# bib

id: cord-336549-xjrrw0wr
title: Antivirus-built environment: lessons learned from covid-19 pandemic
author: Megahed, Naglaa A.
date: 2020-06-24
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url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32834930/
doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102350
summary:
  This study encourages the search for suitable design ideas, trends, and planning theories to provide the required protection from virus attacks and continue to add more layers in the defense system of our built environment. Architects, planners, and built environment professionals are keen to examine many social and spatial implications to generate new patterns and configurations of use (Paital, 2020; Salama, 2020 problems and challenges in all building types and urban spaces as illustrated in Figure 1 . Although the situation is still unfolding, the COVID-19 pandemic has already highlighted the importance of certain design concepts and reassessed fundamental assumptions in urban and architecture approaches. The right design and planning strategies now could help to position our built environment in the post-pandemic era. We could more effectively use healthy design and planning strategies to face pandemics and create a less pullulated, more sustainable architecture, and urbanism in general.

abstract:
  Before developing medications for an epidemic, one solution is to go back to the physical and built environment to reduce its impact. Epidemics have transformed our built environment because of the fear of infection. Consequently, architecture and urbanism after the Covid-19 epidemic will never be the same. Although the current global epidemic poses a challenge at all levels in the built environment, it will take time to develop an antivirus-enabled paradigm to reduce the potential risks or stop the virus from spreading. This study imagines what the antivirus-built environment looks like based on the lessons learned and the importance of designing a healthy and sustainable built environment. Many unanswered questions require further multidisciplinary studies. We aim to search for answers and learn from this forced experiment to add additional security layers to overcome future virus-like attacks.


id: cord-336845-7ofgekoj
title: Effects of COVID-19 on Business and Research
author: Donthu, Naveen
date: 2020-06-09
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url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0148296320303830
doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.06.008
summary:
  In total, there are 12 papers that cover different industry sectors (e.g., tourism, retail, higher education), changes in consumer behavior and businesses, ethical issues, and aspects related to employees and leadership. We should also make an effort to learn from the consequences of pandemic outbreaks to prepare our societies for if-and, more likely, when-this happens again. Our societies are more open than ever; we rely on the importing of important products, such as food, energy, and medical equipment, rather than sourcing them from close to where they are needed; and there are limited efforts to prepare for pandemic outbreaks. The first contribution, by Jagdish Sheth, is titled "Impact of COVID-19 on Consumer Behavior: Will the Old Habits Return or Die?" It explores how the current pandemic has affected several aspects of consumers'' lives, ranging from personal mobility to retail shopping, attendance at major life events like marriage ceremonies, having children, and relocation.

abstract:
  Abstract The COVID-19 outbreak is a sharp reminder that pandemics, like other rarely occurring catastrophes, have happened in the past and will continue to happen in the future. Even if we cannot prevent dangerous viruses from emerging, we should prepare to dampen their effects on society. The current outbreak has had severe economic consequences across the globe, and it does not look like any country will be unaffected. This not only has consequences for the economy; all of society is affected, which has led to dramatic changes in how businesses act and consumers behave. This special issue is a global effort to address some of the pandemic-related issues affecting society. In total, there are 12 papers that cover different industry sectors (e.g., tourism, retail, higher education), changes in consumer behavior and businesses, ethical issues, and aspects related to employees and leadership.


id: cord-338390-v4ncshav
title: Managing public health crises: the role of models in pandemic preparedness
author: Moghadas, Seyed M.
date: 2009-03-02
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url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19496845/
doi: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2009.00081.x
summary:
  4 The workshop brought together public health experts, key decision makers, and infectious disease modelers to: (i) identify the strengths and weaknesses of mathematical models, and suggest ways to improve their predictive ability that will ultimately influence policy effectiveness; and (ii) provide an opportunity for the discussion of priority components of a pandemic plan and determine key parameters that affect policy decision making. These included evaluations and model predictions for antiviral strategies and their implications for drug stockpiling; the role of population contact networks in the emergence and spread of drug-resistance; targeting influenza vaccination at specific age groups; optimal control of pandemic outbreaks; and the usefulness of non-pharmaceutical interventions in disease mitigation. There are two major reasons underlying this evaluation: first, data are limited and prior to the emergence of a novel pandemic strain, it is not possible to study the epidemiological impact of disease or interventions in a real world environment; second, public health authorities would need to be prepared for all the likely scenarios that could influence the outcome of preparedness strategies.

abstract:
  Background Given the enormity of challenges involved in pandemic preparedness, design and implementation of effective and cost‐effective public health policies is a major task that requires an integrated approach through engagement of scientific, administrative, and political communities across disciplines. There is ample evidence to suggest that modeling may be a viable approach to accomplish this task. Methods To demonstrate the importance of synergism between modelers, public health experts, and policymakers, the University of Winnipeg organized an interdisciplinary workshop on the role of models in pandemic preparedness in September 2008. The workshop provided an excellent opportunity to present outcomes of recent scientific investigations that thoroughly evaluate the merits of preventive, therapeutic, and social distancing mechanisms, where community structures, priority groups, healthcare providers, and responders to emergency situations are given specific consideration. Results This interactive workshop was clearly successful in strengthening ties between various disciplines and creating venues for modelers to effectively communicate with policymakers. The importance of modeling in pandemic planning was highlighted, and key parameters that affect policy decision‐making were identified. Core assumptions and important activities in Canadian pandemic plans at the provincial and national levels were also discussed. Conclusions There will be little time for thoughtful and rapid reflection once an influenza pandemic strikes, and therefore preparedness is an unavoidable priority. Modeling and simulations are key resources in pandemic planning to map out interdependencies and support complex decision‐making. Models are most effective in formulating strategies for managing public health crises when there are synergies between modelers, planners, and policymakers.


id: cord-338580-zszeldfv
title: Exercise Behavior and Mood during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Taiwan: Lessons for the Future
author: Chang, Yu-Kai
date: 2020-09-28
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url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197092
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17197092
summary:
  This study aims to explore the influence of COVID-19 on exercise behavior and its impact on mood states, as well as predict changes in exercise behavior during a similar future pandemic in Taiwan. Those who exercised for 2-3 days per week prepandemic and were able to maintain their exercise frequency, had higher mood states compared to those who decreased their exercise frequency to one day or less during the COVID-19 pandemic (b pre2:during1-2 = −0.25, p < 0.01). Exercise frequency during the COVID-19 pandemic had no significant effect on mood states for those who exercised one day or less prepandemic (p > 0.05). In general, higher frequencies of exercise during the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in better mood states. Our study is the first study conducted to investigate the changes in exercise behavior and mood states during the COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan.

abstract:
  The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its associated governmental recommendations and restrictions have influenced many aspects of human life, including exercise and mental health. This study aims to explore the influence of COVID-19 on exercise behavior and its impact on mood states, as well as predict changes in exercise behavior during a similar future pandemic in Taiwan. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted between 7 April and 13 May 2020 (n = 1114). Data on exercise behavior pre and during the pandemic and mood states were collected. A cumulative link model was used to predict changes in exercise frequency during a similar future pandemic by exercise frequency during the pandemic. A linear model was used to predict the influence of exercise frequency before and during the pandemic on mood states during the pandemic. A total of 71.2%, 67.3%, and 58.3% of respondents maintained their exercise intensity, frequency, and duration, respectively, during the pandemic. Frequent exercisers are more likely to maintain their exercise frequency during a similar pandemic (p < 0.001). Higher exercise frequencies during the pandemic were associated with better mood states (p < 0.05). Moreover, the effects of prepandemic exercise frequency on mood states are moderated by changes in exercise frequency during the pandemic (p < 0.05). Additionally, maintenance of exercise frequency during a pandemic specifically for frequent exercisers are recommended to preserve mood states. These results may provide evidence for health policies on exercise promotion and mental health before and during a future pandemic.


id: cord-338683-nzgnpi6f
author: Karligkiotis, Apostolos
date: 2020-06-08
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url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32510716/
doi: 10.1002/hed.26320
summary:
  The aim of the present paper is to report our preliminary experience with the management of urgent and nondeferrable endoscopic surgeries for sinus and skull base diseases, during the COVID-19 period, describing the evolving recommendations which have been implemented day by day, as new evidences emerged, until reaching the actual protocol of precautions. At the beginning, no specific protection was recommended during surgery and all health care workers in the operating room (OR) continued to wear standard surgical masks and gowns, leaving viral-filtering-PPE available to be used only in case of confirmed COVID-19 patients. 10 In order to investigate the health of the patients belonging to the PANDEMIC-group after their last postoperative medication, a telephone interview was carried out retrospectively, examining the following factors: fever, cough, dyspnoea, anosmia, dysgeusia, gastrointestinal signs/symptoms, myalgias, fatigue, headache, pharyngodynia, rhinorrhea, active pneumonia, need for hospitalization for any reason, potential swab or serological tests performed, and if they had been in contact with COVID-19 positive individuals.

title:
  Changing paradigms in sinus and skull base surgery as the COVID‐19 pandemic evolves: Preliminary experience from a single Italian tertiary care center

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Italy was the first European country suffering from COVID‐19. Health care resources were redirected to manage the pandemic. We present our initial experience with the management of urgent and nondeferrable surgeries for sinus and skull base diseases during the COVID‐19 pandemic. METHODS: A retrospective review of patients treated in a single referral center during the first 2 months of the pandemic was performed. A comparison between the last 2‐month period and the same period of the previous year was carried out. RESULTS: Twenty‐four patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A reduction of surgical activity was observed (−60.7%). A statistically significant difference in pathologies treated was found (P = .016), with malignancies being the most frequent indication for surgery (45.8%). CONCLUSIONS: Although we feel optimistic for the future, we do not feel it is already time to restart elective surgeries. Our experience may serve for other centers who are facing the same challenges.


id: cord-339376-2dczotbh
title: Announcing Swine Flu and the Interpretation of Pandemic Anxiety
author: Everts, Jonathan
date: 2012-07-19
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url: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.2012.01021.x
doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8330.2012.01021.x
summary:
  In that light, CDC'' formal entanglement with global health security and its announcement of the H1N1 pandemic are interpreted, followed by an ethnographically informed focus on various people who were engaged in the H1N1 emergency response and their practices and practical struggles in the face of pandemic anxiety. Investigating CDC''s H1N1 response may also shed light on the implications of a change in public health discourse, a change that made "emerging infectious diseases" a key concern for public health, the kernel of a new age of "pandemic anxiety" (Ingram 2008) . In the following, CDC''s ways to work through the H1N1 pandemic are first contextualised within the emerging global health security regime and second analysed from a practice-based and ethnographic perspective. However, before the actual work that led to detecting H1N1 took place, pandemic anxiety and institutionalised heightened concerns had already worked their way through to CDC experts via global and national public health security recommendations and regulations and the announcements made by respective representatives.

abstract:
  This paper discusses the ways in which 2009 novel swine‐origin influenza A (H1N1) was announced and resonated with current pandemic anxieties. In particular, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) are used as a lens through which recent pandemic anxieties can be analysed and understood. This entails a closer look at the securitisation of public health and the challenges and struggles this may have caused within public health agencies. In that light, CDC' formal entanglement with global health security and its announcement of the H1N1 pandemic are interpreted, followed by an ethnographically informed focus on various people who were engaged in the H1N1 emergency response and their practices and practical struggles in the face of pandemic anxiety.


id: cord-339935-tguhrqvz
title: Introduction: COVID‐19 Viewpoint Symposium, Part II
author: Zavattaro, Staci M.
date: 2020-08-12
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url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32836466/
doi: 10.1111/puar.13290
abstract: nan
summary:
  Charbonneau and Doberstein (2020) consider work surveillance practices and their relationship to performance management With so many public servants being forced to shift to remote working from home in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, such oversight is increasing in importance. The COVID-19 pandemic showed the crippling holes in existing MFM plans, and the authors, using lessons learned from the earthquake, recommend increased collaboration, psychological support, and network leads when it comes to developing viable MFM plans going forward. They offer economic development approaches requiring coordination, and like the other essays in this Viewpoint symposium offer a path for future research to see if these strategies work, such as active versus passive partnerships. Network of networks: preliminary lessons from the Antwerp Port Authority on crisis management and network governance to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic


id: cord-339968-s1kmipir
title: The global response to the COVID-19 pandemic: how have immunology societies contributed?
author: Osier, Faith
date: 2020-09-10
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url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-020-00428-4
doi: 10.1038/s41577-020-00428-4
summary:
  Y.; Fraser, John; Lambrecht, Bart N.; Romano, Marta; Gazzinelli, Ricardo T.; Bortoluci, Karina R.; Zamboni, Dario S.; Akbar, Arne N.; Evans, Jennie; Brown, Doug E.; Patel, Kamala D.; Wu, Yuzhang; Perez, Ana B.; Pérez, Oliver; Kamradt, Thomas; Falk, Christine; Barda-Saad, Mira; Ariel, Amiram; Santoni, Angela; Annunziato, Francesco; Cassatella, Marco A.; Kiyono, Hiroshi; Chereshnev, Valeriy; Dieye, Alioune; Mbow, Moustapha; Mbengue, Babacar; Niang, Maguette D. Efforts included writing to President Donald Trump and Congressional leaders urging that they heed the advice of scientific/public health leaders, including AAI member Anthony Fauci 3 ; writing to National Institutes of Health (NIH) Director Francis Collins requesting justification for terminating an NIH-funded grant focusing on understanding the risk of bat coronavirus emergence 4 ; advocating supplemental funding for federal science agencies, including the NIH, for pandemic-related research losses and additional trainee support; and issuing a statement opposing actions taken by the Trump administration that will damage international scientific collaboration 5 .

abstract:
  The COVID-19 pandemic is shining a spotlight on the field of immunology like never before. To appreciate the diverse ways in which immunologists have contributed, Nature Reviews Immunology invited the president of the International Union of Immunological Societies and the presidents of 15 other national immunology societies to discuss how they and their members responded following the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).


id: cord-340145-nx746m76
author: Trisolino, Giovanni
date: 2020-10-08
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url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33032650/
doi: 10.1186/s13052-020-00911-7
summary:
  The Italian Society of Pediatric Orthopaedics and Traumatology formulated general and specific recommendations to face the COVID-19 outbreak, aiming to provide essential care for children needing orthopaedic treatments during the pandemic and early post-peak period, ensure safety of children, caregivers and healthcare providers and limit the spread of contagion. This exceptional adaptation of the Italian National Health Service was significantly evident also within non-frontline healthcare settings such as Pediatric Orthopaedic Units, where limitation and temporary suspension of most routine care activities was necessary to reduce the risk of infection in patients, families, and healthcare providers and to reallocate healthcare personnel from routine tasks to emergency. The Advisory Board of the SITOP has provided a panel of priority levels in order to safely schedule deferrable surgical treatments, reducing the risk of missing children who require non postponable operations, during the pandemic and post peak period (see Table 2 ).

title:
  Recommendations from the Italian Society of Pediatric Orthopaedics and Traumatology for the management of pediatric orthopaedic patients during the COVID19 pandemic and post-pandemic period in Italy

abstract:
  The rapid spread of the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy has dramatically impacted the National Healthcare System, causing the sudden congestion of hospitals, especially in Northern Italy, thus imposing drastic restriction of almost all routine medical care. This exceptional adaptation of the Italian National Healthcare System has also been felt by non-frontline settings such as Pediatric Orthopaedic Units, where the limitation or temporary suspension of most routine care activities met with a need to maintain continuity of care and avoid secondary issues due to the delay or suspension of the routine clinical practice. The Italian Society of Pediatric Orthopaedics and Traumatology formulated general and specific recommendations to face the COVID-19 outbreak, aiming to provide essential care for children needing orthopaedic treatments during the pandemic and early post-peak period, ensure safety of children, caregivers and healthcare providers and limit the spread of contagion.


id: cord-340616-5vtgd46s
title: Global surveillance, travel, and trade during a pandemic
author: ÇETİN, Ceren
date: 2020-04-21
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url: https://doi.org/10.3906/sag-2004-175
doi: 10.3906/sag-2004-175
summary:
  National pandemic influenza risk evaluation aims at determining the probability and outcomes of events affecting public health at a global, national, and local level. For an adequate risk assessment and a follow of a probable case, the patients should be provided with disease-preventing messages, health statements should be collected upon entry, and contact information of the passengers should be obtained, which would be much more efficient [18] . The management of ill passengers in the context of present COVID-19 disease pandemic in international airports, harbors, and motorway/road gates should include measures to be implemented according to the priorities and capacities of each country. Crew and ground personnel should be informed on and frequently reminded of measures preventing the spread of COVID-19 including social distancing, hand hygiene, respiratory etiquette, environmental cleaning, waste disposal, when and how to wear masks, and avoiding contact with people showing respiratory symptoms.

abstract:
  Pandemics have had very important consequences in human history. Lots of people lost their lives and countries have been intensively affected in terms of socioeconomic problems. Unfortunately, avoidance of pandemics and limiting the spread are still currently not always possible. Maybe the most important factor for this is the increasing frequency of traveling. Increasing airline traveling rate also increases the rate of spread. Global organizations like the World Health Organization and United Nations are trying to play a supreme role over the countries. Pandemics do not have borders; therefore, efforts should be given globally, definition of pandemic should be established as soon as possible, and protective measures should be shared with countries. If these are not done, severe health consequences and serious economic problems are inevitable.


id: cord-340756-ks1l11ot
title: Outbreaks of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and Seasonal Influenza A (H3N2) on Cruise Ship
author: Ward, Kate A.
date: 2010-11-17
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url: https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1611.100477
doi: 10.3201/eid1611.100477
summary:
  On May 24, the Australian Quarantine Inspection Service reported that 6 passengers of a cruise ship had respiratory symptoms, and a point-of-care test showed positive infl uenza A virus results for all. In response, NSW Health requested that all passengers (1,963 from Australia and 7 from elsewhere) who were experiencing infl uenza-like illness (ILI) isolate themselves from healthy persons and that all asymptomatic passengers quarantine themselves for 7 days after disembarkation (or 7 days after onset of symptoms if they developed). Oseltamivir treatment (75 mg 2×/d for 5 days) was recommended for passengers or crew members with ILI (defi ned as >2 of the following: cough, fever, runny nose, or blocked nose) within 48 hours of onset and oseltamivir prophylaxis Outbreaks of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and Seasonal Infl uenza A (H3N2) on Cruise Ship (75 mg 1×/d for 10 days) for those in close contact with patients with laboratory-confi rmed cases.

abstract:
  To determine the extent and pattern of influenza transmission and effectiveness of containment measures, we investigated dual outbreaks of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and influenza A (H3N2) that had occurred on a cruise ship in May 2009. Of 1,970 passengers and 734 crew members, 82 (3.0%) were infected with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus, 98 (3.6%) with influenza A (H3N2) virus, and 2 (0.1%) with both. Among 45 children who visited the ship’s childcare center, infection rate for pandemic (H1N1) 2009 was higher than that for influenza A (H3N2) viruses. Disembarked passengers reported a high level of compliance with isolation and quarantine recommendations. We found 4 subsequent cases epidemiologically linked to passengers but no evidence of sustained transmission to the community or passengers on the next cruise. Among this population of generally healthy passengers, children seemed more susceptible to pandemic (H1N1) 2009 than to influenza (H3N2) viruses. Intensive disease control measures successfully contained these outbreaks.


id: cord-341684-buj8u63b
title: Any port in a storm: Cryptocurrency safe-havens during the COVID-19 pandemic
author: Corbet, Shaen
date: 2020-07-07
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url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32834235/
doi: 10.1016/j.econlet.2020.109377
summary:
  Controlling for the polarity and subjectivity of social media data based on the development of the COVID-19 outbreak, we analyse the relationships between the largest cryptocurrencies and such time-varying realisation as to the scale of the economic shock centralised within the rapidly-escalating pandemic. We find evidence of significant growth in both returns and volumes traded, indicating that large cryptocurrencies acted as a store of value during this period of exceptional financial market stress. Such techniques allow for analysis not only of sentiment based on the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic, but also as to interlinkages between such sentiment and cryptocurrencies as a safe-haven asset in such time of extreme financial market panic. When considering the role of negative sentiment relating to the outbreak and development of the COVID-19 pandemic, our results suggest that there developed significant and pronounced timevarying price-volatility effects as investors identified both the severity and nature of the pandemic''s growth trajectory and potential economic repercussions.

abstract:
  Controlling for the polarity and subjectivity of social media data based on the development of the COVID-19 outbreak, we analyse the relationships between the largest cryptocurrencies and such time-varying realisation as to the scale of the economic shock centralised within the rapidly-escalating pandemic. We find evidence of significant growth in both returns and volumes traded, indicating that large cryptocurrencies acted as a store of value during this period of exceptional financial market stress. Further, cryptocurrency returns are found to be significantly influenced by negative sentiment relating to COVID-19. While not only providing diversification benefits for investors, results suggest that these digital assets acted as a safe-haven similar to that of precious metals during historic crises.


id: cord-342548-ykxvaqcz
author: Abbas, Myriam
date: 2020-10-27
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url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-020-02293-0
doi: 10.1186/s12909-020-02293-0
summary:
  This study aims to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental well-being, training, and career choices of Canadian medical clerks within the first three months of the pandemic. METHODS: An electronic survey composed of four sections: demographics, stressors experienced during the pandemic, World Health Organization (WHO) well-being index, and stress management and resources was distributed to Canadian clerks. An electronic survey composed of four sections: demographics, stressors and their impact on residency and career choice, World Health Organization (WHO) wellbeing index and stress management and resources was distributed to clerks (third-and fourth-year medical students) in all Canadian medical schools, with 10 of the 17 faculties participating and forwarding the survey to their clerks. Eligible participants were clerks attending one of the 17 Canadian medical faculties, and whose rotations were suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental well-being, training, and career choices of Canadian medical clerks.

title:
  Repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on the well-being and training of medical clerks: a pan-Canadian survey

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has been an unprecedented and potentially stressful event that inserted itself into the 2019–2020 Canadian medical curriculum. However, its impact on stress and subsequent professional pathways is not well understood. This study aims to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental well-being, training, and career choices of Canadian medical clerks within the first three months of the pandemic. It also aims to assess their use of university support systems and their appreciation of potential solutions to common academic stressors. METHODS: An electronic survey composed of four sections: demographics, stressors experienced during the pandemic, World Health Organization (WHO) well-being index, and stress management and resources was distributed to Canadian clerks. RESULTS: Clerks from 10 of the 17 Canadian medical faculties participated in this study (n = 627). Forty-five percent of clerks reported higher levels of stress than usual; 22% reconsidered their residency choice; and 19% reconsidered medicine as a career. The factors that were most stressful among clerks were: the means of return to rotations; decreased opportunities to be productive in view of residency match; and taking the national licensing exam after the beginning of residency. The mean WHO well-being index was 14.8/25 ± 4.5, indicating a poor level of well-being among a considerable proportion of students. Clerks who reconsidered their residency choice or medicine as a career had lower mean WHO well-being indices. Most clerks agreed with the following suggested solutions: training sessions on the clinical management of COVID-19 cases; being allowed to submit fewer reference letters when applying to residency; and having protected time to study for their licensing exam during residency. Overall, clerks were less concerned with being infected during their rotations than with the impact of the pandemic on their future career and residency match. CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic had a considerable impact on the medical curriculum and well-being of clerks. A number of student-identified solutions were proposed to reduce stress. The implementation of these solutions throughout the Canadian medical training system should be considered.


id: cord-343926-47m17k1t
title: Covid-19 and the Politics of Sustainable Energy Transitions
author: Kuzemko, Caroline
date: 2020-07-02
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url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101685
doi: 10.1016/j.erss.2020.101685
summary:
  We identify some of the initial impacts of the ''great lockdown'' on sustainable and fossil sources of energy, and consider how economic stimulus packages and social practices in the wake of the pandemic are likely to shape energy demand, the carbon-intensity of the energy system, and the speed of transitions. Discussion focuses on four key themes that shape the politics of sustainable energy transitions: (i) the short, medium and long-term temporalities of energy system change; (ii) practices of investment around clean-tech and divestment from fossil fuels; (iii) structures and scales of energy governance; and (iv) social practices around mobility, work and public health. For example, the Paris Agreement instituted nationally determined climate goals; sustainability transitions were placed on the agendas of many local, national and global governing bodies; the cost of renewable energy continued to fall rapidly, making it an increasingly politically and economically viable option; divestment campaigns were taking off; and there was a surge in public buy-into the argument that urgent action was required to address climate change.

abstract:
  In this perspectives piece, an interdisciplinary team of social science researchers considers the implications of Covid-19 for the politics of sustainable energy transitions. The emergency measures adopted by states, firms, and individuals in response to this global health crisis have driven a series of political, economic and social changes with potential to influence sustainable energy transitions. We identify some of the initial impacts of the ‘great lockdown’ on sustainable and fossil sources of energy, and consider how economic stimulus packages and social practices in the wake of the pandemic are likely to shape energy demand, the carbon-intensity of the energy system, and the speed of transitions. Adopting a broad multi-scalar and multi-actor approach to the analysis of energy system change, we highlight continuities and discontinuities with pre-pandemic trends. Discussion focuses on four key themes that shape the politics of sustainable energy transitions: (i) the short, medium and long-term temporalities of energy system change; (ii) practices of investment around clean-tech and divestment from fossil fuels; (iii) structures and scales of energy governance; and (iv) social practices around mobility, work and public health. While the effects of the pandemic continue to unfold, some of its sectoral and geographically differentiated impacts are already emerging. We conclude that the politics of sustainable energy transitions are now at a critical juncture, in which the form and direction of state support for post-pandemic economic recovery will be key.


id: cord-344075-ucd6ooob
author: Bartoszek, Adrian
date: 2020-10-12
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url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207417
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17207417
summary:
  title: Mental Well-Being (Depression, Loneliness, Insomnia, Daily Life Fatigue) during COVID-19 Related Home-Confinement—A Study from Poland The aim of the study was to measure indicators of mental well-being in a Polish sample with regard to selected sociodemographic and health behavior data during home confinement related to COVID-19 pandemic. For this reason, our study aimed to measure mental well-being (levels of depression, insomnia, daily life fatigue, and loneliness) in a sample of the Polish population during COVID-19 related home confinement. The results have clearly shown that the pandemic and associated psychological stress are risk factors for sleep disorders and psychological diseases, e.g., the authors have shown that all of the elements of the Psychological Well-Being (PGWB) questionnaire (anxiety, depressed mood, positive well-being, self-control, general health, vitality) were significantly worse among study respondents than in previous general population data [33] .

title:
  Mental Well-Being (Depression, Loneliness, Insomnia, Daily Life Fatigue) during COVID-19 Related Home-Confinement—A Study from Poland

abstract:
  The COVID-19 pandemic is a great threat to both physical and mental health as it may lead to psychological stress connected with an economic crisis, threat of unemployment, or fear of losing family members. Emerging data shows that the general public may be vulnerable to the pandemic-related stress and experience frequently prevalent anxiety. A study involving 471 subjects (85.6% female) was conducted online during the COVID-19 pandemic. We used the following scales: Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Revised University of California, Los Angeles (R-UCLA) Loneliness Scale, and Daily Life Fatigue scale (DLF). Women had higher mean scores of depression, loneliness, and daily life fatigue and more often than males started exercising. Among people professionally active before the pandemic, there were more cases of increased alcohol consumption than among students. No differences in alcohol consumption patterns were found between genders. People living alone had higher scores of loneliness and daily life fatigue compared to those living with someone. Respondents who started taking any new drugs during COVID-19 home confinement had higher outcomes in all questionnaires. During home confinement, high scores of depression, insomnia, loneliness, and everyday fatigue were observed.


id: cord-344438-08gqn86z
author: Watkins, Rochelle E
date: 2007-07-17
txt: ./txt/cord-344438-08gqn86z.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-344438-08gqn86z.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17634112/
doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-7-157
summary:
  Government and health authorities in Australia and overseas have recommended that businesses, community organisations and individuals implement a range of strategies to prepare for pandemic influenza, and an increasing number of resources are being produced to provide guidance on pandemic preparedness and business continuity planning [4] [5] [6] [7] . Guided by the concepts considered to be of importance in these health behaviour theories, and the protection motivation theory framework in particular, we aimed to investigate the association between selected beliefs and preparedness for pandemic influenza among small and medium business owners and managers. Binomial logistic regression analysis was used to identify the significant independent predictors of the health behaviour theory-based belief variables and the three main dependent variables: having considered the impact of, having a plan for, and needing help to prepare for pandemic influenza.

title:
  Influenza pandemic preparedness: motivation for protection among small and medium businesses in Australia

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Community-wide preparedness for pandemic influenza is an issue that has featured prominently in the recent news media, and is currently a priority for health authorities in many countries. The small and medium business sector is a major provider of private sector employment in Australia, yet we have little information about the preparedness of this sector for pandemic influenza. This study aimed to investigate the association between individual perceptions and preparedness for pandemic influenza among small and medium business owners and managers. METHODS: Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with 201 small and medium business owners or managers in New South Wales and Western Australia. Eligible small or medium businesses were defined as those that had less than 200 employees. Binomial logistic regression analysis was used to identify the predictors of having considered the impact of, having a plan for, and needing help to prepare for pandemic influenza. RESULTS: Approximately 6 per cent of participants reported that their business had a plan for pandemic influenza, 39 per cent reported that they had not thought at all about the impact of pandemic influenza on their business, and over 60 per cent stated that they required help to prepare for a pandemic. Beliefs about the severity of pandemic influenza and the ability to respond were significant independent predictors of having a plan for pandemic influenza, and the perception of the risk of pandemic influenza was the most important predictor of both having considered the impact of, and needing help to prepare for a pandemic. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that small and medium businesses in Australia are not currently well prepared for pandemic influenza. We found that beliefs about the risk, severity, and the ability to respond effectively to the threat of pandemic influenza are important predictors of preparedness. Campaigns targeting small and medium businesses should emphasise the severity of the consequences to their businesses if a pandemic were to occur, and, at the same time, reassure them that there are effective strategies capable of being implemented by small and medium businesses to deal with a pandemic.


id: cord-344498-mwgccbfo
author: Casado-Aranda, Luis-Alberto
date: 2020-11-03
txt: ./txt/cord-344498-mwgccbfo.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-344498-mwgccbfo.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S001393512031313X
doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110416
summary:
  These publications can be broken down into six main themes: (i) a sharp reduction in air pollution and an improvement of the level of water pollution; (ii) the relationship of wind speed (positive), ultraviolet radiation (positive) and humidity (negative) with the rate of infections; (iii) the effect of the pandemic on the food supply chain and waste habits; (iv) wastewater monitoring offers a great potential as an early warning sign of COVID-19 transmission; (v) artificial intelligence and smart devices can be of great use in monitoring citizen mobilization; and (vi) the lessons gleaned from the pandemic that help define actions to mitigate climate change. The intention of the current study is to offer a first straightforward report on the evolution of publications combining the effect of COVID-19 on the environment since the outset of the pandemic, as well as to identify the main lines of research that are surging as a result of the crisis and establish a research agenda for environmental scholars.

title:
  Analysis of the Scientific Production of the Effect of COVID-19 on the Environment: A Bibliometric Study

abstract:
  The fight against COVID-19 since January 2020 has become the top priority of more than 200 countries. In order to offer solutions to eradicate this global pandemic, the scientific community has published hundreds of articles covering a wide range of areas of knowledge. With the aim of synthesizing these publications, academics are resorting to bibliometric analyses from the perspectives of the disciplines such as biology, medicine, socioeconomics and tourism. Yet no bibliometric analysis has explored the diffuse and little-known growth of COVID-19 scientific publications in the field of environmental studies. The current study is the first of this type to fill this research gap. It has resorted to SciMAT software to evaluate the main topics, authors and journals of publications on the subject of COVID-19 combined with environmental studies spanning the period between 1 December 2019 and 6 September 2020. The search yielded a collection of 440 articles published in scientific journals indexed on by Web of Science and Scopus databases. These publications can be broken down into six main themes: (i) a sharp reduction in air pollution and an improvement of the level of water pollution; (ii) the relationship of wind speed (positive), ultraviolet radiation (positive) and humidity (negative) with the rate of infections; (iii) the effect of the pandemic on the food supply chain and waste habits; (iv) wastewater monitoring offers a great potential as an early warning sign of COVID-19 transmission; (v) artificial intelligence and smart devices can be of great use in monitoring citizen mobilization; and (vi) the lessons gleaned from the pandemic that help define actions to mitigate climate change. The results of the current study therefore offer an agenda for future research and constitute a starting point for academics in the field of environmental studies to evaluate the effects of COVID-19.


id: cord-344866-vhuw4gwn
title: Covid-19 as cultural trauma
author: Demertzis, Nicolas
date: 2020-09-10
txt: ./txt/cord-344866-vhuw4gwn.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-344866-vhuw4gwn.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41290-020-00112-z
doi: 10.1057/s41290-020-00112-z
summary:
  Explaining this, Smelser writes: ''with respect to the dimension of time alone, the traumatic process was truncated… The moment of the attacks to the recognition that they constituted a national trauma was a matter of short days, if not hours…The scope of the trauma and the identity of the victims were established immediately… there was an instant consensus that it was a trauma for everybody, for the nation… there was no significant divergence in the reactions of government and community leaders, the media, and the public in assigning meaning to the events as a national tragedy and outrage…there was little evidence of social division around the trauma'' (Smelser 2004, p. However, despite initial high levels of anxiety the pandemic did not evolve into cultural trauma in either, even with an exceptionally high death rate in Sweden and the great difference in trust in authority that distinguishes the two countries.

abstract:
  This paper has two aims. The first is to introduce the concept of compressed cultural trauma, and the second is to apply the theory of cultural trauma in two case studies of the current covid-19 pandemic, Greece and Sweden. Our central question is whether the pandemic will evolve into a cultural trauma in these two countries. We believe the pandemic presents a challenge to cultural trauma theory, which the idea of compressed trauma is meant to address. We conclude that, while the ongoing covid-19 pandemic has had traumatic consequences in Sweden and Greece, it has not evolved into cultural trauma in either country.


id: cord-344985-3mu9rrql
title: Are we there yet? The transition from response to recovery for the COVID-19 pandemic
author: Fakhruddin, Bapon
date: 2020-05-12
txt: ./txt/cord-344985-3mu9rrql.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-344985-3mu9rrql.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2590061720300399
doi: 10.1016/j.pdisas.2020.100102
summary:
  While the COVID-19 pandemic has already had far-reaching socioeconomic consequences commonly associated with natural hazards (such as disruption to society, economic damage, and loss of lives), the response of governments around the world has been unparalleled and unlike anything seen before. Pandemics indeed force us to think beyond typical emergency management structures; the cycles of the disaster risk management in the case of biological and other natural hazards are not exactly the same and no one-size-fits-all approach may be used. Pandemics indeed force us to think beyond typical emergency management structures; the cycles of the disaster risk management in the case of biological and other natural hazards are not exactly the same and no one-size-fits-all approach may be used. Necessary for an effective recovery, the pandemic response needs to be a holistic response, combined with an improved data ecosystem between the public health system and the community.

abstract:
  Abstract There is no corner of the planet that has not been impacted by the rapid spread of the novel coronavirus, COVID-19. While the COVID-19 pandemic has already had far-reaching socioeconomic consequences commonly associated with natural hazards (such as disruption to society, economic damage, and loss of lives), the response of governments around the world has been unparalleled and unlike anything seen before. Governments are faced with a myriad of multi-dimensional effects of the pandemic, including direct impacts on public health systems and population health and indirect socioeconomic effects including disruption to every single sector of the economy and mass unemployment. There is, additionally, the growing realisation that the timescale associated with this crisis may permanently change the very foundations of societies ‘normal’ day-to-day life. As the world transitions to recovering from COVID-19, those developing that recovery need support in adjusting and improving their policies and measures. The situation seems dire, the stakes are high. Literature about the transition between the response and recovery phase in relation to pandemics is scarce. Further complication is that the pandemic will not allow countries to simply transition to the full-scale recovery, instead, a rebound from recovery to response phase is expected for a certain period until the immunization is in place. Pandemics indeed force us to think beyond typical emergency management structures; the cycles of the disaster risk management in the case of biological and other natural hazards are not exactly the same and no one-size-fits-all approach may be used. Still, some parallels may be drawn with the efforts to combat natural hazards and some lessons may be used from previous and the current pandemic. Based on these experiences and reflections, this paper provides a set of policy directions to be considered during the transition towards, as well as throughout, this transition phase. It is suggested that meeting this global, multi-dimensional, and complex challenge will require considerable international collaboration (even convention) and macro-scale changes to global and national policies. The recovery issues are mainly going to be dominated by politics, economics and social science. Necessary for an effective recovery, the pandemic response needs to be a holistic response, combined with an improved data ecosystem between the public health system and the community. We should also view this outbreak and our response to it as an opportunity to learn lessons and reaffirm our universal commitment to sustainable development and enhancing wellbeing around the world.


id: cord-345064-it26ygo6
author: Lotzin, Annett
date: 2020-08-27
txt: ./txt/cord-345064-it26ygo6.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-345064-it26ygo6.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2020.1780832
doi: 10.1080/20008198.2020.1780832
summary:
  OBJECTIVE: The longitudinal online cohort study aims (1) to explore psychosocial reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic across ten European countries; (2) to examine the relationships between risk and resilience factors, stressors and symptoms of adjustment disorder during the pandemic; and (3) to investigate whether these relationships are moderated by coping behaviours. Following a conceptual framework based on the WHO''s social framework of health, an assessment of risk and resilience factors, COVID-19 related stressors and pandemic-specific coping behaviours will be measured to estimate their contribution to symptoms of adjustment disorder. The study will examine the relationships between these complex risk and resilience factors, stressors, coping behaviour and stress-related symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic across ten European countries. In addition to the core set of measures described above, each participating country may include optional instruments to assess the following constructs: resilience, coping behaviours, symptoms of depression, and positive consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic.

title:
  Stressors, coping and symptoms of adjustment disorder in the course of the COVID-19 pandemic – study protocol of the European Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS) pan-European study

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: During the current COVID-19 pandemic, the people in Europe are exposed to self-isolation, quarantine, job loss, risk of contracting COVID-19, or grief of loved ones. Such a complex array of stressors may lead to symptoms of adjustment disorder or posttraumatic stress disorder. This research protocol describes a study launched by the European Society of Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS) to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on symptoms of adjustment disorder across European countries. OBJECTIVE: The longitudinal online cohort study aims (1) to explore psychosocial reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic across ten European countries; (2) to examine the relationships between risk and resilience factors, stressors and symptoms of adjustment disorder during the pandemic; and (3) to investigate whether these relationships are moderated by coping behaviours. METHOD: In ten countries (Austria, Croatia, Georgia, Germany, Italy, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, and Sweden), between 1,000 and 2,000 participants will be recruited, depending on the size of the country. Participants will be assessed at two timepoints with a six-month interval. Following a conceptual framework based on the WHO’s social framework of health, an assessment of risk and resilience factors, COVID-19 related stressors and pandemic-specific coping behaviours will be measured to estimate their contribution to symptoms of adjustment disorder. The Adjustment Disorder New Module 8 (ADNM-8) will be used to assess symptoms of adjustment disorder. As a secondary measure, symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder will be measure using the Primary Care PTSD Screen for DSM-5 (PC-PTSD-5). DATA ANALYSIS: The relative contribution of risk factors, resilience factors, and stressors on symptoms of adjustment disorder or symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder will be estimated using multilevel analysis. To determine the moderating effects of different types of coping behaviours on these relationships, a multilevel mediation analysis will be carried out.


id: cord-345373-ulsz1d85
title: The Nutritional and Health Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
author: Grabia, Monika
date: 2020-09-30
txt: ./txt/cord-345373-ulsz1d85.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-345373-ulsz1d85.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12103013
doi: 10.3390/nu12103013
summary:
  From 6 July to 22 July 2020, the period when the survey was conducted, the following regulations were in force in the country: nose-and-mouth coverings in confined public areas; closure of primary and secondary schools, and institutions of higher education; food and drink establishments were operational with enhanced sanitary measures in place (nose-and-mouth coverings required when not at the table, disinfecting tables, keeping a minimum distance of 1.5 m between patrons); gyms and swimming pools were reopened on 6 June 2020; individuals were allowed to socialise indoors in small groups; in most places, access to specialist medical care was provided at outpatient clinics [3] . Consumption of selected food products during the COVID-19 pandemic is presented in Figure 2 and the breakdown by the type of diabetes and gender is included in Supplementary Table S3 . A statistically significant increase in hand sanitiser use by the youngest respondents during the COVID-19 pandemic (p < 0.001) was observed.

abstract:
  COVID-19 related restrictions aimed at curbing the spread of the coronavirus result in changes in daily routines and physical activity which can have a negative effect on eating and health habits. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with diabetes and their nutrition and health behaviours. A survey conducted in July 2020 included 124 individuals with type 1 (n = 90) and 2 (n = 34) diabetes mellitus from Poland. To assess nutritional and health behaviours, an online questionnaire covering basic information, anthropometric data, and details regarding physical activity, eating, and hygiene habits was used. Almost 40% of all respondents with type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) stated that their disease self-management had significantly improved. Over 60% of all participants declared that they had started eating more nutritious and regular meals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Enhanced hygiene, in particular, during the period, a statistically significant increase in hand sanitiser use was reported by respondents (18% vs. 82%, p < 0.001). The study demonstrated that the pandemic had a significant impact on the behaviour of patients with DM. Improved disease self-management and making healthy, informed food and hygiene choices were observed.


id: cord-346501-6e91kt6c
title: Novel Educational Responses to COVID-19: What is Here to Stay?
author: Pitt, Michael B
date: 2020-06-06
txt: ./txt/cord-346501-6e91kt6c.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-346501-6e91kt6c.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1876285920302412
doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2020.06.002
abstract: nan
summary:
  In this issue of Academic Pediatrics, we feature ten innovations that highlight novel educational responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. Submissions were reviewed for innovation, outcome, and sustainability after the COVID-19 pandemic by three educational researchers blinded to author name and institution. Papers describing virtual learning included modifications to existing conferences (e.g., morning report, grand rounds, boot camp) (n=55; 47%), conversion of electives (n=22; 19%) or clerkships (n=16; 14%), virtual simulation (n=18; 15%), and approaches to equip learners to advocate for patients and populations during the COVID-19 pandemic (n=7; 4%). 11 COVID-19 presented unprecedented challenges, requiring educational innovations to ensure trainees continue to learn to provide high-quality, evidence-based care, advocate for patients and populations, and maintain wellness. We believe the papers featured in this issue highlight innovative educational responses to the COVID-19 pandemic and serve as a foundation for shaping future medical education. Medical Student Development of K-12 Educational Resources During the COVID-19 Pandemic


id: cord-347492-zz3walri
author: Chellamuthu, Girinivasan
date: 2020-05-29
txt: ./txt/cord-347492-zz3walri.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-347492-zz3walri.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32468203/
doi: 10.1007/s00264-020-04622-w
summary:
  title: Pandemic response protocol of a non-frontline specialty in a multispecialty tertiary health care centre—a pilot model in orthopaedics PREP which is in line with the WHO action plan, will be an essential minimum response of a non-frontline pandemic response specialty like orthopedics to combat and curtail the effects of a pandemic in a multispecialty tertiary health care centre. The PREP should allow a non-frontline pandemic specialist like an orthopaedician to be alert and trained to evolve as a frontline health care provider, as and when the situation demands, on the lines of development of a pandemic. At this stage, essentially, the orthopaedic surgeons would have to become a part of the pandemic response task force which includes the entire health care workforce.

title:
  Pandemic response protocol of a non-frontline specialty in a multispecialty tertiary health care centre—a pilot model in orthopaedics

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: 3,181,642 cases and 224,301 deaths in 212 regions of the world—this is the status of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) pandemic as of May 1, 2020. This pandemic has managed to overwhelm the health care system of the most advanced countries in the world. As the whole of the medical fraternity stands robed as health care professionals to fight against COVID-19, specialty emergencies like trauma continue to pester the already overburdened health care community. This situation calls for the need for a pandemic response protocol (PREP) in each specialty that helps the doctors to manage specialty emergencies without chaos and at the same time allowing them to play their part in pandemic management. CONCLUSION: PREP as an integrated pragmatic approach is essential in containing pandemics as they need international cooperation at various levels starting from knowledge sharing to monetary support. PREP which is in line with the WHO action plan, will be an essential minimum response of a non-frontline pandemic response specialty like orthopedics to combat and curtail the effects of a pandemic in a multispecialty tertiary health care centre.


id: cord-347952-k95wrory
author: Prieto, Diana M
date: 2012-03-30
txt: ./txt/cord-347952-k95wrory.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-347952-k95wrory.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-251
doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-251
summary:
  Conclusions: To adequately address the concerns of the policymakers, we need continuing model enhancements in critical areas including: updating of epidemiological data during a pandemic, smooth handling of large demographical databases, incorporation of a broader spectrum of social-behavioral aspects, updating information for contact patterns, adaptation of recent methodologies for collecting human mobility data, and improvement of computational efficiency and accessibility. Conclusions: To adequately address the concerns of the policymakers, we need continuing model enhancements in critical areas including: updating of epidemiological data during a pandemic, smooth handling of large demographical databases, incorporation of a broader spectrum of social-behavioral aspects, updating information for contact patterns, adaptation of recent methodologies for collecting human mobility data, and improvement of computational efficiency and accessibility. Of the existing computer simulation models addressing PHP, those focused on disease spread and mitigation of pandemic influenza (PI) have been recognized by the public health officials as useful decision support tools for preparedness planning [1] .

title:
  A systematic review to identify areas of enhancements of pandemic simulation models for operational use at provincial and local levels

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: In recent years, computer simulation models have supported development of pandemic influenza preparedness policies. However, U.S. policymakers have raised several concerns about the practical use of these models. In this review paper, we examine the extent to which the current literature already addresses these concerns and identify means of enhancing the current models for higher operational use. METHODS: We surveyed PubMed and other sources for published research literature on simulation models for influenza pandemic preparedness. We identified 23 models published between 1990 and 2010 that consider single-region (e.g., country, province, city) outbreaks and multi-pronged mitigation strategies. We developed a plan for examination of the literature based on the concerns raised by the policymakers. RESULTS: While examining the concerns about the adequacy and validity of data, we found that though the epidemiological data supporting the models appears to be adequate, it should be validated through as many updates as possible during an outbreak. Demographical data must improve its interfaces for access, retrieval, and translation into model parameters. Regarding the concern about credibility and validity of modeling assumptions, we found that the models often simplify reality to reduce computational burden. Such simplifications may be permissible if they do not interfere with the performance assessment of the mitigation strategies. We also agreed with the concern that social behavior is inadequately represented in pandemic influenza models. Our review showed that the models consider only a few social-behavioral aspects including contact rates, withdrawal from work or school due to symptoms appearance or to care for sick relatives, and compliance to social distancing, vaccination, and antiviral prophylaxis. The concern about the degree of accessibility of the models is palpable, since we found three models that are currently accessible by the public while other models are seeking public accessibility. Policymakers would prefer models scalable to any population size that can be downloadable and operable in personal computers. But scaling models to larger populations would often require computational needs that cannot be handled with personal computers and laptops. As a limitation, we state that some existing models could not be included in our review due to their limited available documentation discussing the choice of relevant parameter values. CONCLUSIONS: To adequately address the concerns of the policymakers, we need continuing model enhancements in critical areas including: updating of epidemiological data during a pandemic, smooth handling of large demographical databases, incorporation of a broader spectrum of social-behavioral aspects, updating information for contact patterns, adaptation of recent methodologies for collecting human mobility data, and improvement of computational efficiency and accessibility.


id: cord-348121-c7jq240j
title: The “Pandemic” of Disinformation in COVID-19
author: Tagliabue, Fabio
date: 2020-08-01
txt: ./txt/cord-348121-c7jq240j.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-348121-c7jq240j.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42399-020-00439-1
doi: 10.1007/s42399-020-00439-1
summary:
  In recent years, mass media and social networks have played an important role in disseminating information regarding public health. Initial, and overly optimistic medical statements that judged the epidemic as a simple influenza lowered social attention on the COVID-19 pandemic and instilled in some people conspiracy or denial ideas supported by statements by some doctors and non-medical professionals who said, "it''s just a flu." [3] The poor perception of the risks related to COVID-19 infection also manifested itself despite the exponential growth of infections and deaths. Misinformation and fake news contributed to the onset of PTSD and headline stress disorder cases [2] . The historical importance of the COVID-19 pandemic is such that, also in the future, COVID-19-related news will be published cyclically in the mass media and on social networks. Methanol mass poisoning outbreak: a consequence of COVID-19 pandemic and misleading messages on social media

abstract:
  In recent years, mass media and social networks have played an important role in disseminating information regarding public health. During the COVID-19 epidemic, misinformation and fake news have represented an important issue generating confusion and insecurity among the population. In our analysis, we investigate the role of mass media as a critical element during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak that has influenced the public perception of risk.


id: cord-348394-ezxvgku6
title: COVID-19 and Evolutionary Medicine
author: Henneberg, Maciej
date: 2020-06-16
txt: ./txt/cord-348394-ezxvgku6.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-348394-ezxvgku6.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33072325/
doi: 10.1093/emph/eoaa018
abstract: nan
summary:
  Before the advent of effective preventive methods and therapies, opportunities for the operation of natural selection were very large -due to premature mortality, only about one third of individuals born had an opportunity to pass their genes to the next generation (Rühli and Henneberg 2016) . Because pathogen transmission via human contact was slow, worldwide pandemics were rare. Public health measures in many of past pandemics were very similar to those i ntroduced in the current pandemic, such as isolating sick individuals which was already described e.g.in the London Privy Council Rules and Orders (1666). Biological variability produced by mutation/selection balance, genetic polymorphisms, adaptive responses during ontogeny, life histories, and particular ways of infections and immune responses results in different phenotypic characteristics that enable some individuals to survive pandemics. Such "evolution proof" solutions are another way that evolutionary medicine can contribute to stopping the current pandemic.


id: cord-349474-pprxwij6
author: Elshami, Wiam
date: 2020-09-23
txt: ./txt/cord-349474-pprxwij6.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-349474-pprxwij6.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33032889/
doi: 10.1016/j.radi.2020.09.016
summary:
  Introduction This study aimed to investigate the response of the radiology workforce to the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on professional practice in India and eight other Middle Eastern and North African countries. The survey collected information related to the following themes: (1) demographic characteristics, (2) the impact of COVID-19 on radiology practice, and (3) fear and (4) anxiety emanating from the global pandemic. The respondents reported experiences of work-related stress (42.9%), high COVID-19 fear score (83.3% ) and anxiety (10%) during the study period. The respondents reported experiences of work-related stress (42.9%), high COVID-19 fear score (83.3% ) and anxiety (10%) during the study period. Moreover, our ability to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on radiology practices and associated factors, such as fear and anxiety, among the RWF provided more insight into the psychological needs of medical workers to continue providing quality service.

title:
  The radiology workforce’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the Middle East, North Africa and India

abstract:
  Introduction This study aimed to investigate the response of the radiology workforce to the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on professional practice in India and eight other Middle Eastern and North African countries. It further investigated the levels of fear and anxiety among this workforce during the pandemic. Methods A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey from 22 May-2 June 2020 among radiology workers employed during the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey collected information related to the following themes: (1) demographic characteristics, (2) the impact of COVID-19 on radiology practice, and (3) fear and (4) anxiety emanating from the global pandemic. Results We received 903 responses. Fifty-eight percent had completed training on infection control required for handling COVID-19 patients. A large proportion (79.5%) of the respondents strongly agreed or agreed that personal protective equipment (PPE) was adequately available at work during the pandemic. The respondents reported experiences of work-related stress (42.9%), high COVID-19 fear score (83.3%) and anxiety (10%) during the study period. Conclusion There was a perceived workload increase in general x-ray and Computed Tomography imaging procedures because they were the key modalities for the initial and follow-up investigations of COVID-19. However, there was adequate availability of PPE during the study period. Most radiology workers were afraid of being infected with the virus. Fear was predominant among workers younger than 30 years of age and also in temporary staff. Anxiety occurred completely independent of gender, age, experience, country, place of work, and work status. Implications for practice It is important to provide training and regular mental health support and evaluations for healthcare professionals, including radiology workers, during similar future pandemics.


id: cord-349696-w3ajpaxo
author: Yıldız, Erman
date: 2020-07-06
txt: ./txt/cord-349696-w3ajpaxo.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-349696-w3ajpaxo.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32632997/
doi: 10.1111/ppc.12560
abstract: nan
summary:
  1 Everything regarding COVID-19 started with cases detected in the city of Wuhan in China 2 and became a public even that concerns the entire world in a short time due to the disease''s high contagiousness. 15 Indeed, unhealthy lifestyle behaviors encountered in the pandemic period are not just related to noncontagious diseases, but these behaviors are also closely in interacting with the mental health of individuals. Considering that unhealthy lifestyle behaviors due to quarantine, such as physical limitation and ineffective weight management are frequently comorbid with stress, anxiety, and depression, the mental health of individuals should not be neglected. 16 For all these reasons, from the perspectives of public health and protective care, there is an emergent need to provide information and interventions to individuals, communities and healthcare institutions for them to continue the healthiest lifestyle under quarantine. Lifestyle at time of COVID-19: how could quarantine affect cardiovascular risk

title:
  What can be said about lifestyle and psychosocial issues during the coronavirus disease pandemic? first impressions


id: cord-349949-jp0hvcg6
title: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Breast Imaging
author: Freer, Phoebe E.
date: 2020-09-22
txt: ./txt/cord-349949-jp0hvcg6.txt
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mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0033838920301330
doi: 10.1016/j.rcl.2020.09.008
summary:
  Quickly, breast radiologists and technologists had palpable concerns regarding the need to protect HCWs and patients during screening, and firm statements were released by national organizations with the ASBrS and ACR Joint Statement on Breast Screening Exams During the COVID-19 Pandemic, and the Society of Breast Imaging Statement on Breast Imaging during the COVID-19 Pandemic all released later in March, 2020, and recommending to "postpone all breast screening exams (to include screening mammography, ultrasound, and MRI) effective immediately" as well as to discontinue routine and non-urgent breast health appointments. The European Society for Medical Oncology Guidelines include increasing telehealth appointments (noting in person visits are needed for new cancer patients or urgent infections / post-operative complications) and specific guidance for management and advised that the risk/benefit balance for most patients favored continued administration of systemic therapies and chemotherapies, with additional precautions when possible (e.g., choosing less immunosuppressive therapies, regimens requiring fewer appointments) 26 .

abstract:
  Starting in Wuhan, China, followed quickly in the United States in January 2020, an outbreak of a novel coronavirus, or COVID-19 escalated to a global pandemic by March(1,2). By September 10, 2020, there were almost 28 million cases worldwide and nearly 6.4 million U.S. cases, with almost 1 million and 200,000 deaths, respectively(3). The outbreak dramatically disrupted global public health as well as precipitated upheaval to the economy and society. With no vaccine or adequate treatment, the most significant weapon to curtail its destruction was a global policy of “social distancing”, advising people to quarantine at home, closing schools and businesses, and disrupting routine health care. As the pandemic lasted, the need to re-open the economy and health care emerged with precautions placed for masking and social distancing. Significant disruptions occurred to breast imaging including deferred screening mammography, triaging diagnostic breast imaging, and changes in breast cancer care algorithms. This article summarizes the effect of the global pandemic – and efforts to curtail its spread – on both breast cancer care and on breast imaging practices including effects on patients, clinical workflow, education and research.


id: cord-350293-a09r0gjc
title: Coronavirus Pandemic: Applying a Whole-of-Society Model for the Whole-of-the World
author: Dubb, S.S.
date: 2020-05-12
txt: ./txt/cord-350293-a09r0gjc.txt
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mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0266435620302126
doi: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.05.009
summary:
  During a pandemic, a national government is often considered solely responsible for dealing with the outbreak with local-based policies. The World Health Organisation (WHO) first proposed a whole-of-society (WoS) preparation plan in 2009 with risk management update in 2017 based upon lessons learned from the 2009 A(H1N1) pandemic. The WoS approach aims to utilize the principles of complexity within systems and seeks to improve the global effort against pandemic infections, increase information sharing and further institutionalize pandemic responses. Although simple in theory, executing such measures requires national, political and local involvement incorporating the entirety of society, the so-called WoS pandemic collaboration. As the WHO raised the pandemic alert level the Taiwanese government, using the WoS model utilized many of the measures across multiple entities that we have started to witness in the UK also. Toward a collaborative model of pandemic preparedness and response: Taiwan''s changing approach to pandemics

abstract:
  During a pandemic, a national government is often considered solely responsible for dealing with the outbreak with local-based policies. A whole-of-society approach to a pandemic is evidence-based and used successfully in countries with a history of pandemic infections. This collaborative approach assumes that no single entity has the capacity to successfully manage the dynamic, complex problems that arise in a pandemic environment. Application of the whole-of-society model globally would provide a more harmonious and concerted response with mutual and synergistic benefits to all affected nations. Central entities within the model include; Civil society, business and government. These are addressed at the community, local government and sub-national level. Nine essential services are also identified including Health, defence, Law & order, Finance, Transport, Telecommunication, Energy, Food and Water. A continuing cycle of readiness, response and recovery of services encapsulates this model. Pandemics affect the whole of the world, a global whole-ofsociety approach is therefore needed to tackle them.


id: cord-353064-x4dcfjm8
title: Defining the Recovery
author: Carlos, Ruth C.
date: 2020-07-01
txt: ./txt/cord-353064-x4dcfjm8.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-353064-x4dcfjm8.txt
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mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1546144020305500
doi: 10.1016/j.jacr.2020.05.025
abstract: nan
summary:
  "Hyperlocality," a neologism, emphasizes the unique coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related experiences of each of the communities served by our radiology practices and health care institutions. The JACR has responded quickly to the need for rapid review and dissemination of COVID-19-related information to help practices manage the acute phase of the pandemic and signpost the coming recovery by using an existing expedited peer-review process for high-impact manuscripts and fast-tracked online publication of preproofs. Variables influencing radiology volume recovery during the next phase of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic Changes in interventional radiology practice in a tertiary academic center in the-United States during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic ACR statement on safe resumption of routine radiology care during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic Rescheduling non-urgent care in radiology: implementation during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic Transparency and trust during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic


id: cord-354690-ywb9krdp
author: Barr, Margo
date: 2008-09-15
txt: ./txt/cord-354690-ywb9krdp.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-354690-ywb9krdp.txt
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mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18793441/
doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-8-117
summary:
  Most of the existing information about a population''s response to the threat of pandemics comes from research on outbreaks of the SARS coronavirus, most notably in Hong Kong, Singapore, and Canada, [2] [3] [4] [5] and on studies of risk perception and anticipated behaviours in a potential pandemic in humans from the avian influenza virus (especially the H5N1 subtype). For the hypothetical questions -that is, likelihood of pandemic influenza, likelihood that family or self affected, willingness to comply with vaccination, isolation or wearing a face mask -the responses of extremely likely and very likely were combined into the indicator of interest. Table 4 shows the indicators for pandemic influenza likely, concern for self and family, and changed life by sex, age group, demographic characteristics, and the indicators of level of psychological distress and general self-rated health status.

title:
  Pandemic influenza in Australia: Using telephone surveys to measure perceptions of threat and willingness to comply

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Baseline data is necessary for monitoring how a population perceives the threat of pandemic influenza, and perceives how it would behave in the event of pandemic influenza. Our aim was to develop a module of questions for use in telephone health surveys on perceptions of threat of pandemic influenza, and on preparedness to comply with specific public health behaviours in the event of pandemic influenza. METHODS: A module of questions was developed and field tested on 192 adults using the New South Wales Department of Health's in-house Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) facility. The questions were then modified and re field tested on 202 adults. The module was then incorporated into the New South Wales Population Health Survey in the first quarter of 2007. A representative sample of 2,081 adults completed the module. Their responses were weighted against the state population. RESULTS: The reliability of the questions was acceptable with kappa ranging between 0.25 and 0.51. Overall 14.9% of the state population thought pandemic influenza was very or extremely likely to occur; 45.5% were very or extremely concerned that they or their family would be affected by pandemic influenza if it occurred; and 23.8% had made some level of change to the way they live their life because of the possibility of pandemic influenza. In the event of pandemic influenza, the majority of the population were willing to: be vaccinated (75.4%), be isolated (70.2%), and wear a face mask (59.9%). People with higher levels of threat perception are significantly more likely to be willing to comply with specific public health behaviours. CONCLUSION: While only 14.9% of the state population thought pandemic influenza was very or extremely likely to occur, a significantly higher proportion were concerned for self and family should a pandemic actually occur. The baseline data collected in this survey will be useful for monitoring changes over time in the population's perceptions of threat, and preparedness to comply with specific public health behaviours.


id: cord-354779-5jbehcb6
title: Confronting the Pandemic Superthreat of Climate Change and Urbanization
author: nan
date: 2019-12-31
txt: ./txt/cord-354779-5jbehcb6.txt
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mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orbis.2019.08.006
doi: 10.1016/j.orbis.2019.08.006
abstract: nan
summary:
  One especially tragic example is the "Black Death" of the mid-fourteenth century, which killed upwards of 75 million people in Europe and Asia and likely was caused by climatic changes that stimulated the growth of the rodent population. More aggressive action is required to resolve, or at least mitigate, the immediate consequences and near-horizon disasters looming as a result of climate change and increasing urbanization-especially regarding the possibility of a pandemic. 38 Several arms of the U.S. government, including the Department of State (DoS), the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), are actively combatting disease and climate change around the world. It is essential to expand partnerships with and support the World Health Organization (WHO), USAID, and others to add facilities, provide training, conduct services in the most vulnerable areas, and help cities better plan for expansion and a proper balance of interaction between humans, animals, and 80 Johns Hopkins, "Technologies to Address Global Catastrophic Biological Risks," p.


id: cord-354941-0ocsf255
author: Amorin‐Woods, Deisy
date: 2020-06-08
txt: ./txt/cord-354941-0ocsf255.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-354941-0ocsf255.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1002/anzf.1416
doi: 10.1002/anzf.1416
summary:
  This paper offers a collection of reflections by systemic and family therapists from diverse cultures and contexts penned in the midst of the pandemic. I felt as if these early collections merged into one, represent the ''holding, healing space'' that we as therapists need, before we dare consider what life may look like on the ''other side.'' Without this, how could we support our clients in putting themselves, their families, and their lives back together, in even contemplating what a world of ''functionality'' or ''normality'' may look like? It is crucial that we are able to name and process our experiences in order to support our Global Family Therapists reflect on COVID-19 ª 2020 Australian Association of Family Therapy clients to do the same, in order to provide the holding space they need, and joining-in with them (Minuchin, 1974) .

title:
  Family Therapy and COVID‐19: International Reflections during the Pandemic from Systemic Therapists across the Globe

abstract:
  The COVID‐19 pandemic has convulsed human communities across the globe like no previous event in history. Family therapists, paradoxically, given the core of their work is with systems, are also experiencing upheaval in professional and personal lives, trying to work amidst a society in chaos. This paper offers a collection of reflections by systemic and family therapists from diverse cultures and contexts penned in the midst of the pandemic. The main intention in distilling these narratives is to preserve the ‘cultural diversity’ and ‘ecological position’ of the contributors, guided by phenomenology, cultural ecology, and systemic worldviews of ‘experiencing.’ The second intention is to ‘unite’ promoting solidarity in this isolating situation by bringing each story together, creating its own metaphor of a family: united, connected, stronger. As a cross‐cultural family practitioner, with a strong mission for collaboration, the lead author acknowledges the importance of Context – the nation and location of the experience; Culture – the manner in which culture impacts on experience; Collaboration – enhancing partnership, enriching knowledge, and mapping the journey’s direction; and Connectedness – combating isolation while enhancing unity. Since the key transmission of culture is through language, raw reflections were sought initially in the practitioners’ own language, which were translated for an English‐speaking readership. These narratives are honest and rich descriptions of the authors’ lived experiences, diverse and distinctive. The contributors trust colleagues will find these reflections helpful, validating and acknowledging the challenges of this unique period in history.


