms, and individuals in response to this global health crisis have driven a series of political, economic and social changes with potential to influence sustainable energy transitions. We identify some of the initial impacts of the ‘great lockdown’ on sustainable and fossil sources of energy, and consider how economic stimulus packages and social practices in the wake of the pandemic are likely to shape energy demand, the carbon-intensity of the energy system, and the speed of transitions. Adopting a broad multi-scalar and multi-actor approach to the analysis of energy system change, we highlight continuities and discontinuities with pre-pandemic trends. Discussion focuses on four key themes that shape the politics of sustainable energy transitions: (i) the short, medium and long-term temporalities of energy system change; (ii) practices of investment around clean-tech and divestment from fossil fuels; (iii) structures and scales of energy governance; and (iv) social practices around mobility, work and public health. While the effects of the pandemic continue to unfold, some of its sectoral and geographically differentiated impacts are already emerging. We conclude that the politics of sustainable energy transitions are now at a critical juncture, in which the form and direction of state support for post-pandemic economic recovery will be key. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101685 doi: 10.1016/j.erss.2020.101685 id: cord-030407-w4bl5fer author: Kvasnovsky, Charlotte title: Reply to letter to the editor date: 2020-08-12 words: 154.0 sentences: 19.0 pages: flesch: 67.0 cache: ./cache/cord-030407-w4bl5fer.txt txt: ./txt/cord-030407-w4bl5fer.txt summary: key: cord-030407-w4bl5fer authors: Kvasnovsky, Charlotte title: Reply to letter to the editor date: 2020-08-12 journal: J Pediatr Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2020.08.002 sha: doc_id: 30407 cord_uid: w4bl5fer nan To the Editor, We thank Dr. Ayesha Saleem and associates for sharing their experience. Unlike your findings, we and other researchers 1 did not find an increase in patients presenting with complicated appendicitis during the height of the pandemic, although these are admittedly all small studies. We agree that this pandemic has forced us all to be flexible and re-think our previous workflows. The long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patient care and research remains to be seen. Pre-existing disparities in access to quality care are being amplified by this pandemic. The resilience of our social safety nets will be tested in the months and years to come. The Decreasing Incidence of Acute Appendicitis During COVID-19: A Retrospective Multi-centre Study abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7421302/ doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2020.08.002 id: cord-241146-j0qperwz author: Lallie, Harjinder Singh title: Cyber Security in the Age of COVID-19: A Timeline and Analysis of Cyber-Crime and Cyber-Attacks during the Pandemic date: 2020-06-21 words: 9934.0 sentences: 518.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-241146-j0qperwz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-241146-j0qperwz.txt summary: To increase likelihood of success, these attacks target sale of goods in high demand (e.g., Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) and coronavirus testing kits and drugs), potentially highly profitable in-vestments in stocks related to COVID-19, and impersonations of representatives of public authorities like WHO and aid scams [6, 37] . Information presented in the timeline includes the date China alerted the WHO about the virus, the date the pandemic was officially declared, and cyber-attacks which specifically relate to hospitals or medicine. By early May (07-05-20), more than 160,000 ''suspect'' emails had been reported to the National Cyber Security Centre [103] and by the end of May (29-05-20), £4.6m had been lost to COVID-19 related scams with around 11,206 victims of phishing and / or smishing campaigns [104] . To further increase the likely success of phishing attacks cyber-criminals have been identified registering large numbers of website domains containing the words ''covid'' and ''coronavirus'' [112] . abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic was a remarkable unprecedented event which altered the lives of billions of citizens globally resulting in what became commonly referred to as the new-normal in terms of societal norms and the way we live and work. Aside from the extraordinary impact on society and business as a whole, the pandemic generated a set of unique cyber-crime related circumstances which also affected society and business. The increased anxiety caused by the pandemic heightened the likelihood of cyber-attacks succeeding corresponding with an increase in the number and range of cyber-attacks. This paper analyses the COVID-19 pandemic from a cyber-crime perspective and highlights the range of cyber-attacks experienced globally during the pandemic. Cyber-attacks are analysed and considered within the context of key global events to reveal the modus-operandi of cyber-attack campaigns. The analysis shows how following what appeared to be large gaps between the initial outbreak of the pandemic in China and the first COVID-19 related cyber-attack, attacks steadily became much more prevalent to the point that on some days, 3 or 4 unique cyber-attacks were being reported. The analysis proceeds to utilise the UK as a case study to demonstrate how cyber-criminals leveraged key events and governmental announcements to carefully craft and design cyber-crime campaigns. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.11929v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-017857-fdn8c4hx author: Leanza, Matthias title: The Darkened Horizon: Two Modes of Organizing Pandemics date: 2018-02-06 words: 5013.0 sentences: 264.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-017857-fdn8c4hx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-017857-fdn8c4hx.txt summary: Since roughly the year 2000, the World Health Organization has collaborated with a large number of local actors and made a concentrated effort to protect the world''s population against emerging infectious diseases, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), swine flu, Ebola and Zika. Without the capacity of organizations to produce binding decisions for their members, which makes planning for an uncertain future possible, pandemic preparedness would not be feasible—especially not on a global scale. Around the year 2000, the World Health Organization (WHO) started collaborating with a large number of local actors and made a concentrated effort to protect the world''s population against emerging infectious diseases such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), swine flu, Ebola and Zika. With regard to the WHO, which was established in 1948, I will discuss the question of how supranational coordination and planning for the future is rendered possible by building formal organizations and organizational networks at a global level. abstract: This chapter deals with the recent darkening of the future horizon in the global fight against pandemics. Since roughly the year 2000, the World Health Organization has collaborated with a large number of local actors and made a concentrated effort to protect the world’s population against emerging infectious diseases, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), swine flu, Ebola and Zika. Although efforts have been made so that the spread of future infectious diseases will be contained through early intervention, the actors in charge anticipate that the extant measures will fail to some degree. They believe it is simply impossible to prevent all pandemics from happening. But steps can and should be taken to lessen the impact of an unavoidable pandemic through emergency preparation. This chapter deals with organizations and organizational networks as key actors in these processes of emergency planning. Without the capacity of organizations to produce binding decisions for their members, which makes planning for an uncertain future possible, pandemic preparedness would not be feasible—especially not on a global scale. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7122534/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-74506-0_11 id: cord-006130-x8kl9bx4 author: Lee, Connal title: Ethics, Pandemic Planning and Communications date: 2014-05-27 words: 3681.0 sentences: 202.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-006130-x8kl9bx4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-006130-x8kl9bx4.txt summary: In the following sections, we argue for ethical pandemic communications that overcome barriers to accessing information and avoid inequalities imposed by current media arrangements. Addressing inequalities in access therefore requires making information directly accessible for the public and ensuring that information is sensitive to the varying needs and interests of different individuals and groups in society so that it is information that people have the capacity to act on. This is inadequate communication from an ethical point of view, as it places the burden of responsibility on individuals to access information.P In planning for a public health crisis such as a pandemic, there needs to be more than a formal capacity to access necessary information. 22 Given the potential for increased burden of disease amongst the disadvantaged, it may be particularly harmful for the effective implementation of pandemic plans if less well-off sections of the community and vulnerable groups are not given a voice through the media. abstract: In this article we examine the role and ethics of communications in planning for an influenza pandemic. We argue that ethical communication must not only he effective, so that pandemic plans can be successfully implemented, communications should also take specific account of the needs of the disadvantaged, so that they are not further disenfranchised. This will require particular attention to the role of the mainstream media which may disadvantage the vulnerable through misrepresentation and exclusion. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7099310/ doi: 10.1007/bf03351458 id: cord-326851-0jxdnm1l author: Lee, Sang M. title: Lessons Learned from Battling COVID-19: The Korean Experience date: 2020-10-16 words: 9665.0 sentences: 461.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326851-0jxdnm1l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326851-0jxdnm1l.txt summary: Results: Korea''s success rests on its readiness, with the capacity for massive testing and obtaining prompt test results, effective contact tracing based on its world-leading mobile technologies, timely provision of personal protective equipment (PPE) to first responders, effective treatment of infected patients, and invoking citizens'' community and civic conscience for the shared goal of defeating the pandemic. More specifically, this study has the following objectives: (1) To analyze Korean experiences with cases where healthcare facilities failed to prevent previous infectious diseases from spreading, and how these failures served the government in devising effective approaches to encounter the COVID-19 pandemic, (2) To dissect cases that showed innovative and successful response measures to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic, and (3) To elaborate on suggestions for crisis management based on the lessons learned from these COVID-19 response cases in Korea. abstract: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has swept the world like a gigantic tsunami, turning social and economic activities upside down. Methods: This paper presents some of the innovative response strategies implemented by the public health system, healthcare facilities, and government in South Korea, which has been hailed as the model country for its success in containing COVID-19. Korea reinvented its public health infrastructure with a sense of urgency. Results: Korea’s success rests on its readiness, with the capacity for massive testing and obtaining prompt test results, effective contact tracing based on its world-leading mobile technologies, timely provision of personal protective equipment (PPE) to first responders, effective treatment of infected patients, and invoking citizens’ community and civic conscience for the shared goal of defeating the pandemic. The lessons learned from Korea’s response in countering the onslaught of COVID-19 provide unique implications for public healthcare administrators and operations management practitioners. Conclusion: Since many epidemic experts warn of a second wave of COVID-19, the lessons learned from the first wave will be a valuable resource for responding to the resurgence of the virus. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207548 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17207548 id: cord-000262-4owsb0bg author: Leung, Gabriel M. title: Reflections on Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and the International Response date: 2010-10-05 words: 4616.0 sentences: 244.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-000262-4owsb0bg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-000262-4owsb0bg.txt summary: In settings like Hong Kong, with the infrastructure and resources to implement such measures and N Decisions regarding pandemic response during the exigencies of a public health emergency must be judged according to the best evidence available at the time. Reduce and delay community spread somewhat at the earliest stage to allow better preparation for mitigation response [15] Completely prevent entry of infected individuals due to suboptimal sensitivity and asymptomatic (including infected and within incubation period) or subclinical presentation [16] Many countries did not attempt these measures because of logistics, stage of pandemic [22] or other cost-benefit considerations [16] China Hong Kong SAR Japan Personal protective measures (e.g., face masks, hand hygiene, cough etiquette, early self-isolation when ill) Reduce risk of infection to self and close contacts (if self is ill and infected) [27, 28] Have not been evaluated whether they can provide significant populationlevel protection abstract: Gabriel Leung and Angus Nicoll provide their reflections on the international response to the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic, including what went well and what changes need to be made in anticipation of future flu pandemics. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2950129/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000346 id: cord-330837-pwwgmtjr author: Lim, Zheng Jie title: Incidence and outcome of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in the COVID-19 era: A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-11-01 words: 3367.0 sentences: 202.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330837-pwwgmtjr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330837-pwwgmtjr.txt summary: title: Incidence and outcome of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in the COVID-19 era: A systematic review and meta-analysis For example, an increase in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) incidence has been reported since the very early phase of the COVID-19 epidemic [2] . A recent population-based crosssectional study reported that out-of-hospital cardiac arrests had increased 3-fold during the 2020 COVID-19 period when compared with during the comparison period in 2019 [3] . The study hypothesis was that the incidence of OHCA and the associated mortality was higher during the COVID-19 pandemic period when compared to an earlier period. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the authors aimed to determine the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence, processes of care and mortality among OHCA patients. J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f DISCUSSION Across the selected studies, we observed a more than two-fold increase in OHCA incidence during the COVID-19 pandemic, with an overall significant increase in mortality. abstract: BACKGROUND: The impact of COVID-19 on pre-hospital and hospital services and hence on the prevalence and outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) remain unclear. The review aimed to evaluate the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence, process, and outcomes of OHCA. METHODS: A systematic review of PubMed, EMBASE, and pre-print websites was performed. Studies reporting comparative data on OHCA within the same jurisdiction, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic were included. Study quality was assessed based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RESULTS: Ten studies reporting data from 35,379 OHCA events were included. There was a 120% increase in OHCA events since the pandemic. Time from OHCA to ambulance arrival was longer during the pandemic (p = 0.036). While mortality (OR = 0.67, 95%-CI 0.49-0.91) and supraglottic airway use (OR = 0.36, 95%-CI 0.27-0.46) was higher during the pandemic, automated external defibrillator use (OR = 1.78 95%-CI 1.06-2.98), return of spontaneous circulation (OR = 1.63, 95%-CI 1.18-2.26) and intubation (OR = 1.87, 95%-CI 1.12-3.13) was more common before the pandemic. More patients survived to hospital admission (OR = 1.75, 95%-CI 1.42-2.17) and discharge (OR = 1.65, 95%-CI 1.28-2.12) before the pandemic. Bystander CPR (OR = 1.08, 95%-CI 0.86-1.35), unwitnessed OHCA (OR = 0.84, 95%-CI 0.66-1.07), paramedic-resuscitation attempts (OR = 1.19 95%-CI 1.00-1.42) and mechanical CPR device use (OR = 1.57 95%-CI 0.55-4.55) did not defer significantly. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence and mortality following OHCA was higher during the COVID-19 pandemic. There were significant variations in resuscitation practices during the pandemic. Research to define optimal processes of pre-hospital care during a pandemic is urgently required. REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO (CRD42020203371). url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0300957220305335?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.10.025 id: cord-256086-8qfeoayb author: Lin, Leesa title: Tuning in and catching on? Examining the relationship between pandemic communication and awareness and knowledge of MERS in the USA date: 2016-04-15 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: Large-scale influenza outbreaks over the last decade, such as SARS and H1N1, have brought to global attention the importance of emergency risk communication and prompted the international community to develop communication responses. Since pandemic outbreaks are relatively infrequent, there is a dearth of evidence addressing the following questions: (i) Have the resources invested in strategic and routine communication for past pandemic outbreaks yielded public health preparedness benefits? (ii) Have past efforts sensitized people to pay attention to new pandemic threats? The Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) that was followed closely by major media outlets in the USA provides an opportunity to examine the relationship between exposure to public communication about epidemics and public awareness and knowledge about new risks. METHODS: In December, 2013, we surveyed a nationally representative sample of 627 American adults and examined the associations between people's awareness to prior pandemics and their awareness of and knowledge about MERS. RESULTS: Awareness of prior pandemics was significantly associated with awareness and knowledge of MERS. The most common sources from which people first heard about MERS were also identified. CONCLUSIONS: Communication inequalities were observed between racial/ethnic and socioeconomic positions, suggesting a need for more effective pandemic communication. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdw028 doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdw028 id: cord-345064-it26ygo6 author: Lotzin, Annett title: Stressors, coping and symptoms of adjustment disorder in the course of the COVID-19 pandemic – study protocol of the European Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS) pan-European study date: 2020-08-27 words: 4685.0 sentences: 248.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345064-it26ygo6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345064-it26ygo6.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: The longitudinal online cohort study aims (1) to explore psychosocial reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic across ten European countries; (2) to examine the relationships between risk and resilience factors, stressors and symptoms of adjustment disorder during the pandemic; and (3) to investigate whether these relationships are moderated by coping behaviours. Following a conceptual framework based on the WHO''s social framework of health, an assessment of risk and resilience factors, COVID-19 related stressors and pandemic-specific coping behaviours will be measured to estimate their contribution to symptoms of adjustment disorder. The study will examine the relationships between these complex risk and resilience factors, stressors, coping behaviour and stress-related symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic across ten European countries. In addition to the core set of measures described above, each participating country may include optional instruments to assess the following constructs: resilience, coping behaviours, symptoms of depression, and positive consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: BACKGROUND: During the current COVID-19 pandemic, the people in Europe are exposed to self-isolation, quarantine, job loss, risk of contracting COVID-19, or grief of loved ones. Such a complex array of stressors may lead to symptoms of adjustment disorder or posttraumatic stress disorder. This research protocol describes a study launched by the European Society of Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS) to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on symptoms of adjustment disorder across European countries. OBJECTIVE: The longitudinal online cohort study aims (1) to explore psychosocial reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic across ten European countries; (2) to examine the relationships between risk and resilience factors, stressors and symptoms of adjustment disorder during the pandemic; and (3) to investigate whether these relationships are moderated by coping behaviours. METHOD: In ten countries (Austria, Croatia, Georgia, Germany, Italy, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, and Sweden), between 1,000 and 2,000 participants will be recruited, depending on the size of the country. Participants will be assessed at two timepoints with a six-month interval. Following a conceptual framework based on the WHO’s social framework of health, an assessment of risk and resilience factors, COVID-19 related stressors and pandemic-specific coping behaviours will be measured to estimate their contribution to symptoms of adjustment disorder. The Adjustment Disorder New Module 8 (ADNM-8) will be used to assess symptoms of adjustment disorder. As a secondary measure, symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder will be measure using the Primary Care PTSD Screen for DSM-5 (PC-PTSD-5). DATA ANALYSIS: The relative contribution of risk factors, resilience factors, and stressors on symptoms of adjustment disorder or symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder will be estimated using multilevel analysis. To determine the moderating effects of different types of coping behaviours on these relationships, a multilevel mediation analysis will be carried out. url: https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2020.1780832 doi: 10.1080/20008198.2020.1780832 id: cord-031840-k9l91unc author: Lu, Li title: Forum: COVID-19 Dispatches date: 2020-09-11 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: COVID-19 pandemic is the first truly global crisis in the digital age. With death count worldwide reaching 586,000 merely 7 months after its first outbreak in China in late December 2019 and 13.6 million cases reported in 188 countries and territories as of July 2020, this ongoing pandemic has spread far beyond domain of world health problem to become an unprecedented challenge facing humanity at every level. In addition to causing social and economic disruptions on a scale unseen before, it has turned the world into a site of biopolitical agon where science and reason are forced to betray their impotence against cultish thinking in the planetary endgame depicted in so many dystopian science fictions. It is in this context that this forum offers a set of modest reflections on the current impacts incurred by the COVID-19 virus. Blending ethnographic observations with theory-driven reflections, the five authors address issues made manifest by the crisis across different regions, while keeping their sight on the sociopolitical problems plaguing our life both individually and collectively. Taken together, they provide a grounded documentary for the archive that the COVID-19 virus is making us to construct. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7488168/ doi: 10.1177/1532708620953190 id: cord-296493-l437zwvt author: Lumpkin, Murray M title: Pandemic Best Regulatory Practices: An Urgent Need in the Covid‐19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-04 words: 1793.0 sentences: 96.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296493-l437zwvt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296493-l437zwvt.txt summary: As large numbers of candidate drugs and vaccines for potential use in the Covid‐19 pandemic are investigated, medicines regulators globally must now make urgent, informed, contextually risk‐based decisions regarding clinical trials and marketing authorizations. As large numbers of candidate drugs and vaccines for potential use in the Covid-19 pandemic are investigated, medicines regulators globally must now make urgent, informed, contextually riskbased decisions regarding clinical trials and marketing authorizations. We lay out the critical role of regulators in the current crisis and offer eight "pandemic best regulatory practices." These should support both the regulatory public heath imperative and assure timely patient access to effective, safe, quality products worldwide during this emergencythus contributing to ending this pandemic as quickly, effectively, and safely as possible. There is pressure on the world''s leading national regulatory authorities (NRAs) for medicines and medical devices to take urgent, informed, contextually risk-based decisions regarding clinical trials authorizations, emergency use authorizations, site inspections, and post-authorization commitments. abstract: As large numbers of candidate drugs and vaccines for potential use in the Covid‐19 pandemic are investigated, medicines regulators globally must now make urgent, informed, contextually risk‐based decisions regarding clinical trials and marketing authorizations. They must do this with the flexibility demanded by the pandemic while maintaining their core risk assessment and public safety functions. We lay out the critical role of regulators in the current crisis and offer eight “pandemic best regulatory practices.” url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32498131/ doi: 10.1002/cpt.1932 id: cord-323200-xnr02xq3 author: Mansuri, Farah M.A. title: Situation analysis and an insight into assessment of pandemic COVID-19 date: 2020-04-08 words: 1303.0 sentences: 77.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323200-xnr02xq3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323200-xnr02xq3.txt summary: The world is seeing a catastrophic pandemic of SARS-CoV2 or of the disease COVID-19, in first quarter of 21st century with the emergence of novel corona virus. 1,2 Regional statistics of World health organization depicts that Eastern Mediterranean region (EMRO) stands fourth in the rank of prevalence of confirmed cases of COVID-19 after Europe, Americas and Western pacific, with a total number of 66 thousand cases and 3592 deaths. 4 The other indicator besides transmission rate, is severity of the pandemic, that can be studied by ratio of cases to hospitalization, ratio of deaths to hospitalization and ratio of Intensive care Unit admissions to total admissions. This disparity in fatality and pandemic severity index may be due to several factors such as higher virulence of virus and availability of better preventive or therapeutic health care services etc. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32292320/ doi: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.04.001 id: cord-316799-sa5aeu9w author: Mansuri, Farah Muhammad Asad title: Estimation of population’s response to mitigation measures and self-perceived behaviours against COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-04 words: 1611.0 sentences: 101.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316799-sa5aeu9w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316799-sa5aeu9w.txt summary: title: Estimation of population''s response to mitigation measures and self-perceived behaviours against COVID-19 Pandemic We conducted a short survey with a Saudi cohort to understand the awareness about COVID-19 and estimate the responses for mitigation strategies. The questionnaire comprised 27 items and was divided into three sections, namely demographic, awareness, and response to mitigation strategies and participants'' self-perceived behaviours regarding COVID-19. Conclusions We report better understanding and appropriate response to mitigation measures towards the COVID-19 pandemic among the general population in Saudi Arabia. 11 For the current pandemic, mitigation measures have been implemented from 27 The questionnaire comprised 27 questions and was divided into three sections, namely 30 demographic, awareness, and response to mitigation strategies and participants'' self-31 perceived behaviours regarding COVID-19. It was also 13 found that participants identified children younger than five years of age as the only high-risk 14 group, which was significantly associated with response to mitigation measures (p=0.03). abstract: Abstract Objectives Since March 2020, a rapid increase has been observed in the prevalence of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has essentially resulted from increased disease transmission and intensified testing and reporting. The international guidelines for the prevention and treatment of the COVID-19 pandemic have been frequently updated. Such guidelines assist the governmental regulatory bodies in taking optimal measures and safeguarding their citizens against the pandemic. We conducted a short survey with a Saudi cohort to understand the awareness about COVID-19 and estimate the responses for mitigation strategies. Methods An electronic survey was conducted, and the first 388 responses were analysed for publishing an initial report. The questionnaire comprised 27 items and was divided into three sections, namely demographic, awareness, and response to mitigation strategies and participants’ self-perceived behaviours regarding COVID-19. The perceptions of the participants were compared with their responses to mitigation measures. Results In our study, 89.7% understood the meaning of pandemic, while 82.2% correctly identified that the elderly belonged to a high-risk group for the COVID-19 infection. As many as 96.1% agreed that staying at home was one of the mitigation strategies. Nearly 35% preferred self-medication. Higher educational level (OR: 2.09, 95% CI: 1.02- 4.29) and longer working hours were found to be significantly associated with a positive response to mitigation measures with p<0.04 and p<.02, respectively. Conclusions We report better understanding and appropriate response to mitigation measures towards the COVID-19 pandemic among the general population in Saudi Arabia. Nevertheless, the tendency towards self-medication was reported by one-third of the responders. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1658361220300901?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.06.003 id: cord-256042-1yq7kf7d author: McDonnell, Sarah title: The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on maternity services: a review of maternal and neonatal outcomes before, during and after the pandemic date: 2020-10-12 words: 2913.0 sentences: 137.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256042-1yq7kf7d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256042-1yq7kf7d.txt summary: The rate of preterm birth was significantly less common in January-July 2020 compared to January-July in 2018/2019 (7.4% v 8,6%, chi-sq 4.53, P = 0.03) CONCLUSION: The was no evidence of a negative impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on maternity services, as demonstrated by maternal and neonatal outcomes. In summary, there is no correlation between Covid deaths (representing the pandemic peak) and preterm births, perinatal mortality, mode of delivery or maternity complications across the months of January to July 2020. There has been a wealth of data published on Covid-19 infection in pregnancy and our knowledge of the effects of SARS-CoV2 on maternal and neonatal outcomes has rapidly evolved, with reports of perinatal transmission increasing 8, 9 . However, a regional maternity unit in Ireland has described a reduction in preterm deliveries of very low birth weight infants during the Covid-19 pandemic in their population. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore any apparent trends in maternal or neonatal outcomes during the Covid-19 pandemic by comparing the maternity outcomes before, during and after the pandemic. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review was performed of maternity statistics recorded on the hospital database of a large tertiary referral centre in Dublin with over 8,000 deliveries per annum from 1 st January to 31 st July 2020. This time period represented the months prior to, during the peak and following the pandemic in Ireland. RESULTS: There was no correlation between the monthly number of Covid deaths and the monthly number of perinatal deaths (r = 0.465, NS), preterm births (r = 0.339, NS) or hypertensive pregnancies (r = 0.48, NS). Compared to the combined numbers for the same month in 2018 and 2019, there were no significant changes in perinatal deaths or preterm births in the months when Covid deaths were at their height. The rate of preterm birth was significantly less common in January-July 2020 compared to January-July in 2018/2019 (7.4% v 8,6%, chi-sq 4.53, P = 0.03) CONCLUSION: The was no evidence of a negative impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on maternity services, as demonstrated by maternal and neonatal outcomes. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0301211520306539 doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.10.023 id: cord-336549-xjrrw0wr author: Megahed, Naglaa A. title: Antivirus-built environment: lessons learned from covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-24 words: 4803.0 sentences: 281.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336549-xjrrw0wr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336549-xjrrw0wr.txt summary: This study encourages the search for suitable design ideas, trends, and planning theories to provide the required protection from virus attacks and continue to add more layers in the defense system of our built environment. Architects, planners, and built environment professionals are keen to examine many social and spatial implications to generate new patterns and configurations of use (Paital, 2020; Salama, 2020 problems and challenges in all building types and urban spaces as illustrated in Figure 1 . Although the situation is still unfolding, the COVID-19 pandemic has already highlighted the importance of certain design concepts and reassessed fundamental assumptions in urban and architecture approaches. The right design and planning strategies now could help to position our built environment in the post-pandemic era. We could more effectively use healthy design and planning strategies to face pandemics and create a less pullulated, more sustainable architecture, and urbanism in general. abstract: Before developing medications for an epidemic, one solution is to go back to the physical and built environment to reduce its impact. Epidemics have transformed our built environment because of the fear of infection. Consequently, architecture and urbanism after the Covid-19 epidemic will never be the same. Although the current global epidemic poses a challenge at all levels in the built environment, it will take time to develop an antivirus-enabled paradigm to reduce the potential risks or stop the virus from spreading. This study imagines what the antivirus-built environment looks like based on the lessons learned and the importance of designing a healthy and sustainable built environment. Many unanswered questions require further multidisciplinary studies. We aim to search for answers and learn from this forced experiment to add additional security layers to overcome future virus-like attacks. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32834930/ doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102350 id: cord-160526-27kmder5 author: Meyer, R. Daniel title: Statistical Issues and Recommendations for Clinical Trials Conducted During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-21 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has had and continues to have major impacts on planned and ongoing clinical trials. Its effects on trial data create multiple potential statistical issues. The scale of impact is unprecedented, but when viewed individually, many of the issues are well defined and feasible to address. A number of strategies and recommendations are put forward to assess and address issues related to estimands, missing data, validity and modifications of statistical analysis methods, need for additional analyses, ability to meet objectives and overall trial interpretability. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.10248v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-338390-v4ncshav author: Moghadas, Seyed M. title: Managing public health crises: the role of models in pandemic preparedness date: 2009-03-02 words: 3087.0 sentences: 135.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338390-v4ncshav.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338390-v4ncshav.txt summary: 4 The workshop brought together public health experts, key decision makers, and infectious disease modelers to: (i) identify the strengths and weaknesses of mathematical models, and suggest ways to improve their predictive ability that will ultimately influence policy effectiveness; and (ii) provide an opportunity for the discussion of priority components of a pandemic plan and determine key parameters that affect policy decision making. These included evaluations and model predictions for antiviral strategies and their implications for drug stockpiling; the role of population contact networks in the emergence and spread of drug-resistance; targeting influenza vaccination at specific age groups; optimal control of pandemic outbreaks; and the usefulness of non-pharmaceutical interventions in disease mitigation. There are two major reasons underlying this evaluation: first, data are limited and prior to the emergence of a novel pandemic strain, it is not possible to study the epidemiological impact of disease or interventions in a real world environment; second, public health authorities would need to be prepared for all the likely scenarios that could influence the outcome of preparedness strategies. abstract: Background Given the enormity of challenges involved in pandemic preparedness, design and implementation of effective and cost‐effective public health policies is a major task that requires an integrated approach through engagement of scientific, administrative, and political communities across disciplines. There is ample evidence to suggest that modeling may be a viable approach to accomplish this task. Methods To demonstrate the importance of synergism between modelers, public health experts, and policymakers, the University of Winnipeg organized an interdisciplinary workshop on the role of models in pandemic preparedness in September 2008. The workshop provided an excellent opportunity to present outcomes of recent scientific investigations that thoroughly evaluate the merits of preventive, therapeutic, and social distancing mechanisms, where community structures, priority groups, healthcare providers, and responders to emergency situations are given specific consideration. Results This interactive workshop was clearly successful in strengthening ties between various disciplines and creating venues for modelers to effectively communicate with policymakers. The importance of modeling in pandemic planning was highlighted, and key parameters that affect policy decision‐making were identified. Core assumptions and important activities in Canadian pandemic plans at the provincial and national levels were also discussed. Conclusions There will be little time for thoughtful and rapid reflection once an influenza pandemic strikes, and therefore preparedness is an unavoidable priority. Modeling and simulations are key resources in pandemic planning to map out interdependencies and support complex decision‐making. Models are most effective in formulating strategies for managing public health crises when there are synergies between modelers, planners, and policymakers. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19496845/ doi: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2009.00081.x id: cord-322082-80ym2rsq author: Monto, Arnold S title: Lessons From Influenza Pandemics of the Last 100 Years date: 2020-03-01 words: 4089.0 sentences: 229.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322082-80ym2rsq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322082-80ym2rsq.txt summary: Since this was the first true pandemic since 1918, there was immediate concern about its potential impact and great relief when it was found to resemble seasonal influenza with morbidity highest in children and mortality at the extremes of age [26, 27] (Figure 3 ). However, the new A(H3N2) virus completely replaced the previous subtype, and its variants, more than 50 years later, have been responsible for the greatest proportion of mortality from influenza viruses. In the United States, there was particular attention directed to nonpharmaceutical interventions, a result of the recognition that pandemic-specific vaccines would be available relatively late and that influenza-specific antiviral drugs, while important, would be limited in quantity. " The latter issue has been made worse by the repeated recognition of the pandemic potential of different avian influenza virus variants that have infected humans [63] [64] [65] . abstract: Seasonal influenza is an annual occurrence, but it is the threat of pandemics that produces universal concern. Recurring reports of avian influenza viruses severely affecting humans have served as constant reminders of the potential for another pandemic. Review of features of the 1918 influenza pandemic and subsequent ones helps in identifying areas where attention in planning is critical. Key among such issues are likely risk groups and which interventions to employ. Past pandemics have repeatedly underscored, for example, the vulnerability of groups such as pregnant women and taught other lessons valuable for future preparedness. While a fundamental difficulty in planning for the next pandemic remains their unpredictability and infrequency, this uncertainty can be mitigated, in part, by optimizing the handling of the much more predictable occurrence of seasonal influenza. Improvements in antivirals and novel vaccine formulations are critical in lessening the impact of both pandemic and seasonal influenza. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31420670/ doi: 10.1093/cid/ciz803 id: cord-293722-3b1hijhv author: Moriarty, Andrew K. title: What Might Your Practice Look Like Post-Peak COVID-19? date: 2020-06-15 words: 1522.0 sentences: 70.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293722-3b1hijhv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293722-3b1hijhv.txt summary: The ACR Commission on General, Small, Emergency and/or Rural Practice (GSER) organized a panel to discuss the response of several different types of radiology practices to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and planning for the resumption of services across multiple practice settings [ 1 ]. The presenters share their unique practice responses and future outlooks based on the most currently available knowledge at the time while planning initial stages of recovery during the rapidly evolving COVID-19 pandemic. Initial response, recruitment, and future imaging volumes Multiple panelists commented that current recruitment efforts and service expansion plans would be paused or significantly reconsidered as practices tried to model future volumes and different scenarios for staged recovery. Leaders representing a diverse group of practices in the general, small and rural community, critical access hospitals, a community division of a large academic institution, a national radiology practice, and a teleradiology practice provide different perspectives on the immediate post-recovery phase for radiology. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2020.06.009 doi: 10.1016/j.jacr.2020.06.009 id: cord-253161-oz1eziy1 author: Munyikwa, Michelle title: MY COVID‐19 DIARY date: 2020-06-04 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Written in weekly instalments, Michelle Munyikwa's Covid‐19 diary reflects upon the experience of an unfolding pandemic from her dual role as a medical trainee and anthropologist living in the United States. Her observations centre on everyday encounters with scenes or objects that reflect the growing crisis, from the absence of masks outside patient rooms to emergent forms of care through telemedicine. The diary follows the author as she experiences grief, ambivalence and disorientation in the first weeks of the pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8322.12575 doi: 10.1111/1467-8322.12575 id: cord-136421-hcj8jmbm author: Myers, Kyle R. title: Quantifying the Immediate Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Scientists date: 2020-05-22 words: 7635.0 sentences: 366.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-136421-hcj8jmbm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-136421-hcj8jmbm.txt summary: Distributed in mid-April 2020, the survey solicited information about how scientists'' work changed from the onset of the pandemic, how their research output might be affected in the near future, and a wide range of individuals'' characteristics. Motivated by prior research on scientific productivity [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] , the survey solicited information about scientists'' working hours, how this time is allocated across different tasks, and how these time allocations have changed since the onset of the pandemic. To decompose these changes, we compare scientists'' reported time allocations across four broad categories of work: research (e.g., planning experiments, collecting or analyzing data, writing), fundraising (e.g., writing grant proposals), teaching, and all other tasks (e.g., administrative, editorial, or clinical duties). To untangle these factors, we use a Lasso regression approach to select amongst (1) a vector of field indicator variables, and (2) a vector of flexible transformations of demographic controls and pre-pandemic features (e.g., research funding level, time allocations before the pandemic). abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has undoubtedly disrupted the scientific enterprise, but we lack empirical evidence on the nature and magnitude of these disruptions. Here we report the results of a survey of approximately 4,500 Principal Investigators (PIs) at U.S.- and Europe-based research institutions. Distributed in mid-April 2020, the survey solicited information about how scientists' work changed from the onset of the pandemic, how their research output might be affected in the near future, and a wide range of individuals' characteristics. Scientists report a sharp decline in time spent on research on average, but there is substantial heterogeneity with a significant share reporting no change or even increases. Some of this heterogeneity is due to field-specific differences, with laboratory-based fields being the most negatively affected, and some is due to gender, with female scientists reporting larger declines. However, among the individuals' characteristics examined, the largest disruptions are connected to a usually unobserved dimension: childcare. Reporting a young dependent is associated with declines similar in magnitude to those reported by the laboratory-based fields and can account for a significant fraction of gender differences. Amidst scarce evidence about the role of parenting in scientists' work, these results highlight the fundamental and heterogeneous ways this pandemic is affecting the scientific workforce, and may have broad relevance for shaping responses to the pandemic's effect on science and beyond. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.11358v2.pdf doi: nan id: cord-017008-c7skxte0 author: Méthot, Pierre-Olivier title: Emerging Disease and the Evolution of Virulence: The Case of the 1918–1919 Influenza Pandemic date: 2014-08-22 words: 17589.0 sentences: 788.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-017008-c7skxte0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-017008-c7skxte0.txt summary: Next, we describe the biology of infl uenza viruses with a focus on the 1918-19 pandemics and we move on to the ecological-evolutionary explanations of its exceptional virulence, paying attention to the trade-off model, before turning to molecular 4 On the history, epistemology, and social aspects of the concept of emerging disease see Grmek ( 1993 ); Farmer ( 1996 ) , King ( 2004 ) ; and Weir and Mykhalovski ( 2010 ) . 6 Whereas the ecological (or exogenous) style focuses on processes (e.g. selective pressures, population density, within and between host competition, and so on) acting on the hosts and the pathogen, the molecular (or endogenous) style traces the evolutionary pathway, or patterns, of the infl uenza virus from animal(s) to man, and, by constructing molecular phylogenies, identifi es particular genes for pathogenesis and mutation sites within lineages. abstract: “Why do parasites harm their host?” is a recurrent question in evolutionary biology and ecology, and has several implications for the biomedical sciences, particularly public health and epidemiology. Contrasting the meaning(s) of the concept of “virulence” in molecular pathology and evolutionary ecology, we review different explanations proposed as to why, and under what conditions, parasites cause harm to their host: whereas the former uses molecular techniques and concepts to explain changes and the nature of virulence seen as a categorical trait, the latter conceptualizes virulence as a phenotypic quantitative trait (usually related to a reduction in the host’s fitness). After describing the biology of emerging influenza viruses we illustrate how the ecological and the molecular approaches provide distinct (but incomplete) explanations of the 1918–19 influenza pandemic. We suggest that an evolutionary approach is necessary to understand the dynamics of disease transmission but that a broader understanding of virulence will ultimately benefit from articulating and integrating the ecological dynamics with cellular mechanisms of virulence. Both ecological and functional perspectives on host-pathogens’ interactions are required to answer the opening question but also to devise appropriate health-care measures in order to prevent (and predict?) future influenza pandemics and other emerging threats. Finally, the difficult co-existence of distinct explanatory frameworks reflects the fact that scientists can work on a same problem using various methodologies but it also highlights the enduring tension between two scientific styles of practice in biomedicine. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121464/ doi: 10.1007/978-94-017-8887-8_5 id: cord-269498-q63ce5pi author: Nicholas, David title: Pandemic planning in pediatric care: A website policy review and national survey data date: 2010-07-31 words: 4530.0 sentences: 236.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269498-q63ce5pi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269498-q63ce5pi.txt summary: Methods Online pandemic plans from national, provincial and territorial government websites were reviewed to identify: plans for children and families, and psychosocial and ethical issues. For example, there is still a need to address ethical concerns during a pandemic, for instance, governments may be required to infringe upon civil liberties to ensure infection control, and policy makers need to establish frameworks for decisionmaking to allocate scarce health care resources [6] . Survey participants included individuals with expertise in pediatric care and pandemic planning, including: (1) members of national, provincial and territorial pandemic influenza committees; (2) professionals working in infection control and pandemic planning; and (3) professionals working with children, youth and families in crisis. A review of the pandemic plans of the Public Health Agency of Canada, provincial and territorial governments has identified needs in pediatric planning. abstract: Abstract Objectives This study investigates current policies, key issues, and needs for pandemic planning in pediatrics in Canada. Methods Online pandemic plans from national, provincial and territorial government websites were reviewed to identify: plans for children and families, and psychosocial and ethical issues. A survey was administered to gather participants’ perspectives on the needs in pediatric planning, as well as important elements of their organizations’ and regions’ pandemic plans. A thematic analysis was conducted on qualitative survey responses. Results The majority of existing plans did not adequately address the unique needs of pediatric populations, and mainly focused on medical and policy concerns. Several gaps in plans were identified, including the need for psychosocial supports and ethical decision-making frameworks for children and families. Similarly, survey respondents identified parallel gaps, in their organization's or region's plans. Conclusions Although many plans provide guidelines for medical and policy issues in pediatrics, much more work remains in psychosocial and ethical planning. A focus on children and families is needed for pandemic planning in pediatrics to ensure best outcomes for children and families. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168851010000229 doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2010.01.007 id: cord-003466-599x0euj author: Nickol, Michaela E. title: A year of terror and a century of reflection: perspectives on the great influenza pandemic of 1918–1919 date: 2019-02-06 words: 5772.0 sentences: 283.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-003466-599x0euj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-003466-599x0euj.txt summary: MAIN TEXT: The 1918 H1N1 pandemic virus spread across Europe, North America, and Asia over a 12-month period resulting in an estimated 500 million infections and 50–100 million deaths worldwide, of which ~ 50% of these occurred within the fall of 1918 (Emerg Infect Dis 12:15-22, 2006, Bull Hist Med 76:105-115, 2002). Influenza viruses have posed a continual threat to global public health since at least as early as the Middle Ages, resulting in an estimated 3-5 million cases of severe illness and 291,243-645,832 deaths annually worldwide, according to a recent estimate [1] . To be considered a pandemic, an influenza virus must: i) spread globally from a distinct location with high rates of infectivity resulting in increased mortality; and ii) the hemagglutinin (HA) cannot be related to influenza strains circulating prior to the outbreak nor have resulted from mutation [14, 15] . abstract: BACKGROUND: In the spring of 1918, the “War to End All Wars”, which would ultimately claim more than 37 million lives, had entered into its final year and would change the global political and economic landscape forever. At the same time, a new global threat was emerging and would become one of the most devastating global health crises in recorded history. MAIN TEXT: The 1918 H1N1 pandemic virus spread across Europe, North America, and Asia over a 12-month period resulting in an estimated 500 million infections and 50–100 million deaths worldwide, of which ~ 50% of these occurred within the fall of 1918 (Emerg Infect Dis 12:15-22, 2006, Bull Hist Med 76:105-115, 2002). However, the molecular factors that contributed to the emergence of, and subsequent public health catastrophe associated with, the 1918 pandemic virus remained largely unknown until 2005, when the characterization of the reconstructed pandemic virus was announced heralding a new era of advanced molecular investigations (Science 310:77-80, 2005). In the century following the emergence of the 1918 pandemic virus we have landed on the Moon, developed the electronic computer (and a global internet), and have eradicated smallpox. In contrast, we have a largely remedial knowledge and understanding of one of the greatest scourges in recorded history. CONCLUSION: Here, we reflect on the 1918 influenza pandemic, including its emergence and subsequent rapid global spread. In addition, we discuss the pathophysiology associated with the 1918 virus and its predilection for the young and healthy, the rise of influenza therapeutic research following the pandemic, and, finally, our level of preparedness for future pandemics. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6364422/ doi: 10.1186/s12879-019-3750-8 id: cord-330880-6lx66w8h author: Nikolopoulos, Konstantinos title: Forecasting and planning during a pandemic: COVID-19 growth rates, supply chain disruptions, and governmental decisions date: 2020-08-08 words: 7740.0 sentences: 405.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330880-6lx66w8h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330880-6lx66w8h.txt summary: title: Forecasting and planning during a pandemic: COVID-19 growth rates, supply chain disruptions, and governmental decisions We further model and forecast the excess demand for products and services during the pandemic using auxiliary data (google trends) and simulating governmental decisions (lockdown). Due to these disruptions, shortterm real time forecasts (daily and weekly) about the pandemic and its effect on the supply chain have become a very important managerial and policy-making imperative. An accurate forecast of the evolution of new cases enables the more effective management of the resulting excess demand across the supply chain. To address this need, in this article we forecast the growth of the pandemic at the country-level and evaluate 52 time-series, epidemiological, machine-learning, and deep-learning techniques. We contribute to the latter, the field of SCM, by providing an input (the demand forecasts for the new cases and the selected products), which is essential to decision-making algorithms that involve stock-control, replenishment, advance purchasing, and even rationing 11 , i.e. situations that require a mean forecasted demand over the lead-time. abstract: Policymakers during COVID-19 operate in uncharted territory and must make tough decisions. Operational Research - the ubiquitous ‘science of better’ - plays a vital role in supporting this decision-making process. To that end, using data from the USA, India, UK, Germany, and Singapore up to mid-April 2020, we provide predictive analytics tools for forecasting and planning during a pandemic. We forecast COVID-19 growth rates with statistical, epidemiological, machine- and deep-learning models, and a new hybrid forecasting method based on nearest neighbors and clustering. We further model and forecast the excess demand for products and services during the pandemic using auxiliary data (google trends) and simulating governmental decisions (lockdown). Our empirical results can immediately help policymakers and planners make better decisions during the ongoing and future pandemics. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32836717/ doi: 10.1016/j.ejor.2020.08.001 id: cord-255360-yjn24sja author: O''Connor, Daryl B. title: Research priorities for the COVID‐19 pandemic and beyond: A call to action for psychological science date: 2020-07-19 words: 11213.0 sentences: 501.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255360-yjn24sja.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255360-yjn24sja.txt summary: The most pressing need is to research the negative biopsychosocial impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic to facilitate immediate and longer‐term recovery, not only in relation to mental health, but also in relation to behaviour change and adherence, work, education, children and families, physical health and the brain, and social cohesion and connectedness. Specifically, we have identified the shorter-and longerterm priorities around mental health, behaviour change and adherence, work, education, children and families, physical health and the brain, and social cohesion and connectedness in order to (1) frame the breadth and scope of potential contributions from across the discipline, (2) assist psychological scientists in focusing their resources on gaps in the literature, and (3) help funders and policymakers make informed decisions about the shorter-and longer-term COVID-19 research priorities to meet the needs of societies as they emerge from the acute phase of the crisis. abstract: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) that has caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic represents the greatest international biopsychosocial emergency the world has faced for a century, and psychological science has an integral role to offer in helping societies recover. The aim of this paper is to set out the shorter‐ and longer‐term priorities for research in psychological science that will (a) frame the breadth and scope of potential contributions from across the discipline; (b) enable researchers to focus their resources on gaps in knowledge; and (c) help funders and policymakers make informed decisions about future research priorities in order to best meet the needs of societies as they emerge from the acute phase of the pandemic. The research priorities were informed by an expert panel convened by the British Psychological Society that reflects the breadth of the discipline; a wider advisory panel with international input; and a survey of 539 psychological scientists conducted early in May 2020. The most pressing need is to research the negative biopsychosocial impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic to facilitate immediate and longer‐term recovery, not only in relation to mental health, but also in relation to behaviour change and adherence, work, education, children and families, physical health and the brain, and social cohesion and connectedness. We call on psychological scientists to work collaboratively with other scientists and stakeholders, establish consortia, and develop innovative research methods while maintaining high‐quality, open, and rigorous research standards. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12468 doi: 10.1111/bjop.12468 id: cord-304838-r9w8milu author: Olaseni, Abayomi O. title: Psychological distress experiences of Nigerians during Covid-19 pandemic; the gender difference date: 2020-12-31 words: 4986.0 sentences: 222.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304838-r9w8milu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304838-r9w8milu.txt summary: From March 20, 2020, to April 12, 2020, this descriptive survey used a snowballing sampling technique to select 502-Nigerians with an online semi-structured questionnaire detailing the impact of Event Scale-Revised, Generalized Anxiety Disorder – 7 item scale, Patient Health Questionnaire and Insomnia Severity Index. However, prevalence estimates analysis revealed that majority of the male respondents (65.1%) had no clinical insomnia, 20.8% of the male participants reported sub-threshold level of insomnia, 8.2% of the respondents had moderate insomnia symptoms, while 5.9% of the male respondents presented severe clinical insomnia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Though this study recorded no significant difference between the gender (male and female) experiences of insomnia, depression, posttraumatic stress symptoms and anxiety, the study result reported a relevant prevalence of outcomes of psychological distress among the general public in Nigeria. abstract: This study examine the psychological distress experience of Nigerians during the COVID-19 pandemic, across gender. From March 20, 2020, to April 12, 2020, this descriptive survey used a snowballing sampling technique to select 502-Nigerians with an online semi-structured questionnaire detailing the impact of Event Scale-Revised, Generalized Anxiety Disorder – 7 item scale, Patient Health Questionnaire and Insomnia Severity Index. Gender had an insignificant difference in the level of insomnia (χ2 ​= ​04.93; df ​= ​3; p ​> ​0.05), however, 20.8% of males had sub-threshold of insomnia, 8.2% experienced moderate insomnia and 5.9% had severe insomnia; 32% females reported sub-threshold of insomnia, 12.4% had moderate insomnia while 3.6% had severe insomnia. Also, gender had an insignificant difference in the measures of depression (χ2 ​= ​01.94; df ​= ​4; p ​> ​0.05); 55.4% males reported minimal depression, 22.3% had mild depression, 11.9% had moderate depression; 6.7%–3.7% males had moderate to severe depression while, 49.3% of the females had minimal depression, 26.7% reported mild depression, 14.29% had moderate depression, 4.4%–5.3% had moderate to severe depressive symptoms. Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms (PTSS) has no gender difference among respondents (χ2 ​= ​02.51; df ​= ​3; p ​> ​0.05); 23% of males reported partial PTSS, 17.5% presented clinical PTSS, and 21.6% males had severe PTSS; while 29.3% of females had severe PTSS, 24% reported partial PTSS and 18.7% had clinical PTSS. Respondents reported insignificant gender differences on anxiety (χ2 ​= ​0.08; df ​= ​1; p ​> ​0.05), while 51% reported moderate anxiety and 49% exhibited severe anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria. Findings revealed that Nigerians experienced psychological distress during COVID-19 pandemic. The government and stakeholders should initiate tele-mental health services to serve as alternative to traditional treatment to manage present and future pandemic psychological implications among Nigerians. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2590291120300413 doi: 10.1016/j.ssaho.2020.100052 id: cord-339968-s1kmipir author: Osier, Faith title: The global response to the COVID-19 pandemic: how have immunology societies contributed? date: 2020-09-10 words: 6123.0 sentences: 290.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339968-s1kmipir.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339968-s1kmipir.txt summary: Y.; Fraser, John; Lambrecht, Bart N.; Romano, Marta; Gazzinelli, Ricardo T.; Bortoluci, Karina R.; Zamboni, Dario S.; Akbar, Arne N.; Evans, Jennie; Brown, Doug E.; Patel, Kamala D.; Wu, Yuzhang; Perez, Ana B.; Pérez, Oliver; Kamradt, Thomas; Falk, Christine; Barda-Saad, Mira; Ariel, Amiram; Santoni, Angela; Annunziato, Francesco; Cassatella, Marco A.; Kiyono, Hiroshi; Chereshnev, Valeriy; Dieye, Alioune; Mbow, Moustapha; Mbengue, Babacar; Niang, Maguette D. Efforts included writing to President Donald Trump and Congressional leaders urging that they heed the advice of scientific/public health leaders, including AAI member Anthony Fauci 3 ; writing to National Institutes of Health (NIH) Director Francis Collins requesting justification for terminating an NIH-funded grant focusing on understanding the risk of bat coronavirus emergence 4 ; advocating supplemental funding for federal science agencies, including the NIH, for pandemic-related research losses and additional trainee support; and issuing a statement opposing actions taken by the Trump administration that will damage international scientific collaboration 5 . abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic is shining a spotlight on the field of immunology like never before. To appreciate the diverse ways in which immunologists have contributed, Nature Reviews Immunology invited the president of the International Union of Immunological Societies and the presidents of 15 other national immunology societies to discuss how they and their members responded following the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-020-00428-4 doi: 10.1038/s41577-020-00428-4 id: cord-031100-ih1ci5cl author: Overby, Madison title: Calling for a United Action to defeat COVID-19 date: 2020-08-06 words: 1456.0 sentences: 76.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-031100-ih1ci5cl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-031100-ih1ci5cl.txt summary: The widespread and lingering pandemic of COVID-19 is partly due to disjointed international countermeasures and policies enforced by different countries. To effectively deal with this and future devastating pandemics, we as human beings must work together to coordinate a concerted, cooperative international policy to reduce or possibly avoid unnecessary health crisis, life and economic losses. As a result of early widespread testing and an extremely fast social distancing response put in place by the government in Korea, the basic reproductive rate was able to be kept to less than half of the international average. Challenges to the system of reserve medical supplies for public health emergencies: reflections on the outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic in China abstract: The widespread and lingering pandemic of COVID-19 is partly due to disjointed international countermeasures and policies enforced by different countries. And we have been witnessing disparity in policies and measures in different countries or regions, some in much better control. To effectively deal with this and future devastating pandemics, we as human beings must work together to coordinate a concerted, cooperative international policy to reduce or possibly avoid unnecessary health crisis, life and economic losses. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7454840/ doi: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbaa027 id: cord-258736-im21y0lg author: Pace, Bruno Di title: Breast Reconstruction and the Covid-19 Pandemic: Adapting Practice date: 2020-09-28 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2020.08.117 doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2020.08.117 id: cord-329653-5nkrrqqw author: Patrick, Jennifer R. title: Influenza: Critique of the contemporary challenges for pandemic planning, prevention, control, and treatment in emergency health services date: 2011-04-08 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The 2009 H(1)N(1) influenza pandemic was a major challenge to health services around the world. Previous experiences with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Avian Influenza A (H5N1) prompted initiation of formal pandemic planning. Essential and desirable features of pandemic plans include preparation for surveillance, investigation of cases, treatment modalities, prevention of community spread, maintenance of essential services, research and evaluation, and implementation, testing and revision of the plan. The experience of 2009 H(1)N(1) influenza pandemic for emergency departments and their staff was problematic. The pace of the pandemic, coupled with untested pandemic plans, presented a unique range of challenges. In this paper, the contemporary challenges with respect to pandemic influenza prevention, control, and treatment are examined. The lessons learned are critical to our response to future pandemics, which are inevitable. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aenj.2011.03.001 doi: 10.1016/j.aenj.2011.03.001 id: cord-143246-f97v2cih author: Paul, Aneesh Mathews title: Multifaceted COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-08-26 words: 6063.0 sentences: 421.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-143246-f97v2cih.txt txt: ./txt/cord-143246-f97v2cih.txt summary: The time when everyone is struggling in the cruel hands of COVID19, we present the holistic view on the effects of this pandemic in certain aspects of life. Suicide rate has increased during the pandemic time [32] , [33] .The situation of COVID-19 has diverse effects in India [34] . Section II highlights the overall change in the education system during the COVID-19 season, and discusses the social and psychological impacts of the pandemic. Online learning is a new strategy embraced by the education system in this time of pandemic. We see a lot of unprecedented collaborative work globally among the educators [40] during this pandemic leading to a loss in the travel economy. The pandemic spread in various countries was sparked by religious gatherings as shown in Fig. 12 Religion and politics are a crucial part of life and COVID-19 has acquainted the human life without these jargon words. Online Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic abstract: The time when everyone is struggling in the cruel hands of COVID19, we present the holistic view on the effects of this pandemic in certain aspects of life. A lot of literature exists in COVID-19, but most of them talk about the social and psychological side of the COVID problems. COVID-19 has affected our day-to-day life and its effects are extensive. Most of the literature presents the adverse effect of the pandemic, but there are very few state-of-the-art approaches that discuss its beneficial effects. We see the multiple faces of the pandemic in this paper. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review that presents the pros and cons of the pandemic. We present a survey that surrounds over effects on education, environment, and religion. The positive side of COVID-19 raises an alarm for us to wake up and work in that direction. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.12127v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-329704-vnazexhj author: Pelargos, Panayiotis E. title: An Evaluation of Neurosurgical Practices During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-13 words: 3430.0 sentences: 204.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329704-vnazexhj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329704-vnazexhj.txt summary: Methods A survey consisting of twenty-two questions assessing respondent''s operative experience, location, type of practice, subspecialty, changes in clinic and operative volumes, changes to staff, and changes to income since the pandemic began was distributed electronically to neurosurgeons throughout the United States and Puerto Rico. More senior neurosurgeons and those with a private practice, whether solo or as part of a group, were more likely to experience a decline in income as a result of the pandemic as compared to their colleagues. Neurosurgeons in practice less than 20 163 years were significantly more likely to be willing to provide non-neurosurgical care to COVID-164 19 patients than those in practice greater than 20 years (73.1% vs. Overall, nearly three-fourths of neurosurgeons experienced greater than 50% decline in 216 outpatient clinic volume with just over 5% of respondents closing their outpatient clinics during 217 the pandemic. abstract: Objective To understand how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the neurosurgical workforce. Methods A survey consisting of twenty-two questions assessing respondent’s operative experience, location, type of practice, subspecialty, changes in clinic and operative volumes, changes to staff, and changes to income since the pandemic began was distributed electronically to neurosurgeons throughout the United States and Puerto Rico. Results There were 457 respondents throughout the United States and Puerto Rico representing all practices types and subspecialties. Nearly all respondents reported hospital restrictions on elective surgeries. Most reported a decline in clinic and operative volume. Nearly 70% of respondents saw a decrease in the work hours of their ancillary providers, and almost half (49.1%) of respondents had to downsize their practice staff, office assistants, nurses, schedulers, etc. Overall, 43.6% of survey responders had experienced a decline in income, while 27.4% expected a decline in income in the upcoming billing cycle. More senior neurosurgeons and those with a private practice, whether solo or as part of a group, were more likely to experience a decline in income as a result of the pandemic as compared to their colleagues. Conclusion The COVID pandemic will likely have a lasting effect on the practice of medicine. Our survey results describe the early impact on the neurosurgical workforce. Nearly all neurosurgeons experienced a significant decline in clinical volume which leads to many downstream effects. Ultimately, analysis of the effects of such a pervasive pandemic will allow the neurosurgical workforce to be better prepared for similar events in the future. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33065352/ doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.10.025 id: cord-029887-bnxczi9t author: Pennington, Mark title: Hayek on complexity, uncertainty and pandemic response date: 2020-07-29 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: This paper draws on Hayek’s distinction between simple and complex phenomena to understand the nature of the challenge facing policymakers in responding to the new coronavirus pandemic. It shows that while government action is justifiable there may be few systemic mechanisms that enable policymakers to distinguish better from worse policy responses, or to make such distinctions in sufficient time. It then argues that this may be a more general characteristic of large-scale public policy making procedures and illustrates the importance of returning to a market-based political economy at the earliest convenience. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7391024/ doi: 10.1007/s11138-020-00522-9 id: cord-317437-65z4792h author: Perea del Pozo, Eduardo title: A prospective cohort study of the impact of covid19 world pandemic on the management of emergency surgical pathology date: 2020-08-13 words: 747.0 sentences: 95.0 pages: flesch: 69.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317437-65z4792h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317437-65z4792h.txt summary: title: A prospective cohort study of the impact of covid19 world pandemic on the management of emergency surgical pathology department for surgical pathology (n = 434), a significant decrease in the total number of its patients was observed during pandemic period (44,6% less than in 2019). The worse results during COVID-19 pandemic were founded in acute appendicitis with an increase in complicated appendicitis (55% vs 23⋅8%, p = 0⋅02), hospital stay (4 vs 2 days, p = 0⋅01) and surgical site infections (30% vs 5⋅1%, p = 0⋅01). This could be explained by the fact that these patients have received conservative management by primary care physicians, since no data exists that would cause one to believe that the real incidence of acute appendicitis is lower 4 . During the period of the pandemic some groups have proposed conservative management for this pathology to reduce the need for emergency room visits and operating rooms 5 . Global guidance for surgical care during the COVID-19 pandemic abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32790177/ doi: 10.1002/bjs.11918 id: cord-336447-hpnkou41 author: Pitlik, Silvio Daniel title: COVID-19 Compared to Other Pandemic Diseases date: 2020-07-31 words: 6148.0 sentences: 396.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336447-hpnkou41.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336447-hpnkou41.txt summary: Despite multiple publications and increasing knowledge regarding the biological secrets of SARS-CoV-2, as of the writing of this paper, there is neither an approved vaccine nor medication to prevent infection or cure for this highly infectious disease. 7, 8 This paper reviews the microbiological, clinical, and epidemiological characteristics of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, as well as its socio-economic impact. In the early days of the pandemic great effort was invested into understanding the life cycle of SARS-CoV-2, 9 so as to provide a basis for discovery of an effective vaccine to prevent COVID-19 and/or a safe and efficacious drug to cure it, or at the least, to ameliorate its symptoms, shorten its duration, and/ or block its mechanism of transmission. 59 Unfortunately, to date, no human genetic markers predisposing to SARS-CoV-2 infection, nor the severity of COVID-19, have been found-although recent isolated exceptions to this statement can be found. abstract: In December 2019, the first cases of a new contagious disease were diagnosed in the city of Wuhan, the capital of Hubei province in China. Within a short period of time the outbreak developed exponentially into a pandemic that infected millions of people, with a global death toll of more than 500,000 during its first 6 months. Eventually, the novel disease was named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and the new virus was identified as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Similar to all known pandemics throughout history, COVID-19 has been accompanied by a large degree of fear, anxiety, uncertainty, and economic disaster worldwide. Despite multiple publications and increasing knowledge regarding the biological secrets of SARS-CoV-2, as of the writing of this paper, there is neither an approved vaccine nor medication to prevent infection or cure for this highly infectious disease. Past pandemics were caused by a wide range of microbes, primarily viruses, but also bacteria. Characteristically, a significant proportion of them originated in different animal species (zoonoses). Since an understanding of the microbial cause of these diseases was unveiled relatively late in human history, past pandemics were often attributed to strange causes including punishment from God, demonic activity, or volatile unspecified substances. Although a high case fatality ratio was common to all pandemic diseases, some striking clinical characteristics of each disease allowed contemporaneous people to clinically diagnose the infection despite null microbiological information. In comparison to past pandemics, SARS-CoV-2 has tricky and complex mechanisms that have facilitated its rapid and catastrophic spread worldwide. url: https://doi.org/10.5041/rmmj.10418 doi: 10.5041/rmmj.10418 id: cord-346501-6e91kt6c author: Pitt, Michael B title: Novel Educational Responses to COVID-19: What is Here to Stay? date: 2020-06-06 words: 970.0 sentences: 68.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346501-6e91kt6c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346501-6e91kt6c.txt summary: In this issue of Academic Pediatrics, we feature ten innovations that highlight novel educational responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. Submissions were reviewed for innovation, outcome, and sustainability after the COVID-19 pandemic by three educational researchers blinded to author name and institution. Papers describing virtual learning included modifications to existing conferences (e.g., morning report, grand rounds, boot camp) (n=55; 47%), conversion of electives (n=22; 19%) or clerkships (n=16; 14%), virtual simulation (n=18; 15%), and approaches to equip learners to advocate for patients and populations during the COVID-19 pandemic (n=7; 4%). 11 COVID-19 presented unprecedented challenges, requiring educational innovations to ensure trainees continue to learn to provide high-quality, evidence-based care, advocate for patients and populations, and maintain wellness. We believe the papers featured in this issue highlight innovative educational responses to the COVID-19 pandemic and serve as a foundation for shaping future medical education. Medical Student Development of K-12 Educational Resources During the COVID-19 Pandemic abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1876285920302412 doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2020.06.002 id: cord-029434-9spglmzf author: Polšek, Dora title: Huremović D, editor. Psychiatry of Pandemics: a Mental Health Response to Infection Outbreak: Springer International Publishing 2019; 185 pages; ISBN978-3-030-15346-5 (e-book), ISBN978-3-030-15345-8 (softcover) date: 2020-06-17 words: 581.0 sentences: 30.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-029434-9spglmzf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-029434-9spglmzf.txt summary: Psychiatry of Pandemics: a Mental Health Response to Infection Outbreak: Springer International Publishing 2019; 185 pages; ISBN978-3-030-15346-5 (e-book), ISBN978-3-030-15345-8 (softcover) This book, dealing with a specific and so far underdeveloped field of psychiatry, is intended for a general audience interested in the overall mental health implications of a pandemic. The series of chapters was envisaged as an all-encompassing review of the available research in the narrow niche of psychiatric consequences of a pandemic. The book starts off by giving a brief historical background of the most widely known pandemics, so as to underline the limited information that has been available to science today. Several key reasons for knowing so little about mental health consequences of witnessing and surviving a pandemic are listed. However, this book provides a good review of different approaches necessary to deal with psychologic issues arising amid and in the aftermath of a pandemic and could be a compelling read for the interested audience. Pandemics: Health Care Emergencies abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7358695/ doi: 10.3325/cmj.2020.61.306 id: cord-327180-yw8rzrb7 author: Prateepko, Tapanan title: Patterns of perception toward influenza pandemic among the front-line responsible health personnel in southern Thailand: a Q methodology approach date: 2009-05-28 words: 3757.0 sentences: 207.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327180-yw8rzrb7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327180-yw8rzrb7.txt summary: title: Patterns of perception toward influenza pandemic among the front-line responsible health personnel in southern Thailand: a Q methodology approach Subjects were asked to rank 33 statements about various issues of influenza pandemic according to a pre-designed score sheet having a quasi-normal distribution on a continuous 9-point bipolar scale ranging from -4 for strongly disagree to +4 for strongly agree. The most conflicting area was vulnerability on the possible impacts of an influenza pandemic, having factor scores of high (3), low (-4), and neutral (0) for patterns I, II, and III, respectively. We identified three main patterns of health personnel in southern Thailand based on the perception toward a threat of an influenza pandemic. Perception of low level of severity and vulnerability or low levels of appraised threat of an influenza pandemic may inhibit motivation of health personnel to engage in protective behavior [27, 28] . abstract: BACKGROUND: Thailand has joined the World Health Organization effort to prepare against a threat of an influenza pandemic. Regular monitoring on preparedness of health facilities and assessment on perception of the front-line responsible health personnel has never been done. This study aimed to document the patterns of perception of health personnel toward the threat of an influenza pandemic. METHODS: Q methodology was applied to a set of 385 health personnel in charge of influenza pandemic preparedness in the three southernmost provinces of Thailand. Subjects were asked to rank 33 statements about various issues of influenza pandemic according to a pre-designed score sheet having a quasi-normal distribution on a continuous 9-point bipolar scale ranging from -4 for strongly disagree to +4 for strongly agree. The Q factor analysis method was employed to identify patterns based on the similarity and dissimilarity among health personnel. RESULTS: There were three main patterns of perception toward influenza pandemic with moderate correlation coefficients between patterns ranging from 0.37 to 0.55. Pattern I, health personnel, which we labeled pessimistic, perceived themselves as having a low self-efficacy. Pattern II, which we labeled optimistic, perceived the threat to be low severity and low vulnerability. Pattern III, which we labeled mixed, perceived low self-efficacy but low vulnerability. Across the three patterns, almost all the subjects had a high expectancy that execution of recommended measures can mitigate impacts of the threat of an influenza pandemic, particularly on multi-measures with high factor scores of 4 in all patterns. The most conflicting area was vulnerability on the possible impacts of an influenza pandemic, having factor scores of high (3), low (-4), and neutral (0) for patterns I, II, and III, respectively. CONCLUSION: Strong consistent perceptions of response efficacy against an influenza pandemic may suggest a low priority to convince health personnel on the efficacy of the recommended measures. Lack of self-efficacy in certain sub-groups indicates the need for program managers to improve self-confidence of health personnel to participate in an emergency response. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19473550/ doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-9-161 id: cord-307690-1qqyixun author: Preti, Emanuele title: Personality Disorders in Time of Pandemic date: 2020-11-10 words: 5275.0 sentences: 258.0 pages: flesch: 33.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307690-1qqyixun.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307690-1qqyixun.txt summary: Considering the paucity of studies on this topic, after a description of the main features of PDs, on the basis of the current literature on pandemic and quarantine mental health impact, we aim at tracing some clinical hypotheses on the negative psychological effects of pandemic situations in people with PDs. Furthermore, we aim at investigating the role of personality pathology in compliance with mitigation-related behaviors. Considering the paucity of studies on this topic, we adopted the following steps in the description of results: (1) we provided a description of the main features of PDs for each cluster; (2) we mentioned the main literature investigating the association between PDs of each cluster and other psychiatric disorders; (3) on the basis of the literature on pandemic (e.g., [4••] ) and quarantine (e.g., [1••] ) mental health impact, we hypothesized a plausible relation between PDs of each cluster and specific psychological/psychiatric outcomes, as well as problems in compliance with mitigation measures. abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: We report evidence on the negative psychological effects of pandemics in people with personality disorders (PDs) and on the role of personality pathology in compliance with mitigation-related behaviors. Considering the paucity of studies, after a description of the main features of PDs, on the basis of the current literature on pandemic and quarantine mental health impact, we trace some clinical hypotheses. RECENT FINDINGS: Paranoid traits and detachment (cluster A) might lead to worse psychological outcomes. Cluster B patients may show more intense stress-related reactions and react strongly to social distancing, especially considering borderline personality disorder. Cluster C patients might be particularly prone to anxiety and stress due to fear of contagion and may be less flexible in adaptation to new routines. Evidence on compliance with mitigation measures is mixed, with lower compliance in cluster B patients and higher in cluster C ones. SUMMARY: We suggest that PD patients might be particularly affected by pandemics. Furthermore, they might react differently, according to their main diagnosis. Similarly, compliance with mitigation measures may differ according to specific PDs. Our results should be considered as a starting point to reflect on therapeutic strategies to be adopted in the post-COVID-19 situation. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-020-01204-w doi: 10.1007/s11920-020-01204-w id: cord-347952-k95wrory author: Prieto, Diana M title: A systematic review to identify areas of enhancements of pandemic simulation models for operational use at provincial and local levels date: 2012-03-30 words: 9202.0 sentences: 433.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347952-k95wrory.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347952-k95wrory.txt summary: Conclusions: To adequately address the concerns of the policymakers, we need continuing model enhancements in critical areas including: updating of epidemiological data during a pandemic, smooth handling of large demographical databases, incorporation of a broader spectrum of social-behavioral aspects, updating information for contact patterns, adaptation of recent methodologies for collecting human mobility data, and improvement of computational efficiency and accessibility. Conclusions: To adequately address the concerns of the policymakers, we need continuing model enhancements in critical areas including: updating of epidemiological data during a pandemic, smooth handling of large demographical databases, incorporation of a broader spectrum of social-behavioral aspects, updating information for contact patterns, adaptation of recent methodologies for collecting human mobility data, and improvement of computational efficiency and accessibility. Of the existing computer simulation models addressing PHP, those focused on disease spread and mitigation of pandemic influenza (PI) have been recognized by the public health officials as useful decision support tools for preparedness planning [1] . abstract: BACKGROUND: In recent years, computer simulation models have supported development of pandemic influenza preparedness policies. However, U.S. policymakers have raised several concerns about the practical use of these models. In this review paper, we examine the extent to which the current literature already addresses these concerns and identify means of enhancing the current models for higher operational use. METHODS: We surveyed PubMed and other sources for published research literature on simulation models for influenza pandemic preparedness. We identified 23 models published between 1990 and 2010 that consider single-region (e.g., country, province, city) outbreaks and multi-pronged mitigation strategies. We developed a plan for examination of the literature based on the concerns raised by the policymakers. RESULTS: While examining the concerns about the adequacy and validity of data, we found that though the epidemiological data supporting the models appears to be adequate, it should be validated through as many updates as possible during an outbreak. Demographical data must improve its interfaces for access, retrieval, and translation into model parameters. Regarding the concern about credibility and validity of modeling assumptions, we found that the models often simplify reality to reduce computational burden. Such simplifications may be permissible if they do not interfere with the performance assessment of the mitigation strategies. We also agreed with the concern that social behavior is inadequately represented in pandemic influenza models. Our review showed that the models consider only a few social-behavioral aspects including contact rates, withdrawal from work or school due to symptoms appearance or to care for sick relatives, and compliance to social distancing, vaccination, and antiviral prophylaxis. The concern about the degree of accessibility of the models is palpable, since we found three models that are currently accessible by the public while other models are seeking public accessibility. Policymakers would prefer models scalable to any population size that can be downloadable and operable in personal computers. But scaling models to larger populations would often require computational needs that cannot be handled with personal computers and laptops. As a limitation, we state that some existing models could not be included in our review due to their limited available documentation discussing the choice of relevant parameter values. CONCLUSIONS: To adequately address the concerns of the policymakers, we need continuing model enhancements in critical areas including: updating of epidemiological data during a pandemic, smooth handling of large demographical databases, incorporation of a broader spectrum of social-behavioral aspects, updating information for contact patterns, adaptation of recent methodologies for collecting human mobility data, and improvement of computational efficiency and accessibility. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-251 doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-251 id: cord-312094-czuw4t7i author: Radic, Aleksandar title: Fear and Trembling of Cruise Ship Employees: Psychological Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-16 words: 8881.0 sentences: 418.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312094-czuw4t7i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312094-czuw4t7i.txt summary: The findings revealed that COVID-19 pandemic has managed to erase the feeling of joy from cruise ship employees who were stuck at sea while exposing weakness of cruise line companies such as poor human resource management leadership. The CDC''s No Sail Order in combination with poor liquidity of cruise line companies due to the COVID-19 cruise tourism crisis has created an unprecedented event leaving 100,000 cruise ship employees stuck at sea for months without any certainty when they will be repatriated to their homes [45] . In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, cruise ship employees that are stuck at sea are experiencing particularly high levels of stress that may develop mental health disorders such as anxiety and depression. Moreover, cruise line companies do not have a strategy for managing various negative psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on cruise ship employees who are stuck at sea. abstract: The current COVID-19 pandemic has evolved to unprecedented proportions. This research aimed to gain a deeper understanding of the psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on cruise ship employees stuck at sea. Using an inductive qualitative approach, a synchronous online focus group was conducted with nine cruise ship employees who were stuck at sea during COVID-19 pandemic. The findings revealed that COVID-19 pandemic has managed to erase the feeling of joy from cruise ship employees who were stuck at sea while exposing weakness of cruise line companies such as poor human resource management leadership. Moreover, COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated that it is of paramount importance that cruise line companies create a comprehensive strategy in assisting their employees who are experiencing an anxiety disorder and depression. The managerial implications are outlined. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186741 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186741 id: cord-000161-hxjxczyr author: Rello, Jordi title: Clinical review: Primary influenza viral pneumonia date: 2009-12-21 words: 3652.0 sentences: 195.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-000161-hxjxczyr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-000161-hxjxczyr.txt summary: Primary influenza pneumonia has a high mortality rate during pandemics, not only in immunocompromised individuals and patients with underlying comorbid conditions, but also in young healthy adults. Pneumonia and the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) account for the majority of severe morbidity and mortality that accompany pandemic influenza infection [14] . A recent analysis of lung specimens from 77 fatal cases of pandemic H1N1v 2009 infection found a prevalence of concurrent bacterial pneumonia in 29% of these patients [31] . A recent World Health Organization treatment guideline for pharmacological management of 2009 pandemic H1N1v influenza A recommends the consideration of higher doses of oseltamivir (150 mg twice a day) and longer duration of treatment for patients with severe influenza pneumonia or clinical deterioration [44] . The rapid progression from initial typical influenza symptoms to extensive pulmonary involvement, with acute lung injury, can occur both in patients with underlying respiratory or cardiac morbidities and in young healthy adults, especially if obese or pregnant. abstract: Primary influenza pneumonia has a high mortality rate during pandemics, not only in immunocompromised individuals and patients with underlying comorbid conditions, but also in young healthy adults. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for this diagnosis in patients presenting with influenza-like symptoms that progress quickly (2 to 5 days) to respiratory distress and extensive pulmonary involvement. The sensitivity of rapid diagnostic techniques in identifying infections with the pandemic 2009 H1N1v influenza strain is currently suboptimal. The most reliable real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction molecular testing is available in limited clinical settings. Despite 6 months of pandemic circulation, most novel H1N1v pandemic strains remain susceptible to oseltamivir. Ensuring an appropriate oxygenation and ventilation strategy, as well as prompt initiation of antiviral therapy, is essential in management. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2811908/ doi: 10.1186/cc8183 id: cord-331797-05kcygis author: Restauri, Nicole title: Burnout and PTSD in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Intersection, Impact and Interventions date: 2020-05-27 words: 2832.0 sentences: 123.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331797-05kcygis.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331797-05kcygis.txt summary: Summary sentence Individual physicians and hospital administration should take proactive steps to minimize the compounding effects of high baseline burnout and the acute stressors of the COVID-19 pandemic in order to promote wellness among health-care providers. As much as social distancing is being leveraged as a critical method of COVID-19 disease containment, both individual and system based practices will be required to reduce workplace stress and burnout and minimize the acute stress response and risk of subsequent PTSD. Support an infrastructure that allows radiologists and staff to work from home Decrease exposure and mitigate concerns about contracting the virus and promotes schedule flexibility Increase education treatment about burnout, ASD, and PTSD, via expert panel discussions and access to mental health Increase awareness and early intervention, reduce stigma Employ non-traditional methods of physician engagement (eg narrative medicine) abstract: Summary sentence Individual physicians and hospital administration should take proactive steps to minimize the compounding effects of high baseline burnout and the acute stressors of the COVID-19 pandemic in order to promote wellness among health-care providers. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1546144020305469?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jacr.2020.05.021 id: cord-266440-69l9c3my author: Rochwerg, Bram title: Misinformation During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak: How Knowledge Emerges From Noise date: 2020-04-29 words: 3419.0 sentences: 158.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266440-69l9c3my.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266440-69l9c3my.txt summary: This review summaries the many potential sources of information that clinicians turn to during pandemic illness, the challenges associated with performing methodologically sound research in this setting and potential approaching to conducting well done research during a health crisis. CONCLUSIONS: Pandemics and healthcare crises provide extraordinary opportunities for the rapid generation of reliable scientific information but also for misinformation, especially in the early phases, which may contribute to public hysteria. Major contributors to research delays include competing interests of investigators, regulatory barriers, time taken for protocol development, ethics approval, peer review and delays related to the publication process. Given the rapidity of new research data associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, the next question for bedside practitioners becomes which data are of sufficient quality and trustworthiness that it should inform clinical practice ( Table 1) . Pandemics and healthcare crises provide extraordinary opportunities for the rapid generation of reliable scientific information but also for misinformation, especially in the early phases, which may contribute to public hysteria. abstract: Although the amount of information generated during this most recent coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic is enormous, much is of uncertain trustworthiness. This review summaries the many potential sources of information that clinicians turn to during pandemic illness, the challenges associated with performing methodologically sound research in this setting and potential approaching to conducting well done research during a health crisis. DATA SOURCES: Not applicable. STUDY SELECTION: Not applicable. DATA EXTRACTION: Not applicable. DATA SYNTHESIS: Not applicable. CONCLUSIONS: Pandemics and healthcare crises provide extraordinary opportunities for the rapid generation of reliable scientific information but also for misinformation, especially in the early phases, which may contribute to public hysteria. The best way to combat misinformation is with trustworthy data produced by healthcare researchers. Although challenging, research can occur during pandemics and crises and is facilitated by advance planning, governmental support, targeted funding opportunities, and collaboration with industry partners. The coronavirus disease 2019 research response has highlighted both the dangers of misinformation as well as the benefits and possibilities of performing rigorous research during challenging times. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32426740/ doi: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000098 id: cord-293822-axr9qu58 author: Rolland, John S. title: COVID‐19 Pandemic: Applying a Multi‐Systemic Lens date: 2020-07-17 words: 6469.0 sentences: 360.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293822-axr9qu58.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293822-axr9qu58.txt summary: Highlighting the pattern of psychosocial issues of COVID‐19 over time, discussion emphasizes the evolving interplay of larger systems public health pandemic challenges and mitigation strategies with individual and family processes. The paper addresses issues of coping with myriad Covid‐19 uncertainties in the initial crisis wave and evolving phases of the pandemic in the context of individual and family development, pre‐existing illness or disability, and racial and socioeconomic disparities. In addition to communication processes and organizational/structural patterns, particular emphasis includes: family and individual life course development in relation to the time phases of a disorder; multigenerational legacies related to illness and loss; and belief systems (including influences of culture, ethnicity, race, spirituality, and gender) (Figure 1 ). As the pandemic continues to evolve, these discussions will need to be revisited -relating to new COVID-19 data and to changing family circumstances, such as life cycle transitions or altered economic and health status. abstract: The COVID‐19 pandemic has a pervasive effect on all aspects of family life. We can distinguish the collective societal and community effects of the global pandemic and the risk and disease impact for individuals and families. This paper draws on Rolland’s Family Systems Illness (FSI) model to describe some of the unique challenges through a multi‐systemic lens. Highlighting the pattern of psychosocial issues of COVID‐19 over time, discussion emphasizes the evolving interplay of larger systems public health pandemic challenges and mitigation strategies with individual and family processes. The paper addresses issues of coping with myriad Covid‐19 uncertainties in the initial crisis wave and evolving phases of the pandemic in the context of individual and family development, pre‐existing illness or disability, and racial and socioeconomic disparities. The discussion offers recommendations for timely family oriented consultation and psychoeducation, and for healthcare clinician self‐care. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32677711/ doi: 10.1111/famp.12584 id: cord-253102-z15j8izi author: Ross, Allen G.P. title: Planning for the Next Global Pandemic date: 2015-08-04 words: 2907.0 sentences: 171.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253102-z15j8izi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253102-z15j8izi.txt summary: The West African Ebola virus pandemic has shown us yet again that the world is ill prepared to respond to a global health emergency. The national health systems in West Africa, and for most low and middle income countries (LMICs), would not meet IHR standards (despite claims by some member WHA nations) and it is unlikely that following the Ebola pandemic much will change. This editorial discusses many issues including priority emerging and reemerging infectious diseases; the challenges of meeting international health regulations; the strengthening of global health systems; global pandemic funding; and the One Health approach to future pandemic planning. The PEF would 22 If the WHO contingency fund (100 million US dollars) and the World Bank pandemic emergency facility cannot be utilised to strengthen national health systems in LMICs in order to meet IHRs core capabilities, then how can this be achieved? abstract: In order to mitigate human and financial losses as a result of future global pandemics, we must plan now. As the Ebola virus pandemic declines, we must reflect on how we have mismanaged this recent international crisis and how we can better prepare for the next global pandemic. Of great concern is the increasing frequency of pandemics occurring over the last few decades. Clearly, the window of opportunity to act is closing. This editorial discusses many issues including priority emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases; the challenges of meeting international health regulations; the strengthening of global health systems; global pandemic funding; and the One Health approach to future pandemic planning. We recommend that the global health community unites to urgently address these issues in order to avoid the next humanitarian crisis. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1201971215001836 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2015.07.016 id: cord-030622-5wlpvmv4 author: Rubinić, Ivan title: Pandemic paradigm shift date: 2020-08-03 words: 7835.0 sentences: 309.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-030622-5wlpvmv4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-030622-5wlpvmv4.txt summary: To that end, through the use of a narrative method, this study aims to furnish content to the premise that from both the heterodox and radical economic viewpoints: (a) the coronavirus pandemic must be considered a market failure, (b) the ongoing pandemic has the potential to beget a three-layer economic crisis, starting at a point of production, (c) the solution for the existing state calls for sizable supranational and/or national economic interventionism, and (d) the pandemic necessitates a shift from the profit-centered neoliberal paradigm toward the society focused on efficient, sustainable, and equitable development. The remainder of this exposition is structured as follows: the Section 2 positions the current health crisis within the well-defined economic analytical framework of market failure; the Section 3 explains the nature and the dynamics of the threefold economic crises, resulting from the expected spillover effects induced by the coronavirus; the Section 4 offers a number of remedies; the Section 5 endeavors to locate the sources for financing the expenses of an effective pandemic response plan; the Section 6 provides arguments in support of the claim that the current state of affairs necessities a fundamental paradigm shift; the Section 7 concludes. abstract: The surprising outbreak of an anticipated virus has exposed that the profit‐centered mode of production renders a dysfunctional society, with a high incidence of pandemic‐prone diseases. Consequently, the global health crisis and subsequent economic collapse threatening the existence of billions reveal the ultimate market failure from both heterodox and radical theoretical viewpoints. The demise of markets and capitalist systems calls for a straightforward economic intervention and radical transformation of the way societal production is conceptualized. This paradigm shift must deprioritize economic growth driven by the omnipresent commodification of all social relations and must furnish a viable alternative provided by the political economy. The starting point for such fundamental change in the dominant discourse must be rooted in balancing between the needs and wants, and in creating an environment in which properly understood self‐interest would bring about a sustainable and equitable increase in societal well‐being. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7436549/ doi: 10.1111/wusa.12486 id: cord-252833-0lb60y12 author: Rusch, Valerie W. title: The American College of Surgeons Responds to COVID-19 date: 2020-07-14 words: 2420.0 sentences: 123.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252833-0lb60y12.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252833-0lb60y12.txt summary: infections escalated exponentially across many areas of the US, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), the Surgeon General and the American College of Surgeons (ACS) recommended that hospitals and surgeons postpone non-urgent operations in order to provide care to COVID-19 patients. One of the first and most important ACS initiatives was the creation of guidelines for the selection of patients needing urgent operations (including some cancer procedures) during the immediate, temporary suspension of non-urgent surgery. Modeled on experience in South Texas and Washington state, the COT developed a guidance document for setting up a regional medical operations center and worked closely with the FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency) Healthcare Resilience Task Force to promote this approach and identify potential sources for funding. 23 Conclusions Through an intensive and cohesive group effort by ACS staff, leadership and Fellows, the College has successfully managed the unprecedented challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic and supported its members in continuing to provide high quality patient care. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32673759/ doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2020.06.020 id: cord-257684-4b66lenw author: Salenger, Rawn title: The Surge after the Surge: Cardiac Surgery post-COVID-19 date: 2020-05-04 words: 2921.0 sentences: 160.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257684-4b66lenw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257684-4b66lenw.txt summary: ABSTRACT Background The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically reduced adult cardiac surgery case volumes as institutions and surgeons curtail non-urgent operations. We investigated the impact of various levels of increased post-pandemic hospital operating capacity on the time to clear the backlog of deferred cases. Conclusions Cardiac surgical operating capacity during the COVID-19 recovery period will have a dramatic impact on the time to clear the deferred cases backlog. We investigated the impact of various levels of increased postpandemic hospital operating capacity on the time to clear the backlog of deferred cases. Cardiac surgical operating capacity during the COVID-19 recovery period will have a dramatic impact on the time to clear the deferred cases backlog. Next, we used our mathematical model to predict the number of cardiac surgery cases deferred during the pandemic, and the length of time required to operate on the backlog, dependent on the amount of increased operating capacity institutions could achieve. abstract: ABSTRACT Background The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically reduced adult cardiac surgery case volumes as institutions and surgeons curtail non-urgent operations. There will be a progressive increase in deferred cases during the pandemic that will require completion within a limited time frame once restrictions ease. We investigated the impact of various levels of increased post-pandemic hospital operating capacity on the time to clear the backlog of deferred cases. Methods We collected data from four cardiac surgery programs across two health systems. We recorded case rates at baseline and during the COVID-19 pandemic. We created a mathematical model to quantify the cumulative surgical backlog based on the projected pandemic duration. We then used our model to predict the time required to clear the backlog depending on the level of increased operating capacity. Results Cardiac surgery volumes fell to 54% of baseline after restrictions were implemented. Assuming a service restoration date of either June 1 or July 1, we calculated the need to perform 216% or 263% of monthly baseline volume, respectively, to clear the backlog in one month. The actual duration required to clear the backlog is highly dependent on hospital capacity in the post-COVID time period, and ranges from one to eight months depending on when services are restored and degree of increased capacity. Conclusions Cardiac surgical operating capacity during the COVID-19 recovery period will have a dramatic impact on the time to clear the deferred cases backlog. Inadequate operating capacity may cause substantial delays and increase morbidity and mortality. If only pre-pandemic capacity is available, the backlog will never clear. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003497520306937?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.04.018 id: cord-336283-3q0ujnjq author: Sanderson, William C. title: The Nature and Treatment of Pandemic-Related Psychological Distress date: 2020-06-27 words: 9294.0 sentences: 397.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336283-3q0ujnjq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336283-3q0ujnjq.txt summary: Scientific data are not available to fully understand the nature of the resulting mental health impact given the very recent onset of the pandemic, nevertheless, there is a need to act immediately to develop psychotherapeutic strategies that may alleviate pandemic-related distress. The psychological distress, in particular fear and sadness, is a function of the pandemic''s negative impact upon people''s ability to meet their most basic needs (e.g., physical safety, financial security, social connection, participation in meaningful activities). Once we created this list we developed strategies that would allow people to manage these negative emotional states using a self-help format (this guide can be accessed at www.psych rescu e-covid 19.com or at the permanent DOI address provided in the reference section). While there has been progress, as outlined above, in understanding the nature and interventions for COVID related psychological distress, an additional problem has emerged as a result: the already overburdened mental health system must now provide treatment for a substantial wave of persons in need. abstract: The COVID-19 crisis has created a “mental health pandemic” throughout the world. Scientific data are not available to fully understand the nature of the resulting mental health impact given the very recent onset of the pandemic, nevertheless, there is a need to act immediately to develop psychotherapeutic strategies that may alleviate pandemic-related distress. The psychological distress, in particular fear and sadness, is a function of the pandemic’s negative impact upon people’s ability to meet their most basic needs (e.g., physical safety, financial security, social connection, participation in meaningful activities). This paper presents evidence-based cognitive behavioral strategies that should prove useful in reducing the emotional suffering associated with the COVID crisis. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10879-020-09463-7 doi: 10.1007/s10879-020-09463-7 id: cord-007681-vhghhvnu author: Schwartz, Benjamin title: Prioritization of Pandemic Influenza Vaccine: Rationale and Strategy for Decision Making date: 2009-06-15 words: 5047.0 sentences: 182.0 pages: flesch: 32.0 cache: ./cache/cord-007681-vhghhvnu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-007681-vhghhvnu.txt summary: Factors contributing to the decision to reassess the recommendations included a shift in national pandemic planning assumptions to a more severe pandemic scenario extrapolated from the 1918 pandemic (Table 1 ); recognition that the HHS guidance did not include groups that could be considered for prioritization such as border protection personnel or the military; a broader understanding of the risk to essential services stimulated by the NIAC report; and a series of public engagement meetings convened by the CDC, where participants identified protecting essential community services as the most important goal for pandemic vaccination rather than protecting those who are at highest risk (Public Engagement Pilot Project on Pandemic Influenza 2005). Reflecting the similar value placed by the public on protecting persons who provide pandemic healthcare, who maintain essential community services or are at high occupational risk, and protecting children, each of the highest vaccination tiers for a severe pandemic includes groups from each category (Table 4) . abstract: Few catastrophes can compare with the global impact of a severe influenza pandemic. The 1918–1919 pandemic was associated with more than 500,000 deaths in the USA and an estimated 20–40 million deaths worldwide, though some place the global total much higher. In an era when infectious disease mortality had been steadily decreasing, the 1918–1919 pandemic caused a large spike in overall population mortality, temporarily reversing decades of progress. The US Department of Health and Human Services, extrapolating from the 1918–1919 pandemic to the current US population size and demographics, has estimated that a comparable pandemic today would result in almost two million deaths. Vaccination is an important component of a pandemic response. Public health measures such as reduction of close contacts with others, improved hygiene, and respiratory protection with facemasks or respirators can reduce the risk of exposure and illness (Germann et al. 2006; Ferguson et al. 2006), but would not reduce susceptibility among the population. Prophylaxis with antiviral medications also may prevent illness but depends on the availability of large antiviral drug stockpiles and also does not provide long-term immunity. By contrast, immunization with a well-matched pandemic vaccine would provide active immunity and represent the most durable pandemic response. However, given current timelines for the development of a pandemic influenza vaccine and its production capacity, vaccine is likely not to be available in sufficient quantities to protect the entire population before pandemic outbreaks occur, and thus potentially limited stocks may need to be prioritized. This chapter reviews information on influenza vaccine production capacity, describes approaches used in the USA to set priorities for vaccination in the setting of limited supply, and presents a proposed strategy for prioritization. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7120171/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-92165-3_24 id: cord-304802-44m7u1oz author: Settersten, Richard A. title: Understanding the Effects of COVID-19 Through a Life Course Lens date: 2020-07-22 words: 11405.0 sentences: 454.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304802-44m7u1oz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304802-44m7u1oz.txt summary: We explore the pandemic''s implications for the organization and experience of life transitions and trajectories within and across central domains: health, personal control and planning, social relationships and family, education, work and careers, and migration and mobility. Because Covid-19 is a viral pandemic, we begin with its implications for health and then turn to matters of personal control and planning, social relationships and family, education, work and careers, and migration and mobility. In many countries, there have been increases in volunteering or helping others, especially The greater uncertainty created by the pandemic over the short and long term is likely to have somewhat different effects by age, social class, gender, and race/ethnicity and be modified by a country''s welfare system and the emergency interventions of its institutions. abstract: Abstract The Covid-19 pandemic is shaking fundamental assumptions about the human life course in societies around the world. In this essay, we draw on our collective expertise to illustrate how a life course perspective can make critical contributions to understanding the pandemic’s effects on individuals, families, and populations. We explore the pandemic’s implications for the organization and experience of life transitions and trajectories within and across central domains: health, personal control and planning, social relationships and family, education, work and careers, and migration and mobility. We consider both the life course implications of being infected by the Covid-19 virus or attached to someone who has; and being affected by the pandemic’s social, economic, cultural, and psychological consequences. It is our goal to offer some programmatic observations on which life course research and policies can build as the pandemic’s short- and long-term consequences unfold. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1040260820300393 doi: 10.1016/j.alcr.2020.100360 id: cord-316440-xt9tl7td author: Severo, Eliana Andrea title: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on environmental awareness, sustainable consumption and social responsibility: evidence from generations in Brazil and Portugal date: 2020-11-05 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The COVID-19 Pandemic has become a major public health concern worldwide, which can impact environmental sustainability and social responsibility, as well as people's quality of life. In this context, environmental awareness, sustainable consumption and social actions of people have been effectively changed, as a period of quarantine, social isolation and health crisis caused by Pandemic has been experienced. This study aims to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on environmental awareness, sustainable consumption and social responsibility, in the perception of Baby Boomers, X and Y generations, residents in Brazil and Portugal. The method used was quantitative research, of a descriptive character, through a survey applied to 3236 people, which was analyzed with the use of Structural Equation Modeling. The results indicate that COVID-19 Pandemic is an important vector in people's behavioral change, which reflects on environmental sustainability and social responsibility. It It is noteworthy that the impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic had a greater influence on sustainable consumption, followed by environmental awareness, and to a lesser extent, on social responsibility. There was also greater relevance in Portugal, as well as the perception of the Baby Boomers generation. This study also provides a framework such as metrics to measure a transformational event, which is the COVID-19 Pandemic in socio-environmental aspects and conscious consumption. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095965262034991X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124947 id: cord-306227-63qvvkvk author: Shammi, Mashura title: Strategic assessment of COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh: comparative lockdown scenario analysis, public perception, and management for sustainability date: 2020-07-18 words: 9355.0 sentences: 460.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306227-63qvvkvk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306227-63qvvkvk.txt summary: This article, therefore, focuses on the public perception of comparative lockdown scenario analysis and how they may affect the sustainable development goals (SDGs) and the strategic management regime of COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh socio-economically as well as the implications of the withdrawal of partial lockdown plan. First of all, the government should come up with a comprehensive strategic plan accompanied by non-governmental and social organizations and law enforcement to analyse the spread of the virus, identifying the most vulnerable hosts, properly tracked the movement of general people, precise estimation of economic losses from different financial and industrial sectors, educational diminutions and professional and informal employment disruption to picture an integrated scenario of the current situation and future predictions by which the revival of the negative aspects of the country could be managed. abstract: ABSTRACT: Community transmission of COVID-19 is happening in Bangladesh—the country which did not have a noteworthy health policy and legislative structures to combat a pandemic like COVID-19. Early strategic planning and groundwork for evolving and established challenges are crucial to assemble resources and react in an appropriate timely manner. This article, therefore, focuses on the public perception of comparative lockdown scenario analysis and how they may affect the sustainable development goals (SDGs) and the strategic management regime of COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh socio-economically as well as the implications of the withdrawal of partial lockdown plan. Scenario-based public perceptions were collected via a purposive sampling survey method through a questionnaire. Datasets were analysed through a set of statistical techniques including classical test theory, principal component analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, Pearson’s correlation matrix and linear regression analysis. There were good associations among the lockdown scenarios and response strategies to be formulated. Scenario 1 describes how the death and infection rate will increase if the Bangladesh Government withdraws the existing partial lockdown. Scenario 2 outlines that limited people’s movement will enable low-level community transmission of COVID-19 with the infection and death rate will increase slowly (r = 0.540, p < 0.01). Moreover, there will be less supply of necessities of daily use with a price hike (r = 0.680, p < 0.01). In scenario 3, full lockdown will reduce community transmission and death from COVID-19 (r = 0.545, p < 0.01). However, along with the other problems gender discrimination and gender-based violence will increase rapidly (r = 0.661, p < 0.01). Due to full lockdown, the formal and informal business, economy, and education sector will be hampered severely (R = 0.695). Subsequently, there was a strong association between the loss of livelihood and the unemployment rate which will increase due to business shutdown (p < 0.01). This will lead to the severe sufferings of poor and vulnerable communities in both urban and rural areas (p < 0.01). All these will further aggravate the humanitarian needs of the most vulnerable groups in the country in the coming months to be followed which will undoubtedly affect the Bangladesh targets to achieve the SDGs of 2030 and other development plans that need to be adjusted. From our analysis, it was apparent that maintaining partial lockdown with business and economic activities with social distancing and public health guidelines is the best strategy to maintain. However, as the government withdrew the partial lockdown, inclusive and transparent risk communication towards the public should be followed. Recovery and strengthening of the health sector, economy, industry, agriculture, and food security should be focused on under the “new normal standard of life” following health guidelines and social distancing. Proper response plans and strategic management are necessary for the sustainability of the nation. GRAPHIC ABSTRACT: [Image: see text] ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s10668-020-00867-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-00867-y doi: 10.1007/s10668-020-00867-y id: cord-259793-pue0mv99 author: Shamshiripour, Ali title: How is COVID-19 reshaping activity-travel behavior? Evidence from a comprehensive survey in Chicago date: 2020-09-06 words: 7748.0 sentences: 369.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259793-pue0mv99.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259793-pue0mv99.txt summary: Combining stated preference (SP) and revealed preference (RP) methods, the survey was structured to collect information in three major categories: 1) socio-demographic details such as residential location, age, gender, race, as well as the economic factors including individual job categories and annual household income; 2) health-related factors such as weight and height, and physical exercise habits, as well as COVID-19 exposure risk factors such as having pre-existing medical conditions and being in close contact with a confirmed case; and 3) an extensive set of questions about people''s attitudes and perceptions, habits, and daily activity-travel behavior. The previous sections discussed the dynamics of various aspects of activity-travel behavior and perceptions impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, and this section seeks to put the results into perspective for transportation planning and offer insights for future research. abstract: The novel COVID-19 pandemic has caused upheaval around the world and has led to drastic changes in our daily routines. Long-established routines such as commuting to workplace and in-store shopping are being replaced by telecommuting and online shopping. Many of these shifts were already underway for a long time, but the pandemic has accelerated them remarkably. This research is an effort to investigate how and to what extent people's mobility-styles and habitual travel behaviors have changed during the COVID-19 pandemic and to explore whether these changes will persist afterward or will bounce back to the pre-pandemic situation. To do so, a stated preference-revealed preference (SP-RP) survey is designed and implemented in the Chicago metropolitan area. The survey incorporates a comprehensive set of questions associated with individuals' travel behaviors, habits, and perceptions before and during the pandemic, as well as their expectations about the future. Analysis of the collected data reveals significant changes in various aspects of people's travel behavior. We also provide several insights for policymakers to be able to proactively plan for more equitable, sustainable, and resilient cities. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2590198220301275 doi: 10.1016/j.trip.2020.100216 id: cord-322099-mb17dnf2 author: Shanahan, Lilly title: Emotional distress in young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence of risk and resilience from a longitudinal cohort study date: 2020-06-23 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and associated lockdown could be considered a ‘perfect storm’ for increases in emotional distress. Such increases can only be identified by studies that use data collected before and during the pandemic. Longitudinal data are also needed to examine (1) the roles of previous distress and stressors in emotional distress during the pandemic and (2) how COVID-19-related stressors and coping strategies are associated with emotional distress when pre-pandemic distress is accounted for. METHODS: Data came from a cohort study (N = 768). Emotional distress (perceived stress, internalizing symptoms, and anger), COVID-19-related stressors, and coping strategies were measured during the pandemic/lockdown when participants were aged 22. Previous distress and stressors were measured before COVID-19 (at age 20). RESULTS: On average, participants showed increased levels of perceived stress and anger (but not internalizing symptoms) during the pandemic compared to before. Pre-COVID-19 emotional distress was the strongest predictor of during-pandemic emotional distress, followed by during-pandemic economic and psychosocial stressors (e.g. lifestyle and economic disruptions) and hopelessness, and pre-pandemic social stressors (e.g. bullying victimization and stressful life events). Most health risks to self or loved ones due to COVID-19 were not uniquely associated with emotional distress in final models. Coping strategies associated with reduced distress included keeping a daily routine, physical activity, and positive reappraisal/reframing. CONCLUSIONS: In our community sample, pre-pandemic distress, secondary consequences of the pandemic (e.g. lifestyle and economic disruptions), and pre-pandemic social stressors were more consistently associated with young adults' emotional distress than COVID-19-related health risk exposures. url: https://doi.org/10.1017/s003329172000241x doi: 10.1017/s003329172000241x id: cord-269280-1zbxjmxu author: Shao, Connie title: The COVID trolley dilemma date: 2020-05-14 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.05.012 doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.05.012 id: cord-322277-mbe9dt3v author: Sharif, Salman title: COVID 19-Depression and Neurosurgeons date: 2020-06-06 words: 3315.0 sentences: 172.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322277-mbe9dt3v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322277-mbe9dt3v.txt summary: The rapid increase in cases and evolving guidelines regarding protection and prevention of the spread of pandemic, with no confirmed treatment or approved vaccine has caused apprehension and anxiety among health care workers. The goal of this survey was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with anxiety and depression among neurosurgeons during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although, a recent Chinese study reported a much higher prevalence of depression (50.4%), anxiety (44.6%) and insomnia (34%) among frontline health care workers. Therefore a feeling of self-protection with provided PPE had a significant negative association with anxiety/depression while a positive COVID colleague increased the likelihood of depression among neurosurgeons. To our knowledge, this is the first study ever to determine the frequency and factors associated with anxiety and depression among 375 neurosurgeons from 52 countries. The prevalence of depression and anxiety among neurosurgeons was found to be lower than the frequency reported among other frontline workers during the COVID pandemic. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878875020312638?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.06.007 id: cord-300396-kea01a27 author: Sharpe, Richard E title: Special Report of the RSNA COVID-19 Task Force: The Short- and Long-Term Financial Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Private Radiology Practices date: 2020-07-17 words: 3540.0 sentences: 225.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300396-kea01a27.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300396-kea01a27.txt summary: The resulting reduction in demand for imaging services had an abrupt and substantial impact on private radiology practices, which are heavily dependent on examination volumes for practice revenues. The goal of this article is to describe the specific experiences of radiologists working in various types of private radiology practices during the initial peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Private practices have crafted tiered strategies to respond to the impact of the pandemic by pulling various cost levers to adjust service availability, staffing, compensation, benefits, time off, and expense reductions. Private practice radiology groups were especially vulnerable to abrupt financial losses as demand for imaging services greatly declined during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) pandemic. After reflecting on their values and priorities, private radiology practices crafted tiered strategies to respond to the impact of the pandemic by pulling various cost levers to adjust service availability, staffing, compensation, benefits, time off, and expense reductions. abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in widespread disruption to the global economy, including demand for imaging services. The resulting reduction in demand for imaging services had an abrupt and substantial impact on private radiology practices, which are heavily dependent on examination volumes for practice revenues. The goal of this article is to describe the specific experiences of radiologists working in various types of private radiology practices during the initial peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Herein, the authors describe factors determining the impact of the pandemic on private practices, the challenges these practices have faced, the cost levers leaders adjusted, and the government subsidies sought. In addition, the authors describe adjustments practices are making to their mid- and long-term strategic plans to pivot for long-term success while managing the COVID-19 pandemic. Private practices have crafted tiered strategies to respond to the impact of the pandemic by pulling various cost levers to adjust service availability, staffing, compensation, benefits, time off, and expense reductions. In addition, they have sought additional revenues, within the boundaries of their practice, to mitigate ongoing financial losses. The longer-term impact of the pandemic will alter existing practices, making some of them more likely than others to succeed in the years ahead. This report synthesizes the collective experience of private practice radiologists shared with members of the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) COVID-19 Task Force, including discussions with colleagues and leaders of private practice radiology groups from across the United States. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32677874/ doi: 10.1148/radiol.2020202517 id: cord-260585-ovmko655 author: Sherman, Allen C. title: Mental Health Outcomes Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic: Prevalence and Risk Factors in a Southern US State date: 2020-09-24 words: 4926.0 sentences: 205.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260585-ovmko655.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260585-ovmko655.txt summary: In separate multivariable analyses that accounted for a number of demographic and pandemic-related covariates, individuals who reported greater pandemic-related disruption in daily life, and those with a prior history of mental health concerns, were more likely to screen positive for depressive, anxiety and trauma-related symptoms. We anticipated that heightened levels of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress would be associated with specific situational factors, including perceived viral exposure or infection, food and financial insecurity, reduced access to routine medical care, greater disruption in daily life, more stringent social distancing, and diminished daily structure. Preliminary bivariate analyses evaluated associations of elevated scores on the primary outcomes (i.e., scores above thresholds for depression, anxiety, and trauma) with demographic variables (e.g., age, ethnicity, gender, comorbidities) and situational risk factors (e.g., perceived exposure and infection, COVID-19 symptoms, food and financial insecurity, access to routine medical care, pandemic-related employment changes, illness or loss of loved ones, reduced daily structure, social activity, and disruption in daily activities,), using t-tests, or chi-square or Fisher Exact tests, as appropriate. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a dramatic effect on the functioning of individuals and institutions around the world. This cross-sectional registry-based study examined some of the burdens of the pandemic, the prevalence of mental health difficulties, and risk factors for psychosocial morbidity among community residents in Arkansas. The study focused on a period of gradual reopening but rising infection rates. The investigation included validated screening measures of depressive symptoms (PHQ-9), generalized anxiety (GAD-7), trauma-related symptoms (PCL-5), and alcohol use (AUDIT-C). A notable percentage of participants reported elevated symptoms on each of these outcomes. In separate multivariable analyses that accounted for a number of demographic and pandemic-related covariates, individuals who reported greater pandemic-related disruption in daily life, and those with a prior history of mental health concerns, were more likely to screen positive for depressive, anxiety and trauma-related symptoms. Findings illuminate burdens experienced by community residents during a period of phased reopening, and offer a foundation for future screening and intervention initiatives. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0165178120331371 doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113476 id: cord-296992-2vp35fwv author: Simonsen, Lone title: Using Clinical Research Networks to Assess Severity of an Emerging Influenza Pandemic date: 2018-05-08 words: 3968.0 sentences: 187.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296992-2vp35fwv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296992-2vp35fwv.txt summary: We retrospectively investigated how to use data from the International Network for Strategic Initiatives in Global HIV Trials, a global clinical influenza research network, to make more accurate case fatality ratio (CFR) estimates early in a future pandemic, an essential part of pandemic response. Since 2009, INSIGHT has undertaken 2 cohort studies-1 outpatient (FLU002) and 1 inpatient (FLU003)-specifically to address gaps in clinical research on the emerging influenza pandemic, including factors linked to disease progression and severe outcomes [24] . To underscore the importance of having baseline data, we compared the estimated pH1N1 clinical severity to that of seasonal influenza types and subtypes and noninfluenza respiratory patients in the post-pandemic period (2012) (2013) (2014) (2015) . Our analysis combining data from inpatient and outpatient INSIGHT cohorts demonstrates how preestablished global research networks could immediately begin rigorous studies to estimate the CFR, a key parameter of clinical severity of an emerging pandemic. abstract: BACKGROUND: Early clinical severity assessments during the 2009 influenza A H1N1 pandemic (pH1N1) overestimated clinical severity due to selection bias and other factors. We retrospectively investigated how to use data from the International Network for Strategic Initiatives in Global HIV Trials, a global clinical influenza research network, to make more accurate case fatality ratio (CFR) estimates early in a future pandemic, an essential part of pandemic response. METHODS: We estimated the CFR of medically attended influenza (CFR(MA)) as the product of probability of hospitalization given confirmed outpatient influenza and the probability of death given hospitalization with confirmed influenza for the pandemic (2009–2011) and post-pandemic (2012–2015) periods. We used literature survey results on health-seeking behavior to convert that estimate to CFR among all infected persons (CFR(AR)). RESULTS: During the pandemic period, 5.0% (3.1%–6.9%) of 561 pH1N1-positive outpatients were hospitalized. Of 282 pH1N1-positive inpatients, 8.5% (5.7%–12.6%) died. CFR(MA) for pH1N1 was 0.4% (0.2%–0.6%) in the pandemic period 2009–2011 but declined 5-fold in young adults during the post-pandemic period compared to the level of seasonal influenza in the post-pandemic period 2012–2015. CFR for influenza-negative patients did not change over time. We estimated the 2009 pandemic CFR(AR) to be 0.025%, 16-fold lower than CFR(MA). CONCLUSIONS: Data from a clinical research network yielded accurate pandemic severity estimates, including increased severity among younger people. Going forward, clinical research networks with a global presence and standardized protocols would substantially aid rapid assessment of clinical severity. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: NCT01056354 and NCT010561. url: https://academic.oup.com/cid/article-pdf/67/3/341/25156461/ciy088.pdf doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy088 id: cord-102269-lfdvl78a author: Singer, B. J. title: The effect of the definition of ''pandemic'' on quantitative assessments of infectious disease outbreak risk date: 2020-10-05 words: 3001.0 sentences: 181.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-102269-lfdvl78a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-102269-lfdvl78a.txt summary: title: The effect of the definition of ''pandemic'' on quantitative assessments of infectious disease outbreak risk Critically, we show that using different definitions alters the projected effects on the pandemic risk of key parameters such as inter-regional travel rates, degree of pre-existing immunity, and heterogeneity of transmission rates between regions. In this study, we examine how alternative definitions of ''pandemic'' affect 24 quantitative estimates of pandemic risk assessed early in an infectious disease outbreak. This : Pandemic probability for a range of between-region transmission rates and a range of pandemic definitions in terms of number of regions experiencing epidemics. The third question was "How is the risk of a pandemic affected by differences between regions?" In figure is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint abstract: In the early stages of an outbreak, the term 'pandemic' can be used to communicate about infectious disease risk, particularly by those who wish to encourage a large-scale public health response. However, the term lacks a widely accepted quantitative definition. We show that, under alternative quantitative definitions of 'pandemic', an epidemiological metapopulation model produces different estimates of the probability of a pandemic. Critically, we show that using different definitions alters the projected effects on the pandemic risk of key parameters such as inter-regional travel rates, degree of pre-existing immunity, and heterogeneity of transmission rates between regions. Our analysis provides a foundation for understanding the scientific importance of precise language when discussing pandemic risk, illustrating how alternate definitions affect the conclusions of modelling studies. This serves to highlight that those working on pandemic preparedness must remain alert to the variability in the use of the term 'pandemic', and provide specific quantitative of analysis that we show to be sensitive to the pandemic definition. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.02.20205682v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.02.20205682 id: cord-316317-5oehzarg author: Skoloudik, David title: Neurosonology during the COVID‐19 pandemic (Editorial commentary from the chairs of the ultrasound panel of the EAN) date: 2020-06-19 words: 475.0 sentences: 34.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316317-5oehzarg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316317-5oehzarg.txt summary: The COVID‐19 pandemic is seriously affecting the lives of billions of people around the world, especially in the healthcare systems.(1) Although the impact of pandemic on health services are mostly negative, there is still a chance to use this situation as an opportunity for positive changes. The COVID-19 pandemic is seriously affecting the lives of billions of people around the world, especially in the healthcare systems. 1 Although the impact of pandemic on health services are mostly negative, there is still a chance to use this situation as an opportunity for positive changes. Major goal of all relevant recommendations of neurosonology societies or authorities is to protect both patients and sonographers but keeping a high attention on stroke as an emergency condition always strictly adhering to treatment guidelines for patients to ensure appropriate stroke care. World Health Organization Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. abstract: The COVID‐19 pandemic is seriously affecting the lives of billions of people around the world, especially in the healthcare systems.(1) Although the impact of pandemic on health services are mostly negative, there is still a chance to use this situation as an opportunity for positive changes. Neurosonological examination involves direct contact between the patient and the sonographer, often for several tens of minutes. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.14410 doi: 10.1111/ene.14410 id: cord-328748-ipv8awq7 author: Smith, Richard D title: The economy-wide impact of pandemic influenza on the UK: a computable general equilibrium modelling experiment date: 2009-11-19 words: 5019.0 sentences: 229.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328748-ipv8awq7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328748-ipv8awq7.txt summary: We also consider the mitigation impact of school closure, which is estimated as 2% for a 34% clinical attack rate in the Ferguson paper and up to a maximum of between Glossary of terms Computable general equilibrium model--A mathematical model of the whole economy that includes the cost minimising and profit maximising behaviour of producers, the consumption and saving behaviour of households and government, taxation mechanisms, and the use of labour, capital, and other factors in order to produce goods for investment or consumption. In brief, schools closing for about 95% of the 15 weeks of the pandemic''s duration and assuming a mitigation equivalent to 2% if the clinical attack rate was 34%, as outlined by Ferguson et al, 10 produces a 2.5% further reduction in gross domestic product compared with our four week closure scenarios; it reduces the infection rates, but the dominance of the case fatality rate in determining the transition point is such that the degree of prophylactic absenteeism remains the same. abstract: Objectives To estimate the potential economic impact of pandemic influenza, associated behavioural responses, school closures, and vaccination on the United Kingdom. Design A computable general equilibrium model of the UK economy was specified for various combinations of mortality and morbidity from pandemic influenza, vaccine efficacy, school closures, and prophylactic absenteeism using published data. Setting The 2004 UK economy (the most up to date available with suitable economic data). Main outcome measures The economic impact of various scenarios with different pandemic severity, vaccination, school closure, and prophylactic absenteeism specified in terms of gross domestic product, output from different economic sectors, and equivalent variation. Results The costs related to illness alone ranged between 0.5% and 1.0% of gross domestic product (£8.4bn to £16.8bn) for low fatality scenarios, 3.3% and 4.3% (£55.5bn to £72.3bn) for high fatality scenarios, and larger still for an extreme pandemic. School closure increases the economic impact, particularly for mild pandemics. If widespread behavioural change takes place and there is large scale prophylactic absence from work, the economic impact would be notably increased with few health benefits. Vaccination with a pre-pandemic vaccine could save 0.13% to 2.3% of gross domestic product (£2.2bn to £38.6bn); a single dose of a matched vaccine could save 0.3% to 4.3% (£5.0bn to £72.3bn); and two doses of a matched vaccine could limit the overall economic impact to about 1% of gross domestic product for all disease scenarios. Conclusion Balancing school closure against “business as usual” and obtaining sufficient stocks of effective vaccine are more important factors in determining the economic impact of an influenza pandemic than is the disease itself. Prophylactic absence from work in response to fear of infection can add considerably to the economic impact. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19926697/ doi: 10.1136/bmj.b4571 id: cord-324185-zt88o3co author: Sovacool, Benjamin K. title: Contextualizing the Covid-19 pandemic for a carbon-constrained world: Insights for sustainability transitions, energy justice, and research methodology date: 2020-10-31 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Abstract The global Covid-19 pandemic has rapidly overwhelmed our societies, shocked the global economy and overburdened struggling health care systems and other social institutions around the world. While such impacts of Covid-19 are becoming clearer, the implications of the disease for energy and climate policy are more prosaic. This Special Section seeks to offer more clarity on the emerging connections between Covid-19 and energy supply and demand, energy governance, future low-carbon transitions, social justice, and even the practice of research methodology. It features articles that ask, and answer: What are the known and anticipated impacts of Covid-19 on energy demand and climate change? How has the disease shaped institutional responses and varying energy policy frameworks, especially in Africa? How will the disease impact ongoing social practices, innovations and sustainability transitions, including not only renewable energy but also mobility? How might the disease, and social responses to it, exacerbate underlying patterns of energy poverty, energy vulnerability, and energy injustice? Lastly, what challenges and insights does the pandemic offer for the practice of research, and for future research methodology? We find that without careful guidance and consideration, the brave new age wrought by Covid-19 could very well collapse in on itself with bloated stimulus packages that counter sustainability goals, misaligned incentives that exacerbate climate change, the entrenchment of unsustainable practices, and acute and troubling consequences for vulnerable groups. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101701 doi: 10.1016/j.erss.2020.101701 id: cord-286288-gduhterq author: Spitzer, Ernest title: Cardiovascular Clinical Trials in a Pandemic: Immediate Implications of Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-05-01 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic started in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019, and by 24 April 2020, it had affected >2.73 million people in 185 countries and caused >192,000 deaths. Despite diverse societal measures to reduce transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, such as implementing social distancing, quarantine, curfews and total lockdowns, its control remains challenging. Healthcare practitioners are at the frontline of defence against the virus, with increasing institutional and governmental supports. Nevertheless, new or ongoing clinical trials, not related to the disease itself, remain important for the development of new therapies, and require interactions among patients, clinicians and research personnel, which is challenging, given isolation measures. In this article, the authors summarise the acute effects and consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on current cardiovascular trials. url: https://doi.org/10.15420/cfr.2020.07 doi: 10.15420/cfr.2020.07 id: cord-032256-7yrh16ab author: Susskind, Daniel title: The economics of the COVID-19 pandemic: an assessment date: 2020-08-29 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has created both a medical crisis and an economic crisis. As others have noted, we face challenges just as big as those in the Spanish Flu Pandemic and the Great Depression—all at once. The tasks facing policy-makers are extraordinary. Many new kinds of intervention are urgently required. This issue of the Oxford Review of Economic Policy has two objectives. The first is to explore these new interventions: evaluating their use, suggesting how they might be improved, and proposing alternatives. The second is to show that the challenges facing us are global and will require international cooperation if they are to be dealt with effectively. This short introductory essay positions the papers in the issue within an overall conceptual framework, with the aim of telling an overarching story about the pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7499690/ doi: 10.1093/oxrep/graa036 id: cord-348121-c7jq240j author: Tagliabue, Fabio title: The “Pandemic” of Disinformation in COVID-19 date: 2020-08-01 words: 1513.0 sentences: 75.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348121-c7jq240j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348121-c7jq240j.txt summary: In recent years, mass media and social networks have played an important role in disseminating information regarding public health. Initial, and overly optimistic medical statements that judged the epidemic as a simple influenza lowered social attention on the COVID-19 pandemic and instilled in some people conspiracy or denial ideas supported by statements by some doctors and non-medical professionals who said, "it''s just a flu." [3] The poor perception of the risks related to COVID-19 infection also manifested itself despite the exponential growth of infections and deaths. Misinformation and fake news contributed to the onset of PTSD and headline stress disorder cases [2] . The historical importance of the COVID-19 pandemic is such that, also in the future, COVID-19-related news will be published cyclically in the mass media and on social networks. Methanol mass poisoning outbreak: a consequence of COVID-19 pandemic and misleading messages on social media abstract: In recent years, mass media and social networks have played an important role in disseminating information regarding public health. During the COVID-19 epidemic, misinformation and fake news have represented an important issue generating confusion and insecurity among the population. In our analysis, we investigate the role of mass media as a critical element during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak that has influenced the public perception of risk. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42399-020-00439-1 doi: 10.1007/s42399-020-00439-1 id: cord-288818-6uvb4qsk author: Tanveer, Faouzia title: Ethics, pandemic and environment; looking at the future of low middle income countries date: 2020-10-15 words: 6998.0 sentences: 322.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288818-6uvb4qsk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288818-6uvb4qsk.txt summary: From the restrictions on public freedom and burgeoning socio-economic impacts to the rationing of scarce medical resources, the spread of COVID-19 is an extraordinary ethical dilemma for resource constrained nations with less developed health and research systems. International regimes are on high alert to stop its spread, however, as far as the global scenario is concerned, countries and governments are clueless in stopping the expanding pandemic as not much is known about SARS-CoV-2, while left only with implementing nationwide lock downs and curfews which opened new economic fronts and social challenges. COVID-19 has presented itself as a test case for the humanity in terms of global fraternity, decision making, technology and expertise sharing, rapid pandemic response mechanisms, stability, crises management and policy making. abstract: COVID-19 which started in Wuhan, China and swiftly expanded geographically worldwide, including to Low to Middle Income Countries (LMICs). This in turn raised numerous ethical concerns in preparedness, knowledge sharing, intellectual property rights, environmental health together with the serious constraints regarding readiness of health care systems in LMICs to respond to this enormous public health crisis. From the restrictions on public freedom and burgeoning socio-economic impacts to the rationing of scarce medical resources, the spread of COVID-19 is an extraordinary ethical dilemma for resource constrained nations with less developed health and research systems. In the current crisis, scientific knowledge and technology has an important role to play in effective response. Emergency preparedness is a shared responsibility of all countries with a moral obligation to support each other. This review discusses the ethical concerns regarding the national capacities and response strategies in LMICs to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the deep link between the environment and the increasing risk of pandemics. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33059674/ doi: 10.1186/s12939-020-01296-z id: cord-264974-hspek930 author: Timmis, Kenneth title: The COVID‐19 pandemic: some lessons learned about crisis preparedness and management, and the need for international benchmarking to reduce deficits date: 2020-05-03 words: 7222.0 sentences: 275.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264974-hspek930.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264974-hspek930.txt summary: If, despite the explicit warning of the World Health Organization in 2011 that ''The world is ill-prepared to respond to a severe influenza pandemic or to any similarly global, sustained and threatening public-health emergency'' (https://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA64/A64_10en.pdf), it was not apparent to those in charge, and to the general public-i.e., those suffering from COVID-19 infections and the funders of health services (tax/insurance payers)-that existing health systems had inherent vulnerabilities which could prove to be devastating when seriously stressed, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (e.g., see Brüssow, 2020 ) has brutally exposed it now. International benchmarking is mandatory, because it has become clear that there is a wide range of effectiveness in the ability of different countries with developed economies to respond to this crisis (and probably others), and the tax-paying public has no compelling reason to tolerate perpetuation of factors underlying poor responses to crises. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32319151/ doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.15029 id: cord-340145-nx746m76 author: Trisolino, Giovanni title: Recommendations from the Italian Society of Pediatric Orthopaedics and Traumatology for the management of pediatric orthopaedic patients during the COVID19 pandemic and post-pandemic period in Italy date: 2020-10-08 words: 2611.0 sentences: 129.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340145-nx746m76.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340145-nx746m76.txt summary: The Italian Society of Pediatric Orthopaedics and Traumatology formulated general and specific recommendations to face the COVID-19 outbreak, aiming to provide essential care for children needing orthopaedic treatments during the pandemic and early post-peak period, ensure safety of children, caregivers and healthcare providers and limit the spread of contagion. This exceptional adaptation of the Italian National Health Service was significantly evident also within non-frontline healthcare settings such as Pediatric Orthopaedic Units, where limitation and temporary suspension of most routine care activities was necessary to reduce the risk of infection in patients, families, and healthcare providers and to reallocate healthcare personnel from routine tasks to emergency. The Advisory Board of the SITOP has provided a panel of priority levels in order to safely schedule deferrable surgical treatments, reducing the risk of missing children who require non postponable operations, during the pandemic and post peak period (see Table 2 ). abstract: The rapid spread of the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy has dramatically impacted the National Healthcare System, causing the sudden congestion of hospitals, especially in Northern Italy, thus imposing drastic restriction of almost all routine medical care. This exceptional adaptation of the Italian National Healthcare System has also been felt by non-frontline settings such as Pediatric Orthopaedic Units, where the limitation or temporary suspension of most routine care activities met with a need to maintain continuity of care and avoid secondary issues due to the delay or suspension of the routine clinical practice. The Italian Society of Pediatric Orthopaedics and Traumatology formulated general and specific recommendations to face the COVID-19 outbreak, aiming to provide essential care for children needing orthopaedic treatments during the pandemic and early post-peak period, ensure safety of children, caregivers and healthcare providers and limit the spread of contagion. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33032650/ doi: 10.1186/s13052-020-00911-7 id: cord-252675-axio9zna author: Van, Debbie title: University life and pandemic influenza: Attitudes and intended behaviour of staff and students towards pandemic (H1N1) 2009 date: 2010-03-14 words: 3252.0 sentences: 174.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252675-axio9zna.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252675-axio9zna.txt summary: Through the use of an online survey, we aimed to measure the perceptions and responses of staff and students towards pandemic (H1N1) 2009 at a major university in Sydney, Australia. In Australia, the median age of confirmed cases is 21 years [2] Universities therefore have the potential to become explosive, centrifugal outbreak centres due to their large young adult population, high levels of close social contact and permeable boundaries. This survey was conducted to examine the understanding of and attitudes towards pandemic (H1N1) 2009 amongst students and staff at the University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia and their behavioural intentions during this pandemic. However in our study, few respondents had adopted the use of online teaching or learning resources as a result of pandemic influenza (H1N1). Of the participants surveyed, Asian-born respondents were the most likely to be anxious about the Australian pandemic situation, rate the situation as serious, undertake specific behavioural changes and comply with public health measures. abstract: BACKGROUND: In a pandemic young adults are more likely to be infected, increasing the potential for Universities to be explosive disease outbreak centres. Outbreak management is essential to reduce the impact in both the institution and the surrounding community. Through the use of an online survey, we aimed to measure the perceptions and responses of staff and students towards pandemic (H1N1) 2009 at a major university in Sydney, Australia. METHODS: The survey was available online from 29 June to 30 September 2009. The sample included academic staff, general staff and students of the University. RESULTS: A total of 2882 surveys were completed. Nearly all respondents (99.6%, 2870/2882) were aware of the Australian pandemic situation and 64.2% (1851/2882) reported either "no anxiety" or "disinterest." Asian-born respondents were significantly (p < 0.001) more likely to believe that the pandemic was serious compared to respondents from other regions. 75.9% (2188/2882) of respondents had not made any lifestyle changes as a result of the pandemic. Most respondents had not adopted any specific behaviour change, and only 20.8% (600/2882) had adopted the simplest health behaviour, i.e. hand hygiene. Adoption of a specific behaviour change was linked to anxiety and Asian origin. Students were more likely to attend the university if unwell compared with staff members. Positive responses from students strongly indicate the potential for expanding online teaching and learning resources for continuing education in disaster settings. Willingness to receive the pandemic vaccine was associated with seasonal influenza vaccination uptake over the previous 3 years. CONCLUSIONS: Responses to a pandemic are subject to change in its pre-, early and mid-outbreak stages. Lessons for these institutions in preparation for a second wave and future disease outbreaks include the need to promote positive public health behaviours amongst young people and students. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20226093/ doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-130 id: cord-261711-nmmz9tke author: Verma, Surabhi title: Investigating the Emerging COVID-19 Research Trends in the Field of Business and Management: A Bibliometric Analysis Approach date: 2020-07-02 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has been labeled as a black swan event that caused a ripple effect on every aspect of human life. Despite the short time span of the pandemic—only four and half months so far—a rather large volume of research pertaining to COVID-19 has been published (107 articles indexed in Scopus and the Web of Science). This article presents the findings of a bibliometric study of COVID-19 literature in the business and management domain to identify current areas of research and propose a way forward. The analysis of the published literature identified four main research themes and 18 sub-themes. The findings and propositions of this study suggest that COVID-19 will be the catalyst of several long- and short-term policy changes and requires the theoretical and empirical attention of researchers. The offered propositions will act as a roadmap to potential research opportunities. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014829632030432X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.06.057 id: cord-003571-upogtny6 author: Viboud, Cécile title: The 1918 Influenza Pandemic: Looking Back, Looking Forward date: 2018-10-20 words: 3831.0 sentences: 155.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-003571-upogtny6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-003571-upogtny6.txt summary: In the present commentary, we place these 12 articles in the context of a growing body of work on the archeo-epidemiology of past pandemics, the socioeconomic and geographic drivers of influenza mortality and natality impact, and renewed interest in immune imprinting mechanisms and the development of novel influenza vaccines. In the present commentary, we place these 12 articles in the context of a growing body of work on the archeo-epidemiology of past pandemics, the socioeconomic and geographic drivers of influenza mortality and natality impact, and renewed interest in immune imprinting mechanisms and the development of novel influenza vaccines. age patterns; history of epidemiology; influenza; mortality; pandemic; prior immunity One hundred years after the fact, the 1918 influenza pandemic remains one of the most important epidemics of the modern medical era; it was significant for its impact on both human health and the development of epidemiology and other medical sciences. abstract: In commemoration of the centennial of the 1918 influenza pandemic, the American Journal of Epidemiology has convened a collection of 12 articles that further illuminate the epidemiology of that pandemic and consider whether we would be more prepared if an equally deadly influenza virus were to emerge again. In the present commentary, we place these 12 articles in the context of a growing body of work on the archeo-epidemiology of past pandemics, the socioeconomic and geographic drivers of influenza mortality and natality impact, and renewed interest in immune imprinting mechanisms and the development of novel influenza vaccines. We also highlight persisting mysteries in the origins and severity of the 1918 pandemic and the need to preserve rapidly decaying information that may provide treasure troves for future generations. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6454441/ doi: 10.1093/aje/kwy207 id: cord-340756-ks1l11ot author: Ward, Kate A. title: Outbreaks of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and Seasonal Influenza A (H3N2) on Cruise Ship date: 2010-11-17 words: 4317.0 sentences: 199.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340756-ks1l11ot.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340756-ks1l11ot.txt summary: On May 24, the Australian Quarantine Inspection Service reported that 6 passengers of a cruise ship had respiratory symptoms, and a point-of-care test showed positive infl uenza A virus results for all. In response, NSW Health requested that all passengers (1,963 from Australia and 7 from elsewhere) who were experiencing infl uenza-like illness (ILI) isolate themselves from healthy persons and that all asymptomatic passengers quarantine themselves for 7 days after disembarkation (or 7 days after onset of symptoms if they developed). Oseltamivir treatment (75 mg 2×/d for 5 days) was recommended for passengers or crew members with ILI (defi ned as >2 of the following: cough, fever, runny nose, or blocked nose) within 48 hours of onset and oseltamivir prophylaxis Outbreaks of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and Seasonal Infl uenza A (H3N2) on Cruise Ship (75 mg 1×/d for 10 days) for those in close contact with patients with laboratory-confi rmed cases. abstract: To determine the extent and pattern of influenza transmission and effectiveness of containment measures, we investigated dual outbreaks of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and influenza A (H3N2) that had occurred on a cruise ship in May 2009. Of 1,970 passengers and 734 crew members, 82 (3.0%) were infected with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus, 98 (3.6%) with influenza A (H3N2) virus, and 2 (0.1%) with both. Among 45 children who visited the ship’s childcare center, infection rate for pandemic (H1N1) 2009 was higher than that for influenza A (H3N2) viruses. Disembarked passengers reported a high level of compliance with isolation and quarantine recommendations. We found 4 subsequent cases epidemiologically linked to passengers but no evidence of sustained transmission to the community or passengers on the next cruise. Among this population of generally healthy passengers, children seemed more susceptible to pandemic (H1N1) 2009 than to influenza (H3N2) viruses. Intensive disease control measures successfully contained these outbreaks. url: https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1611.100477 doi: 10.3201/eid1611.100477 id: cord-344438-08gqn86z author: Watkins, Rochelle E title: Influenza pandemic preparedness: motivation for protection among small and medium businesses in Australia date: 2007-07-17 words: 5860.0 sentences: 223.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344438-08gqn86z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344438-08gqn86z.txt summary: Government and health authorities in Australia and overseas have recommended that businesses, community organisations and individuals implement a range of strategies to prepare for pandemic influenza, and an increasing number of resources are being produced to provide guidance on pandemic preparedness and business continuity planning [4] [5] [6] [7] . Guided by the concepts considered to be of importance in these health behaviour theories, and the protection motivation theory framework in particular, we aimed to investigate the association between selected beliefs and preparedness for pandemic influenza among small and medium business owners and managers. Binomial logistic regression analysis was used to identify the significant independent predictors of the health behaviour theory-based belief variables and the three main dependent variables: having considered the impact of, having a plan for, and needing help to prepare for pandemic influenza. abstract: BACKGROUND: Community-wide preparedness for pandemic influenza is an issue that has featured prominently in the recent news media, and is currently a priority for health authorities in many countries. The small and medium business sector is a major provider of private sector employment in Australia, yet we have little information about the preparedness of this sector for pandemic influenza. This study aimed to investigate the association between individual perceptions and preparedness for pandemic influenza among small and medium business owners and managers. METHODS: Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with 201 small and medium business owners or managers in New South Wales and Western Australia. Eligible small or medium businesses were defined as those that had less than 200 employees. Binomial logistic regression analysis was used to identify the predictors of having considered the impact of, having a plan for, and needing help to prepare for pandemic influenza. RESULTS: Approximately 6 per cent of participants reported that their business had a plan for pandemic influenza, 39 per cent reported that they had not thought at all about the impact of pandemic influenza on their business, and over 60 per cent stated that they required help to prepare for a pandemic. Beliefs about the severity of pandemic influenza and the ability to respond were significant independent predictors of having a plan for pandemic influenza, and the perception of the risk of pandemic influenza was the most important predictor of both having considered the impact of, and needing help to prepare for a pandemic. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that small and medium businesses in Australia are not currently well prepared for pandemic influenza. We found that beliefs about the risk, severity, and the ability to respond effectively to the threat of pandemic influenza are important predictors of preparedness. Campaigns targeting small and medium businesses should emphasise the severity of the consequences to their businesses if a pandemic were to occur, and, at the same time, reassure them that there are effective strategies capable of being implemented by small and medium businesses to deal with a pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17634112/ doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-7-157 id: cord-021175-0ikkl3hk author: Wilson, Christopher title: The new informatics of pandemic response: humanitarian technology, efficiency, and the subtle retreat of national agency date: 2018-05-30 words: 9219.0 sentences: 371.0 pages: flesch: 26.0 cache: ./cache/cord-021175-0ikkl3hk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-021175-0ikkl3hk.txt summary: This model distinguishes between the use of digital communication tools for diagnostic, risk communication, and coordination activities and highlights how the influx of novel actors and tendencies towards digital and operational convergence risks focusing humanitarian action and decision-making outside national authorities'' spheres of influence in pandemic response. Digital communications in Fast and Waugaman''s case studies are leveraged to determine the way in which Ebola was spreading and the nature of risks posed by the pandemic, in order to coordinate activity among different types of response actors, including national authorities, international humanitarian aid workers and front-line health care providers, and in order to communicate with the general public regarding health risks and appropriate behavior to mitigate those risks. Firstly, social media and big data introduce promising new sources of information on which to base decision-making in pandemic response, but for whose meaningful use humanitarian organizations tend to lack the institutional and technical capacity, and national authorities even more so (Harvard Humanitarian Initiative 2011; Odugleh-Kolev 2014; Smith 2015; Read et al. abstract: Digital communication technologies play an increasingly prominent role in humanitarian operations and in response to international pandemics specifically. A burgeoning body of scholarship on the topic displays high expectations for such tools to increase the efficiency of pandemic response. This article reviews empirical uses of communications technology in humanitarian and pandemic response, and the 2014 Ebola response in particular, in order to propose a three-part conceptual model for the new informatics of pandemic response. This model distinguishes between the use of digital communication tools for diagnostic, risk communication, and coordination activities and highlights how the influx of novel actors and tendencies towards digital and operational convergence risks focusing humanitarian action and decision-making outside national authorities’ spheres of influence in pandemic response. This risk exacerbates a fundamental tension between the humanitarian promise of new technologies and the fundamental norm that international humanitarian response should complement and give primacy to the role of national authorities when possible. The article closes with recommendations for ensuring the inclusion of roles and agency for national authorities in technology-supported communication processes for pandemic response. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7149122/ doi: 10.1186/s41018-018-0036-5 id: cord-269958-nj0ub9in author: Woods, Eric Taylor title: COVID‐19, nationalism, and the politics of crisis: A scholarly exchange date: 2020-07-19 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: In this article, several scholars of nationalism discuss the potential for the COVID‐19 pandemic to impact the development of nationalism and world politics. To structure the discussion, the contributors respond to three questions: (1) how should we understand the relationship between nationalism and COVID‐19; (2) will COVID‐19 fuel ethnic and nationalist conflict; and (3) will COVID‐19 reinforce or erode the nation‐state in the long run? The contributors formulated their responses to these questions near to the outset of the pandemic, amid intense uncertainty. This made it acutely difficult, if not impossible, to make predictions. Nevertheless, it was felt that a historically and theoretically informed discussion would shed light on the types of political processes that could be triggered by the COVID‐19 pandemic. In doing so, the aim is to help orient researchers and policy‐makers as they grapple with what has rapidly become the most urgent issue of our times. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/nana.12644 doi: 10.1111/nana.12644 id: cord-015646-tt2p9uue author: Xue, Lan title: Global Strategies and Response Measures to the Influenza A (H1N1) Pandemic date: 2018-11-24 words: 9336.0 sentences: 368.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-015646-tt2p9uue.txt txt: ./txt/cord-015646-tt2p9uue.txt summary: 20 In response to the ongoing global pandemic, the WHO stressed the importance for countries to carry out inoculations and to set forth three goals for their vaccination strategies, i.e. ensuring the normal operation of national healthcare systems, lowering morbidity and mortality, and minimizing possibilities of community-level outbreaks. In Australia, funds for prevention and control against Influenza A (H1N1) originated mainly from the federal government, which was used specifically for monitoring pandemic development, stockpiling and distributing antiviral drugs, training medical personnel, providing free vaccinations for citizens, and assisting developing countries with prevention and control efforts. The federal government spent 43 million USD on antiviral drugs, 1.4 million USD on the purchasing of automatic detection equipment for the National Influenza Center and other public health laboratories, 4 million USD on training general practitioners across the country, and 3 million USD on a donation to the WHO which was used in aiding developing countries, especially those neighboring Australia, with pandemic monitoring, detection, preparation and response. abstract: As an infectious respiratory disease, influenza is prone to cause pandemics for its fast mutation, easy dissemination, susceptibility to humans, and its elusive nature in terms of treatment. Three influenza pandemics occurred in the 20th century which caused huge losses worldwide. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7114975/ doi: 10.1007/978-981-13-0644-0_2 id: cord-274163-yxl9a9u7 author: Yadav, Uday Narayan title: A Syndemic Perspective on the Management of Non-communicable Diseases Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic in Low- and Middle-Income Countries date: 2020-09-25 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The global coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has greatly affected the lives of people living with non-communicable diseases (PLWNCDs). The health of PLWNCDs worsens when synergistic epidemics or “syndemics” occur due to the interaction between socioecological and biological factors, resulting in adverse outcomes. These interactions can affect the physical, emotional, and social well-being of PLWNCDs. In this paper, we discuss the effects of the COVID-19 syndemic on PLWNCDs, particularly how it has exposed them to NCD risk factors and disrupted essential public health services. We conclude by reflecting on strategies and policies that deal with the COVID-19 syndemic among PLWNCDs in low- and middle-income countries. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00508 doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00508 id: cord-277107-gs7j6fxo author: Yamin, Mohammad title: Counting the cost of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-13 words: 4178.0 sentences: 236.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277107-gs7j6fxo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277107-gs7j6fxo.txt summary: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the name given by the World Health Organization (WHO) to the highly contagious and infectious disease caused by the Novel Corona Virus or SARS-CoV-2, which was first reported on 31 December 2019 in Wuhan city of the capital of China''s Hubei province. In recent years we have witnessed an increased growth and spread of communicable and highly contagious viruses and diseases like EBOLA [3] , HIV Aids [4] , Swine Influenza (H1N1, H1N2) [5] , various strands of Flu [6] , Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) [7] and Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) [8] in Africa, the Middle East and several other parts of the world. The coronavirus disease COVID-19 is a highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ( Fig. 1) , which is resulting in a heavy toll on people''s lives and colossal economic damage. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the name given by the World Health Organization (WHO) to the highly contagious and infectious disease caused by the Novel Corona Virus or SARS-CoV-2, which was first reported on 31 December 2019 in Wuhan city of the capital of China's Hubei province. Due to the rapid increase in the number of infections worldwide, the WHO in March 2020, declared COVID-19 as a pandemic. Historically, first coronavirus had surfaced in 1965 with symptoms of common cold. Since then five different strands of this virus have emerged, most lethal of them was the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), which infected about eight thousand people, killing ten percent of them. The COVID-19 is not the most deadly pandemic world has ever witnessed as the Spanish influenza pandemic, during 1918–19, killed more than fifty million people. Indeed COVID-19 has turned out to be the most lethal of all coronaviruses as it has infected at least three million people killing more than two hundred thousands of them in the first 4 months of its spread. Many politicians and social scientists have dubbed the depression, being caused by COVID-19, worse than that caused by the Second World War. In this article, we shall analyze economic, social, cultural, educational and political impact of the COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32412538/ doi: 10.1007/s41870-020-00466-0 id: cord-256432-53l24le2 author: Yang, Honglin title: A Strategy Study on Risk Communication of Pandemic Influenza: A Mental Model Study of College Students in Beijing date: 2020-09-04 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: PURPOSE: To understand the characteristics of risk perception of influenza pandemic in college students with prominent frequency and the differences between these risk perceptions and professionals. Then, offering a proposal for the government to improve the efficiency of risk communication and health education. METHODS: According to the mental model theory, researchers first draw a framework of key risk factors, and then they ask these students about the understanding of the framework with questionnaire and then making concept statistics and content analysis on the respondents’ answers. RESULTS: Researchers find some students’ misunderstanding of pandemic including excessive optimism to the consequences of a pandemic, a lack of detailed understanding of mitigation measures, and negative attitudes towards health education and vaccination. Most students showed incomplete and incorrect views about concepts related to the development and exposure factors, impact and mitigation measures. Once threatened, it may lead to the failure of decision-making. The majority of students we interviewed had positive attitudes towards personal emergency preparedness for a pandemic influenza and specialized health education in the future. CONCLUSION: Researchers suggest that the government should make a specific pandemic guidance plan by referring to the risk cognitive characteristics of college students shown in the research results, and update the methods of health education to college students. url: https://doi.org/10.2147/rmhp.s251733 doi: 10.2147/rmhp.s251733 id: cord-349696-w3ajpaxo author: Yıldız, Erman title: What can be said about lifestyle and psychosocial issues during the coronavirus disease pandemic? first impressions date: 2020-07-06 words: 1271.0 sentences: 73.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349696-w3ajpaxo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349696-w3ajpaxo.txt summary: 1 Everything regarding COVID-19 started with cases detected in the city of Wuhan in China 2 and became a public even that concerns the entire world in a short time due to the disease''s high contagiousness. 15 Indeed, unhealthy lifestyle behaviors encountered in the pandemic period are not just related to noncontagious diseases, but these behaviors are also closely in interacting with the mental health of individuals. Considering that unhealthy lifestyle behaviors due to quarantine, such as physical limitation and ineffective weight management are frequently comorbid with stress, anxiety, and depression, the mental health of individuals should not be neglected. 16 For all these reasons, from the perspectives of public health and protective care, there is an emergent need to provide information and interventions to individuals, communities and healthcare institutions for them to continue the healthiest lifestyle under quarantine. Lifestyle at time of COVID-19: how could quarantine affect cardiovascular risk abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32632997/ doi: 10.1111/ppc.12560 id: cord-302859-dc26tyu2 author: Zahid, Marij title: Effects of coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on orthopedic residency program in the seventh largest city of the world: Recommendations from a resource-constrained setting date: 2020-06-25 words: 1076.0 sentences: 61.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302859-dc26tyu2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302859-dc26tyu2.txt summary: title: Effects of coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on orthopedic residency program in the seventh largest city of the world: Recommendations from a resource-constrained setting In this article we share our experience of effect of COVID-19 pandemic 10 on our orthopedic residency program and how we coped along with it. In this article we share our experience of effect of COVID-19 pandemic 10 on our orthopedic residency program and how we coped along with it. We also discussed some 11 way forwards in the article 12 Keywords: 13 Coronavirus; quarantine; orthopedic surgeons; pandemics; medical education 14 2 Introduction: 15 Since the inception of novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China, the global situation has changed 16 dramatically in every sector of life. We in this 50 article share our experience of orthopedic residency program in an urban tertiary care center and 51 delineate our division of work force during this pandemic and propose few recommendations. abstract: The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has hit the entire world hard. Since its inception from Wuhan China the whole world is affected now. Health care facilities and workers are overwhelmed and the situation is changing on daily basis. With the changes in the dynamics of the hospitals, residency and fellowships training programs have also suffered undoubtedly. Due to decreased elective cases and outpatient clinics surgical training gets compromised, however on the other side this physical distancing and isolation have proven to be effective measures in controlling the disease. In this article we share our experience of effect of COVID-19 pandemic on our orthopedic residency program and how we coped along with it. We also discussed some way forwards in the article. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2049080120301655 doi: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.06.026 id: cord-339935-tguhrqvz author: Zavattaro, Staci M. title: Introduction: COVID‐19 Viewpoint Symposium, Part II date: 2020-08-12 words: 2244.0 sentences: 139.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339935-tguhrqvz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339935-tguhrqvz.txt summary: Charbonneau and Doberstein (2020) consider work surveillance practices and their relationship to performance management With so many public servants being forced to shift to remote working from home in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, such oversight is increasing in importance. The COVID-19 pandemic showed the crippling holes in existing MFM plans, and the authors, using lessons learned from the earthquake, recommend increased collaboration, psychological support, and network leads when it comes to developing viable MFM plans going forward. They offer economic development approaches requiring coordination, and like the other essays in this Viewpoint symposium offer a path for future research to see if these strategies work, such as active versus passive partnerships. Network of networks: preliminary lessons from the Antwerp Port Authority on crisis management and network governance to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32836466/ doi: 10.1111/puar.13290 id: cord-271362-qn5i6cdj author: Zheng, Lei title: Perceived Control Buffers the Effects of the COVID‐19 Pandemic on General Health and Life Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Psychological Distance date: 2020-09-21 words: 5589.0 sentences: 282.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271362-qn5i6cdj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271362-qn5i6cdj.txt summary: According to the literature, high perceived control increases the psychological distance from a negative target (Han et al., 2018) , which may in turn help individuals in coping with the COVID-19 pandemic and further lead to high levels of perceived general health and life satisfaction. Next, the results of the mediation model showed that regional pandemic severity had a negative effect on the psychological distance from COVID-19 (B = À0.54, SE = 0.12, p < .001), which subsequently led to low levels of perceived general health (B = 0.06, SE = 0.01, p < .001) and life satisfaction (B = 0.15, SE = 0.02, p < .001). In particular, the regional pandemic severity adversely affects psychological distance when people have low perceived control, which in turn can lead to low levels of both life satisfaction and perceived general health. abstract: BACKGROUND: Ways to maintain good health during a pandemic are very important for the general population; however, little is known about the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) on individuals’ life satisfaction and perceived general health. This study aimed to examine the effects of COVID‐19 on life satisfaction and perceived general health and reveal the buffering effect of perceived control on coping with COVID‐19. METHODS: We collected 1,847 participants’ data from 31 pandemic‐affected provinces in China and obtained regional epidemic data of the same provinces. We employed a moderated mediation model with both individuals’ self‐report data and regional epidemic data to verify the hypotheses. RESULTS: Psychological distance mediated the relationships of regional pandemic severity with perceived general health and life satisfaction. Perceived control moderated the detrimental effects of regional pandemic severity through the moderating effects of regional pandemic severity on psychological distance, as well as the moderating effects of psychological distance on life satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that perceived control may act as a protective factor buffering the psychological impact of the pandemic on general health and life satisfaction. Psychological distance can serve as a mediator that explains how the COVID‐19 pandemic impacts perceived general health and life satisfaction. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32955170/ doi: 10.1111/aphw.12232 id: cord-294772-nma7w7of author: de Oliveira Collet, Giulia title: COVID-19 pandemic and pediatric dentistry: fear, eating habits and parent’s oral health perceptions date: 2020-09-15 words: 3582.0 sentences: 220.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294772-nma7w7of.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294772-nma7w7of.txt summary: title: COVID-19 pandemic and pediatric dentistry: fear, eating habits and parent''s oral health perceptions The questions addressed topics regarding changes in daily routine, dietary habits, fear level, oral health, and variation of income during the pandemic. The changes in diet, economic issues, general concerns, fear, added to the lack of preventive dental care, could impact the oral health of children during the enforced stay-at-home orders. Thus, this study aimed to assess the fear level, dietary choices and parent''s oral health perceptions during the stay-at-home orders period in Brazil. Regarding oral health, 24.4% of parents/caregivers reported their children were undergoing dental treatment before the pandemic. Association was found among parents/caregivers'' willingness to take their children to dental appointments, fear level (p<0.001), and the local number of COVID-19 cases (p<0.001) ( Table 4) . The present study concluded that the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the eating habits and dental care of children in Brazil. abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe measures have been implemented around the world to reduce COVID-19 spread with a significant impact on family dynamics. AIM: To assess the impact of the pandemic on fear, dietary choices and oral health perceptions of parents. DESIGN: questionnaire containing 19 questions was remotely applied to 1,003 parents of children aged 0-12 years. The questions addressed topics regarding changes in daily routine, dietary habits, fear level, oral health, and variation of income during the pandemic. Data analysis included the description of the relative and absolute frequencies of the variables. Association tests were performed using Fisher's exact and Kruskal-Wallis tests. RESULTS: 73% of respondents reported income loss. Five hundred sixty-eight people denied seeking medical or dental care. 61.5% of respondents revealed changes in the dietary pattern; most of them mentioned an increase in food intake. Most parents (66.6%) would only seek urgent dental care. There was an association between parents’ willingness to take their children to dental appointments with the fear level (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Most families have experienced changes in daily routine and eating habits during the pandemic. Parents fear COVID-19 and it impacts their behavior regarding seeking dental care for their children. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32952248/ doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105469 id: cord-001521-l36f1gp7 author: nan title: Oral and Poster Manuscripts date: 2011-04-08 words: 183363.0 sentences: 11362.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-001521-l36f1gp7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-001521-l36f1gp7.txt summary: The IC 50 values determined in functional NI assays provide valuable information for detection of resistant viruses, but should not be used to draw direct correlations with drug concentrations needed to inhibit virus replication in the infected human host, as clinical data to support such inferences are inadequate. • Standardized reagents and protocols • Choice of detection technology • Simple instrumentation requirements • High sensitivity for use with low virus concentrations • Compatibility with batch-mode processing and largescale assay throughput • Broad specificity of influenza detection • Flexibility in assay format • Additional NA assay applications -cell-based viral assays, screening for new NIs, detection of NA from other organisms Functional neuraminidase inhibition assays enable detection of any resistance mutation and are extremely important in conjunction with sequence-based screening assays for global monitoring of virus isolates for NI resistance mutations, including known and new mutations. Such new assays need to include methods to measure local antibodies and virus-specific lymphocytes, especially in the case of live attenuated influenza vaccines, because of their potential to induce such broad-based immune responses. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4313891/ doi: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2011.00209.x id: cord-008695-y7il3hyb author: nan title: Pandemic Flu: Clinical management of patients with an influenza-like illness during an influenza pandemic date: 2007-01-25 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7133687/ doi: 10.1016/s0163-4453(07)60001-2 id: cord-027641-0ufwlw87 author: nan title: COVID-19 and social distancing date: 2020-06-03 words: 1415.0 sentences: 87.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-027641-0ufwlw87.txt txt: ./txt/cord-027641-0ufwlw87.txt summary: In North America, the "apex" of the epidemic curve is still nowhere in sight but people draw solace from the fact that drastic public health measures in China and South Korea appear to have abated the escalation of number of cases and eventually signifi cantly reduced the incidence of new ones. Spurred by these experiences, Canada, like other countries, adopted social distancing as its most visible public health measure. This pandemic demonstrated once more that an essential target of our practices is to rebuild our patients'' positive social connectedness with peer groups, families, worksites, and communities in general. 2 www.canadianjournalofaddiction.org 5 EDITORIAL (2) Isolation and testing-Every pandemic has its own characteristics and predictions can be diffi cult at the onset. In a few short weeks, we experienced a number of changes in the criteria for entering or leaving isolation, but the relative absence of screening tests and results awaiting 5 to 10 days led to a loss of valuable healthcare resources. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7309640/ doi: 10.1097/cxa.0000000000000081 id: cord-030909-6if3qquj author: nan title: Perspectives on the Economics of the Environment in the Shadow of Coronavirus date: 2020-08-27 words: 28248.0 sentences: 1347.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-030909-6if3qquj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-030909-6if3qquj.txt summary: Based on these points, it becomes clear that a green recovery plan with resources directed towards achieving the combined objective of both providing the necessary economic stimuli for recovery and also promoting the transition to a low-carbon economy and adaptation to climate change along with investment in natural capital and increase in comprehensive savings could be a feasible and efficient plan. The current global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions trajectory indicates that the world is likely to experience catastrophic consequences due to climate change, unless swift action is taken towards funding green solutions and the defunding of fossil fuel activities ( Given the ambition of the European Union to become a net zero-carbon economy by 2050 and the numerous calls to avoid the bailout and stimulus packages towards fossil fuel companies , we examine whether the features of the European Central Bank''s (ECB) €1350 billion Pandemic Emergency Purchase Programme (PEPP) encourages the resilience of the incumbent fossil fuel sector, or whether it promotes the growth of the emerging low-carbon energy sector during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7450147/ doi: 10.1007/s10640-020-00493-2 id: cord-354779-5jbehcb6 author: nan title: Confronting the Pandemic Superthreat of Climate Change and Urbanization date: 2019-12-31 words: 5749.0 sentences: 323.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354779-5jbehcb6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354779-5jbehcb6.txt summary: One especially tragic example is the "Black Death" of the mid-fourteenth century, which killed upwards of 75 million people in Europe and Asia and likely was caused by climatic changes that stimulated the growth of the rodent population. More aggressive action is required to resolve, or at least mitigate, the immediate consequences and near-horizon disasters looming as a result of climate change and increasing urbanization-especially regarding the possibility of a pandemic. 38 Several arms of the U.S. government, including the Department of State (DoS), the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), are actively combatting disease and climate change around the world. It is essential to expand partnerships with and support the World Health Organization (WHO), USAID, and others to add facilities, provide training, conduct services in the most vulnerable areas, and help cities better plan for expansion and a proper balance of interaction between humans, animals, and 80 Johns Hopkins, "Technologies to Address Global Catastrophic Biological Risks," p. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orbis.2019.08.006 doi: 10.1016/j.orbis.2019.08.006 id: cord-011757-11r3dnse author: van Wijhe, Maarten title: Loose Ends in the Epidemiology of the 1918 Pandemic: Explaining the Extreme Mortality Risk in Young Adults date: 2018-09-06 words: 4372.0 sentences: 225.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-011757-11r3dnse.txt txt: ./txt/cord-011757-11r3dnse.txt summary: We address the hypothesis of "original antigenic sin" (1)-that early childhood exposure may determine death risk during influenza pandemics encountered later in life-which may explain why some age cohorts fared differently in this pandemic. This hypothesis has brewed for some time (2) , and detailed analyses of 1918 data from Kentucky (3) as well as analysis of the dramatically different age patterns among victims of avian H5N1 and H7N9 influenza who were born before and after the 1968 pandemic (4-6) have brought new steam to this old question. To further investigate the age-related patterns of death rates and risk change points in 1918, we analyzed monthly all-cause and age-stratified mortality data from Copenhagen to address the antigenic sin hypothesis. So far, the observation that adults older than 45 years suffered no excess mortality in cities like New York City and in Copenhagen has been interpreted as evidence of "recycling" of the H1 antigen that age group had encountered during their childhood some 50 years earlier (18, 20) . abstract: In the century since the 1918 influenza pandemic, insights have been sought to explain the pandemic’s signature pattern of high death rates in young adults and low death rates in the elderly and infants. Our understanding of the origin and evolution of the pandemic has shifted considerably. We review evidence of the characteristic age-related pattern of death during the 1918 pandemic relative to the “original antigenic sin” hypothesis. We analyze age-stratified mortality data from Copenhagen around 1918 to identify break points associated with unusual death risk. Whereas infants had no meaningful risk elevation, death risk gradually increased, peaking for young adults 20–34 years of age before dropping sharply for adults ages 35–44 years, suggesting break points for birth cohorts around 1908 and 1878. Taken together with data from previous studies, there is strong evidence that those born before 1878 or after 1908 were not at increased risk of dying of 1918 pandemic influenza. Although the peak death risk coincided with the 1889–1892 pandemic, the 1908 and 1878 break points do not correspond with known pandemics. An increasing number of interdisciplinary studies covering fields such as virology, phylogenetics, death, and serology offer exciting insights into patterns and reasons for the unusual extreme 1918 pandemic mortality risk in young adults. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7314280/ doi: 10.1093/aje/kwy148 id: cord-340616-5vtgd46s author: ÇETİN, Ceren title: Global surveillance, travel, and trade during a pandemic date: 2020-04-21 words: 3973.0 sentences: 193.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340616-5vtgd46s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340616-5vtgd46s.txt summary: National pandemic influenza risk evaluation aims at determining the probability and outcomes of events affecting public health at a global, national, and local level. For an adequate risk assessment and a follow of a probable case, the patients should be provided with disease-preventing messages, health statements should be collected upon entry, and contact information of the passengers should be obtained, which would be much more efficient [18] . The management of ill passengers in the context of present COVID-19 disease pandemic in international airports, harbors, and motorway/road gates should include measures to be implemented according to the priorities and capacities of each country. Crew and ground personnel should be informed on and frequently reminded of measures preventing the spread of COVID-19 including social distancing, hand hygiene, respiratory etiquette, environmental cleaning, waste disposal, when and how to wear masks, and avoiding contact with people showing respiratory symptoms. abstract: Pandemics have had very important consequences in human history. Lots of people lost their lives and countries have been intensively affected in terms of socioeconomic problems. Unfortunately, avoidance of pandemics and limiting the spread are still currently not always possible. Maybe the most important factor for this is the increasing frequency of traveling. Increasing airline traveling rate also increases the rate of spread. Global organizations like the World Health Organization and United Nations are trying to play a supreme role over the countries. Pandemics do not have borders; therefore, efforts should be given globally, definition of pandemic should be established as soon as possible, and protective measures should be shared with countries. If these are not done, severe health consequences and serious economic problems are inevitable. url: https://doi.org/10.3906/sag-2004-175 doi: 10.3906/sag-2004-175 ==== make-pages.sh questions [ERIC WAS HERE] ==== make-pages.sh search /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/make-pages.sh: line 77: /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/tmp/search.htm: No such file or directory Traceback (most recent call last): File "/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/tsv2htm-search.py", line 51, in with open( TEMPLATE, 'r' ) as handle : htm = handle.read() FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/tmp/search.htm' ==== make-pages.sh topic modeling corpus Zipping study carrel