Carrel name: keyword-pakistan-cord Creating study carrel named keyword-pakistan-cord Initializing database file: cache/cord-005129-2e6b5tm2.json key: cord-005129-2e6b5tm2 authors: Chaudhry, Mamoona; Ahmad, Maqbool; Rashid, Hamad Bin; Sultan, Bakhat; Chaudhry, Haroon Rashid; Riaz, Aayesha; Shaheen, Muhammad Shabir title: Prospective study of avian influenza H9 infection in commercial poultry farms of Punjab Province and Islamabad Capital Territory, Pakistan date: 2016-10-20 journal: Trop Anim Health Prod DOI: 10.1007/s11250-016-1159-6 sha: doc_id: 5129 cord_uid: 2e6b5tm2 file: cache/cord-117800-jzokod4q.json key: cord-117800-jzokod4q authors: Umer, Hamza; Khan, Muhammad Salar title: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Regional Lockdown Policies in the Containment of Covid-19: Evidence from Pakistan date: 2020-06-04 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 117800 cord_uid: jzokod4q file: cache/cord-017731-xzfo5jjq.json key: cord-017731-xzfo5jjq authors: Todd, Ewen C. D. title: Foodborne Disease in the Middle East date: 2016-11-25 journal: Water, Energy & Food Sustainability in the Middle East DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48920-9_17 sha: doc_id: 17731 cord_uid: xzfo5jjq file: cache/cord-025667-ta7n2u31.json key: cord-025667-ta7n2u31 authors: Jawaid, Shaukat Ali title: Medical Journal Publishing: Continued struggle is essential to Achieve and maintain standards date: 2020 journal: Pak J Med Sci DOI: 10.12669/pjms.36.4.2685 sha: doc_id: 25667 cord_uid: ta7n2u31 file: cache/cord-221652-rsxw0q0e.json key: cord-221652-rsxw0q0e authors: Farooq, Fizza; Khan, Javeria; Science, Muhammad Usman Ghani Khan Al-khawarizmi Institute of Computer; Pakistan, UET Lahore; Science, Department of Computer title: Effect of Lockdown on the spread of COVID-19 in Pakistan date: 2020-05-18 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 221652 cord_uid: rsxw0q0e file: cache/cord-256676-b7p92sb1.json key: cord-256676-b7p92sb1 authors: Syed, Faiza; Sibgatullah, Syed title: Estimation of the Final Size of the COVID-19 Epidemic in Pakistan date: 2020-04-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.01.20050369 sha: doc_id: 256676 cord_uid: b7p92sb1 file: cache/cord-258126-8ityzjjh.json key: cord-258126-8ityzjjh authors: Mamun, Mohammed A.; Ullah, Irfan title: COVID-19 suicides in Pakistan, dying off not COVID-19 fear but poverty? – The forthcoming economic challenges for a developing country date: 2020-05-11 journal: Brain Behav Immun DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.028 sha: doc_id: 258126 cord_uid: 8ityzjjh file: cache/cord-265996-97xxpe8m.json key: cord-265996-97xxpe8m authors: Din, M.; Asghar, M.; Ali, M. title: Delays in polio vaccination programs due to COVID-19 in Pakistan: a major threat to Pakistan's long war against polio virus date: 2020-10-13 journal: Public Health DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.09.004 sha: doc_id: 265996 cord_uid: 97xxpe8m file: cache/cord-279405-1d6gznls.json key: cord-279405-1d6gznls authors: Butt, Muhammad Hammad; Ahmad, Abrar; Misbah, Shahzadi; Mallhi, Tauqeer Hussain; Khan, Yusra Habib title: Dengue Fever and COVID‐19 Co‐Infection; A Threat to Public Health for Co‐epidemic in Pakistan date: 2020-08-27 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26464 sha: doc_id: 279405 cord_uid: 1d6gznls file: cache/cord-255376-nqq5ieyg.json key: cord-255376-nqq5ieyg authors: Safdar, Muhammad; Yasmin, Musarat title: COVID‐19: A threat to educated Muslim women's negotiated identity in Pakistan date: 2020-05-08 journal: Gend Work Organ DOI: 10.1111/gwao.12457 sha: doc_id: 255376 cord_uid: nqq5ieyg file: cache/cord-260583-n20y2zep.json key: cord-260583-n20y2zep authors: Haqqi, Aleena; Khurram, Muhammad; Din, Maryam Salah Ud; Aftab, Muhammad Nauman; Ali, Muhammad; Ahmed, Haroon; Afzal, Muhammad Sohail title: COVID‐19 and Salmonella Typhi co‐epidemics in Pakistan: A real problem date: 2020-07-15 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26293 sha: doc_id: 260583 cord_uid: n20y2zep file: cache/cord-265575-gcaj3p0f.json key: cord-265575-gcaj3p0f authors: Shah, Pir Tariq; Xing, Li title: Increasing and declining of COVID-19 cases puzzling the health experts in Pakistan date: 2020-10-17 journal: New Microbes New Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100791 sha: doc_id: 265575 cord_uid: gcaj3p0f file: cache/cord-258879-dueab356.json key: cord-258879-dueab356 authors: Imran, Nazish; Masood, Hafiz Muhammad Umar; Ayub, Maryam; Gondal, Khalid Masood title: Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on postgraduate trainees: a cross-sectional survey date: 2020-08-25 journal: Postgrad Med J DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-138364 sha: doc_id: 258879 cord_uid: dueab356 file: cache/cord-030959-olcz7g19.json key: cord-030959-olcz7g19 authors: Hussain, Ejaz; Rao, Muhammad Furqan title: China–Pakistan Economic Cooperation: The Case of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) date: 2020-08-28 journal: Fudan J DOI: 10.1007/s40647-020-00292-5 sha: doc_id: 30959 cord_uid: olcz7g19 file: cache/cord-280050-fktc778q.json key: cord-280050-fktc778q authors: Tahir, Shumaila; Tahir, Syeda Anjala; Bin Arif, Taha; Majid, Bushra; Majid, Zainab; Malik, Farheen; Ahmed, Ashfaque; Memon, Arslan; Ahmed, Jawad title: Epidemiological and Clinical Features of SARS-CoV-2: A Retrospective Study from East Karachi, Pakistan date: 2020-06-17 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8679 sha: doc_id: 280050 cord_uid: fktc778q file: cache/cord-307697-ds4uw7y1.json key: cord-307697-ds4uw7y1 authors: Ahmed, Jawad; Malik, Farheen; Bin Arif, Taha; Majid, Zainab; Chaudhary, Muhammad A; Ahmad, Junaid; Malik, Mehreen; Khan, Taj M; Khalid, Muhammad title: Availability of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Among US and Pakistani Doctors in COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-10 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8550 sha: doc_id: 307697 cord_uid: ds4uw7y1 file: cache/cord-303102-ap1dzbp9.json key: cord-303102-ap1dzbp9 authors: Iqbal, Sajid; Bilal, Ahmad Raza; Nurunnabi, Mohammad; Iqbal, Wasim; Alfakhri, Yazeed; Iqbal, Nadeem title: It is time to control the worst: testing COVID-19 outbreak, energy consumption and CO(2) emission date: 2020-11-12 journal: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11462-z sha: doc_id: 303102 cord_uid: ap1dzbp9 file: cache/cord-275897-j9cwlzxu.json key: cord-275897-j9cwlzxu authors: Hashmi, Ali M.; Saleem, Haider Ali title: New Horizons: COVID-19 and the Burden of Neuropsychiatric Illness in Pakistan date: 2020-05-17 journal: Pak J Med Sci DOI: 10.12669/pjms.36.covid19-s4.2792 sha: doc_id: 275897 cord_uid: j9cwlzxu file: cache/cord-291615-5440k4ax.json key: cord-291615-5440k4ax authors: Mukhtar, Sonia title: Preparedness and proactive infection control measures of Pakistan during COVID-19 pandemic outbreak date: 2020-04-11 journal: Res Social Adm Pharm DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.04.011 sha: doc_id: 291615 cord_uid: 5440k4ax file: cache/cord-267791-v10eh408.json key: cord-267791-v10eh408 authors: Chughtai, Abrar Ahmad; Khan, Wasiq title: Use of personal protective equipment to protect against respiratory infections in Pakistan: A systematic review date: 2019-02-07 journal: J Infect Public Health DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2019.01.064 sha: doc_id: 267791 cord_uid: v10eh408 file: cache/cord-337155-e4gn4fo1.json key: cord-337155-e4gn4fo1 authors: Ullah, Atta; Pinglu, Chen; Ullah, Saif; Zaman, Mubasher; Hashmi, Shujahat Haider title: The nexus between capital structure, firm-specific factors, macroeconomic factors and financial performance in the textile sector of Pakistan date: 2020-08-31 journal: Heliyon DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04741 sha: doc_id: 337155 cord_uid: e4gn4fo1 file: cache/cord-285223-07o9irev.json key: cord-285223-07o9irev authors: Malik, Usman Rashid; Atif, Naveel; Hashmi, Furqan Khurshid; Saleem, Fahad; Saeed, Hamid; Islam, Muhammad; Jiang, Minghuan; Zhao, Mingyue; Yang, Caijun; Fang, Yu title: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Healthcare Professionals on COVID-19 and Risk Assessment to Prevent the Epidemic Spread: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study from Punjab, Pakistan date: 2020-09-02 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176395 sha: doc_id: 285223 cord_uid: 07o9irev file: cache/cord-305146-iprzeigk.json key: cord-305146-iprzeigk authors: Chughtai, Abrar Ahmad; Khan, Wasiq title: Use of personal protective equipment to protect against respiratory infections in Pakistan: A systematic review date: 2020-03-04 journal: J Infect Public Health DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.02.032 sha: doc_id: 305146 cord_uid: iprzeigk file: cache/cord-296363-qgoxlqoq.json key: cord-296363-qgoxlqoq authors: Khan, Yusra Habib; Mallhi, Tauqeer Hussain; Alotaibi, Nasser Hadal; Alzarea, Abdulaziz Ibrahim; Alanazi, Abdullah Salah; Tanveer, Nida; Hashmi, Furqan Khurshid title: Threat of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Pakistan: The Need for Measures to Neutralize Misleading Narratives date: 2020-06-22 journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0654 sha: doc_id: 296363 cord_uid: qgoxlqoq file: cache/cord-034495-gvtv8o96.json key: cord-034495-gvtv8o96 authors: Hussain, Kashif; Ambreen, Gul; Muzammil, Mehreen; Raza, Syed Shamim; Ali, Umer title: Pharmacy services during COVID-19 pandemic: experience from a tertiary care teaching hospital in Pakistan date: 2020-11-02 journal: J Pharm Policy Pract DOI: 10.1186/s40545-020-00277-5 sha: doc_id: 34495 cord_uid: gvtv8o96 file: cache/cord-302842-idbmh1uo.json key: cord-302842-idbmh1uo authors: Raza, Ali; Khan, Muhammad Tariq Iqbal; Ali, Qamar; Hussain, Tanveer; Narjis, Saadia title: Association between meteorological indicators and COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan date: 2020-10-14 journal: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11203-2 sha: doc_id: 302842 cord_uid: idbmh1uo file: cache/cord-302497-5tydrrz1.json key: cord-302497-5tydrrz1 authors: Bukhari, Nadia; Rasheed, Huma; Nayyer, Bismah; Babar, Zaheer-Ud-Din title: Pharmacists at the frontline beating the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-20 journal: J Pharm Policy Pract DOI: 10.1186/s40545-020-00210-w sha: doc_id: 302497 cord_uid: 5tydrrz1 file: cache/cord-318390-uuz37610.json key: cord-318390-uuz37610 authors: Saleem, Tayyaba; Sheikh, Nadeem; Abbasi, Muddasir Hassan; Javed, Iram; khawar, Muhammad Babar title: COVID-19 containment and its unrestrained impact on epilepsy management in resource-limited areas of Pakistan date: 2020-09-25 journal: Epilepsy Behav DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107476 sha: doc_id: 318390 cord_uid: uuz37610 file: cache/cord-290952-tbsccwgx.json key: cord-290952-tbsccwgx authors: Ullah, Saif; Khan, Muhammad Altaf title: Modeling the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on the dynamics of novel coronavirus with optimal control analysis with a case study date: 2020-07-03 journal: Chaos Solitons Fractals DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110075 sha: doc_id: 290952 cord_uid: tbsccwgx file: cache/cord-348521-ai7d634u.json key: cord-348521-ai7d634u authors: Atif, Muhammad; Malik, Iram title: COVID-19 and community pharmacy services in Pakistan: challenges, barriers and solution for progress date: 2020-06-15 journal: J Pharm Policy Pract DOI: 10.1186/s40545-020-00240-4 sha: doc_id: 348521 cord_uid: ai7d634u file: cache/cord-318240-wxtktbfa.json key: cord-318240-wxtktbfa authors: Salman, Muhammad; Mustafa, Zia Ul; Khan, Tahir Mehmood; Shehzadi, Naureen; Hussain, Khalid title: How Prepared Was Pakistan for the COVID-19 Outbreak? date: 2020-07-14 journal: Disaster medicine and public health preparedness DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2020.247 sha: doc_id: 318240 cord_uid: wxtktbfa file: cache/cord-275445-d3i12m3l.json key: cord-275445-d3i12m3l authors: Hashmi, Madiha; Taqi, Arshad; Memon, Muhammad I.; Ali, Syed Muneeb; Khaskheli, Saleh; Sheharyar, Muhammad; Hayat, Muhammad; Shiekh, Mohiuddin; Kodippily, Chamira; Gamage, Dilanthi; Dondorp, Arjen M.; Haniffa, Rashan; Beane, Abi title: A national survey of critical care services in hospitals accredited for training in a lower-middle income country: Pakistan date: 2020-08-21 journal: J Crit Care DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.08.017 sha: doc_id: 275445 cord_uid: d3i12m3l file: cache/cord-268149-narre5e7.json key: cord-268149-narre5e7 authors: Aziz, Muhammad Abdul; Khan, Amir Hasan; Adnan, Muhammad; Ullah, Habib title: Traditional uses of medicinal plants used by Indigenous communities for veterinary practices at Bajaur Agency, Pakistan date: 2018-01-29 journal: J Ethnobiol Ethnomed DOI: 10.1186/s13002-018-0212-0 sha: doc_id: 268149 cord_uid: narre5e7 file: cache/cord-279395-qfb06csa.json key: cord-279395-qfb06csa authors: Khan, Samea; Khan, Mahjabeen; Maqsood, Khizra; Hussain, Tanveer; Noor‐ul‐Huda,; Zeeshan, Muhammad title: Is Pakistan prepared for the COVID‐19 epidemic? A questionnaire‐based survey date: 2020-04-10 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25814 sha: doc_id: 279395 cord_uid: qfb06csa file: cache/cord-292293-tko186lh.json key: cord-292293-tko186lh authors: Javed, W.; Baqar, J. B.; Abidi, S. H. B.; Farooq, W. title: Sero-prevalence findings from metropoles in Pakistan: implications for assessing COVID-19 prevalence and case-fatality within a dense, urban working population date: 2020-08-14 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.13.20173914 sha: doc_id: 292293 cord_uid: tko186lh file: cache/cord-308556-xi2un0kc.json key: cord-308556-xi2un0kc authors: Saadat, S.; Mansoor, S.; Fahim, A. title: Covid-19 SEIDRD Modelling for Pakistan with implementation of seasonality, healthcare capacity and behavioral risk reduction date: 2020-09-02 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.01.20182642 sha: doc_id: 308556 cord_uid: xi2un0kc file: cache/cord-311085-jmuyi53x.json key: cord-311085-jmuyi53x authors: Saqlain, Muhammad; Munir, Muhammad Muddasir; Ahmed, Ali; Tahir, Azhar Hussain; Kamran, Sohail title: Is Pakistan prepared to tackle the coronavirus epidemic? date: 2020-03-20 journal: Drugs Ther Perspect DOI: 10.1007/s40267-020-00721-1 sha: doc_id: 311085 cord_uid: jmuyi53x file: cache/cord-315059-l6guql8q.json key: cord-315059-l6guql8q authors: Mubarak, Naeem title: Corona and Clergy: The missing link for an effective social distancing in Pakistan. Time for some unpopular decisions date: 2020-04-30 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.04.067 sha: doc_id: 315059 cord_uid: l6guql8q file: cache/cord-310293-0s7l0l4k.json key: cord-310293-0s7l0l4k authors: Salman, Saima; Saleem, Syed Ghazanfar; Khatri, Adeel; Jamal, Imran; Maroof, Quratulain; Alam, Ashar title: Inter-hospital communication and transfer practices during COVID-19 Pandemic in Karachi, Pakistan. A brief overview date: 2020-05-17 journal: Pak J Med Sci DOI: 10.12669/pjms.36.covid19-s4.2803 sha: doc_id: 310293 cord_uid: 0s7l0l4k file: cache/cord-270898-7ap8lcxm.json key: cord-270898-7ap8lcxm authors: Javed, Bilal; Sarwer, Abdullah; Soto, Erik B.; Mashwani, Zia-ur-Rehman title: Is Pakistan's Response to Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Adequate to Prevent an Outbreak? date: 2020-04-21 journal: Front Med (Lausanne) DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00158 sha: doc_id: 270898 cord_uid: 7ap8lcxm file: cache/cord-278145-3tfcxbfz.json key: cord-278145-3tfcxbfz authors: Ahmed, Sibtain; Jafri, Lena; Majid, Hafsa; Khan, Aysha Habib; Ghani, Farooq; Siddiqui, Imran title: Challenges amid COVID-19 times - Review of the changing practices in a clinical chemistry laboratory from a developing country date: 2020-06-06 journal: Ann Med Surg (Lond) DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.06.004 sha: doc_id: 278145 cord_uid: 3tfcxbfz Reading metadata file and updating bibliogrpahics === updating bibliographic database Building study carrel named keyword-pakistan-cord === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 3549 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 3157 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 3532 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 3323 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 3728 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 4040 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 4462 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 5031 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 5039 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 4432 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 6063 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 5858 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 4705 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 5871 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 6074 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 4707 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 5994 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 4675 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 6300 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 4436 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 6326 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 6054 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 5197 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 6928 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 6426 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 6681 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-025667-ta7n2u31 author: Jawaid, Shaukat Ali title: Medical Journal Publishing: Continued struggle is essential to Achieve and maintain standards date: 2020 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-025667-ta7n2u31.txt cache: ./cache/cord-025667-ta7n2u31.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-025667-ta7n2u31.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279405-1d6gznls author: Butt, Muhammad Hammad title: Dengue Fever and COVID‐19 Co‐Infection; A Threat to Public Health for Co‐epidemic in Pakistan date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279405-1d6gznls.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279405-1d6gznls.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-279405-1d6gznls.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315059-l6guql8q author: Mubarak, Naeem title: Corona and Clergy: The missing link for an effective social distancing in Pakistan. Time for some unpopular decisions date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315059-l6guql8q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315059-l6guql8q.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-315059-l6guql8q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292293-tko186lh author: Javed, W. title: Sero-prevalence findings from metropoles in Pakistan: implications for assessing COVID-19 prevalence and case-fatality within a dense, urban working population date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292293-tko186lh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292293-tko186lh.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-292293-tko186lh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318390-uuz37610 author: Saleem, Tayyaba title: COVID-19 containment and its unrestrained impact on epilepsy management in resource-limited areas of Pakistan date: 2020-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318390-uuz37610.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318390-uuz37610.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318390-uuz37610.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307697-ds4uw7y1 author: Ahmed, Jawad title: Availability of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Among US and Pakistani Doctors in COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307697-ds4uw7y1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307697-ds4uw7y1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-307697-ds4uw7y1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302842-idbmh1uo author: Raza, Ali title: Association between meteorological indicators and COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan date: 2020-10-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302842-idbmh1uo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302842-idbmh1uo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-302842-idbmh1uo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305146-iprzeigk author: Chughtai, Abrar Ahmad title: Use of personal protective equipment to protect against respiratory infections in Pakistan: A systematic review date: 2020-03-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305146-iprzeigk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305146-iprzeigk.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-305146-iprzeigk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278145-3tfcxbfz author: Ahmed, Sibtain title: Challenges amid COVID-19 times - Review of the changing practices in a clinical chemistry laboratory from a developing country date: 2020-06-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278145-3tfcxbfz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278145-3tfcxbfz.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-278145-3tfcxbfz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285223-07o9irev author: Malik, Usman Rashid title: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Healthcare Professionals on COVID-19 and Risk Assessment to Prevent the Epidemic Spread: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study from Punjab, Pakistan date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285223-07o9irev.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285223-07o9irev.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-285223-07o9irev.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290952-tbsccwgx author: Ullah, Saif title: Modeling the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on the dynamics of novel coronavirus with optimal control analysis with a case study date: 2020-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290952-tbsccwgx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290952-tbsccwgx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-290952-tbsccwgx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303102-ap1dzbp9 author: Iqbal, Sajid title: It is time to control the worst: testing COVID-19 outbreak, energy consumption and CO(2) emission date: 2020-11-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303102-ap1dzbp9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303102-ap1dzbp9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-303102-ap1dzbp9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337155-e4gn4fo1 author: Ullah, Atta title: The nexus between capital structure, firm-specific factors, macroeconomic factors and financial performance in the textile sector of Pakistan date: 2020-08-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337155-e4gn4fo1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337155-e4gn4fo1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-337155-e4gn4fo1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268149-narre5e7 author: Aziz, Muhammad Abdul title: Traditional uses of medicinal plants used by Indigenous communities for veterinary practices at Bajaur Agency, Pakistan date: 2018-01-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268149-narre5e7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268149-narre5e7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268149-narre5e7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-017731-xzfo5jjq author: Todd, Ewen C. D. title: Foodborne Disease in the Middle East date: 2016-11-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-017731-xzfo5jjq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-017731-xzfo5jjq.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-017731-xzfo5jjq.txt' Que is empty; done keyword-pakistan-cord === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-017731-xzfo5jjq author = Todd, Ewen C. D. title = Foodborne Disease in the Middle East date = 2016-11-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 25377 sentences = 1067 flesch = 52 summary = Food safety is a concern worldwide and according to the World Health Organization, developing countries are probably more at risk of foodborne illness because many of these, including those in the Middle East, have limited disease surveillance and prevention and control strategies. Like many other parts of the developing world, foodborne disease surveillance is limited and outbreaks are most often reported through the Press but with insufficient detail to determine the etiological agents and the factors contributing to the outbreaks, leading to speculation to the cause by those interested or responsible for food prevention and control. Thus, the main foodborne disease issues are with homemade, restaurant and street food, where isolated claims of illness are followed up by inspections and possible punitive action by public health agencies responsible for food safety. cache = ./cache/cord-017731-xzfo5jjq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-017731-xzfo5jjq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-025667-ta7n2u31 author = Jawaid, Shaukat Ali title = Medical Journal Publishing: Continued struggle is essential to Achieve and maintain standards date = 2020 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1642 sentences = 99 flesch = 65 summary = Over the years the number of submissions from China, Iran has drastically reduced simply because we are more careful, selected only good quality manuscripts besides encouraging the authors to publish their manuscripts in their local journals. A further analysis of submission from Pakistan revealed that maximum number of manuscripts was submitted from Karachi followed by Lahore, Peshawar and Rawalpindi despite the fact that a large number of medical journals are also published from these cities but it is also a fact that more research work is also undertaken in these cities for various reasons. Since the objective of the Journal and its Editorial team is not just to accept, reject and publish papers but also teach and train the authors, Editorial team of Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences has been actively participating in organizing as well as facilitating workshop on Scientific Writing, Peer Review and training courses on Journal publishing not only in Pakistan but in the EMRO region as well. cache = ./cache/cord-025667-ta7n2u31.txt txt = ./txt/cord-025667-ta7n2u31.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279405-1d6gznls author = Butt, Muhammad Hammad title = Dengue Fever and COVID‐19 Co‐Infection; A Threat to Public Health for Co‐epidemic in Pakistan date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1075 sentences = 75 flesch = 52 summary = geographical spread of COVID-19 and more involvement of adults, there have been increasing reports of co-infections with various other infectious diseases. During the on-going pandemic where health authorities are primarily engaged to contain the infection, any other infectious disease outbreak will hinder the manoeuvres combating COVID-19 and will create the diagnostic challenges for healthcare professionals. Recently, National Institute of Health (NIH) in Pakistan issued 'High Alert' for dengue viral infection (DVI) as monsoon season (July -December) is considered a vulnerable period for dengue spread [2] . Keeping in view the fragile healthcare system and economic turmoil in Pakistan, dengue outbreak will pose serious challenges for which country is not This article is protected by copyright. In Thailand, a patient who presented with petechial rashes was treated as dengue case but declared as co-infected with COVID-19 following advanced clinical diagnosis [6] . Patients presenting to healthcare professionals with fever, rash, headache and respiratory problems must be subjected to DVI and COVID-19 diagnosis. cache = ./cache/cord-279405-1d6gznls.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279405-1d6gznls.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307697-ds4uw7y1 author = Ahmed, Jawad title = Availability of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Among US and Pakistani Doctors in COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4562 sentences = 216 flesch = 57 summary = Whereas, doctors in Pakistan reported to have poor availability of PPE with only 37.4% having access to masks/N95 respirator, 34.5% to gloves, 13.8% to face-shields or goggles, and 12.9% to full-suit/gown. Whereas, doctors in Pakistan reported to have poor availability of PPE with only 37.4% having access to masks/N95 respirator, 34.5% to gloves, 13.8% to face-shields or goggles, and 12.9% to full-suit/gown. In contrast, doctors in Pakistan reported to have poor availability of PPE with only 37.4% (n = 130) having access to masks/N95 respirator, 34.5% (n = 120) to gloves, 13.8% (n = 48) to face-shields or goggles, and 12.9% (n = 44) to full-suit/gown. In our study, 73% of doctors from Pakistan and 58.4% from the US reported that HCWs in their hospitals had been infected with COVID-19. To conclude, there is a shortage of PPE in hospitals of the US and Pakistan due to COVID-19 and doctors are feeling scared working without adequate protection in the pandemic situation. cache = ./cache/cord-307697-ds4uw7y1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307697-ds4uw7y1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303102-ap1dzbp9 author = Iqbal, Sajid title = It is time to control the worst: testing COVID-19 outbreak, energy consumption and CO(2) emission date = 2020-11-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7944 sentences = 387 flesch = 47 summary = While, due to COVID-19 outbreak, several health issues have been raised and such issues are becoming serious days by day, more specifically in frugal economies like Pakistan, this impact is very critical, and now, an economic shock is being perceived; lockdown is being extended continuously; and by the effect of lockdown fuel consumption, CO 2 emission, energy demand and supply declined and market mechanism is altered very speedily. By the fact, the COVID-19 outbreak affected the energy sector of the world as a whole, and eventually, the demand graph of oil supplies have become bearish; oil market prices faced a decline; and big economies like the USA are bidding the oil-free of cost (Malamud and Núñez 2020) . We contributed in literature by presenting a novel study on the COVID-19 effect on carbon emission and energy consumption in modern time when the world is finding the solution for each and every sector and each and every aspect to make it sustainable. cache = ./cache/cord-303102-ap1dzbp9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303102-ap1dzbp9.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337155-e4gn4fo1 author = Ullah, Atta title = The nexus between capital structure, firm-specific factors, macroeconomic factors and financial performance in the textile sector of Pakistan date = 2020-08-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7632 sentences = 395 flesch = 49 summary = The study aimed to analyse the role of the capital structure in the financial performance of 90 textile firms listed in Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) during the period 2008–2017. The results indicate that the capital structure debt to equity variable has a negative and significant relationship with financial performance while the asset turnover ratio and firm performance showed a negative and statistically insignificant relationship. The current study thus contributes to the existing literature by highlighting the firm-specific factors that affect the performance of the textile sector firms that are listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) concerning capital structure choices. The relationship of firms' financing choice based on the capital structure, export growth, taxation, and financial performance (ROE) is a new variable in this particular study based on the textile sector. The current study aimed to highlight the relationship between the determinants of the capital structure and its impact on firm financial performance in the textile sector of Pakistan. cache = ./cache/cord-337155-e4gn4fo1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337155-e4gn4fo1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285223-07o9irev author = Malik, Usman Rashid title = Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Healthcare Professionals on COVID-19 and Risk Assessment to Prevent the Epidemic Spread: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study from Punjab, Pakistan date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4795 sentences = 237 flesch = 51 summary = title: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Healthcare Professionals on COVID-19 and Risk Assessment to Prevent the Epidemic Spread: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study from Punjab, Pakistan A 39-itemed questionnaire based on the World Health Organization (WHO)COVID-19 risk assessment tool was shared with healthcare professionals in three purposively selected key divisions of Punjab province. Avoiding cross-infection from patients along with effective care delivery can be achieved if the healthcare professionals, including physicians, pharmacists, nurses, and other medical staff, have sufficient knowledge, a positive attitude, and better practices about COVID-19. A recent study reported the deficiencies in the awareness and preparedness of medical professionals regarding COVID-19 in Pakistan and demonstrated that frontline health workers were not well-prepared to prevent and control the infection [14] . A cross-sectional study to examine the knowledge, attitude, practices, and risk assessment of HCPs regarding coronavirus and its associated disease (COVID-19) was conducted. cache = ./cache/cord-285223-07o9irev.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285223-07o9irev.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305146-iprzeigk author = Chughtai, Abrar Ahmad title = Use of personal protective equipment to protect against respiratory infections in Pakistan: A systematic review date = 2020-03-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4245 sentences = 242 flesch = 53 summary = We conducted a systematic review of studies on PPE use for respiratory infections in healthcare settings in Pakistan. Face masks (or medical masks) and respirators are the most commonly used PPE to protect from influenza and other respiratory infection in healthcare settings. The aim of this study was to examine the use of PPE for respiratory infections in healthcare settings in Pakistan. Studies where PPE was examined for general infection control were also included, given respiratory protective equipment (face masks and/or respirators) was mentioned. Two studies examined the guidelines and current practices on the use of face masks/respirators for influenza, tuberculosis and SARS in Pakistan [21, 22] . Medical masks were generally used to protect from influenza, tuberculosis and other respiratory infections, while the use of respirators was limited to high-risk situations [21, 22] . cache = ./cache/cord-305146-iprzeigk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305146-iprzeigk.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302842-idbmh1uo author = Raza, Ali title = Association between meteorological indicators and COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan date = 2020-10-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5066 sentences = 336 flesch = 51 summary = This study was designed to investigate the impact of meteorological indicators (temperature, rainfall, and humidity) on total COVID-19 cases in Pakistan, its provinces, and administrative units from March 10, 2020, to August 25, 2020. The contribution of this study is (a) it first time examined the relationship between meteorological indicators and COVID-19 in Pakistan, (b) it first time examined the relationship between meteorological indicators and COVID-19 in four provinces and three administrative units in Pakistan, and (c) it used the generalized models to investigate the impact of average temperature, rainfall, and humidity on COVID-19 cases. A higher correlation coefficient was observed between temperature (minimum, maximum, and Fig. 11 Humidity in provinces and administrative areas Environ Sci Pollut Res average) and COVID-19 cases for all provinces and administrative units (Punjab, Sindh, Baluchistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Islamabad Capital Territory, Gilgit-Baltistan, and Azad Jammu and Kashmir). cache = ./cache/cord-302842-idbmh1uo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302842-idbmh1uo.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290952-tbsccwgx author = Ullah, Saif title = Modeling the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on the dynamics of novel coronavirus with optimal control analysis with a case study date = 2020-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6464 sentences = 357 flesch = 51 summary = In this paper, we develop a mathematical model to explore the transmission dynamics and possible control of the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan, one of the Asian countries with a high burden of disease with more than 100,000 confirmed infected cases so far. In this paper, we develop a mathematical model to explore the transmission dynamics and possible control of the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan, one of the Asian countries with a high burden of disease with more than 100,000 confirmed infected cases so far. The effect of low (or mild), moderate, and comparatively strict control interventions like social-distancing, quarantine rate, (or contact-tracing of suspected people) and hospitalization (or self-isolation) of testing positive COVID-19 cases are shown graphically. The effect of low (or mild), moderate, and comparatively strict control interventions like social-distancing, quarantine rate, (or contact-tracing of suspected people) and hospitalization (or self-isolation) of testing positive COVID-19 cases are shown graphically. cache = ./cache/cord-290952-tbsccwgx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290952-tbsccwgx.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318390-uuz37610 author = Saleem, Tayyaba title = COVID-19 containment and its unrestrained impact on epilepsy management in resource-limited areas of Pakistan date = 2020-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2926 sentences = 139 flesch = 44 summary = The current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that led to an unprecedented crisis with significant health, social, and economic repercussions presented more serious concerns for those living with some chronic conditions such as epilepsy. The current study, which holds 77% of the respondents from rural areas and 23% from urban settings, showed that partial measures of lockdown taken to stop or slow the spread of COVID-19 resulted in adverse economic and health outcomes in the said population including cancelation of follow-up visits, worsening of seizures, job loss, burden of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) costs, and discontinuation of medicines. The present study was aimed to find out the impact of COVID-19 containment measures on the management strategy of low literate caregivers of patients living in resource-limited areas of Pakistan, one of the active hotspots of the pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-318390-uuz37610.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318390-uuz37610.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268149-narre5e7 author = Aziz, Muhammad Abdul title = Traditional uses of medicinal plants used by Indigenous communities for veterinary practices at Bajaur Agency, Pakistan date = 2018-01-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8419 sentences = 479 flesch = 49 summary = title: Traditional uses of medicinal plants used by Indigenous communities for veterinary practices at Bajaur Agency, Pakistan Most widely used medicinal plants with maximum use reports (URs) were Visnaga daucoides Gaertn., Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Solanum virginianum L., Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal, Glycyrrhiza glabra L., and Curcuma longa L. It has been recognized that plants have the capacity to combat several types of diseases ethnoveterinary medicines, a term generally used for folk skills, beliefs, knowledge, practices, methods related to animals' health, and cure of various ailments in the rural areas [1] . Indigenous people of the study area are rich in traditional knowledge on veterinary medicines, which may be due to their close observation on domestic animals being considered as an important part of traditional lifestyle. Medicinal plants with high URs strengthen the concept that such species are more significant to the local population and useful in sharing the traditional knowledge with one another in the area. cache = ./cache/cord-268149-narre5e7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268149-narre5e7.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292293-tko186lh author = Javed, W. title = Sero-prevalence findings from metropoles in Pakistan: implications for assessing COVID-19 prevalence and case-fatality within a dense, urban working population date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1545 sentences = 66 flesch = 51 summary = These findings have been extrapolated to the rest of the urban, adult, working population of Pakistan, and as of 6th July, 2020, 4.11 million people in Pakistan have been infected with COVID-19, which is 17.7 times higher than the current number of 231,818 symptom-based PCR cases reported by the government which exclude asymptomatic cases. 2 Although literature indicates that asymptomatic infections within a population may be many folds higher than the number of PCR reported cases, 3, 4 large-scale, sero-prevalence studies within low-risk populations have not yet been conducted in Pakistan. Getz Pharma conducted a 100% census sero-prevalence study on a sample of 24,210 individuals using the IgG/IgM Test Kit (Colloidal gold) with follow-up and sequential testing after every 15-20 days. This is the first of its kind, large scale census conducted on the general, urban population of Pakistan, which indicates the total number of COVID-19 positive cases is 17.7 times higher than symptom-based PCR reported figures. cache = ./cache/cord-292293-tko186lh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292293-tko186lh.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315059-l6guql8q author = Mubarak, Naeem title = Corona and Clergy: The missing link for an effective social distancing in Pakistan. Time for some unpopular decisions date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 475 sentences = 44 flesch = 73 summary = title: Corona and Clergy: The missing link for an effective social distancing in Pakistan. To begin with, more than half of the COVID-19 cases in Malaysia received virus 11 in a congregation of 16000 believers from 30 countries. Pakistan's case is of concern due to a fragile healthcare system, poor hygiene practices, 20 limited access to healthcare, and steep rise in the number of local cases in a population bigger 21 than Italy and Iran combined. Evidence supports the substantial impact of social distancing as 22 a viable practice to contain the spread of the virus. In Pakistan, the practice of social distancing 24 Email: naeem.mubarak@lmdc.edu.pk Tel: 00-92-42-37392215 Muslim world, and cancelled Umrah (pilgrimage). for Pakistan to implement social distancing in the holy month of Ramadan (26 th April) when 46 influx in mosques increases many-fold for daily prayers and Tarawih (an additional prayer in 47 Email: naeem.mubarak@lmdc.edu.pk Tel: 00-92-42-37392215 79 80 COVID-19: Pakistan to allow mosques prayers in 70 cache = ./cache/cord-315059-l6guql8q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315059-l6guql8q.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278145-3tfcxbfz author = Ahmed, Sibtain title = Challenges amid COVID-19 times - Review of the changing practices in a clinical chemistry laboratory from a developing country date = 2020-06-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4209 sentences = 205 flesch = 47 summary = title: Challenges amid COVID-19 times Review of the changing practices in a clinical chemistry laboratory from a developing country To ensure such continuity of services, the aim of this review is to highlight the challenges faced by a Clinical https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2020.06.004 Received 6 May 2020; Received in revised form 1 June 2020; Accepted 1 June 2020 Chemistry laboratory in a developing country amid the COVID-19 crisis, the challenges, implementing changes and the lessons learnt. â�¢ Post pandemic world with the anticipated overwhelming financial crisis, will require major resource allocation decisions for inventory management and prioritizing needs for new developments and projects. With the current state of local spread in the country and amid the high chances of contracting COVID-19, it is inevitable that the clinical laboratories take drastic measures and succumb to acceptable alternate plans for ensuring the safety and interests of its valuable employs alongside continuousness of provision of diagnostic services for better health outcomes, in times of the pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-278145-3tfcxbfz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278145-3tfcxbfz.txt ===== Reducing email addresses cord-318390-uuz37610 cord-315059-l6guql8q Creating transaction Updating adr table ===== Reducing keywords cord-005129-2e6b5tm2 cord-117800-jzokod4q cord-017731-xzfo5jjq cord-025667-ta7n2u31 cord-221652-rsxw0q0e cord-256676-b7p92sb1 cord-265996-97xxpe8m cord-279405-1d6gznls cord-258126-8ityzjjh cord-260583-n20y2zep cord-255376-nqq5ieyg cord-265575-gcaj3p0f cord-258879-dueab356 cord-030959-olcz7g19 cord-280050-fktc778q cord-307697-ds4uw7y1 cord-303102-ap1dzbp9 cord-275897-j9cwlzxu cord-291615-5440k4ax cord-267791-v10eh408 cord-337155-e4gn4fo1 cord-285223-07o9irev cord-296363-qgoxlqoq cord-034495-gvtv8o96 cord-305146-iprzeigk cord-302842-idbmh1uo cord-318390-uuz37610 cord-302497-5tydrrz1 cord-290952-tbsccwgx cord-348521-ai7d634u cord-318240-wxtktbfa cord-275445-d3i12m3l cord-268149-narre5e7 cord-292293-tko186lh cord-279395-qfb06csa cord-308556-xi2un0kc cord-311085-jmuyi53x cord-315059-l6guql8q cord-310293-0s7l0l4k cord-270898-7ap8lcxm cord-278145-3tfcxbfz Creating transaction Updating wrd table ===== Reducing urls cord-005129-2e6b5tm2 cord-017731-xzfo5jjq cord-117800-jzokod4q cord-256676-b7p92sb1 cord-258879-dueab356 cord-255376-nqq5ieyg cord-265575-gcaj3p0f cord-285223-07o9irev cord-279395-qfb06csa cord-308556-xi2un0kc cord-278145-3tfcxbfz Creating transaction Updating url table ===== Reducing named entities cord-005129-2e6b5tm2 cord-117800-jzokod4q cord-025667-ta7n2u31 cord-221652-rsxw0q0e cord-256676-b7p92sb1 cord-265996-97xxpe8m cord-017731-xzfo5jjq cord-279405-1d6gznls cord-258126-8ityzjjh cord-255376-nqq5ieyg cord-265575-gcaj3p0f cord-260583-n20y2zep cord-030959-olcz7g19 cord-280050-fktc778q cord-258879-dueab356 cord-307697-ds4uw7y1 cord-303102-ap1dzbp9 cord-275897-j9cwlzxu cord-291615-5440k4ax cord-267791-v10eh408 cord-337155-e4gn4fo1 cord-305146-iprzeigk cord-285223-07o9irev cord-296363-qgoxlqoq cord-034495-gvtv8o96 cord-302842-idbmh1uo cord-318390-uuz37610 cord-290952-tbsccwgx cord-348521-ai7d634u cord-318240-wxtktbfa cord-302497-5tydrrz1 cord-275445-d3i12m3l cord-268149-narre5e7 cord-279395-qfb06csa cord-292293-tko186lh cord-308556-xi2un0kc cord-311085-jmuyi53x cord-315059-l6guql8q cord-310293-0s7l0l4k cord-270898-7ap8lcxm cord-278145-3tfcxbfz Creating transaction Updating ent table ===== Reducing parts of speech cord-005129-2e6b5tm2 cord-025667-ta7n2u31 cord-221652-rsxw0q0e cord-117800-jzokod4q cord-256676-b7p92sb1 cord-265996-97xxpe8m cord-279405-1d6gznls cord-258126-8ityzjjh cord-260583-n20y2zep cord-265575-gcaj3p0f cord-258879-dueab356 cord-280050-fktc778q cord-291615-5440k4ax cord-255376-nqq5ieyg cord-275897-j9cwlzxu cord-307697-ds4uw7y1 cord-030959-olcz7g19 cord-296363-qgoxlqoq cord-034495-gvtv8o96 cord-267791-v10eh408 cord-318390-uuz37610 cord-303102-ap1dzbp9 cord-302842-idbmh1uo cord-285223-07o9irev cord-305146-iprzeigk cord-302497-5tydrrz1 cord-348521-ai7d634u cord-318240-wxtktbfa cord-279395-qfb06csa cord-337155-e4gn4fo1 cord-311085-jmuyi53x cord-275445-d3i12m3l cord-292293-tko186lh cord-310293-0s7l0l4k cord-315059-l6guql8q cord-290952-tbsccwgx cord-270898-7ap8lcxm cord-308556-xi2un0kc cord-278145-3tfcxbfz cord-268149-narre5e7 cord-017731-xzfo5jjq Creating transaction Updating pos table Building ./etc/reader.txt cord-303102-ap1dzbp9 cord-255376-nqq5ieyg cord-307697-ds4uw7y1 cord-337155-e4gn4fo1 cord-303102-ap1dzbp9 cord-348521-ai7d634u number of items: 41 sum of words: 86,376 average size in words: 5,758 average readability score: 52 nouns: cases; study; food; health; pandemic; countries; disease; healthcare; patients; outbreak; care; energy; infection; lockdown; country; control; use; number; risk; data; model; population; people; workers; measures; virus; time; studies; government; knowledge; impact; rate; authors; analysis; practices; transmission; women; safety; results; performance; coronavirus; consumption; structure; sector; capital; factors; symptoms; services; case; masks verbs: used; reported; including; showed; done; taken; made; given; increasing; followed; found; based; developing; provide; considered; conducted; confirmed; working; tested; needed; caused; reducing; observed; associated; infected; affecting; leads; represents; established; related; indicate; regarded; according; spread; presented; seen; compared; facing; examined; prevent; implement; require; ensure; covid-19; known; improving; declare; published; identify; remaining adjectives: covid-19; public; high; economic; social; positive; respiratory; total; many; pakistani; significant; different; new; local; first; financial; critical; clinical; low; various; medical; severe; higher; available; traditional; current; non; infectious; effective; global; foodborne; negative; recent; psychological; average; major; important; general; due; medicinal; large; acute; several; possible; protective; mental; infected; ethnoveterinary; human; basic adverbs: also; however; well; therefore; even; moreover; especially; respectively; significantly; furthermore; currently; almost; highly; already; generally; still; particularly; now; initially; commonly; recently; often; just; mainly; far; similarly; approximately; always; later; first; back; likely; hence; yet; directly; previously; mostly; worldwide; orally; much; less; widely; specifically; rather; importantly; globally; finally; comparatively; relatively; overall pronouns: it; their; we; they; its; our; her; them; she; i; he; themselves; us; his; you; your; herself; my; him; one; me; itself; ourselves; u; ours; iϵ; himself; hers proper nouns: Pakistan; COVID-19; PPE; China; Health; SARS; Punjab; US; March; Iran; Egypt; World; Coronavirus; Karachi; Economic; CPEC; Food; SEZs; Table; Sindh; East; Organization; April; May; February; Salmonella; Wuhan; Turkey; India; CoV-2; sha; Ministry; Lahore; Arabia; United; National; Middle; Saudi; Lebanon; Ebola; USA; Islamabad; Khan; L.; Disease; A; September; ROE; ICU; CoV keywords: pakistan; covid-19; ppe; infection; china; case; woman; turkey; study; staff; special; september; sars; salmonella; roe; qatar; punjab; psychological; plant; pharmacy; performance; outbreak; nisa; muslim; model; ministry; middle; medicinal; lockdown; lebanon; laboratory; iraq; indigenous; icu; h9n2; food; ethnoveterinary; epilepsy; energy; egyptian; egypt; economic; east; doctor; cpec; covid; country; consumption; chinese; care one topic; one dimension: covid file(s): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7088531/ titles(s): Prospective study of avian influenza H9 infection in commercial poultry farms of Punjab Province and Islamabad Capital Territory, Pakistan three topics; one dimension: covid; pakistan; food file(s): https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0960077920304720, https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S240584402031584X, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7122377/ titles(s): Modeling the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on the dynamics of novel coronavirus with optimal control analysis with a case study | The nexus between capital structure, firm-specific factors, macroeconomic factors and financial performance in the textile sector of Pakistan | Foodborne Disease in the Middle East five topics; three dimensions: covid pakistan health; food safety health; covid pakistan capital; women pakistan cases; pakistan economic sezs file(s): https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0960077920304720, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7122377/, https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S240584402031584X, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12457, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7453185/ titles(s): Modeling the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on the dynamics of novel coronavirus with optimal control analysis with a case study | Foodborne Disease in the Middle East | The nexus between capital structure, firm-specific factors, macroeconomic factors and financial performance in the textile sector of Pakistan | COVID‐19: A threat to educated Muslim women's negotiated identity in Pakistan | China–Pakistan Economic Cooperation: The Case of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) Type: cord title: keyword-pakistan-cord date: 2021-05-25 time: 15:45 username: emorgan patron: Eric Morgan email: emorgan@nd.edu input: keywords:pakistan ==== make-pages.sh htm files ==== make-pages.sh complex files ==== make-pages.sh named enities ==== making bibliographics id: cord-307697-ds4uw7y1 author: Ahmed, Jawad title: Availability of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Among US and Pakistani Doctors in COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-10 words: 4562.0 sentences: 216.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307697-ds4uw7y1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307697-ds4uw7y1.txt summary: Whereas, doctors in Pakistan reported to have poor availability of PPE with only 37.4% having access to masks/N95 respirator, 34.5% to gloves, 13.8% to face-shields or goggles, and 12.9% to full-suit/gown. Whereas, doctors in Pakistan reported to have poor availability of PPE with only 37.4% having access to masks/N95 respirator, 34.5% to gloves, 13.8% to face-shields or goggles, and 12.9% to full-suit/gown. In contrast, doctors in Pakistan reported to have poor availability of PPE with only 37.4% (n = 130) having access to masks/N95 respirator, 34.5% (n = 120) to gloves, 13.8% (n = 48) to face-shields or goggles, and 12.9% (n = 44) to full-suit/gown. In our study, 73% of doctors from Pakistan and 58.4% from the US reported that HCWs in their hospitals had been infected with COVID-19. To conclude, there is a shortage of PPE in hospitals of the US and Pakistan due to COVID-19 and doctors are feeling scared working without adequate protection in the pandemic situation. abstract: Background The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has put an excessive strain on healthcare systems across the globe, causing a shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE). PPE is a precious commodity for health personnel to protect them against infections. We investigated the availability of PPE among doctors in the United States (US) and Pakistan. Methods A cross-sectional study, including doctors from the US and Pakistan, was carried out from April 8 to May 5, 2020. An online self-administered questionnaire was distributed to doctors working in hospitals in the US and Pakistan after a small pilot study. All analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results After informed consent, 574 doctors (60.6% from Pakistan and 39.4% from the US) were included in the analysis. The majority of the participants were females (53.3%), and the mean age of the participants was 35.3 ± 10.3 years. Most doctors (47.7%) were from medicine and allied fields. Among the participants, 87.6% of doctors from the US reported having access to masks/N95 respirators, 79.6% to gloves, 77.9% to face-shields or goggles, and 50.4% to full-suit/gown. Whereas, doctors in Pakistan reported to have poor availability of PPE with only 37.4% having access to masks/N95 respirator, 34.5% to gloves, 13.8% to face-shields or goggles, and 12.9% to full-suit/gown. The reuse of PPE was reported by 80.5% and 60.3% physicians from the US and Pakistan, respectively. More doctors from Pakistan (50.6%) reported that they had been forced to work without PPE compared to doctors in the US (7.1%). Conclusion There is a lack of different forms of PPE in the US and Pakistan. Doctors from both countries reported that they had been forced to work without PPE. Compared to the US, more doctors from Pakistan reported having faced discrimination in receiving PPE. url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.8550 doi: 10.7759/cureus.8550 id: cord-278145-3tfcxbfz author: Ahmed, Sibtain title: Challenges amid COVID-19 times - Review of the changing practices in a clinical chemistry laboratory from a developing country date: 2020-06-06 words: 4209.0 sentences: 205.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278145-3tfcxbfz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278145-3tfcxbfz.txt summary: title: Challenges amid COVID-19 times Review of the changing practices in a clinical chemistry laboratory from a developing country To ensure such continuity of services, the aim of this review is to highlight the challenges faced by a Clinical https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2020.06.004 Received 6 May 2020; Received in revised form 1 June 2020; Accepted 1 June 2020 Chemistry laboratory in a developing country amid the COVID-19 crisis, the challenges, implementing changes and the lessons learnt. â�¢ Post pandemic world with the anticipated overwhelming financial crisis, will require major resource allocation decisions for inventory management and prioritizing needs for new developments and projects. With the current state of local spread in the country and amid the high chances of contracting COVID-19, it is inevitable that the clinical laboratories take drastic measures and succumb to acceptable alternate plans for ensuring the safety and interests of its valuable employs alongside continuousness of provision of diagnostic services for better health outcomes, in times of the pandemic. abstract: Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is the defining global health crisis of our time. Compared with its neighbors China and Iran, which were rated as epi-centers of the outbreak, Pakistan has lower standards of health care, unstable economy and dearth of financial resources to tackle the outbreak. Like other institutes and industries in the country, clinical laboratories were succumbed to a variety of challenges. This article is based on the experience and adapted workflow measures from the Clinical Chemistry laboratory at the Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Karachi, which serves as a national referral center with its widespread network of satellite laboratories and phlebotomy centers across the country. It highlights the challenges faced and the appropriate responses to ensure the provision of diagnostic facilities during the COVID-19 outbreak. Furthermore, the lessons acquired and necessary preparations for the post crisis situation are also incorporated. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32551102/ doi: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.06.004 id: cord-348521-ai7d634u author: Atif, Muhammad title: COVID-19 and community pharmacy services in Pakistan: challenges, barriers and solution for progress date: 2020-06-15 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: In the wake of atrocious rise in COVID-19 cases, developed countries are leveraging a range of community pharmacy services with the goal of improving access to essential medication and healthcare services. While in the developing nations, including Pakistan, pharmacists are unable to perform COVID-19 containment roles in community, since presence of pharmacists at community pharmacy settings and delivery of pharmacy services have historically been plagued by shortcomings at various levels. In this document, we identified these shortcomings which need to be resolved on many fronts. Broadly, a number of intertwined government related, public related, academic curricula and pharmacist related, and drug retailers’ related factors refrain community pharmacists from performing and facilitating Pakistan’s fragile public and healthcare system in the midst of COVID-19 pandemic. Government led multifaceted approaches are urgently needed to strengthen this unrecognized domain and thereby effectively combat COVID-19 by utilizing community pharmacy services, as evidenced in the developed world. [Note: Part of this article is published in Pakistan Observer Newspaper; dated 17 May 2020). url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32547769/ doi: 10.1186/s40545-020-00240-4 id: cord-268149-narre5e7 author: Aziz, Muhammad Abdul title: Traditional uses of medicinal plants used by Indigenous communities for veterinary practices at Bajaur Agency, Pakistan date: 2018-01-29 words: 8419.0 sentences: 479.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268149-narre5e7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268149-narre5e7.txt summary: title: Traditional uses of medicinal plants used by Indigenous communities for veterinary practices at Bajaur Agency, Pakistan Most widely used medicinal plants with maximum use reports (URs) were Visnaga daucoides Gaertn., Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Solanum virginianum L., Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal, Glycyrrhiza glabra L., and Curcuma longa L. It has been recognized that plants have the capacity to combat several types of diseases ethnoveterinary medicines, a term generally used for folk skills, beliefs, knowledge, practices, methods related to animals'' health, and cure of various ailments in the rural areas [1] . Indigenous people of the study area are rich in traditional knowledge on veterinary medicines, which may be due to their close observation on domestic animals being considered as an important part of traditional lifestyle. Medicinal plants with high URs strengthen the concept that such species are more significant to the local population and useful in sharing the traditional knowledge with one another in the area. abstract: BACKGROUND: The pastoral lifestyle of Indigenous communities of Bajaur Agency is bringing them close to natural remedies for treating their domestic animals. Several studies have been conducted across the globe describing the importance of traditional knowledge in veterinary care. Therefore, this study was planned with the aim to record knowledge on ethnoveterinary practices from the remote areas and share sit with other communities through published literature. METHODS: Data was gathered from community members through semi-structured interviews and analyzed through informant consensus factor (Fic) to evaluate the consent of current ethnoveterinary practices among the local people. RESULTS: In total, 73 medicinal plants were recorded under the ethnoveterinary practices. Most widely used medicinal plants with maximum use reports (URs) were Visnaga daucoides Gaertn., Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Solanum virginianum L., Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal, Glycyrrhiza glabra L., and Curcuma longa L. New medicinal values were found with confidential level of citations for species including Heracleum candicans and Glycerhiza glabra. Family Apiaceae was the utmost family with high number (7 species) of medicinal plants. Maximum number of medicinal plants (32) was used for gastric problems. High Fic was recorded for dermatological (0.97) followed by reproductive (0.93) and gastrointestinal disorders (0.92). The main route of remedies administration was oral. CONCLUSIONS: Current study revealed that the study area has sufficient knowledge on ethnoveterinary medicinal plants. This knowledge is in the custody of nomadic grazers, herders, and aged community members. Plants with new medicinal uses need to be validated phytochemically and pharmacologically for the development of new alternative drugs for veterinary purposes. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-018-0212-0 doi: 10.1186/s13002-018-0212-0 id: cord-302497-5tydrrz1 author: Bukhari, Nadia title: Pharmacists at the frontline beating the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-20 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: As the lockdowns are being observed all over the globe and the national level pharmacy professionals are performing frontline roles, this editorial highlights the role of pharmacists in the COVID − 19 pandemic. Pharmacists globally are providing services amidst pandemic, including TRIAGE services, seeing patients and reducing the patients’ burden on health care facilities such as hospitals and GP practices. Pharmacists are also working to providing home deliveries, as well as dealing with the increasing number of patients coming through to pharmacies with the other ailments. Pharmacy associations have issued their guidelines and in this editorial, several global examples of pharmacists’ role in the COVID 19 are being discussed. Pakistan is used as a country case study in this editorial. The editorial also elaborates how pharmacists in the UK and Pakistan have teamed up together to compile 10-steps protection guidelines for the pharmacy teams in Pakistan in English and Urdu language. This 10-point guidance educates community pharmacies for safety and standard operation as the number of patients in the country continues to rise. These guidelines are endorsed by the government and private bodies. These can be adopted and adapted by any country; keeping in view their laws and regulations. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40545-020-00210-w doi: 10.1186/s40545-020-00210-w id: cord-279405-1d6gznls author: Butt, Muhammad Hammad title: Dengue Fever and COVID‐19 Co‐Infection; A Threat to Public Health for Co‐epidemic in Pakistan date: 2020-08-27 words: 1075.0 sentences: 75.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279405-1d6gznls.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279405-1d6gznls.txt summary: geographical spread of COVID-19 and more involvement of adults, there have been increasing reports of co-infections with various other infectious diseases. During the on-going pandemic where health authorities are primarily engaged to contain the infection, any other infectious disease outbreak will hinder the manoeuvres combating COVID-19 and will create the diagnostic challenges for healthcare professionals. Recently, National Institute of Health (NIH) in Pakistan issued ''High Alert'' for dengue viral infection (DVI) as monsoon season (July -December) is considered a vulnerable period for dengue spread [2] . Keeping in view the fragile healthcare system and economic turmoil in Pakistan, dengue outbreak will pose serious challenges for which country is not This article is protected by copyright. In Thailand, a patient who presented with petechial rashes was treated as dengue case but declared as co-infected with COVID-19 following advanced clinical diagnosis [6] . Patients presenting to healthcare professionals with fever, rash, headache and respiratory problems must be subjected to DVI and COVID-19 diagnosis. abstract: The rapid expansion of COVID‐19 has caused around 16 million confirmed cases with approximately 0.65 million deaths worldwide. Recently with the geographical spread of COVID‐19 and more involvement of adults, there have been increasing reports of co‐infections with various other infectious diseases. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32852782/ doi: 10.1002/jmv.26464 id: cord-005129-2e6b5tm2 author: Chaudhry, Mamoona title: Prospective study of avian influenza H9 infection in commercial poultry farms of Punjab Province and Islamabad Capital Territory, Pakistan date: 2016-10-20 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: A prospective study was conducted from November 2013 to February 2014 to estimate the spatial clustering; cumulative incidence and risk factors associated with avian influenza (AI) subtype H9 infection on commercial poultry farms of Pakistan. A total of 400 farms were enrolled and followed during the study period. Among these, 109 farms submitted samples suspected for AI to the laboratory, and only 47 farms were confirmed positive by hemagglutinin inhibition (HI) test. Data was collected from these 109 farms about their demography, management, and biosecurity practices. The cumulative incidence of H9N2 was 11.75 % (95 % confidence interval (CI) 8.76–15.23). The highest number of cases (40.42 %) was reported in January. One most likely cluster (p = 0.009, radius = 4.61 km) occurred in the Kasur district. Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that the presence of wild birds on the farms (odds ratio (OR) = 16.18; 95 % CI 3.94–66.45) was independently associated with H9N2 infection. Cleaning of cages before delivery on farm (OR = 0.16; 95 % CI = 0.06–0.47), presence of a footbath at the entrance of farm (OR = 0.24; 95 % CI 0.08–0.79), and changing of gloves (OR = 0.33; 95 % CI 0.11–0.99) were protective factors against H9N2 infection. Reducing the exposure to risk factors and adapting biosecurity measures may reduce the risk of AI H9N2 infection on commercial poultry farms in Pakistan. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7088531/ doi: 10.1007/s11250-016-1159-6 id: cord-267791-v10eh408 author: Chughtai, Abrar Ahmad title: Use of personal protective equipment to protect against respiratory infections in Pakistan: A systematic review date: 2019-02-07 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Like other low-income countries, limited data are available on the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) in Pakistan. We conducted a systematic review of studies on PPE use for respiratory infections in healthcare settings in Pakistan. MEDLINE, Embase and Goggle Scholar were searched for clinical, epidemiological and laboratory-based studies in English, and 13 studies were included; all were observational/cross-sectional studies. The studies examined PPE use in hospital (n = 7), dental (n = 4) or laboratory (n = 2) settings. Policies and practices on PPE use were inconsistent. Face masks and gloves were the most commonly used PPE to protect from respiratory and other infections. PPE was not available in many facilities and its use was limited to high-risk situations. Compliance with PPE use was low among healthcare workers, and reuse of PPE was reported. Clear policies on the use of PPE and available PPE are needed to avoid inappropriate practices that could result in the spread of infection. Large, multimethod studies are recommended on PPE use to inform national infection-control guidelines. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1876034119300668 doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2019.01.064 id: cord-305146-iprzeigk author: Chughtai, Abrar Ahmad title: Use of personal protective equipment to protect against respiratory infections in Pakistan: A systematic review date: 2020-03-04 words: 4245.0 sentences: 242.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305146-iprzeigk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305146-iprzeigk.txt summary: We conducted a systematic review of studies on PPE use for respiratory infections in healthcare settings in Pakistan. Face masks (or medical masks) and respirators are the most commonly used PPE to protect from influenza and other respiratory infection in healthcare settings. The aim of this study was to examine the use of PPE for respiratory infections in healthcare settings in Pakistan. Studies where PPE was examined for general infection control were also included, given respiratory protective equipment (face masks and/or respirators) was mentioned. Two studies examined the guidelines and current practices on the use of face masks/respirators for influenza, tuberculosis and SARS in Pakistan [21, 22] . Medical masks were generally used to protect from influenza, tuberculosis and other respiratory infections, while the use of respirators was limited to high-risk situations [21, 22] . abstract: Like other low-income countries, limited data are available on the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) in Pakistan. We conducted a systematic review of studies on PPE use for respiratory infections in healthcare settings in Pakistan. MEDLINE, Embase and Goggle Scholar were searched for clinical, epidemiological and laboratory-based studies in English, and 13 studies were included; all were observational/cross-sectional studies. The studies examined PPE use in hospital (n = 7), dental (n = 4) or laboratory (n = 2) settings. Policies and practices on PPE use were inconsistent. Face masks and gloves were the most commonly used PPE to protect from respiratory and other infections. PPE was not available in many facilities and its use was limited to high-risk situations. Compliance with PPE use was low among healthcare workers, and reuse of PPE was reported. Clear policies on the use of PPE and available PPE are needed to avoid inappropriate practices that could result in the spread of infection. Large, multimethod studies are recommended on PPE use to inform national infection-control guidelines. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2020.02.032 doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.02.032 id: cord-265996-97xxpe8m author: Din, M. title: Delays in polio vaccination programs due to COVID-19 in Pakistan: a major threat to Pakistan's long war against polio virus date: 2020-10-13 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2020.09.004 doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.09.004 id: cord-221652-rsxw0q0e author: Farooq, Fizza title: Effect of Lockdown on the spread of COVID-19 in Pakistan date: 2020-05-18 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: A novel coronavirus originated from Wuhan, China in late December 2019 has now affected almost all countries worldwide. Pakistan reported its first case in late February. The country went to lockdown after three weeks since the first case, when the total number of cases were over 880. Pakistan imposed a lockdown for more than a month which slowed the spread of COVID 19 effectively, however in late April relaxation in lockdown was allowed by the government in stages to lift the strain on the economy. In this study, the data has been analyzed from daily situation reports by the National Institute of Health Pakistan and the effects of initial strict lockdown and later smart lockdown have been studied. Our analysis showed a 13.14 Percentage increase in cases before lockdown which drops down to 6.55 percent during the lockdown. It proved the effectiveness of lockdown. However, the Percentage Increase in case grows up to 7.24 during a smart lockdown. If it continues to rise in this manner, Pakistan may need to enter again into a strict second lockdown. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.09422v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-260583-n20y2zep author: Haqqi, Aleena title: COVID‐19 and Salmonella Typhi co‐epidemics in Pakistan: A real problem date: 2020-07-15 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Recent articles have pointed the impact of co-epidemics/co-infections of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases on an already overburdened healthcare infrastructure 1, 2 . With the present toll of COVID-19 cases reaching beyond 10,922,324 infected cases and claiming 523,011 lives 3 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32648942/ doi: 10.1002/jmv.26293 id: cord-275897-j9cwlzxu author: Hashmi, Ali M. title: New Horizons: COVID-19 and the Burden of Neuropsychiatric Illness in Pakistan date: 2020-05-17 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: This manuscript reviews the current state of knowledge about the burden of mental illness and assesses the impact of COVID-19 illness on mental health in Pakistan. For this we analyzed secondary data obtained from the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study draws from a wide range of data sources to quantify global and regional effects of a disease. We also did a literature search on the effects of COVID-19 illness on mental health and the psychosocial effects of COVID-19 and other Corona virus related illnesses such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Data from the studies obtained was utilized to extrapolate the anticipated effects of COVID-19 illness on healthcare workers, COVID-19 patients and the general public in Pakistan. Mental illness poses a significant challenge to Pakistan’s under resourced health care system. COVID-19 has the potential to strain Pakistan’s healthcare system to the breaking point. So far, the general morbidity from COVID-19 illness in Pakistan has been low compared to other countries but this could change in the coming weeks and months. Hidden within this crisis are also some opportunities for both healthcare and education. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32582322/ doi: 10.12669/pjms.36.covid19-s4.2792 id: cord-275445-d3i12m3l author: Hashmi, Madiha title: A national survey of critical care services in hospitals accredited for training in a lower-middle income country: Pakistan date: 2020-08-21 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the extent and variation of critical care services in Pakistan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in all intensive care units (ICUs) recognised for postgraduate training to determine administration, infrastructure, equipment, staffing, and training. RESULTS: There were 151 hospitals recognised for training, providing 2166 ICU beds and 1473 ventilators. Regional distribution of ICU beds per 100,000 population ranged from 1.0 in Sindh to none in Gilgit Baltistan (median 0.7). A senior clinician trained in critical care was available in 19 (12.1%) of units. One to one nurse to bed ratio during the day was available in 84 (53.5%) of units, dropping to 75 (47.8%) at night. Availability of 1:1 nursing also varied between provinces, ranging from 56.5% in Punjab compared to 0% in Azad Jamu Kashmir. Similarly there was disparity in availability of ventilators between provinces. All ICUs had basic infrastructure (electricity, running water, piped oxygen) and basic equipment (electronic monitoring and infusion pumps). CONCLUSION: Pakistan, a lower middle-income country, has an established network of critical care facilities with access to basic equipment, but inequalities in its distribution. Investment in critical care training for doctors and nurses is needed. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0883944120306638?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.08.017 id: cord-030959-olcz7g19 author: Hussain, Ejaz title: China–Pakistan Economic Cooperation: The Case of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) date: 2020-08-28 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: This article attempts to underscore the extraordinary significance of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in the industrialization and economic growth of Pakistan as well as the development and consolidation of China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC)—which is a core component of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Though Pakistan has previously experimented with SEZs, its scale, outreach and impact on the country’s economy and society remained very limited. Thus, the proposed SEZs under the CPEC offer new opportunities for mutual economic cooperation, investment, human resource development, sustained industrialization and, above all, the consolidation of CPEC. Nevertheless, there are several challenges ranging from structural issues to security problems that the proposed SEZs, in particular, and CPEC, in general, face. The article, thus, provides a comprehensive set of strategies to convert challenges into capabilities. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7453185/ doi: 10.1007/s40647-020-00292-5 id: cord-034495-gvtv8o96 author: Hussain, Kashif title: Pharmacy services during COVID-19 pandemic: experience from a tertiary care teaching hospital in Pakistan date: 2020-11-02 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is rapidly spreading across the world. Pharmacy services play a vital role in public health in preventing and containing the COVID-19 pandemic. All over the world, especially in the developed countries pharmacists have responded smartly and speedily for public health, such as establishing professional protective and service guidance for pharmacy staff and services, creating and updating drug formularies, addressing the issues of drug shortages, providing public education for prevention and management of infection, contributing in drug evaluation and clinical trials. In this commentary, we review the exclusive demands from pharmacy services in Pakistan during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and sharing the responses of our hospital pharmacy to these demands and needs with the international pharmacy community, especially of the low and middle-income countries like Pakistan. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7604651/ doi: 10.1186/s40545-020-00277-5 id: cord-258879-dueab356 author: Imran, Nazish title: Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on postgraduate trainees: a cross-sectional survey date: 2020-08-25 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to evaluate psychological impact of COVID-19 outbreak on postgraduate trainees in Pakistan by quantifying the symptoms of depression, anxiety and acute stress disorder and by analysing potential risk factors associated with these symptoms. METHODS: Following Institutional Review Board approval, a cross-sectional study was conducted among 10,178 postgraduate trainees following COVID-19 outbreak through e-log system of College of Physicians and Surgeons of Pakistan. The nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire, seven-item Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale and Stanford Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire were used to collect data. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS.26. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test, the χ(2) test and logistic regression analysis were performed. The significance level was set at α=0.05. RESULTS: The prevalence of depressive symptoms, generalised anxiety disorder and acute stress disorder were 26.4%, 22.6% and 4.4%, respectively. Female postgraduate trainees, senior trainees and front-line workers reported experiencing more anxiety, depression and acute stress symptoms (p value<0.001). Logistic regression showed that being a front-line and senior staff member and female was associated with higher risk of experiencing symptoms of depression, anxiety and acute stress. CONCLUSIONS: Our study findings raise concerns about the psychological well-being of postgraduate trainees during the acute COVID-19 outbreak in Pakistan. It is necessary to employ strategies to minimise the psychological distress and provide adequate psychosocial support for postgraduate trainees during crisis situation such as COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32843485/ doi: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-138364 id: cord-303102-ap1dzbp9 author: Iqbal, Sajid title: It is time to control the worst: testing COVID-19 outbreak, energy consumption and CO(2) emission date: 2020-11-12 words: 7944.0 sentences: 387.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303102-ap1dzbp9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303102-ap1dzbp9.txt summary: While, due to COVID-19 outbreak, several health issues have been raised and such issues are becoming serious days by day, more specifically in frugal economies like Pakistan, this impact is very critical, and now, an economic shock is being perceived; lockdown is being extended continuously; and by the effect of lockdown fuel consumption, CO 2 emission, energy demand and supply declined and market mechanism is altered very speedily. By the fact, the COVID-19 outbreak affected the energy sector of the world as a whole, and eventually, the demand graph of oil supplies have become bearish; oil market prices faced a decline; and big economies like the USA are bidding the oil-free of cost (Malamud and Núñez 2020) . We contributed in literature by presenting a novel study on the COVID-19 effect on carbon emission and energy consumption in modern time when the world is finding the solution for each and every sector and each and every aspect to make it sustainable. abstract: During the COVID-19 outbreak, managing energy consumption and CO(2) emission remained a serious problem. The previous literature rarely solved this real-time issue, and there is a lack of public research proposing an effective way forward on it. However, the study examines the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on energy consumption and CO(2) emission. The design of the study is quantitative, and the data is acquired from different online databases. The model of the study is inferred by using panel unit root test and ARDL test. The robustness of study findings was checked through panel quantile regression. The findings highlighted that the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively significant with energy consumption and CO(2) emission. The study suggested revising the energy consumption patterns by developing and implementing the national action plan for energy consumption and environmental protection. The study also contributed in knowledge by suggesting the novel insight into CO(2) emission and energy consumption patterns during COVID-19 pandemic and recommended to consider renewable energy transition methods as an opportunity for the society. For a more effective management of energy consumption and environmental pollution, country-specific measures are suggested to be taken, and the national government should support the concerned public departments, ministries and private organizations on it. To the best of our study, this is one of the pioneer studies studying this novel link and suggesting the way forward on recent topicality. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33184786/ doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-11462-z id: cord-270898-7ap8lcxm author: Javed, Bilal title: Is Pakistan's Response to Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Adequate to Prevent an Outbreak? date: 2020-04-21 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32373620/ doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00158 id: cord-292293-tko186lh author: Javed, W. title: Sero-prevalence findings from metropoles in Pakistan: implications for assessing COVID-19 prevalence and case-fatality within a dense, urban working population date: 2020-08-14 words: 1545.0 sentences: 66.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292293-tko186lh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292293-tko186lh.txt summary: These findings have been extrapolated to the rest of the urban, adult, working population of Pakistan, and as of 6th July, 2020, 4.11 million people in Pakistan have been infected with COVID-19, which is 17.7 times higher than the current number of 231,818 symptom-based PCR cases reported by the government which exclude asymptomatic cases. 2 Although literature indicates that asymptomatic infections within a population may be many folds higher than the number of PCR reported cases, 3, 4 large-scale, sero-prevalence studies within low-risk populations have not yet been conducted in Pakistan. Getz Pharma conducted a 100% census sero-prevalence study on a sample of 24,210 individuals using the IgG/IgM Test Kit (Colloidal gold) with follow-up and sequential testing after every 15-20 days. This is the first of its kind, large scale census conducted on the general, urban population of Pakistan, which indicates the total number of COVID-19 positive cases is 17.7 times higher than symptom-based PCR reported figures. abstract: Population-level serologic testing has demonstrated groundbreaking results in monitoring the prevalence and case-fatality of COVID-19 within a population. In Pakistan, Getz Pharma conducted a sero-prevalence survey on a sample of 24,210 individuals using the IgG/IgM Test Kit (Colloidal gold) with follow-up and sequential testing after every 15-20 days on a sub-sample. This is the first of its kind, large scale census conducted on a dense, urban, working population in Pakistan. The study results reveal that from 24,210 individuals screened, 17.5% tested positive, with 7% IgM positive, 6.0% IgG positive and 4.5% combined IgM and IgG positive. These findings have been extrapolated to the rest of the urban, adult, working population of Pakistan, and as of 6th July, 2020, 4.11 million people in Pakistan have been infected with COVID-19, which is 17.7 times higher than the current number of 231,818 symptom-based PCR cases reported by the government which exclude asymptomatic cases. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.13.20173914v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.13.20173914 id: cord-025667-ta7n2u31 author: Jawaid, Shaukat Ali title: Medical Journal Publishing: Continued struggle is essential to Achieve and maintain standards date: 2020 words: 1642.0 sentences: 99.0 pages: flesch: 65.0 cache: ./cache/cord-025667-ta7n2u31.txt txt: ./txt/cord-025667-ta7n2u31.txt summary: Over the years the number of submissions from China, Iran has drastically reduced simply because we are more careful, selected only good quality manuscripts besides encouraging the authors to publish their manuscripts in their local journals. A further analysis of submission from Pakistan revealed that maximum number of manuscripts was submitted from Karachi followed by Lahore, Peshawar and Rawalpindi despite the fact that a large number of medical journals are also published from these cities but it is also a fact that more research work is also undertaken in these cities for various reasons. Since the objective of the Journal and its Editorial team is not just to accept, reject and publish papers but also teach and train the authors, Editorial team of Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences has been actively participating in organizing as well as facilitating workshop on Scientific Writing, Peer Review and training courses on Journal publishing not only in Pakistan but in the EMRO region as well. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7260890/ doi: 10.12669/pjms.36.4.2685 id: cord-279395-qfb06csa author: Khan, Samea title: Is Pakistan prepared for the COVID‐19 epidemic? A questionnaire‐based survey date: 2020-04-10 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: COVID‐19 is a pandemic that began in China in December 2019. World health organization (WHO) has expressed fears that Pakistan might emerge as the next epicenter of this pandemic. We hypothesize that at present the Pakistani masses are not prepared to face any threat of a looming epidemic. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the basic knowledge of educational and health care workers (HCWs) regarding COVID‐19, its control, and prevention. Knowledge about origin, symptoms, and spread of viral infection was assessed. In this cross‐sectional survey, a self‐designed questionnaire was distributed among 302 HCWs including physicians (10.9%), nurses (1.32%), lab staff (1.65%), and academic individuals including faculty and students (86.42%) of different organizations. Results were analyzed using the χ (2) test. Obtained results validate our null hypothesis that Pakistani masses are not well aware of the COVID‐19 and strategies for the prevention and control of infection. The study concluded that individuals belonging to the front‐line workers and high literacy groups are not prepared for the alarming situation in the country. Effectual implementation of infection control programs should be practiced, and it depends on awareness, training, and cooperation of individuals. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25814 doi: 10.1002/jmv.25814 id: cord-296363-qgoxlqoq author: Khan, Yusra Habib title: Threat of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Pakistan: The Need for Measures to Neutralize Misleading Narratives date: 2020-06-22 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Immediately after declaring COVID-19 as a pandemic, numerous wild conspiracy theories sprouted through social media. Pakistan is quite vulnerable to such conspiracy narratives and has experienced failures of polio vaccination programs because of such claims. Recently, two well-known political figures raised conspiracy theories against COVID-19 vaccines in Pakistan, stating that COVID-19 is a grand illusion and a conspiracy against Muslim countries. This theory is much discussed in the local community, supporting COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. We urge healthcare authorities in Pakistan to take necessary measures against such claims before they penetrate to the general community. Anti-vaccine movements could undermine efforts to end the COVID-19 pandemic. We believe that ethical and responsible behavior of mass media, a careful advisory from the Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority, stern measures from healthcare authorities, effective maneuvers to increase public awareness on COVID-19, vigorous analysis of information by data or communications scientists, and publication of counter opinions from health professionals against such theories will go a long way in neutralizing such misleading claims. Because Pakistan is experiencing a large burden of disease, with a sharp rise in confirmed cases, immediate action is of paramount importance to eradicate any potential barriers to a future COVID-19 vaccination program. url: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0654 doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0654 id: cord-285223-07o9irev author: Malik, Usman Rashid title: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Healthcare Professionals on COVID-19 and Risk Assessment to Prevent the Epidemic Spread: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study from Punjab, Pakistan date: 2020-09-02 words: 4795.0 sentences: 237.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285223-07o9irev.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285223-07o9irev.txt summary: title: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Healthcare Professionals on COVID-19 and Risk Assessment to Prevent the Epidemic Spread: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study from Punjab, Pakistan A 39-itemed questionnaire based on the World Health Organization (WHO)COVID-19 risk assessment tool was shared with healthcare professionals in three purposively selected key divisions of Punjab province. Avoiding cross-infection from patients along with effective care delivery can be achieved if the healthcare professionals, including physicians, pharmacists, nurses, and other medical staff, have sufficient knowledge, a positive attitude, and better practices about COVID-19. A recent study reported the deficiencies in the awareness and preparedness of medical professionals regarding COVID-19 in Pakistan and demonstrated that frontline health workers were not well-prepared to prevent and control the infection [14] . A cross-sectional study to examine the knowledge, attitude, practices, and risk assessment of HCPs regarding coronavirus and its associated disease (COVID-19) was conducted. abstract: In the current outbreak of novel coronavirus (COVID-19), healthcare professionals (HCPs) have a primary role in combating the epidemic threat. HCPs are at high risk of not only contracting the infection but also spreading it unknowingly. It is of utmost importance to evaluate their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) and the ability to assess the risks associated with the outbreak. A cross-sectional online survey involving physicians, pharmacists, and nurses was conducted. A 39-itemed questionnaire based on the World Health Organization (WHO)COVID-19 risk assessment tool was shared with healthcare professionals in three purposively selected key divisions of Punjab province. Out of 500 healthcare professionals, 385 responded to the survey. The majority (70%) were aged 22–29 years; 144 (37.4%) physicians, 113 (29.4%) nurses, and 128 (33.2%) pharmacists completed the survey. Overall, 94.8% of healthcare professionals scored adequately (>14) for COVID-19-related knowledge; 97.9% displayed an optimistic attitude (>42) and 94.5% had an adequate practice score (>28). Kruskal–Wallis and Jonckheere–Terpstra tests showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in KAP and risk assessment scores among groups; physicians and nurses scored higher as compared to pharmacists. Further research and follow-up investigations on disaster management and risk assessment can help policy-makers better tackle future epidemics. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32887410/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17176395 id: cord-258126-8ityzjjh author: Mamun, Mohammed A. title: COVID-19 suicides in Pakistan, dying off not COVID-19 fear but poverty? – The forthcoming economic challenges for a developing country date: 2020-05-11 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: • Suicide increment during and afterwards a pandemic is highly common. • This study reports COVID-19 suicide cases in Pakistan for the first time. • Most of the suicides occur due to lockdown-related economic recession. • Fear of infection is the second suicide contributing factor. • Lockdown-related unemployment aggravates the life-threatening situation. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0889159120308618 doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.028 id: cord-315059-l6guql8q author: Mubarak, Naeem title: Corona and Clergy: The missing link for an effective social distancing in Pakistan. Time for some unpopular decisions date: 2020-04-30 words: 475.0 sentences: 44.0 pages: flesch: 73.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315059-l6guql8q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315059-l6guql8q.txt summary: title: Corona and Clergy: The missing link for an effective social distancing in Pakistan. To begin with, more than half of the COVID-19 cases in Malaysia received virus 11 in a congregation of 16000 believers from 30 countries. Pakistan''s case is of concern due to a fragile healthcare system, poor hygiene practices, 20 limited access to healthcare, and steep rise in the number of local cases in a population bigger 21 than Italy and Iran combined. Evidence supports the substantial impact of social distancing as 22 a viable practice to contain the spread of the virus. In Pakistan, the practice of social distancing 24 Email: naeem.mubarak@lmdc.edu.pk Tel: 00-92-42-37392215 Muslim world, and cancelled Umrah (pilgrimage). for Pakistan to implement social distancing in the holy month of Ramadan (26 th April) when 46 influx in mosques increases many-fold for daily prayers and Tarawih (an additional prayer in 47 Email: naeem.mubarak@lmdc.edu.pk Tel: 00-92-42-37392215 79 80 COVID-19: Pakistan to allow mosques prayers in 70 abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.04.067 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.04.067 id: cord-291615-5440k4ax author: Mukhtar, Sonia title: Preparedness and proactive infection control measures of Pakistan during COVID-19 pandemic outbreak date: 2020-04-11 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32299683/ doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.04.011 id: cord-302842-idbmh1uo author: Raza, Ali title: Association between meteorological indicators and COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan date: 2020-10-14 words: 5066.0 sentences: 336.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302842-idbmh1uo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302842-idbmh1uo.txt summary: This study was designed to investigate the impact of meteorological indicators (temperature, rainfall, and humidity) on total COVID-19 cases in Pakistan, its provinces, and administrative units from March 10, 2020, to August 25, 2020. The contribution of this study is (a) it first time examined the relationship between meteorological indicators and COVID-19 in Pakistan, (b) it first time examined the relationship between meteorological indicators and COVID-19 in four provinces and three administrative units in Pakistan, and (c) it used the generalized models to investigate the impact of average temperature, rainfall, and humidity on COVID-19 cases. A higher correlation coefficient was observed between temperature (minimum, maximum, and Fig. 11 Humidity in provinces and administrative areas Environ Sci Pollut Res average) and COVID-19 cases for all provinces and administrative units (Punjab, Sindh, Baluchistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Islamabad Capital Territory, Gilgit-Baltistan, and Azad Jammu and Kashmir). abstract: This study was designed to investigate the impact of meteorological indicators (temperature, rainfall, and humidity) on total COVID-19 cases in Pakistan, its provinces, and administrative units from March 10, 2020, to August 25, 2020. The correlation analysis showed that COVID-19 cases and temperature showed a positive correlation. It implies that the increase in COVID-19 cases was reported due to an increase in the temperature in Pakistan, its provinces, and administrative units. The generalized Poisson regression showed that the rise in the expected log count of COVID-19 cases was 0.024 times for a 1 °C rise in the average temperature in Pakistan. Second, the correlation between rainfall and COVID-19 cases was negative in Pakistan. However, the regression coefficient between the expected log count of COVID-19 cases and rainfall was insignificant in Pakistan. Third, the correlation between humidity and the total COVID-19 cases was negative, which implies that the increase in humidity is beneficial to stop the transmission of COVID-19 in Pakistan, its provinces, and administrative units. The reduction in the expected log count of COVID-19 cases was 0.008 times for a 1% increase in the humidity per day in Pakistan. However, humidity and COVID-19 cases were positively correlated in Sindh province. It is required to create awareness among the general population, and the government should include the causes, symptoms, and precautions in the educational syllabus. Moreover, people should adopt the habit of hand wash, social distancing, personal hygiene, mask-wearing, and the use of hand sanitizers to control the COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33052566/ doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-11203-2 id: cord-308556-xi2un0kc author: Saadat, S. title: Covid-19 SEIDRD Modelling for Pakistan with implementation of seasonality, healthcare capacity and behavioral risk reduction date: 2020-09-02 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Introduction: December 2019 saw the origins of a new Pandemic which would soon spread to the farthest places of the planet. Several efforts of modelling of the geo-temporal transmissibility of the virus have been undertaken, but none describes the incorporation of effect of seasonality, contact density, primary care and ICU bed capacity and behavioural risk reduction measures such as lockdowns into the simulation modeling for Pakistan. We use above variables to create a close to real data curve function for the active cases of covid-19 in Pakistan. Objective: The objective of this study was to create a new computational epidemiological model for Pakistan by implementing symptomatology, healthcare capacity and behavioural risk reduction mathematically to predict of Covid-19 case trends and effects of changes in community characteristics and policy measures. Methods: We used a modified version of SEIR model called SEIDRD (Susceptible - Exposed Latent - Diagnosed as Mild or severe - Recovered - Deaths). This was developed using Vensim PLE software version 8.0. This model also incorporated the seasonal and capacity variables for Pakistan and was adjusted for behavioural risk reduction measures such as lockdowns. Results: The SEIDRD model was able to closely replicate the active covid-19 cases curve function for Pakistan until now. It was able to show that given current trends, though the number of active cases are dropping, if the smart lockdown measures were to end, the cases are expected to show a rise from 28th August 2020 onwards reaching a second peak around 28th September 2020. It was also seen that increasing the ICU bed capacity in Pakistan from 4000 to 40000 will not make a significant difference in active case number. Another simulation for a vaccination schedule of 100000 vaccines per day was created which showed a decrease in covid cases in a slow manner over a period of months rather than days. Conclusion: This study attempts to successfully model the active covid-19 cases curve function of Pakistan and mathematically models the effect of seasonality, contact density, ICU bed availability and Lockdown measures. We were able to show the effectiveness of smart lockdowns and were also to predict that in case of no smart lockdowns, Pakistan can see a rise in active case number starting from 28th of August 2020. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.01.20182642v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.01.20182642 id: cord-255376-nqq5ieyg author: Safdar, Muhammad title: COVID‐19: A threat to educated Muslim women's negotiated identity in Pakistan date: 2020-05-08 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: This study attempts to explore how the lockdown/containment measures taken by the government during the COVID‐19 pandemic have threatened educated Muslim women's negotiated identity regarding wifehood and motherhood in urban Pakistan and how they struggle to reposition to reconstruct it. Through semi‐structured interviews, making an in‐depth comparative study of three differently situated cases (Muslim women), this study argues that the abnormal situation that has ensued from the pandemic has reinforced the vulnerability of women's nascent negotiated identity by landing them in a space where they are supposed by the normative structures to step back to carrying out their traditional responsibilities as ‘good’ wife and mother during the crisis. It has found that the pandemic has similarity in its impacts for the women in their familial lives, despite their being variously situated and resistive, due to the general religio‐culturally defined patriarchal social behaviour of the place (Pakistan) toward women and lack of action on the part of the state for implementing its laws of women's empowerment. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12457 doi: 10.1111/gwao.12457 id: cord-318390-uuz37610 author: Saleem, Tayyaba title: COVID-19 containment and its unrestrained impact on epilepsy management in resource-limited areas of Pakistan date: 2020-09-25 words: 2926.0 sentences: 139.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318390-uuz37610.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318390-uuz37610.txt summary: The current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that led to an unprecedented crisis with significant health, social, and economic repercussions presented more serious concerns for those living with some chronic conditions such as epilepsy. The current study, which holds 77% of the respondents from rural areas and 23% from urban settings, showed that partial measures of lockdown taken to stop or slow the spread of COVID-19 resulted in adverse economic and health outcomes in the said population including cancelation of follow-up visits, worsening of seizures, job loss, burden of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) costs, and discontinuation of medicines. The present study was aimed to find out the impact of COVID-19 containment measures on the management strategy of low literate caregivers of patients living in resource-limited areas of Pakistan, one of the active hotspots of the pandemic. abstract: The current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that led to an unprecedented crisis with significant health, social, and economic repercussions presented more serious concerns for those living with some chronic conditions such as epilepsy. This study was aimed to find out impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on management of epilepsy. A cross-sectional study was conducted through telephone interviews, targeting 213 caregivers of pediatric patients with epilepsy, belonging to underserved areas of Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. A simple questionnaire was designed to record the responses of participants relevant to the direct and indirect effects of COVID-19 pandemic and their knowledge about possible ways that can be accessed for the management of epilepsy during an ongoing pandemic. The current study, which holds 77% of the respondents from rural areas and 23% from urban settings, showed that partial measures of lockdown taken to stop or slow the spread of COVID-19 resulted in adverse economic and health outcomes in the said population including cancelation of follow-up visits, worsening of seizures, job loss, burden of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) costs, and discontinuation of medicines. Furthermore, knowledge about alternative ways to access health facilities was found very poor among caregivers. Income sources of poor people disrupted by lockdown can lead to unintentional nonadherence to medication, which is a clear picture of inequitable distribution of resources. This study highlights the major issues faced by the caregivers during this ongoing pandemic of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107476 doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107476 id: cord-318240-wxtktbfa author: Salman, Muhammad title: How Prepared Was Pakistan for the COVID-19 Outbreak? date: 2020-07-14 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2020.247 doi: 10.1017/dmp.2020.247 id: cord-310293-0s7l0l4k author: Salman, Saima title: Inter-hospital communication and transfer practices during COVID-19 Pandemic in Karachi, Pakistan. A brief overview date: 2020-05-17 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discuss the referral mechanisms established for safe and expeditious inter-facility transfer of COVID 19 positive patients to ensure their referrals through establishing proper communication channels. METHODS: Mobile phone and WhatsApp based groups, administrated by The Indus Hospital were established in April 2020. Through detailed reports and frequent communication, factors like bed and ventilator availability across these facilities are shared. Weekly reports through zoom meetings updating the key stake holders, discussion of problems faced and planning for the week ahead are also done. RESULT: The establishment of these groups has been successful in ensuring referral to and from The Indus Hospital to various healthcare facilities across Karachi using appropriate ambulance services. CONCLUSION: The development of referral mechanisms is the need of the day that has been highlighted through the COVID 19 pandemic. It is our hope that these mechanisms are sustained after the pandemic and result in improvement in patient outcome through proper referrals. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32582328/ doi: 10.12669/pjms.36.covid19-s4.2803 id: cord-311085-jmuyi53x author: Saqlain, Muhammad title: Is Pakistan prepared to tackle the coronavirus epidemic? date: 2020-03-20 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32218652/ doi: 10.1007/s40267-020-00721-1 id: cord-265575-gcaj3p0f author: Shah, Pir Tariq title: Increasing and declining of COVID-19 cases puzzling the health experts in Pakistan date: 2020-10-17 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Although the comprehensive social measures had been engaged, COVID-19 cases remained increasing until mid-July in Pakistan, which was followed by unexplained declining. Therefore, those countermeasures need to be re-examined to find out the loopholes or defects in implementing policies in order to eventually win the war against COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100791 doi: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100791 id: cord-256676-b7p92sb1 author: Syed, Faiza title: Estimation of the Final Size of the COVID-19 Epidemic in Pakistan date: 2020-04-06 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The COVID-19 infections in Pakistan are spreading at an exponential rate and a point may soon be reached where rigorous prevention measures would need to be adopted. Mathematical models can help define the scale of an epidemic and the rate at which an infection can spread in a community. We used an SIR model to predict the magnitude of the COVID-19 epidemic in Pakistan and compared the numbers with the reported cases on the national database. Our results indicate that Pakistan could hit peak number of infectious cases on May 26th, 2020 and by June 24th, 2020, 90% of the population will have become infected with the virus if policy interventions seeking to curb this infection are not adopted aggressively. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.01.20050369 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.01.20050369 id: cord-280050-fktc778q author: Tahir, Shumaila title: Epidemiological and Clinical Features of SARS-CoV-2: A Retrospective Study from East Karachi, Pakistan date: 2020-06-17 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread to almost every country on the globe, and each country is reporting the symptomatic presentation of their patients to give better insight into the various clinical presentations of SARS-CoV-2. However, the epidemiological literature from Pakistan is scanty. Methods We retrospectively analyzed data from 412 patients who were residents of East Karachi and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 between February 26 to April 24, 2020. Patients' demographics, symptoms, travel and contact history, and outcomes were recorded. All statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, IBM Corp, Armonk, NY). Results Most of the patients were male (64.6%), the majority (43.3%) belonging to the 21- to 40-year age group. Most of the patients (65.5%) were residents of Gulshan Iqbal. A total of 15.8% of the patients were admitted to the hospital, and 3.9% of patients expired. The three most common presenting symptoms were fever (74.8%), cough (60.4%), and flu (35.5%). The majority of patients (89.3%) gave a history of contact with SARS-CoV-2 patients. Conclusion The number of SARS-CoV-2 cases is rapidly increasing in Karachi, Pakistan. There is a need to educate the population about the most common sign and symptoms of the virus so that individuals can identify these symptoms and get themselves tested. The concerned authorities should devise an adequate and effective plan to flatten the infectivity curve. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32699679/ doi: 10.7759/cureus.8679 id: cord-017731-xzfo5jjq author: Todd, Ewen C. D. title: Foodborne Disease in the Middle East date: 2016-11-25 words: 25377.0 sentences: 1067.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-017731-xzfo5jjq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-017731-xzfo5jjq.txt summary: Food safety is a concern worldwide and according to the World Health Organization, developing countries are probably more at risk of foodborne illness because many of these, including those in the Middle East, have limited disease surveillance and prevention and control strategies. Like many other parts of the developing world, foodborne disease surveillance is limited and outbreaks are most often reported through the Press but with insufficient detail to determine the etiological agents and the factors contributing to the outbreaks, leading to speculation to the cause by those interested or responsible for food prevention and control. Thus, the main foodborne disease issues are with homemade, restaurant and street food, where isolated claims of illness are followed up by inspections and possible punitive action by public health agencies responsible for food safety. abstract: Food safety is a concern worldwide and according to the World Health Organization, developing countries are probably more at risk of foodborne illness because many of these, including those in the Middle East, have limited disease surveillance and prevention and control strategies. Specifically, the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has the third highest estimated burden of foodborne diseases per population, after the African and South-East Asia regions. However, it is difficult to determine what the burden is since little is published in peer-reviewed journals or government reports for public access. This chapter reviews 16 autonomous nations, namely, Afghanistan, Bahrain, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Palestine, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia (KSA), Syrian Arab Republic (Syria), United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Yemen. Countries range in size from Bahrain with 1.8 million inhabitants to Pakistan with a population of 184 million. Agriculture and local food production is much influenced by water availability for irrigation. Water shortages are most severe in the Gulf countries which rely on aquifers, desalination, and recycled waste water for most of their water supplies. This means that most food is imported which is expensive if not subsidized through petrodollars. This impacts food security which is a particular concern in countries under conflict, particularly, Syria, Yemen and Iraq. Gastrointestinal infections are frequent in this region from Salmonella Typhi and other Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli, rotavirus, hepatitis A virus, parasites, and more rarely from Aeromonas, Yersinia enterocolitica, Brucella spp., and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Reports indicate that children are the most susceptible and that many isolates are multidrug resistant. Chemical contamination of water supplies and crops are probably more of a concern than published reports indicate, because of widespread indiscriminate use of fertilizers, antibiotics, and pesticides, coupled with increased industrial pollution affecting the water supplies. Like many other parts of the developing world, foodborne disease surveillance is limited and outbreaks are most often reported through the Press but with insufficient detail to determine the etiological agents and the factors contributing to the outbreaks, leading to speculation to the cause by those interested or responsible for food prevention and control. However, there are some well investigated outbreaks in the region that have those details, and reveal where the shortcomings of both the establishments and the inspection systems have been. Where the causative agents are known, the kinds of pathogens are generally similar to those found in the West, e.g., Salmonella, but many outbreaks seem to have short incubation periods that point to a toxin of some kind of chemical or biological origin, but these are almost never identified. Because of sectarian warfare, residents and refugees have been given food that has made them sick and solders? have been deliberately poisoned. Research has been focused on microbial contamination of locally-sold foodstuffs and manager and employee knowledge of food safety and hygienic conditions in food preparation establishments. An innovative pilot project in Qatar is to use seawater and sunlight for raising crops through the Sahara Forest Project. All countries have some kind of food establishment inspection system, but they tend to be punitive if faults are found in management or employees on the premises rather than being used for their education for improving food safety. Restaurants may be closed down and owners and employees fined for often unspecified infringements. However, some food control agents are moving towards employee training through seminars and courses before problems occur, which is a good disease prevention strategy. Unfortunately, many of the food handlers are from Asian countries with languages other than Arabic and English, which makes effective food safety communication and training difficult. Tourists visiting popular resorts in Turkey and Egypt have suffered from foodborne illnesses, usually of unknown origin but poor hygienic conditions are blamed with law suits following, and the adverse publicity affects the long-term viability of some of these resorts. Food exports, important for local economies, have occasionally been contaminated resulting in recalls and sometimes illnesses and deaths, notably fenugreek seeds from Egypt (E. coli O104:H4), pomegranate arils from Turkey (hepatitis A virus), and tahini from Lebanon (Salmonella). Overall, in recent decades, the Middle East has made strides towards improving food safety for both residents and foreign visitors or ex-pat workers. However, within the countries there are large discrepancies in the extent of effective public health oversight including food safety and food security. Currently, almost all of the countries are involved to a greater or lesser extent in the civil wars in Syria and Yemen, or are affected through political tensions and strife in Egypt, Iraq, Iran, Israel, Palestine, Lebanon and Turkey. In addition, the current overproduction of oil on a world-wide scale has led to a rapid decrease in revenues to most Gulf states. All this points to a severe setback, and an uncertain foreseeable future for improvements in obtaining both sufficient and safe food for residents in this region. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7122377/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-48920-9_17 id: cord-337155-e4gn4fo1 author: Ullah, Atta title: The nexus between capital structure, firm-specific factors, macroeconomic factors and financial performance in the textile sector of Pakistan date: 2020-08-31 words: 7632.0 sentences: 395.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337155-e4gn4fo1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337155-e4gn4fo1.txt summary: The study aimed to analyse the role of the capital structure in the financial performance of 90 textile firms listed in Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) during the period 2008–2017. The results indicate that the capital structure debt to equity variable has a negative and significant relationship with financial performance while the asset turnover ratio and firm performance showed a negative and statistically insignificant relationship. The current study thus contributes to the existing literature by highlighting the firm-specific factors that affect the performance of the textile sector firms that are listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) concerning capital structure choices. The relationship of firms'' financing choice based on the capital structure, export growth, taxation, and financial performance (ROE) is a new variable in this particular study based on the textile sector. The current study aimed to highlight the relationship between the determinants of the capital structure and its impact on firm financial performance in the textile sector of Pakistan. abstract: The study aimed to analyse the role of the capital structure in the financial performance of 90 textile firms listed in Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) during the period 2008–2017. The dependent variable was return on equity as a proxy for financial performance. The independent variables were the debt to equity, total debt to total assets, asset turnover ratios, sales growth, taxation, and export growth, while the firm size was taken as a control variable. The panel regression estimation technique was employed for analysis purposes, and both cross-sectional and time-series data were collected for this study. This study used the random-effect regression estimation model based on the Hausman diagnostic test statistics. The results indicate that the capital structure debt to equity variable has a negative and significant relationship with financial performance while the asset turnover ratio and firm performance showed a negative and statistically insignificant relationship. Export growth and sales growth have a considerable positive connection with financial performance; however, firm size has a negative and significant impact on firm performance, in favour of our alternative research hypothesis. The remaining variables include tax payable and the total debt to total assets ratio, which have an insignificant connection with financial performance (ROE) and validate the agency theory. With better corporate governance by putting more pressure on managers or increasing managerial ownership, institutional investors can reduce the capital, leverage risk and the overall firm capital cost that help to improve the firm's financial performance and economic stability. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S240584402031584X doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04741 id: cord-290952-tbsccwgx author: Ullah, Saif title: Modeling the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on the dynamics of novel coronavirus with optimal control analysis with a case study date: 2020-07-03 words: 6464.0 sentences: 357.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290952-tbsccwgx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290952-tbsccwgx.txt summary: In this paper, we develop a mathematical model to explore the transmission dynamics and possible control of the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan, one of the Asian countries with a high burden of disease with more than 100,000 confirmed infected cases so far. In this paper, we develop a mathematical model to explore the transmission dynamics and possible control of the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan, one of the Asian countries with a high burden of disease with more than 100,000 confirmed infected cases so far. The effect of low (or mild), moderate, and comparatively strict control interventions like social-distancing, quarantine rate, (or contact-tracing of suspected people) and hospitalization (or self-isolation) of testing positive COVID-19 cases are shown graphically. The effect of low (or mild), moderate, and comparatively strict control interventions like social-distancing, quarantine rate, (or contact-tracing of suspected people) and hospitalization (or self-isolation) of testing positive COVID-19 cases are shown graphically. abstract: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is the biggest public health challenge the world is facing in recent days. Since there is no effective vaccine and treatment for this virus, therefore, the only way to mitigate this infection is the implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions such as social-distancing, community lockdown, quarantine, hospitalization or self-isolation and contact-tracing. In this paper, we develop a mathematical model to explore the transmission dynamics and possible control of the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan, one of the Asian countries with a high burden of disease with more than 100,000 confirmed infected cases so far. Initially, a mathematical model without optimal control is formulated and some of the basic necessary analysis of the model, including stability results of the disease-free equilibrium is presented. It is found that the model is stable around the disease-free equilibrium both locally and globally when the basic reproduction number is less than unity. Despite the basic analysis of the model, we further consider the confirmed infected COVID-19 cases documented in Pakistan from March 1 till May 28, 2020 and estimate the model parameters using the least square fitting tools from statistics and probability theory. The results show that the model output is in good agreement with the reported COVID-19 infected cases. The approximate value of the basic reproductive number based on the estimated parameters is [Formula: see text]. The effect of low (or mild), moderate, and comparatively strict control interventions like social-distancing, quarantine rate, (or contact-tracing of suspected people) and hospitalization (or self-isolation) of testing positive COVID-19 cases are shown graphically. It is observed that the most effective strategy to minimize the disease burden is the implementation of maintaining a strict social-distancing and contact-tracing to quarantine the exposed people. Furthermore, we carried out the global sensitivity analysis of the most crucial parameter known as the basic reproduction number using the Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) and the partial rank correlation coefficient (PRCC) techniques. The proposed model is then reformulated by adding the time-dependent control variables u(1)(t) for quarantine and u(2)(t) for the hospitalization interventions and present the necessary optimality conditions using the optimal control theory and Pontryagin’s maximum principle. Finally, the impact of constant and optimal control interventions on infected individuals is compared graphically. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0960077920304720 doi: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110075 id: cord-117800-jzokod4q author: Umer, Hamza title: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Regional Lockdown Policies in the Containment of Covid-19: Evidence from Pakistan date: 2020-06-04 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: To slow down the spread of Covid-19, administrative regions within Pakistan imposed complete and partial lockdown restrictions on socio-economic activities, religious congregations, and human movement. Here we examine the impact of regional lockdown strategies on Covid-19 outcomes. After conducting econometric analyses (Regression Discontinuity and Negative Binomial Regressions) on official data from the National Institute of Health (NIH) Pakistan, we find that the strategies did not lead to a similar level of Covid-19 caseload (positive cases and deaths) in all regions. In terms of reduction in the overall caseload (positive cases and deaths), compared to no lockdown, complete and partial lockdown appeared to be effective in four regions: Balochistan, Gilgit Baltistan (GT), Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT), and Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK). Contrarily, complete and partial lockdowns did not appear to be effective in containing the virus in the three largest provinces of Punjab, Sindh, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK). The observed regional heterogeneity in the effectiveness of lockdowns advocates for a careful use of lockdown strategies based on the demographic, social, and economic factors. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.02987v1.pdf doi: nan ==== make-pages.sh questions [ERIC WAS HERE] ==== make-pages.sh search /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/make-pages.sh: line 77: /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/tmp/search.htm: No such file or directory Traceback (most recent call last): File "/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/tsv2htm-search.py", line 51, in with open( TEMPLATE, 'r' ) as handle : htm = handle.read() FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/tmp/search.htm' ==== make-pages.sh topic modeling corpus Zipping study carrel