# ent

id: cord-258965-g47n531n
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  cord 258965 g47n531n authors Ekpenyong Bernadine Obinwanne Chukwuemeka J Ovenseri Ogbomo Godwin Ahaiwe Kelechukwu Lewis Okonokhua O Echendu Damian C Osuagwu Uchechukwu L title


id: cord-269476-lrk4ty99
type: FAC
entity:
  Guinea Preliminary Report Ebola Underscoring the Global Disparities in Health Care Resources WHO Ebola Response Team Ebola Virus Disease


id: cord-280393-z9mttvep
type: ORG
entity:
  the Niger Delta Amnesty International Publications Amnesty International CEHRD 2013 Bad Information Oil Spill Investigations


id: cord-289907-wzctqkd7
type: GGP
entity:
  Kanu N E Olawepo O A Aruna O Michael C A Dunkwu L Ipadeola O Naidoo D Umeokonkwo C D Matthias A Okunromade O Badaru S


id: cord-289907-wzctqkd7
type: ORG
entity:
  Nigeria Federal Ministry of Health 2020 Nigeria Health Facility Registry Nigeria Health Facility Registry Geographic


id: cord-326686-0m8m7nk0
type: ORG
entity:
  the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada Partnership Development Grant Constructive Substantive Transparency


id: cord-355173-rnley2ow
type: ORG
entity:
  the World Health Organization Genomic Characterization of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Related Coronavirus


# bib

id: cord-010149-zupx8qn1
author: Ni, Yijun
date: 2020-04-21
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7171763/
doi: 10.1186/s12862-020-01608-5
title:
  Phylogeography and genetic diversity of the copepod family Cyclopidae (Crustacea: Cyclopoida) from freshwater ecosystems of Southeast Nigeria

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Copepods are key components of aquatic ecosystems and can help regulate the global carbon cycle. Much attention has been paid to the species diversity of copepods worldwide, but the phylogeography and genetic diversity of copepods in Nigeria is unexplored. RESULTS: Using a mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I marker, we preformed phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses for Cyclopidae copepods in Southeast Nigeria. A high species diversity of Cyclopidae in Nigeria: 5 species of Tropocyclops, 5 species of Mesocyclops and 2 species of Thermocyclops from Cyclopidae were identified in 15 populations. Moreover, we detected 18 unique haplotypes, which fell into two distinct clades. Pairwise genetic distances (uncorrected p-distances) among the species of Cyclopidae ranged from 0.05 to 0.257. Several species co-existed in the same lake, and some haplotypes were shared among different geographic populations, suggesting a dispersal of Cyclopidae in our sampling region. Finally, we found that the population genetic diversity for each species of Cyclopidae was low in Nigeria. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings explored the species diversity and distribution of copepods within the family Cyclopidae for 15 Nigerian freshwater ecosystems: a high species diversity of Cyclopidae copepods was detected over a small geographic sampling range. Results from this study contribute to a better understanding of copepod diversity of Nigerian freshwater ecosystems.


id: cord-013286-5lxy8qrq
author: Bolarinwa, Obasanjo A.
date: 2020-09-18
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7564680/
doi: 10.4102/phcfm.v12i1.2552
title:
  Factors associated with low contraceptive use amongst vulnerable mothers in South West State, Nigeria

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Young mothers tend to be more prone to high maternal and perinatal risks and are thus deemed vulnerable to adverse sexual and reproductive health rights (SRHR) in terms of their right to choose contraceptives of their choice to enhance their maternal well-being and childbirth spacing should be well discussed. Achieving sufficient SRHR may be averted if the use of family planning by disadvantaged groups is not given required attention. AIM: This study aimed to identify and analyse the factors associated with the low use of contraceptives amongst vulnerable women in the South West region in Nigeria. SETTING: The study area was purposively chosen to capture contraceptive use amongst vulnerable women in Osun State, Nigeria. METHODS: A primary data collection was done in three senatorial districts of Osun State, Nigeria, with 140 respondents each to give a total of 420 respondents. Collected data were analysed using univariate, bivariate and multivariate measures. RESULTS: The result showed a magnitude of association and relationship at both levels of analyses. Living arrangements and family types were 89% and 88.3%, respectively, associated with family planning use. In the same vein, living arrangement and family types were also statistically significant at p < 0.05with an odds ratio of 0.23 (95% CI: 0.1184–0.4583) and an odds ratio of 0.35 (95% CI: 0.1756–0.6970) with family planning use, respectively. CONCLUSION: We concluded that policies and interventions to accelerate and encourage contraceptives use amongst vulnerable mothers in South West, Nigeria should be targeted at those whose husbands lived elsewhere and those whose husbands have more than one wife.


id: cord-020199-rm0c2vu9
title: Exploring the Determinants of Internet Usage in Nigeria: A Micro-spatial Approach
author: Odusanya, Kayode
date: 2020-03-10
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7134309/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-45002-1_26
abstract:
  The dearth of Information Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure in the Sub-Saharan Africa region underscores the argument that the spread of broadband infrastructure can foster internet adoption in the region. Consequently, the aim of this paper is to present results on the determinants of internet adoption in a sub-Saharan African country. Drawing on a dataset of households in Nigeria, this study presents findings on the demographic, socio-economic and infrastructure factors that predict internet usage in Nigeria. The novelty of our analysis stems from a unique dataset constructed by matching geo-referenced information from an inventory of network equipment to a nationally representative street-level survey of over 20,000 Nigerians, by far one of the largest technology adoption surveys in sub-Saharan Africa to date within the information systems literature. The results are discussed and concluding remarks highlighting next steps are made.


id: cord-031151-7wln54vr
title: Exploring Contemporary Sea Piracy in Nigeria, the Niger Delta and the Gulf of Guinea
author: Nwalozie, Chijioke J
date: 2020-08-31
txt: ./txt/cord-031151-7wln54vr.txt
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url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7457895/
doi: 10.1007/s12198-020-00218-y
summary:
  Furthermore, piracy attacks in Nigerian waters and the Gulf of Guinea, including those on energy vessels, involve cases of armed robbery at sea, with pirates boarding and robbing the ship while in port or from small speedboats or rubber zodiacs while the vessel is underway (Nincic 2009; ASI Global 2010; Essien 2015) . Piratical attacks in the Gulf of Guinea is a severe risk that impedes economic progress in the region, especially Nigeria''s shipping industry, thereby deterring prospective investors (Nightingale 2019 ) the opportunity to do business. Since what affects Nigeria affects the Gulf of Guinea; governments in the region, and especially Nigeria must be up to speed in ensuring against the threat to economic activities as a result of maritime piracy, hence the need for high-level security operatives that patrol the waters.

abstract:
  Piracy is a global crime which impedes the free movement of ships containing people and goods, with its attendant economic ramifications. The perpetrators are usually heavily armed, with sophisticated weapons to enable them to hijack a vessel or vessels and redirect them to their desired location for the payment of an expected ransom. This paper thematically explores contemporary piracy in the African state of Nigeria, the Niger Delta and the Gulf of Guinea. Nigeria is undeniably a rich country based on its economic, agricultural and population advantages, but criminal activities like piracy have been a significant disadvantage. Most of the piracy activities happening in Nigeria are mainly located in the Niger Delta region, the heart of Nigeria’s oil and gas exploration. Some of the unemployed youths of the region use piracy activities as a fightback against the so-called “resource control” embarked upon by the Federal Government of Nigeria, which disadvantages them.


id: cord-258965-g47n531n
author: Ekpenyong, Bernadine
date: 2020-07-16
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145141
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17145141
title:
  Assessment of Knowledge, Practice and Guidelines towards the Novel COVID-19 among Eye Care Practitioners in Nigeria–A Survey-Based Study

abstract:
  The aim of this study was to explore knowledge, practice of risk and guidelines of the novel corona virus disease (COVID-19) infection among the eye care practitioners and the potential associated factors. A cross-sectional self-administered online survey was distributed via emails and social media networks between 2nd and 18th May 2020 corresponding to the week of the lockdown in Nigeria to eye care practitioners (ECPs). Data for 823 respondents were analyzed. Knowledge and risk practice were categorized as binary outcome and univariate and multivariate linear regression were used to examine the associated factors. The mean score for COVID-19-related knowledge of public health guidelines was high and varied across the ECPs. Ophthalmic Nurses, Ophthalmologists and Optometrists showed higher COVID-19-related knowledge than other ECPs (p < 0.001), particularly those working in the private sector. More than 50% of ECPs stated they provided essential services during the COVID-19 lockdown via physical consultation, particularly the Ophthalmologists. Most respondents reported that the guidelines provided by their Association were useful but expressed their lack of confidence in attending to patients during and after the COVID-19 lockdown. Compared to other ECPs in Nigeria, more Ophthalmic Nurses received training in the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). This survey is the first to assess knowledge, attitudes and practice in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria. ECPs in Nigeria displayed good knowledge about COVID-19 and provided eye care services during the COVID-19 lockdown in Nigeria, despite the majority not receiving any training on the use of PPEs with concerns over attending to patients. There is need for the government to strengthen health systems by improving and extending training on standard infection prevention and control measures to ECPs for effective control of the pandemic and in the future as essential health workers.


id: cord-268937-j2ov5nes
author: Otuonye, N. M.
date: 2020-09-24
url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.15.20195412
doi: 10.1101/2020.09.15.20195412
title:
  CLINICAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF COVID-19 PATIENTS IN LAGOS, NIGERIA: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY

abstract:
  Introduction: COVID-19 is an emerging, rapidly evolving global situation, infecting over 25 million people and causing more than 850,000 deaths. Several signs and symptoms have been described to be characteristic of the disease. However, there is a dearth of report on the description of the clinical characteristics of the disease in patients from Nigeria. This study was designed to provide a description of the clinical and demographic characteristics of COVID-19 patients in Nigeria. Methods: This study is a case series that includes patients that are evaluated between June and August 30, 2020, and diagnosed with COVID-19. Patient health records were reviewed and evaluated to describe the clinical characteristics on presentation. Results: A total of 154 COVID-19 patients were included in this study, with a mean age (S.D.) of 46.16 (13.701). Most of the patients survived (mortality rate of 2.6%), and were symptomatic (89.6%). There were more males (74.7%) than females, and the most common symptoms were fever, breathing difficulty, dry cough and malaise. Co-morbidities were also present in almost half of the study participants (49.4%). Conclusion: This study presents the most extensive description, to date, on the clinical and demographic characteristics of COVID-19 patients in Nigeria. Males are more likely than females to be infected with COVID-19 and the most occurring symptoms are fever, breathing difficulty, malaise, dry cough and chest pain. Old age and the presence of co-morbidities may also be associated with developing the severe disease. Key words: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Signs, Symptoms, Nigeria.


id: cord-269476-lrk4ty99
author: Mohammed, Abdulaziz
date: 2015-08-27
url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2167-6
doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-2167-6
title:
  An evaluation of psychological distress and social support of survivors and contacts of Ebola virus disease infection and their relatives in Lagos, Nigeria: a cross sectional study − 2014

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: By September 2014, an outbreak of Ebola Viral Disease (EVD) in West African countries of Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Senegal and Nigeria, had recorded over 4500 and 2200 probable or confirmed cases and deaths respectively. EVD, an emerging infectious disease, can create fear and panic among patients, contacts and relatives, which could be a risk factor for psychological distress. Psychological distress among this subgroup could have public health implication for control of EVD, because of potential effects on patient management and contact tracing. We determined the Prevalence, pattern and factors associated with psychological distress among survivors and contacts of EVD and their relatives. METHODS: In a descriptive cross sectional study, we used General Health Questionnaire to assess psychological distress and Oslo Social Support Scale to assess social support among 117 participants who survived EVD, listed as EVD contacts or their relatives at Ebola Emergency Operation Center in Lagos, Nigeria. Factors associated with psychological distress were determined using chi square/odds ratio and adjusted odds ratio. RESULTS: The mean age and standard deviation of participants was 34 +/ - 9.6 years. Of 117 participants, 78 (66.7 %) were females, 77 (65.8 %) had a tertiary education and 45 (38.5 %) were health workers. Most frequently occurring psychological distress were inability to concentrate (37.6 %) and loss of sleep over worry (33.3 %). Losing a relation to EVD outbreak (OR = 6.0, 95 % CI, 1.2–32.9) was significantly associated with feeling unhappy or depressed while being a health worker was protective (OR = 0.4, 95 % CI, 0.2–0.9). Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) showed losing a relation (AOR = 5.7, 95 % CI, 1.2–28.0) was a predictor of “feeling unhappy or depressed”, loss of a relation (AOR = 10.1, 95 % CI, 1.7–60.7) was a predictor of inability to concentrate. CONCLUSIONS: Survivors and contacts of EVD and their relations develop psychological distress. Development of psychological distress could be predicted by loss of family member. It is recommended that psychiatrists and other mental health specialists be part of case management teams. The clinical teams managing EVD patients should be trained on recognition of common psychological distress among patients. A mental health specialist should review contacts being monitored for EVD for psychological distress or disorders.


id: cord-273778-68wxa782
author: Lawal, Olanrewaju
date: 2020-11-02
txt: ./txt/cord-273778-68wxa782.txt
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url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33162644/
doi: 10.1007/s10708-020-10331-z
summary:
  The emergence of COVID-19 across the globe prompted many countries to institute total lockdown or other models of mobility restrictions to mitigate the spread of the disease. Examination of the weekly aggregated mobility for the retail and recreation category showed that 7 states exhibited no statistically significant trend (Fig. 4a) . Yobe and Gombe States recorded a declining trend for mobility in the Grocery and Pharmacy place category (Fig. 4c) . The remaining States spread across different parts of the country-mostly in the southern part displayed a statistically significant upward trend of mobility for this place categories. The multiple correspondence analysis identified two dimensions within the mobility trend designation recorded for each State for the six place categories ( Table 1 ). As mobility started an uptrend even during the lockdown period, there is an indication that generally, peoples'' perception of the disease is to consider the pandemic as a voluntary risk.

title:
  Movement and risk perception: evidence from spatial analysis of mobile phone-based mobility during the COVID-19 lockdown, Nigeria

abstract:
  The emergence of COVID-19 across the globe prompted many countries to institute total lockdown or other models of mobility restrictions to mitigate the spread of the disease. On March 29th, Nigeria instituted a nationwide lockdown. It is pertinent to understand the pattern created by this lockdown. This could offer insights into how people perceive the hazard and the level of compliance across the States in Nigeria. Mobile phone-based mobility data and the number of new cases from the beginning to the end of the lockdown were utilised. The study examines space-time trends across different place categories at the state level. Place categories witnessed mobility reduction as high as 56%, 57%, 65%, 75%, 38% for retail and recreation (RtRc), Grocery and Pharmacy (GrPh), Park, and Transport Hubs (Trst) respectively. Most States recorded mobility uptrend towards workplace, retail and recreational areas. Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) identified two dimensions from the Space-time trends. The first dimension (D1) accounted for 66% of the variance. Examination of the Object Scores from the MCA showed that there are two classes–two risk perception groups. The pattern of mobility recorded shows that there is a variation in mobility restriction compliance across the States. The trend groupings identified captured an aspect of risk perception within each State. Thus, pointing to difference in levels of risk acceptance. With the level of misinformation currently being experienced worldwide, concerted efforts should be made on improving risk perception to prevent the re-emergence of the disease.


id: cord-279264-0bhgq3q9
author: Bolarinwa, O. A.
date: 2020-09-10
url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.09.20188482
doi: 10.1101/2020.09.09.20188482
title:
  Adherence to COVID-19 pandemic prescribed recommendations, source of information and lockdown psychological impact of Nigeria social media users

abstract:
  Background: COVID-19 is a highly infectious viral disease that has spread to over one hundred and eight countries, including Nigeria. Countries across the globe have been implementing preventive measures towards curbing the spread and impact of the virus. Thus, the present study was aimed at assessing compliance to prescribe preventive recommendations, the psychological effect of lockdown, and the source of information among Nigeria social media users. Methods: This research implemented an online cross-sectional survey using an unidentified online Google based questionnaire to elicit required information from potential respondents via social media channels such as WhatsApp, Twitter, Instagram, Telegram and Facebook. On these forums, an external link with google based questionnaire was shared with Nigerians social media users to participate from 1st to 31st April 2020 and we had 1,131 respondents who participated in the survey. Results: Age and respondent's scientific or non-scientific backgrounds were the socio-demographic variables associated with respondents having psychological challenges as P<0.05. However, none of the socio-demographic variables of the respondents were associated with compliance with the recommendations as P>0.05. Also, most (63.4%) of the respondents were stressed by the feelings associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, as the expected majority (80.1%) sources information about the epidemics through social media platforms. Conclusion: Given numerous uncertainties surrounding the global COVID-19 pandemics, there is a need to continuously increase awareness through various media and ensure that people are highly complying with the preventive measures being put in place by relevant authorities. Also, palliative measures should be put in place to reduce the psychological impact of the pandemic.


id: cord-280393-z9mttvep
title: Consistently Unreliable: Oil Spill Data and Transparency Discourse
author: Watts, Professor Michael
date: 2020-04-27
txt: ./txt/cord-280393-z9mttvep.txt
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url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214790X20301374?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.exis.2020.04.009
summary:
  the Nigerian Oil Spill Data Response Agency (NOSDRA, established in 2006) , key international oil companies operating in the Niger Delta -Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC) and Nigeria Agip Oil Company (NAOC), statistics published via the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) and the Department of Petroleum Resources (DPR), as well data included in reports prepared by civil society organizations and foundations. NNPC pipeline loss data (for the five regions of the country) documents over 35,000 incidents since 2005 which amount to a quantity of oil lost almost 40 times larger than the total spill volume for the Niger delta on its oil monitoring site! It is notable that NOSDRA''s own data indicates that the largest individual spills in the central Niger Deltan state of Bayelsa are caused not by sabotage, but by operational failure, maintenance error or pipeline corrosion.

abstract:
  Our recent research reveals enormous discrepancies in oil spill data disclosed by regulatory institutions and corporate sources in Nigeria. Federal agencies as well as major international oil corporations publish inconsistent and sometimes contradictory figures, often employing different spatial or regional categorizations. Uncertainties pertaining to data veracity in the Niger Delta, alongside the thin scientific record inflect deeply contentious debates regarding the country's oil industry. For advocacy organizations, the result is that those seeking to monitor oil spills may spend hours trying to square and cross-reference uneven information, time that could otherwise be spent assessing the scale of impacts and analyzing the complex structural causes surrounding them. Scholarly work in other jurisdictions indicates that the staging of non-transparent, incoherent and/or intentionally misleading data on oil spill risks is not unique to Nigeria, leading to a kind of epistemological vertigo in studying this sector.


id: cord-283579-aejbfk3l
title: Phyloevolutionary analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in Nigeria
author: Hilda, Awoyelu Elukunbi
date: 2020-06-14
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100717
doi: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100717
abstract:
  Abstract Background Phyloepidemiologic approaches have given specific insight to understanding emergence and evolution of infection. Knowledge on the outbreak and spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Nigeria would assist in providing preventive measures to reduce transmission among populations at risk. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in Nigeria. Materials and Method A total of 39 complete genomes of SARS-CoV-2 were retrieved from the GISAID EpiFluTM database on March 29th 2020 to investigate its evolution in Nigeria. Sequences were selected based on the travel history of the patient and the collection date. Other sequences were not selected because they were short, contained artefacts, not from original source or had insufficient information. Evolutionary history was inferred using Maximum Likelihood method based on the General Time Reversible model. Phylogenetic tree was constructed to determine the common ancestor of each strain. Results The phylogenetic analysis showed the strain in Nigeria clustered in a monophyletic clade with a Wuhan sublineage. Nucleotide alignment also showed a 100% similarity indicating a common origin of evolution. Comparative analysis showed 27,972 (93.6%) identical sites and 97.6% pairwise identity with the consensus. Conclusion The study evidently showed the entire outbreak of COVID-19 infection in Nigeria stemmed from a single introduction sharing consensus similarity with the reference SARS-CoV-2 human genome from Wuhan. Preventive measures that can limit the spread of the infection among populations at risk should be implemented.


id: cord-287640-9j0w7191
author: Ilesanmi, Olayinka
date: 2020-09-23
txt: ./txt/cord-287640-9j0w7191.txt
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url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33024646/
doi: 10.7717/peerj.10038
summary:
  title: Perception and practices during the COVID-19 pandemic in an urban community in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study In this study, we assessed the perception and practices regarding COVID-19 among residents in selected urban communities of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study design using a multi-stage sampling technique was used to recruit 360 respondents (Mean age: 33.2 ± 10.6 years; 62.5% females) from households in Ibadan. An assessment of the perception and practices of community members is important to reduce the risk for COVID-19 infection in Ibadan, a densely populated city in Nigeria. This study thus aimed at assessing the perception and practices of community members in urban areas in Ibadan regarding COVID-19. Findings from previous studies conducted in Nigeria also corroborate the key role of positive risk perception on imbibing COVID-19 protective practices and attitudes . As this study was limited to the perception and practices regarding COVID-19, the knowledge of community members on the illness was not addressed.

title:
  Perception and practices during the COVID-19 pandemic in an urban community in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Various perceptions and practices have been associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we assessed the perception and practices regarding COVID-19 among residents in selected urban communities of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study design using a multi-stage sampling technique was used to recruit 360 respondents (Mean age: 33.2 ± 10.6 years; 62.5% females) from households in Ibadan. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire from 3rd to 6th June 2020. Those who demonstrated washing of the palm, back of the hand, spaces between the fingers, fingernails, wrist, and thumbs had six points and were categorized to have had a good practice of handwashing. Descriptive statistics were conducted. Bivariate analyses of sociodemographic characteristics and good handwashing practices were conducted using Chi-square test. Logistic regression was conducted to identify the determinants of good handwashing practices. P-values < 0.05 were statistically significant. RESULTS: Going to the hospital (95%) and calling the COVID-19 help number (58.3%) were the frequently reported practices among respondents following the development of COVID-19 symptoms. Also, 89 (26%) knew they could contract COVID-19, while 41 (12%) perceived it as an exaggerated event. The effects most frequently reported by respondents were hunger/low income (48.8%) and academic delay (8.8%). Use of face masks by 64.5% and social distancing (48%) were the most frequently reported practices for prevention. Only 71 (20.8%) demonstrated good handwashing practices. The perception of the likelihood to contract COVID-19 and practices to prevent COVID-19 had a weak correlation of 0.239 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Gaps exist in the practices that prevent COVID-19. There is a need to improve handwashing, use of face masks and other practices that prevent COVID-19. Implications across public health communication and policies were stated.


id: cord-289907-wzctqkd7
title: Descriptive epidemiology of coronavirus disease 2019 in Nigeria, 27 February–6 June 2020
author: Elimian, K. O.
date: 2020-09-11
txt: ./txt/cord-289907-wzctqkd7.txt
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url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32912370/
doi: 10.1017/s095026882000206x
summary:
  A descriptive analysis of the clinical characteristics, treatment modalities and outcomes of the first 32 COVID-19 patients admitted to Mainland Hospital in Lagos State, Nigeria, found that two-thirds of patients were male, and the mean age was 38.1 years [7] . Through NCDC''s surveillance and laboratory network as well as coordination of state PHEOCs, epidemiological information on COVID-19 cases are captured into a real-time networked platform called Surveillance Outbreak Response Management and Analysis System (SORMAS). During the study period, 36 states plus FCT had reported confirmed COVID-19 cases; all states were actively monitoring for cases through the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response system (IDSR) system [9] . Laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19 was done by Residential setting c Residential setting of each person tested for COVID-19 was based on the population size and administrative/ legal criteria for the reporting Local Government Areas (LGA) as recorded by field staff, in line with common classification of urban and rural classification in Nigeria [12] .

abstract:
  The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology of COVID-19 in Nigeria with a view of generating evidence to enhance planning and response strategies. A national surveillance dataset between 27 February and 6 June 2020 was retrospectively analysed, with confirmatory testing for COVID-19 done by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The primary outcomes were cumulative incidence (CI) and case fatality (CF). A total of 40 926 persons (67% of total 60 839) had complete records of RT-PCR test across 35 states and the Federal Capital Territory, 12 289 (30.0%) of whom were confirmed COVID-19 cases. Of those confirmed cases, 3467 (28.2%) had complete records of clinical outcome (alive or dead), 342 (9.9%) of which died. The overall CI and CF were 5.6 per 100 000 population and 2.8%, respectively. The highest proportion of COVID-19 cases and deaths were recorded in persons aged 31–40 years (25.5%) and 61–70 years (26.6%), respectively; and males accounted for a higher proportion of confirmed cases (65.8%) and deaths (79.0%). Sixty-six per cent of confirmed COVID-19 cases were asymptomatic at diagnosis. In conclusion, this paper has provided an insight into the early epidemiology of COVID-19 in Nigeria, which could be useful for contextualising public health planning.


id: cord-291724-bwiyp73e
title: ONLINE FORECASTING OF COVID-19 CASES IN NIGERIA USING LIMITED DATA
author: Abdulmajeed, Kabir
date: 2020-05-08
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352340920305771?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105683
abstract:
  The novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019 but later spread to other parts of the world. The disease as at the point of writing this paper has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). The application of mathematical models, artificial intelligence, big data, and similar methodologies are potential tools to predict the extent of the spread and effectiveness of containment strategies to stem the transmission of this disease. In societies with constrained data infrastructures, modeling and forecasting COVID-19 becomes an extremely difficult endeavor. Nonetheless, we propose an online forecasting mechanism that streams data from the Nigeria Center for Disease Control to update the parameters of an ensemble model which in turn provides updated COVID-19 forecasts every 24 hours. The ensemble combines an Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average model (ARIMA), Prophet - an additive regression model developed by Facebook, and a Holt-Winters Exponential Smoothing model combined with Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH). The outcomes of these efforts are expected to provide academic thrust in guiding the policymakers in the deployment of containment strategies and/or assessment of containment interventions in stemming the spread of the disease in Nigeria


id: cord-293160-v28rnvpg
author: Orunmuyi, Akintunde T
date: 2020-08-28
txt: ./txt/cord-293160-v28rnvpg.txt
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url: https://doi.org/10.3332/ecancer.2020.1093
doi: 10.3332/ecancer.2020.1093
summary:
  title: Underutilisation of nuclear medicine scans at a regional hospital in Nigeria: need for implementation research To understand the relevant public health initiatives that will be required, this study assessed the pattern of nuclear medicine imaging services at the first nuclear medicine centre in Nigeria from January 2010 to December 2018. METHODS: The data of consecutive nuclear medicine (NM) scans performed between 1st January 2010 and 31st December 2018 at the NM department in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria were extracted from patient records and analysed using SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC). The medical records of consecutive patients who underwent NM scans at the Department of Nuclear Medicine at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, between January 2010 and December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Furthermore, the studies to explore other unknown factors that play a role in the low throughput of NM services in Nigeria and other Sub-Saharan African countries are warranted.

title:
  Underutilisation of nuclear medicine scans at a regional hospital in Nigeria: need for implementation research

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Nuclear medicine needs better integration into the Nigerian health system. To understand the relevant public health initiatives that will be required, this study assessed the pattern of nuclear medicine imaging services at the first nuclear medicine centre in Nigeria from January 2010 to December 2018. METHODS: The data of consecutive nuclear medicine (NM) scans performed between 1st January 2010 and 31st December 2018 at the NM department in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria were extracted from patient records and analysed using SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC). The National Cancer Institute’s Joinpoint software and QCIS (QGIS project) were used to estimate imaging trends and geographical spread of patients. RESULTS: An average of 486 scans per year was performed during the study period. Patients travelled from 32 of Nigeria’s 36 states, and the majority (65%) travelled more than 100 km to obtain NM scans. Bone scans accounted for 88.1% of the studies. The remainder were renal scintigraphy (7.3%), thyroid scans (2.5%), whole-body iodine scans (1.7%) and others (0.4%). CONCLUSIONS: NM in Nigeria appears underutilised. Furthermore, the studies to characterise the access gaps and implementation needs will contribute to the design of practical strategies to strengthen NM services in Nigeria.


id: cord-295720-eeqv5xa4
author: Umeizudike, Kehinde Adesola
date: 2020-09-21
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32959382/
doi: 10.1002/jdd.12423
title:
  Nigerian undergraduate dental students’ knowledge, perception, and attitude to COVID‐19 and infection control practices

abstract:
  PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: The current coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19) pandemic has affected most countries. Infection, Prevention, and Control training is important in mitigating the spread of COVID‐19. The closure of universities by the Nigerian government has hampered academic activities of dental students. Our objectives were to assess the knowledge, perception, and attitude of undergraduate dental students in Nigeria to the COVID‐19 pandemic and infection control practices. METHODS: This was a cross‐sectional study of undergraduate clinical dental students from the dental schools in Nigeria. Self‐administered questionnaires were distributed to participants using an online data collection platform. Correct responses to the 45‐item questionnaire on COVID‐19 knowledge were scored to determine their knowledge level. A Likert scale of 1‐5 was used to assess the 13‐item perception and attitude questions. The level of significance was set at P values ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: A total of 102 undergraduate clinical dental students participated in the study. Males represented 54.9%, and mean age was 25.3 ± 2.4 years. Fifty percent of the students had adequate knowledge of COVID‐19. Final‐year students (58.1%) demonstrated more adequate knowledge of COVID‐19 than penultimate‐year students (28.6%, P = 0.008). Most (95.1%) respondents had positive attitudes towards infection control practices against COVID‐19. CONCLUSION: Although the clinical dental students had a positive attitude to infection control practices against COVID‐19, the overall knowledge of COVID‐19 was barely adequate. Guidelines on COVID‐19 from reputable health authorities should be reviewed by dental school authorities and disseminated to the students to suit their clinical practice.


id: cord-300439-d86p43u1
title: Estimating the impacts of lockdown on Covid-19 cases in Nigeria
author: Bello, Ajide Kazeem
date: 2020-09-06
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590198220301287?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.trip.2020.100217
abstract:
  The study examines the extent to which lockdown measures impact on COVID-19 confirmed cases in Nigeria. Six indicators of lockdown entailing retail and recreation, grocery and pharmacy, parks, transit stations, workplaces, and residential, are considered. The empirical evidence is anchored on the Negative Binomial regression estimator, due to the count nature of the dataset on the daily cases of the virus. The study established the key following findings: First, retail and recreation, grocery and pharmacy, parks, transit stations, and workplaces are statistically significant and negatively signed as relevant predictors of the virus. Second, the impact of residential is positive and statistically significant at the conventional level. Lastly, the results are robust to an alternative estimator of Poisson Regression. The emanated policy message centres on the need to direct efforts toward ensuring total compliance to the lockdown rules as it holds the key to keeping the virus under check.


id: cord-304838-r9w8milu
title: Psychological distress experiences of Nigerians during Covid-19 pandemic; the gender difference
author: Olaseni, Abayomi O.
date: 2020-12-31
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2590291120300413
doi: 10.1016/j.ssaho.2020.100052
abstract:
  This study examine the psychological distress experience of Nigerians during the COVID-19 pandemic, across gender. From March 20, 2020, to April 12, 2020, this descriptive survey used a snowballing sampling technique to select 502-Nigerians with an online semi-structured questionnaire detailing the impact of Event Scale-Revised, Generalized Anxiety Disorder – 7 item scale, Patient Health Questionnaire and Insomnia Severity Index. Gender had an insignificant difference in the level of insomnia (χ2 ​= ​04.93; df ​= ​3; p ​> ​0.05), however, 20.8% of males had sub-threshold of insomnia, 8.2% experienced moderate insomnia and 5.9% had severe insomnia; 32% females reported sub-threshold of insomnia, 12.4% had moderate insomnia while 3.6% had severe insomnia. Also, gender had an insignificant difference in the measures of depression (χ2 ​= ​01.94; df ​= ​4; p ​> ​0.05); 55.4% males reported minimal depression, 22.3% had mild depression, 11.9% had moderate depression; 6.7%–3.7% males had moderate to severe depression while, 49.3% of the females had minimal depression, 26.7% reported mild depression, 14.29% had moderate depression, 4.4%–5.3% had moderate to severe depressive symptoms. Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms (PTSS) has no gender difference among respondents (χ2 ​= ​02.51; df ​= ​3; p ​> ​0.05); 23% of males reported partial PTSS, 17.5% presented clinical PTSS, and 21.6% males had severe PTSS; while 29.3% of females had severe PTSS, 24% reported partial PTSS and 18.7% had clinical PTSS. Respondents reported insignificant gender differences on anxiety (χ2 ​= ​0.08; df ​= ​1; p ​> ​0.05), while 51% reported moderate anxiety and 49% exhibited severe anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria. Findings revealed that Nigerians experienced psychological distress during COVID-19 pandemic. The government and stakeholders should initiate tele-mental health services to serve as alternative to traditional treatment to manage present and future pandemic psychological implications among Nigerians.


id: cord-326686-0m8m7nk0
title: Beyond transparency: A consideration of extraction's full costs
author: Zalik, Dr. Anna
date: 2020-07-28
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2020.07.015
doi: 10.1016/j.exis.2020.07.015
abstract:
  This special section Beyond Transparency: Rethinking the Government of Extraction examines the relationship between international transparency discourse in the extractive sector, and the persistent association of unaccountable government, socioeconomic injustice and ongoing environmental hazards associated with extractive firms and their operations. Our critical analyses of transparency- situate the discourse and practice within the overall turn-of-millennium regulatory capture of states in the global North - including Canada, the US and the UK - by oil and mining industry interests. Contributors probe how transparency regimes have been applied to oil and extractive sector ‘host states’ in the global South, in particular Nigeria, while the rent-seeking practices that these regimes seek to expose are rarely tied to corporate malfeasance in the North. We employ this introduction to consider global transparency discourse and regulatory regimes in the light of the full cost of extraction. Since the turn of the millennium, we argue, attention to extraction's full costs have been largely overshadowed in policy discourse via global transparency regimes, notably the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative.


id: cord-328321-7e37hhia
author: Olapoju, Olabisi Michael
date: 2020-07-28
url: https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.020501
doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.020501
title:
  Estimating transportation role in pandemic diffusion in Nigeria: A consideration of 1918-19 influenza and COVID-19 pandemics

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: The focus of the study is to assess the role of different transport means in the importation and diffusion of 1918-19 influenza and a novel 2019 corona virus designated as COVID-19 in Nigeria. METHODS: The study provides a review of the means by which the two pandemics were imported into the country and the roles the transport means of each period played in the local spread of the epidemics. RESULTS: The study notes that seaports and railways, being the emerging transportation modes in the country were significant to the importation and local diffusion of 1918-19 influenza, respectively, while air transport is significant to the importation of the current COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: The study concludes that increasing preference for the transport at a given epoch is significant to the diffusion of prevailing epidemic in the epoch.


id: cord-331075-27ndnqzv
author: Oleribe, Obinna O
date: 2020-08-04
url: https://doi.org/10.2147/ijgm.s261256
doi: 10.2147/ijgm.s261256
title:
  COVID-19 Experience: Taking the Right Steps at the Right Time to Prevent Avoidable Morbidity and Mortality in Nigeria and Other Nations of the World

abstract:
  The 2020 Coronavirus pandemic has caused countless governmental and societal challenges around the world. Nigeria, Africa’s most populous nation, has been exposed in recent years to a series of epidemics including Ebola and Lassa fever. In this paper, we document our perception of the national response to COVID-19 in Nigeria. The response to the pandemic is with a healthcare system that has changed as a result of previous infectious disease outbreaks but in the context of scarce resources typical of many low-middle income countries. We make recommendations regarding what measures should be in place for future epidemics.


id: cord-338481-jox35yg1
author: Tijjani, Salman Jidda
date: 2020-05-27
url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-020-01192-6
doi: 10.1186/s12939-020-01192-6
title:
  Is Nigeria prepared and ready to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic in its conflict-affected northeastern states?

abstract:
  Northeastern Nigeria has over the decade suffered from the Boko Haram insurgency and is still in the process of recovery from the complex humanitarian crisis that has displaced and subjected millions of vulnerable children, women and elderly population to poverty, disease outbreaks, hunger and malnutrition. Yet, the conflict-affected states in Northeastern Nigeria is not far away from being the worse-hit by the COVID-19 pandemic if urgent public health preventive measures are not taken to contain the spread of the deadly and highly infectious virus. The question arises, “what is Nigeria doing to tackle the burden of a COVID-19 spread and an ongoing humanitarian crisis?


id: cord-350823-6pmvftgk
title: A model assessing potential benefits of isolation and mass testing on COVID-19: the case of Nigeria
author: Chirove, F.
date: 2020-09-03
url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.01.20186288
doi: 10.1101/2020.09.01.20186288
abstract:
  We consider a model with mass testing and isolation mimicking the current policies implemented in Nigeria and use the Nigerian daily cumulative cases to calibrate the model to obtain the optimal mass testing and isolation levels. Mathematical analysis was done and important thresholds such the peak size relation and final size relation were obtained. Global stability analysis of the disease-free equilibrium indicated that COVID-19 can be eradicated provided that $mathcal{R}_0<1$ and unstable otherwise. Results from simulations revealed that an increase in mass testing and reduction of transmission from isolated individuals are associated with benefits of increasing detected cases, lowering peaks of symptomatic cases, increase in self-isolating cases, decrease in cumulative deaths and decrease in admissions into monitored isolation facilities in the case of Nigeria


id: cord-355173-rnley2ow
title: Forecasting the spread of COVID-19 in Nigeria using Box-Jenkins Modeling Procedure
author: Ibrahim, R. R.
date: 2020-05-08
url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.05.20091686v1?rss=1
doi: 10.1101/2020.05.05.20091686
abstract:
  Abstract Objective: This study is focused on the analysis of the spread of Covid19 in Nigeria, applying statistical models and available data from the NCDC. We present an insight into the spread of Covid19 in Nigeria in order to establish a suitable prediction model, which can be applied as a decisionsupportive tool for assigning health interventions and mitigating the spread of the Covid19 infection. Methodology: Daily spread data from February 27 to April 26, 2020, were collected to construct the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model using the R software. Stability analysis and stationarity test, parameter test, and model diagnostic were also carried out. Finally, the fitting, selection and prediction accuracy of the ARIMA model was evaluated using the AICc model selection criteria. Results: The ARIMA (1,1,0) model was finally selected among ARIMA models based upon the parameter test and Box Ljung test. A ten day forecast was also made from the model, which shows a steep upward trend of the spread of the COVID19 in Nigeria within the selected time frame. Conclusion: Federal Government of Nigeria through the presidential task force can apply the forecasted trend of much more spread to make more informed decisions on the additional measures in place to curb the spread of the virus. Application of the model can also assist in studying the effectiveness of the lockdown on the on the spread of Covid19 in Nigeria.


