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id: cord-011062-ukz4hnmy
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  Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Informatics School of Nursing University of Washington Seatlle USA Background Frailty


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  the Departments of Internal Medicine and Neurology of the University Hospital of Araba Basque Country


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  2 1 Institutes of Innovation for Future Society Nagoya University Japan 2 Department of Community Health and Geriatrics Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan 3 Department of Business Administration Seijoh University


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  the University of Tokyo School of Medicine Tokyo Japan 2 Department of Diagnostic Radiology Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital


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  Japan 3 Department of Geriatric Medicine International University of Health and Welfare Narita Chiba


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  Department of Physiotherapy Sengkang General Hospital Singapore 4 Dietetics Sengkang General Hospital Singapore Background Cognitive


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  Acute Internal Medicine and Geriatrics and Medical and Health Sciences Linköping University Linköping


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  Graduate School of Health and Sports Science Juntendo University Inzai Chiba Japan Background Loquat Eriobotrya


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  Vieira Fabrícia Costa Cavalcanti Department of Physical Therapy Florida International University Miami USA Background Integrating


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  Preliminary Estimates of the Prevalence of Selected Underlying Health Conditions Among Patients with Coronavirus Disease


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  A Short Physical Performance Battery Assessing Lower Extremity Function Association with Self Reported Disability and Prediction of Mortality and Nursing Home Admission


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  the Nathan Shock Center of Excellence for the Biology of Aging P30AG038072 NB American Federation for Aging Research SM


id: cord-258093-6fn8ei9f
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  National Heart Lung and Blood Institute National Institute of Health National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Expert Panel Report


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  World Population Prospects The 2017 Revision Key Findings and Advance Tables United Nations Department of Economics and Social Affairs World Health Organization


id: cord-288392-khjo6j8u
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  World Health Organisation A Conceptual Framework for Action on the Social Determinants of Health Social Determinants of Health Discussion Paper 2 World Health Organisation


id: cord-288392-khjo6j8u
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  International Multi Site Study Connecting at Local Level Exploring Opportunities for Future Design of Technology to Support Social Connections


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  Department of Health Northern Ireland Referral Guidance for Suspected Cancer Department of Health Cancer


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  Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium MoTrPAC Mapping the Dynamic Responses to Exercise Reducing Sedentary Behavior


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  Interventions to Prevent Age Related Cognitive Decline Mild Cognitive Impairment and Clinical Alzheimer s Type Dementia Effects


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  impairment of the communication between the nervous system and muscle Motor neurons innervate their axon terminals


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  Parkinson s disease Unsupervised virtual reality based exercise program improves hip muscle strength and balance control in older adults A


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  Attributes Integration of Pet in Daily Life Strategic Utilization and Forging New Connections Deriving Comfort


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id: cord-306210-ny3vvu9h
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  Ventilator Triage Policies During the COVID 19 Pandemic at U S Hospitals Associated With Members of the Association of Bioethics Program Directors


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  The Core Curriculum and Educaton Committee for the International Federation for Emergency Medicine Informe


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  Medidas de prevención de la trasmisión de organismos entre pacientes hospitalizados Higiene de manos


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  Epidemiological Report COVID 19 National Public Health Organization World Health Organization WHO Mortality


# url

id: cord-306210-ny3vvu9h
domain: www.economist.com
url:
  http://www.economist.com/international/2020/09/26/the-pandemic-is-plunging-millionsback-into-extreme-poverty


# bib

id: cord-010965-5jkau3jb
title: Loneliness in Old Age: An Unaddressed Health Problem
author: Berg-Weger, M.
date: 2020-01-16
txt: ./txt/cord-010965-5jkau3jb.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-010965-5jkau3jb.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7223173/
doi: 10.1007/s12603-020-1323-6
abstract: nan
summary:
  The longterm (greater than four years) effects of loneliness and social isolation can be even more devastating, including; Increased blood pressure, depression, weight gain, smoking alcohol/ drug use, and alone time (5) and decreased physical activity, cognition, heart health, and sleep, stroke and coronary heart disease, in particular (6). • Cognition (28, 29) • Subjective health (30) • Stress and depression (31) • Decreased quality of sleep (32) • Disability (33, 34) • Cardiovascular disease (6) • Increased use of health care services (29, (35) (36) (37) • Increased mortality (29, 38, 39) • Institutionalization (29) Predictors and risk factors of loneliness and social isolation are numerous, but some may be modifiable. Developed by scholars and practitioners at the Central Union for the Welfare of the Aged at Helsinki University in the early 2000s, Circle of Friends© is built on a model of group rehabilitation with the aim being alleviation and prevention of loneliness in older adults (21) .


id: cord-011062-ukz4hnmy
title: Poster
author: nan
date: 2020-03-11
txt: ./txt/cord-011062-ukz4hnmy.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-011062-ukz4hnmy.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7223455/
doi: 10.14283/jfa.2020.9
abstract: nan
summary:
  Ming-Yueh Chou 1,3 , Ying-Hsin Hsu 1 , Yu-Chun Wang 1 , Chih-Kuang Liang 1,3 , Li-Ning Peng 2,4 , Liang-Kung Chen 2,4 , Yu-Te Lin 1 ((1) Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; (2) Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; (3) Department of Geriatric Medicine, National Yang Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; (4) Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan) Background: Older people with frailty are at risk of adverse outcomes, such as falls, functional decline and mortality, and multi-domain intervention program may prevent those. Conclusion: Our study showed that a multicomponent exercise program is effective for posthospitalization patients because after 24-week intervention there were significant reductions in frailty and improving results in muscle strength and physical performance. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of 757 communitydwelling older adults who completed multi-domain geriatric screen assessing for social vulnerability, mood, cognition, functional performance, nutrition, physical frailty (FRAIL) and sarcopenia (SARC-F).


id: cord-011302-pfepyvaw
title: The changing face of neurosurgery for the older person
author: Edlmann, Ellie
date: 2020-04-25
txt: ./txt/cord-011302-pfepyvaw.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-011302-pfepyvaw.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7223995/
doi: 10.1007/s00415-020-09854-9
summary:
  In this review, we consider changes in practice and current treatment outcomes in older patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage, traumatic head injury, and haemorrhagic strokes. A recent systematic review of endovascular treatment of ruptured aneurysms in patients aged over 65 reported good outcomes in 66%, with a mortality rate of around 26% at 1 year [36] . Koffijberg analysed the cost-effectiveness of treating ruptured aneurysms in patients aged over 70, identifying key parameters including patient age (and thus life expectancy), good or poor clinical condition on presentation, conservative or occlusive treatment (clipping or coiling) and good or poor outcomes [18] . This is supported by collaborations such as IMPACT (International Mission for Prognosis and Analysis of Clinical Trials in TBI) and CRASH (Corticosteroid Randomisation After Significant Head injury), who have used available evidence to develop prognostic calculators for TBI, where age is a corestratifying component and significantly increases chances of a poor outcome [17, 38] .

abstract:
  Increased life expectancy and illness prevention and treatment have led to a growing population of older patients. These changes in patient population are apparent in neurosurgery; however, relatively little is reported about specific outcomes and prognostication in this group. This review summarises the challenges and management changes occurring in the treatment of three common neurosurgical pathologies; aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage, head injury, and haemorrhagic stroke. A move towards less invasive neurosurgical techniques has implications on the risk–benefit profile of interventions. This creates the opportunity to intervene in older patients with greater co-morbidity, as long as improved outcomes can be evidenced. A critical part of assessing appropriateness for surgical intervention in older patients may be to change from a mindset of age to one of frailty and growing interest in scales assessing this may aid treatment decisions in the future.


id: cord-016301-vqmqnipq
title: Elderly Transplant Recipients
author: Winnick, Aaron M.
date: 2011-01-25
txt: ./txt/cord-016301-vqmqnipq.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-016301-vqmqnipq.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7120546/
doi: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6999-6_98
summary:
  Current success in transplanting kidneys into older recipients has quieted misconceptions within medical communities and the general public, among them the erroneous belief that advanced age alone prevents a successful surgical outcome, that the elderly patient with ESRD has a very limited life expectancy, and thus cannot receive a transplant, and that older recipients have poor results based upon outdated information from the previous era of transplantation and immunosuppression. While ECD kidneys carry a relative risk of graft failure greater than 1.7 compared to a reference group of donors aged 10-39 years without any of the above three conditions, elderly recipients of ECD kidneys were found to have a survival benefit compared with waiting-list candidates (RR = 0.75; 95% CI 0.65-0.86; p < 0.0001) [8] . One study evaluated 91 transplant recipients over the age of 60 over a 13-year span and reported a 10-year patient survival of 35% in the elderly group and 60% in the younger patients ( p < 0.05).

abstract:
  While the total number of organs transplanted in this country has increased over the years, there is still an ever-widening gap between the need for organs and our capacity to meet that need as the overall waiting list continues to grow. This is due in part to significant advances in transplant techniques and outcomes such that Americans with organ failure now seek transplants in greater numbers. Additionally, life-expectancy gains in the United States are creating an aging population who are more likely to suffer organ failure than younger Americans. The national transplant waiting list has continued to shift toward older candidates. The Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR) reported that at the end of 2007, 59.7% of all 97,248 candidates on the waiting list for all organs were 50 years old or older, and 14.9% were 65 years or older. These percentages are substantially higher than they were in 1998 (41.5 and 8.1%, respectively) [1].


id: cord-016840-p3sq99yg
author: Bales, Connie Watkins
date: 2008-09-09
txt: ./txt/cord-016840-p3sq99yg.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-016840-p3sq99yg.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121257/
doi: 10.1007/978-1-60327-385-5_29
summary:
  Complex emergencies (CEs) can occur anywhere and are defined as crisis situations that greatly elevate the risk to nutrition and overall health (morbidity and mortality) of older individuals in the affected area. The major underlying threats to nutritional status for older adults during CEs are food insecurity, inadequate social support, and lack of access to health services. Any of a number of crisis situations that greatly elevate the health risk of individuals in the affected area; examples are natural disasters like floods and earthquakes; urban health emergencies like fires, epidemics, and blackouts; and terrorist acts like massive bombings or poisonings of food or water supplies. Examples include natural disasters like floods and earthquakes, urban health emergencies like fires, epidemics and blackouts, and terrorist acts like massive bombings or poisonings of food or water supplies (see Table 29 .2).

title:
  Minimizing the Impact of Complex Emergencies on Nutrition and Geriatric Health: Planning for Prevention is Key

abstract:
  Complex emergencies (CEs) can occur anywhere and are defined as crisis situations that greatly elevate the risk to nutrition and overall health (morbidity and mortality) of older individuals in the affected area. In urban areas with high population densities and heavy reliance on power-driven devices for day-to-day survival, CEs can precipitate a rapid deterioration of basic services that threatens nutritionally and medically vulnerable older adults. The major underlying threats to nutritional status for older adults during CEs are food insecurity, inadequate social support, and lack of access to health services. The most effective strategy for coping with CEs is to have detailed, individualized pre-event preparations. When a CE occurs, the immediate relief efforts focus on establishing access to food, safe water, and essential medical services.


id: cord-017461-xw02c7u5
title: Fungal Infections
author: Kauffman, Carol A.
date: 2009-02-02
txt: ./txt/cord-017461-xw02c7u5.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-017461-xw02c7u5.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7122029/
doi: 10.1007/978-1-60327-534-7_22
summary:
  Candida species are the most common cause of opportunistic fungal infections, and bloodstream infections are usually treated with fluconazole or an echinocandin antifungal agent. The endemic fungi, Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides species, and Blastomyces dermatitidis, cause infection when the mold form is dispersed and inhaled from the environment in those specific areas of the country in which these organisms flourish. Amphotericin B is used for initial treatment of severe histoplasmosis, coccidioi­domycosis, and blastomycosis; itraconazole is the therapy of choice for most mild to moderate infections due to these endemic mycoses. Serious fungal infections can be separated into two major categories: The opportunistic mycoses that include candidiasis, cryptococcosis, and invasive mold infections such as aspergillosis and zygomycosis, and the endemic mycoses, which in the United States, includes histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, and coccidioidomycosis.

abstract:
  Older adults are at increased risk of developing opportunistic fungal infections because organ transplantation, intensive cancer chemotherapy regimens, and anti-tumor necrosis factor agents are now used more commonly, and because admission to an intensive care unit, which carries many risk factors for fungal infection, has become commonplace in this group. Candida species are the most common cause of opportunistic fungal infections, and bloodstream infections are usually treated with fluconazole or an echinocandin antifungal agent. Invasive mold infections are mostly caused by Aspergillus species; in older adults, they cause primarily pulmonary and sinus infections, and they are associated with a high mortality rate. The endemic fungi, Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides species, and Blastomyces dermatitidis, cause infection when the mold form is dispersed and inhaled from the environment in those specific areas of the country in which these organisms flourish. Amphotericin B is used for initial treatment of severe histoplasmosis, coccidioi­domycosis, and blastomycosis; itraconazole is the therapy of choice for most mild to moderate infections due to these endemic mycoses.


id: cord-018363-qr1pk78u
title: Consultative and Comanagement
author: Casey, Ashley
date: 2015-10-10
txt: ./txt/cord-018363-qr1pk78u.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-018363-qr1pk78u.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7123218/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-23748-0_2
summary:
  Results of physical examination are as follows: temperature, 38.9 °C (102.1 °F); heart rate, 116 bpm; blood pressure, 96/60 mmHg; respiratory rate, 35 breaths/min; and O 2 saturation, 74 % on 100 % O 2 with a nonrebreather mask. In the past 20 min, the patient has become abruptly short of breath, hypoxic, and severely hypotensive with a blood pressure of 72/palpation mm Hg. On physical exam, she is obtunded and in serve respiratory distress. A 64-year-old female with a past medical history signifi cant for type 2 diabetes mellitus is admitted with increasing shortness of breath. A meta-analysis of 15 studies reports that hyperglycemia increased both in-hospital mortality and incidence of heart failure in patients admitted for acute myocardial infarction. Continuing warfarin treatment at the time of pacemaker in patients with high thrombotic risk was associated with a lower incidence of clinically signifi cant device-pocket hematoma, as opposed to bridging with heparin.

abstract:
  This chapter covers the role of the hospitalist as a consultant and their interaction with surgical specialties. Included are discussions of perioperative care in the hospital and clinic. Oral and parenteral nutrition for the hospitalized patient are examined. A special emphasis is placed on palliative care for the hospitalized patient. Comanagement of surgical patients with an emphasis on orthopedics is reviewed.


id: cord-025246-zah72cd6
author: Lai, Daniel W. L.
date: 2020-03-13
txt: ./txt/cord-025246-zah72cd6.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-025246-zah72cd6.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7249248/
doi: 10.1007/978-981-13-6969-8_13
summary:
  Based on these theoretical bases, three practice directions are suggested to guide community development at different levels: "aging in place," "age-friendly community," and "gray power." In particular, social workers need to adapt community development approaches to Chinese cultural contexts. Focusing on the experience of older people in different Chinese contexts, including Chinese older adults in Chinese societies and older Chinese migrants residing in non-Chinese societies, this chapter will discuss the alignment of community development and its application in social work practice with older people, with attention to the influence of sociocultural context. Finally, social workers can facilitate the involvement of older people in developing AFCs, which is important because it can support greater responsiveness to community needs, capacity building, and empowerment, as well as enhanced use of existing and new programs and services (Scharlach and Lehning 2016) . Social workers can apply the practice of community development in working with Chinese older people, representing an approach to intervention and support that addresses broader systems and structures and focus on empowerment and personal development among aging populations.

title:
  Revisiting Social Work with Older People in Chinese Contexts from a Community Development Lens: When East Meets West

abstract:
  Community development is an empowering and comprehensive method for social workers to address individual and societal challenges facing Chinese older people. This chapter explores the different meanings of community development in Chinese contexts, including communities in Mainland China and Chinese immigrant communities. When actualizing community development, social workers require theories to guide their actions, and this chapter proposes three interrelated theoretical bases: ecological system theory, empowerment theory, and anti-oppressive theory. Based on these theoretical bases, three practice directions are suggested to guide community development at different levels: “aging in place,” “age-friendly community,” and “gray power.” In particular, social workers need to adapt community development approaches to Chinese cultural contexts. Case examples are discussed to illustrate how to implement community development projects with older people in Chinese contexts and the roles of social workers in such projects.


id: cord-033736-bsmqqi6j
author: Bajraktari, Saranda
date: 2020-10-14
txt: ./txt/cord-033736-bsmqqi6j.txt
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mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7556574/
doi: 10.1186/s13690-020-00480-5
summary:
  Eligible studies were: 1) interventions categorised as health promotion (HP) or primary prevention (PP) following the WHO''s definition [1, 2] and addressing behavioural risk factors, injury prevention, physical health, social and mental health, 2) including populations of community-living older people 65+ as of it being the lowest retirement age in the Nordic Countries, hence exclude the risk of missing relevant studies due to the age limitation, 3) implemented in a Nordic country (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden and Faroe Islands), 4) studies applying a randomized controlled trial design (RCT) for the evaluation of effects (research question six), 5) studies related to the identified RCTs addressing the remaining research question, e.g. experiences of participants, feasibility as well as studies on cost-effectiveness. Five studies had samples consisting only of female participants [32, Table 2 Detailed results concerning intervention content, effects on health outcomes, and feasibility aspects of included studies in the field of health-promoting and preventive interventions for community dwelling older people in the Nordic countries from inception to 2019 (Continued)

title:
  Health-promoting and preventive interventions for community-dwelling older people published from inception to 2019: a scoping review to guide decision making in a Swedish municipality context

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Despite the promising evidence of health-promoting and preventive interventions for maintaining health among older people, not all interventions can be implemented due to limited resources. Due to the variation of content in the interventions and the breadth of outcomes used to evaluate effects in such interventions, comparisons are difficult and the choice of which interventions to implement is challenging. Therefore, more information, beyond effects, is needed to guide decision-makers. The aim of this review was to investigate, to what degree factors important for decision-making have been reported in the existing health-promoting and preventive interventions literature for community-dwelling older people in the Nordic countries. METHODS: This review was guided by the PRISMA-ScR checklist (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews), the methodological steps for scoping reviews described in the Arksey and O′Malley’s framework, and the Medical Research Council’s (MRC) guidance on complex interventions. Eligible studies for inclusion were randomised controlled trials (RCTs) concerning health promotion or primary prevention for community-dwelling older people implemented in the Nordic countries. Additionally, all included RCTs were searched for related papers that were reporting on additional factors. Eligible studies were searched in seven databases: PubMed, SCOPUS, CINAHL, Academic Search Elite, PsycINFO, SocINDEX, and SPORTDiscus. RESULTS: Eighty-two studies met the inclusion criteria (twenty-seven unique studies and fifty-five related studies). Twelve studies focused on fall prevention, eleven had a health-promoting approach, and four studies focused on preventing disability. All interventions, besides one, reported positive effects on at least one health outcome. Three studies reported data on cost-effectiveness, three on experiences of participants and two conducted feasibility studies. Only one intervention, reported information on all seven factors. CONCLUSIONS: All identified studies on health-promoting and preventive interventions for older people evaluated in the Nordic countries report positive effects although the magnitude of effects and number of follow-ups differed substantially. Overall, there was a general lack of studies on feasibility, cost-effectiveness, and experiences of participants, thus, limiting the basis for decision making. Considering all reported factors, promising candidates to be recommended for implementation in a Nordic municipality context are ‘Senior meetings’, ‘preventive home visits’ and ‘exercise interventions’ on its own or combined with other components.


id: cord-034435-yp0gfl47
author: Medetalibeyoglu, A.
date: 2020-10-08
txt: ./txt/cord-034435-yp0gfl47.txt
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url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7597420/
doi: 10.1007/s12603-020-1499-9
summary:
  We aimed to describe clinical characteristics and early outcomes of the older Covid-19 patients hospitalized in our center comparatively with the younger patients, and also to analyze the triage factors that were related to the in-hospital mortality of older adults. MEASUREMENTS: The demographic information; associated comorbidities; presenting clinical, laboratory, radiological characteristics on admission and outcomes from the electronic medical records were analyzed comparatively between the younger (<65 years) and older (≥65 years) adults. The Data are given as median (interquartile range) for the continuous variables and as counts (%) for the categorical variables; The cut-offs of the laboratory parameters were designated by † the local laboratory thresholds and ‡ the suggestion of diagnostic and treatment guidelines for SARS-CoV-2 issued by the Turkish National Scientific Committee directed by the Turkish Ministry of Health (17); Admission laboratory studies were selected to be included here based on their relevance to the characterization of Covid-19 patients (5); CT: computerized tomography, ProBNP: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, TnT: high sensitive troponin T; *statistically significant median age for older adults (≥65 years) was 73 years (IQR, 68-81 range, 65-90).

title:
  Older Adults Hospitalized with Covid-19: Clinical Characteristics and Early Outcomes from a Single Center in Istanbul, Turkey

abstract:
  OBJECTIVE: Older adults have been continuously reported to be at higher risk for adverse outcomes of Covid-19. We aimed to describe clinical characteristics and early outcomes of the older Covid-19 patients hospitalized in our center comparatively with the younger patients, and also to analyze the triage factors that were related to the in-hospital mortality of older adults. DESIGN: Retrospective; observational study. SETTING: Istanbul Faculty of Medicine hospital, Turkey. PARTICIPANTS: 362 hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed Covid-19 from March 11 to May 11, 2020. MEASUREMENTS: The demographic information; associated comorbidities; presenting clinical, laboratory, radiological characteristics on admission and outcomes from the electronic medical records were analyzed comparatively between the younger (<65 years) and older (≥65 years) adults. Factors associated with in-hospital mortality of the older adults were analyzed by multivariate regression analyses. RESULTS: The median age was 56 years (interquartile range [IQR], 46–67), and 224 (61.9%) were male. There were 104 (28.7%) patients ≥65 years of age. More than half of the patients (58%) had one or more chronic comorbidity. The three most common presenting symptoms in the older patients were fatigue/myalgia (89.4%), dry cough (72.1%), and fever (63.5%). Cough and fever were significantly less prevalent in older adults compared to younger patients (p=0.001 and 0.008, respectively). Clinically severe pneumonia was present in 31.5% of the study population being more common in older adults (49% vs. 24.4%) (p<0.001). The laboratory parameters that were significantly different between the older and younger adults were as follows: the older patients had significantly higher CRP, D-dimer, TnT, pro-BNP, procalcitonin levels, higher prevalence of lymphopenia, neutrophilia, increased creatinine, and lower hemoglobin, ALT, albumin level (p<0.05). In the radiological evaluation, more than half of the patients (54.6%) had moderate-severe pneumonia, which was more prevalent in older patients (66% vs. 50%) (p=0.006). The adverse outcomes were significantly more prevalent in older adults compared to the younger patients (ICU admission, 28.8% vs. 8.9%; mortality, 23.1% vs. 4.3%, p<0.001). Among the triage evaluation parameters, the only factor associated with higher mortality was the presence of clinically severe pneumonia on admission (Odds Ratio=12.3, 95% confidence interval=2.7–55.5, p=0.001). CONCLUSION: Older patients presented with more prevalent chronic comorbidities, less prevalent symptomatology but more severe respiratory signs and laboratory abnormalities than the younger patients. Among the triage assessment factors, the clinical evaluation of pulmonary involvement came in front to help clinicians to stratify the patients for mortality risk.


id: cord-034438-9kdmljoq
author: Sepúlveda-Loyola, W.
date: 2020-09-25
txt: ./txt/cord-034438-9kdmljoq.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-034438-9kdmljoq.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7597423/
doi: 10.1007/s12603-020-1500-7
summary:
  title: Impact of Social Isolation Due to COVID-19 on Health in Older People: Mental and Physical Effects and Recommendations OBJECTIVES: To review the impact of social isolation during COVID-19 pandemic on mental and physical health of older people and the recommendations for patients, caregivers and health professionals. MEASUREMENTS: Articles since 2019 to 2020 published on Pubmed, Scielo and Google Scholar databases with the following MeSh terms (''COVID-19'', ''coronavirus'', ''aging'', ''older people'', ''elderly'', ''social isolation'' and ''quarantine'') in English, Spanish or Portuguese were included. Thus, the decreasing of social interaction produced by social distancing could have a negative impact on mental and physical health in older people (22) (23) (24) , since it has limited the social participation in community organizations and in family activities (23, 25) . Hence, the aim of this review is to analyse the potential effects of social isolation caused by COVID-19 pandemic on mental and physical health in older adults.

title:
  Impact of Social Isolation Due to COVID-19 on Health in Older People: Mental and Physical Effects and Recommendations

abstract:
  OBJECTIVES: To review the impact of social isolation during COVID-19 pandemic on mental and physical health of older people and the recommendations for patients, caregivers and health professionals. DESIGN: Narrative review. SETTING: Non-institutionalized community-living people. PARTICIPANTS: 20.069 individuals from ten descriptive cross-sectional papers. MEASUREMENTS: Articles since 2019 to 2020 published on Pubmed, Scielo and Google Scholar databases with the following MeSh terms (‘COVID-19’, ‘coronavirus’, ‘aging’, ‘older people’, ‘elderly’, ‘social isolation’ and ‘quarantine’) in English, Spanish or Portuguese were included. The studies not including people over 60 were excluded. Guidelines, recommendations, and update documents from different international organizations related to mental and physical activity were also analysed. RESULTS: 41 documents have been included in this narrative review, involving a total of 20.069 individuals (58% women), from Asia, Europe and America. 31 articles included recommendations and 10 addressed the impact of social distancing on mental or physical health. The main outcomes reported were anxiety, depression, poor sleep quality and physical inactivity during the isolation period. Cognitive strategies and increasing physical activity levels using apps, online videos, telehealth, are the main international recommendations. CONCLUSION: Mental and physical health in older people are negatively affected during the social distancing for COVID-19. Therefore, a multicomponent program with exercise and psychological strategies are highly recommended for this population during the confinement. Future investigations are necessary in this field.


id: cord-034443-rptylxmw
title: COVID-19 — The Long Road to Recovery
author: Morley, John E.
date: 2020-10-05
txt: ./txt/cord-034443-rptylxmw.txt
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mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7597432/
doi: 10.1007/s12603-020-1497-y
abstract: nan
summary:
  Older persons who underwent lockdown with the COVID-19 pandemic are likely to have decreased their exercise and developed sarcopenia. In view of the multiple complications associated with "long Covid" it is essential that during recovery older persons are carefully followed by physicians and other health professionals. It is suggested that at discharge from hospital and at 3 months discharge from hospital all COVID-19 patients are screened for frailty with the FRAIL test (48) (49) (50) (51) , sarcopenia with the SARC-F (52-55), anorexia with the SNAQ (56, 57) and cognitive failure with the Rapid Cognitive Screen (RCS) (58) . The association between frailty and severe disease among COVID-19 patients aged over 60 years in China: A prospective cohort study Increased risk of acute stroke among patient with severe COVID-19: A multicenter study and meta-analysis Effects of exercise interventions on the functional status of acutely hospitalized older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis


id: cord-252854-gl094y6c
title: COVID-19 and Older Adults. Lessons Learned from the Italian Epicenter
author: Cesari, Matteo
date: 2020-03-01
txt: ./txt/cord-252854-gl094y6c.txt
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mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32550954/
doi: 10.5770/cgj.23.445
summary:
  On March 13th, 2020, The World Health Organization effectively established that Europe is the new the COVID-19 pandemic world epicenter, as cases in Italy and other European nations soared. The clinical presentation in older adults with severe illness, in the experience from geriatricians in Lombardy, is described as quite sudden; patients can develop severe hypoxemia with the need of ventilation support in few hours. Specifically, the numbers in Italy have climbed, with over 80,000 cases and 8,000 deaths as of March 26th, 2020, placing Italy now as the country with the highest mortality rate (1) Importantly, older adults are particularly vulnerable to get severe illness and complications from this disease, and they also have a higher mortality rate than any other age group. 2. Clinical presentation in older adults with severe illness is quite sudden; patients can develop severe hypoxemia and need ventilation support in very few hours.

abstract:
  On March 13th, 2020, The World Health Organization effectively established that Europe is the new the COVID-19 pandemic world epicenter, as cases in Italy and other European nations soared. The numbers in Italy have climbed with over 80,000 cases as of March 25th, 2020 and with over 8000 deaths, placing Italy now as the country with the highest mortality rate. Importantly, older adults are particularly vulnerable to get severe illness, complications, and to have a higher mortality rate than any other age group. The clinical presentation in older adults with severe illness, in the experience from geriatricians in Lombardy, is described as quite sudden; patients can develop severe hypoxemia with the need of ventilation support in few hours. Geriatric syndromes are not a common form of presentation for COVID-19 in severe illness. It is suggested that stratification by frailty level may help to detect the most vulnerable, and decisions about healthcare resource prioritization should not be taken based only on age itself or previous diagnosis, such as having dementia.


id: cord-253182-s60vzf3q
author: Fang, Evandro F.
date: 2020-09-21
txt: ./txt/cord-253182-s60vzf3q.txt
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extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32971255/
doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101174
summary:
  Major healthcare challenges involved with caring for the elderly in China include the management of chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs), physical frailty, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, with emerging challenges such as providing sufficient dental care, combating the rising prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases among nursing home communities, providing support for increased incidences of immune diseases, and the growing necessity to provide palliative care for the elderly. The research agenda in response to rapid population ageing in China has been broad, covering areas including the study of the ageing process itself in laboratory and animal studies, to clinical-level studies of drugs or other treatments for common chronic diseases, and finally policy-level research for the care of the elderly in hospital, community and residential care settings, and its influence on health and social care policies . Major risk factors of the high prevalence of dental diseases in the elderly in China include the scarcity of dental health knowledge in the general population, low frequency of daily oral hygiene practices, insufficiency of dental care services, and unhealthy diet habits.

title:
  A research agenda for ageing in China in the 21st century (2nd edition): Focusing on basic and translational research, long-term care, policy and social networks

abstract:
  One of the key issues facing public healthcare is the global trend of an increasingly ageing society which continues to present policy makers and caregivers with formidable healthcare and socio-economic challenges. Ageing is the primary contributor to a broad spectrum of chronic disorders all associated with a lower quality of life in the elderly. In 2019, the Chinese population constituted 18 % of the world population, with 164.5 million Chinese citizens aged 65 and above (65+), and 26 million aged 80 or above (80+). China has become an ageing society, and as it continues to age it will continue to exacerbate the burden borne by current family and public healthcare systems. Major healthcare challenges involved with caring for the elderly in China include the management of chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs), physical frailty, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, with emerging challenges such as providing sufficient dental care, combating the rising prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases among nursing home communities, providing support for increased incidences of immune diseases, and the growing necessity to provide palliative care for the elderly. At the governmental level, it is necessary to make long-term strategic plans to respond to the pressures of an ageing society, especially to establish a nationwide, affordable, annual health check system to facilitate early diagnosis and provide access to affordable treatments. China has begun work on several activities to address these issues including the recent completion of the of the Ten-year Health-Care Reform project, the implementation of the Healthy China 2030 Action Plan, and the opening of the National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders. There are also societal challenges, namely the shift from an extended family system in which the younger provide home care for their elderly family members, to the current trend in which young people are increasingly migrating towards major cities for work, increasing reliance on nursing homes to compensate, especially following the outcomes of the ‘one child policy’ and the ‘empty-nest elderly’ phenomenon. At the individual level, it is important to provide avenues for people to seek and improve their own knowledge of health and disease, to encourage them to seek medical check-ups to prevent/manage illness, and to find ways to promote modifiable health-related behaviors (social activity, exercise, healthy diets, reasonable diet supplements) to enable healthier, happier, longer, and more productive lives in the elderly. Finally, at the technological or treatment level, there is a focus on modern technologies to counteract the negative effects of ageing. Researchers are striving to produce drugs that can mimic the effects of ‘exercising more, eating less’, while other anti-ageing molecules from molecular gerontologists could help to improve ‘healthspan’ in the elderly. Machine learning, ‘Big Data’, and other novel technologies can also be used to monitor disease patterns at the population level and may be used to inform policy design in the future. Collectively, synergies across disciplines on policies, geriatric care, drug development, personal awareness, the use of big data, machine learning and personalized medicine will transform China into a country that enables the most for its elderly, maximizing and celebrating their longevity in the coming decades. This is the 2nd edition of the review paper (Fang EF et al., Ageing Re. Rev. 2015).


id: cord-253735-0wi67tuw
title: Clinical characteristics of older patients infected with COVID-19: A descriptive study
author: Niu, Shengmei
date: 2020-04-10
txt: ./txt/cord-253735-0wi67tuw.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-253735-0wi67tuw.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32339960/
doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104058
summary:
  A confirmed case was defined as a suspected cases with the laboratory test for the 2019-nCoV virus from the respiratory specimens show positive result by means of real-time reverse-transcriptionpolymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assay, while a suspected case was defined as a case that fulfilled both the following criteria: clinical have fever, radiographic evidence of pneumonia, low or normal white-cell count or low lymphocyte count; and the epidemic history have a travel to Wuhan or direct contact with patients from Wuhan who have fever or respiratory symptoms within 14 days before illness according to the new coronavirus pneumonial diagnosis and treatment program (3id ed.) which were published by the National Health Commission of China. We collected the data on the demographic, epidemiological, clinical, laboratory tests, diagnosis types, cluster cases and outcomes of COVID-19 infection in elderly patients, and categorized into three groups and compared the difference between middle aged 50-64years, aged 65-79 years and older than 80 years.

abstract:
  OBJECTIVES: Since the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19), which has spread in the world rapidly. Population have a susceptibility to COVID-19, older people were more susceptible to have a variety diseases than younger, including COVID-19 infection with no doubt. This study focused on older patients with COVID-19 infection and analyzed the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of them. METHODS: We collected information on confirmed older patient transferred by Beijing Emergency Medical Service (EMS) to the designated hospitals from Jan 20 to Feb 29, 2020. The information including demographic, epidemiological, clinical, classification of severity and outcomes. All cases were categorized into three groups and compared the difference between aged 50–64 years, 65–79 years and older than 80 years. RESULTS: 56.7 % of elderly confirmed patients were male, fever (78.3 %), cough (56.7 %), dyspnea (30.0 %), and fatigue (23.3 %) were common symptoms of COVID-19 infection. Classification of severity has statistically significant differences between the three groups, compared with middle-aged patients and aged 65–79 years group, older than 80 years group had significant statistical differences in contacted to symptomatic case in 14 days. As of Feb 29, 38.3 % patients had discharged and 53.3 % patients remained in hospital in our study, the fatality of COVID-19 infection in elderly was 8.3 %. CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 infection is generally susceptible with a relatively high fatality rate in older patients, we should pay more attention to the elderly patients with COVID-19 infection.


id: cord-253900-ftwuybud
author: Mulas, Ilaria
date: 2020-09-25
txt: ./txt/cord-253900-ftwuybud.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-253900-ftwuybud.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32978750/
doi: 10.1007/s40520-020-01715-9
summary:
  METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study performed on 213 adults aged over 65 years (mean age 77.0 ± 5.4; 62% female) who underwent cognitive assessment (through Addenbrooke''s Cognitive Examination Revised, ACE-R) instrumental gait analysis and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test carried out using a wearable IMU located in the lower back. It is to be noted that the quantitative assessment of gait and functional mobility parameters in older persons with or without cognitive impairment are usually performed with a variety of methods ranging from the use of a simple stopwatch (suitable for calculating gait speed and recording TUG time) to more sophisticated equipment such as optical motion capture systems and electronic walkways that provide data on several spatio-temporal and kinematic parameters [26] [27] [28] .

title:
  Clinical assessment of gait and functional mobility in Italian healthy and cognitively impaired older persons using wearable inertial sensors

abstract:
  AIM: The main purpose of the present study was to verify the feasibility of wearable inertial sensors (IMUs) in a clinical setting to screen gait and functional mobility in Italian older persons. In particular, we intended to verify the capability of IMUs to discriminate individuals with and without cognitive impairments and assess the existence of significant correlations between mobility parameters extracted by processing trunk accelerations and cognitive status. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study performed on 213 adults aged over 65 years (mean age 77.0 ± 5.4; 62% female) who underwent cognitive assessment (through Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination Revised, ACE-R) instrumental gait analysis and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test carried out using a wearable IMU located in the lower back. RESULTS: Individuals with cognitive impairments exhibit a peculiar gait pattern, characterized by significant reduction of speed (− 34% vs. healthy individuals), stride length (− 28%), cadence (− 9%), and increase in double support duration (+ 11%). Slight, but significant changes in stance and swing phase duration were also detected. Poorer performances in presence of cognitive impairment were observed in terms of functional mobility as overall and sub-phase TUG times resulted significantly higher with respect to healthy individuals (overall time, + 38%, sub-phases times ranging from + 22 to + 34%), although with some difference associated with age. The severity of mobility alterations was found moderately to strongly correlated with the ACE-R score (Spearman’s rho = 0.58 vs. gait speed, 0.54 vs. stride length, 0.66 vs. overall TUG time). CONCLUSION: The findings obtained in the present study suggest that wearable IMUs appear to be an effective solution for the clinical assessment of mobility parameters of older persons screened for cognitive impairments within a clinical setting. They may represent a useful tool for the clinician in verifying the effectiveness of interventions to alleviate the impact of mobility limitations on daily life in cognitively impaired individuals.


id: cord-258093-6fn8ei9f
author: Hanania, Nicola A.
date: 2011-08-25
txt: ./txt/cord-258093-6fn8ei9f.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-258093-6fn8ei9f.txt
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mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21872730/
doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.06.048
summary:
  The aging lung Large, longitudinal, and more complete studies to determine the effects of aging on the function of the respiratory system Improved knowledge about lung structure-function relationships in older age using techniques of imaging and measures of lung function not requiring effort (eg, high-resolution computed tomographic scanning and forced oscillation) Improved assessment of lung processes underlying airflow limitation attributable to aging versus COPD or asthma, especially in asthmatic patients who smoke Studies to examine the effects of aging in ethnic groups and the role of gender Epidemiology, effect, diagnosis, and management Determine the true prevalence and cost of asthma in the older population Develop a uniform definition of asthma to be applied to health care records that will distinguish asthma from COPD and mixed asthma/COPD Evaluate evidence-based treatment algorithms for older asthmatic patients, such as those developed by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Global Initiative For Asthma guidelines 7 Assess the effect of asthma treatment, including direct medical costs of care, indirect costs of care, and value of treatment in improving quality of life 8, 9 Assess the effect of comorbid conditions, especially COPD and congestive heart failure, on asthma 9 Characterize phenotypes of elderly asthma with regard to responses to therapy and long-term outcomes based on age of onset, duration of disease, and environmental triggers Develop algorithms for electronic medical record systems that are asthma-specific Evaluate effects of current asthma medications in older patients compared with younger patients Identify pharmacogenetic determinants of response to asthma medications in older adults Identify simpler and safer drug delivery systems and schedules for older adults Develop simple methods to differentiate COPD from asthma exacerbations in older adults

title:
  Asthma in the elderly: Current understanding and future research needs—a report of a National Institute on Aging (NIA) workshop

abstract:
  Asthma in the elderly is underdiagnosed and undertreated, and there is a paucity of knowledge on the subject. The National Institute on Aging convened this workshop to identify what is known and what gaps in knowledge remain and suggest research directions needed to improve the understanding and care of asthma in the elderly. Asthma presenting at an advanced age often has similar clinical and physiologic consequences as seen with younger patients, but comorbid illnesses and the psychosocial effects of aging might affect the diagnosis, clinical presentation, and care of asthma in this population. At least 2 phenotypes exist among elderly patients with asthma; those with longstanding asthma have more severe airflow limitation and less complete reversibility than those with late-onset asthma. Many challenges exist in the recognition and treatment of asthma in the elderly. Furthermore, the pathophysiologic mechanisms of asthma in the elderly are likely to be different from those seen in young asthmatic patients, and these differences might influence the clinical course and outcomes of asthma in this population.


id: cord-258915-lgee3ers
author: Liddle, Jennifer
date: 2020-07-31
txt: ./txt/cord-258915-lgee3ers.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-258915-lgee3ers.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32751898/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17155544
summary:
  In drawing together participants'' ideas about spaces, processes and mechanisms that might address these local challenges, we conclude the paper with implications that offer scope for further exploration and consideration in terms of how technology might support the operationalisation of local people''s ideas for improving face-to-face connections in age-friendly community settings. As described earlier, the interview data were coded to explore (a) opportunities to improve connections at a local level, i.e., factors that had the potential to impact negatively on people''s geographically proximate social relationships in terms of quality, quantity or satisfaction; and (b) participants'' engagement with technology in relation to their social lives generally. As described earlier, the interview data were coded to explore (a) opportunities to improve connections at a local level, i.e., factors that had the potential to impact negatively on people''s geographically proximate social relationships in terms of quality, quantity or satisfaction; and (b) participants'' engagement with technology in relation to their social lives generally.

title:
  Connecting at Local Level: Exploring Opportunities for Future Design of Technology to Support Social Connections in Age-friendly Communities

abstract:
  Social connectedness in later life is an important dimension of an age-friendly community, with associated implications for individual health and wellbeing. In contrast with prior efforts focusing on connections at a distance or online communities where the digital technology is the interface, we explore the design opportunities and role of technology for connectedness within a geographically local community context. We present findings from interviews with 22 older adults and a linked ideation workshop. Our analysis identified shared concerns and negative perceptions around local relationships, connections and characteristics of the geographical area. However, local connectedness through technology was largely absent from day-to-day life and even perceived as contributing to disconnection. By uncovering how older adults use and perceive technology in their social lives and combining these findings with their ideas for improving local connections, we highlight the need for thoughtful consideration of the role of technology in optimising social connections within communities. Our research highlights a need for design work to understand the specifics of the local context and reduce emphasis on technology as the interface between people. We introduce an amended definition—‘underpinned by a commitment to respect and social inclusion, an age-friendly community is engaged in a strategic and ongoing process to facilitate active ageing by optimising the community’s physical, social and digital environments and its supporting infrastructure’—to conceptualise our approach. We conclude by suggesting areas for future work in developing digitally connected age-friendly communities.


id: cord-259560-mmz5vn0q
author: Price, Sarah
date: 2020-09-09
txt: ./txt/cord-259560-mmz5vn0q.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-259560-mmz5vn0q.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1877782120301399
doi: 10.1016/j.canep.2020.101805
summary:
  We also hypothesised that the difference in time to diagnosis between New-NICE and Old-NICE groups would reduce over time, as evidence on vague cancer features emerged and was translated into practice by guidance revision [2, 15] . This serial, cross-sectional, primary-care study used UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD GOLD) with linked National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service (NCRAS, Set 15) data. Semiparametric varying-coefficient analyses were limited to cancer sites with participant numbers providing ≥90 % power at the 5 % level to detect a 14-day difference in diagnostic interval between New-NICE and Old-NICE groups. Median diagnostic intervals were longer for New-NICE than for Old-NICE participants for colorectal (70 vs 51 days), oesophageal (77 vs 55 days), and lung (139⋅5 vs 124 days) cancers; however, this difference tended to decrease or disappear over time (Fig. 3) .

title:
  Trends in time to cancer diagnosis around the period of changing national guidance on referral of symptomatic patients: A serial cross-sectional study using UK electronic healthcare records from 2006–17

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: UK primary-care referral guidance describes the signs, symptoms, and test results (“features”) of undiagnosed cancer. Guidance revision in 2015 liberalised investigation by introducing more low-risk features. We studied adults with cancer whose features were in the 2005 guidance (“Old-NICE”) or were introduced in the revision (“New-NICE”). We compared time to diagnosis between the groups, and its trend over 2006—2017. METHODS: Clinical Practice Research Datalink records were analysed for adults with incident myeloma, breast, bladder, colorectal, lung, oesophageal, ovarian, pancreatic, prostate, stomach or uterine cancers in 1/1/2006–31/12/2017. Cancer-specific features in the year before diagnosis were used to create New-NICE and Old-NICE groups. Diagnostic interval was time between the index feature and diagnosis. Semiparametric varying-coefficient analyses compared diagnostic intervals between New-NICE and Old-NICE groups over 1/1/2006–31/12/2017. RESULTS: Over all cancers (N = 83,935), median (interquartile range) Old-NICE diagnostic interval rose over 2006–2017, from 51 (20–132) to 64 (30–148) days, with increases in breast (15 vs 25 days), lung (103 vs 135 days), ovarian (65·5 vs 100 days), prostate (80 vs 93 days) and stomach (72·5 vs 102 days) cancers. Median New-NICE values were consistently longer (99, 40–212 in 2006 vs 103, 42–236 days in 2017) than Old-NICE values over all cancers. After guidance revision, New-NICE diagnostic intervals became shorter than Old-NICE values for colorectal cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Despite improvements for colorectal cancer, scope remains to reduce diagnostic intervals for most cancers. Liberalised investigation requires protecting and enhancing cancer-diagnostic services to avoid their becoming a rate-limiting step in the diagnostic pathway.


id: cord-259618-kl0aq0ut
title: The fight against COVID-19: a report from the Italian trenches
author: De Leo, Diego
date: 2020-04-20
txt: ./txt/cord-259618-kl0aq0ut.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-259618-kl0aq0ut.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1017/s1041610220000630
doi: 10.1017/s1041610220000630
abstract: nan
summary:
  On the other hand, in the present situation, caregivers of people with dementia are also exposed to extra stress: limited opportunities to offer the usual level of care; food and cleaning management more problematic; worries and concerns for the possibility of contaminating an older adult that would not survive the disease; and, in a situation like the Italian one, the many "badanti" (carers from Eastern Europe) without a regular contract (Rugolotto et al., 2017) , now impeded to reach the home of the older adults they take care of because they are intercepted by the police at check points. Unfortunately, this elementary strategy to guarantee that health professionals were sufficiently protected toward the virus was not applied with due care, and up to date the number of doctors who died from the infection during their professional activity is unbearable (109 victims, at the time of writing).


id: cord-260046-lli6mt29
title: Novel Coronavirus (COVID‐19) Epidemic: What Are the Risks for Older Patients?
author: Garnier‐Crussard, Antoine
date: 2020-03-12
txt: ./txt/cord-260046-lli6mt29.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-260046-lli6mt29.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.16407
doi: 10.1111/jgs.16407
abstract: nan
summary:
  The World Health Organization confirmed 93,090 cases of novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infections (COVID-19) worldwide on March 04, 2020. 5 Since COVID-19 seems to have a similar pathogenic potential as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, 6 older adults are likely to be at increased risk of severe infections, cascade of complications, disability, and death, as observed with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infections. 7, 8 The consequences of possible epidemics in long-term care facilities could be severe on a population of older adults who are by definition frail and immunologically naïve towards this virus, even if the risk is of course for the moment mainly theoretical. Clinical management of COVID-19 should be guided by the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention state that there is no specific antiviral treatment recommended, and patients should receive supportive care to help relieve symptoms.


id: cord-261733-kc0d5pe8
title: Why Do We Produce Anti-Gal: Evolutionary Appearance of Anti-Gal in Old World Primates
author: Galili, Uri
date: 2017-09-15
txt: ./txt/cord-261733-kc0d5pe8.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-261733-kc0d5pe8.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128133620000026
doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-813362-0.00002-6
summary:
  A present day example of a scenario in which a glycosyltransferase gene is inactivated in small human populations, and the resulting production of a natural antibody against the eliminated carbohydrate antigen is the blood group "Bombay" individuals, discussed at the end of this chapter. Epidemics by enveloped viruses presenting α-gal epitopes that were synthesized by α1,3GT of ancestral Old World primates caused the extinction of these primates, whereas offspring-lacking α-gal epitopes were protected by the natural anti-Gal antibody they produced. The antibody is unique to humans, apes, and Old World monkeys, and it binds specifically to a mammalian carbohydrate antigen called the α-gal epitope that is synthesized in nonprimate mammals, lemurs (prosimians) and New World monkeys by the glycosylation enzyme α1,3GT. The antibody is unique to humans, apes, and Old World monkeys, and it binds specifically to a mammalian carbohydrate antigen called the α-gal epitope that is synthesized in nonprimate mammals, lemurs (prosimians) and New World monkeys by the glycosylation enzyme α1,3GT.

abstract:
  The natural anti-Gal antibody is one of the multiple natural anti-carbohydrate antibodies produced in humans against a wide range of carbohydrate antigens on GI bacteria. The antibody is unique to humans, apes, and Old World monkeys, and it binds specifically to a mammalian carbohydrate antigen called the α-gal epitope that is synthesized in nonprimate mammals, lemurs (prosimians) and New World monkeys by the glycosylation enzyme α1,3GT. The α1,3GT gene (GGTA1) appeared in mammals >100 million years ago, prior to the split between marsupial and placental mammals. This gene has been conserved in its active form, in all mammals, except for Old World monkeys, apes, and humans. Inactivation of the α1,3GT gene in ancestral Old World primates occurred 20–30 million years ago and could have been associated with epidemics of enveloped viruses in the Eurasia-Africa continent. It is suggested that prior to such epidemics, few ancestral Old World primates acquired deletion point mutations that inactivated the α1,3GT gene and eliminated α-gal epitopes. This resulted in loss of immune tolerance to the α-gal epitope and thus, in production of the anti-Gal antibody against antigens on bacteria colonizing the GI tract. This accidental inactivation of the α1,3GT gene in very small populations is analogous to the highly rare blood type “Bombay” individuals who do not synthesize blood group H (O antigen) because of inactivation of the α1,2-fucosyltransferase gene. The loss of immune tolerance to blood group H antigen has resulted in production of natural anti-blood group H antibodies in the blood group Bombay individuals. It is suggested that anti-Gal protected against infections by enveloped viruses presenting α-gal epitopes, which were lethal to the parental primate populations that conserved active α1,3GT and thus, synthesized α-gal epitopes. Alternative causes for the elimination of Old World primates synthesizing α-gal epitopes could be bacteria or protozoa parasites presenting α-gal or α-gal-like epitopes, and bacterial toxins, or detrimental viruses that used α-gal epitopes in these primates as “docking receptors.” Ultimately, any of these proposed selective processes could result in extinction of Old World primates synthesizing α-gal epitopes on their cells. These ancestral primates were replaced by offspring populations lacking α-gal epitopes and producing the anti-Gal antibody, which continues to be produced by Old World monkeys, apes, and humans. New World monkeys and lemurs were protected from pathogens of the Old World by oceanic barriers, thus they continue to synthesize α-gal epitopes and lack the ability to produce the anti-Gal antibody. This scenario of few individuals in a large population having a mutation(s) that inactivates a glycosyltransferase gene thus, resulting in production of evolutionary advantageous natural antibodies against the eliminated carbohydrate antigen, may reflect one of the mechanisms inducing changes in the carbohydrate profile of various mammalian populations.


id: cord-265655-s5c7r6ix
author: Krendl, Anne C
date: 2020-08-11
txt: ./txt/cord-265655-s5c7r6ix.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-265655-s5c7r6ix.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaa110
doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa110
summary:
  OBJECTIVES: We examined whether social isolation due to the COVID-19 shelter-in-place orders was associated with greater loneliness and depression for older adults, and, if so, whether declines in social engagement or relationship strength moderated that relationship. Because loneliness negatively affects older adults'' mental and physical health Luo et al., 2012) , the current study examined whether subjective isolation (loneliness) increased under the shelter-in-place orders and, if so, whether this predicted increased depression. One possibility is that social engagement, notably spending less time with their personal social networks during the shelter-in-place orders, would exacerbate the relationship between loneliness and depression among older adults (Hypothesis 2a). To account for potential individual differences in depression, we examined a population of older adults who had completed measures of their personal social networks, mental health, and loneliness 6-9 months prior to the COVID-19 pandemic and again during the pandemic.

title:
  The Impact of Sheltering in Place During the COVID-19 Pandemic on Older Adults’ Social and Mental Well-Being

abstract:
  OBJECTIVES: We examined whether social isolation due to the COVID-19 shelter-in-place orders was associated with greater loneliness and depression for older adults, and, if so, whether declines in social engagement or relationship strength moderated that relationship. METHODS: Between April 21 and May 21, 2020, 93 older adults in the United States who had completed measures characterizing their personal social networks, subjective loneliness, and depression 6–9 months prior to the pandemic completed the same measures via phone interview, as well as questions about the impact of the pandemic on their social relationships. RESULTS: Older adults reported higher depression and greater loneliness following the onset of the pandemic. Loneliness positively predicted depression. Perceived relationship strength, but not social engagement, moderated this relationship such that loneliness only predicted depression for individuals who became closer to their networks during the pandemic. For those who felt less close, depression was higher irrespective of loneliness. DISCUSSION: The COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected older adults’ mental health and social well-being in the short term. Potential long-term impacts are considered.


id: cord-265830-6shiocwr
author: Frost, Rachael
date: 2020-05-25
txt: ./txt/cord-265830-6shiocwr.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-265830-6shiocwr.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32553491/
doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.05.038
summary:
  Phone-based support may be particularly applicable to a population with 23 less internet and computer access, and may improve adherence to independent exercise therapies also showed comparable effects to face-to-face delivery with similar numbers of people 26 completing sessions (49/56 vs 54/63). 4 One systematic review found that mobile health technologies 27 for older people are more acceptable when they facilitate communication with a healthcare provider 28 rather than disrupt it, 7 and a cohort study found that frail older people using teleassistance at home 29 who took up additional specialist telecounselling were almost twice as likely to complete the study 30 Home-based video exercise intervention for 56 community-dwelling frail older women: A randomized controlled trial User experience, 59 actual use, and effectiveness of an information communication technology-supported home 60 exercise program for pre-frail older adults

title:
  Using remote interventions in promoting the health of frail older persons following the COVID-19 lockdown: challenges and solutions

abstract:
  In light of the Covid-19 pandemic, many older people across the world are being asked to self-isolate to protect their health. This has led to a rapid reconfiguration of health promotion services, which are diverse in focus, and may include exercise, dietary interventions or psychosocial interventions, towards remote delivery, for example by phone or using computers. Whilst currently they are unable to be safely delivered any other way, there are concerns that these remote interventions may replace face-to-face interventions beyond the end of social restrictions. We advocate caution with taking this forward, particularly for frailer older people.


id: cord-266239-l0ulr2ep
author: Freeman, Shannon
date: 2020-08-07
txt: ./txt/cord-266239-l0ulr2ep.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-266239-l0ulr2ep.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32784651/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17165711
summary:
  Participants referenced younger family members as having introduced them to, and having taught them how to use, technologies such as digital devices, computers, and social networking sites. A particular gap in knowledge exists regarding the role of intergenerational elements in motivating older adults to learn how to use technology and associated ICTs. Across the globe, societies are aging rapidly due to increased life expectancy as a result of better health and social care, and lower birth rates [4] . The challenges to acquiring new technology skills and strategies for connecting with younger generations to overcome them suggest the importance of intergenerational influences on older adults'' understanding and use of technology, which must be further explored. Our study revealed findings similar to those noted above but for multiple digital technologies, which suggests a more universal and generalizable use of technologies among older adults to increase intergenerational family social interactions as a "digital gathering place".

title:
  Intergenerational Effects on the Impacts of Technology Use in Later Life: Insights from an International, Multi-Site Study

abstract:
  As the use of technology becomes further integrated into the daily lives of all persons, including older adults, it is important to investigate how the perceptions and use of technology intersect with intergenerational relationships. Based on the international multi-centered study Technology In Later Life (TILL), this paper emphasizes the perceptions of older adults and the interconnection between technology and intergenerational relationships are integral to social connectedness with others. Participants from rural and urban sites in Canada and the UK (n = 37) completed an online survey and attended a focus group. Descriptive and thematic analyses suggest that older adults are not technologically adverse and leverage intergenerational relationships with family and friends to adjust to new technologies and to remain connected to adult children and grandchildren, especially when there is high geographic separation between them. Participants referenced younger family members as having introduced them to, and having taught them how to use, technologies such as digital devices, computers, and social networking sites. The intergenerational support in the adoption of new technologies has important implications for helping older persons to remain independent and to age in place, in both age-friendly cities and in rural communities. The findings contribute to the growing literature in the fields of gerontology and gerontechnology on intergenerational influences and the impacts of technology use in later life and suggest the flexibility and willingness of older persons to adopt to new technologies as well as the value of intergenerational relationships for overcoming barriers to technology adoption.


id: cord-269716-x3b0qphd
title: Problem solving flexibility across early development
author: Hopper, Lydia M.
date: 2020-08-26
txt: ./txt/cord-269716-x3b0qphd.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-269716-x3b0qphd.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0022096520304203
doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2020.104966
summary:
  For all children and action sequences used, in the first trial of Phase 2, 7 of the 20 2year-olds (35.00%), 14 of the 22 3-year-olds (63.64%), and 13 of the 19 4-year-olds (68.42%) used the (newly available) most efficient method (i.e., they removed only the lower two of five straws from the tube), highlighting their recognition of the changed task demands. In spite of this, after correcting for multiple comparisons, post hoc pairwise comparisons revealed no significant difference across age groups when comparing the numbers of children whose responses in the first trial of Phase 2 responses were efficient: 4-year-olds versus 2year-olds, t(35.92) = À2.41, p = .021, 95% CI [À0.68, À0.06]; 4-year-olds versus 3-year-olds, Considering all 4 trials that children completed in Phase 2, on average children removed significantly fewer straws per trial in Phase 2 than they did in Phase 1, highlighting their understanding of the changed task demands.

abstract:
  Cognitive flexibility allows individuals to adapt to novel situations. However, this ability appears to develop slowly over the first few years of life, mediated by task complexity and opacity. We used a physically simple novel task, previously tested with nonhuman primates, to explore the development of flexible problem solving in 2-, 3-, and 4-year-old children from a developmental and comparative perspective. The task goal was to remove barriers (straws) from a clear tube to release a ball. The location of the ball, and therefore the number of straws necessary to retrieve it, varied across two test phases (four of five straws and two of five straws, respectively). In Test Phase 1, all children retrieved the ball in Trial 1 and 83.61% used the most efficient method (removing only straws below the ball). Across Phase 1 trials, 4-year-olds were significantly more efficient than 2-year-olds, and solve latency decreased for all age groups. Test Phase 2 altered the location of the ball, allowing us to explore whether children could flexibly adopt a more efficient solution when their original (now inefficient) solution remained available. In Phase 2, significantly more 4-year-olds than 2-year-olds were efficient; the older children showed greater competency with the task and were more flexible to changing task demands than the younger children. Interestingly, no age group was as flexible in Phase 2 as previously tested nonhuman primates, potentially related to their relatively reduced task exploration in Phase 1. Therefore, this causally clear task revealed changes in cognitive flexibility across both early childhood and species.


id: cord-273612-o746vjrn
title: Mobility scooters in urban environments: A research agenda
author: Isaacson, Michal
date: 2020-09-30
txt: ./txt/cord-273612-o746vjrn.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-273612-o746vjrn.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2020.100917
doi: 10.1016/j.jth.2020.100917
summary:
  The growing prevalence of mobility scooters as a mode of transportation has the potential to not only affect the lives of older adults who use them but to impact urban environments at large as well as have implications for the safety of pedestrians and of other vehicle users. Results We propose three areas of research that focus on mobility scooter use by older people: (1) research involving users – impacts on older people employing mobility scooters; (2) studying the impact on urban space public spaces and passageways used as travel routes, the barriers impeding travel and lack of appropriate parking solutions in the urban environment; and (3) issues of safety mobility scooter driving and travel regulations and infrastructure design regulations. These include: the impacts on those who adopt mobility scooters into their lifestyle, potential implications for urban and transportation planning, and impacts on enacting laws and regulations pertaining to the safety of those operating and riding mobility scooters, as well as those surrounding them.

abstract:
  Abstract Introduction As our society ages, mobility scooters are a fast-growing mode of transportation. The growing prevalence of mobility scooters as a mode of transportation has the potential to not only affect the lives of older adults who use them but to impact urban environments at large as well as have implications for the safety of pedestrians and of other vehicle users. Goal The goal of this paper is to explore the gaps in the existing literature regarding mobility scooters, laying out key areas for future research. Results We propose three areas of research that focus on mobility scooter use by older people: (1) research involving users – impacts on older people employing mobility scooters; (2) studying the impact on urban space - public spaces and passageways used as travel routes, the barriers impeding travel and lack of appropriate parking solutions in the urban environment; and (3) issues of safety - mobility scooter driving and travel regulations and infrastructure design regulations. Discussion Addressing these gaps in knowledge has the potential to contribute to the social and physical sustainability of future urban environments as well as to the wellbeing of older adults.


id: cord-274858-rx7dlpid
author: Payne, Brian K.
date: 2020-06-06
txt: ./txt/cord-274858-rx7dlpid.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-274858-rx7dlpid.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12103-020-09532-6
doi: 10.1007/s12103-020-09532-6
summary:
  title: Criminals Work from Home during Pandemics Too: a Public Health Approach to Respond to Fraud and Crimes against those 50 and above In particular, crimes typically targeting older adults include fraud, elder abuse, and patient abuse. With grandparent scams, offenders tell older persons that their children or grandchildren are facing a coronavirus emergency and funds are needed to help their offspring. Table 4 shows the age patterns with specific coronavirus frauds where victims mentioned the pandemic in filing their report to the Federal Trade Commission through April 23, 2020. Interestingly, the risk and protective factors for the victimization of older adults align closely with the direct consequences of COVID-19, suggesting that for some types of crimes and age groups, the risk of crime actually increased. As well, a strategy used by the Federal Trade Commission is blogging about coronavirus to share information about fraud risks for older adults.

title:
  Criminals Work from Home during Pandemics Too: a Public Health Approach to Respond to Fraud and Crimes against those 50 and above

abstract:
  This paper uses the public health framework to address the apparent impact of the coronavirus on the victimization experiences with a specific focus given to those over the age of 50. The bulk of attention is given to fraud victimization, with consideration also given to parent abuse, partner violence, and patient abuse. A review of data from the Federal Trade Commission shows that reports of most types of fraud grew significantly in the first three months of 2020 in comparison to the same time period in 2019. Differences between fraud experiences based on age are considered. Older persons lost much more to fraud than younger persons, and far more in 2020 than 2019. In addition, they reported being targeted more often for certain types of cybercrime (i.e., tech support scams). While devastating to everyone, it is concluded that the coronavirus will potentially have a more significant impact on the financial health of older persons than younger persons. It is concluded that minimizing the consequences of all forms of crimes targeting older adults will be best achieved by using a public health approach.


id: cord-278423-tluo3ztc
author: Strozza, Cosmo
date: 2020-08-15
txt: ./txt/cord-278423-tluo3ztc.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-278423-tluo3ztc.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01689-3
doi: 10.1186/s12877-020-01689-3
summary:
  METHODS: Latent Class Analysis with covariates was applied to the Mugello Study data to identify health profiles among the 504 nonagenarians residing in the Mugello district (Tuscany, Italy) and to evaluate the association between socioeconomic characteristics and the health profiles resulting from the analysis. RESULTS: This study highlights four groups labeled according to the posterior probability of determining a certain health characteristic: "healthy", "physically healthy with cognitive impairment", "unhealthy", and "severely unhealthy". To capture the heterogeneity of health status and evaluate the social disparities among individuals, researchers suggest the use of latent class analysis (LCA) as a person-centered approach [11] [12] [13] . To capture the heterogeneity of the health status among the oldest-old individuals, we supposed that Mugello''s nonagenarians could belong to unobserved or latent classes according to their health characteristics.

title:
  Health profiles and socioeconomic characteristics of nonagenarians residing in Mugello, a rural area in Tuscany (Italy)

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Health, as defined by the WHO, is a multidimensional concept that includes different aspects. Interest in the health conditions of the oldest-old has increased as a consequence of the phenomenon of population aging. This study investigates whether (1) it is possible to identify health profiles among the oldest-old, taking into account physical, emotional and psychological information about health, and (2) there are demographic and socioeconomic differences among the health profiles. METHODS: Latent Class Analysis with covariates was applied to the Mugello Study data to identify health profiles among the 504 nonagenarians residing in the Mugello district (Tuscany, Italy) and to evaluate the association between socioeconomic characteristics and the health profiles resulting from the analysis. RESULTS: This study highlights four groups labeled according to the posterior probability of determining a certain health characteristic: “healthy”, “physically healthy with cognitive impairment”, “unhealthy”, and “severely unhealthy”. Some demographic and socioeconomic characteristics were found to be associated with the final groups: older nonagenarians are more likely to be in worse health conditions; men are in general healthier than women; more educated individuals are less likely to be in extremely poor health conditions, while the lowest-educated are more likely to be cognitively impaired; and office or intellectual workers are less likely to be in poor health conditions than are farmers. CONCLUSIONS: Considering multiple dimensions of health to determine health profiles among the oldest-old could help to better evaluate their care needs according to their health status.


id: cord-279631-1hlrx7o4
title: CHINA''S OLDEST CORONAVIRUS SURVIVORS
author: Huang, Yan‐Mei
date: 2020-04-08
txt: ./txt/cord-279631-1hlrx7o4.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-279631-1hlrx7o4.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32266960/
doi: 10.1111/jgs.16462
abstract: nan
summary:
  A 103-year-old woman who had a confirmed positive DOI: 10.1111/jgs.16462 nucleic acid test result for COVID-19 on March 1 was admitted to the Li-Yuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology. 5 Considering her critically ill condition, she and her 55-year-old daughter, who also had the virus, were transferred to an intensive care unit in a makeshift hospital on the evening of February 13; they were discharged on March 1. However, in view of the public health consequences of COVID-19, nursing homes now refer all patients with fever and respiratory symptoms to acute hospitals to rule out the virus. All nursing home patients admitted to our institution with acute respiratory infections are isolated in negative pressure rooms and tested once for COVID-19 if the clinical suspicion is low. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan 98-year-old COVID-19 patient discharged from hospital


id: cord-281344-iswbgqqe
title: Perioperative telemonitoring of older adults with cancer: Can we connect them all?
author: Jonker, Leonie T.
date: 2020-09-04
txt: ./txt/cord-281344-iswbgqqe.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-281344-iswbgqqe.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1879406820304227
doi: 10.1016/j.jgo.2020.08.008
summary:
  MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort study with older patients (≥ 65 years) undergoing cancer-related surgery, who were identified for a perioperative telemonitoring study. This study is a retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort study with older patients undergoing cancer-related surgery, who were identified for a perioperative telemonitoring study (Netherlands trial registration number: NL 8253) [19] . The twelve patients who were discharged to an SNF were significantly older (mean age 79.0 versus 73.6 years old [p = 0.01]), had a higher ASA classification (ASA 3-4 58% versus 29% [p = 0.05]), used more medication (% polypharmacy 92% versus 50% [p = 0.00]) and were more often living alone or in a nursing home before surgery (50% versus 30%, 17% versus 0% [p = 0.00]). The main barriers to older adults'' participation in a perioperative telemonitoring study were lack of internet access at home, digital illiteracy, and a perceived high mental burden.

abstract:
  OBJECTIVES: Although the increasing cancer incidence in older patients is widely recognised, older patients remain underrepresented in clinical cancer trials and eHealth studies. The aim of this research is to identify technological and patient-related barriers to inclusion of this population in a clinical eHealth study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort study with older patients (≥ 65 years) undergoing cancer-related surgery, who were identified for a perioperative telemonitoring study. Reasons for ineligibility and refusal had been prospectively registered. Characteristics and postoperative outcomes were compared between participants and non-participants. RESULTS: Between May 2018 and March 2020, 151 patients were assessed for eligibility, resulting in 65 participants and 86 non-participants. The main reason for ineligibility was lack of internet access at home (n = 16), while main reasons for refusal were perceived high mental burden (n = 46) and insufficient digital skills (n = 12). Compared with participants, non-participants were significantly older (mean age 75 vs. 73, p = 0.01); more often female (64% vs. 35%, p = 0.00), unmarried (42% vs. 8%, p = 0.01) living alone (38% vs. 19%, p = 0.02); had a higher ASA classification (43% vs. 19%, p = 0.00); often had polypharmacy (67% vs. 43%, p = 0.00); and were more often discharged to skilled nursing facilities (0% vs. 15%, p = 0.00). CONCLUSION: Our results confirm the underrepresentation of older female patients with little support from a partner and higher comorbidity. We should be aware of technological and patient-related barriers to including older adults with cancer, in order to avoid further dividing patients with low and high digital health literacy.


id: cord-281877-r1y1hz4q
author: Lavretsky, Helen
date: 2020-08-11
txt: ./txt/cord-281877-r1y1hz4q.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-281877-r1y1hz4q.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32878731/
doi: 10.1016/j.jagp.2020.08.002
abstract: nan
summary:
  have been a big part of my spiritual journey focused on seeking to understand the true nature of human mental and emotional suffering and resilience, where all life events are assumed to provide valuable lessons and "silver linings" that ensure individual and collective evolution of consciousness. I also learned to use the intervention studies to understand brain mechanisms of treatment response, while developing novel pharmacological and behavioral interventions and mastering advanced research tools like neuroimaging, genetics, inflammatory markers (9) (10) (11) (12) . We hope to empower our patients to take control of their own health and learn resilience-building tools to allow for self-regulation during these difficult times and for stress-related psychiatric disorders. However, providing patients with the ability to learn about their own strengths and utilize their lifestyle choices and spirituality to improve treatment outcomes is another powerful therapeutic and preventive approach to neuropsychiatric diseases of late life, such as depression, caregiver stress and dementia.

title:
  Scientific Autobiography of a Spiritual Seeker in the Year of Hindsight''s 20/20.: “Was I deceived, or did a sable cloud Turn forth her silver lining on the night?” John Milton “Comus” (1634)


id: cord-283779-mudwcypl
author: Lauretani, Fulvio
date: 2020-05-11
txt: ./txt/cord-283779-mudwcypl.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-283779-mudwcypl.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32420939/
doi: 10.23750/abm.v91i2.9629
summary:
  The chronic increase in inflammatory cytokines, augmented by COVID-19 infection, may explain the higher tendency for "the cascade leading to pulmonary fibrosis and insufficiency and activation of clotting" and poorer clinical prognosis, especially in multimorbid older persons (4) . In case of persistent fever, higher than 37.5°C for a time longer than 3 days and peripheral oxygen level lower than 95% after starting therapy, we should consider and proceed to hospitalization especially in multimorbid older patients with cardiac, respiratory diseases and diabetes. First, patients at risk for poor outcomes and higher mortality following infection with SARS-CoV-2, namely older adults and multimorbid individuals, should be checked for malnutrition through screening and assessment. Older patients infected by COVID-19 often experience atypical and less severe symptoms in older persons, side-effects of the drugs and require specific nutritional and motor treatment for avoiding disability and death.

title:
  Assessment and treatment of older individuals with COVID-19 multi-system disease: clinical and ethical implications

abstract:
  Covid-19 infection is a multisystem disease more frequent in older individuals, especially in those with multiple chronic diseases. This multimorbid and frail population requires attention and a personalized comprehensive assessment in order to avoid the occurrence of adverse outcomes. As other diseases, the COVID-19 presentation in older patients is often atypical with less severe and unspecific symptoms. These subjects both at home and during hospitalization suffer isolation and the lack of support of caregivers. The geriatric care in COVID-19 wards is often missing. The application of additional instruments would be necessary to facilitate and personalize the clinical approach, not only based on diseases but also on functional status. This narrative review starts from diagnostic evaluation, continues with adapted pharmacologic treatment and ends with the recovery phase targeting the nutrition and physical exercise. We developed a check-list of respiratory, gastro-intestinal and other less-specific symptoms, summarized in a table and easily to be filled-up by patients, nurses and general practitioners. As second step, we reported the clinical phases of this disease. Far to be considered just viral infective and respiratory, this disease is also an inflammatory and thrombotic condition with frequent bacterial over-infection. We finally considered timing and selection of treatment, which depend on the disease phase, co-administration of other drugs and require the monitoring of renal, liver and cardiac function. This underlines the role of age not just as a limitation, but also an opportunity to increase the quality and the appropriateness of multidisciplinary and multidimensional intervention in this population. (www.actabiomedica.it)


id: cord-284595-0mlwp05f
title: Primary Prevention Statins in Older Patients: The Good News or the Bad News First?
author: Kirkpatrick, James N.
date: 2020-07-07
txt: ./txt/cord-284595-0mlwp05f.txt
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extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.05.024
doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.05.024
abstract: [Figure: see text]
summary:
  key: cord-284595-0mlwp05f authors: Kirkpatrick, James N.; Bernacki, Gwen M. title: Primary Prevention Statins in Older Patients: The Good News or the Bad News First? date: 2020-07-07 journal: J Am Coll Cardiol DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.05.024 sha: doc_id: 284595 cord_uid: 0mlwp05f [Figure: see text] It is also relatively old news that statins reduce adverse cardiovascular outcomes, but it remains unclear whether this reduction applies to older adults. where appropriate. For more information, visit the JACC author instructions page. Association of statin use with disability-free survival and cardiovascular disease among healthy older adults Effect of aspirin on disability-free survival in the healthy elderly Effect of aspirin on cardiovascular events and bleeding in the healthy elderly Deprescribing in older adults with cardiovascular disease


id: cord-285521-lvzdmtun
author: Olagundoye, Olawunmi
date: 2020-08-11
txt: ./txt/cord-285521-lvzdmtun.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-285521-lvzdmtun.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32787399/
doi: 10.4102/phcfm.v12i1.2512
summary:
  title: Recommendations for a national Coronavirus disease 2019 response guideline for the care of older persons in Nigeria during and post-pandemic: A family physician''s perspective Based on currently available information, older persons and people of any age who have serious underlying medical conditions may be at higher risk of severe illness from COVID-19. Based on currently available information, older persons and people of any age who have serious underlying medical conditions may be at higher risk of severe illness from COVID-19. Keywords: COVID-19; the elderly; prevention; national health policy; older persons. 6. Inclusion of the older persons/senior citizens amongst the selected population groups that deserve specific guidelines on the NCDC website addressing their peculiar needs during the COVID-19 pandemic. We must revise our practices around the care of older persons during this pandemic, both clinically and socially, to ensure that our most vulnerable populations are protected.

title:
  Recommendations for a national Coronavirus disease 2019 response guideline for the care of older persons in Nigeria during and post-pandemic: A family physician’s perspective

abstract:
  The older persons in our society are a special group of people in need of additional measures of care and protection. They have medical, financial, emotional and social needs. The novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) only exacerbates those needs. COVID-19 is a new disease, and there is limited information regarding the disease. Based on currently available information, older persons and people of any age who have serious underlying medical conditions may be at higher risk of severe illness from COVID-19. Family physicians provide care for individuals across their lifespan. Because geriatricians are internists or family physicians with post-residency training in geriatric medicine, they are major stakeholders in geriatric care. The authors are concerned about the absence of a COVID-19 response guideline/special advisory targeting the vulnerable population of older adults. The management and response to COVID-19 will be implemented in part based on the local context of available resources. Nigeria has been described as a resource-constrained nation. Infection prevention in older persons in Nigeria will far outweigh the possibilities of treatment given limited resources. The aim was to recommend actionable strategies to prevent COVID-19-related morbidity or mortality among older persons in Nigeria and to promote their overall well-being during and after the pandemic. These recommendations cut across the geriatric medicine domains of physical health, mental health, functioning ability and socio-environmental situation.


id: cord-288392-khjo6j8u
author: Davern, Melanie
date: 2020-10-21
txt: ./txt/cord-288392-khjo6j8u.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-288392-khjo6j8u.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207685
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17207685
summary:
  This paper provides a quantifiable spatial indicators framework to assess local lived environments according to each Age-Friendly Cities and Communities (AFC) domain. The spatial measures used to assess this included: walkability (with and without footpaths); access to public open space; access to public transport; housing affordability; housing diversity; government owned dwellings (social housing); access to services for older people; libraries; universities of the 3rd Age; places of worship; volunteering; households with internet access; aged care facilities; and access to General Practitioners. Objective spatial measures of the lived environment are critical for the following reasons: to simplify assessments of AFC; to provide a foundation level of knowledge about the age-friendliness of an environment; to assist local and state government planning by informing and monitoring future actions and interventions needed to promote healthy ageing in communities; and to include older people into targets of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals and the New Urban Agenda.

title:
  How Can the Lived Environment Support Healthy Ageing? A Spatial Indicators Framework for the Assessment of Age-Friendly Communities

abstract:
  The Age-Friendly Cities and Communities Guide was released by the World Health Organization over a decade ago with the aim of creating environments that support healthy ageing. The comprehensive framework includes the domains of outdoor spaces and buildings, transportation, housing, social participation, respect and inclusion, civic participation and employment, communication and information, and community and health services. A major critique of the age-friendly community movement has argued for a more clearly defined scope of actions, the need to measure or quantify results and increase the connections to policy and funding levers. This paper provides a quantifiable spatial indicators framework to assess local lived environments according to each Age-Friendly Cities and Communities (AFC) domain. The selection of these AFC spatial indicators can be applied within local neighbourhoods, census tracts, suburbs, municipalities, or cities with minimal resource requirements other than applied spatial analysis, which addresses past critiques of the Age-Friendly Community movement. The framework has great potential for applications within local, national, and international policy and planning contexts in the future.


id: cord-288479-ti9x8p6m
author: Cobo, Antonio
date: 2020-10-14
txt: ./txt/cord-288479-ti9x8p6m.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-288479-ti9x8p6m.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/s20205813
doi: 10.3390/s20205813
summary:
  In calibration mode, the readings from the accelerometer in the device are used to compute the thigh angle in both a sitting and an upright static posture, as a measurement of the subject''s mobility constraints; then, the parameters in the automatic count algorithm are set accordingly to a personalized value. Our processing algorithm runs on board the Arduino, and is responsible for collecting the accelerometer readings, computing the estimations of the thigh angle over time, and analyzing the resulting signal to automatically detect and count SiSt and StSi transitions in real time, without storing or transmitting the individual samples. The system comprises a low-cost sensor that automatically detects and counts sit-to-stand (SiSt) transitions in real time, and a home care application that guides older people through the whole procedure. The system comprises a low-cost sensor that automatically detects and counts sit-to-stand (SiSt) transitions in real time, and a home care application that guides older people through the whole procedure.

title:
  Automatic and Real-Time Computation of the 30-Seconds Chair-Stand Test without Professional Supervision for Community-Dwelling Older Adults

abstract:
  The present paper describes a system for older people to self-administer the 30-s chair stand test (CST) at home without supervision. The system comprises a low-cost sensor to count sit-to-stand (SiSt) transitions, and an Android application to guide older people through the procedure. Two observational studies were conducted to test (i) the sensor in a supervised environment (n = 7; m = 83.29 years old, sd = 4.19; 5 female), and (ii) the complete system in an unsupervised one (n = 7; age 64–74 years old; 3 female). The participants in the supervised test were asked to perform a 30-s CST with the sensor, while a member of the research team manually counted valid transitions. Automatic and manual counts were perfectly correlated (Pearson’s r = 1, p = 0.00). Even though the sample was small, none of the signals around the critical score were affected by harmful noise; p (harmless noise) = 1, 95% CI = (0.98, 1). The participants in the unsupervised test used the system in their homes for a month. None of them dropped out, and they reported it to be easy to use, comfortable, and easy to understand. Thus, the system is suitable to be used by older adults in their homes without professional supervision.


id: cord-292878-wbfi0v2x
author: Merchant, Reshma A.
date: 2020-05-13
txt: ./txt/cord-292878-wbfi0v2x.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-292878-wbfi0v2x.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32410820/
doi: 10.1007/s12603-020-1387-3
abstract: nan
summary:
  Geriatricians worldwide continue to face different challenges including the reduction of the number of specialist geriatric units to augment manpower in managing COVID-19 patients (1, 2). While a lot of the resources are being channelled to manage the increasing numbers of COVID-19 patients, frail older adults with multimorbidity continue to be admitted with very complex needs. Patients admitted to NUH are primarily those with fever and / or fulfilling the Singapore Ministry of Health case definition of COVID-19 requiring isolation or specialist input, while the rest of the patients are transferred to a nearby hospital which is part of the same cluster. Prior to the circuit breaker measures, we had a large group of older adults participating in Healthy Ageing Promotion Program For You (HAPPY) dual task exercise in the community. The presence of the geriatrician across settings from acute hospitals to the community is important in ensuring that older adults receive the best care and are not marginalised during the COVID-19 wave.

title:
  The Role of a Geriatrician has Become Even More Important in an Academic Institution during COVID-19


id: cord-294115-7t7kubf6
author: Miralles, Oriol
date: 2020-10-15
txt: ./txt/cord-294115-7t7kubf6.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-294115-7t7kubf6.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33057981/
doi: 10.1007/s41999-020-00415-x
summary:
  The information collected from the six national reports was pulled together and discussed following the key priorities for action outlined in the UN Policy Brief: (1) Right to health and the participation in the decision-making process; (2) Social inclusion and solidarity under conditions of physical distancing; (3) Necessity of adequate, correctly funded care and support services for older adults; and (4) Need to expand participation by older adults, share good practice and harness knowledge and data [4] . In the Frenchspeaking region, the "Plan d''Urgence Hospitalier" was launched on 14th March and focused on ensuring distribution of hospital equipment, including personal protective equipment (PPE), and human resources (e.g., by reduction/ Impact of COVID-19 on health inequity: On 25th May, Belgium had reported 5734 people with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in long-term care facilities (LTCF).

title:
  Unmet needs, health policies, and actions during the COVID-19 pandemic: a report from six European countries

abstract:
  PURPOSE: The United Nations (UN) has published a Policy Brief on the impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) that identifies policies and responses to protect older adults. Our objective was to summarize actions, health policies and clinical guidelines adopted by six European countries (Belgium, France, Italy, Poland, Spain and United Kingdom) during the pandemic, and to assess the impact of national policies on reducing adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in older populations. METHODS: Reports by geriatricians on the measures and actions undertaken by governmental institutions in each country between March and July 2020, as well as the role of primary care during the pandemic, covered three areas: (a) general health strategies related to the pandemic; (b) impact of COVID-19 on health inequity; and (c) initiatives and challenges for the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. RESULTS: In the six countries, COVID-19 mortality in nursing homes ranged from 26 to 66%. Although all countries endorsed the World Health Organization general recommendations, the reports identified the lack of harmonized European guidelines and policies for nursing homes, with competencies transferred to national (or regional) governments. All countries restricted visits in nursing homes, but no specific action plans were provided. The role of primary care was limited by the centralization of the crisis in hospital settings. CONCLUSIONS: The older population has been greatly affected by COVID-19 and by the policies initiated to control its spread. The right to health and dignity are transgenerational; chronological age should not be the sole criterion in policy decisions.


id: cord-303131-hnfu49x7
title: Considerations for Mitigation of the Psychological Impacts of COVID-19 in Older Adults
author: Shaygan, Maryam
date: 2020-07-17
txt: ./txt/cord-303131-hnfu49x7.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-303131-hnfu49x7.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32656280/
doi: 10.30476/ijcbnm.2020.86362.1340
abstract: nan
summary:
  Therefore, stakeholders and health policymakers should take measures to prevent the potential mental health problems that might arise in older adults who are quarantined during the COVID-19 outbreak. Here are some suggestions to help mitigate the consequences of quarantine among Shaygan M, Bahadori F ijcbnm.sums.ac.ir older adults: Moreover, Internet-based services, smartphones, social media (e.g. WhatsApp), and electronic books are not widely available to older adults. Therefore, governments and community-based health services should provide enough information about the disease via mass media, such as radio and television, which are most accessible to the elderly. Health services must also communicate adequate information to older adults in quarantine about what to do in the case of developing illness symptoms. Some strategies that stakeholders and health policy-makers should implement to provide effective services to older adults who are quarantined at home during the COVID-19 pandemic are suggested in the present article. Mental health services for older adults in China during the COVID-19 outbreak


id: cord-305743-rnfn6opa
title: Innovations in Geroscience to enhance mobility in older adults
author: Anton, Stephen D.
date: 2020-10-22
txt: ./txt/cord-305743-rnfn6opa.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-305743-rnfn6opa.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S053155652030471X?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111123
summary:
  Aging is the primary risk factor for functional decline; thus, understanding and preventing disability among older adults has emerged as an important public health challenge of the 21st century. Given the aging US population, the disproportionately high prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in older adults is a significant public health concern, as it substantially increases the risk for cardiovascular disease J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Journal Pre-proof (CVD) [27] [28] [29] [30] and is associated with increased all-cause mortality, disability, CVD mortality, myocardial infarction, and stroke [31] . Age-related life changes that increase susceptibility to social isolation and loneliness includes changes in health status limiting functioning and mobility; changes in family structure (divorce, childless); death of friends, family members, and spouse; auditory and visual changes reducing the ability to communicate and interact; and resource reductions including healthcare access and quality of care [135] .

abstract:
  Aging is the primary risk factor for functional decline; thus, understanding and preventing disability among older adults has emerged as an important public health challenge of the 21st century. The science of gerontology – or geroscience - has the practical purpose of “adding life to the years.” The overall goal of geroscience is to increase healthspan, which refers to extending the portion of the lifespan in which the individual experiences enjoyment, satisfaction, and wellness. An important facet of this goal is preserving mobility, defined as the ability to move independently. Despite this clear purpose, this has proven to be a challenging endeavor as mobility and function in later life are influenced by a complex interaction of factors across multiple domains. Moreover, findings over the past decade have highlighted the complexity of walking and how targeting multiple systems, including the brain and sensory organs, as well as the environment in which a person lives, can have a dramatic effect on an older person's mobility and function. For these reasons, behavioral interventions that incorporate complex walking tasks and other activities of daily living appear to be especially helpful for improving mobility function. Other pharmaceutical interventions, such as oxytocin, and complementary and alternative interventions, such as massage therapy, may enhance physical function both through direct effects on biological mechanisms related to mobility, as well as indirectly through modulation of cognitive and socioemotional processes. Thus, the purpose of the present review is to describe evolving interventional approaches to enhance mobility and maintain healthspan in the growing population of older adults in the United States and countries throughout the world. Such interventions are likely to be greatly assisted by technological advances and the widespread adoption of virtual communications during and after the COVID-19 era.


id: cord-306210-ny3vvu9h
author: Clarfield, A. Mark
date: 2020-11-12
txt: ./txt/cord-306210-ny3vvu9h.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-306210-ny3vvu9h.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33183358/
doi: 10.1186/s13584-020-00416-y
summary:
  Furthermore, advancing age (from about 60 on), even in those older persons without any accompanying illnesses, is a strong and independent risk factor for pneumonia, need for an ICU bed and death from the virus. Recommendations include the Ministry of Health publishing clear guidelines as to risk factors and offering sensible advice on how to practice physical (not "social") distancing without exacerbating an older person''s sense of social isolation. Although we are dealing with a fast and erratically moving target, with the present situation in mind this paper will elucidate relevant issues and offer policy recommendations germane to when and how older persons can minimize risk and at some point in the future return to their pre-COVID-19 routine in Israel. A step-by-step proposal 1) With respect to the at-risk populations (those with relevant medical illnesses and older age), so far, even though the number of infected person is rising once again, at the date of writing (late October, 2020) the program recommended herein is still voluntary.

title:
  Age, ageing, ageism and “age-itation” in the Age of COVID-19: rights and obligations relating to older persons in Israel as observed through the lens of medical ethics

abstract:
  COVID-19, the illness caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has reached pandemic proportions. Although the virus can cause disease in anyone, it is particularly dangerous for those with various “co-morbidities” such as heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, obesity and others. Furthermore, advancing age (from about 60 on), even in those older persons without any accompanying illnesses, is a strong and independent risk factor for pneumonia, need for an ICU bed and death from the virus. It is therefore essential to find ways to protect all at-risk persons (old or young) from the virus but at the same time not harming, more than absolutely necessary their essential freedoms as well as taking into account their social/psychological needs. Compared with other OECD countries, Israel’s population is still relatively young, with only 11.5% being over 65+ with a smaller proportion of older persons in long-term institutions than that found in most other comparable jurisdictions. These factors might explain a part of the country’s (so far) relatively low rates of serious disease and mortality compared to those seen in other developed countries. However there are still over a million older citizens at risk and the numbers of infected, hospitalized and seriously ill persons are rising once again. This is no time for complacency. An analysis of the effect of age on the disease as seen through the principles of medical ethics is followed by a proposal as to how best to balance these sometimes conflicting goals. This paper relates mainly to older persons in the community since the Ministry of Health early on in the pandemic initiated an effective program (Magen Avot) meant to protect those older persons in long-term care institutions. Recommendations include the Ministry of Health publishing clear guidelines as to risk factors and offering sensible advice on how to practice physical (not “social”) distancing without exacerbating an older person’s sense of social isolation. In order to reduce the incidence of influenza (which can clinically be confused with COVID-19) and the potentially disastrous consequences of a “double pandemic” this coming winter, a robust flu vaccination program needs immediate implementation. Persons at all ages (but especially those 60+) should be encouraged and assisted to sign advance directives, especially those who do not wish to undergo invasive therapy. An individual older person’s wish to “make way” for younger people should be respected as an expression of his/her autonomy. As we enter the second wave, triage mechanisms and protocols need to be circulated in readiness for and well before a situation in which an acute imbalance develops between the availability for acute resources and the population’s need for them. The Ministry of Health, in cooperation with other relevant ministries and NGOs, should take the lead in developing plans, ensuring that they are carried out in an orderly, timely and transparent manner. The blanket is indeed not large enough but we must place it as judiciously as possible in order as much as possible to protect, cover and keep warm the body politic. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s13584-020-00416-y.


id: cord-306504-0wq7rc6s
title: Aging at Work: A Review of Recent Trends and Future Directions
author: Barakovic Husic, Jasmina
date: 2020-10-20
txt: ./txt/cord-306504-0wq7rc6s.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-306504-0wq7rc6s.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207659
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17207659
summary:
  In order to answer the research questions, we examined studies on the aging labour force that were published between January 2008 and August 2019, to recognize the trends in the literature written in English with respect to motivation issues and potential solutions. Older workers with high job satisfaction, development possibilities, affirmative relations to management, and no age discrimination stayed longer in the work market. Ageism, employment discrimination, gender, work [33] To investigate the age-related connection between job stress, extreme tiredness, prosperity, and associated personal, institutional, and community factors. Job/age/disability discrimination [36] To investigate the relation between psychosocial factors and pension intention of older employees, while considering healthiness and work ability. Older farmers, work-related musculoskeletal disorders, pension age [8] To investigate the action plans that workers use to acquire skills in software and complete assignments Exploratory study (interviews, surveys).

abstract:
  Demographic data suggest a rapid aging trend in the active workforce. The concept of aging at work comes from the urgent requirement to help the aging workforce of the contemporary industries to maintain productivity while achieving a work and private life balance. While there is plenty of research focusing on the aging population, current research activities on policies covering the concept of aging at work are limited and conceptually different. This paper aims to review publications on aging at work, which could lead to the creation of a framework that targets governmental decision-makers, the non-governmental sector, the private sector, and all of those who are responsible for the formulation of policies on aging at work. In August 2019 we searched for peer-reviewed articles in English that were indexed in PubMed, IEEE Xplore, and Springer and published between 2008 and 2019. The keywords included the following phrases: “successful aging at work”, “active aging at work”, “healthy aging at work”, “productive aging at work”, and “older adults at work”. A total of 47,330 publications were found through database searching, and 25,187 publications were screened. Afterwards, 7756 screened publications were excluded from the further analysis, and a total of 17,431 article abstracts were evaluated for inclusion. Finally, further qualitative analysis included 1375 articles, of which about 24 are discussed in this article. The most prominent works suggest policies that encourage life-long learning, and a workforce that comprises both younger and older workers, as well as gradual retirement.


id: cord-307915-mmw5s981
title: Robotic Pet Use Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults
author: Hudson, Janella
date: 2020-08-13
txt: ./txt/cord-307915-mmw5s981.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-307915-mmw5s981.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaa119
doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa119
summary:
  Sharkey, 2012) Observations of participants interacting with robotic pets in nursing home and laboratory settings have demonstrated promise for supporting the social and emotional needs of older adults (McGlynn et al., 2017) and have yielded benefits similar to those achieved during animal-assisted therapies, including improved cardiovascular measures (Robinson et al., 2015) , reduction in loneliness (Kanamori et al., 2001) , decreased agitation, and an increase in feelings of pleasure (Libin and Cohen-Mansfield, 2004) . Given these diverse and potentially promising pathways for subjective loneliness-reducing reducing interventions, this study aims to examine the potential benefit of social robot use by community-dwelling older adults. Few studies have explored the benefit of companion pets for alleviating subjective loneliness, as well as the patterns of usage outside of a laboratory setting, among cognitively functioning, community-dwelling older adults. These study findings provide insights into the potential benefit of robotic pets for community-dwelling older adults interacting with the pets in their own homes, and demonstrate the need to explore applicability during pandemic conditions.

abstract:
  OBJECTIVE: The primary purpose of this study was to explore the efficacy of robotic pets in alleviating loneliness for older adults. METHOD: Self-reported lonely individuals with AARP Medicare Supplement plans insured by UnitedHealthcare who participated in a program with a robotic pet (n = 20) were recruited to participate in semi-structured interviews. Participants were asked to provide feedback about their experiences interacting with a robotic pet, their perceptions about the potential impact on loneliness, and recommendations for improving the program. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Participants’ responses were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Constant comparison and consensus-gaining processes were used to develop categories that later formed representative themes. RESULTS: Seven themes emerged from analysis: Openness to Adoption of Robotic Pet, Reactions to Pet and its Attributes, Integration of Pet in Daily Life, Strategic Utilization and Forging New Connections, Deriving Comfort and Camaraderie, Advice for Future Users, and Recommendations for Enhancing Ownership Experience. Participants living alone, with fewer social connections and less active lifestyles, derived the most benefit from interacting with their pets. Common responses to pets included cuddling, petting, grooming, and sleeping with them. Some shared or loaned their pets, while others refused to loan their pets to interested peers. Most reported showing their pets to others, which helped some facilitate communication and social connections. CONCLUSION: Robotic pets may be an effective solution for alleviating loneliness in older adults, especially among those who live alone, have fewer social connections, and live less active lifestyles.


id: cord-308271-zzepl3on
title: COVID-19: risk accumulation among biologically and socially vulnerable older populations
author: Calderón-Larrañaga, Amaia
date: 2020-08-17
txt: ./txt/cord-308271-zzepl3on.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-308271-zzepl3on.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568163720302841?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101149
summary:
  Based on preliminary data from Sweden and other reports, in this paper we propose a conceptual framework whereby different factors related to biological and social vulnerability may explain the specific COVID-19 burden among older people. Only through interdisciplinary research integrating biological, clinical and social data will we be able to provide new insights into the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and inform actions aimed at reducing older adults'' vulnerability to COVID-19 or other similar pandemics in the future. Insert table 2 here Similarly, preliminary analyses based on publicly available data from Stockholm region (Sweden) show differences in excess mortality for COVID-19 across community measures of country of birth, median income and education one month after the outbreak (Figure 1 ). We propose a conceptual framework addressing biological and social differences in COVID-19 burden developed specifically for older people, considering potential disparities in its prevention, treatment, prognosis and/or long-term consequences (Figure 2 ).

abstract:
  Emerging data show that the health and economic impacts of COVID-19 are being disproportionately borne by individuals who are not only biologically, but also socially vulnerable. Based on preliminary data from Sweden and other reports, in this paper we propose a conceptual framework whereby different factors related to biological and social vulnerability may explain the specific COVID-19 burden among older people. There is already some evidence showing large social disparities in the prevention, treatment, prognosis and/or long-term consequences of COVID-19. The remaining question is to what extent these affect older adults specifically. We provide the rationale to address this question with scientific methods and proper study designs, where the interplay between individuals’ biomedical status and their social environment is the focus. Only through interdisciplinary research integrating biological, clinical and social data will we be able to provide new insights into the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and inform actions aimed at reducing older adults’ vulnerability to COVID-19 or other similar pandemics in the future.


id: cord-308677-dr9a3ug0
title: Benefits of Intensive Care Unit Hospitalization for Patients Older than 90 Years
author: Hall, William J.
date: 2020-06-27
txt: ./txt/cord-308677-dr9a3ug0.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-308677-dr9a3ug0.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.16626
doi: 10.1111/jgs.16626
abstract: This editorial comments on the article by Haas et al.
summary:
  Therefore, it is timely that in this current issue of the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, Hass and colleagues report on a large-scale clinical review comparing short-term mortality after ICU admission (i.e., ICU and hospital mortality) in the population aged 80 to 90 years versus a cohort in the older than 90 years group. ICU mortality of the patients aged 90 years and older was actually lower (13.8% vs 16.1%; P < .001) and hospital mortality was similar (26.1% vs 25.7%; P < .41) compared with octogenarians. Some studies not focused on nonagenarians have reported that the use of relatively simple screening tools, such as the Clinical Frailty Scale, may be highly predictive of the impact of frailty on acute hospital stays and ICU mortality. A wellrecognized example of a medical meme from prior generations might be the description of pneumonia in older adults as "the old man''s friend," first attributed to the influential William Osler in the first edition of his textbook on medicine.


id: cord-309267-ihc7h8ik
title: Caremongering and Assumptions of Need: The Spread of Compassionate Ageism During COVID-19
author: Vervaecke, Deanna
date: 2020-09-12
txt: ./txt/cord-309267-ihc7h8ik.txt
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mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32920642/
doi: 10.1093/geront/gnaa131
summary:
  We offer the ''caremongering'' movement, a social movement driven by social media to help individuals impacted by COVID-19, as a case study example that illustrates how compassionate ageism has manifested during the pandemic. In the case of compassionate ageism (also known as benevolent ageism), so-called positive or warm perceptions of older people are combined with attributes of incompetence, frailty, dependence, passivity, and victimhood (Binstock, 1985; Cary, Chasteen, & Remedios, 2017; Marier & Revelli, 2017) , reflecting the mixed content of age stereotypes. The presumed ownership of the "elderly" stems from compassionate ageism and mixed age stereotypes which position older individuals as worthy of, and dependent upon, the support of younger people. Given that many younger individuals often adjust their behavior when interacting with older people according to age stereotypes they hold (O"Connor & St. Pierre, 2004) , it is likely that those engaging in helping behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic, such as caremongering, are doing so in ways that have long-term implications for older recipients of this help.

abstract:
  The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the pervasive ageism that exists in our society. Although instances of negative or hostile ageism have been identified, critical attention to the nuances of ageism throughout the pandemic, such as the prevalence and implications of positive or compassionate ageism, has lagged in comparison. This commentary uses stereotype content theory to extend the conversation regarding COVID-19 and ageism to include compassionate ageism. We offer the ‘caremongering’ movement, a social movement driven by social media to help individuals impacted by COVID-19, as a case study example that illustrates how compassionate ageism has manifested during the pandemic. The implications of compassionate ageism that have and continue to occur during the pandemic are discussed using stereotype embodiment theory. Future actions that focus on shifting attention from the intent of ageist actions and beliefs to the outcomes for those experiencing them is needed. Further, seeking older individuals’ consent when help is offered, recognizing the diversity of aging experiences, and thinking critically about ageism in its multiple and varied forms are all required.


id: cord-310556-ebh59adi
author: Flett, Gordon L.
date: 2020-06-15
txt: ./txt/cord-310556-ebh59adi.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-310556-ebh59adi.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837430/
doi: 10.1007/s11469-020-00339-4
summary:
  This work has also resulted in the creation of the first measure of suicide ideation tailored specifically to the needs and lives of older people, the Geriatric Suicide Ideation Scale (Heisel and Flett 2006) , which assesses sociocultural and existential factors (i.e., its "Loss of Personal and Social Worth" and "Perceived Meaning in Life" subscales) in addition to thoughts and wishes to die and for suicide.

title:
  Aging and Feeling Valued Versus Expendable During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond: a Review and Commentary of Why Mattering Is Fundamental to the Health and Well-Being of Older Adults

abstract:
  The current commentary and review examines the potentially protective role of feelings of mattering among elderly people during typical times and the current atypical times associated with the COVID-19 global pandemic. Mattering is the feeling of being important to others in ways that give people the sense that they are valued and other people care about them. We contrast this feeling with messages of not mattering and being expendable and disposable due to ageism, gaps in the provision of care, and apparently economically focused positions taken during the pandemic that disrespect the value, worth, and merits of older persons. We provide a comprehensive review of past research on individual differences in mattering among older adults and illustrate the unique role of mattering in potentially protecting older adults from mental health problems. Mattering is also discussed in terms of its links with loneliness and physical health. This article concludes with a discussion of initiatives and interventions that can be modified and enhanced to instill a sense of mattering among older adults. Key directions for future research are also highlighted along with ways to expand the mattering concept to more fully understand and appreciate the relevance of mattering among older adults.


id: cord-311757-qbk4aapf
title: Challenges of the COVID‐19 pandemic for social gerontology in Australia
author: Dawes, Piers
date: 2020-09-23
txt: ./txt/cord-311757-qbk4aapf.txt
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mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32965077/
doi: 10.1111/ajag.12845
abstract: nan
summary:
  1 Those who recover may face additional long-term impacts on health 2 that make older people more likely to need additional support and affect future quality of life. Public health measures to suppress the virus-social distancing, restrictions on public transport, closure of shops, clinics, public facilities and community, sporting and interest groups-increase anxiety, depression and loneliness in older people. 17 An Academy of Science report on the impact of the pandemic on Australian universities identified dramatic reductions in international student fees and research funding. Some universities are beginning a phased return to seeing participants, although those from particularly vulnerable populations (including older people, people with long-term health conditions and people living in aged care facilities) are set to be the last groups where data collection will restart. The COVID-19 pandemic exposed inequalities and vulnerabilities for older Australians, particularly those with long-term conditions, people from minority communities, Indigenous backgrounds and residents of aged care facilities.


id: cord-313218-4rbxdimf
author: Narushima, Miya
date: 2020-09-09
txt: ./txt/cord-313218-4rbxdimf.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-313218-4rbxdimf.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0890406520300451
doi: 10.1016/j.jaging.2020.100875
summary:
  However, we also found that older women are largely silent about their needs, and that experiences varied depending on life histories, health conditions, and the availability of supports in their wider environment (home care, alternative housing options, accessible transportation, opportunities for social and physical activities). Comparing the 2011 and 2016 censuses, the ratio of people aged 65 and older living in "collective dwellings" (e.g., assisted living, supportive housing, retirement residences, seniors'' apartments, continuum care facilities, and nursing homes) has dropped from 7.9% to 6.9% (Garner, Tanuseputro, Manuel, & Sanmartin, 2018; Statistics Canada, 2012) . For example, in a public guide issued by the federal government, "aging in place" is defined as "having access to services and the health and social supports and services you need to live safely and independently in your home or your community for as long as you wish and are able" (Federal/Provincial/Territorial Ministers Responsible for Seniors, 2015, p.1).

title:
  “Fiercely independent”: Experiences of aging in the right place of older women living alone with physical limitations

abstract:
  This study explores the experience of aging among older Canadian women with physical limitations who live by themselves. While aging in place has been a policy priority in rapidly greying Canada, a lack of complementary public supports poses challenges for many older adults and their family members. Employing a qualitative methodology, and drawing from the notion of aging in the right place, we collected personal narratives of 12 women (aged 65 to 92) in two geographic areas in Ontario, including residents of regular houses, apartments, condominiums, assisted living and community housing for seniors. Through thematic analysis, we identified four overarching themes: 1) striving to continue on “at home”, 2) living as a “strong independent woman”, 3) the help needed to support their “independence”, and 4) social activities to maintain self. Our findings illustrate how, despite their mobility limitations, older women can change their residential environment and their behavior by deploying the coping strategies and resources they have developed over time. However, we also found that older women are largely silent about their needs, and that experiences varied depending on life histories, health conditions, and the availability of supports in their wider environment (home care, alternative housing options, accessible transportation, opportunities for social and physical activities). We hope these findings will incite further studies and discussion to help make aging in the right place a real choice for anyone who wishes to do so.


id: cord-313413-qx6fo1x2
author: Cipriano, Catia
date: 2003-06-19
txt: ./txt/cord-313413-qx6fo1x2.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-313413-qx6fo1x2.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047637403001465
doi: 10.1016/s0047-6374(03)00146-5
summary:
  Partial hepatectomy/liver regeneration (pHx) is a good model for the study of acute and constant inflammation in ageing because of its similarity to ageing and inflammation in impaired thymic endocrine activity and peripheral immune efficiency [Natural Killer (NK) cell activity and IL-2 production] (Mocchegiani et al., 1997) as well as in enhanced corticosterone (Shimada et al., 1996) and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) (Kelley-Loughnane et al., 2002) in young pHx mice 48 h after partial hepatectomy. IL-6, sIL-6R and corticosterone plasma levels increased in young and very old pHx mice at 48 h from partial hepatectomy as compared with respective sham controls (P B/0.01), with restoration on day 15 of compensatory liver growth (Table 1) .

title:
  Metallothionein (I+II) confers, via c-myc, immune plasticity in oldest mice: model of partial hepatectomy/liver regeneration

abstract:
  Because of its similarity to ageing in impaired immune efficiency 48 h after surgical procedures on young partially hepatectomised mice, partial hepatectomy/liver regeneration (pHx) provides a good model for the study of inflammation in ageing. In old age, high metallothionein (I+II) (MT) sequesters a substantial number of intracellular zinc ions consequently leading to low zinc ion bioavailability for an adequate immune response. Corticosterone and IL-6 affect MTmRNA induction in inflammation and after pHx against oxidative damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the role played by MT in conferring immune plasticity in ageing and in very old age using the pHx model. 48 h after their partial hepatectomy, the crude zinc balance was negative in young, old and very old mice coupled with increased MT, corticosterone, sIL-6R and IL-6. Concomitantly, Natural Killer (NK) cell activity and IL-2 production decreased. Complete restoration of the nutritional–endocrine–immune parameters occurred 15 days from the surgical procedures in young and very old mice, but not in old or transgenic mice overexpressing MT. A significant positive or inverse correlation among nutritional–endocrine–immune parameters exists in young and very old mice, but not in old mice during liver regeneration. Since MT also affects c-myc, the gene expression of c-myc declines from 48 h to days 7 and 15 after pHx in young and very old mice, but remains constantly high in old pHx mice for the same days. This circumstance leads to the appearance of tumours in the long run in old pHx mice and survival times that are shorter than old sham controls. Because complete remodelling also occurs in IL-6 and in sIL-6R in very old mice during liver regeneration, the pre-existing inflammation is not detrimental in very old age. As such, very old mice are still responsive to large inflammation, such as pHx, thanks to correct MT homeostasis. Correct MT homeostasis, via c-myc, is therefore pivotal in both suitable liver regeneration and in conferring immune plasticity with subsequent successful ageing. High MT plays an extremely harmful role in ageing: on one hand it lowers zinc ion bioavailability levels required for immune efficiency and on the other hand it increases c-myc expression. The combination of immune depression and enhanced c-myc, via high MT, may trigger the appearance of age-related degenerative diseases.


id: cord-317519-yhzv2yjs
title: Geroscience in the Age of COVID-19
author: Barzilai, Nir
date: 2020-07-23
txt: ./txt/cord-317519-yhzv2yjs.txt
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extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.14336/ad.2020.0629
doi: 10.14336/ad.2020.0629
summary:
  Development and use of drugs like rapamycin and metformin by the at-risk population, notably older adults, may confer broad health benefits by targeting multiple aspects of biological aging and in this way raise the chances that these people can ward off the worst effects of COVID-19. Randomized, controlled clinical trials to assess the ability of rapamycin, metformin and other potential geroprotective drugs [20] , to boost response to an eventual COVID-19 vaccine in the elderly, as well as protect against COVID-19 infection altogether, could have a substantial impact on survival in vulnerable populations and should be pursued. Often, in older patients, multiple aging-related diseases are affected by multiple risk factors, further increasing the disability and mortality. The COVID-19 global emergency has emphasized to vast masses of people the vital need to prevent old-age multimorbidity, protect the elderly and improve their health span.

abstract:
  The data on COVID-19 is clear on at least one point: Older adults are most vulnerable to hospitalization, disability and death following infection with the novel coronavirus. Therefore, therapeutically addressing degenerative aging processes as the main risk factors appears promising for tackling the present crisis and is expected to be relevant when tackling future infections, epidemics and pandemics. Therefore, utilizing a geroscience approach, targeting aging processes to prevent multimorbidity, via initiating broad clinical trials of potential geroprotective therapies, is recommended.


id: cord-318977-4ng6gxpv
author: Zittoun, Tania
date: 2020-09-26
txt: ./txt/cord-318977-4ng6gxpv.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-318977-4ng6gxpv.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2210656120301240
doi: 10.1016/j.lcsi.2020.100453
summary:
  To develop such a theoretical frame, we draw on a sociocultural psychology of learning and development, which so far has been mainly focused on children, young adults and adults, as well as on the growing field of anthropological (Droz-Mendelzweig, 2013; Lieblich, 2014; Sarason, 2011) , critical gerontology, sociological and narrative approaches (Freeman, 2011; Gubrium, 1995 Gubrium, , 2011 , and clinical studies of the lives of older people (Aumont & Coconnier, 2016; Bergeret-Amselek, 2016; Gutton, 2016; Quinodoz, 2008; Villa, 2010) . Sociocultural psychology is a theoretical approach to human experience and development that considers the mutual constitution of the person and their social and cultural world, as these dynamics are located in time and space; it also gives a central role to human experience and sense-making (Cole, 1996; Rosa & Valsiner, 2018; Valsiner, 2012; Wertsch, 1998) . Hence, at a sociogenetic level, we call for a careful analysis of the historical evolution and local specificities of the dominant discourses on ageing persons, the institutional arrangements setting conditions for older people''s lives, and the differentiated dynamics of social inclusion and exclusion of elderly persons.

title:
  The relevance of a sociocultural perspective for understanding learning and development in older age

abstract:
  This paper proposes a sociocultural psychology approach to ageing in the lifecourse. It proposes to consider sociogenetic, microgenetic and ontogenetic transformations when studying older age. On this basis, it considers that older people's lives have two specificities: a longer life experience, and a unique view of historical transformation. The paper calls for a closer understanding of the specific and evolving conditions of ageing, and for more inclusion of older citizens in public debate and policy making.


id: cord-324635-27q3nxte
title: The situation of infection in the elderly in Spain: a multidisciplinary opinion document
author: Bouza, Emilio
date: 2020-09-08
txt: ./txt/cord-324635-27q3nxte.txt
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extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.37201/req/057.2020
doi: 10.37201/req/057.2020
summary:
  Thus, for long-term care facility (LTCF) residents and in hospitalised elderly people, UTI is the number one cause of infection and is the second most common in older women living in the community [19] . The first data on infection in nursing homes in Spain come from the EPINGER study, conducted in community health centres in Catalonia, which reported a prevalence of 6.5%, although it should be pointed out that in Catalonia the concept of the community health centre would include medium-long term patients, while in the rest of the Spanish autonomous communities this concept would be limited to nursing homes [40] . This is a multi-centre system for monitoring nosocomial infections, based on the production of an annual prevalence study, which has been conducted since 1990 in a large group of hospitals in Spain and was promoted by the Spanish Society of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Hygiene. The studies reviewed allow us to estimate a prevalence of infection of between 4 and 10% in nursing homes in Spain, depending on their complexity, and between 6 and 9% in hospitalised elderly people.

abstract:
  Infection in the elderly is a huge issue whose treatment usually has partial and specific approaches. It is, moreover, one of the areas where intervention can have the most success in improving the quality of life of older patients. In an attempt to give the widest possible focus to this issue, the Health Sciences Foundation has convened experts from different areas to produce this position paper on Infection in the Elderly, so as to compare the opinions of expert doctors and nurses, pharmacists, journalists, representatives of elderly associations and concluding with the ethical aspects raised by the issue. The format is that of discussion of a series of pre-formulated questions that were discussed by all those present. We begin by discussing the concept of the elderly, the reasons for their predisposition to infection, the most frequent infections and their causes, and the workload and economic burden they place on society. We also considered whether we had the data to estimate the proportion of these infections that could be reduced by specific programmes, including vaccination programmes. In this context, the limited presence of this issue in the media, the position of scientific societies and patient associations on the issue and the ethical aspects raised by all this were discussed.


id: cord-325026-k514rh8g
title: Intolerance of Uncertainty and Loneliness in Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic
author: Parlapani, Eleni
date: 2020-08-19
txt: ./txt/cord-325026-k514rh8g.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-325026-k514rh8g.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00842
doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00842
summary:
  The survey included sociodemographic questions and six psychometric scales: the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), the Brief Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) depression scale, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS-12), and the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale (JGLS). As a result, restriction measures deprived older adults of the opportunity to socialize with their peers, compromising psychological wellbeing by bringing on isolation, a condition posing a great risk for depression, anxiety (43) , as well as loneliness (10) . Taking available literature into account, the study aimed to investigate the psychological impact of COVID-19, that is, fear, depressive and anxiety symptoms, as well as sleep disturbances, on older individuals. The awareness that increased age is a risk factor for COVID-19related mortality, together with the restriction of family and social contacts due to quarantine measures, had a psychological impact on older adults during the pandemic (79) .

abstract:
  OBJECTIVE: The COVID-19 pandemic imposed a psychological burden on people worldwide, including fear and anxiety. Older adults are considered more vulnerable during public health emergency crises. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the psychological response of older adults during the acute phase of the pandemic in Greece. METHOD: This cross-sectional study was part of a larger three-day online survey. A total of 103 participants over the age of 60 fulfilled inclusion criteria. The survey included sociodemographic questions and six psychometric scales: the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), the Brief Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) depression scale, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS-12), and the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale (JGLS). RESULTS: A significant proportion of the participants reported moderate to severe depressive symptoms (81.6%), moderate to severe anxiety symptoms (84.5%), as well as disrupted sleep (37.9%). Women reported significantly higher levels of COVID-19–related fear, more severe depressive symptoms and sleep disturbances, as well as higher levels of intolerance of uncertainty. Participants living alone showed higher levels of loneliness. Intolerance of uncertainty was shown to modulate levels of loneliness. CONCLUSIONS: During the quarantine, attention was promptly drawn upon the risks related with older people’s loneliness. Studies identifying factors that may contribute to loneliness during a public health emergency facilitate the implementation of supportive interventions. Preparedness to address and manage older people’s loneliness may limit this deleterious emotional response during the pandemic, as well as at the post-COVID-19 phase.


id: cord-329344-06uk5sjp
title: COVID 19 - Clinical Picture in the Elderly Population: A Qualitative Systematic Review
author: Neumann-Podczaska, Agnieszka
date: 2020-07-23
txt: ./txt/cord-329344-06uk5sjp.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-329344-06uk5sjp.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32765959/
doi: 10.14336/ad.2020.0620
summary:
  In the following study, we constructed a systematic review to concisely summarize the clinical features, comorbidities, radiological/laboratory findings, and outcomes in the older adults. Only older individuals (≥60 years old) with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were of interest in this review, hence any study that did not clearly separate the data according to this age bracket was excluded. Once the relevant studies were isolated, the two reviewers extracted the data independently into a standardized form with the following subheadings: paper Aging and Disease • Volume 11, Number 4, August 2020 990 information (such as publication date, number of patients, country, and gender), symptoms, comorbidities, laboratory findings, radiographic findings, complications, treatment, and outcome. Studies comparing data from solely dead vs discharged patients, were excluded from review estimation of mortality rate due to unclear total hospitalized elderly COVID-19 population [13, 25] .

abstract:
  The SARS-CoV-2 tendency to affect the older individuals more severely, raises the need for a concise summary isolating this age population. Analysis of clinical features in light of most recently published data allows for improved understanding, and better clinical judgement. A thorough search was performed to collect all articles published from 1st of January to 1st of June 2020, using the keywords COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 followed by the generic terms elderly, older adults or older individuals. The quality assessment of studies and findings was performed by an adaptation of the STROBE statement and CERQual approach. Excluding duplicates, a total of 1598 articles were screened, of which 20 studies were included in the final analysis, pertaining to 4965 older COVID-19 patients (≥60 years old). Variety in symptoms was observed, with fever, cough, dyspnea, fatigue, or sputum production being the most common. Prominent changes in laboratory findings consistently indicated lymphopenia and inflammation and in some cases organ damage. Radiological examination reveals ground glass opacities with occasional consolidations, bilaterally, with a possible peripheral tendency. An evident fraction of the elderly population (25.7%) developed renal injury or impairment as a complication. Roughly 71.4% of the older adults require supplementary oxygen, while invasive mechanical ventilation was required in almost a third of the reported hospitalized older individuals. In this review, death occurred in 20.0% of total patients with a recorded outcome (907/4531). Variability in confidence of findings is documented. Variety in symptom presentation is to be expected, and abnormalities in laboratory findings are present. Risk for mortality is evident, and attention to the need for supplementary oxygen and possible mechanical ventilation is advised. Further data is required isolating this age population. Presented literature may allow for the construction of better predictive models of COVID-19 in older populations.


id: cord-331378-3nqn48z7
title: COVID-19: the implications for suicide in older adults
author: Wand, Anne Pamela Frances
date: 2020-04-30
txt: ./txt/cord-331378-3nqn48z7.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-331378-3nqn48z7.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1017/s1041610220000770
doi: 10.1017/s1041610220000770
abstract: nan
summary:
  The COVID-19 pandemic compounds this and other preexisting trauma in older adults, further contributing to risk of suicide and mental illness, and in addition to the "parallel epidemic" of anxiety, depression, and fear in the general community (Yao et al., 2020) . Continuity of access to mental health care (secondary and tertiary prevention) Community older persons'' mental health services should review their patient lists and screen for (Reger et al., 2020) or otherwise identify clients who are especially vulnerable to mental illness and suicide (e.g. those who live alone, were already socially isolated, have chronic medical comorbidities or functional disability, are currently unwell, or who are at risk of relapse) and institute regular welfare checks and enhanced follow-up. Informal and professional services have a role in reducing social isolationa factor increasing suicide riskin older people during the COVID-19 pandemic. This model of proactive connection of older adults with health services via phone could be used to provide home assistance to older people at risk of suicide through social isolation, and/or psychological or physical illness.


id: cord-332579-7950xjmv
author: Aravena, J. M.
date: 2020-06-07
txt: ./txt/cord-332579-7950xjmv.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-332579-7950xjmv.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.04.20122812
doi: 10.1101/2020.06.04.20122812
summary:
  title: ''Drawing on Wisdom to Cope with Adversity:'' A Systematic Review Protocol of Older Adults'' Mental and Psychosocial Health During Acute Respiratory Disease Propagated-Type Epidemics and Pandemics (COVID-19, SARS-CoV, MERS, and Influenza). Eligibility criteria: quantitative and qualitative studies evaluating mental illness, wellbeing, or psychosocial health outcomes associated with respiratory propagated epidemics and pandemics exposure or periods (COVID-19, SARS-CoV, MERS, and Influenza) in people 65 years or older. In this context, and considering the increasing number of COVID-19 related articles, a systematic review targeted to older people mental health considering a full-range of neuropsychiatric, psychiatric, psychosocial, and wellbeing parameters associated with the infection or the contextual impacts related to acute respiratory disease propagated-type epidemics and pandemics, contrasting the results among groups seems pertinent and necessary to fully understand the response and experiences of older adults and other age groups in the context of pandemics.

title:
  ''Drawing on Wisdom to Cope with Adversity:'' A Systematic Review Protocol of Older Adults'' Mental and Psychosocial Health During Acute Respiratory Disease Propagated-Type Epidemics and Pandemics (COVID-19, SARS-CoV, MERS, and Influenza).

abstract:
  Background: Mental health has become one of the fundamental priorities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Situations like physical distancing as well as being constantly tagged as the most vulnerable group could expose older adults to mental and psychosocial burdens. Nonetheless, there is little clarity about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic or similar pandemics in the past on the mental illness, wellbeing, and psychosocial health of the older population compared to other age groups. Objectives: To describe the patterns of older adults' mental and psychosocial health related to acute respiratory disease propagated-type epidemics and pandemics and to evaluate the differences with how other age groups respond. Eligibility criteria: quantitative and qualitative studies evaluating mental illness, wellbeing, or psychosocial health outcomes associated with respiratory propagated epidemics and pandemics exposure or periods (COVID-19, SARS-CoV, MERS, and Influenza) in people 65 years or older. Data source: Original articles published until June 1st, 2020, in any language searched in the electronic healthcare and social sciences database: MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, WHO Global literature on coronavirus disease database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure ( - CNKI). Furthermore, EPPI Centre's COVID-19 living systematic map and the publicly available publication list of the COVID-19 living systematic review will be incorporated for preprints and recent COVID-19 publications. Data extraction: Two independent reviewers will extract predefined parameters. The risk of bias will be assessed. Data synthesis: Data synthesis will be performed according to study type and design, type of epidemic and pandemic, types of outcomes (mental health and psychosocial outcomes), and participant characteristics (e.g., sex, race, age, socioeconomic status, food security, presence of dependency in daily life activities independent/dependent older adults). Comparison between sex, race, and other age groups will be performed qualitatively, and quantitatively if enough data is available. The risk of bias and study heterogeneity will be reported for quantitative studies. Conclusion: This study will provide information to take actions to address potential mental health difficulties during the COVID-19 pandemic in older adults and to understand responses on this age group. Furthermore, it will be useful to identify potential groups that are more vulnerable or resilient to the mental-health challenges of the current worldwide pandemic.


id: cord-332652-wm9krxve
author: Koslik, Hayley J.
date: 2020-07-02
txt: ./txt/cord-332652-wm9krxve.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-332652-wm9krxve.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108158
doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108158
summary:
  The leading risk factor for COPD is cigarette smoking (Bhatt et al., 2018) , but studies have also reported associations with older age (de Marco et al., 2011) , low socioeconomic status (Wheaton et al., 2015) , human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (Drummond et al., 2012) and history of pulmonary tuberculosis (Byrne et al., 2015) . STAHR II was a prospective cohort study in which community-recruited PWID who had injected at least once in the prior month (actively injecting) were enrolled in 2012-2014, and J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f followed for two years through semi-annual follow-up visits to determine the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), HIV, and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among PWID in San Diego, CA. Interviews collected information about potential correlates and known risk factors for OLD including socio-demographics (i.e., age, gender, race/ethnicity, homelessness), smoking status, lifetime and recent drug use and injection behaviors, symptoms and previous diagnosis of respiratory illness, and healthcare utilization.

title:
  Prevalence and correlates of obstructive lung disease among people who inject drugs, San Diego, California

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Pulmonary tissue damage leading to obstructive lung disease (OLD) could result from intravenous administration of insoluble particles found in illicit drugs. This study described the prevalence and identified correlates of OLD among people who inject drugs (PWID). METHODS: In 2012-2016, a community-based cohort of PWID who had injected within the past month were enrolled in a study to assess HIV, hepatitis C virus (HCV) andMycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infections and their related risk factors. Data were obtained through face-to-face interviews, serological testing and spirometry. Baseline data were used for a cross-sectional analysis of the prevalence and correlates of OLD, defined as FEV1/FVC < 0.7. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with OLD. RESULTS: Among 516 participants who had complete spirometry and interview results, the mean age was 43.3 years, 73.6% were male, 9.5% were Black, 91.1% smoked cigarettes and 18.2% had OLD. Few (9.6%) PWID with OLD reported a previous diagnosis of COPD although many (44.7%) reported related symptoms. Black race (AOR = 2.66, 95%CI: 1.37, 5.17), pack-years smoked (AOR = 1.06/5 years, 95%CI: 1.01, 1.12), and duration of injection drug use (AOR = 1.13, 95%CI: 1.01, 1.27) were independently associated with OLD after controlling for age. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of OLD was high in this cohort and associated with Black race and cigarette smoking—known risk factors. In addition, OLD prevalence increased with greater duration of injection drug use, suggesting a link between cumulative exposure to injected insoluble particles and OLD. Further examination of these adulterants and lung pathology are needed.


id: cord-332918-6kmbaswt
title: If Not Now, When? the Role of Geriatric Leadership as Covid-19 Brings the World to Its Knees
author: Dwolatzky, Tzvi
date: 2020-05-15
txt: ./txt/cord-332918-6kmbaswt.txt
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url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.00232
doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00232
abstract: nan
summary:
  One may try to understand the personal perspective of health care workers pushed to their physical and mental limits in providing care to old and frail people at a time of crisis, while harboring their own concerns and fears. And now, with a viral pandemic sweeping across the globe, geriatricians are actively involved in the clinical care of vast numbers of older people in the community and in hospital settings. Social distancing and the restriction of movement, with a clear call to stay at home and thus prevent exposure to other people who may be a source of coronavirus infection, is in accordance with the World Health Organization''s efforts to limit the spread of the virus. Older people who are cognitively and/or functionally impaired and are living at home are usually cared for by nursing assistants. As the Covid-19 pandemic unfolds, the tragedy of a rapid spread of the virus among frail and vulnerable older residents of nursing homes has resulted in catastrophic consequences.


id: cord-333959-8ermzrmr
author: Gao, Zan
date: 2020-06-25
txt: ./txt/cord-333959-8ermzrmr.txt
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mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9061986
doi: 10.3390/jcm9061986
summary:
  Particularly affected are older adults (i.e., those aged ≥ 65 years) who are at elevated risk for various adverse health outcomes, including declines in motor ability and physical activity (PA) participation, increased obesity, impaired cognition, and various psychological disorders. This generation has higher rates of chronic disease and disability compared to any other generation [8] , and studies have shown that the four most common poor health conditions seen in older adults are decreased motor ability, increased obesity, impaired cognition, and psychological disorders, which lead to a lower quality of life [9, 10] . For example, a home-based VR intervention, which used an Xbox 360 gaming console and Your Shape Fitness Evolved software and consisted of Tai Chi and Yoga exercise programs, indicated positive effects of VR exercise on older adults'' motor ability outcomes, such as hip muscle strength and balance control [22] .

title:
  Virtual Reality Exercise as a Coping Strategy for Health and Wellness Promotion in Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic

abstract:
  The December 2019 COVID-19 outbreak in China has led to worldwide quarantine, as recommended by local governments and the World Health Organization. Particularly affected are older adults (i.e., those aged ≥ 65 years) who are at elevated risk for various adverse health outcomes, including declines in motor ability and physical activity (PA) participation, increased obesity, impaired cognition, and various psychological disorders. Thus, given the secular increases in the older adult population, novel and effective intervention strategies are necessary to improve physical activity behaviors and health in this population. Virtual reality (VR)-integrated exercise is a promising intervention strategy, which has been utilized in healthcare fields like stroke rehabilitation and psychotherapy. Therefore, the purpose of this editorial is to synthesize recent research examining the efficacy and effectiveness of VR exercise in the promotion of favorable health outcomes among the older adults. Results indicate the application of VR exercise to facilitate improved physical outcomes (e.g., enhanced motor ability, reduced obesity), cognition and psychological outcomes. VR exercise has also been observed to be an effective intervention strategy for fall prevention in this population. Future research should employ more rigorous research designs to allow for a more robust quantitative synthesis of the effect of VR exercise on the preceding outcomes to elucidate which type(s) of VR-based PA interventions are most effective in promoting improved health outcomes among older adults. Findings from this study will better inform the development of technology-savvy PA programs for wellness promotion in older adults who practice social distancing and exercise from home under the unprecedented global health crisis.


id: cord-338049-en9ktl4s
title: COVID-19: clinical challenges in Dutch Geriatric Psychiatry
author: Naarding, P.
date: 2020-05-27
txt: ./txt/cord-338049-en9ktl4s.txt
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url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2020.05.019
doi: 10.1016/j.jagp.2020.05.019
summary:
  After a brief timeline of the Dutch situation and our management strategy to adapt geriatric mental health care, we present a case-series to illustrate the specific challenges for geriatric psychiatrists. A brief timeline of the Dutch situation and our management strategy to adapt geriatric mental health care is presented below, followed by a case-series to illustrate the specific challenges facing geriatric psychiatrists. Many aspects of mental health care facilities make older patients with psychiatric disorders susceptible to the rapid spread of COVID-19 [5] . To comply with national policies on the spread of COVID-19 and protect geriatric psychiatric patients, specific COVID-19 isolation units with 5-9 beds were set up in most mental health centers. The case-vignettes described above illustrate the immediate clinical challenges we faced in our mental health services for older people during the initial weeks of the COVID-19 outbreak in the Netherlands.

abstract:
  The COVID-19 pandemic has changed everyday life tremendously in a short period of time. After a brief timeline of the Dutch situation and our management strategy to adapt geriatric mental health care, we present a case-series to illustrate the specific challenges for geriatric psychiatrists.


id: cord-338332-msjtncek
title: Social Relationships and Adaptation in Later Life
author: Sharifian, Neika
date: 2020-09-18
txt: ./txt/cord-338332-msjtncek.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-338332-msjtncek.txt
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mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128186978000169
doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818697-8.00016-9
summary:
  While the convoy model provides a heuristic framework within which to understand the causes and consequences of social relations over the life course, SST focuses on the individual''s time perspective and what motivates social interactions while the SAVI model specifies a common strategy among older adults used to maintain high levels of well-being through emotion regulation and avoidance of conflict. An examination of the influence of early parental relationship quality on cognitive health outcomes by Sharifian and colleagues revealed that respondents from a nationally representative U.S. sample of older adults who reported higher retrospective maternal relationship quality showed less decline in episodic memory over time through reduced loneliness and depressive symptoms. Indeed, prior cross-sectional research in a nationally representative sample of American older adults has shown that the use of social technologies in later life was associated with better psychological and physical health outcomes, and these associations were mediated by lower levels of loneliness (Chopik, 2016) .

abstract:
  Social relations encompass a complex and dynamic set of characteristics that have been shown to distinctly affect health and quality of life across the lifespan and especially in older adulthood. In this chapter we begin with a brief review of several prominent theories of social relations. Next, we consider how social relations can be understood based on the resource they provide (e.g., contact frequency, social support), the relationship they stem from (e.g., friends, family), the strength of the tie (e.g., strong, weak) as well as the means of communication (e.g., offline, online). We briefly summarize how these characteristics have been shown to uniquely influence health and quality of life in older adulthood. Finally, we contemplate potential clinical applications, provide recommendations for the future and offer final concluding comments.


id: cord-339292-mhbwjwrg
title: THE IMPORTANCE OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY TO CARE FOR FRAIL OLDER ADULTS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
author: Aubertin-Leheudre, M.
date: 2020-04-30
txt: ./txt/cord-339292-mhbwjwrg.txt
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mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2020.04.022
doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.04.022
summary:
  title: THE IMPORTANCE OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY TO CARE FOR FRAIL OLDER ADULTS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC Simple, adapted and specific physical activities should be implemented and considered as the best solution to care for frail elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic. In a 10-day hospitalization, an older patient typically loses 16% of muscle strength and 6% of risk of falls (34% within three months of discharge) 5;6 and disability (33% will report functional 66 decline one-year after discharge) 7;8 . Older hospitalized patients are often on confined to bed for 17 hours per day 70 According to WHO, healthy aging is largely determined by the ability to maintain both mental 85 and physical capacities 13 . In conclusion, to our knowledge, daily simple, adapted and specific physical activities 177 including strength, balance and walk exercises (see figure 1 & 2 or vivifrail©) should be 178 considered as the best solution to care for frail older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.

abstract:
  Summary COVID-19 restrictions could decreased physical and mental health. Simple, adapted and specific physical activities should be implemented and considered as the best solution to care for frail elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic.


id: cord-340117-14bmab0n
title: Staying in a Burning House: Perks and Perils of a Hotline in the Times of COVID‐19
author: Navarrete‐Reyes, Ana Patricia
date: 2020-05-05
txt: ./txt/cord-340117-14bmab0n.txt
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mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.16479
doi: 10.1111/jgs.16479
abstract: nan
summary:
  Since the best way to prevent and slow down transmission is to be well informed about the virus, the disease it causes, and how it spreads, the Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán''s (INCMNSZ) geriatric medicine department has made a hotline available to field older adults'' inquiries about COVID-19 ( Figure 1 ). Due to the fact that the INCMNSZ, a public tertiary care center in Mexico City, Mexico, has recently become a designated care site for COVID-19, most outpatient clinics are on hold or working via telephone call or telemedicine, allowing medical staff to answer the hotline queries for now. In 10 days, I have received 64 calls and text messages about and from older adults. For instance, I received a message from a worried young woman whose 80-year-old grandmother did not want to comply with preventive social distancing.


id: cord-344818-ms2edk3w
author: Chu, Charlene H.
date: 2020-07-09
txt: ./txt/cord-344818-ms2edk3w.txt
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mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32643787/
doi: 10.1111/jan.14467
summary:
  Older adults living in long-term care (LTC) facilities comprise 79% of the COVID-19 death toll in Canada (Rothan & Byrareddy, 2020; Walsh & Semeniuk, 2020) . While our failure to protect long-term care (LTC) facilities has been made apparent both by this high mortality and a shocking recent Canadian Armed Forces Report (Mialkowski, 2020) , the singular focus on mortality has overshadowed any attention to morbidityparticularly the effects of physical distancing on health, quality of life and autonomy. Recent changes to LTC visitation policies allow loved ones to visit in-person but continue to be overly restrictive: visits could only be 30-minutes long, outdoors, physically distanced while wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) and the visitor needed to present a COVID-19 negative test (Ontario Ministry of Long-Term Care, 2020). All rights reserved the toll and trauma that COVID-19 countermeasures have taken on older adults residing in LTC facilities and their families.

title:
  Competing Crises: COVID‐19 Countermeasures and Social Isolation among Older Adults in Long Term Care

abstract:
  While debate over the appropriate scope and goals of COVID‐19 lockdowns has raged, all public health agencies have been clear on one matter: older adults have the highest rates of mortality (Comas‐Herrera et al., 2020) and should be isolated (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2020). Older adults and individuals with complex health conditions are most vulnerable to the virus. Yet, social isolation contributes to the onset and intensifies depression, feelings of despair and, in older adults with dementia, further cognitive decline.


id: cord-350907-lazslqn0
title: Covid-19 Infection in Older Adults: A Geriatrician’s Perspective
author: Isik, Ahmet Turan
date: 2020-07-06
txt: ./txt/cord-350907-lazslqn0.txt
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mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32753857/
doi: 10.2147/cia.s260972
summary:
  1, 2 Regarding the severe course of the disease in the elderly, I would like to draw attention to some issues related to the diagnosis of Covid-19 infections in older patients. 2, 3 Older patients, especially frail ones with multiple comorbidities, may not show typical symptoms, such as fever, cough, chest discomfort, or excessive sputum production in pulmonary infections as much as young people do, and thus atypical presentations may be an important issue that causes delayed diagnosis of Covid-19 infections. 5, 11 In a study examining the cases in Wuhan, China, the origin of the infection, it was reported that the disease progresses more severely and even causes deaths, especially in older patients and individuals with chronic diseases. Furthermore, while Covid-19 is severe and fatal in older adults, evaluation of individuals over 65 years of age with a geriatrician''s perspective is very important.

abstract:
  The pandemic of the Covid-19 virus has become the main issue all over the world. In its current form, the disease is more severe in geriatric cases and individuals with chronic disease, even causing death. In older adults and atypical presentations, testing strategies for Covid-19, potential drug interactions of experimental Covid-19 therapies, and ageism are important issues in the course of the disease. Therefore, health-care professionals should be aware of these, and screening policies for Covid-19 should also include atypical presentations with or without classical symptoms of the illness in older adults. Furthermore, evaluation of individuals > 65 years of age from a geriatrician’s perspective is very important, because Covid-19 is severe and fatal in seniors.


id: cord-354105-lgkfnmcm
title: Reducing Social Isolation of Seniors during COVID-19 through Medical Student Telephone Contact
author: Office, Emma E.
date: 2020-06-05
txt: ./txt/cord-354105-lgkfnmcm.txt
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mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1525861020304916?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.06.003
summary:
  We 2 describe a phone call outreach program in which health care professional student volunteers 3 phoned older adults, living in long-term care facilities and the community, at risk of social 4 isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. We 2 describe a phone call outreach program in which health care professional student volunteers 3 phoned older adults, living in long-term care facilities and the community, at risk of social 4 isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. We created a phone call outreach program, Seniors Overcoming Social Isolation (SOS), in 48 which medical and health professions student volunteers (e.g. MD, MD/PhD, Neuroscience, 49 Genetic Counseling) called older adults, living in long-term-care facilities (LTCF) and the 50 community, at risk of social isolation during COVID-19. To reduce social isolation, we present a practical intervention leveraging health professions 112 graduate students contacting older adults and residents of independent and assisted living by 113 phone.

abstract:
  Abstract Social isolation has been associated with many adverse health outcomes in older adults. We describe a phone call outreach program in which health care professional student volunteers phoned older adults, living in long-term care facilities and the community, at risk of social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conversation topics were related to coping, including fears/insecurities, isolation, and sources of support; health; and personal topics such as family and friends, hobbies, and life experiences. Student volunteers felt the calls were impactful both for the students and for the seniors, and call recipients expressed appreciation for receiving the calls and for the physicians who referred them for a call. This phone outreach strategy is easily generalizable, and can be adopted by medical schools to leverage students to connect to socially-isolated seniors in numerous settings.


