cord-000333-4prvgmvt	2011	Gary Carr, who was a Nurse Practitioner at the AIDS Clinic at San Francisco General Hospital, described the perverse ambivalence of a wider community that lauds and praises nurses for their ''heroic efforts'' in the face of such public health crises. When, two decades later, SARS emerged as a potentially lethal viral infection, nurses and health care staff again faced considerable dangers as they strove to treat patients and protect their communities. In addition, Hall and colleagues in the US reported that: "Nursing assistants working in long-term care facilities have the highest incidence of workplace violence of any American worker". Perhaps if we return to the definition of heroism as ''providing service in the face of extreme personal danger'', then our Emergency Department nurses should allow themselves to feel, at least somewhat heroic. So too, the health, wellbeing, safety and experiences of patients, clients and families are dependent upon the often invisible and overlooked caring practices of nurses.
cord-009406-lgmq43or	2020	I never considered that nurses and our health care colleagues would be leading the nation to control, contain, and manage a global pandemic. And I am worried about the safety of nurses, student nurses, and other members of the health care team. We must be well represented by professional nursing organizations and use our collective voice to advocate for our patients, ourselves, our students, and our colleagues. In closing, I want to say thank you to all nurses and health care professionals. I am thankful for the nurse educators who are doing their best to keep their students on track and provide quality education. I am also grateful to the future nurses who are steadying themselves to provide care while making tremendous personal sacrifices to continue their education. Valdez, Thank you, Teaching and Learning in Nursing (2020), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teln.2020.04.001Teaching and Learning in Nursing 000 (2020) 1
cord-010787-n2fbdjjk	2019	Therefore, it is thought that examining the compassion levels of nurses working in medical and surgical clinics and intensive care units and determining the different variables that affect this level will make a significant contribution to the literature. The age average of the nurses participating in the study was 34.54 ± 7.18, and those following results were obtained: 94.3% of the nurses were female; 68.7% of them married; 85.9% of them have bachelor''s degree; their term of employment was 12.13 ± 7.96 years; their weekly working hours 43.86 ± 3.72 h; 42.7% of them work in medical clinics; 81.1% of them showed empathy with the patient ( Table 1) . In addition, there was a statistically significant difference between the education level of the nurses and their status of showing empathy to the patients and the CS total score average (p < .05, Table 3 ).
cord-011011-jxymy4e4	2020	Six categories of drivers to change were identified: availability of new knowledge or technology; guidelines or regulations from outside the unit; need to standardize practices; participation in research; occurrence of adverse events; and wish to improve care. 13 We carried out a qualitative study with physicians and nurses to explore how clinical or organizational innovations are introduced and implemented in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), a setting characterized by extreme patient fragility, complex technological environment, highly specialized multidisciplinary personnel. (Physician/Germany/39) In one case only the reported research, a randomized clinical trial to identify the lowest baby''s weight for safe transition from incubator to open cot, was designed by the informant and carried out within the unit itself: Nevertheless, when the change involves, as in this case, organizational modifications requiring compliance by the whole team and the parents, implementation can still be challenging:
cord-011818-z89m8dur	2020	Using multiple ordinal logistic regressions analysis, it was shown that sleep disturbance, depression, fatigue, a gastrointestinal disorder, and leg or foot discomfort as a single health problem significantly increased turnover intention. In this study, we used data collected from October 2018 to January 2019 (NRN T1, n = 204) and from March 2018 to May 2018 (ERN T1, n = 300) to analyze the association between health problems and turnover intention among shift work nurses. In this analysis, we defined shift work as a In this study, we used data collected from October 2018 to January 2019 (NRN T1, n = 204) and from March 2018 to May 2018 (ERN T1, n = 300) to analyze the association between health problems and turnover intention among shift work nurses. The SWNHT study questionnaire included questions regarding general and job-related characteristics, health-related variables (e.g., dietary habits, menstrual symptoms, exposure to blood and body fluid, sleep, fatigue, depression, physical activity, etc.), occupational stress, presenteeism, and turnover intention.
cord-018412-kv3vxmcw	2017	In future, increases in the number of ICU beds relative to bed numbers in other hospital wards will probably be contemplated, even in a scenario of decreasing costs; clinical protocols will be computerized and/or nurse-driven; more multicenter and international trials will be performed; and organizational strategies will concentrate ICU personnel in a few large units, to promote the flexible management of these healthcare workers. Moreover, extracorporeal organ support technologies will be improved; technology informatics will cover all the bureaucratic aspects of healthcare work, aiding the staff in workload assessment; and critical care multidisciplinary rounds and follow-up services for post-ICU patients will be implemented. • Development of methods for fast recognition of acute patients at high risk of rapid deterioration • Minimally invasive organ support technologies • New approaches to enhance patient comfort while reducing changes of consciousness • Effective process and outcome measurements for critical illness research and palliative and EOL care.
cord-031741-758rzzi5	2020	In particular, given the necessity and importance of nursing care in pandemics, natural and man-made crises require investment and interdisciplinary research to better understand the meaning of harm prevention in vulnerable work environments. It will also provide key mechanisms for improving the safety of nurses and increasing the quality of care in difficult working conditions to meet the expectations of governments and the public. Nurses working in clinical settings, typically the emergency room or intensive care units (ICUs) experience mental trauma, with 8.5% of them developing PTSD due to the frequent mental stress or physical symptoms associated with the care of patients with horrific injuries. The narratives, which address nurses'' work concerns in the COVID-19 pandemic, are thought-provoking and require the support of countries'' health care systems to better protect nurses from the dangers that threaten them.
cord-033769-kvi5k51d	2020	Nurses were called to action to provide care, education, and public health leadership under dire circumstances. Health disparities have been researched and reported on for decades, with little action being taken to address the root causes, including racism and the resulting impact on social determinants of health (Egede & Walker, 2020; Hardeman & Karbeah, 2020) . Racism and xenophobia have significantly impacted the health and wellness of Black, Indigenous, and People of Color in the United States, resulting in adverse social determinants of health and health outcomes. In the October Special Issue on Diversity, Inclusion, and Health Equity of Teaching and Learning in Nursing, Gravens and Goldfarb (2020) wrote about reaffirming our commitment to a nursing social mission. I hope that the nurse educators who are reading this editorial will commit to learning about and integrating public health issues, social determinants of health, social justice, and racism in their curricula and teaching.
cord-254654-sxbwwmil	2004	title: A pilot study on nurses'' attitudes toward perinatal bereavement support: a cluster analysis Abstract Aim: Nurses'' attitudes towards perinatal bereavement care are explored by identifying profiles of nurses working in a Hong Kong Obstetrics and Gynaecology (OAG) unit. Conclusion: Hong Kong nurses emphasized need for increased bereavement care knowledge and experience, improved communication skills, and greater hospital and team members'' support. The attitudes of nurses can affect the quality of care provided to support bereaved parents and families experiencing perinatal loss. An intensive study of the existing literature describing nurses'' attitudes towards perinatal bereavement revealed 21 items considered to be important to train nurses for caring and supporting bereaved parents and families. In this study, the attitudes of nurses in Hong Kong towards perinatal bereavement care emphasized their need for increased knowledge and experience, improved communication skills, and greater support from team members.
cord-256360-4glhydi8	2020	Currently, the incorporation of clinical evidence to guide the practice mediated by technologies such as protocols and guidelines, even with timid regulation in Brazil, was responsible for greater visibility and autonomy of nursing and, at the same time, created challenges for the nurse in the Health Care Network (HCN). From a historical perspective, the present study is justified by the debate, since Florence Nightingale, whose bicentenary is celebrated in 2020, the role and contributions of the practices developed by nursing under the perspective of nurses who are in charge of the pandemic in the management of different services and coping with major health emergencies. Representative CI emerged from the challenges mentioned by nurse managers, which were organized as shown in Figure The CI identified in the data were discussed based on scientific literature in order to articulate the theoretical aspects that influence illness since Florence to the nursing professional practices in the context of pandemic.
cord-257917-4496gzdu	2020	The purposes of the study were to determine the predictive relationships between Taiwanese nurses'' disaster competence, anticipatory disaster stress, and motivation for disaster engagement. Therefore, the purposes of the study were to determine the level of and relationships between Taiwanese nurses'' disaster competence, anticipatory disaster stress, and motivation for disaster engagement. In this study, individual differences are defined as a nurse''s personal characteristics that may influence their preparedness and motivation to engage in disaster events, such as gender, age, seniority in the hospital, educational level, hospital type, work unit, and job title. This study aimed to explore the relationships between disaster competence, anticipatory disaster stress, and motivation for disaster engagement among hospital nurses in Taiwan. The study found that even though hospitals held disaster courses and trainings every year, nurses had a worryingly low level of disaster competence, which correlated with their low motivation to participate in disaster rescue.
cord-259029-5qoxk2ym	2017	The care tradition was one of the reasons behind the 38 fatalities (a lethality rate of 20.4%) caused by the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in 2015 (Kim, 2015) , whereupon the inception of the Korean-CNCS began to emerge as the key solution. Furthermore, the Korean-CNCS caused inequity in access to healthcare when urban hospitals absorbed the nurse staffing of local hospitals to get more government grants, which eventually led to the closure of the only emergency center in a certain rural area (Kim, 2017 ). The multidisciplinary consilience can provide feasible solution(s)-not simply right answer(s)-to the important and yet unanswered question: i.e., balancing quality, cost and nurse staffing in the continuum of changes for better nursing workforce practice and policy-making (Park, 2017) . Failure to secure sufficient nursing workforce: 8% of all hospital beds are available for the Korean-CNCS, risking equity in access to healthcare
cord-260210-u4uosc5v	2020	A foundation of nursing practice is the duty of care with the attendant obligations to alleviate suffering, restore health and respect the rights and dignity of every patient. In such a scenario, another ethical principle, distributive justice is often sacrificed, where everyone has an unqualified right to the very best health care. In the current pandemic, teams that include nurses, may be actively involved in using triage principles that will lead to the withholding of potentially lifesaving equipment or facilities from some patients with COVID-19. But no clinician should have to make these decisions alone; rather, it should be a team endeavour, based on the very best ethical and clinical evidence, a view supported by Department of Health guidance ( DoH, 2020 ). Less than six months later, their responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, and that of nurses worldwide, demonstrates that in the face of more profound ethical dilemmas they continue to put patients first.
cord-260687-xa3iy187	2020	authors: Santillan-Garcia, Azucena; Zaforteza-Lallemand, Concha; Castro-Sanchez, Enrique The authors concluded that nursing leaders in Taiwan have worked collectively with the executive branch to ensure a good coordination among government agencies and the health service, including robust lobbying measures to ensure an adequate supply of personal protective equipment and quickly mobilise human and capital resources. On the other hand, the chronic absence of nurses from decision-making and, specifically, political fora (Wilson et al., 2020) suggests that for them to be seen as valuable peers, they will have to evaluate their existing narratives (Lunardi et al., 2006) , construct robust collective perspectives about current health and care affairs, and embrace the policy forming process (Salvage & White, 2019) . Precisely, other authors have highlighted already the dearth of effective senior nursing leaders in the COVID-19 response (Daly et al, 2020) , and the tensions stemming from focusing mostly on the acute need to safeguard strategic education, research, scholarship and practice positions, overlooking leadership in politics and public policy.
cord-262049-c8uzehft	2020	The aim of this study was to examine the anxiety status of the frontline clinical nurses in the designated hospitals for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan and to analyze the influencing factors, to provide data for psychologic nursing. The frontline nurses working in the designated hospitals for the treatment of COVID-19 in Wuhan had serious anxiety. Sex, age, length of service, and clinical working time against COVID-19 were associated with anxiety in those nurses. To understand the psychologic state of the first cohort of frontline nurses in the designated hospitals in Wuhan city, we investigated and analyzed their anxiety and the related factors, hoping to provide data for the psychologic intervention of frontline and rescue nurses. The general information questionnaire included sex, age, ethnicity, length of service, professional title, education level, marital status, and clinical working time against COVID-19.
cord-266405-l102f1e3	2020	Given the prevalence and impact of burnout on a variety of important outcomes, it is imperative that nursing schools, nursing management, healthcare organizations, and nursing professional associations work to develop and test the interventions to address key attitudinal and environmental factors that are most relevant to pediatric nurses. [56] 302 Nurses rated lack of regular staff meetings, dissatisfaction with the quality of the decision-making process, and providing futile treatment as significantly more stressful than physicians did Factors associated with triggering burnout: seeing too many painful procedures done to children, seeing too much sadness, seeing too much death, angry, yelling families, and non-compliant patients/ families Systems triggers: unreasonable policies, staffing shortages, insurance frustrations, paperwork, need to justify their position, and general healthcare system dysfunction Role-specific triggers: lack of support, feeling you are on your own, less respondents cited unclear expectations, change in role and lack of challenge Work overload: excessive demands of work
cord-268714-slejus63	2020	Method The Nursing Department of the hospital fully executed its functional authority to establish a three-level echelon of sustainable support, allocate human recourses dynamically, organize pre-service training, supervise the key working steps, formulate positive incentive methods, and deploy medical supplies scientifically. The leadership team adjusted priorities in nursing work according to the hospital''s actual situation, and formulated nursing work systems for the fever outpatient clinics and quarantine ward, as well as the corresponding standards for staff, to ensure that nursing work adheres to guidelines and standards. To ensure nursing quality, the Nursing Department followed the management model of Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital during the SARS epidemic, and four 6 h-shift model was used in the fever outpatient clinics and the isolation ward. During activation of the COVID-19 emergency plan in the hospital, budgeting of protective materials in the isolation wards and fever outpatient clinics during Chinese New Year was carried out.
cord-269099-q5nyzlhs	2020	The agent-based simulation was conducted to model nurses'' walking trails, and the distance of one nurse travel to assigned patient rooms was measured for each nurse. The agent-based simulation was conducted to model nurses'' walking trails, and the distance of one nurse travel to assigned patient rooms was measured for each nurse. With revisions in the spatial arrangement of patient rooms, locating multibed rooms near the nurse station, symmetric room layout centering the nurse station, and planning both single/double-bed and multi-bed rooms on one side of corridors, nurse travel distance decreased more than 15%. In the racetrack type units where single/double-bed and multi-bed rooms are located on the opposite sides of the floor (with the service core in the middle), nurses have to travel along both sides to care assigned patients. Among Korean inpatient unit case studies, Shin and Kang (2016) assessed nurse walking distances using traditional point-to-point linear measurement based on field interviews of nurses'' patient room assignments.
cord-269513-sbp7k287	2020	Informed by a conceptual framework of intention to stay in nursing (ITSN), previously identified factors including job satisfaction, stress/burnout and organizational commitment were investigated on general nurses working throughout the health services in the Republic of Ireland (ROI). The aim of this component of the study was to empirically assess the influence of Level 3 factors (job satisfaction, organisational commitment and stress/burnout) and Level 4 factors (demographics) on intention to stay in nursing of nurses currently working in the health service in ROI (public and private hospitals, nursing homes, community, public health, GP practices etc) throughout their career life span. Informed by a conceptual framework of intention to stay in nursing (ITSN), level 3 factors including job satisfaction, stress/burnout and organisational commitment were investigated on general nurses working throughout the health services in the Republic of Ireland (ROI).
cord-271098-urpjr0dz	2020	Over the course of these months we have seen travel bans, physical distancing, rapid acceleration of case counts into the millions both worldwide and in the United States (see Figure 1 ), deaths in the hundreds of thousands (World Health Organization [WHO] , 2020a), and brave healthcare providers on the frontline, often without the protection they need (American Nurses Association, 2020). By tracking the expressed needs of school nurses surrounding COVID-19, the NASN staff has worked tirelessly to build Coronavirus Disease 2019 Resources, including Return to School Guidance (NASN, 2020a). With schools closed, we are learning new ways to engage students in maintaining their health, while practicing within the constructs of ethical, legal, and professional nursing standards. School systems are relying on the expertise of school nurses to provide factual information about COVID-19; using their knowledge to develop plans that keep staff, students, and families healthy. School nurse Amy Ponce is making sure that distribution of instructional materials is done in manner that protects the health of students, families, and staff ( Figure 3 ).
cord-272381-3ky7tga9	2020	title: A study on the psychological needs of nurses caring for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 from the perspective of the existence, relatedness, and growth theory Encoding and analysis of the interview data showed that, from the perspective of the ERG theory, among the psychological needs of clinical nurses, the existence needs primarily manifested as needs for health and safety. Much of it is rumors, and I wish there were more official reports from the authorities." N4: "I hope that I won''t become infected by the virus."; "I miss the days when we could talk to each other without face masks"; "I hope Chinese scientists can find the source of infection and develop a vaccine as soon as possible." N8: "I hope that personal protective equipment is available every day so that I don''t have to worry as much about myself or my colleagues getting infected."; "I hope that the community hospital at home also provides sufficient medical services so that I feel more at ease at work and less worried about my family." N10: "There is a shortage of personal protective equipment in some hospitals right now.
cord-272431-miqovio9	2020	title: School Nursing Data Collection During COVID-19 Some school nurses are too overwhelmed to even think about data; others want to collect data differently to illustrate the value of the role of the school nurse. Other school nurses realize the need to collect different data to reflect the escalation in the level of care. This article provides insight into practical data points that school nurses can collect to reflect their contributions during COVID-19. Data collection reveals trends and is the basis of evidence-based school nursing practice (Lepkowski, 2018) . Begin with one key activity or data point (Hinkle & Maughan, 2020 Remember to focus on data points that illustrate critical thinking and skills only a school nurse can do. Let us make 2020-2021 the year school nurses shift to the new normal and put data front and center.■ Feasibility of collecting school nurse data Unlocking data collection: practical tips for school nurses
cord-274388-hk2103ir	2020	The pandemic, in combination with the death of George Floyd, has resulted in professional organizations condemning racism as a public health issue. But what is the role of individual nurse practitioners in addressing systemic racism within the healthcare system? America needs nurse practitioners to reimagine the healthcare system and to develop policy and legislation that results in change. America Needs Nurse Practitioners to Advocate for Social Justice Naila Russell As the nation reels from COVID-19, the pandemic has laid bare racial disparities within the health care system. 2 This ethical code provides a framework for social justice that all nurse practitioners should be following. Provision 8 of the Code of Ethics 2 calls for nurses to lead on issues of public health and to collaborate to change unjust structures. 4 Our code of ethics deems access to nursing a human right; thus, we must advocate for universal health care.
cord-279991-w2aoogjj	2020	As unmanaged anxiety or fear related to COVID-19 may potentially lead to long-term effects on nurses'' work performance and job satisfaction, leading to frequent absenteeism and eventual turnover (Lee et al., 2020; , it is critically important to examine whether frontline nurses'' fear of COVID-19 contributes to psychological distress, work satisfaction and intent to leave their organisation and the profession. After adjusting for nurse/unit/hospital characteristics, an increased level of fear of COVID-19 was associated with decreased job satisfaction (β = -0.165; p = 0.01), increased psychological distress (β = 0.464; p = 0.001) and increased organisational (β = 0.298; p = 0.001) and professional (β = 0.219; p = 0.001) turnover intentions. This study investigated the influence of fear of COVID-19 on frontline nurses'' job satisfaction, psychological distress, organisational turnover intention and professional turnover intention.
cord-280892-net44oxu	2020	The descriptive statistic of nurses'' social-demographic characteristics was conducted, and the related variables of work, anxiety, depression, perceived stress and fatigue were analyzed by t-tests, nonparametric test and Pearson''s correlation analysis. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed the participants in the risk groups of anxiety, depression and perceived stress had higher scores on physical and mental fatigue and the statistically significant positive correlation was observed between the variables and nurses'' fatigue, the frequency of exercise and nurses'' fatigue had a statistically significant negative correlation, and average daily working hours had a significantly positive correlation with nurses'' fatigue, and the frequency of weekly night shift had a low positive correlation with nurses'' fatigue (P<0.01). Government and health authorities need to formulate and take effective intervention strategies according to the relevant risk factors, and undertake preventive measures aimed at reducing health hazards due to increased work-related fatigue among first-line nurses, and to enhance their health status and provide a safe occupational environment worldwide.
cord-281460-el1xzqz4	2005	To be an integral part of the community''s plan for emergency preparedness in MCIs, nurses must have a basic level of education to appropriately respond and protect themselves and others, particularly during chemical, biological, radiologic, nuclear, and explosive (CBRNE) events. As part of a national emergency preparedness plan, JCAHO could mandate that health care institutions be required to document the competence of all employed registered nurses (RNs) and other health professionals regarding their ability to appropriately respond to MCIs. After September 2001, JCAHO modified its accreditation standards for hospitals to include requirements regarding emergency planning, exercises, and training [2] . To ensure that nurses are prepared to respond appropriately and safely to MCIs and to assist nursing schools and continuing education providers to meet this challenge, INCMCE developed a set of core competencies related to mass casualty incidents for all entry-level nurses.
cord-283943-cdjmsdta	2020	In response to the increasing pressures facing nurses working within overstretched and under-resourced healthcare systems, building personal resilience has been identified as being essential in coping with work related stress and adversity, maintaining job satisfaction, engaging in self-care and helping to address problems with workforce retention and staff well-being (Foster et al., 2019; Slatyer, Craigie, Heritage, Davis, & Rees, 2017) . However, whilst these interventions have been evaluated positively and have been shown to support personal resilience in the short-term, care must be taken to ensure that these interventions are not viewed as a panacea for the overarching problems facing healthcare services and the resultant challenges to those working within them. Health services need to follow the lead of nurses who are investing in their own personal resilience strategies by providing appropriate system level interventions and support mechanisms; this will not only enhance the personal resilience of individuals, but will also enhance systems resilience in the longer term.
cord-284123-gfxadhcj	2020	Now—in the Year of the Nurse and Midwife, during the COVID-19 pandemic—is the time to push forward on permanently removing APRN practice barriers. Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs) stand ready and willing to improve access to care across the United States, both during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs) stand ready and willing to improve access to care across the United States, both during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. Now-in the Year of the Nurse and Midwife, during the COVID-19 pandemic-is the time to push forward on permanently removing APRN practice barriers. A month later, all but seven (including Georgia) of the 28 states that limit NP practice have partially or fully waived APRN practice agreement requirements with physicians (American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 2020).
cord-284454-malfatni	2020	[5] [6] [7] [8] Therefore, providing care to patients who are injured during school-associated shooting events is likely to be particularly stressful for emergency nurses. The purpose of this study was to learn how emergency nurses describe their experiences to identify themes and findings that may translate to practices for improving the mental health and wellness of emergency nurses who care for patients from a multicasualty, school-associated shooting incident. Another participant predicted that community or critical access emergency departments receiving patients from a multicasualty school shooting event may experience even greater emotional challenges because these departments are more likely to have staff who may personally know the victims or their families. Learning from emergency nurses who care for patients from a multicasualty, school-associated shooting event may promote personal and departmental preparedness and improve coping and recovery among the involved clinicians.
cord-285741-1n7kwx91	2020	While the COVID-19 pandemic took away the ability to celebrate ''our'' year in the way we planned, it has ultimately shone a giant light on the incredible work of midwives and nurses and has provided an opportunity to lead and showcase our true worth more than ever beforethis has been real visibility and commemoration. What would Florence think about todaya COVID-19 world where nurses and midwives are again at the front and centre of what is happening in every country. Florence would be proud of usof the millions of midwives and nurses all over the world courageously stepping up and stepping forward to deliver the best patient care in hospitals, health facilities and in the community.
cord-286889-l765mxmy	2010	Eight themes, including (1) defining disaster, (2) nursing during and after disaster, (3) nursing education in disaster preparedness, (4) military nurse preparedness, (5) postdisaster stress, (6) ethical issues and intent to respond, (7) policy, and (8) hospital emergency policy, were derived from the review and are explored in this article. Although some nurses identified their experiences of working during and in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina and other health emergencies as rewarding, they also identified planning and education as critical needs for providing care in future disasters. 20 Specifically, the guidelines state that baccalaureate nursing programs should prepare graduates to use clinical judgment appropriately and provide timely interventions when making decisions and performing nursing care during disasters, mass casualties, and other emergency situations. Because the literature reveals that working during disasters and traumatic situations causes increased stress for nurses, it is necessary to include information related to disorders that have been associated with experiencing traumatic situations.
cord-288022-xh10ccki	2020	title: Stressors of nurses in psychiatric hospitals during the COVID-19 outbreak This was the first novel coronavirus epidemic in psychiatric hospitals in China. The participants worked in a psychiatric hospital with more than 1200 inpatients during the COVID-19 outbreak located in Chengdu city, Sichuan Province, in the west of China. In addition, although general clinics were closed, 3 to 5 psychiatric patients with severe symptoms, especially aggressive behaviors, were admitted from the emergency room every day. The lack of contingency plans for public health emergencies in the psychiatric hospital also brought big challenges to nurses'' daily work. "I have been working in the psychiatric hospital for 14 years, but recently I feel so sorry for being a psychiatry nurse. Psychiatric hospitals should better care for mental patients during novel coronavirus outbreak The risk and Prevention of novel coronavirus pneumonia infections among inpatients in psychiatric hospitals
cord-288460-4flu5jvx	2020	title: Leading Our Frontline HEROES Through Times of Crisis With a Sense of Hope, Efficacy, Resilience, and Optimism To augment the mental health of their frontline staff, nurse leaders must tap into their staff''s psychological capital (PsyCap). PsyCap is characterized by having high levels of HERO (i.e., hope, efficacy, resilience, and optimism). PsyCap an individual''s positive psychological state of development, PsyCap is characterized by having high levels of HERO (i.e., hope, efficacy, resilience, and optimism). PsyCap is an individual''s positive psychological state of development and is characterized by having high levels of HERO (i.e., hope, efficacy, resilience, and optimism). 6 Consequently, by investing in their own well-being, nurse leaders are more likely to portray a sense of hope, efficacy, resiliency, and optimism, and to encourage others to exhibit them as well. Therefore, a developed and well-managed, PsyCap initiative can provide enormous benefits for nurse leaders, frontline staff, and health care organizations.
cord-289076-8iymevqm	2007	Three multiple regression analysis revealed that the model we evolved—including higher levels of vigor, organizational support, and trust in equipment/infection control initiative; and lower levels of contact with SARS patients, and time spent in quarantine—predicted to lower levels of avoidance behavior, emotional exhaustion, and state anger. We hypothesized that greater vigor, organizational support, and trust in equipment/infection control, and less contact with SARS patients and time spent in quarantine, would predict to lower levels of emotional exhaustion, state anger, and avoidance behavior. The five independent measures (predictors) were three psychosocial variables, vigor, organizational support, and trust in equipment/ infection control initiatives; and two working conditions variables, contact with SARS patients, and time spent in quarantine. State anger was positively correlated to avoidance behavior, contact with SARS patients, and greater time in quarantine; and negatively related to vigor, organizational support, and trust in equipment/ infection control initiatives.
cord-295243-6osemfvk	2020	Indeed, we see reports that nurses in many parts of the world are grappling with shortages of much-needed supplies including personal protective equipments such as masks, gloves and gowns, yet are actively embracing the challenges presented by COVID-19. Nurse educators and administrators are tasked with ensuring that students meet academic requirements while recognising the current pressures faced by health services and the need for nurses to be able to simultaneously meet the demands on them as nurses, students, parents, siblings, partners and the myriad of other roles that each nurse has to manage in their daily lives. The way this crisis has unfolded has meant that we have all sorts of new challenges in seeking to meet the health needs of our populations.
cord-298400-tn5mw07n	2020	The scale consists of 5 dimensions and 30 items: i) professional identity evaluation, 9 items, views on importance or value of nursing, feelings and beliefs on nursing profession, and person-post matching; ii) professional social support, 6 items, the recognition and support from patients, medical and nursing colleagues, managers, and important others like their families; iii) professional social proficiency, 6 items, the interpersonal communication and cooperation capability for adapting to professional working environment; iv) dealing with professional frustration, 6 items, the cognitive style and action mode adopted while encountering professional stress and frustrations; and v) professional self-reflection, 3 items, the self-exploration, self-correction and critical judgment in work, a process of in-depth understanding of self and occupation. Except for the education level, most characteristics of the normative sample including age, years of nursing experience, working department, position, professional title, marital status, and job type are consisting with the current study.
cord-300576-7sumvulc	2020	NPG ensures nursing quality, provides structure for nursing practice decisions, and professional development through engagement of bedside clinical nurse leaders. In our effort to support clinical bedside nurse leaders during this crisis, we used the NPG structure to collaborate with nurse leaders and prioritize ways to meet our nursing communities pressing needs. In addition, we met regularly with service-line and hospital-level NPG councils and focused our attention on COVID-19 nursing practice concerns. Providing the resource of the NPG chair''s availability to engage with councils during the pandemic allowed timely responses and J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f dissemination of important information. The support of our Chief Nursing Officer and Nursing Professional Governance liaison was essential to the influence that our NPG structure and all of its members had on rapidly implementing practice innovations, timely communication, and providing system solutions to challenges created by the COVID-19
cord-302381-oujsmf8d	2006	The following evaluation of yellow fever, cholera and the Spanish influenza will illustrate a continuity in epidemic nurses'' feelings of fear and isolation from the mid-19th to the early 20th century. The five submissions studied were: the Canadian Nursing Association Brief to the National Advisory Committee on SARS and Public Health On 5 March 2003, SARS claimed its first Ontario victim when Sui-chu Kwan, a 78-year-old woman who had returned from a trip to Hong Kong, died of the disease. Instead, the silencing of nurses proved deadly as the SARS virus continued to spread placing both the public and health care workers at heightened risk. It is evident that nurses had little knowledge of previous public health crises and no context in which to place the SARS epidemic. That is they reacted to health care crisis of unknown epidemiology with much fear and, due to the nature of nursing during these crises, are prone to feelings of isolation.
cord-303903-d1n6eayo	2020	It is always difficult to prepare for the unknown, but at least nursing has started the decade on the right path, thanks to the World Health Organization''s (WHO) designation of 2020 as the International Year of the Nurse and Midwife. A recent report, The 2019 report of The Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: ensuring that the health of a child born today is not defined by a changing climate (Watts 2019), has laid bare the realities of global warming and the calamitous effects it will have if it continues on its current path. The Lancet''s prescription for dealing with these potentially catastrophic consequences includes phasing out coal power worldwide, ensuring wealthy countries keep to their financial promises to help low-income countries, increasing access to efficient, active transport systems based around walking and cycling, and making major investments in adapting health systems to reduce the impact of climate change. World Health Organization (2020a) Year of the Nurse and Midwife
cord-307263-znuqdzdp	2020	Previous studies have shown that during sudden natural disasters and infectious diseases, nurses will sacrifice their own needs to actively participate in the anti-epidemic work and make selfless contributions out of moral and professional responsibility [7] . Previous studies have shown that when nurses are in close contact with patients with emerging infectious diseases such as SARS [9] , MERS-Cov [10, 11] , Ebola [12] , H1N1 [13] , they will suffer from loneliness, anxiety, fear, fatigue, sleep disorders, and other physical and mental health problems. This study explored the psychological experience of caregivers of patients with COVID-19 using phenomenological methods and we summarised our findings into four themes: significant amounts of negative emotions at an early stage, self-coping styles, growth under stress, and positive emotions that occur simultaneously or progressively with negative emotions.
cord-307797-28y11ee7	2020	METHODS: Survey data from nurses and patients in 254 hospitals in New York and Illinois between December 2019 and February 2020 document associations of nurse staffing with care quality, patient experiences and nurse burnout. The main purpose of this study is to provide relevant evidence to inform hospital nurse staffing legislation under consideration in two states (New York (NY) and Illinois (IL)) 18 19 by determining the variation across hospitals in patient-to-nurse staffing and its association with quality of care including nurse job outcomes (eg, burnout), nursereported measures of care quality and patient reports of satisfaction with their care. Using recent data in two states currently considering staffing legislation we describe the variation in hospital nurse staffing and the associated consequences in terms of nurse burnout and patient care quality and safety.
cord-312229-k249jkse	2012	Purpose To compare the differences between northern and southern hospitals in Mainland China with respect to nurses'' job satisfaction. The key findings of this study include: (a) the greatest differences in demographics between respondents in the 2 regions were in age, educational level, and annual salary (respondents in northern hospitals were older and had higher educational levels, yet received lower pay compared with their colleagues in the southern region); and (b) despite these salary differences, those in the north consistently rated their job satisfaction greater in all areas except for professional opportunities. The findings of this study may help Chinese health care administrators develop strategies in improving nurses'' job satisfaction that take regional characteristics into consideration, such as educational, income and consumption level, and philosophical and cultural differences.
cord-313229-5oc0lisi	2008	ICT has opened new channels of communication, creating the beginnings of a global information society that will facilitate access to isolated areas where health needs are extreme and where nursing can contribute significantly to the achievement of "Health for All." The purpose of this article is to discuss the relationships between globalization, health, and ICT, and to illuminate opportunities for nursing in this flattening and increasingly interconnected world. Nursing leadership, creativity, advocacy, and experience are needed to provide stewardship for health ICT growth and application in the face of a complex, interconnected, and increasingly globalized world. Examples of success stories from a global perspective include: (1) advances in education and collaborative learning, (2) telenursing/ telehealth, (3) movement toward electronic health records (EHRs), (4) nursing knowledge management and knowledge generation. Interoperability from a global perspective requires international standards in many dimensions such as messaging, security, language, ethical information use, ICT management, and other areas-all of which impact nursing and EHRS.
cord-315364-8eh55yt2	2020	In 2011, job satisfaction, Nurse Participation in Hospital Affairs, Nurse Foundations of Quality Care, Nurse Manager Leadership Support, Staff and Resource Adequacy, and Subscale Composite scores were significantly lower for respondents who indicated they were leaving for PPL reasons. Study Design: We used 2018 survey data with NFP supervisors that assessed agency-level collaboration, as measured by relational coordination and structural integration with nine community provider types (including obstetrics care, substance use treatment, and child welfare). Authors: Jane Bolin, Jodie Gary, Cynthia Weston, Nancy Downing, Allison Pittman, Cherrie Pullium Objective: The goal of this mixed methods study was to conduct both quantitative and qualitative research with dissemination to community partners toward forming a united regional consortium focused on increasing access to opioid use disorder (OUD) prevention, treatment, and recovery, ultimately improving the health and wellbeing of children and families.
cord-316157-7nci4q1q	2020	This study used a descriptive phenomenological design to describe the lived experience of acute care nurses working with limited access to PPE during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Existing studies have focused on hospital preparation, availability of resources, and the safety of patients (Barbisch & Koenig, 2006; Karabacak, Ozturk, & Bahcecik, 2011; Ruchlewska et al., 2014; Tzeng & Yin, 2008) , the education of hospital staff (Powers, 2007) , emergency room nurses'' description and management during a crisis (Vasli and Dehghan-Nayeri, 2016) , and the psychological impact of disease outbreaks on hospital workers (Sun et al., 2020; Wu et al., 2009; Yin & Zeng, 2020) . The purpose of this study was to describe the lived experience of acute care nurses working with limited access to PPE during the COVID-19 pandemic. This qualitative descriptive phenomenological study explored the lived experiences of acute care nurses working on the frontline during the COVID-19 disease outbreak. Descriptive phenomenology was chosen as the design for the current study because it explored and described the participants'' everyday experiences as they lived them while working with limited PPE on the frontline of the 2020 COVID-19 crisis.
cord-316853-vaea6siv	2020	Therefore, the primary aim of this study is to quantitatively assess the prevalence of depressive symptoms in nurses from Chinese mainland and its primary related influencing factors by systematic review and meta-analysis. The following information was extracted from all included studies: title, year of publication, province, sample size, number of positive cases, diagnostic methods and other potential factors that may affect the prevalence of depressive symptoms in nurses and that was provided in the studies. In addition, subgroup analysis was performed based on other potential sources of heterogeneity, such as province, regions (Northwest, Southwest, Northeast, South, Central, East and North China), severity of depressive symptoms, department, gender, age, job title, marriage, education background, shift work and hospital grade (if available).
cord-321584-4bu0lps0	2020	BACKGROUND: As frontline providers of care, nurses and midwives play a critical role in controlling infections such as COVID-19, influenza, multi-drug resistant organisms and health care associated infections. As nurses and midwives have the most contact with patients and as an important first step in improving compliance, this study sought to explore nurses'' and midwives'' knowledge on the role of the environment in infection prevention and control and identify challenges in maintaining clean patient environments. As frontline providers of care, nurses and midwives play a vital role in prevention and control of infections such as COVID19, influenza, multi-drug resistant organisms (MDROs) and health care associated infections (HCAIs) more broadly. We asked participants to indicate who was responsible for cleaning four items, two frequently touched items (bed rails and nurse call bells) and two items of shared medical equipment (IV pole and IV pump).
cord-321827-e7zc44ca	2017	This paper reports on this overview, which aimed to identify high quality evidence of the determinants and consequences of turnover in nurses working in the field of adult health care services and bring that evidence together into one place to highlight where strong enough evidence to support managerial decisions exists and where gaps in the evidence may indicate the need for further research, particularly when considered in the context of the broader management literature regarding turnover. The empirical evidence shows that stress and issues concerning leadership consistently exert both direct and indirect effects on job satisfaction and intent to leave There are a number of published articles characterized by loosely defined terms The main reasons for reviews being in the moderate rather than strong evidence category were the lack of publication of an a priori protocol, varying levels of details about the search strategy performed, the failure to have two reviewers check the selection and data extraction, not providing a list of both included and excluded primary studies (with the exception of Toh et al.
cord-325785-87wh5cct	2020	Through an examination of the practice of kangaroo care (skin-to-skin holding), human milk production and feeding, as well as, practices related to contact/touch, we offer a portrait of the performance of the community of care in the space of the NICU. In this paper we re-read the NICU to consider the multiple acts/ practices of care that take place and argue that these acts of care are both a joint accomplishment of the community that comes together in the NICU and are part of a space where power over knowledge, training, and participation in care work unfolds in messy and uneven ways. As parents participate in the medical care, such as providing support for the nursing staff who are doing "cares" and through kangaroo care and the provision (when possible) of human milk, another site of care is found in making the NICU a care-full space.
cord-332818-62xkb6mv	2014	Nurses continue to report high levels of job-related injury and illness. In a study in the Netherlands, 57% of nurses had musculoskeletal pain in at least one region (2) . In another study in Brazil, 80.7% of nurses complained of musculoskeletal pain (3) . It seems that work-related musculoskeletal pain and injuries are common among nurses all over the world. 2-Work overload and stress are other factors that threaten the health of nurses and can cause burnout and fatigue. Working in three shifts (6, 7) , in difficult settings such as oncology or emergency wards (8, 9) , and caring of incurable patients puts a considerable psychologic, spiritual, and physical pressures on nurses (7). In a study, 43.4% of nurses reported excessive fatigue (6) . Associations between night work and anxiety, depression, insomnia, sleepiness and fatigue in a sample of Norwegian nurses The factors associated with the burnout syndrome and fatigue in Cypriot nurses: a census report
cord-334039-7nwq4vxk	2018	BACKGROUND: Mounting evidence suggests that holding multiple concurrent jobs in public and private (dual practice) is common among health workers in lowas well as high-income countries. Its specific objectives are (1) to map out the existing literature on the subject, determining its prevalence and distribution across geographies, publication types (e.g. peer-reviewed, grey), and specific topics addressed; (2) summarise the evidence, perspectives, and specific contents addressed; and (3) propose an agenda to advance research and development activities to first identify and then mitigate any pervasive effects of nurses'' dual practices to UHC, based on the scoping review results. The evidence available suggests that the consequences of this phenomenon are not negligible, particularly for the health of those nurses ending up working longer hours and hospital shifts because of their multiple commitments [39, 51] , but also for the organisation of public and private health services facing a more ''casual'' and less-committed kind of workforce [21] .
cord-334956-pi8ifpcy	2020	title: Implementing a nurse-enabled, integrated, shared-care model involving specialists and general practitioners in breast cancer post-treatment follow-up: a study protocol for a phase II randomised controlled trial (the EMINENT trial) This study aims to test the feasibility of the EMINENT intervention for implementing an integrated, shared-care model involving both cancer centre specialists and community-based general practitioners for early breast cancer post-treatment follow-up. The objective of the study is to test the feasibility of a prospective, pragmatic randomised controlled trial (RCT) of the EMINENT intervention-a nurse-enabled, integrated, shared-care model involving cancer specialists and GPs for early breast cancer post-treatment follow-up. Training includes provision of study manual containing • Generic study information: standard operating procedures, study overview, reporting and documentation guidelines, communication flowchart, rationale for the study treatment, completion of survivorship care plan, self-management goal setting, and health coaching • Specialist Cancer Nurse-specific information: job description, intervention protocol, quality assurance, and monitoring An 8-h training program will be delivered by Experts in Cancer Survivorship and motivational interviewing.
cord-335737-eq6pibjy	2020	This is a powerful historical impediment for a nursing profession that is increasingly highly scientific and academic in practice and central to the need to increase the focus on preventative primary health care. Modelling has described a current shortfall of 5.9 million nurses throughout the world, with shortages in high-, middle-and lowincome countries and with worse outcomes for low-income counNursing leadership is frequently not esteemed in the academic or political sectors, where powerful medical paradigms dominate, again, operating from a socially oppressed standpoint where nursing knowledge is situated beneath a dominant medical discourse and standpoint, oblivious to the social privilege associated with the elevated position it holds. Within our academies, nursing academics need to be kinder, more respectful, empathetic, and inclusive of difference if we are to succeed as a profession of the future, transforming our science and practice of caring within an integrated health system that contributes to equitable public good.
cord-337982-t3zbfvlo	2020	Thinking globally is not an academic exercise but a way of seeing that enriches perspectives, increases knowledge, and makes nurses more motivated and effective as leaders, practitioners, managers, teachers, researchers, policy-makers and activists. "It begins with understanding the policies and politics of globalization, the growing interdependence of the world''s people, [which] means that national policy and action are increasingly shaped by international forces along with other aspects of our lives" (2) . Whether they work in government, management, education, advanced practice, research or development, they need to know how to maximize their distinctive contribution to shaping, influencing and implementing policy decisions (12) . Commit to learning more about the global health agenda, above all the SDGs. Know where regional and international organizations and your national and local government stand on key international health and nursing matters, and lobby them. International health and nursing policy and politics today: a snapshot
cord-339399-36wo66rl	2020	COVID-19 has officially consumed every nurse leader''s time and efforts. Sylvain Trepanier, DNP, RN, CENP, FAONL, FAAN COVID-19 has officially consumed every nurse leader''s time and efforts. And I am reminded that hope is not a plan; therefore, now is the time to show up as nurse leaders and make a difference. Stay home and follow up with their primary care provider Self-quarantine for a period of at least 14 days Practice hand hygiene and respiratory etiquette Stay calm (this latter may be hard to do with the way messages are sometimes conveyed on public and social media) To that end, nurse leaders are encouraged to consider educating all constituents in promoting physical distancing, promoting the use of virtual clinics, eliminating visitations, screening everyone entering a building, cohorting patients, and collaborating with city, military, and state organizations.
cord-341815-of47ogow	2020	T he Covid-19 pandemic-with, at the time of this writing, nearly two million cases worldwide and 113,030 deaths 1 -has highlighted many of the difficult ethical issues that health care professionals confront in caring for patients and families. Organizations should support decisions to delay or deny treatment in those difficult cases when the absence of PPE poses significant risks to nurses and others so that health care workers can fulfill their duty to protect themselves and their duty to patients who need their care. 5 Triage guidelines use stringent clinical criteria and frameworks-usually developed in advance of public health crises-to guide a health care system''s decisions about which patients are most likely to benefit during a crisis from the allocation of, for example, a scarce intensive care unit (ICU) bed, invasive ventilation, or extra corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).
cord-342321-foqbckcx	2020	In response to improving upon a leadership development program at a US regional medical center, coupled with the understanding that transformational leadership is linked with better outcomes, as a first step, we examined the perceived leadership styles, outcomes of leadership, and level of self-efficacy among nurse leaders, namely nurse managers, clinical supervisors, and nurse directors. In an effort to improve professional development for nurse leaders at a regional medical center located in the mid-Atlantic area of the United States, we conducted this hospital-based survey to examine the perceived leadership style, outcomes of leadership, and self-efficacy among nurse leaders at one of the third busiest hospitals in its state. 16, 17 We conducted the survey between June and July of 2019, utilizing a cross-sectional approach to examine the perceived leadership styles, outcomes of leadership, and level of self-efficacy among nurse leaders, inclusive of nurse managers, clinical supervisors, and nurse directors at a single-site regional medical center located in the mid-Atlantic area of the United States.
cord-345746-6jvqsvy5	2020	Over the past few months there has, however, been some increased recognition of the critically important role that nurses play in long-term care. First and foremost it is the availability of appropriate and sufficient personal protective equipment (PPE) to keep them as safe as possible while they are providing the intimate care necessary for 2 residents within these settings. Nurses evaluate the function and behavior of their residents day by day, as opposed to the moment of time that a telehealth visit provides. Moreover, direct care workers and nurses in long-term care can provide the assessment information needed to diagnose and treat a resident following a more careful and comprehensive work up. Further, advance practice nurses can now order home health care services for patients, and we are all aware of the changes in allowing for telehealth visits across multiple settings. In closing, remember to thank the nurses providing care to your residents.
cord-349412-n9bt1zpc	2020	We believe it is time to reflect on how nurse leaders need to reinstate our preferred person-centered decisionmaking models and processes and regain our visibility across the healthcare system. Now is the time for nurse leaders to be increasingly visible and active participants with other key decision makers, to offer our creativity and, for example, our extensive experience of practice development and quality improvements that can enable transformation in the system, grounded in enhancing staff and patient experience. These are extraordinary times, especially as it appears that should we experience further waves of COVID-19, we need to be prepared and draw on the investment in nursing leadership, a global focus for a number of years, and ensure that it is visible and effective at a strategic level.
cord-349865-c7tu6g9o	2020	Abstract The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic caused a rapid and seismic shift in the provision of nursing education. Precis Nursing education during a global pandemic has provided another opportunity for nurses to demonstrate our agility. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic caused a rapid and seismic shift in the provision of nursing education. Keywords: COVID-19, nursing education, online learning, pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, teaching Many of us teaching at the graduate level are bringing advanced nursing education to our students who are now working on the pandemic frontlines. I bring in the beyond because my nursing education work also involves nursing workforce capacity building in sub-Saharan Africa. The greatest adaptation to nursing education felt at the university where I teach was the transition to remote learning, as has been the case around the globe. Nursing education during this pandemic has provided another opportunity for nurses to demonstrate our agility.
cord-350822-m3t7l9zw	2020	AIMS: To investigate the work stress among Chinese nurses who are supporting Wuhan in fighting against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection and to explore the relevant influencing factors. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the work stress load among Chinese nurses who support Wuhan in fighting against COVID-19 infection and to explore the relevant influencing factors for the development of psychological interventions for Chinese nurses in order that they can adjust to public health emergencies. The results showed that whether the participants are the only child in their families, working hours per week and anxiety were the main factors influencing the stress load of nurses assisting in the fight against COVID-19, which can explain 52.1% of the total variation, as shown in Table 2 .
cord-351637-jz2x8zwq	2020	The International Council of Nurses has called for governments to make the provision of such equipment their number one priority to prevent further loss of life among the nurses caring for the world''s most vulnerable patients. But over the past four months, we have seen the world rocked by the COVID-19 pandemic, and all the plans for the celebration of the International Year of the Nurse and Midwife have been put on hold. Whatever the eventual outcome of the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses will continue to provide intimate care for people who need it, whoever and wherever they are. The newly released State of the World''s Nursing report (WHO 2020), co-authored by ICN, WHO and Nursing Now, reveals how many more nurses are needed to provide health care for all.