id sid tid token lemma pos cord-013275-n7sf5ude 1 1 key key JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 1 2 : : : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 1 3 cord-013275-n7sf5ude cord-013275-n7sf5ude NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 1 4 authors author NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 1 5 : : : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 1 6 Drake Drake NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 1 7 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 1 8 Tom Tom NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 1 9 ; ; : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 1 10 Chalabi Chalabi NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 1 11 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 1 12 Zaid Zaid NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 1 13 ; ; : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 1 14 Coker Coker NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 1 15 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 1 16 Richard Richard NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 1 17 title title NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 1 18 : : : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 1 19 Buy buy VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 1 20 now now RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 1 21 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 1 22 saved save VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 1 23 later later RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 1 24 ? ? . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 2 1 The the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 2 2 critical critical JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 2 3 impact impact NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 2 4 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 2 5 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 2 6 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 2 7 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 2 8 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 2 9 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 2 10 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 2 11 on on IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 2 12 pandemic pandemic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 2 13 cost cost NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 2 14 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 2 15 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 2 16 analyses analysis NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 2 17 date date NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 2 18 : : : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 2 19 2013 2013 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 2 20 - - SYM cord-013275-n7sf5ude 2 21 12 12 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 2 22 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 2 23 24 24 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 2 24 journal journal NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 2 25 : : : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 3 1 Health Health NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 3 2 Policy policy NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 3 3 Plan Plan NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 3 4 DOI doi NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 3 5 : : : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 4 1 10.1093 10.1093 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 4 2 / / SYM cord-013275-n7sf5ude 4 3 heapol heapol NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 4 4 / / SYM cord-013275-n7sf5ude 4 5 czt101 czt101 NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 4 6 sha sha NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 4 7 : : : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 4 8 8048bd8d95c88470a6850dff2fca70b464a1cfea 8048bd8d95c88470a6850dff2fca70b464a1cfea CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 4 9 doc_id doc_id CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 4 10 : : : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 5 1 13275 13275 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 5 2 cord_uid cord_uid NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 5 3 : : : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 6 1 n7sf5ude n7sf5ude NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 6 2 Background Background NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 6 3 Investment Investment NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 6 4 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 6 5 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 6 6 preparedness preparedness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 6 7 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 6 8 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 6 9 long long JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 6 10 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 6 11 term term NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 6 12 gamble gamble NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 6 13 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 6 14 with with IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 6 15 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 6 16 return return NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 6 17 on on IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 6 18 investment investment NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 6 19 coming come VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 6 20 at at IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 6 21 an an DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 6 22 unknown unknown JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 6 23 point point NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 6 24 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 6 25 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 6 26 future future NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 6 27 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 7 1 Many many JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 7 2 countries country NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 7 3 have have VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 7 4 chosen choose VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 7 5 to to TO cord-013275-n7sf5ude 7 6 stockpile stockpile VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 7 7 key key JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 7 8 resources resource NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 7 9 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 7 10 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 7 11 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 7 12 number number NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 7 13 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 7 14 pandemic pandemic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 7 15 economic economic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 7 16 evaluations evaluation NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 7 17 has have VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 7 18 risen rise VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 7 19 sharply sharply RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 7 20 since since IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 7 21 2009 2009 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 7 22 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 8 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 8 2 assess assess VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 8 3 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 8 4 importance importance NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 8 5 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 8 6 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 8 7 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 8 8 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 8 9 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 8 10 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 8 11 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 8 12 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 8 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 8 14 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 8 15 associated associated JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 8 16 discounting discount VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 8 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 8 18 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 8 19 pandemic pandemic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 8 20 economic economic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 8 21 evaluation evaluation NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 8 22 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 8 23 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 8 24 factor factor NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 8 25 frequently frequently RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 8 26 neglected neglect VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 8 27 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 8 28 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 8 29 literature literature NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 8 30 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 8 31 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 8 32 date date NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 8 33 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 9 1 Methods method NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 10 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 10 2 use use VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 10 3 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 10 4 probability probability NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 10 5 tree tree NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 10 6 model model NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 10 7 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 10 8 Monte Monte NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 10 9 Carlo Carlo NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 10 10 parameter parameter NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 10 11 sampling sampling NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 10 12 to to TO cord-013275-n7sf5ude 10 13 consider consider VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 10 14 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 10 15 cost cost NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 10 16 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 10 17 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 10 18 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 10 19 stockpiling stockpiling NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 10 20 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 10 21 Cambodia Cambodia NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 10 22 under under IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 10 23 parameter parameter NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 10 24 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 10 25 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 11 1 Mean mean JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 11 2 elasticity elasticity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 11 3 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 11 4 mutual mutual JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 11 5 information information NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 11 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 11 7 MI MI NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 11 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 11 9 are be VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 11 10 used use VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 11 11 to to TO cord-013275-n7sf5ude 11 12 assess assess VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 11 13 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 11 14 importance importance NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 11 15 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 11 16 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 11 17 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 11 18 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 11 19 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 11 20 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 11 21 compared compare VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 11 22 with with IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 11 23 other other JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 11 24 parameters parameter NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 11 25 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 12 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 12 2 also also RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 12 3 consider consider VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 12 4 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 12 5 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 12 6 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 12 7 choice choice NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 12 8 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 12 9 sampling sampling NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 12 10 distribution distribution NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 12 11 used use VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 12 12 to to TO cord-013275-n7sf5ude 12 13 model model VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 12 14 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 12 15 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 12 16 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 12 17 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 12 18 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 12 19 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 12 20 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 13 1 Results Results NNPS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 13 2 Time Time NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 13 3 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 13 4 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 13 5 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 13 6 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 13 7 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 13 8 discount discount NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 13 9 rate rate NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 13 10 are be VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 13 11 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 13 12 primary primary JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 13 13 drivers driver NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 13 14 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 13 15 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 13 16 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 13 17 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 13 18 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 13 19 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 13 20 cost cost NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 13 21 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 13 22 models model NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 13 23 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 14 1 Base base NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 14 2 case case NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 14 3 cost cost VBD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 14 4 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 14 5 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 14 6 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 14 7 stockpiling stockpiling NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 14 8 ranged range VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 14 9 between between IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 14 10 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 14 11 US$ us$ $ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 14 12 112 112 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 14 13 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 14 14 US$ us$ $ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 14 15 3599 3599 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 14 16 per per IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 14 17 DALY DALY NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 14 18 averted avert VBD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 14 19 using use VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 14 20 historical historical JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 14 21 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 14 22 intervals interval NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 14 23 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 14 24 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 14 25 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 14 26 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 14 27 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 14 28 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 14 29 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 15 1 The the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 15 2 mean mean JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 15 3 elasticities elasticity NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 15 4 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 15 5 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 15 6 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 15 7 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 15 8 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 15 9 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 15 10 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 15 11 discount discount NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 15 12 rate rate NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 15 13 were be VBD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 15 14 greater great JJR cord-013275-n7sf5ude 15 15 than than IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 15 16 all all DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 15 17 other other JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 15 18 parameters parameter NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 15 19 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 16 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 16 2 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 16 3 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 16 4 MI MI NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 16 5 scores score NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 16 6 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 16 7 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 16 8 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 16 9 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 16 10 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 16 11 discount discount NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 16 12 rate rate NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 16 13 were be VBD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 16 14 greater great JJR cord-013275-n7sf5ude 16 15 than than IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 16 16 other other JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 16 17 parameters parameter NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 16 18 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 17 1 Time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 17 2 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 17 3 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 17 4 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 17 5 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 17 6 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 17 7 discount discount NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 17 8 rate rate NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 17 9 were be VBD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 17 10 key key JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 17 11 drivers driver NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 17 12 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 17 13 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 17 14 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 17 15 cost cost NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 17 16 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 17 17 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 17 18 results result NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 17 19 regardless regardless RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 17 20 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 17 21 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 17 22 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 17 23 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 17 24 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 17 25 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 17 26 sampling sampling NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 17 27 distribution distribution NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 17 28 choice choice NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 17 29 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 18 1 Conclusions Conclusions NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 18 2 Time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 18 3 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 18 4 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 18 5 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 18 6 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 18 7 assumptions assumption NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 18 8 can can MD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 18 9 “ " `` cord-013275-n7sf5ude 18 10 substantially substantially RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 18 11 ” " '' cord-013275-n7sf5ude 18 12 affect affect VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 18 13 cost cost NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 18 14 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 18 15 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 18 16 results result NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 18 17 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 18 18 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 18 19 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 18 20 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 18 21 model model NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 18 22 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 18 23 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 18 24 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 18 25 greater great JJR cord-013275-n7sf5ude 18 26 contributor contributor NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 18 27 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 18 28 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 18 29 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 18 30 cost cost NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 18 31 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 18 32 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 18 33 results result NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 18 34 than than IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 18 35 any any DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 18 36 other other JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 18 37 parameter parameter NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 18 38 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 19 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 19 2 strongly strongly RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 19 3 recommend recommend VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 19 4 that that DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 19 5 cost cost NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 19 6 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 19 7 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 19 8 models model NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 19 9 include include VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 19 10 probabilistic probabilistic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 19 11 analysis analysis NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 19 12 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 19 13 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 19 14 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 19 15 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 19 16 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 19 17 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 19 18 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 19 19 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 20 1 Pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 20 2 influenza influenza NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 20 3 events event NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 20 4 have have VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 20 5 occurred occur VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 20 6 repeatedly repeatedly RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 20 7 throughout throughout IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 20 8 history history NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 20 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 20 10 Potter Potter NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 20 11 2001 2001 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 20 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 20 13 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 21 1 The the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 21 2 recent recent JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 21 3 re re NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 21 4 - - NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 21 5 emergence emergence NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 21 6 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 21 7 highly highly RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 21 8 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 21 9 avian avian JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 21 10 influenza influenza NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 21 11 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 22 1 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 22 2 2003 2003 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 22 3 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 22 4 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 22 5 less less RBR cord-013275-n7sf5ude 22 6 fatal fatal JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 22 7 but but CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 22 8 more more RBR cord-013275-n7sf5ude 22 9 transmissible transmissible JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 22 10 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 22 11 swine swine NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 22 12 influenza influenza NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 22 13 strain strain NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 22 14 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 22 15 2009 2009 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 22 16 have have VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 22 17 pushed push VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 22 18 pandemic pandemic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 22 19 influenza influenza NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 22 20 up up IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 22 21 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 22 22 public public JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 22 23 health health NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 22 24 policy policy NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 22 25 agenda agenda NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 22 26 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 23 1 As as IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 23 2 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 23 3 consequence consequence NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 23 4 funds fund NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 23 5 earmarked earmark VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 23 6 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 23 7 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 23 8 influenza influenza NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 23 9 preparedness preparedness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 23 10 have have VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 23 11 risen rise VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 23 12 markedly markedly RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 23 13 over over IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 23 14 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 23 15 past past JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 23 16 decade decade NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 23 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 23 18 United United NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 23 19 Nations Nations NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 23 20 System System NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 23 21 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 23 22 Coordinator Coordinator NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 23 23 2010 2010 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 23 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 23 25 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 24 1 Correspondingly correspondingly RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 24 2 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 24 3 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 24 4 number number NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 24 5 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 24 6 economic economic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 24 7 evaluation evaluation NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 24 8 or or CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 24 9 costeffectiveness costeffectiveness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 24 10 studies study NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 24 11 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 24 12 pandemic pandemic NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 24 13 influenza influenza NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 24 14 investment investment NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 24 15 options option NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 24 16 has have VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 24 17 also also RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 24 18 increased increase VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 24 19 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 25 1 A a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 25 2 recent recent JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 25 3 systematic systematic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 25 4 review review NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 25 5 by by IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 25 6 Pérez Pérez NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 25 7 Velasco Velasco NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 25 8 et et NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 25 9 al al NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 25 10 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 26 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 26 2 2012 2012 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 26 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 26 4 indicates indicate VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 26 5 that that IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 26 6 there there EX cord-013275-n7sf5ude 26 7 have have VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 26 8 been be VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 26 9 44 44 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 26 10 such such JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 26 11 studies study NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 26 12 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 26 13 date date NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 26 14 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 27 1 Methodology methodology NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 27 2 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 27 3 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 27 4 economic economic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 27 5 evaluation evaluation NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 27 6 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 27 7 pandemic pandemic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 27 8 preparedness preparedness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 27 9 investments investment NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 27 10 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 27 11 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 27 12 public public JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 27 13 health health NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 27 14 interventions intervention NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 27 15 generally generally RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 27 16 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 27 17 draws draw VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 27 18 on on IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 27 19 methods method NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 27 20 developed develop VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 27 21 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 27 22 health health NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 27 23 technology technology NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 27 24 assessment assessment NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 27 25 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 28 1 Methodological methodological JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 28 2 challenges challenge NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 28 3 raised raise VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 28 4 by by IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 28 5 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 28 6 more more RBR cord-013275-n7sf5ude 28 7 complex complex JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 28 8 decision decision NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 28 9 context context NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 28 10 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 28 11 public public JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 28 12 health health NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 28 13 investment investment NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 28 14 including include VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 28 15 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 28 16 influenza influenza NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 28 17 preparedness preparedness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 28 18 are be VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 28 19 still still RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 28 20 being be VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 28 21 identified identify VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 28 22 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 28 23 addressed address VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 28 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 28 25 Weatherly Weatherly NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 28 26 et et NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 28 27 al al NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 28 28 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 28 29 2009 2009 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 29 1 ; ; : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 29 2 Drake Drake NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 29 3 et et NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 29 4 al al NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 29 5 . . NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 29 6 2012 2012 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 29 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 29 8 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 30 1 Uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 30 2 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 30 3 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 30 4 characteristic characteristic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 30 5 feature feature NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 30 6 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 30 7 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 30 8 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 30 9 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 31 1 There there EX cord-013275-n7sf5ude 31 2 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 31 3 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 31 4 risk risk NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 31 5 that that IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 31 6 an an DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 31 7 as as RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 31 8 yet yet RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 31 9 unknown unknown JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 31 10 highly highly RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 31 11 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 31 12 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 31 13 highly highly RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 31 14 transmissible transmissible JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 31 15 pathogen pathogen NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 31 16 will will MD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 31 17 emerge emerge VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 31 18 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 31 19 cause cause VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 31 20 substantial substantial JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 31 21 mortality mortality NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 31 22 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 31 23 morbidity morbidity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 31 24 worldwide worldwide RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 31 25 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 32 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 32 2 do do VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 32 3 not not RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 32 4 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 32 5 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 32 6 perhaps perhaps RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 32 7 can can MD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 32 8 not not RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 32 9 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 32 10 know know VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 32 11 when when WRB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 32 12 this this DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 32 13 will will MD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 32 14 happen happen VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 32 15 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 32 16 how how WRB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 32 17 virulent virulent JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 32 18 or or CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 32 19 how how WRB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 32 20 infectious infectious JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 32 21 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 32 22 novel novel JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 32 23 pathogen pathogen NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 32 24 will will MD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 32 25 be be VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 32 26 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 33 1 In in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 33 2 general general JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 33 3 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 33 4 healthcare healthcare NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 33 5 economic economic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 33 6 evaluations evaluation NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 33 7 make make VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 33 8 an an DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 33 9 implicit implicit JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 33 10 assumption assumption NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 33 11 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 33 12 consistency consistency NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 33 13 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 33 14 health health NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 33 15 burden burden NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 33 16 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 34 1 An an DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 34 2 analysis analysis NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 34 3 based base VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 34 4 on on IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 34 5 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 34 6 clinical clinical JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 34 7 trial trial NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 34 8 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 34 9 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 34 10 example example NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 34 11 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 34 12 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 34 13 only only RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 34 14 relevant relevant JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 34 15 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 34 16 policy policy NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 34 17 making making NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 34 18 if if IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 34 19 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 34 20 evaluation evaluation NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 34 21 context context NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 34 22 remains remain VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 34 23 reasonably reasonably RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 34 24 consistent consistent JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 34 25 over over IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 34 26 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 34 27 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 35 1 In in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 35 2 contrast contrast NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 35 3 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 35 4 this this DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 35 5 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 35 6 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 35 7 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 35 8 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 35 9 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 35 10 one one CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 35 11 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 35 12 off off RP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 35 13 event event NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 35 14 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 35 15 although although IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 35 16 there there EX cord-013275-n7sf5ude 35 17 may may MD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 35 18 be be VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 35 19 similarities similarity NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 35 20 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 35 21 previous previous JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 35 22 pandemics pandemic NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 35 23 it -PRON- PRP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 35 24 will will MD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 35 25 nevertheless nevertheless RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 35 26 be be VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 35 27 fundamentally fundamentally RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 35 28 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 35 29 unpredictably unpredictably RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 35 30 different different JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 35 31 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 36 1 A a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 36 2 key key JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 36 3 challenge challenge NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 36 4 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 36 5 pandemic pandemic NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 36 6 influenza influenza NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 36 7 health health NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 36 8 economists economist NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 36 9 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 36 10 to to TO cord-013275-n7sf5ude 36 11 model model VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 36 12 prospectively prospectively RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 36 13 ; ; : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 36 14 considering consider VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 36 15 how how WRB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 36 16 future future JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 36 17 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 36 18 events event NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 36 19 could could MD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 36 20 present present VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 36 21 differently differently RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 36 22 from from IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 36 23 past past JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 36 24 events event NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 36 25 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 37 1 Sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 37 2 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 37 3 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 37 4 analysis analysis NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 37 5 are be VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 37 6 separate separate JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 37 7 but but CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 37 8 related related JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 37 9 approaches approach NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 37 10 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 37 11 assessing assess VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 37 12 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 37 13 influence influence NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 37 14 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 37 15 input input NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 37 16 model model NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 37 17 parameters parameter NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 37 18 on on IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 37 19 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 37 20 outcome outcome NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 37 21 result result NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 37 22 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 38 1 These these DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 38 2 terms term NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 38 3 are be VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 38 4 sometimes sometimes RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 38 5 used use VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 38 6 interchangeably interchangeably RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 39 1 but but CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 39 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 39 3 use use VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 39 4 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 39 5 concept concept NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 39 6 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 39 7 ' ' `` cord-013275-n7sf5ude 39 8 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 39 9 ' ' '' cord-013275-n7sf5ude 39 10 to to TO cord-013275-n7sf5ude 39 11 refer refer VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 39 12 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 39 13 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 39 14 degree degree NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 39 15 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 39 16 change change NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 39 17 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 39 18 model model NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 39 19 output output NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 39 20 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 39 21 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 39 22 given give VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 39 23 change change NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 39 24 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 39 25 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 39 26 model model NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 39 27 input input NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 39 28 parameter parameter NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 39 29 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 40 1 In in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 40 2 contrast contrast NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 40 3 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 40 4 ' ' `` cord-013275-n7sf5ude 40 5 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 40 6 ' ' '' cord-013275-n7sf5ude 40 7 has have VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 40 8 Bayesian bayesian JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 40 9 connotations connotation NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 40 10 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 40 11 has have VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 40 12 been be VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 40 13 defined define VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 40 14 as as IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 40 15 ' ' '' cord-013275-n7sf5ude 40 16 any any DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 40 17 deviation deviation NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 40 18 from from IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 40 19 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 40 20 unachievable unachievable JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 40 21 ideal ideal NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 40 22 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 40 23 completely completely RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 40 24 deterministic deterministic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 40 25 knowledge knowledge NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 40 26 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 40 27 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 40 28 relevant relevant JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 40 29 system system NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 40 30 ' ' '' cord-013275-n7sf5ude 40 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 40 32 Walker Walker NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 40 33 et et NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 40 34 al al NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 40 35 . . NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 40 36 2003 2003 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 40 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 40 38 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 41 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 41 2 consider consider VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 41 3 attributable attributable JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 41 4 model model NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 41 5 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 41 6 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 41 7 terms term NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 41 8 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 41 9 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 41 10 total total JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 41 11 imprecision imprecision NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 41 12 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 41 13 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 41 14 model model NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 41 15 output output NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 41 16 due due IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 41 17 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 41 18 imprecision imprecision NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 41 19 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 41 20 one one CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 41 21 or or CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 41 22 more more JJR cord-013275-n7sf5ude 41 23 parameter parameter NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 41 24 inputs input NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 41 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 41 26 O'Hagan O'Hagan NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 41 27 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 41 28 Luce Luce NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 41 29 2003 2003 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 41 30 ; ; : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 41 31 Cooper Cooper NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 41 32 et et NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 41 33 al al NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 41 34 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 41 35 2004 2004 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 41 36 ; ; : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 41 37 Duintjer Duintjer NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 41 38 Tebbens Tebbens NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 41 39 et et FW cord-013275-n7sf5ude 41 40 al al NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 41 41 . . NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 41 42 2008 2008 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 41 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 41 44 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 42 1 Pandemic pandemic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 42 2 economic economic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 42 3 evaluations evaluation NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 42 4 often often RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 42 5 consider consider VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 42 6 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 42 7 single single JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 42 8 base base NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 42 9 case case NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 42 10 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 42 11 scenario scenario NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 42 12 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 42 13 then then RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 42 14 explore explore VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 42 15 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 42 16 small small JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 42 17 number number NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 42 18 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 42 19 variations variation NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 42 20 from from IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 42 21 this this DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 42 22 base base NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 42 23 case case NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 42 24 using use VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 42 25 univariate univariate JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 42 26 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 42 27 analysis analysis NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 42 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 42 29 e.g. e.g. RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 42 30 Eynard Eynard NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 42 31 et et NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 42 32 al al NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 42 33 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 42 34 2004 2004 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 42 35 ; ; : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 42 36 Halder Halder NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 42 37 et et NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 42 38 al al NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 42 39 . . NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 42 40 2011 2011 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 42 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 42 42 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 43 1 Pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 43 2 ' ' POS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 43 3 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 43 4 ' ' '' cord-013275-n7sf5ude 43 5 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 43 6 usually usually RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 43 7 not not RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 43 8 given give VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 43 9 special special JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 43 10 attention attention NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 43 11 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 43 12 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 43 13 parameters parameter NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 43 14 included include VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 43 15 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 43 16 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 43 17 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 43 18 analysis analysis NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 43 19 vary vary VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 43 20 between between IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 43 21 studies study NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 43 22 with with IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 43 23 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 43 24 attack attack NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 43 25 rate rate NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 43 26 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 43 27 mortality mortality NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 43 28 rate rate NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 43 29 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 43 30 particularly particularly RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 43 31 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 43 32 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 43 33 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 43 34 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 43 35 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 43 36 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 43 37 all all DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 43 38 omitted omit VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 43 39 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 43 40 different different JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 43 41 studies study NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 43 42 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 43 43 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 43 44 date date NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 43 45 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 44 1 A a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 44 2 more more RBR cord-013275-n7sf5ude 44 3 robust robust JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 44 4 approach approach NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 44 5 than than IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 44 6 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 44 7 simple simple JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 44 8 deterministic deterministic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 44 9 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 44 10 analysis analysis NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 44 11 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 44 12 to to TO cord-013275-n7sf5ude 44 13 simulate simulate VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 44 14 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 44 15 large large JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 44 16 number number NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 44 17 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 44 18 scenarios scenario NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 44 19 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 44 20 drawing draw VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 44 21 new new JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 44 22 parameter parameter NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 44 23 results result NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 44 24 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 44 25 each each DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 44 26 scenario scenario NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 44 27 according accord VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 44 28 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 44 29 predefined predefined JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 44 30 probability probability NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 44 31 distributions distribution NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 44 32 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 45 1 This this DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 45 2 method method NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 45 3 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 45 4 known know VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 45 5 as as IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 45 6 ' ' '' cord-013275-n7sf5ude 45 7 Monte Monte NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 45 8 Carlo Carlo NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 45 9 ' ' POS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 45 10 sampling sampling NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 45 11 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 45 12 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 45 13 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 45 14 health health NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 45 15 economics economic NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 45 16 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 45 17 increasingly increasingly RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 45 18 used use VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 45 19 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 45 20 probabilistic probabilistic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 45 21 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 45 22 analysis analysis NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 45 23 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 46 1 However however RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 46 2 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 46 3 Monte Monte NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 46 4 Carlo Carlo NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 46 5 sampling sampling NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 46 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 46 7 or or CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 46 8 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 46 9 stratified stratified JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 46 10 version version NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 46 11 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 46 12 Latin Latin NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 46 13 Hypercube Hypercube NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 46 14 Sampling Sampling NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 46 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 46 16 can can MD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 46 17 also also RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 46 18 be be VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 46 19 used use VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 46 20 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 46 21 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 46 22 analysis analysis NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 46 23 or or CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 46 24 even even RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 46 25 replace replace VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 46 26 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 46 27 deterministic deterministic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 46 28 base base NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 46 29 case case NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 46 30 scenario scenario NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 46 31 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 47 1 Many many JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 47 2 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 47 3 economic economic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 47 4 evaluations evaluation NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 47 5 do do VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 47 6 take take VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 47 7 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 47 8 probabilistic probabilistic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 47 9 approach approach NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 47 10 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 47 11 including include VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 47 12 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 47 13 first first JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 47 14 published publish VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 47 15 study study NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 47 16 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 47 17 this this DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 47 18 kind kind NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 47 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 47 20 Meltzer Meltzer NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 47 21 et et NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 47 22 al al NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 47 23 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 47 24 1999 1999 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 47 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 47 26 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 48 1 However however RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 48 2 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 48 3 many many JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 48 4 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 48 5 studies study NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 48 6 present present VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 48 7 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 48 8 single single JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 48 9 base base NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 48 10 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 48 11 case case NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 48 12 scenario scenario NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 48 13 despite despite IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 48 14 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 48 15 choice choice NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 48 16 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 48 17 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 48 18 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 48 19 being be VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 48 20 somewhat somewhat RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 48 21 arbitrary arbitrary JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 48 22 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 49 1 Time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 49 2 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 49 3 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 49 4 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 49 5 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 49 6 - - : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 49 7 does do VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 49 8 it -PRON- PRP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 49 9 affect affect VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 49 10 decision decision NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 49 11 making making NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 49 12 ? ? . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 50 1 To to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 50 2 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 50 3 policy policy NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 50 4 maker maker NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 50 5 or or CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 50 6 public public JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 50 7 health health NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 50 8 planner planner NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 50 9 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 50 10 whether whether IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 50 11 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 50 12 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 50 13 occurs occur VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 50 14 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 50 15 5 5 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 50 16 or or CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 50 17 50 50 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 50 18 years year NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 50 19 makes make VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 50 20 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 50 21 big big JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 50 22 difference difference NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 50 23 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 50 24 terms term NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 50 25 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 50 26 investment investment NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 50 27 choices choice NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 50 28 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 50 29 resource resource NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 50 30 allocation allocation NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 50 31 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 51 1 In in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 51 2 all all DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 51 3 sectors sector NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 51 4 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 51 5 including include VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 51 6 health health NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 51 7 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 51 8 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 51 9 length length NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 51 10 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 51 11 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 51 12 before before IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 51 13 gains gain NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 51 14 or or CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 51 15 losses loss NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 51 16 are be VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 51 17 likely likely JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 51 18 to to TO cord-013275-n7sf5ude 51 19 occur occur VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 51 20 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 51 21 weighed weigh VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 51 22 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 51 23 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 51 24 decision decision NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 51 25 making make VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 51 26 process process NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 51 27 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 52 1 In in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 52 2 economics economic NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 52 3 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 52 4 discounting discount VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 52 5 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 52 6 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 52 7 practice practice NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 52 8 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 52 9 adjusting adjust VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 52 10 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 52 11 value value NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 52 12 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 52 13 future future JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 52 14 gains gain NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 52 15 or or CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 52 16 losses loss NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 52 17 to to TO cord-013275-n7sf5ude 52 18 reflect reflect VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 52 19 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 52 20 present present JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 52 21 day day NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 52 22 equivalent equivalent JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 52 23 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 53 1 This this DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 53 2 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 53 3 applied apply VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 53 4 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 53 5 costs cost NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 53 6 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 53 7 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 53 8 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 53 9 many many JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 53 10 cases case NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 53 11 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 53 12 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 53 13 health health NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 53 14 impact impact NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 53 15 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 53 16 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 53 17 theory theory NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 53 18 reflects reflect VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 53 19 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 53 20 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 53 21 preferences preference NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 53 22 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 53 23 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 53 24 population population NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 53 25 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 54 1 When when WRB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 54 2 undertaking undertake VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 54 3 cost cost NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 54 4 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 54 5 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 54 6 analysis analysis NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 54 7 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 54 8 pandemic pandemic NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 54 9 influenza influenza NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 54 10 investment investment NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 54 11 options option NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 54 12 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 54 13 there there EX cord-013275-n7sf5ude 54 14 are be VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 54 15 four four CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 54 16 general general JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 54 17 ways way NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 54 18 to to TO cord-013275-n7sf5ude 54 19 handle handle VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 54 20 pandemic pandemic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 54 21 timing timing NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 54 22 : : : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 54 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 54 24 1 1 LS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 54 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 54 26 Retrospective retrospective JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 54 27 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 54 28 fixed fix VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 54 29 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 54 30 analysis analysis NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 54 31 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 55 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 55 2 2 2 LS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 55 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 55 4 Prospective prospective JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 55 5 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 55 6 fixed fix VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 55 7 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 55 8 analysis analysis NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 55 9 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 56 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 56 2 3 3 LS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 56 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 56 4 Prospective prospective JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 56 5 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 56 6 deterministic deterministic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 56 7 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 56 8 analysis analysis NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 56 9 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 57 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 57 2 4 4 LS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 57 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 58 1 Prospective prospective JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 58 2 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 58 3 probabilistic probabilistic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 58 4 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 58 5 or or CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 58 6 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 58 7 analysis analysis NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 58 8 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 59 1 TIME time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 59 2 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 59 3 TO to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 59 4 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 59 5 PANDEMIC pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 59 6 UNCERTAINTY uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 59 7 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 59 8 DOES do VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 59 9 IT it PRP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 59 10 MATTER matter VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 59 11 ? ? . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 60 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 60 2 only only RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 60 3 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 60 4 minority minority NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 60 5 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 60 6 pandemic pandemic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 60 7 economic economic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 60 8 evaluations evaluation NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 60 9 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 60 10 date date NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 60 11 include include VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 60 12 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 60 13 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 60 14 analysis analysis NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 60 15 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 60 16 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 60 17 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 60 18 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 60 19 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 60 20 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 60 21 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 61 1 Within within IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 61 2 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 61 3 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 61 4 economic economic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 61 5 evaluations evaluation NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 61 6 included include VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 61 7 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 61 8 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 61 9 review review NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 61 10 by by IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 61 11 Pérez Pérez NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 61 12 Velasco Velasco NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 61 13 et et NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 61 14 al al NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 61 15 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 62 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 62 2 2012 2012 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 62 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 62 4 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 62 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 62 6 identify identify VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 62 7 four four CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 62 8 studies study NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 62 9 that that WDT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 62 10 include include VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 62 11 pandemic pandemic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 62 12 timing timing NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 62 13 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 62 14 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 62 15 univariate univariate JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 62 16 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 62 17 analysis analysis NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 62 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 62 19 Meltzer Meltzer NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 62 20 et et NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 62 21 al al NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 62 22 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 62 23 1999 1999 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 62 24 ; ; : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 62 25 Siddiqui Siddiqui NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 62 26 et et NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 62 27 al al NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 62 28 . . NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 62 29 2008 2008 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 62 30 ; ; : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 62 31 Lee Lee NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 62 32 et et NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 62 33 al al NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 62 34 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 62 35 2009 2009 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 63 1 ; ; : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 63 2 Newall Newall NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 63 3 et et NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 63 4 al al NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 63 5 . . NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 63 6 2010 2010 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 63 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 63 8 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 63 9 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 63 10 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 63 11 further further JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 63 12 three three CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 63 13 that that DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 63 14 model model NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 63 15 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 63 16 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 63 17 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 63 18 timing timing NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 63 19 probabilistically probabilistically RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 64 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 64 2 Balicer Balicer NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 64 3 et et NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 64 4 al al NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 64 5 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 65 1 2005 2005 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 65 2 ; ; : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 65 3 Lugnér Lugnér NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 65 4 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 65 5 Postma Postma NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 65 6 2009a 2009a CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 65 7 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 65 8 b b LS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 65 9 ; ; : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 65 10 Carrasco Carrasco NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 65 11 et et NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 65 12 al al NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 65 13 . . NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 65 14 2011 2011 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 65 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 65 16 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 66 1 Siddiqui Siddiqui NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 66 2 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 66 3 Edmunds Edmunds NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 66 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 66 5 2008 2008 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 66 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 66 7 found find VBD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 66 8 that that IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 66 9 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 66 10 timing timing NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 66 11 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 66 12 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 66 13 second second RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 66 14 largest large JJS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 66 15 source source NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 66 16 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 66 17 parameter parameter NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 66 18 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 66 19 after after IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 66 20 mortality mortality NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 66 21 rate rate NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 66 22 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 66 23 while while IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 66 24 Meltzer Meltzer NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 66 25 et et NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 66 26 al al NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 66 27 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 67 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 67 2 1999 1999 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 67 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 67 4 find find VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 67 5 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 67 6 results result NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 67 7 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 67 8 implications implication NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 67 9 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 67 10 policy policy NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 67 11 ' ' `` cord-013275-n7sf5ude 67 12 depend depend VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 67 13 most most RBS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 68 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 68 2 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 68 3 emphasis emphasis NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 68 4 ] ] -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 68 5 on on IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 68 6 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 68 7 assumed assumed JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 68 8 probability probability NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 68 9 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 68 10 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 68 11 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 68 12 ' ' '' cord-013275-n7sf5ude 68 13 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 68 14 although although IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 68 15 they -PRON- PRP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 68 16 do do VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 68 17 not not RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 68 18 include include VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 68 19 this this DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 68 20 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 68 21 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 68 22 probabilistic probabilistic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 68 23 analysis analysis NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 68 24 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 69 1 To to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 69 2 date date NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 69 3 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 69 4 all all DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 69 5 probabilistic probabilistic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 69 6 models model NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 69 7 assume assume VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 69 8 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 69 9 Poisson Poisson NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 69 10 stochastic stochastic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 69 11 process process NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 69 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 69 13 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 69 14 sequence sequence NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 69 15 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 69 16 discrete discrete JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 69 17 events event NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 69 18 where where WRB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 69 19 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 69 20 times time NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 69 21 between between IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 69 22 successive successive JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 69 23 events event NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 69 24 are be VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 69 25 independent independent JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 69 26 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 69 27 exponentially exponentially RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 69 28 distributed distribute VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 69 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 69 30 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 69 31 expressed express VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 69 32 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 69 33 some some DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 69 34 studies study NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 69 35 as as IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 69 36 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 69 37 constant constant JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 69 38 annual annual JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 69 39 probability probability NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 69 40 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 69 41 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 69 42 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 69 43 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 70 1 The the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 70 2 implicit implicit JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 70 3 assumption assumption NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 70 4 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 70 5 that that IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 70 6 emergence emergence NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 70 7 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 70 8 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 70 9 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 70 10 event event NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 70 11 has have VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 70 12 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 70 13 constant constant JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 70 14 year year NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 70 15 on on IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 70 16 year year NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 70 17 probability probability NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 70 18 driven drive VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 70 19 by by IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 70 20 random random JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 70 21 mutation mutation NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 70 22 or or CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 70 23 re re NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 70 24 - - NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 70 25 assortment assortment JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 70 26 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 70 27 which which WDT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 70 28 eventually eventually RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 70 29 produces produce VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 70 30 an an DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 70 31 influenza influenza NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 70 32 strain strain NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 70 33 that that WDT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 70 34 results result NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 70 35 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 70 36 effective effective JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 70 37 humanto humanto JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 70 38 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 70 39 human human JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 70 40 transmission transmission NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 70 41 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 70 42 thus thus RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 70 43 has have VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 70 44 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 70 45 potential potential NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 70 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 70 47 Webster Webster NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 70 48 1997 1997 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 70 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 70 50 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 71 1 While while IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 71 2 viral viral JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 71 3 mutation mutation NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 71 4 will will MD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 71 5 be be VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 71 6 important important JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 71 7 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 71 8 there there EX cord-013275-n7sf5ude 71 9 are be VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 71 10 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 71 11 range range NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 71 12 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 71 13 socio socio JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 71 14 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 71 15 economic economic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 71 16 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 71 17 environmental environmental JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 71 18 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 71 19 ecological ecological JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 71 20 factors factor NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 71 21 which which WDT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 71 22 may may MD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 71 23 influence influence VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 71 24 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 71 25 emergence emergence NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 71 26 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 71 27 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 71 28 future future JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 71 29 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 71 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 71 31 Jones Jones NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 71 32 et et NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 71 33 al al NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 71 34 . . NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 71 35 2008 2008 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 71 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 71 37 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 72 1 The the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 72 2 probability probability NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 72 3 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 72 4 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 72 5 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 72 6 event event NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 72 7 that that WDT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 72 8 arises arise VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 72 9 from from IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 72 10 these these DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 72 11 complex complex JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 72 12 factors factor NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 72 13 may may MD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 72 14 not not RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 72 15 be be VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 72 16 well well RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 72 17 characterized characterize VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 72 18 by by IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 72 19 Poisson Poisson NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 72 20 stochasticity stochasticity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 72 21 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 73 1 Pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 73 2 preparedness preparedness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 73 3 measures measure VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 73 4 such such JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 73 5 as as IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 73 6 stockpiling stockpiling NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 73 7 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 73 8 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 73 9 therapies therapy NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 73 10 or or CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 73 11 personal personal JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 73 12 protective protective JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 73 13 equipment equipment NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 73 14 require require VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 73 15 an an DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 73 16 upfront upfront JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 73 17 investment investment NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 73 18 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 73 19 an an DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 73 20 unknown unknown JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 73 21 benefit benefit NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 73 22 at at IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 73 23 an an DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 73 24 unknown unknown JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 73 25 point point NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 73 26 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 73 27 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 73 28 future future NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 73 29 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 74 1 The the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 74 2 aim aim NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 74 3 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 74 4 this this DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 74 5 study study NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 74 6 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 74 7 to to TO cord-013275-n7sf5ude 74 8 establish establish VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 74 9 whether whether IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 74 10 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 74 11 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 74 12 when when WRB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 74 13 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 74 14 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 74 15 will will MD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 74 16 next next RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 74 17 occur occur VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 74 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 74 19 henceforth henceforth RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 74 20 ' ' `` cord-013275-n7sf5ude 74 21 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 74 22 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 74 23 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 74 24 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 74 25 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 74 26 ' ' '' cord-013275-n7sf5ude 74 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 74 28 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 74 29 important important JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 74 30 when when WRB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 74 31 evaluating evaluate VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 74 32 whether whether IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 74 33 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 74 34 preparedness preparedness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 74 35 activities activity NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 74 36 are be VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 74 37 an an DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 74 38 efficient efficient JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 74 39 use use NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 74 40 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 74 41 scarce scarce JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 74 42 resources resource NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 74 43 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 75 1 Is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 75 2 calculation calculation NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 75 3 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 75 4 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 75 5 cost cost NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 75 6 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 75 7 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 75 8 ratio ratio NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 75 9 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 75 10 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 75 11 changes change NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 75 12 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 75 13 assumptions assumption NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 75 14 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 75 15 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 75 16 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 75 17 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 75 18 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 75 19 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 75 20 ? ? . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 76 1 Is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 76 2 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 76 3 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 76 4 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 76 5 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 76 6 pandemic pandemic VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 76 7 an an DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 76 8 important important JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 76 9 driver driver NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 76 10 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 76 11 total total JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 76 12 model model NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 76 13 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 76 14 ? ? . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 77 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 77 2 explore explore VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 77 3 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 77 4 importance importance NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 77 5 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 77 6 this this DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 77 7 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 77 8 when when WRB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 77 9 using use VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 77 10 standard standard JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 77 11 cost cost NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 77 12 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 77 13 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 77 14 methods method NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 77 15 to to TO cord-013275-n7sf5ude 77 16 evaluate evaluate VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 77 17 investment investment NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 77 18 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 77 19 health health NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 77 20 system system NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 77 21 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 77 22 preparedness preparedness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 77 23 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 78 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 78 2 consider consider VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 78 3 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 78 4 case case NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 78 5 study study NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 78 6 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 78 7 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 78 8 stockpiling stockpiling NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 78 9 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 78 10 Cambodia Cambodia NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 78 11 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 78 12 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 78 13 low low JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 78 14 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 78 15 income income NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 78 16 country country NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 78 17 with with IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 78 18 many many JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 78 19 pressing press VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 78 20 demands demand NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 78 21 on on IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 78 22 healthcare healthcare NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 78 23 resources resource NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 78 24 considered consider VBD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 78 25 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 78 26 hotspot hotspot NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 78 27 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 78 28 emerging emerge VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 78 29 infectious infectious JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 78 30 diseases disease NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 78 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 78 32 Coker Coker NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 78 33 et et NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 78 34 al al NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 78 35 . . NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 78 36 2011 2011 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 78 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 78 38 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 79 1 The the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 79 2 comparison comparison NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 79 3 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 79 4 ' ' `` cord-013275-n7sf5ude 79 5 no no DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 79 6 stockpile stockpile NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 79 7 ' ' '' cord-013275-n7sf5ude 79 8 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 79 9 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 79 10 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 79 11 evaluation evaluation NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 79 12 perspective perspective NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 79 13 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 79 14 from from IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 79 15 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 79 16 medical medical JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 79 17 provider provider NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 79 18 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 80 1 Health health NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 80 2 impact impact NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 80 3 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 80 4 measured measure VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 80 5 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 80 6 disability disability NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 80 7 adjusted adjust VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 80 8 life life NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 80 9 years year NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 80 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 80 11 DALYs daly NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 80 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 80 13 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 80 14 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 80 15 costs cost NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 80 16 are be VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 80 17 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 80 18 cost cost NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 80 19 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 80 20 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 80 21 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 80 22 stockpile stockpile NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 80 23 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 81 1 Health health NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 81 2 gains gain NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 81 3 resulting result VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 81 4 from from IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 81 5 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 81 6 stockpile stockpile NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 81 7 occur occur VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 81 8 at at IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 81 9 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 81 10 certain certain JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 81 11 point point NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 81 12 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 81 13 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 81 14 future future NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 81 15 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 81 16 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 81 17 event event NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 81 18 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 81 19 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 81 20 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 81 21 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 81 22 are be VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 81 23 therefore therefore RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 81 24 discounted discount VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 81 25 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 81 26 whereas whereas IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 81 27 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 81 28 investment investment NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 81 29 cost cost NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 81 30 occurs occur VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 81 31 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 81 32 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 81 33 present present NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 81 34 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 81 35 so so RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 81 36 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 81 37 not not RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 81 38 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 82 1 This this DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 82 2 analysis analysis NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 82 3 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 82 4 intended intend VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 82 5 as as IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 82 6 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 82 7 stylized stylized JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 82 8 decision decision NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 82 9 scenario scenario NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 82 10 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 82 11 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 82 12 not not RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 82 13 intended intend VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 82 14 as as IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 82 15 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 82 16 cost cost NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 82 17 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 82 18 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 82 19 analysis analysis NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 82 20 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 82 21 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 82 22 stockpiling stockpiling NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 82 23 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 82 24 Cambodia Cambodia NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 82 25 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 83 1 To to TO cord-013275-n7sf5ude 83 2 analyse analyse VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 83 3 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 83 4 impact impact NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 83 5 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 83 6 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 83 7 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 83 8 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 83 9 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 83 10 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 83 11 on on IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 83 12 model model NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 83 13 output output NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 83 14 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 83 15 we -PRON- PRP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 83 16 use use VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 83 17 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 83 18 simple simple JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 83 19 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 83 20 event event NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 83 21 model model NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 83 22 to to TO cord-013275-n7sf5ude 83 23 generate generate VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 83 24 an an DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 83 25 incremental incremental JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 83 26 cost cost NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 83 27 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 83 28 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 83 29 ratio ratio NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 83 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 83 31 ICER ICER NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 83 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 83 33 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 83 34 an an DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 83 35 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 83 36 stockpile stockpile NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 83 37 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 84 1 For for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 84 2 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 84 3 population population NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 84 4 ðmÞ ðmþ IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 84 5 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 84 6 proportion proportion NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 84 7 ðhÞ ðhÞ NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 84 8 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 84 9 hospitalized hospitalize VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 84 10 due due IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 84 11 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 84 12 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 84 13 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 84 14 virus virus NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 84 15 during during IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 84 16 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 84 17 course course NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 84 18 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 84 19 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 84 20 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 84 21 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 85 1 Of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 85 2 these these DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 85 3 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 85 4 further further JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 85 5 proportion proportion NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 85 6 f f NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 85 7 ð ð NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 85 8 Þ Þ NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 85 9 dies die VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 85 10 from from IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 85 11 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 85 12 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 85 13 disease disease NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 85 14 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 86 1 A a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 86 2 quantity quantity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 86 3 ðqÞ ðqþ NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 86 4 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 86 5 antivirals antiviral NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 86 6 are be VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 86 7 stockpiled stockpile VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 86 8 at at IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 86 9 cost cost NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 86 10 ðcÞ ðcÞ NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 86 11 ; ; : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 86 12 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 86 13 simplicity simplicity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 86 14 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 86 15 cost cost NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 86 16 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 86 17 stockpile stockpile NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 86 18 replenishment replenishment NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 86 19 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 86 20 not not RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 86 21 included include VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 86 22 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 87 1 Receiving receive VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 87 2 an an DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 87 3 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 87 4 when when WRB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 87 5 hospitalized hospitalize VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 87 6 due due IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 87 7 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 87 8 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 87 9 influenza influenza NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 87 10 reduces reduce VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 87 11 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 87 12 risk risk NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 87 13 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 87 14 fatality fatality NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 87 15 by by IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 87 16 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 87 17 proportion proportion NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 88 1 ðrÞ. ðrÞ. . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 89 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 89 2 define define VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 89 3 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 89 4 parameter parameter NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 89 5 set set NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 89 6 which which WDT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 89 7 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 89 8 broadly broadly RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 89 9 representative representative JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 89 10 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 89 11 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 89 12 Cambodian cambodian JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 89 13 context context NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 89 14 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 90 1 The the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 90 2 model model NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 90 3 structure structure NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 90 4 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 90 5 outlined outline VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 90 6 as as IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 90 7 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 90 8 probability probability NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 90 9 tree tree NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 90 10 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 90 11 Figure figure NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 90 12 1 1 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 90 13 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 90 14 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 90 15 all all DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 90 16 parameters parameter NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 90 17 are be VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 90 18 detailed detail VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 90 19 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 90 20 Table Table NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 90 21 1 1 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 90 22 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 91 1 The the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 91 2 model model NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 91 3 was be VBD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 91 4 coded code VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 91 5 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 91 6 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 91 7 statistical statistical JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 91 8 software software NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 91 9 package package NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 91 10 ' ' `` cord-013275-n7sf5ude 91 11 R R NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 91 12 ' ' '' cord-013275-n7sf5ude 91 13 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 91 14 version version NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 91 15 2.15.2 2.15.2 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 91 16 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 92 1 The the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 92 2 net net JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 92 3 health health NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 92 4 impact impact NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 92 5 ðÁÞ ðÁÞ '' cord-013275-n7sf5ude 92 6 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 92 7 terms term NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 92 8 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 92 9 DALYs daly NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 92 10 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 92 11 calculated calculate VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 92 12 by by IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 92 13 subtracting subtract VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 92 14 total total JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 92 15 deaths death NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 92 16 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 92 17 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 92 18 baseline baseline JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 92 19 scenario scenario NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 92 20 from from IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 92 21 total total JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 92 22 deaths death NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 92 23 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 92 24 an an DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 92 25 intervention intervention NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 92 26 scenario scenario NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 92 27 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 92 28 converting convert VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 92 29 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 92 30 DALYs daly NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 92 31 using use VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 92 32 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 92 33 conservative conservative JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 92 34 assumption assumption NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 92 35 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 92 36 an an DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 92 37 average average JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 92 38 30 30 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 92 39 DALYs daly NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 92 40 lost lose VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 92 41 per per IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 92 42 death death NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 92 43 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 93 1 Pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 93 2 costs cost NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 93 3 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 93 4 consequences consequence NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 93 5 are be VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 93 6 adjusted adjust VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 93 7 to to TO cord-013275-n7sf5ude 93 8 present present JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 93 9 day day NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 93 10 value value NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 93 11 using use VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 93 12 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 93 13 discount discount NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 93 14 factor factor NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 93 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 93 16 1 1 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 93 17 þ þ NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 93 18 discount discount NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 93 19 rate rate NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 93 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 94 1 ðÞ ðþ NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 94 2 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 94 3 timeto timeto NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 94 4 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 94 5 pandemic pandemic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 94 6 ðtÞ. ðtþ. RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 95 1 The the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 95 2 discounted discounted JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 95 3 health health NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 95 4 impact impact NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 95 5 ðÀÞ ðÀÞ NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 95 6 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 95 7 given give VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 95 8 by by IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 95 9 : : : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 95 10 The the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 95 11 ICER ICER NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 95 12 ð ð NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 95 13 Þ Þ NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 95 14 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 95 15 then then RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 95 16 given give VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 95 17 by by IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 95 18 : : : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 96 1 This this DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 96 2 highlights highlight VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 96 3 that that IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 96 4 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 96 5 ICER ICER NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 96 6 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 96 7 proportional proportional JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 96 8 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 96 9 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 96 10 discount discount NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 96 11 factor factor NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 96 12 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 96 13 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 96 14 power power NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 96 15 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 96 16 ' ' `` cord-013275-n7sf5ude 96 17 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 96 18 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 96 19 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 96 20 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 96 21 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 96 22 ' ' '' cord-013275-n7sf5ude 96 23 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 96 24 clarifying clarify VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 96 25 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 96 26 interaction interaction NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 96 27 between between IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 96 28 discount discount NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 96 29 rate rate NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 96 30 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 96 31 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 96 32 timing timing NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 96 33 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 97 1 The the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 97 2 presence presence NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 97 3 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 97 4 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 97 5 power power NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 97 6 law law NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 97 7 helps help VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 97 8 to to TO cord-013275-n7sf5ude 97 9 explain explain VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 97 10 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 97 11 extent extent NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 97 12 to to TO cord-013275-n7sf5ude 97 13 which which WDT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 97 14 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 97 15 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 97 16 discount discount NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 97 17 rate rate NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 97 18 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 97 19 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 97 20 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 97 21 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 97 22 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 97 23 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 97 24 affects affect VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 97 25 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 97 26 ICER ICER NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 97 27 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 98 1 There there EX cord-013275-n7sf5ude 98 2 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 98 3 some some DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 98 4 debate debate NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 98 5 as as IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 98 6 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 98 7 whether whether IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 98 8 health health NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 98 9 outcomes outcome NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 98 10 should should MD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 98 11 be be VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 98 12 discounted discount VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 98 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 98 14 Severens Severens NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 98 15 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 98 16 Milne Milne NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 98 17 2004 2004 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 98 18 ; ; : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 98 19 Bos Bos NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 98 20 et et NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 98 21 al al NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 98 22 . . NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 98 23 2005 2005 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 98 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 98 25 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 99 1 This this DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 99 2 debate debate NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 99 3 centres centre NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 99 4 on on IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 99 5 whether whether IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 99 6 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 99 7 measure measure NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 99 8 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 99 9 health health NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 99 10 utility utility NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 99 11 already already RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 99 12 incorporates incorporate VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 99 13 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 99 14 valuation valuation NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 99 15 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 99 16 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 99 17 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 100 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 100 2 seems seem VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 100 3 reasonable reasonable JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 100 4 that that IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 100 5 long long JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 100 6 duration duration NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 100 7 illnesses illness NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 100 8 such such JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 100 9 as as IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 100 10 HIV HIV NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 100 11 / / SYM cord-013275-n7sf5ude 100 12 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 100 13 do do VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 100 14 contain contain VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 100 15 consideration consideration NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 100 16 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 100 17 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 100 18 value value NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 100 19 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 100 20 future future JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 100 21 years year NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 100 22 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 101 1 For for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 101 2 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 101 3 or or CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 101 4 epidemic epidemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 101 5 events event NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 101 6 where where WRB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 101 7 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 101 8 disease disease NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 101 9 duration duration NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 101 10 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 101 11 short short JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 101 12 but but CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 101 13 when when WRB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 101 14 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 101 15 case case NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 101 16 occurs occur VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 101 17 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 101 18 uncertain uncertain JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 101 19 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 101 20 it -PRON- PRP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 101 21 seems seem VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 101 22 likely likely JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 101 23 that that IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 101 24 some some DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 101 25 form form NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 101 26 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 101 27 discounting discount VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 101 28 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 101 29 needed need VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 101 30 to to TO cord-013275-n7sf5ude 101 31 reflect reflect VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 101 32 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 101 33 preferences preference NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 101 34 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 102 1 That that DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 102 2 is is RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 102 3 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 102 4 given give VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 102 5 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 102 6 choice choice NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 102 7 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 102 8 an an DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 102 9 individual individual NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 102 10 would would MD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 102 11 prefer prefer VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 102 12 to to TO cord-013275-n7sf5ude 102 13 contract contract VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 102 14 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 102 15 highly highly RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 102 16 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 102 17 influenza influenza NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 102 18 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 102 19 10 10 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 102 20 years year NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 102 21 rather rather RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 102 22 than than IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 102 23 next next JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 102 24 year year NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 102 25 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 103 1 The the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 103 2 cost cost NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 103 3 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 103 4 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 103 5 analysis analysis NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 103 6 considers consider VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 103 7 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 103 8 cost cost NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 103 9 per per IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 103 10 DALY DALY NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 103 11 averted avert VBD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 103 12 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 103 13 scaling scale VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 103 14 up up RP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 103 15 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 103 16 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 103 17 stockpile stockpile NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 103 18 by by IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 103 19 1 1 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 103 20 million million CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 103 21 courses course NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 103 22 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 104 1 Potentially potentially RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 104 2 serving serve VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 104 3 7 7 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 104 4 % % NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 104 5 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 104 6 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 104 7 14.3 14.3 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 104 8 million million CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 104 9 total total JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 104 10 population population NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 104 11 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 104 12 stockpile stockpile NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 104 13 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 104 14 1 1 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 104 15 million million CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 104 16 courses course NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 104 17 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 104 18 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 104 19 substantial substantial JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 104 20 increase increase NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 104 21 on on IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 104 22 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 104 23 75 75 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 104 24 000 000 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 104 25 courses course NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 104 26 currently currently RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 104 27 retained retain VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 104 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 104 29 data datum NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 104 30 supplied supply VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 104 31 by by IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 104 32 Ministry Ministry NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 104 33 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 104 34 Health Health NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 104 35 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 104 36 Cambodia Cambodia NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 104 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 104 38 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 105 1 To to TO cord-013275-n7sf5ude 105 2 gather gather VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 105 3 data datum NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 105 4 on on IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 105 5 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 105 6 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 105 7 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 105 8 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 105 9 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 105 10 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 105 11 we -PRON- PRP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 105 12 considered consider VBD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 105 13 major major JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 105 14 pandemics pandemic NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 105 15 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 105 16 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 105 17 last last JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 105 18 300 300 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 105 19 years year NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 105 20 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 105 21 calculated calculate VBD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 105 22 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 105 23 interpandemic interpandemic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 105 24 period period NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 105 25 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 106 1 Information information NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 106 2 on on IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 106 3 possible possible JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 106 4 earlier early JJR cord-013275-n7sf5ude 106 5 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 106 6 event event NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 106 7 years year NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 106 8 was be VBD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 106 9 not not RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 106 10 included include VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 106 11 as as IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 106 12 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 106 13 veracity veracity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 106 14 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 106 15 some some DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 106 16 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 106 17 Assumed assume VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 106 18 between between IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 106 19 0.1 0.1 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 106 20 % % NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 106 21 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 106 22 5 5 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 106 23 % % NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 106 24 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 106 25 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 106 26 population population NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 106 27 would would MD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 106 28 be be VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 106 29 hospitalized hospitalize VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 106 30 at at IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 106 31 some some DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 106 32 point point NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 106 33 during during IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 106 34 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 106 35 course course NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 106 36 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 106 37 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 106 38 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 106 39 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 107 1 Case case NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 107 2 fatality fatality NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 107 3 proportion proportion NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 107 4 f f NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 107 5 Uniform Uniform NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 107 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 107 7 0.10 0.10 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 107 8 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 107 9 0.70 0.70 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 107 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 108 1 Lower low JJR cord-013275-n7sf5ude 108 2 : : : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 108 3 WHO who WP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 108 4 severe severe JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 108 5 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 108 6 threshold threshold NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 108 7 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 108 8 2 2 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 108 9 % % NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 108 10 case case NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 108 11 fatality fatality NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 108 12 ; ; : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 108 13 however however RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 108 14 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 108 15 this this DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 108 16 refers refer VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 108 17 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 108 18 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 108 19 proportion proportion NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 108 20 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 108 21 all all DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 108 22 cases case NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 108 23 which which WDT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 108 24 die die VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 108 25 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 109 1 This this DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 109 2 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 109 3 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 109 4 case case NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 109 5 fatality fatality NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 109 6 proportion proportion NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 109 7 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 109 8 hospitalized hospitalize VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 109 9 patients patient NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 109 10 which which WDT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 109 11 we -PRON- PRP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 109 12 would would MD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 109 13 expect expect VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 109 14 to to TO cord-013275-n7sf5ude 109 15 be be VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 109 16 higher high JJR cord-013275-n7sf5ude 109 17 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 110 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 110 2 assume assume VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 110 3 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 110 4 lower lower RBR cord-013275-n7sf5ude 110 5 bound bind VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 110 6 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 110 7 10 10 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 110 8 % % NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 110 9 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 110 10 upper upper JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 110 11 bound bind VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 110 12 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 110 13 70 70 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 110 14 % % NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 110 15 case case NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 110 16 fatality fatality NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 110 17 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 111 1 Time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 111 2 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 111 3 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 111 4 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 111 5 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 111 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 111 7 years year NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 111 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 112 1 t t NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 112 2 Uniform Uniform NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 112 3 All all DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 112 4 fitted fit VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 112 5 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 112 6 data datum NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 112 7 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 112 8 Table table NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 112 9 2 2 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 112 10 dates date NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 112 11 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 112 12 disputed dispute VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 112 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 112 14 Potter Potter NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 112 15 2001 2001 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 112 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 113 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 113 2 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 113 3 dates date NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 113 4 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 113 5 intervals interval NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 113 6 are be VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 113 7 presented present VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 113 8 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 113 9 Table Table NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 113 10 2 2 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 113 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 113 12 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 114 1 Using use VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 114 2 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 114 3 historical historical JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 114 4 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 114 5 interval interval NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 114 6 data datum NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 114 7 we -PRON- PRP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 114 8 carry carry VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 114 9 out out RP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 114 10 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 114 11 univariate univariate JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 114 12 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 114 13 analysis analysis NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 114 14 to to TO cord-013275-n7sf5ude 114 15 assess assess VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 114 16 whether whether IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 114 17 observed observed JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 114 18 differences difference NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 114 19 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 114 20 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 114 21 number number NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 114 22 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 114 23 years year NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 114 24 between between IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 114 25 pandemics pandemic NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 114 26 can can MD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 114 27 substantially substantially RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 114 28 affect affect VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 114 29 cost cost NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 114 30 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 114 31 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 114 32 results result NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 114 33 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 115 1 However however RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 115 2 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 115 3 univariate univariate JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 115 4 analysis analysis NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 115 5 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 115 6 limited limit VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 115 7 because because IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 115 8 it -PRON- PRP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 115 9 does do VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 115 10 not not RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 115 11 account account VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 115 12 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 115 13 interaction interaction NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 115 14 between between IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 115 15 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 115 16 values value NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 115 17 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 115 18 other other JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 115 19 model model NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 115 20 parameters parameter NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 115 21 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 116 1 Sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 116 2 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 116 3 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 116 4 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 116 5 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 116 6 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 116 7 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 116 8 may may MD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 116 9 be be VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 116 10 different different JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 116 11 given give VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 116 12 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 116 13 different different JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 116 14 set set NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 116 15 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 116 16 other other JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 116 17 input input NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 116 18 parameter parameter NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 116 19 values value NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 116 20 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 2 therefore therefore RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 3 use use VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 4 multivariate multivariate JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 5 Monte Monte NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 6 Carlo Carlo NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 7 simulation simulation NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 8 to to TO cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 9 sample sample VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 10 parameter parameter NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 11 values value NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 12 from from IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 13 uniform uniform JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 14 distributions distribution NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 15 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 16 six six CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 17 model model NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 18 parameters parameter NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 20 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 21 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 22 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 23 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 24 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 25 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 26 case case NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 27 fatality fatality NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 28 proportion proportion NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 29 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 30 hospitalization hospitalization NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 31 proportion proportion NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 32 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 33 discount discount NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 34 rate rate NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 35 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 36 intervention intervention NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 37 cost cost NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 38 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 39 intervention intervention NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 40 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 42 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 43 repeating repeat VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 44 20 20 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 45 000 000 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 46 times time NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 47 to to TO cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 48 produce produce VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 49 results result NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 50 from from IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 51 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 52 wide wide JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 53 range range NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 54 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 55 parameter parameter NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 56 combinations combination NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 117 57 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 118 1 Parameter parameter NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 118 2 ' ' `` cord-013275-n7sf5ude 118 3 importance importance NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 118 4 ' ' '' cord-013275-n7sf5ude 118 5 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 118 6 assessed assess VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 118 7 using use VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 118 8 elasticity elasticity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 118 9 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 118 10 mutual mutual JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 118 11 information information NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 118 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 118 13 MI MI NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 118 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 118 15 measures measure NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 118 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 118 17 described describe VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 118 18 below below IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 118 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 118 20 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 119 1 The the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 119 2 purpose purpose NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 119 3 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 119 4 this this DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 119 5 study study NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 119 6 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 119 7 to to TO cord-013275-n7sf5ude 119 8 determine determine VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 119 9 whether whether IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 119 10 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 119 11 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 119 12 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 119 13 number number NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 119 14 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 119 15 years year NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 119 16 before before IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 119 17 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 119 18 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 119 19 occurs occur VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 119 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 119 21 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 119 22 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 119 23 topandemic topandemic NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 119 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 119 25 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 119 26 important important JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 119 27 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 119 28 cost cost NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 119 29 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 119 30 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 119 31 analysis analysis NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 119 32 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 120 1 For for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 120 2 this this DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 120 3 reason reason NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 120 4 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 120 5 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 120 6 analysis analysis NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 120 7 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 120 8 designed design VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 120 9 as as IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 120 10 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 120 11 ' ' `` cord-013275-n7sf5ude 120 12 challenge challenge NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 120 13 ' ' '' cord-013275-n7sf5ude 120 14 model model NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 120 15 using use VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 120 16 large large JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 120 17 estimates estimate NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 120 18 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 120 19 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 120 20 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 120 21 other other JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 120 22 model model NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 120 23 parameters parameter NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 120 24 to to TO cord-013275-n7sf5ude 120 25 present present VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 120 26 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 120 27 greatest great JJS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 120 28 challenge challenge NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 120 29 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 120 30 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 120 31 importance importance NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 120 32 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 120 33 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 120 34 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 120 35 topandemic topandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 120 36 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 121 1 In in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 121 2 most most JJS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 121 3 cases case NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 121 4 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 121 5 little little JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 121 6 data data NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 121 7 exists exist VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 121 8 to to TO cord-013275-n7sf5ude 121 9 fit fit VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 121 10 sampling sampling NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 121 11 distributions distribution NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 121 12 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 121 13 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 121 14 model model NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 121 15 parameters parameter NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 121 16 so so RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 121 17 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 121 18 general general JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 121 19 uniform uniform JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 121 20 distributions distribution NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 121 21 have have VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 121 22 been be VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 121 23 used use VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 121 24 with with IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 121 25 ranges range NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 121 26 at at IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 121 27 logical logical JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 121 28 or or CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 121 29 plausible plausible JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 121 30 limits limit NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 121 31 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 122 1 If if IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 122 2 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 122 3 timing timing NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 122 4 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 122 5 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 122 6 shown show VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 122 7 to to TO cord-013275-n7sf5ude 122 8 be be VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 122 9 important important JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 122 10 compared compare VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 122 11 with with IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 122 12 large large JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 122 13 estimates estimate NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 122 14 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 122 15 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 122 16 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 122 17 other other JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 122 18 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 122 19 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 122 20 then then RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 122 21 we -PRON- PRP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 122 22 can can MD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 122 23 conclude conclude VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 122 24 that that IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 122 25 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 122 26 timing timing NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 122 27 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 122 28 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 122 29 important important JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 122 30 to to TO cord-013275-n7sf5ude 122 31 cost cost NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 122 32 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 122 33 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 122 34 analysis analysis NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 122 35 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 122 36 pandemic pandemic NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 122 37 influenza influenza NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 122 38 preparedness preparedness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 122 39 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 123 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 123 2 use use VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 123 3 two two CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 123 4 measures measure NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 123 5 to to TO cord-013275-n7sf5ude 123 6 determine determine VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 123 7 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 123 8 importance importance NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 123 9 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 123 10 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 123 11 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 123 12 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 123 13 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 123 14 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 123 15 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 123 16 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 123 17 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 123 18 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 123 19 overall overall JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 123 20 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 123 21 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 123 22 ICER ICER NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 123 23 : : : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 123 24 mean mean VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 123 25 elasticity elasticity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 123 26 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 123 27 MI MI NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 123 28 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 124 1 Although although IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 124 2 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 124 3 potential potential JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 124 4 value value NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 124 5 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 124 6 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 124 7 MI MI NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 124 8 measure measure NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 124 9 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 124 10 health health NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 124 11 economics economic NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 124 12 has have VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 124 13 been be VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 124 14 reported report VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 125 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 125 2 Coyle Coyle NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 125 3 et et NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 125 4 al al NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 125 5 . . NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 125 6 2003 2003 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 125 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 126 1 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 126 2 it -PRON- PRP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 126 3 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 126 4 not not RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 126 5 commonly commonly RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 126 6 seen see VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 126 7 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 126 8 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 126 9 health health NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 126 10 economics economic NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 126 11 literature literature NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 126 12 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 127 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 127 2 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 127 3 while while IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 127 4 elasticity elasticity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 127 5 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 127 6 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 127 7 concept concept NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 127 8 commonly commonly RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 127 9 used use VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 127 10 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 127 11 economics economic NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 127 12 it -PRON- PRP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 127 13 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 127 14 rarely rarely RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 127 15 found find VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 127 16 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 127 17 healthcare healthcare NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 127 18 economic economic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 127 19 evaluation evaluation NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 127 20 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 128 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 128 2 describe describe VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 128 3 both both DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 128 4 measures measure NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 128 5 fully fully RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 128 6 here here RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 128 7 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 128 8 completeness completeness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 128 9 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 129 1 The the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 129 2 elasticity elasticity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 129 3 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 129 4 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 129 5 parameter parameter NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 129 6 describes describe VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 129 7 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 129 8 extent extent NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 129 9 to to TO cord-013275-n7sf5ude 129 10 which which WDT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 129 11 an an DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 129 12 output output NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 129 13 changes change VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 129 14 given give VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 129 15 an an DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 129 16 incremental incremental JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 129 17 change change NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 129 18 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 129 19 an an DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 129 20 input input NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 129 21 parameter parameter NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 129 22 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 130 1 This this DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 130 2 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 130 3 frequently frequently RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 130 4 used use VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 130 5 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 130 6 economics economic NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 130 7 to to TO cord-013275-n7sf5ude 130 8 describe describe VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 130 9 effect effect NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 130 10 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 130 11 demand demand NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 130 12 given give VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 130 13 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 130 14 change change NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 130 15 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 130 16 price price NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 130 17 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 131 1 Using use VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 131 2 elasticity elasticity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 131 3 to to TO cord-013275-n7sf5ude 131 4 measure measure VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 131 5 parameter parameter NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 131 6 importance importance NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 131 7 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 131 8 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 131 9 logical logical JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 131 10 step step NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 131 11 from from IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 131 12 routine routine JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 131 13 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 131 14 analysis analysis NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 131 15 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 131 16 economic economic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 131 17 evaluation evaluation NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 131 18 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 131 19 which which WDT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 131 20 commonly commonly RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 131 21 presents present VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 131 22 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 131 23 change change NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 131 24 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 131 25 ICER ICER NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 131 26 given give VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 131 27 fixed fix VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 131 28 univariate univariate JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 131 29 changes change NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 131 30 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 131 31 an an DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 131 32 input input NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 131 33 parameter parameter NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 131 34 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 132 1 Standard standard JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 132 2 univariate univariate JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 132 3 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 132 4 analysis analysis NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 132 5 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 132 6 useful useful JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 132 7 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 132 8 quantifying quantify VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 132 9 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 132 10 impact impact NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 132 11 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 132 12 possible possible JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 132 13 parameter parameter NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 132 14 changes change NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 132 15 on on IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 132 16 cost cost NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 132 17 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 132 18 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 133 1 To to TO cord-013275-n7sf5ude 133 2 compare compare VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 133 3 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 133 4 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 133 5 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 133 6 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 133 7 ICER ICER NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 133 8 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 133 9 each each DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 133 10 parameter parameter NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 133 11 on on IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 133 12 equal equal JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 133 13 basis basis NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 133 14 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 133 15 we -PRON- PRP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 133 16 normalize normalize VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 133 17 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 133 18 univariate univariate JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 133 19 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 133 20 analysis analysis NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 133 21 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 133 22 producing produce VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 133 23 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 133 24 point point NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 133 25 elasticity elasticity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 133 26 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 133 27 each each DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 133 28 Monte Monte NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 133 29 Carlo Carlo NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 133 30 simulation simulation NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 133 31 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 134 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 134 2 take take VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 134 3 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 134 4 mean mean NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 134 5 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 134 6 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 134 7 point point NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 134 8 elasticities elasticity NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 134 9 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 134 10 report report VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 134 11 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 134 12 mean mean NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 134 13 parameter parameter NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 134 14 elasticity elasticity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 134 15 as as IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 134 16 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 134 17 unit unit NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 134 18 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 134 19 less less JJR cord-013275-n7sf5ude 134 20 measure measure NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 134 21 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 134 22 parameter parameter NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 134 23 importance importance NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 134 24 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 135 1 The the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 135 2 ICER ICER NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 135 3 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 135 4 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 135 5 function function NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 135 6 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 135 7 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 135 8 parameters parameter NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 135 9 listed list VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 135 10 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 135 11 Table Table NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 135 12 1 1 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 135 13 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 136 1 In in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 136 2 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 136 3 general general JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 136 4 mathematical mathematical JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 136 5 formulation formulation NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 136 6 if if IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 136 7 we -PRON- PRP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 136 8 denote denote VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 136 9 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 136 10 ICER ICER NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 136 11 by by IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 136 12 Y Y NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 136 13 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 136 14 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 136 15 model model NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 136 16 parameters parameter NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 136 17 by by IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 136 18 ðX ðX NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 136 19 j j NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 136 20 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 136 21 j j NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 136 22 ¼ ¼ NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 136 23 1 1 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 136 24 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 136 25 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 136 26 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 137 1 nÞ nþ CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 1 where where WRB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 2 n n NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 3 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 4 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 5 total total JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 6 number number NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 7 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 8 parameters parameter NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 9 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 10 then then RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 11 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 12 ICER ICER NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 13 can can MD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 14 be be VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 15 represented represent VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 16 as as IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 17 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 18 non non JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 19 - - JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 20 linear linear JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 21 function function NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 22 g g NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 23 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 24 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 25 n n CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 26 parameters parameter NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 27 : : : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 28 The the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 29 normalized normalized JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 30 local local JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 31 elasticity elasticity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 32 measure measure NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 33 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 34 defined define VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 35 as as IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 36 : : : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 37 where where WRB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 38 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 39 symbol symbol NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 40 @ @ NFP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 41 denotes denote VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 42 partial partial JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 43 differentiation differentiation NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 44 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 45 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 46 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 47 elasticity elasticity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 48 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 49 evaluated evaluate VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 50 at at IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 51 X X NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 52 j j NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 53 ¼ ¼ NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 54 x. x. NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 55 È È NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 138 56 Y Y NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 139 1 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 139 2 X X NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 139 3 j j NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 139 4 À à NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 139 5 Á á NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 139 6 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 139 7 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 139 8 proportional proportional JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 139 9 change change NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 139 10 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 139 11 Y Y NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 139 12 due due JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 139 13 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 139 14 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 139 15 small small JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 139 16 proportional proportional JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 139 17 change change NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 139 18 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 139 19 X X NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 139 20 j j NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 139 21 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 140 1 The the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 140 2 mean mean JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 140 3 elasticity elasticity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 140 4 measure measure NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 140 5 " " '' cord-013275-n7sf5ude 141 1 È È NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 141 2 Y Y NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 141 3 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 141 4 X X NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 141 5 j j NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 141 6 À à NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 141 7 Á á NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 141 8 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 141 9 more more RBR cord-013275-n7sf5ude 141 10 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 141 11 to to TO cord-013275-n7sf5ude 141 12 assess assess VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 141 13 parameter parameter NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 141 14 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 141 15 under under IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 141 16 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 142 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 142 2 where where WRB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 142 3 there there EX cord-013275-n7sf5ude 142 4 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 142 5 not not RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 142 6 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 142 7 high high JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 142 8 degree degree NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 142 9 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 142 10 confidence confidence NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 142 11 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 142 12 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 142 13 expected expect VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 142 14 value value NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 142 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 142 16 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 143 1 This this DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 143 2 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 143 3 given give VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 143 4 by by IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 143 5 Coyle Coyle NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 143 6 et et NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 143 7 al al NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 143 8 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 144 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 144 2 2003 2003 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 144 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 144 4 : : : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 144 5 where where WRB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 144 6 n n NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 144 7 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 144 8 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 144 9 number number NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 144 10 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 144 11 point point NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 144 12 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 144 13 wise wise JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 144 14 evaluations evaluation NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 144 15 carried carry VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 144 16 out out RP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 144 17 within within IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 144 18 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 144 19 range range NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 144 20 X X NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 144 21 j j NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 144 22 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 144 23 min min NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 144 24 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 144 25 X X NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 144 26 j j NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 144 27 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 144 28 max max NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 144 29   NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 144 30 à à NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 144 31 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 144 32 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 144 33 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 144 34 symbol symbol NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 144 35 means mean VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 144 36 ' ' `` cord-013275-n7sf5ude 144 37 element element NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 144 38 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 144 39 ' ' '' cord-013275-n7sf5ude 144 40 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 145 1 MI MI NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 145 2 analysis analysis NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 145 3 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 145 4 based base VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 145 5 on on IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 145 6 information information NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 145 7 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 145 8 entropy entropy NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 145 9 theory theory NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 145 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 145 11 Fraser Fraser NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 145 12 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 145 13 Swinney Swinney NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 145 14 1986 1986 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 145 15 ; ; : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 145 16 Veyrat Veyrat NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 145 17 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 145 18 Charvillon Charvillon NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 145 19 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 145 20 Standaert Standaert NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 145 21 2009 2009 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 145 22 ; ; : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 145 23 Batina Batina NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 145 24 et et NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 145 25 al al NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 145 26 . . NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 145 27 2011 2011 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 145 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 146 1 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 146 2 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 146 3 origins origin NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 146 4 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 146 5 which which WDT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 146 6 lie lie NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 146 7 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 146 8 estimating estimate VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 146 9 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 146 10 entropy entropy NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 146 11 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 146 12 thermodynamic thermodynamic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 146 13 systems system NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 146 14 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 147 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 147 2 use use NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 147 3 has have VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 147 4 been be VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 147 5 advocated advocate VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 147 6 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 147 7 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 147 8 health health NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 147 9 economics economic NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 147 10 literature literature NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 147 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 147 12 Coyle Coyle NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 147 13 et et NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 147 14 al al NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 147 15 . . NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 147 16 2003 2003 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 147 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 147 18 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 148 1 The the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 148 2 entropy entropy JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 148 3 HðYÞ hðyþ NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 148 4 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 148 5 an an DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 148 6 uncertain uncertain JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 148 7 variable variable NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 148 8 Y y NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 148 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 148 10 such such JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 148 11 as as IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 148 12 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 148 13 ICER ICER NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 148 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 148 15 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 148 16 defined define VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 148 17 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 148 18 continuous continuous JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 148 19 space space NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 148 20 by by IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 148 21 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 148 22 following following JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 148 23 integral integral JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 148 24 equation equation NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 148 25 : : : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 149 1 where where WRB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 149 2 ðYÞ ðYÞ NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 149 3 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 149 4 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 149 5 probability probability NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 149 6 density density NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 149 7 function function NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 149 8 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 149 9 Y Y NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 149 10 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 149 11 ½Y ½Y NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 149 12 min min NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 149 13 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 149 14 Y Y NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 149 15 max max NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 149 16 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 149 17 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 149 18 range range NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 149 19 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 149 20 Y Y NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 149 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 149 22 i.e. i.e. FW cord-013275-n7sf5ude 149 23 Y Y NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 149 24 min min NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 149 25 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 149 26 Y Y NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 149 27 max max NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 149 28 are be VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 149 29 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 149 30 lower low JJR cord-013275-n7sf5ude 149 31 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 149 32 upper upper JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 149 33 bounds bound NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 149 34 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 149 35 Y Y NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 149 36 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 149 37 respectively respectively RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 149 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 149 39 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 150 1 The the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 150 2 MI MI NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 150 3 between between IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 150 4 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 150 5 ICER ICER NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 150 6 ðYÞ ðyþ CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 150 7 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 150 8 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 150 9 variable variable NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 150 10 on on IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 150 11 which which WDT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 150 12 it -PRON- PRP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 150 13 depends depend VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 150 14 X X NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 150 15 j j NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 150 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 150 17 e.g. e.g. IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 150 18 case case NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 150 19 fatality fatality NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 150 20 proportion proportion NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 150 21 or or CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 150 22 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 150 23 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 150 24 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 150 25 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 150 26 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 150 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 150 28 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 150 29 defined define VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 150 30 by by IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 150 31 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 150 32 following follow VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 150 33 double double JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 150 34 integral integral JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 150 35 equation equation NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 150 36 : : : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 1 where where WRB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 2 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 3 double double JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 4 integration integration NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 5 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 6 carried carry VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 7 over over IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 8 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 9 range range NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 10 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 11 ICER ICER NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 12 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 13 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 14 range range NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 15 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 16 parameter parameter NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 17 X X NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 18 j j NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 19 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 20 X X NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 21 j j NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 22 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 23 min min NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 24 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 25 X X NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 26 j j NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 27 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 28 max max NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 29   NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 30 à à NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 31 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 32 Y Y NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 33 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 34 X X NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 35 j j NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 36 À à NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 37 Á á NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 38 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 39 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 40 joint joint JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 41 probability probability NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 42 density density NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 43 function function NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 44 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 45 Y Y NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 46 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 47 X X NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 48 j j NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 49 . . NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 50 ÉðY ÉðY NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 51 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 52 X X NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 53 i i NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 54 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 55 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 56 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 57 MI MI NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 58 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 59 can can MD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 60 be be VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 61 interpreted interpret VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 62 as as IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 63 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 64 amount amount NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 65 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 66 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 67 that that WDT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 68 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 69 reduced reduce VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 70 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 71 Y Y NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 72 if if IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 73 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 74 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 75 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 76 X x NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 77 i i PRP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 78 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 79 removed remove VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 80 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 81 e.g. e.g. RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 82 because because IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 83 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 84 new new JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 85 information information NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 86 acquired acquire VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 87 on on IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 88 X X NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 89 i i NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 90 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 91 or or CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 92 alternatively alternatively RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 93 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 94 amount amount NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 95 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 96 information information NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 97 that that WDT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 98 Y Y NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 99 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 100 X X NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 101 j j NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 102 share share NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 151 103 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 152 1 In in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 152 2 practice practice NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 152 3 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 152 4 discrete discrete JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 152 5 rather rather RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 152 6 than than IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 152 7 continuous continuous JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 152 8 analysis analysis NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 152 9 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 152 10 carried carry VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 152 11 out out RP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 152 12 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 153 1 The the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 153 2 counterpart counterpart NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 153 3 equations equation NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 153 4 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 153 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 153 6 6 6 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 153 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 153 8 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 153 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 153 10 7 7 LS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 153 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 153 12 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 153 13 discrete discrete JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 153 14 space space NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 153 15 are be VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 153 16 : : : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 153 17 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 153 18 where where WRB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 153 19 pðY pðy JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 153 20 ¼ ¼ NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 153 21 yÞ yÞ NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 153 22 denotes denote VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 153 23 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 153 24 probability probability NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 153 25 that that WDT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 153 26 Y Y NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 153 27 ¼ ¼ NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 153 28 y y NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 153 29 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 153 30 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 153 31 p p NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 153 32 Y Y NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 153 33 ¼ ¼ NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 153 34 y y NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 153 35 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 153 36 X X NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 153 37 j j NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 153 38 ¼ ¼ NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 153 39 x x SYM cord-013275-n7sf5ude 153 40 À à FW cord-013275-n7sf5ude 153 41 Á á NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 153 42 denotes denote VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 153 43 joint joint JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 153 44 probability probability NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 153 45 that that WDT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 153 46 Y Y NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 153 47 ¼ ¼ NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 153 48 y y NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 153 49 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 154 1 X X NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 154 2 j j NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 154 3 ¼ ¼ NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 155 1 x. x. NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 156 1 From from IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 156 2 Equation equation NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 156 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 156 4 9 9 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 156 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 156 6 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 156 7 it -PRON- PRP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 156 8 can can MD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 156 9 be be VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 156 10 shown show VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 156 11 mathematically mathematically RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 156 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 156 13 Dragomir Dragomir NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 156 14 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 156 15 Goh Goh NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 156 16 1996 1996 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 156 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 157 1 that that DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 158 1 ðY ðY NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 158 2 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 158 3 X X NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 158 4 j j NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 158 5 Þ Þ NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 158 6 ! ! . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 158 7 0 0 NFP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 159 1 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 159 2 Y Y NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 159 3 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 159 4 X X NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 159 5 j j NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 159 6 À à FW cord-013275-n7sf5ude 159 7 Á á NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 159 8 ¼ ¼ NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 159 9 0 0 NFP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 159 10 if if IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 159 11 Y Y NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 159 12 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 159 13 independent independent JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 159 14 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 159 15 X X NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 159 16 j j NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 159 17 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 159 18 that that IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 159 19 ðY ðY NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 159 20 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 159 21 X X NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 159 22 j j NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 159 23 Þ Þ NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 159 24 attains attain VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 159 25 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 159 26 maximum maximum NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 159 27 when when WRB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 160 1 Y Y NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 160 2 ¼ ¼ NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 160 3 X X NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 160 4 i i NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 160 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 160 6 i.e. i.e. FW cord-013275-n7sf5ude 160 7 Y Y NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 160 8 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 160 9 X X NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 160 10 j j NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 160 11 are be VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 160 12 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 160 13 same same JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 160 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 160 15 or or CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 161 1 when when WRB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 161 2 Y Y NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 161 3 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 161 4 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 161 5 deterministic deterministic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 161 6 function function NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 161 7 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 161 8 X X NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 161 9 j j NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 161 10 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 162 1 This this DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 162 2 fits fit VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 162 3 exactly exactly RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 162 4 with with IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 162 5 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 162 6 interpretation interpretation NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 162 7 given give VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 162 8 above above RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 162 9 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 162 10 MI MI NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 162 11 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 163 1 In in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 163 2 one one CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 163 3 extreme extreme NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 163 4 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 163 5 if if IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 163 6 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 163 7 ICER ICER NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 163 8 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 163 9 independent independent JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 163 10 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 163 11 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 163 12 parameter parameter NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 163 13 then then RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 163 14 reducing reduce VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 163 15 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 163 16 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 163 17 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 163 18 that that DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 163 19 parameter parameter NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 163 20 would would MD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 163 21 not not RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 163 22 have have VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 163 23 any any DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 163 24 effect effect NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 163 25 on on IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 163 26 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 163 27 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 163 28 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 163 29 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 163 30 ICER ICER NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 163 31 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 164 1 At at IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 164 2 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 164 3 other other JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 164 4 extreme extreme NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 164 5 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 164 6 if if IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 164 7 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 164 8 ICER ICER NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 164 9 depends depend VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 164 10 on on IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 164 11 one one CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 164 12 parameter parameter NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 164 13 only only RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 164 14 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 164 15 then then RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 164 16 reducing reduce VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 164 17 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 164 18 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 164 19 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 164 20 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 164 21 ICER ICER NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 164 22 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 164 23 maximized maximize VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 164 24 by by IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 164 25 reducing reduce VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 164 26 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 164 27 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 164 28 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 164 29 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 164 30 parameter parameter NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 164 31 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 164 32 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 164 33 minimum minimum NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 164 34 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 165 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 165 2 used use VBD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 165 3 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 165 4 R r NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 165 5 package package NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 165 6 ' ' `` cord-013275-n7sf5ude 165 7 entropy entropy NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 165 8 ' ' '' cord-013275-n7sf5ude 165 9 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 165 10 MI MI NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 165 11 calculations calculation NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 165 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 165 13 Hausser Hausser NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 165 14 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 165 15 Strimmer Strimmer NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 165 16 2009 2009 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 165 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 165 18 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 165 19 _SP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 166 1 Variation variation NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 166 2 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 166 3 ICER ICER NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 166 4 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 166 5 parameter parameter NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 166 6 elasticity elasticity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 166 7 by by IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 166 8 parameter parameter NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 166 9 value value NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 166 10 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 167 1 In in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 167 2 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 167 3 parameter parameter NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 167 4 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 167 5 analysis analysis NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 167 6 outlined outline VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 167 7 above above IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 167 8 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 167 9 uniform uniform JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 167 10 distribution distribution NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 167 11 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 167 12 used use VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 167 13 to to TO cord-013275-n7sf5ude 167 14 model model VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 167 15 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 167 16 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 167 17 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 167 18 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 167 19 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 167 20 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 167 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 167 22 mean mean VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 167 23 40 40 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 167 24 years year NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 167 25 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 167 26 range range VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 167 27 14 14 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 167 28 - - SYM cord-013275-n7sf5ude 167 29 66 66 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 167 30 years year NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 167 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 167 32 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 168 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 168 2 relax relax VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 168 3 this this DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 168 4 assumption assumption NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 168 5 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 168 6 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 168 7 secondary secondary JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 168 8 analysis analysis NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 168 9 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 168 10 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 168 11 by by IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 168 12 also also RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 168 13 running run VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 168 14 analyses analysis NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 168 15 with with IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 168 16 normal normal JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 168 17 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 168 18 Poisson Poisson NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 168 19 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 168 20 gamma gamma NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 168 21 distributions distribution NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 168 22 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 169 1 All all DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 169 2 distributions distribution NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 169 3 are be VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 169 4 fitted fit VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 169 5 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 169 6 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 169 7 data datum NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 169 8 on on IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 169 9 pandemic pandemic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 169 10 interval interval NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 169 11 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 169 12 Table Table NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 169 13 2 2 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 169 14 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 169 15 using use VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 169 16 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 169 17 fitdistrplus fitdistrplus JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 169 18 package package NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 169 19 within within IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 169 20 R R NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 169 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 169 22 Delignette Delignette NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 169 23 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 169 24 Muller Muller NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 169 25 et et NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 169 26 al al NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 169 27 . . NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 169 28 2012 2012 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 169 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 169 30 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 170 1 The the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 170 2 normal normal JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 170 3 distribution distribution NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 170 4 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 170 5 truncated truncate VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 170 6 at at IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 170 7 0 0 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 170 8 to to TO cord-013275-n7sf5ude 170 9 prevent prevent VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 170 10 sampling sampling NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 170 11 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 170 12 negative negative JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 170 13 values value NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 170 14 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 171 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 171 2 use use VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 171 3 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 171 4 MI MI NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 171 5 to to TO cord-013275-n7sf5ude 171 6 assess assess VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 171 7 whether whether IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 171 8 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 171 9 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 171 10 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 171 11 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 171 12 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 171 13 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 171 14 remains remain VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 171 15 important important JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 171 16 irrespective irrespective RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 171 17 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 171 18 sampling sampling NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 171 19 distribution distribution NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 171 20 choice choice NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 171 21 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 1 The the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 2 World World NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 3 Health Health NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 4 Organization Organization NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 5 recommends recommend VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 6 using use VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 7 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 8 costeffectiveness costeffectiveness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 9 threshold threshold NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 10 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 11 1 1 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 12 - - SYM cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 13 3 3 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 14 times time NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 15 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 16 national national JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 17 Gross Gross NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 18 Domestic Domestic NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 19 Product Product NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 21 GDP GDP NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 23 per per IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 24 capita capita FW cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 26 World World NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 27 Health Health NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 28 Organization Organization NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 29 2012 2012 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 31 ; ; : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 32 however however RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 33 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 34 there there EX cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 35 are be VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 36 many many JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 37 limitations limitation NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 38 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 39 using use VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 40 this this DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 41 rule rule NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 42 including include VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 43 situations situation NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 44 when when WRB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 45 funds fund NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 46 originate originate VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 47 from from IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 48 international international JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 49 organizations organization NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 50 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 51 Drake Drake NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 52 2013 2013 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 172 54 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 173 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 173 2 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 173 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 173 4 include include VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 173 5 an an DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 173 6 illustrative illustrative JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 173 7 calculation calculation NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 173 8 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 173 9 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 173 10 proportion proportion NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 173 11 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 173 12 simulations simulation NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 173 13 found find VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 173 14 to to TO cord-013275-n7sf5ude 173 15 be be VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 173 16 ' ' `` cord-013275-n7sf5ude 173 17 cost cost NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 173 18 effective effective NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 173 19 ' ' '' cord-013275-n7sf5ude 173 20 at at IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 173 21 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 173 22 threshold threshold NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 173 23 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 173 24 US$ us$ $ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 173 25 900 900 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 173 26 per per IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 173 27 DALY DALY NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 173 28 averted avert VBD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 173 29 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 173 30 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 173 31 GDP gdp NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 173 32 per per IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 173 33 capita capita NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 173 34 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 173 35 Cambodia Cambodia NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 173 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 173 37 World World NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 173 38 Bank Bank NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 173 39 2012 2012 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 173 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 173 41 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 1 The the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 2 mean mean JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 3 cost cost NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 4 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 5 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 6 1 1 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 7 million million CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 8 course course NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 9 stockpile stockpile NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 10 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 11 US$ us$ $ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 12 9 9 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 13 million million CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 15 median median NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 16 also also RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 17 US$ us$ $ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 18 9 9 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 19 m m CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 21 with with IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 22 mean mean NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 23 831 831 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 24 000 000 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 25 DALYs daly NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 26 averted avert VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 28 median median NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 29 : : : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 30 235 235 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 31 000 000 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 32 DALYs daly NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 33 averted avert VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 35 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 36 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 37 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 38 mean mean JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 39 ICER icer NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 40 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 41 US$ us$ $ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 42 28 28 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 43 375 375 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 44 per per IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 45 DALY DALY NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 46 averted avert VBD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 48 median median NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 49 : : : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 50 US$ us$ $ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 51 911 911 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 52 per per IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 53 DALY DALY NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 54 averted avert VBD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 55 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 174 56 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 175 1 Note note VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 175 2 that that IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 175 3 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 175 4 mean mean NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 175 5 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 175 6 median median JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 175 7 ICER ICER NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 175 8 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 175 9 calculated calculate VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 175 10 per per IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 175 11 Monte Monte NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 175 12 Carlo Carlo NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 175 13 simulation simulation NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 175 14 not not RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 175 15 from from IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 175 16 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 175 17 mean mean JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 175 18 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 175 19 median median JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 175 20 costs cost NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 175 21 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 175 22 DALYs daly NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 175 23 averted avert VBD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 175 24 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 176 1 Figure figure NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 176 2 2 2 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 176 3 shows show VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 176 4 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 176 5 spread spread NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 176 6 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 176 7 simulation simulation NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 176 8 results result NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 176 9 on on IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 176 10 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 176 11 cost cost NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 176 12 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 176 13 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 176 14 plane plane NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 176 15 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 177 1 Costs cost NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 177 2 range range VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 177 3 uniformly uniformly RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 177 4 between between IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 177 5 US$ us$ $ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 177 6 3 3 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 177 7 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 177 8 15 15 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 177 9 million million CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 177 10 while while IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 177 11 deaths death NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 177 12 averted avert VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 177 13 are be VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 177 14 highly highly RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 177 15 skewed skewed JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 177 16 with with IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 177 17 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 177 18 small small JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 177 19 number number NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 177 20 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 177 21 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 177 22 scenarios scenario NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 177 23 producing produce VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 177 24 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 177 25 high high JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 177 26 death death NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 177 27 toll toll NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 177 28 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 178 1 Univariate Univariate NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 178 2 analysis analysis NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 178 3 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 178 4 change change NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 178 5 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 178 6 ICER ICER NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 178 7 adjusting adjust VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 178 8 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 178 9 timing timing NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 178 10 according accord VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 178 11 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 178 12 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 178 13 intervals interval NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 178 14 from from IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 178 15 historical historical JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 178 16 data datum NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 178 17 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 178 18 presented present VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 178 19 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 178 20 Table Table NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 178 21 2 2 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 178 22 ; ; : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 178 23 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 178 24 range range NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 178 25 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 178 26 US$ us$ $ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 178 27 112 112 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 178 28 to to TO cord-013275-n7sf5ude 178 29 US$ us$ $ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 178 30 3599 3599 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 178 31 per per IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 178 32 DALY DALY NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 178 33 averted avert VBD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 178 34 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 179 1 In in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 179 2 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 179 3 probabilistic probabilistic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 179 4 analysis analysis NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 179 5 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 179 6 parameter parameter NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 179 7 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 179 8 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 179 9 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 179 10 are be VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 179 11 assessed assess VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 179 12 by by IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 179 13 calculation calculation NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 179 14 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 179 15 elasticity elasticity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 179 16 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 179 17 MI MI NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 179 18 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 179 19 respectively respectively RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 179 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 179 21 Table table NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 179 22 3 3 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 179 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 179 24 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 180 1 Using use VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 180 2 both both DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 180 3 measures measure NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 180 4 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 180 5 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 180 6 most most RBS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 180 7 ' ' `` cord-013275-n7sf5ude 180 8 important important JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 180 9 ' ' '' cord-013275-n7sf5ude 180 10 parameters parameter NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 180 11 identified identify VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 180 12 are be VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 180 13 discount discount NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 180 14 rate rate NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 180 15 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 180 16 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 180 17 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 180 18 topandemic topandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 180 19 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 181 1 These these DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 181 2 have have VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 181 3 an an DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 181 4 elasticity elasticity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 181 5 slightly slightly RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 181 6 greater great JJR cord-013275-n7sf5ude 181 7 than than IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 181 8 two two CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 181 9 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 181 10 indicating indicate VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 181 11 that that IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 181 12 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 181 13 on on IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 181 14 average average JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 181 15 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 181 16 an an DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 181 17 increase increase NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 181 18 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 181 19 discount discount NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 181 20 rate rate NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 181 21 or or CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 181 22 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 181 23 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 181 24 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 181 25 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 181 26 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 181 27 causes cause VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 181 28 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 181 29 greater great JJR cord-013275-n7sf5ude 181 30 than than IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 181 31 proportional proportional JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 181 32 increase increase NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 181 33 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 181 34 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 181 35 ICER ICER NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 181 36 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 182 1 All all DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 182 2 other other JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 182 3 parameters parameter NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 182 4 have have VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 182 5 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 182 6 mean mean JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 182 7 elasticity elasticity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 182 8 magnitude magnitude NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 182 9 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 182 10 1 1 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 182 11 indicating indicate VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 182 12 that that IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 182 13 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 182 14 change change NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 182 15 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 182 16 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 182 17 parameter parameter NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 182 18 causes cause VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 182 19 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 182 20 roughly roughly RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 182 21 proportional proportional JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 182 22 increase increase NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 182 23 or or CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 182 24 decrease decrease NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 182 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 182 26 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 182 27 negative negative JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 182 28 elasticities elasticity NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 182 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 182 30 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 182 31 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 182 32 ICER ICER NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 182 33 ; ; : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 182 34 that that DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 182 35 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 182 36 an an DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 182 37 doubling doubling NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 182 38 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 182 39 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 182 40 parameter parameter NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 182 41 value value NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 182 42 causes cause VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 182 43 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 182 44 ICER ICER NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 182 45 to to TO cord-013275-n7sf5ude 182 46 double double VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 182 47 or or CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 182 48 halve halve VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 182 49 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 182 50 respectively respectively RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 182 51 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 183 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 183 2 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 183 3 MI MI NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 183 4 scores score NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 183 5 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 183 6 discount discount NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 183 7 rate rate NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 183 8 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 183 9 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 183 10 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 183 11 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 183 12 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 183 13 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 183 14 are be VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 183 15 two two CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 183 16 to to TO cord-013275-n7sf5ude 183 17 three three CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 183 18 times time NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 183 19 larger large JJR cord-013275-n7sf5ude 183 20 than than IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 183 21 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 183 22 other other JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 183 23 parameters parameter NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 183 24 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 183 25 indicating indicate VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 183 26 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 183 27 greater great JJR cord-013275-n7sf5ude 183 28 contribution contribution NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 183 29 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 183 30 total total JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 183 31 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 183 32 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 183 33 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 183 34 ICER ICER NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 183 35 result result NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 183 36 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 184 1 Figure figure NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 184 2 3 3 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 184 3 presents present VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 184 4 how how WRB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 184 5 ICER ICER NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 184 6 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 184 7 elasticity elasticity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 184 8 vary vary VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 184 9 with with IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 184 10 each each DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 184 11 parameter parameter NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 184 12 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 185 1 The the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 185 2 first first JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 185 3 row row NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 185 4 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 185 5 Figure figure NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 185 6 3 3 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 185 7 shows show VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 185 8 how how WRB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 185 9 change change NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 185 10 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 185 11 input input NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 185 12 parameter parameter NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 185 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 185 14 x x NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 185 15 - - NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 185 16 axis axis NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 185 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 185 18 affects affect VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 185 19 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 185 20 ICER ICER NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 185 21 result result NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 185 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 185 23 y y NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 185 24 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 185 25 axis axis NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 185 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 185 27 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 186 1 Each each DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 186 2 point point NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 186 3 represents represent VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 186 4 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 186 5 model model NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 186 6 simulation simulation NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 186 7 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 186 8 skewness skewness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 186 9 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 186 10 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 186 11 distribution distribution NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 186 12 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 186 13 simulations simulation NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 186 14 reflects reflect VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 186 15 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 186 16 relationship relationship NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 186 17 between between IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 186 18 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 186 19 parameter parameter NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 186 20 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 186 21 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 186 22 ICER ICER NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 186 23 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 187 1 A a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 187 2 loess loess NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 187 3 mean mean NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 187 4 regression regression NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 187 5 line line NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 187 6 with with IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 187 7 95 95 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 187 8 % % NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 187 9 confidence confidence NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 187 10 interval interval NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 187 11 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 187 12 overlaid overlay VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 187 13 using use VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 187 14 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 187 15 R R NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 187 16 package package NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 187 17 ' ' `` cord-013275-n7sf5ude 187 18 ggplot ggplot NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 187 19 ' ' '' cord-013275-n7sf5ude 187 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 187 21 Wickham Wickham NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 187 22 2009 2009 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 187 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 187 24 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 188 1 The the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 188 2 second second JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 188 3 row row NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 188 4 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 188 5 Figure figure NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 188 6 3 3 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 188 7 also also RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 188 8 plots plot VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 188 9 change change NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 188 10 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 188 11 input input NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 188 12 parameter parameter NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 188 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 188 14 x x NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 188 15 - - NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 188 16 axis axis NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 188 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 188 18 but but CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 188 19 this this DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 188 20 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 188 21 against against IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 188 22 elasticity elasticity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 188 23 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 188 24 outlining outline VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 188 25 whether whether IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 188 26 parameter parameter NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 188 27 point point NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 188 28 elasticity elasticity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 188 29 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 188 30 dependent dependent JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 188 31 on on IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 188 32 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 188 33 value value NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 188 34 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 188 35 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 188 36 parameter parameter NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 188 37 being be VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 188 38 measured measure VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 188 39 or or CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 188 40 on on IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 188 41 other other JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 188 42 parameters parameter NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 188 43 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 189 1 Elasticity elasticity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 189 2 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 189 3 measured measure VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 189 4 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 189 5 each each DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 189 6 Monte Monte NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 189 7 Carlo Carlo NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 189 8 simulation simulation NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 189 9 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 189 10 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 189 11 each each DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 189 12 simulation simulation NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 189 13 probabilistically probabilistically RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 189 14 samples sample VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 189 15 from from IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 189 16 six six CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 189 17 model model NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 189 18 parameters parameter NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 189 19 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 189 20 so so IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 189 21 each each DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 189 22 elasticity elasticity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 189 23 measurement measurement NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 189 24 corresponds correspond VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 189 25 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 189 26 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 189 27 new new JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 189 28 model model NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 189 29 parameter parameter NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 189 30 set set VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 189 31 describing describe VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 189 32 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 189 33 new new JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 189 34 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 189 35 scenario scenario NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 189 36 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 190 1 For for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 190 2 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 190 3 hospitalization hospitalization NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 190 4 proportion proportion NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 190 5 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 190 6 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 190 7 case case NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 190 8 fatality fatality NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 190 9 proportion proportion NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 190 10 elasticity elasticity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 190 11 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 190 12 constant constant JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 190 13 at at IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 190 14 À1 À1 NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 190 15 irrespective irrespective NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 190 16 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 190 17 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 190 18 value value NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 190 19 at at IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 190 20 measurement measurement NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 190 21 or or CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 190 22 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 190 23 value value NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 190 24 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 190 25 other other JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 190 26 parameters parameter NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 190 27 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 191 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 191 2 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 191 3 intervention intervention NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 191 4 cost cost NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 191 5 has have VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 191 6 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 191 7 constant constant JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 191 8 elasticity elasticity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 191 9 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 191 10 1 1 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 191 11 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 192 1 Elasticity elasticity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 192 2 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 192 3 intervention intervention NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 192 4 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 192 5 increases increase VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 192 6 at at IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 192 7 greater great JJR cord-013275-n7sf5ude 192 8 parameter parameter NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 192 9 values value NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 192 10 but but CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 192 11 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 192 12 independent independent JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 192 13 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 192 14 other other JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 192 15 model model NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 192 16 parameter parameter NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 192 17 values value NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 192 18 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 193 1 The the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 193 2 elasticity elasticity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 193 3 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 193 4 discount discount NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 193 5 rate rate NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 193 6 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 193 7 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 193 8 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 193 9 topandemic topandemic NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 193 10 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 193 11 dependent dependent JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 193 12 not not RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 193 13 only only RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 193 14 on on IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 193 15 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 193 16 own own JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 193 17 parameter parameter NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 193 18 value value NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 193 19 but but CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 193 20 also also RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 193 21 on on IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 193 22 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 193 23 value value NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 193 24 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 193 25 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 193 26 other other JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 193 27 parameter parameter NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 193 28 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 194 1 That that RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 194 2 is is RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 194 3 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 194 4 there there EX cord-013275-n7sf5ude 194 5 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 194 6 an an DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 194 7 interaction interaction NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 194 8 between between IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 194 9 discount discount NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 194 10 rate rate NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 194 11 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 194 12 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 194 13 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 194 14 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 194 15 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 194 16 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 194 17 when when WRB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 194 18 assessing assess VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 194 19 elasticity elasticity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 194 20 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 195 1 The the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 195 2 uniform uniform JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 195 3 sampling sampling NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 195 4 distribution distribution NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 195 5 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 195 6 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 195 7 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 195 8 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 195 9 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 195 10 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 195 11 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 195 12 replaced replace VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 195 13 with with IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 195 14 gamma gamma NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 195 15 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 195 16 normal normal JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 195 17 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 195 18 Poisson Poisson NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 195 19 distributions distribution NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 195 20 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 195 21 repeating repeat VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 195 22 20 20 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 195 23 000 000 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 195 24 Monte Monte NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 195 25 Carlo Carlo NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 195 26 simulations simulation NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 195 27 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 195 28 each each DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 195 29 distribution distribution NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 195 30 type type NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 195 31 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 196 1 Mean mean JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 196 2 ICERs ICERs NNPS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 196 3 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 196 4 Uniform Uniform NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 196 5 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 196 6 Gamma Gamma NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 196 7 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 196 8 Normal normal JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 196 9 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 196 10 Poisson Poisson NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 196 11 distributions distribution NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 196 12 are be VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 196 13 US$ us$ $ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 196 14 28 28 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 196 15 375 375 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 196 16 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 196 17 US$ us$ $ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 196 18 78 78 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 196 19 809 809 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 196 20 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 196 21 US$ us$ $ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 196 22 33 33 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 196 23 006 006 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 196 24 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 196 25 US$ us$ $ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 196 26 10 10 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 196 27 199 199 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 196 28 per per IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 196 29 DALY DALY NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 196 30 averted avert VBD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 196 31 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 196 32 respectively respectively RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 196 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 196 34 Table table NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 196 35 4 4 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 196 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 196 37 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 197 1 The the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 197 2 proportion proportion NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 197 3 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 197 4 _SP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 197 5 Prior Prior NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 197 6 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 197 7 uniform uniform NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 197 8 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 197 9 gamma gamma NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 197 10 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 197 11 normal normal JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 197 12 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 197 13 Poisson Poisson NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 197 14 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 197 15 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 197 16 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 197 17 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 197 18 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 197 19 sampling sampling NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 197 20 distributions distribution NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 197 21 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 197 22 corresponding corresponding JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 197 23 ICER icer JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 197 24 output output NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 197 25 distribution distribution NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 197 26 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 1 simulations simulation NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 2 cost cost VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 3 effective effective JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 4 at at IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 5 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 6 willingness willingness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 7 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 8 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 9 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 10 pay pay NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 11 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 12 US$ us$ $ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 13 900 900 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 14 per per IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 15 DALY DALY NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 16 averted avert VBD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 17 does do VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 18 not not RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 19 differ differ VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 20 substantially substantially RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 21 with with IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 22 different different JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 23 timeto timeto NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 24 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 25 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 26 sampling sampling NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 27 distributions distribution NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 28 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 29 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 30 contribution contribution NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 31 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 32 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 33 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 34 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 35 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 36 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 37 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 38 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 39 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 40 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 41 ICER ICER NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 42 remains remain VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 43 high high RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 44 compared compare VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 45 with with IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 46 other other JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 47 model model NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 48 parameters parameter NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 49 as as IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 50 measured measure VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 51 by by IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 52 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 53 MI MI NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 198 54 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 199 1 This this DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 199 2 can can MD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 199 3 be be VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 199 4 seen see VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 199 5 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 199 6 Figure figure NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 199 7 4 4 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 199 8 which which WDT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 199 9 presents present VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 199 10 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 199 11 prior prior JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 199 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 199 13 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 199 14 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 199 15 topandemic topandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 199 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 199 17 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 199 18 posterior posterior JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 199 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 199 20 ICER ICER NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 199 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 199 22 probability probability NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 199 23 density density NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 199 24 curves curve NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 199 25 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 200 1 The the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 200 2 shape shape NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 200 3 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 200 4 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 200 5 posterior posterior JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 200 6 or or CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 200 7 ICER icer JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 200 8 probability probability NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 200 9 density density NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 200 10 curve curve NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 200 11 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 200 12 consistent consistent JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 200 13 irrespective irrespective RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 200 14 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 200 15 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 200 16 prior prior JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 200 17 or or CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 200 18 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 200 19 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 200 20 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 200 21 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 200 22 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 200 23 distribution distribution NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 200 24 choice choice NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 200 25 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 201 1 The the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 201 2 results result NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 201 3 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 201 4 this this DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 201 5 analysis analysis NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 201 6 demonstrate demonstrate VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 201 7 that that IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 201 8 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 201 9 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 201 10 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 201 11 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 201 12 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 201 13 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 201 14 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 201 15 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 201 16 important important JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 201 17 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 201 18 pandemic pandemic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 201 19 cost cost NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 201 20 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 201 21 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 201 22 models model NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 201 23 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 202 1 Both both DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 202 2 univariate univariate JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 202 3 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 202 4 multivariate multivariate JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 202 5 measures measure NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 202 6 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 202 7 elasticity elasticity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 202 8 found find VBD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 202 9 that that IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 202 10 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 202 11 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 202 12 model model NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 202 13 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 202 14 ICER ICER NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 202 15 was be VBD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 202 16 most most RBS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 202 17 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 202 18 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 202 19 changes change NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 202 20 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 202 21 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 202 22 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 202 23 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 202 24 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 202 25 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 202 26 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 202 27 discount discount NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 202 28 rate rate NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 202 29 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 203 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 203 2 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 203 3 MI MI NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 203 4 analysis analysis NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 203 5 found find VBD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 203 6 that that IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 203 7 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 203 8 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 203 9 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 203 10 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 203 11 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 203 12 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 203 13 discount discount NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 203 14 rate rate NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 203 15 were be VBD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 203 16 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 203 17 principle principle JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 203 18 drivers driver NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 203 19 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 203 20 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 203 21 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 203 22 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 203 23 model model NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 203 24 results result NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 203 25 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 204 1 Uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 204 2 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 204 3 pandemic pandemic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 204 4 hospitalization hospitalization NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 204 5 rate rate NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 204 6 was be VBD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 204 7 also also RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 204 8 important important JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 204 9 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 204 10 as as IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 204 11 would would MD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 204 12 be be VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 204 13 expected expect VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 204 14 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 205 1 While while IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 205 2 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 205 3 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 205 4 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 205 5 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 205 6 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 205 7 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 205 8 important important JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 205 9 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 205 10 choice choice NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 205 11 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 205 12 sampling sampling NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 205 13 distribution distribution NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 205 14 was be VBD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 205 15 less less RBR cord-013275-n7sf5ude 205 16 so so RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 205 17 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 205 18 with with IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 205 19 similar similar JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 205 20 contributions contribution NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 205 21 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 205 22 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 205 23 resulting result VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 205 24 from from IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 205 25 uniform uniform NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 205 26 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 205 27 gamma gamma NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 205 28 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 205 29 normal normal JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 205 30 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 205 31 Poisson Poisson NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 205 32 distributions distribution NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 205 33 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 206 1 Pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 206 2 cost cost NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 206 3 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 206 4 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 206 5 models model NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 206 6 should should MD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 206 7 either either CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 206 8 take take VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 206 9 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 206 10 probabilistic probabilistic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 206 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 206 12 Bayesian Bayesian NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 206 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 206 14 modelling modelling NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 206 15 approach approach NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 206 16 to to TO cord-013275-n7sf5ude 206 17 incorporate incorporate VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 206 18 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 206 19 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 206 20 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 206 21 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 206 22 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 206 23 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 206 24 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 206 25 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 206 26 other other JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 206 27 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 206 28 parameters parameter NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 206 29 into into IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 206 30 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 206 31 base base NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 206 32 case case NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 206 33 analysis analysis NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 206 34 or or CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 206 35 conduct conduct VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 206 36 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 206 37 full full JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 206 38 probabilistic probabilistic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 206 39 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 206 40 analysis analysis NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 206 41 around around IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 206 42 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 206 43 fixed fix VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 206 44 base base NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 206 45 case case NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 206 46 scenario scenario NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 206 47 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 207 1 The the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 207 2 large large JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 207 3 amount amount NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 207 4 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 207 5 pandemic pandemic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 207 6 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 207 7 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 207 8 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 207 9 model model NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 207 10 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 207 11 which which WDT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 207 12 can can MD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 207 13 not not RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 207 14 easily easily RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 207 15 be be VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 207 16 reduced reduce VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 207 17 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 207 18 may may MD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 207 19 mean mean VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 207 20 that that IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 207 21 reducing reduce VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 207 22 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 207 23 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 207 24 other other JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 207 25 parameters parameter NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 207 26 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 207 27 such such JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 207 28 as as IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 207 29 treatment treatment NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 207 30 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 207 31 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 207 32 offers offer VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 207 33 minimal minimal JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 207 34 improvement improvement NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 207 35 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 207 36 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 207 37 usefulness usefulness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 207 38 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 207 39 pandemic pandemic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 207 40 cost cost NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 207 41 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 207 42 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 207 43 models model NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 207 44 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 208 1 One one CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 208 2 additional additional JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 208 3 aspect aspect NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 208 4 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 208 5 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 208 6 relationship relationship NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 208 7 between between IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 208 8 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 208 9 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 208 10 topandemic topandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 208 11 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 208 12 cost cost NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 208 13 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 208 14 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 208 15 that that IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 208 16 if if IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 208 17 year year NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 208 18 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 208 19 on on IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 208 20 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 208 21 year year NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 208 22 no no DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 208 23 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 208 24 occurs occur VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 208 25 then then RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 208 26 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 208 27 expected expect VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 208 28 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 208 29 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 208 30 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 208 31 decreases decrease NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 208 32 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 208 33 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 208 34 expected expect VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 208 35 cost cost NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 208 36 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 208 37 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 208 38 investment investment NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 208 39 rises rise NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 208 40 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 209 1 Ironically ironically RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 209 2 there there EX cord-013275-n7sf5ude 209 3 may may MD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 209 4 be be VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 209 5 an an DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 209 6 inverse inverse JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 209 7 relationship relationship NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 209 8 between between IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 209 9 cost cost NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 209 10 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 209 11 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 209 12 likelihood likelihood NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 209 13 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 209 14 investment investment NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 209 15 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 209 16 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 209 17 preparedness preparedness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 209 18 measures measure NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 209 19 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 209 20 i.e. i.e. FW cord-013275-n7sf5ude 209 21 decision decision NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 209 22 makers maker NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 209 23 are be VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 209 24 more more RBR cord-013275-n7sf5ude 209 25 likely likely JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 209 26 to to TO cord-013275-n7sf5ude 209 27 act act VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 209 28 on on IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 209 29 pandemic pandemic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 209 30 preparedness preparedness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 209 31 immediately immediately RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 209 32 following follow VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 209 33 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 209 34 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 209 35 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 209 36 interest interest NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 209 37 wanes wane NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 209 38 with with IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 209 39 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 209 40 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 210 1 The the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 210 2 consequence consequence NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 210 3 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 210 4 discounting discount VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 210 5 future future JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 210 6 health health NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 210 7 losses loss NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 210 8 leads lead VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 210 9 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 210 10 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 210 11 greater great JJR cord-013275-n7sf5ude 210 12 emphasis emphasis NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 210 13 on on IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 210 14 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 210 15 short short JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 210 16 term term NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 210 17 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 211 1 Should Should MD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 211 2 standard standard JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 211 3 rate rate NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 211 4 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 211 5 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 211 6 preference preference NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 211 7 be be VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 211 8 applied apply VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 211 9 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 211 10 events event NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 211 11 with with IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 211 12 potentially potentially RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 211 13 catastrophic catastrophic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 211 14 impact impact NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 211 15 ? ? . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 212 1 Are be VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 212 2 population population NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 212 3 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 212 4 preferences preference NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 212 5 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 212 6 line line NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 212 7 with with IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 212 8 individual individual JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 212 9 preferences preference NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 212 10 ? ? . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 213 1 Individual individual JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 213 2 preferences preference NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 213 3 can can MD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 213 4 betray betray VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 213 5 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 213 6 public public JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 213 7 good good NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 213 8 as as IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 213 9 seen see VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 213 10 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 213 11 individual individual NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 213 12 vs vs IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 213 13 social social JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 213 14 demand demand NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 213 15 curves curve NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 213 16 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 213 17 vaccine vaccine NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 213 18 uptake uptake NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 213 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 213 20 Fine fine JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 213 21 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 213 22 Clarkson Clarkson NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 213 23 1986 1986 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 213 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 213 25 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 214 1 If if IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 214 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 214 3 take take VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 214 4 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 214 5 long long JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 214 6 run run NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 214 7 perspective perspective NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 214 8 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 214 9 individuals individual NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 214 10 come come VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 214 11 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 214 12 go go VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 214 13 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 214 14 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 214 15 so so RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 214 16 they -PRON- PRP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 214 17 have have VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 214 18 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 214 19 clear clear JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 214 20 timepreference timepreference NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 214 21 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 214 22 but but CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 214 23 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 214 24 population population NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 214 25 remains remain VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 214 26 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 215 1 In in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 215 2 effect effect NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 215 3 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 215 4 problem problem NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 215 5 becomes become VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 215 6 philosophical philosophical JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 215 7 ; ; : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 215 8 relating relate VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 215 9 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 215 10 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 215 11 current current JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 215 12 generation generation NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 215 13 's 's POS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 215 14 responsibility responsibility NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 215 15 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 215 16 future future JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 215 17 generations generation NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 215 18 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 216 1 This this DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 216 2 problem problem NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 216 3 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 216 4 mirrored mirror VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 216 5 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 216 6 other other JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 216 7 population population NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 216 8 level level NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 216 9 challenges challenge NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 216 10 such such JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 216 11 as as IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 216 12 climate climate NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 216 13 change change NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 216 14 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 216 15 national national JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 216 16 debt debt NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 216 17 accumulation accumulation NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 216 18 or or CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 216 19 risk risk NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 216 20 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 216 21 redundant redundant JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 216 22 antibiotics antibiotic NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 216 23 resulting result VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 216 24 from from IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 216 25 widespread widespread JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 216 26 antibiotic antibiotic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 216 27 usage usage NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 216 28 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 217 1 This this DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 217 2 analysis analysis NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 217 3 points point VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 217 4 towards towards IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 217 5 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 217 6 heavy heavy JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 217 7 impact impact NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 217 8 that that DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 217 9 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 217 10 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 217 11 preferences preference NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 217 12 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 217 13 individuals individual NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 217 14 has have VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 217 15 on on IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 217 16 these these DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 217 17 decision decision NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 217 18 contexts context NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 217 19 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 218 1 Further further JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 218 2 work work NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 218 3 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 218 4 needed need VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 218 5 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 218 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 218 7 re)establish re)establish JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 218 8 norms norm NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 218 9 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 218 10 discounting discount VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 218 11 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 218 12 these these DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 218 13 contexts context NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 218 14 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 219 1 Central central JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 219 2 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 219 3 this this DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 219 4 will will MD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 219 5 be be VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 219 6 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 219 7 question question NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 219 8 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 219 9 whether whether IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 219 10 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 219 11 preferences preference NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 219 12 are be VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 219 13 different different JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 219 14 when when WRB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 219 15 individuals individual NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 219 16 make make VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 219 17 decisions decision NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 219 18 as as IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 219 19 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 219 20 community community NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 219 21 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 219 22 whether whether IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 219 23 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 219 24 preferences preference NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 219 25 differ differ VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 219 26 with with IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 219 27 very very RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 219 28 high high JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 219 29 impact impact NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 219 30 events event NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 219 31 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 219 32 whether whether IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 219 33 discount discount NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 219 34 rates rate NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 219 35 are be VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 219 36 indeed indeed RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 219 37 constant constant JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 219 38 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 219 39 long long JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 219 40 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 219 41 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 219 42 spans span NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 219 43 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 220 1 This this DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 220 2 study study NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 220 3 has have VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 220 4 several several JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 220 5 limitations limitation NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 220 6 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 221 1 The the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 221 2 model model NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 221 3 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 221 4 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 221 5 simple simple JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 221 6 decision decision NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 221 7 tree tree NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 221 8 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 221 9 does do VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 221 10 not not RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 221 11 include include VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 221 12 more more RBR cord-013275-n7sf5ude 221 13 sophisticated sophisticated JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 221 14 model model NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 221 15 structures structure NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 221 16 recommended recommend VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 221 17 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 221 18 pandemic pandemic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 221 19 preparedness preparedness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 221 20 cost cost NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 221 21 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 221 22 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 221 23 analysis analysis NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 221 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 221 25 Lugnér Lugnér NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 221 26 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 221 27 Postma Postma NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 221 28 2009a 2009a CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 221 29 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 221 30 b b NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 221 31 ; ; : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 221 32 Drake Drake NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 221 33 et et NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 221 34 al al NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 221 35 . . NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 221 36 2012 2012 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 221 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 221 38 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 222 1 However however RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 222 2 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 222 3 this this DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 222 4 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 222 5 not not RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 222 6 likely likely JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 222 7 to to TO cord-013275-n7sf5ude 222 8 be be VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 222 9 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 222 10 significant significant JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 222 11 problem problem NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 222 12 as as IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 222 13 these these DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 222 14 approaches approach NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 222 15 aim aim VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 222 16 to to TO cord-013275-n7sf5ude 222 17 more more RBR cord-013275-n7sf5ude 222 18 accurately accurately RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 222 19 assess assess VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 222 20 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 222 21 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 222 22 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 222 23 pandemic pandemic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 222 24 preparedness preparedness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 222 25 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 222 26 interventions intervention NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 222 27 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 222 28 therefore therefore RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 222 29 would would MD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 222 30 be be VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 222 31 unlikely unlikely JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 222 32 to to TO cord-013275-n7sf5ude 222 33 lead lead VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 222 34 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 222 35 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 222 36 lower low JJR cord-013275-n7sf5ude 222 37 estimate estimate NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 222 38 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 222 39 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 222 40 importance importance NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 222 41 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 222 42 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 222 43 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 222 44 topandemic topandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 222 45 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 223 1 The the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 223 2 model model NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 223 3 also also RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 223 4 only only RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 223 5 considers consider VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 223 6 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 223 7 stockpiling stockpiling NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 223 8 as as IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 223 9 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 223 10 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 223 11 preparedness preparedness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 223 12 measure measure NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 223 13 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 224 1 Other other JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 224 2 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 224 3 preparedness preparedness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 224 4 options option NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 224 5 may may MD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 224 6 not not RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 224 7 require require VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 224 8 upfront upfront JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 224 9 investment investment NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 224 10 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 224 11 such such JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 224 12 as as IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 224 13 social social JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 224 14 distancing distance VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 224 15 measures measure NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 224 16 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 224 17 response response NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 224 18 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 224 19 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 224 20 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 224 21 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 224 22 therefore therefore RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 224 23 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 224 24 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 224 25 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 224 26 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 224 27 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 224 28 would would MD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 224 29 not not RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 224 30 be be VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 224 31 an an DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 224 32 issue issue NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 224 33 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 225 1 Pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 225 2 preparedness preparedness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 225 3 requires require VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 225 4 upfront upfront JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 225 5 investment investment NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 225 6 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 225 7 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 225 8 benefits benefit NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 225 9 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 225 10 this this DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 225 11 investment investment NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 225 12 are be VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 225 13 only only RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 225 14 realized realize VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 225 15 during during IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 225 16 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 225 17 course course NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 225 18 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 225 19 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 225 20 next next JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 225 21 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 225 22 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 225 23 an an DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 225 24 unknown unknown JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 225 25 number number NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 225 26 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 225 27 years year NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 225 28 after after IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 225 29 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 225 30 investment investment NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 225 31 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 226 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 226 2 find find VBP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 226 3 that that IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 226 4 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 226 5 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 226 6 economic economic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 226 7 evaluation evaluation NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 226 8 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 226 9 pandemic pandemic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 226 10 preparedness preparedness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 226 11 investments investment NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 226 12 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 226 13 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 226 14 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 226 15 timeto timeto NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 226 16 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 226 17 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 226 18 is be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 226 19 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 226 20 dominant dominant JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 226 21 factor factor NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 226 22 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 226 23 model model NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 226 24 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 226 25 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 227 1 Mathematical mathematical JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 227 2 models model NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 227 3 to to TO cord-013275-n7sf5ude 227 4 assess assess VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 227 5 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 227 6 cost cost NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 227 7 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 227 8 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 227 9 pandemic pandemic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 227 10 preparedness preparedness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 227 11 options option NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 227 12 should should MD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 227 13 include include VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 227 14 probabilistic probabilistic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 227 15 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 227 16 or or CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 227 17 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 227 18 analysis analysis NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 227 19 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 227 20 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 227 21 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 227 22 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 227 23 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 227 24 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 227 25 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 228 1 At at IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 228 2 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 228 3 same same JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 228 4 time time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 228 5 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 228 6 steps step NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 228 7 should should MD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 228 8 be be VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 228 9 taken take VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 228 10 to to TO cord-013275-n7sf5ude 228 11 carefully carefully RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 228 12 consider consider VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 228 13 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 228 14 most most RBS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 228 15 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 228 16 approach approach NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 228 17 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 228 18 discounting discount VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 228 19 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 228 20 impact impact NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 228 21 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 228 22 future future JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 228 23 catastrophic catastrophic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 228 24 events event NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 228 25 such such JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 228 26 as as IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 228 27 pandemics pandemic NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 228 28 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 1 Cost cost NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 2 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 3 benefit benefit NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 4 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 5 stockpiling stockpile VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 6 drugs drug NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 7 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 8 influenza influenza NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 9 pandemic pandemic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 10 Mutual mutual JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 11 information information NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 12 analysis analysis NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 13 : : : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 14 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 15 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 16 study study NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 17 Discounting discount VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 18 health health NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 19 effects effect NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 20 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 21 pharmacoeconomic pharmacoeconomic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 22 evaluations evaluation NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 23 : : : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 24 current current JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 25 controversies controversy NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 26 Strategies strategy NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 27 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 28 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 29 stockpiling stockpiling NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 30 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 31 future future JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 32 influenza influenza NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 33 pandemics pandemic NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 34 : : : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 35 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 36 global global JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 37 epidemiceconomic epidemiceconomic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 38 perspective perspective NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 39 Emerging emerge VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 40 infectious infectious JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 41 diseases disease NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 42 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 43 southeast southeast JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 44 Asia Asia NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 45 : : : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 46 regional regional JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 47 challenges challenge NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 48 to to TO cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 49 control control VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 50 Comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 51 decision decision NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 52 analytical analytical JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 53 modelling modelling NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 54 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 55 economic economic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 56 evaluation evaluation NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 57 : : : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 58 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 59 Bayesian bayesian JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 60 approach approach NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 61 Measures measure NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 62 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 63 importance importance NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 64 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 65 economic economic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 66 analysis analysis NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 67 based base VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 68 on on IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 69 decision decision NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 70 modeling modeling NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 71 fitdistrplus fitdistrplus NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 72 : : : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 73 to to TO cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 74 fit fit VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 75 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 76 parametric parametric JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 77 distribution distribution NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 78 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 79 non non JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 80 - - JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 81 censored censor VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 82 or or CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 83 censored censor VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 84 data datum NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 85 A a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 86 counterpart counterpart NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 87 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 88 Jensen Jensen NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 89 's 's POS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 90 discrete discrete JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 91 inequality inequality NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 92 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 93 differentiable differentiable JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 94 convex convex JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 95 mappings mapping NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 96 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 97 applications application NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 98 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 99 information information NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 100 theory theory NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 101 Priority priority NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 102 setting set VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 103 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 104 global global JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 105 health health NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 106 : : : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 107 towards towards IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 108 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 109 minimum minimum JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 110 DALY DALY NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 111 value value NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 229 112 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 230 1 Health Health NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 230 2 Economics Economics NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 230 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 230 4 early early JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 230 5 view view NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 230 6 online online JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 230 7 Cost cost NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 230 8 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 230 9 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 230 10 analysis analysis NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 230 11 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 230 12 pandemic pandemic NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 230 13 influenza influenza NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 230 14 preparedness preparedness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 230 15 : : : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 231 1 what what WP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 231 2 's be VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 231 3 missing miss VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 231 4 ? ? . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 232 1 Uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 232 2 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 232 3 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 232 4 analyses analysis NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 232 5 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 232 6 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 232 7 dynamic dynamic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 232 8 economic economic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 232 9 evaluation evaluation NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 232 10 model model NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 232 11 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 232 12 vaccination vaccination NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 232 13 programs program NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 232 14 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 232 15 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 232 16 planning plan VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 232 17 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 232 18 Switzerland Switzerland NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 232 19 - - : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 232 20 an an DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 232 21 economic economic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 232 22 perspective perspective NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 232 23 Individual individual JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 232 24 versus versus IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 232 25 public public JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 232 26 priorities priority NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 232 27 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 232 28 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 232 29 determination determination NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 232 30 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 232 31 optimal optimal JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 232 32 vaccination vaccination NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 232 33 policies policy NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 1 Independent independent JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 2 coordinates coordinate VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 3 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 4 strange strange JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 5 attractors attractor NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 6 from from IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 7 mutual mutual JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 8 information information NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 9 Cost cost NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 10 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 11 effective effective JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 12 strategies strategy NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 13 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 14 mitigating mitigate VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 15 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 16 future future JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 17 influenza influenza NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 18 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 19 with with IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 20 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 21 2009 2009 CD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 22 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 23 Entropy Entropy NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 24 inference inference NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 25 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 26 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 27 James James NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 28 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 29 Stein Stein NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 30 estimator estimator NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 31 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 32 with with IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 33 application application NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 34 to to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 35 nonlinear nonlinear JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 36 gene gene NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 37 association association NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 38 networks network NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 39 Global global JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 40 trends trend NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 41 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 42 emerging emerge VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 43 infectious infectious JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 44 diseases disease NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 45 Economic economic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 46 analysis analysis NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 47 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 48 pandemic pandemic NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 49 influenza influenza NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 50 vaccination vaccination NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 51 strategies strategy NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 52 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 53 Singapore Singapore NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 54 Investment Investment NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 55 decisions decision NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 56 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 57 influenza influenza JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 58 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 59 contingency contingency NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 60 planning planning NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 61 : : : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 62 cost cost NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 63 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 64 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 65 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 66 stockpiling stockpile VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 67 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 68 drugs drug NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 69 Mitigation Mitigation NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 70 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 71 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 72 influenza influenza NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 73 : : : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 74 review review NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 75 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 76 cost cost NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 77 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 78 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 233 79 studies study NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 234 1 The the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 234 2 economic economic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 234 3 impact impact NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 234 4 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 234 5 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 234 6 influenza influenza NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 234 7 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 234 8 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 234 9 United United NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 234 10 States States NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 234 11 : : : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 234 12 priorities priority NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 234 13 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 234 14 intervention intervention NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 234 15 Cost cost NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 234 16 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 234 17 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 234 18 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 234 19 pharmaceutical pharmaceutical NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 234 20 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 234 21 based base VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 234 22 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 234 23 influenza influenza NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 234 24 mitigation mitigation NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 234 25 strategies strategy NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 235 1 A a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 235 2 Primer Primer NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 235 3 on on IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 235 4 Bayesian Bayesian NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 235 5 Statistics Statistics NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 235 6 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 235 7 Health Health NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 235 8 Economics Economics NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 235 9 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 235 10 Outcomes Outcomes NNPS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 235 11 Research Research NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 236 1 Systematic systematic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 236 2 review review NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 236 3 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 236 4 economic economic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 236 5 evaluations evaluation NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 236 6 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 236 7 preparedness preparedness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 236 8 strategies strategy NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 236 9 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 236 10 interventions intervention NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 236 11 against against IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 236 12 influenza influenza NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 236 13 pandemics pandemic NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 237 1 A a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 237 2 history history NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 237 3 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 237 4 influenza influenza NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 237 5 Discounting discount VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 237 6 health health NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 237 7 outcomes outcome NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 237 8 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 237 9 economic economic JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 237 10 evaluation evaluation NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 237 11 : : : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 237 12 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 237 13 ongoing ongoing JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 237 14 debate debate NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 237 15 Cost cost NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 237 16 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 237 17 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 237 18 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 237 19 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 237 20 stockpiling stockpiling NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 237 21 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 237 22 near near JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 237 23 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 237 24 patient patient NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 237 25 testing testing NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 237 26 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 237 27 potential potential JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 237 28 influenza influenza NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 237 29 pandemic pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 237 30 Animal Animal NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 237 31 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 237 32 Pandemic Pandemic NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 237 33 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 238 1 : : : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 238 2 A a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 238 3 Framework Framework NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 238 4 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 238 5 Sustaining sustain VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 238 6 Momentum momentum NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 239 1 Mutual mutual JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 239 2 information information NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 239 3 analysis analysis NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 239 4 : : : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 1 how how WRB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 2 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 3 when when WRB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 4 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 5 why why WRB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 6 Defining define VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 7 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 8 : : : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 9 a a DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 10 conceptual conceptual JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 11 basis basis NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 12 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 13 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 14 management management NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 15 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 16 model model NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 17 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 18 based base VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 19 decision decision NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 20 support support NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 21 Methods method NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 22 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 23 assessing assess VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 24 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 25 cost cost NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 26 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 27 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 28 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 29 public public JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 30 health health NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 31 interventions intervention NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 32 : : : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 33 key key JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 34 challenges challenge NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 35 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 36 recommendations recommendation NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 37 Predictions prediction NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 38 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 39 future future JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 40 human human JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 41 influenza influenza NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 42 pandemics pandemic NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 43 ggplot2 ggplot2 NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 44 : : : cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 45 Elegant Elegant NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 46 Graphics Graphics NNPS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 47 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 48 Data Data NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 49 Analysis Analysis NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 50 World World NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 51 Bank Bank NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 52 World World NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 53 Health Health NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 240 54 Organization Organization NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 241 1 The the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 241 2 authors author NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 241 3 would would MD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 241 4 like like VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 241 5 to to TO cord-013275-n7sf5ude 241 6 thank thank VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 241 7 Korbinian Korbinian NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 241 8 Strimmer Strimmer NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 241 9 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 241 10 advice advice NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 241 11 on on IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 241 12 calculating calculate VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 241 13 MI MI NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 241 14 using use VBG cord-013275-n7sf5ude 241 15 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 241 16 R r NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 241 17 ' ' `` cord-013275-n7sf5ude 241 18 entropy entropy NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 241 19 ' ' '' cord-013275-n7sf5ude 241 20 package package NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 241 21 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 241 22 Yoel Yoel NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 241 23 Lubell Lubell NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 241 24 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 241 25 comments comment NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 241 26 on on IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 241 27 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 241 28 study study NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 241 29 aims aim VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 241 30 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 241 31 methods method NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 241 32 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 242 1 The the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 242 2 work work NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 242 3 was be VBD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 242 4 supported support VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 242 5 by by IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 242 6 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 242 7 German German NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 242 8 Federal Federal NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 242 9 Ministry Ministry NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 242 10 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 242 11 Economic Economic NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 242 12 Cooperation Cooperation NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 242 13 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 242 14 Development Development NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 242 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 242 16 BMZ BMZ NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 242 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 242 18 as as IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 242 19 part part NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 242 20 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 242 21 Deutsche Deutsche NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 242 22 Gesellschaft Gesellschaft NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 242 23 für für NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 242 24 Internationale Internationale NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 242 25 Zusammenarbeit Zusammenarbeit NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 242 26 's 's POS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 242 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 242 28 GIZ GIZ NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 242 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-013275-n7sf5ude 242 30 German german JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 242 31 Pandemic Pandemic NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 242 32 Preparedness Preparedness NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 242 33 Initiative Initiative NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 242 34 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 243 1 Ethical ethical JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 243 2 approval approval NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 243 3 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 243 4 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 243 5 wider wide JJR cord-013275-n7sf5ude 243 6 project project NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 243 7 has have VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 243 8 been be VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 243 9 granted grant VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 243 10 by by IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 243 11 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 243 12 Ministry Ministry NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 243 13 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 243 14 Health Health NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 243 15 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 243 16 Cambodia Cambodia NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 243 17 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 243 18 the the DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 243 19 London London NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 243 20 School School NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 243 21 of of IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 243 22 Hygiene Hygiene NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 243 23 and and CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 243 24 Tropical Tropical NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 243 25 Medicine Medicine NNP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 243 26 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 244 1 No no DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 244 2 empirical empirical JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 244 3 data datum NNS cord-013275-n7sf5ude 244 4 was be VBD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 244 5 collected collect VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 244 6 for for IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 244 7 this this DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 244 8 study study NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 244 9 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 245 1 This this DT cord-013275-n7sf5ude 245 2 manuscript manuscript NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 245 3 has have VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 245 4 not not RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 245 5 been be VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 245 6 published publish VBN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 245 7 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 245 8 whole whole JJ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 245 9 or or CC cord-013275-n7sf5ude 245 10 in in IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 245 11 part part NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 245 12 elsewhere elsewhere RB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 245 13 . . . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 246 1 TIME time NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 246 2 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 246 3 TO to IN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 246 4 - - HYPH cord-013275-n7sf5ude 246 5 PANDEMIC pandemic NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 246 6 UNCERTAINTY uncertainty NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 246 7 , , , cord-013275-n7sf5ude 246 8 DOES do VBZ cord-013275-n7sf5ude 246 9 IT it PRP cord-013275-n7sf5ude 246 10 MATTER matter VB cord-013275-n7sf5ude 246 11 ? ? . cord-013275-n7sf5ude 247 1 None none NN cord-013275-n7sf5ude 247 2 declared declare VBD cord-013275-n7sf5ude 247 3 . . .