id sid tid token lemma pos cord-344713-jisp238l 1 1 key key JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 1 2 : : : cord-344713-jisp238l 1 3 cord-344713-jisp238l cord-344713-jisp238l NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 2 1 authors author NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 2 2 : : : cord-344713-jisp238l 2 3 Meyers Meyers NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 2 4 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 2 5 Keith Keith NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 2 6 ; ; : cord-344713-jisp238l 2 7 Thomasson Thomasson NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 2 8 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 2 9 Melissa Melissa NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 2 10 A. a. NN cord-344713-jisp238l 2 11 title title NN cord-344713-jisp238l 2 12 : : : cord-344713-jisp238l 2 13 Can Can MD cord-344713-jisp238l 2 14 pandemics pandemic NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 2 15 affect affect VB cord-344713-jisp238l 2 16 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 2 17 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 2 18 ? ? . cord-344713-jisp238l 3 1 Evidence evidence NN cord-344713-jisp238l 3 2 from from IN cord-344713-jisp238l 3 3 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 3 4 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 3 5 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 3 6 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 3 7 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 3 8 date date NN cord-344713-jisp238l 3 9 : : : cord-344713-jisp238l 3 10 2020 2020 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 3 11 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 3 12 07 07 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 3 13 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 3 14 27 27 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 3 15 journal journal NN cord-344713-jisp238l 3 16 : : : cord-344713-jisp238l 4 1 Cliometrica Cliometrica NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 4 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 4 3 Berl Berl NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 4 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 4 5 DOI DOI NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 4 6 : : : cord-344713-jisp238l 5 1 10.1007 10.1007 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 5 2 / / SYM cord-344713-jisp238l 5 3 s11698 s11698 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 5 4 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 5 5 020 020 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 5 6 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 5 7 00212 00212 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 5 8 - - SYM cord-344713-jisp238l 5 9 3 3 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 5 10 sha sha NN cord-344713-jisp238l 5 11 : : : cord-344713-jisp238l 5 12 9b515d82af68339506d0ac5e4efccfdd410acb4e 9b515d82af68339506d0ac5e4efccfdd410acb4e CD cord-344713-jisp238l 5 13 doc_id doc_id CD cord-344713-jisp238l 5 14 : : : cord-344713-jisp238l 5 15 344713 344713 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 5 16 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 5 17 : : : cord-344713-jisp238l 5 18 jisp238l jisp238l VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 6 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 6 2 leverage leverage VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 6 3 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 6 4 largest large JJS cord-344713-jisp238l 6 5 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 6 6 outbreak outbreak NN cord-344713-jisp238l 6 7 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 6 8 US US NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 6 9 history history NN cord-344713-jisp238l 6 10 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 6 11 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 6 12 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 6 13 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 6 14 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 6 15 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 6 16 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 6 17 study study VB cord-344713-jisp238l 6 18 how how WRB cord-344713-jisp238l 6 19 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 6 20 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 6 21 related relate VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 6 22 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 6 23 interruptions interruption NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 6 24 affect affect VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 6 25 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 6 26 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 6 27 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 7 1 Using use VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 7 2 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 7 3 morbidity morbidity NN cord-344713-jisp238l 7 4 as as IN cord-344713-jisp238l 7 5 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 7 6 proxy proxy NN cord-344713-jisp238l 7 7 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 7 8 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 7 9 exposure exposure NN cord-344713-jisp238l 7 10 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 7 11 we -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 7 12 find find VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 7 13 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 7 14 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 7 15 aged age VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 7 16 10 10 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 7 17 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 7 18 under under IN cord-344713-jisp238l 7 19 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 7 20 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 7 21 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 7 22 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 7 23 aged age VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 7 24 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 7 25 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 7 26 legal legal JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 7 27 working work VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 7 28 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 7 29 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 7 30 greater great JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 7 31 exposure exposure NN cord-344713-jisp238l 7 32 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 7 33 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 7 34 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 7 35 experienced experience VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 7 36 reduced reduce VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 7 37 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 7 38 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 7 39 compared compare VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 7 40 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 7 41 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 7 42 slightly slightly RB cord-344713-jisp238l 7 43 older old JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 7 44 peers peer NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 7 45 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 8 1 These these DT cord-344713-jisp238l 8 2 reductions reduction NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 8 3 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 8 4 observed observed JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 8 5 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 8 6 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 8 7 persist persist VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 8 8 even even RB cord-344713-jisp238l 8 9 after after IN cord-344713-jisp238l 8 10 accounting account VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 8 11 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 8 12 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 8 13 influenza influenza NN cord-344713-jisp238l 8 14 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 8 15 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 8 16 1918 1918 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 8 17 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 9 1 The the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 9 2 global global JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 9 3 COVID-19 covid-19 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 9 4 pandemic pandemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 9 5 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 9 6 early early JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 9 7 2020 2020 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 9 8 led lead VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 9 9 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 9 10 severe severe JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 9 11 disruptions disruption NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 9 12 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 9 13 nearly nearly RB cord-344713-jisp238l 9 14 all all DT cord-344713-jisp238l 9 15 aspects aspect NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 9 16 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 9 17 life life NN cord-344713-jisp238l 9 18 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 10 1 Stay stay VB cord-344713-jisp238l 10 2 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 10 3 at at IN cord-344713-jisp238l 10 4 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 10 5 home home NN cord-344713-jisp238l 10 6 orders order NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 10 7 closed close VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 10 8 schools school NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 10 9 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 10 10 non non JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 10 11 - - JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 10 12 essential essential JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 10 13 businesses business NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 10 14 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 10 15 generating generate VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 10 16 widespread widespread JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 10 17 unemployment unemployment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 10 18 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 10 19 large large JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 10 20 declines decline NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 10 21 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 10 22 economic economic JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 10 23 activity activity NN cord-344713-jisp238l 10 24 that that WDT cord-344713-jisp238l 10 25 can can MD cord-344713-jisp238l 10 26 not not RB cord-344713-jisp238l 10 27 yet yet RB cord-344713-jisp238l 10 28 be be VB cord-344713-jisp238l 10 29 fully fully RB cord-344713-jisp238l 10 30 assessed assess VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 10 31 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 11 1 The the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 11 2 social social JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 11 3 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 11 4 economic economic JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 11 5 costs cost NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 11 6 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 11 7 this this DT cord-344713-jisp238l 11 8 crisis crisis NN cord-344713-jisp238l 11 9 have have VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 11 10 been be VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 11 11 widely widely RB cord-344713-jisp238l 11 12 felt feel VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 11 13 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 12 1 A a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 12 2 United United NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 12 3 Nations Nations NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 12 4 report report NN cord-344713-jisp238l 12 5 suggests suggest VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 12 6 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 12 7 global global JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 12 8 GDP GDP NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 12 9 could could MD cord-344713-jisp238l 12 10 decline decline VB cord-344713-jisp238l 12 11 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 12 12 1 1 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 12 13 % % NN cord-344713-jisp238l 12 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 12 15 United United NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 12 16 Nations Nations NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 12 17 2020 2020 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 12 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 12 19 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 12 20 while while IN cord-344713-jisp238l 12 21 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 12 22 managing manage VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 12 23 director director NN cord-344713-jisp238l 12 24 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 12 25 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 12 26 International International NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 12 27 Monetary Monetary NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 12 28 Fund Fund NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 12 29 stated state VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 12 30 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 12 31 she -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 12 32 anticipates anticipate VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 12 33 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 12 34 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 12 35 pandemic pandemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 12 36 will will MD cord-344713-jisp238l 12 37 generate generate VB cord-344713-jisp238l 12 38 " " `` cord-344713-jisp238l 12 39 ... ... NFP cord-344713-jisp238l 12 40 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 12 41 worst bad JJS cord-344713-jisp238l 12 42 economic economic JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 12 43 fallout fallout NN cord-344713-jisp238l 12 44 since since IN cord-344713-jisp238l 12 45 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 12 46 Great Great NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 12 47 Depression Depression NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 12 48 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 12 49 " " '' cord-344713-jisp238l 12 50 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 12 51 global global JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 12 52 GDP gdp NN cord-344713-jisp238l 12 53 contracting contracting NN cord-344713-jisp238l 12 54 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 12 55 3 3 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 12 56 % % NN cord-344713-jisp238l 12 57 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 12 58 Gopinath Gopinath NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 12 59 2020 2020 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 12 60 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 12 61 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 13 1 According accord VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 13 2 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 13 3 UNESCO UNESCO NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 13 4 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 13 5 over over IN cord-344713-jisp238l 13 6 1.5 1.5 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 13 7 billion billion CD cord-344713-jisp238l 13 8 students student NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 13 9 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 13 10 almost almost RB cord-344713-jisp238l 13 11 90 90 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 13 12 % % NN cord-344713-jisp238l 13 13 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 13 14 all all DT cord-344713-jisp238l 13 15 learners learner NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 13 16 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 13 17 have have VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 13 18 had have VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 13 19 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 13 20 schooling schooling NN cord-344713-jisp238l 13 21 disrupted disrupt VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 13 22 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 13 23 this this DT cord-344713-jisp238l 13 24 crisis crisis NN cord-344713-jisp238l 13 25 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 14 1 At at RB cord-344713-jisp238l 14 2 least least RBS cord-344713-jisp238l 14 3 189 189 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 14 4 countries country NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 14 5 have have VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 14 6 closed close VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 14 7 schools school NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 14 8 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 14 9 response response NN cord-344713-jisp238l 14 10 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 14 11 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 14 12 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 14 13 threat threat NN cord-344713-jisp238l 14 14 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 14 15 which which WDT cord-344713-jisp238l 14 16 may may MD cord-344713-jisp238l 14 17 interrupt interrupt VB cord-344713-jisp238l 14 18 human human JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 14 19 capital capital NN cord-344713-jisp238l 14 20 accumulation accumulation NN cord-344713-jisp238l 14 21 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 14 22 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 14 23 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 14 24 contributes contribute VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 14 25 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 14 26 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 14 27 social social JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 14 28 costs cost NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 14 29 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 14 30 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 14 31 pandemic pandemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 14 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 14 33 UNESCO UNESCO NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 14 34 2020 2020 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 14 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 14 36 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 15 1 1 1 LS cord-344713-jisp238l 16 1 While while IN cord-344713-jisp238l 16 2 most most JJS cord-344713-jisp238l 16 3 people people NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 16 4 alive alive JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 16 5 today today NN cord-344713-jisp238l 16 6 have have VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 16 7 never never RB cord-344713-jisp238l 16 8 witnessed witness VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 16 9 this this DT cord-344713-jisp238l 16 10 scale scale NN cord-344713-jisp238l 16 11 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 16 12 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 16 13 pandemic pandemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 16 14 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 16 15 research research NN cord-344713-jisp238l 16 16 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 16 17 other other JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 16 18 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 16 19 may may MD cord-344713-jisp238l 16 20 provide provide VB cord-344713-jisp238l 16 21 insights insight NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 16 22 into into IN cord-344713-jisp238l 16 23 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 16 24 possible possible JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 16 25 magnitude magnitude NN cord-344713-jisp238l 16 26 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 16 27 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 16 28 disruption disruption NN cord-344713-jisp238l 16 29 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 17 1 2 2 LS cord-344713-jisp238l 18 1 In in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 18 2 this this DT cord-344713-jisp238l 18 3 paper paper NN cord-344713-jisp238l 18 4 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 18 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 18 6 examine examine VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 18 7 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 18 8 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 18 9 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 18 10 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 18 11 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 18 12 measure measure VB cord-344713-jisp238l 18 13 how how WRB cord-344713-jisp238l 18 14 it -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 18 15 impacted impact VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 18 16 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 18 17 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 18 18 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 18 19 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 18 20 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 18 21 during during IN cord-344713-jisp238l 18 22 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 18 23 outbreak outbreak NN cord-344713-jisp238l 18 24 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 19 1 The the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 19 2 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 19 3 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 19 4 is be VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 19 5 unique unique JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 19 6 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 19 7 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 19 8 it -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 19 9 was be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 19 10 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 19 11 first first JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 19 12 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 19 13 largest large JJS cord-344713-jisp238l 19 14 major major JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 19 15 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 19 16 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 19 17 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 19 18 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 19 19 USA USA NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 19 20 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 19 21 was be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 19 22 one one CD cord-344713-jisp238l 19 23 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 19 24 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 19 25 first first JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 19 26 major major JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 19 27 public public JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 19 28 health health NN cord-344713-jisp238l 19 29 crises crisis NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 19 30 many many JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 19 31 nascent nascent JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 19 32 public public JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 19 33 health health NN cord-344713-jisp238l 19 34 departments department NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 19 35 faced face VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 19 36 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 20 1 3 3 LS cord-344713-jisp238l 21 1 The the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 21 2 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 21 3 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 21 4 proved prove VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 21 5 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 21 6 be be VB cord-344713-jisp238l 21 7 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 21 8 first first JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 21 9 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 21 10 many many JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 21 11 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 21 12 that that WDT cord-344713-jisp238l 21 13 would would MD cord-344713-jisp238l 21 14 continue continue VB cord-344713-jisp238l 21 15 until until IN cord-344713-jisp238l 21 16 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 21 17 advent advent NN cord-344713-jisp238l 21 18 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 21 19 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 21 20 Salk Salk NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 21 21 vaccine vaccine NN cord-344713-jisp238l 21 22 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 21 23 1954 1954 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 21 24 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 21 25 although although IN cord-344713-jisp238l 21 26 Trevelyan Trevelyan NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 21 27 et et NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 21 28 al al NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 21 29 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 22 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 22 2 2005 2005 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 22 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 22 4 suggest suggest VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 22 5 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 22 6 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 22 7 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 22 8 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 22 9 was be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 22 10 more more RBR cord-344713-jisp238l 22 11 intense intense JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 22 12 than than IN cord-344713-jisp238l 22 13 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 22 14 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 22 15 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 23 1 4 4 LS cord-344713-jisp238l 24 1 While while IN cord-344713-jisp238l 24 2 smaller small JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 24 3 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 24 4 magnitude magnitude NN cord-344713-jisp238l 24 5 than than IN cord-344713-jisp238l 24 6 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 24 7 more more RBR cord-344713-jisp238l 24 8 famous famous JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 24 9 1918 1918 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 24 10 - - SYM cord-344713-jisp238l 24 11 1919 1919 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 24 12 Spanish spanish JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 24 13 flu flu NN cord-344713-jisp238l 24 14 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 24 15 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 24 16 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 24 17 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 24 18 started start VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 24 19 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 24 20 New New NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 24 21 York York NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 24 22 City City NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 24 23 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 24 24 New New NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 24 25 Jersey Jersey NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 24 26 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 24 27 but but CC cord-344713-jisp238l 24 28 then then RB cord-344713-jisp238l 24 29 spread spread VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 24 30 across across IN cord-344713-jisp238l 24 31 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 24 32 USA USA NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 24 33 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 24 34 resulting result VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 24 35 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 24 36 mass mass NN cord-344713-jisp238l 24 37 quarantines quarantine NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 24 38 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 24 39 prolonged prolong VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 24 40 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 24 41 closures closure NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 24 42 at at IN cord-344713-jisp238l 24 43 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 24 44 start start NN cord-344713-jisp238l 24 45 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 24 46 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 24 47 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 24 48 - - SYM cord-344713-jisp238l 24 49 1917 1917 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 24 50 academic academic JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 24 51 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 24 52 year year NN cord-344713-jisp238l 24 53 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 25 1 The the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 25 2 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 25 3 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 25 4 may may MD cord-344713-jisp238l 25 5 have have VB cord-344713-jisp238l 25 6 affected affect VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 25 7 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 25 8 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 25 9 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 25 10 two two CD cord-344713-jisp238l 25 11 ways way NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 25 12 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 26 1 First first RB cord-344713-jisp238l 26 2 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 26 3 infected infected JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 26 4 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 26 5 may may MD cord-344713-jisp238l 26 6 have have VB cord-344713-jisp238l 26 7 missed miss VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 26 8 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 26 9 during during IN cord-344713-jisp238l 26 10 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 26 11 period period NN cord-344713-jisp238l 26 12 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 26 13 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 26 14 illness illness NN cord-344713-jisp238l 26 15 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 26 16 recovery recovery NN cord-344713-jisp238l 26 17 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 27 1 Second second RB cord-344713-jisp238l 27 2 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 27 3 even even RB cord-344713-jisp238l 27 4 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 27 5 who who WP cord-344713-jisp238l 27 6 did do VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 27 7 not not RB cord-344713-jisp238l 27 8 have have VB cord-344713-jisp238l 27 9 symptoms symptom NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 27 10 missed miss VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 27 11 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 27 12 during during IN cord-344713-jisp238l 27 13 periods period NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 27 14 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 27 15 closure closure NN cord-344713-jisp238l 27 16 or or CC cord-344713-jisp238l 27 17 because because IN cord-344713-jisp238l 27 18 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 27 19 parents parent NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 27 20 refused refuse VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 27 21 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 27 22 send send VB cord-344713-jisp238l 27 23 them -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 27 24 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 27 25 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 27 26 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 28 1 Thus thus RB cord-344713-jisp238l 28 2 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 28 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 28 4 leverage leverage VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 28 5 geographic geographic JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 28 6 variation variation NN cord-344713-jisp238l 28 7 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 28 8 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 28 9 severity severity NN cord-344713-jisp238l 28 10 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 28 11 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 28 12 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 28 13 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 28 14 as as RB cord-344713-jisp238l 28 15 well well RB cord-344713-jisp238l 28 16 as as IN cord-344713-jisp238l 28 17 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 28 18 fact fact NN cord-344713-jisp238l 28 19 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 28 20 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 28 21 differentially differentially RB cord-344713-jisp238l 28 22 affected affect VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 28 23 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 28 24 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 28 25 different different JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 28 26 ages age NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 28 27 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 28 28 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 28 29 measure measure VB cord-344713-jisp238l 28 30 how how WRB cord-344713-jisp238l 28 31 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 28 32 disease disease NN cord-344713-jisp238l 28 33 affected affect VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 28 34 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 28 35 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 28 36 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 28 37 reported report VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 28 38 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 28 39 these these DT cord-344713-jisp238l 28 40 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 28 41 as as IN cord-344713-jisp238l 28 42 adults adult NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 28 43 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 28 44 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 28 45 1940 1940 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 28 46 census census NN cord-344713-jisp238l 28 47 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 29 1 Children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 29 2 living live VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 29 3 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 29 4 areas area NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 29 5 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 29 6 high high JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 29 7 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 29 8 morbidity morbidity NN cord-344713-jisp238l 29 9 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 29 10 more more RBR cord-344713-jisp238l 29 11 likely likely JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 29 12 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 29 13 be be VB cord-344713-jisp238l 29 14 infected infect VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 29 15 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 29 16 more more RBR cord-344713-jisp238l 29 17 likely likely JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 29 18 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 29 19 endure endure VB cord-344713-jisp238l 29 20 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 29 21 closures closure NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 29 22 than than IN cord-344713-jisp238l 29 23 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 29 24 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 29 25 less less RBR cord-344713-jisp238l 29 26 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 29 27 affected affect VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 29 28 areas area NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 29 29 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 30 1 Children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 30 2 under under IN cord-344713-jisp238l 30 3 10 10 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 30 4 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 30 5 more more RBR cord-344713-jisp238l 30 6 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 30 7 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 30 8 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 30 9 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 30 10 yet yet CC cord-344713-jisp238l 30 11 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 30 12 aged age VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 30 13 14 14 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 30 14 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 30 15 older old JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 30 16 may may MD cord-344713-jisp238l 30 17 have have VB cord-344713-jisp238l 30 18 been be VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 30 19 more more RBR cord-344713-jisp238l 30 20 likely likely JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 30 21 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 30 22 quit quit VB cord-344713-jisp238l 30 23 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 30 24 during during IN cord-344713-jisp238l 30 25 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 30 26 prolonged prolong VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 30 27 closure closure NN cord-344713-jisp238l 30 28 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 30 29 join join VB cord-344713-jisp238l 30 30 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 30 31 labor labor NN cord-344713-jisp238l 30 32 force force NN cord-344713-jisp238l 30 33 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 31 1 1 1 LS cord-344713-jisp238l 32 1 During during IN cord-344713-jisp238l 32 2 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 32 3 Ebola Ebola NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 32 4 outbreak outbreak NN cord-344713-jisp238l 32 5 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 32 6 five five CD cord-344713-jisp238l 32 7 million million CD cord-344713-jisp238l 32 8 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 32 9 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 32 10 Africa Africa NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 32 11 faced face VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 32 12 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 32 13 closures closure NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 32 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 32 15 Sifferlin Sifferlin NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 32 16 2014 2014 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 32 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 32 18 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 33 1 Schools school NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 33 2 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 33 3 Sierra Sierra NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 33 4 Leone Leone NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 33 5 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 33 6 closed close VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 33 7 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 33 8 nine nine CD cord-344713-jisp238l 33 9 months month NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 33 10 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 33 11 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 33 12 schools school NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 33 13 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 33 14 Guinea Guinea NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 33 15 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 33 16 Liberia Liberia NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 33 17 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 33 18 closed close VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 33 19 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 33 20 six six CD cord-344713-jisp238l 33 21 months month NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 33 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 33 23 Sifferlin Sifferlin NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 33 24 2014 2014 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 33 25 ; ; : cord-344713-jisp238l 33 26 Paye Paye NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 33 27 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 33 28 Layleh Layleh NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 33 29 2015 2015 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 33 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 33 31 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 34 1 In in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 34 2 Nigeria Nigeria NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 34 3 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 34 4 schools school NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 34 5 that that WDT cord-344713-jisp238l 34 6 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 34 7 supposed suppose VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 34 8 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 34 9 open open VB cord-344713-jisp238l 34 10 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 34 11 August August NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 34 12 remained remain VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 34 13 closed closed JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 34 14 until until IN cord-344713-jisp238l 34 15 October October NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 34 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 34 17 BBC BBC NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 34 18 News News NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 34 19 2014 2014 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 34 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 34 21 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 35 1 2 2 LS cord-344713-jisp238l 35 2 Studies study NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 35 3 examining examine VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 35 4 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 35 5 impact impact NN cord-344713-jisp238l 35 6 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 35 7 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 35 8 2003 2003 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 35 9 SARS SARS NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 35 10 outbreak outbreak NN cord-344713-jisp238l 35 11 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 35 12 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 35 13 Chinese chinese JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 35 14 economy economy NN cord-344713-jisp238l 35 15 show show VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 35 16 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 35 17 it -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 35 18 resulted result VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 35 19 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 35 20 temporary temporary JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 35 21 negative negative JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 35 22 shocks shock NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 35 23 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 35 24 tourism tourism NN cord-344713-jisp238l 35 25 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 35 26 retail retail JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 35 27 sales sale NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 35 28 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 35 29 personal personal JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 35 30 consumption consumption NN cord-344713-jisp238l 35 31 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 35 32 as as RB cord-344713-jisp238l 35 33 well well RB cord-344713-jisp238l 35 34 as as IN cord-344713-jisp238l 35 35 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 35 36 0.5 0.5 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 35 37 % % NN cord-344713-jisp238l 35 38 reduction reduction NN cord-344713-jisp238l 35 39 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 35 40 GDP GDP NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 35 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 35 42 Siu Siu NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 35 43 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 35 44 Wong Wong NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 35 45 2004 2004 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 35 46 ; ; : cord-344713-jisp238l 35 47 Hanna Hanna NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 35 48 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 35 49 Huang Huang NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 35 50 2004 2004 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 35 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 35 52 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 36 1 More More JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 36 2 recent recent JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 36 3 studies study NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 36 4 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 36 5 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 36 6 impact impact NN cord-344713-jisp238l 36 7 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 36 8 Ebola Ebola NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 36 9 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 36 10 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 36 11 countries country NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 36 12 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 36 13 Guinea Guinea NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 36 14 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 36 15 Liberia Liberia NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 36 16 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 36 17 Sierra Sierra NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 36 18 Leone Leone NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 36 19 suggest suggest VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 36 20 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 36 21 " " `` cord-344713-jisp238l 36 22 aversion aversion NN cord-344713-jisp238l 36 23 behavior"-the behavior"-the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 36 24 actions action NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 36 25 taken take VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 36 26 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 36 27 people people NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 36 28 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 36 29 avoid avoid VB cord-344713-jisp238l 36 30 illness illness NN cord-344713-jisp238l 36 31 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 36 32 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 36 33 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 36 34 actions action NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 36 35 taken take VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 36 36 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 36 37 investors investor NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 36 38 as as IN cord-344713-jisp238l 36 39 they -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 36 40 anticipate anticipate VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 36 41 these these DT cord-344713-jisp238l 36 42 behaviors behavior NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 36 43 - - , cord-344713-jisp238l 36 44 led lead VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 36 45 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 36 46 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 36 47 loss loss NN cord-344713-jisp238l 36 48 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 36 49 $ $ $ cord-344713-jisp238l 36 50 1.6 1.6 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 36 51 billion billion CD cord-344713-jisp238l 36 52 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 36 53 2015 2015 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 36 54 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 36 55 or or CC cord-344713-jisp238l 36 56 about about RB cord-344713-jisp238l 36 57 12 12 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 36 58 % % NN cord-344713-jisp238l 36 59 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 36 60 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 36 61 combined combine VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 36 62 GDP gdp NN cord-344713-jisp238l 36 63 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 36 64 Thomas Thomas NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 36 65 et et NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 36 66 al al NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 36 67 . . NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 36 68 2015 2015 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 36 69 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 36 70 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 37 1 3 3 LS cord-344713-jisp238l 37 2 Prior prior RB cord-344713-jisp238l 37 3 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 37 4 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 37 5 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 37 6 most most JJS cord-344713-jisp238l 37 7 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 37 8 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 37 9 US US NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 37 10 population population NN cord-344713-jisp238l 37 11 had have VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 37 12 limited limited JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 37 13 experience experience NN cord-344713-jisp238l 37 14 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 37 15 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 37 16 poliovirus poliovirus NN cord-344713-jisp238l 37 17 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 38 1 While while IN cord-344713-jisp238l 38 2 minor minor JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 38 3 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 38 4 relatively relatively RB cord-344713-jisp238l 38 5 isolated isolate VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 38 6 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 38 7 occurred occur VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 38 8 previously previously RB cord-344713-jisp238l 38 9 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 38 10 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 38 11 USA USA NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 38 12 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 38 13 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 38 14 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 38 15 outbreak outbreak NN cord-344713-jisp238l 38 16 affected affect VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 38 17 more more JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 38 18 than than IN cord-344713-jisp238l 38 19 three three CD cord-344713-jisp238l 38 20 times time NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 38 21 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 38 22 number number NN cord-344713-jisp238l 38 23 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 38 24 people people NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 38 25 relative relative JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 38 26 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 38 27 previous previous JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 38 28 years year NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 38 29 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 39 1 In in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 39 2 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 39 3 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 39 4 28.5 28.5 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 39 5 cases case NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 39 6 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 39 7 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 39 8 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 39 9 reported report VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 39 10 per per IN cord-344713-jisp238l 39 11 100,000 100,000 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 39 12 people people NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 39 13 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 39 14 compared compare VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 39 15 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 39 16 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 39 17 1909 1909 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 39 18 - - SYM cord-344713-jisp238l 39 19 1915 1915 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 39 20 rate rate NN cord-344713-jisp238l 39 21 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 39 22 7.9 7.9 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 39 23 per per IN cord-344713-jisp238l 39 24 100,000 100,000 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 39 25 population population NN cord-344713-jisp238l 39 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 39 27 Paul Paul NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 39 28 1971 1971 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 39 29 ; ; : cord-344713-jisp238l 39 30 Nathanson Nathanson NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 39 31 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 39 32 Kew Kew NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 39 33 2010 2010 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 39 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 39 35 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 40 1 4 4 LS cord-344713-jisp238l 41 1 The the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 41 2 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 41 3 outbreak outbreak NN cord-344713-jisp238l 41 4 had have VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 41 5 greater great JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 41 6 rates rate NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 41 7 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 41 8 morbidity morbidity NN cord-344713-jisp238l 41 9 than than IN cord-344713-jisp238l 41 10 later later JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 41 11 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 41 12 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 41 13 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 41 14 there there EX cord-344713-jisp238l 41 15 is be VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 41 16 evidence evidence NN cord-344713-jisp238l 41 17 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 41 18 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 41 19 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 41 20 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 41 21 may may MD cord-344713-jisp238l 41 22 also also RB cord-344713-jisp238l 41 23 have have VB cord-344713-jisp238l 41 24 been be VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 41 25 under under RB cord-344713-jisp238l 41 26 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 41 27 reported report VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 41 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 41 29 Nathanson Nathanson NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 41 30 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 41 31 Kew Kew NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 41 32 2010 2010 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 41 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 41 34 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 42 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 42 2 results result NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 42 3 show show VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 42 4 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 42 5 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 42 6 born bear VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 42 7 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 42 8 states state NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 42 9 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 42 10 more more RBR cord-344713-jisp238l 42 11 reported report VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 42 12 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 42 13 cases case NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 42 14 had have VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 42 15 lower low JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 42 16 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 42 17 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 42 18 compared compare VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 42 19 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 42 20 slightly slightly RB cord-344713-jisp238l 42 21 older old JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 42 22 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 42 23 cohorts cohort NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 42 24 who who WP cord-344713-jisp238l 42 25 would would MD cord-344713-jisp238l 42 26 have have VB cord-344713-jisp238l 42 27 already already RB cord-344713-jisp238l 42 28 completed complete VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 42 29 schooling schooling NN cord-344713-jisp238l 42 30 before before IN cord-344713-jisp238l 42 31 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 42 32 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 42 33 - - SYM cord-344713-jisp238l 42 34 1917 1917 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 42 35 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 42 36 year year NN cord-344713-jisp238l 42 37 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 42 38 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 42 39 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 42 40 decline decline NN cord-344713-jisp238l 42 41 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 42 42 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 42 43 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 42 44 varied varied JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 42 45 depending depend VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 42 46 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 42 47 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 42 48 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 42 49 during during IN cord-344713-jisp238l 42 50 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 42 51 outbreak outbreak NN cord-344713-jisp238l 42 52 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 43 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 43 2 find find VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 43 3 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 43 4 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 43 5 one one CD cord-344713-jisp238l 43 6 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 43 7 standard standard NN cord-344713-jisp238l 43 8 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 43 9 deviation deviation NN cord-344713-jisp238l 43 10 increase increase NN cord-344713-jisp238l 43 11 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 43 12 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 43 13 intensity intensity NN cord-344713-jisp238l 43 14 reduced reduce VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 43 15 years year NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 43 16 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 43 17 completed complete VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 43 18 schooling schooling NN cord-344713-jisp238l 43 19 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 43 20 0.07 0.07 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 43 21 years year NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 43 22 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 43 23 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 43 24 between between IN cord-344713-jisp238l 43 25 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 43 26 ages age NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 43 27 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 43 28 14 14 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 43 29 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 43 30 17 17 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 43 31 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 43 32 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 43 33 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 44 1 For for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 44 2 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 44 3 who who WP cord-344713-jisp238l 44 4 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 44 5 10 10 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 44 6 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 44 7 under under IN cord-344713-jisp238l 44 8 during during IN cord-344713-jisp238l 44 9 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 44 10 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 44 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 44 12 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 44 13 who who WP cord-344713-jisp238l 44 14 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 44 15 most most RBS cord-344713-jisp238l 44 16 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 44 17 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 44 18 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 44 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 44 20 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 44 21 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 44 22 one one CD cord-344713-jisp238l 44 23 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 44 24 standard standard NN cord-344713-jisp238l 44 25 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 44 26 deviation deviation NN cord-344713-jisp238l 44 27 increase increase NN cord-344713-jisp238l 44 28 led lead VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 44 29 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 44 30 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 44 31 0.1 0.1 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 44 32 year year NN cord-344713-jisp238l 44 33 reduction reduction NN cord-344713-jisp238l 44 34 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 44 35 years year NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 44 36 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 44 37 completed complete VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 44 38 education education NN cord-344713-jisp238l 44 39 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 45 1 These these DT cord-344713-jisp238l 45 2 results result NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 45 3 are be VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 45 4 robust robust JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 45 5 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 45 6 controlling control VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 45 7 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 45 8 1918 1918 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 45 9 - - SYM cord-344713-jisp238l 45 10 1919 1919 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 45 11 influenza influenza NN cord-344713-jisp238l 45 12 intensity intensity NN cord-344713-jisp238l 45 13 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 46 1 Polio Polio NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 46 2 is be VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 46 3 caused cause VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 46 4 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 46 5 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 46 6 poliovirus poliovirus NN cord-344713-jisp238l 46 7 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 46 8 an an DT cord-344713-jisp238l 46 9 enterovirus enterovirus NN cord-344713-jisp238l 46 10 transmitted transmit VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 46 11 fecal fecal NN cord-344713-jisp238l 46 12 - - : cord-344713-jisp238l 46 13 orally orally RB cord-344713-jisp238l 46 14 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 47 1 Evidence evidence NN cord-344713-jisp238l 47 2 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 47 3 Egyptian egyptian JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 47 4 stele stele NN cord-344713-jisp238l 47 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 47 6 depicting depict VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 47 7 an an DT cord-344713-jisp238l 47 8 adult adult NN cord-344713-jisp238l 47 9 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 47 10 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 47 11 withered withered JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 47 12 leg leg NN cord-344713-jisp238l 47 13 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 47 14 crutch crutch NN cord-344713-jisp238l 47 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 47 16 dating date VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 47 17 from from IN cord-344713-jisp238l 47 18 1580 1580 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 47 19 - - SYM cord-344713-jisp238l 47 20 1350 1350 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 47 21 BC BC NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 47 22 suggests suggest VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 47 23 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 47 24 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 47 25 has have VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 47 26 existed exist VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 47 27 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 47 28 thousands thousand NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 47 29 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 47 30 years year NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 47 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 47 32 Nathanson Nathanson NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 47 33 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 47 34 Kew Kew NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 47 35 2010 2010 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 47 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 47 37 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 48 1 Although although IN cord-344713-jisp238l 48 2 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 48 3 existence existence NN cord-344713-jisp238l 48 4 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 48 5 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 48 6 dates date NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 48 7 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 48 8 antiquity antiquity NN cord-344713-jisp238l 48 9 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 48 10 it -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 48 11 was be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 48 12 not not RB cord-344713-jisp238l 48 13 until until IN cord-344713-jisp238l 48 14 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 48 15 late late JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 48 16 19th 19th JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 48 17 century century NN cord-344713-jisp238l 48 18 that that WDT cord-344713-jisp238l 48 19 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 48 20 began begin VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 48 21 occurring occur VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 48 22 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 48 23 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 48 24 USA USA NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 48 25 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 48 26 Europe Europe NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 48 27 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 49 1 The the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 49 2 most most RBS cord-344713-jisp238l 49 3 plausible plausible JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 49 4 explanation explanation NN cord-344713-jisp238l 49 5 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 49 6 this this DT cord-344713-jisp238l 49 7 pattern pattern NN cord-344713-jisp238l 49 8 is be VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 49 9 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 49 10 before before IN cord-344713-jisp238l 49 11 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 49 12 late late JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 49 13 19th 19th JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 49 14 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 49 15 early early JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 49 16 twentieth twentieth JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 49 17 centuries century NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 49 18 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 49 19 most most JJS cord-344713-jisp238l 49 20 people people NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 49 21 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 49 22 probably probably RB cord-344713-jisp238l 49 23 exposed expose VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 49 24 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 49 25 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 49 26 during during IN cord-344713-jisp238l 49 27 infancy infancy NN cord-344713-jisp238l 49 28 when when WRB cord-344713-jisp238l 49 29 infants infant NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 49 30 had have VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 49 31 circulating circulate VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 49 32 maternal maternal JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 49 33 antibodies antibody NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 49 34 that that WDT cord-344713-jisp238l 49 35 made make VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 49 36 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 49 37 infection infection NN cord-344713-jisp238l 49 38 much much RB cord-344713-jisp238l 49 39 less less RBR cord-344713-jisp238l 49 40 severe severe JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 49 41 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 50 1 Over over IN cord-344713-jisp238l 50 2 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 50 3 next next JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 50 4 100 100 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 50 5 years year NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 50 6 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 50 7 improved improve VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 50 8 public public JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 50 9 sanitation sanitation NN cord-344713-jisp238l 50 10 delayed delay VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 50 11 exposure exposure NN cord-344713-jisp238l 50 12 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 50 13 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 50 14 virus virus NN cord-344713-jisp238l 50 15 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 50 16 thus thus RB cord-344713-jisp238l 50 17 increasing increase VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 50 18 both both CC cord-344713-jisp238l 50 19 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 50 20 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 50 21 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 50 22 primary primary JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 50 23 infection infection NN cord-344713-jisp238l 50 24 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 50 25 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 50 26 severity severity NN cord-344713-jisp238l 50 27 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 50 28 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 50 29 illness illness NN cord-344713-jisp238l 50 30 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 50 31 since since IN cord-344713-jisp238l 50 32 maternal maternal JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 50 33 antibodies antibody NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 50 34 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 50 35 no no RB cord-344713-jisp238l 50 36 longer long RBR cord-344713-jisp238l 50 37 circulating circulate VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 50 38 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 51 1 As as IN cord-344713-jisp238l 51 2 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 51 3 result result NN cord-344713-jisp238l 51 4 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 51 5 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 51 6 that that WDT cord-344713-jisp238l 51 7 became become VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 51 8 increasingly increasingly RB cord-344713-jisp238l 51 9 severe severe JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 51 10 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 51 11 reported report VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 51 12 each each DT cord-344713-jisp238l 51 13 summer summer NN cord-344713-jisp238l 51 14 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 51 15 fall fall VB cord-344713-jisp238l 51 16 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 51 17 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 51 18 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 51 19 average average JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 51 20 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 51 21 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 51 22 persons person NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 51 23 infected infect VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 51 24 increased increase VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 51 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 51 26 Nathanson Nathanson NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 51 27 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 51 28 Kew Kew NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 51 29 2010 2010 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 51 30 ; ; : cord-344713-jisp238l 51 31 Centers Centers NNPS cord-344713-jisp238l 51 32 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 51 33 Disease Disease NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 51 34 Control Control NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 51 35 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 51 36 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 51 37 2015 2015 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 51 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 51 39 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 52 1 5 5 LS cord-344713-jisp238l 53 1 In in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 53 2 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 53 3 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 53 4 there there EX cord-344713-jisp238l 53 5 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 53 6 over over IN cord-344713-jisp238l 53 7 5000 5000 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 53 8 deaths death NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 53 9 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 53 10 23,000 23,000 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 53 11 more more JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 53 12 documented document VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 53 13 infections infection NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 53 14 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 53 15 numbers number NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 53 16 that that WDT cord-344713-jisp238l 53 17 eclipsed eclipse VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 53 18 those those DT cord-344713-jisp238l 53 19 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 53 20 previous previous JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 53 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 53 22 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 53 23 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 53 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 53 25 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 53 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 53 27 Lavinder Lavinder NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 53 28 et et FW cord-344713-jisp238l 53 29 al al NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 53 30 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 53 31 1918 1918 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 53 32 ; ; : cord-344713-jisp238l 53 33 Trevelyan Trevelyan NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 53 34 et et NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 53 35 al al NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 53 36 . . NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 53 37 2005 2005 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 53 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 53 39 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 54 1 Table table NN cord-344713-jisp238l 54 2 1 1 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 54 3 details detail NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 54 4 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 54 5 number number NN cord-344713-jisp238l 54 6 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 54 7 reported report VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 54 8 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 54 9 cases case NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 54 10 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 54 11 deaths death NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 54 12 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 54 13 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 54 14 during during IN cord-344713-jisp238l 54 15 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 54 16 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 54 17 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 55 1 Nearly nearly RB cord-344713-jisp238l 55 2 every every DT cord-344713-jisp238l 55 3 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 55 4 reported report VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 55 5 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 55 6 cases case NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 55 7 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 55 8 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 55 9 Massachusetts Massachusetts NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 55 10 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 55 11 New New NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 55 12 York York NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 55 13 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 55 14 New New NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 55 15 Jersey Jersey NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 55 16 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 55 17 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 55 18 Connecticut Connecticut NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 55 19 reporting report VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 55 20 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 55 21 highest high JJS cord-344713-jisp238l 55 22 numbers number NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 55 23 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 55 24 reported report VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 55 25 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 55 26 infections infection NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 55 27 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 56 1 While while IN cord-344713-jisp238l 56 2 much much JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 56 3 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 56 4 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 56 5 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 56 6 was be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 56 7 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 56 8 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 56 9 northeastern northeastern JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 56 10 USA USA NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 56 11 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 56 12 there there EX cord-344713-jisp238l 56 13 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 56 14 also also RB cord-344713-jisp238l 56 15 sizable sizable JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 56 16 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 56 17 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 56 18 Minnesota Minnesota NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 56 19 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 56 20 Montana Montana NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 56 21 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 56 22 Mississippi Mississippi NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 56 23 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 57 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 57 2 is be VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 57 3 important important JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 57 4 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 57 5 note note VB cord-344713-jisp238l 57 6 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 57 7 while while IN cord-344713-jisp238l 57 8 cities city NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 57 9 may may MD cord-344713-jisp238l 57 10 be be VB cord-344713-jisp238l 57 11 more more RBR cord-344713-jisp238l 57 12 heavily heavily RB cord-344713-jisp238l 57 13 impacted impact VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 57 14 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 57 15 modern modern JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 57 16 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 57 17 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 57 18 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 57 19 was be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 57 20 unusual unusual JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 57 21 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 57 22 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 57 23 it -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 57 24 was be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 57 25 precisely precisely RB cord-344713-jisp238l 57 26 better well JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 57 27 hygiene hygiene NN cord-344713-jisp238l 57 28 that that WDT cord-344713-jisp238l 57 29 predisposed predispose VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 57 30 victims victim NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 57 31 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 57 32 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 57 33 later later NN cord-344713-jisp238l 57 34 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 57 35 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 57 36 more more RBR cord-344713-jisp238l 57 37 severe severe JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 57 38 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 57 39 onset onset NN cord-344713-jisp238l 57 40 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 58 1 In in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 58 2 places place NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 58 3 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 58 4 poor poor JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 58 5 sanitation sanitation NN cord-344713-jisp238l 58 6 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 58 7 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 58 8 would would MD cord-344713-jisp238l 58 9 have have VB cord-344713-jisp238l 58 10 been be VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 58 11 exposed expose VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 58 12 at at IN cord-344713-jisp238l 58 13 much much RB cord-344713-jisp238l 58 14 younger young JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 58 15 ages age NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 58 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 58 17 often often RB cord-344713-jisp238l 58 18 infancy infancy JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 58 19 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 58 20 without without IN cord-344713-jisp238l 58 21 obvious obvious JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 58 22 symptoms symptom NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 58 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 58 24 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 58 25 be be VB cord-344713-jisp238l 58 26 less less RBR cord-344713-jisp238l 58 27 likely likely JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 58 28 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 58 29 suffer suffer VB cord-344713-jisp238l 58 30 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 58 31 severe severe JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 58 32 case case NN cord-344713-jisp238l 58 33 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 59 1 While while IN cord-344713-jisp238l 59 2 many many JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 59 3 cities city NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 59 4 had have VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 59 5 improved improve VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 59 6 sewer sewer NN cord-344713-jisp238l 59 7 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 59 8 sanitation sanitation NN cord-344713-jisp238l 59 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 59 10 thus thus RB cord-344713-jisp238l 59 11 leading lead VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 59 12 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 59 13 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 59 14 large large JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 59 15 flare flare NN cord-344713-jisp238l 59 16 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 59 17 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 59 18 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 59 19 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 59 20 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 59 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 59 22 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 59 23 rural rural JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 59 24 areas area NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 59 25 had have VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 59 26 traditionally traditionally RB cord-344713-jisp238l 59 27 been be VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 59 28 " " `` cord-344713-jisp238l 59 29 healthier healthy JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 59 30 " " '' cord-344713-jisp238l 59 31 places place NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 59 32 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 59 33 live live VB cord-344713-jisp238l 59 34 from from IN cord-344713-jisp238l 59 35 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 59 36 sanitation sanitation NN cord-344713-jisp238l 59 37 standpoint standpoint NN cord-344713-jisp238l 59 38 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 60 1 Lavinder Lavinder NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 60 2 et et NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 60 3 al al NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 60 4 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 61 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 61 2 1918 1918 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 61 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 61 4 note note VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 61 5 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 61 6 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 61 7 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 61 8 was be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 61 9 more more RBR cord-344713-jisp238l 61 10 prevalent prevalent JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 61 11 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 61 12 intense intense JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 61 13 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 61 14 small small JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 61 15 towns town NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 61 16 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 61 17 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 61 18 country country NN cord-344713-jisp238l 61 19 than than IN cord-344713-jisp238l 61 20 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 61 21 large large JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 61 22 cities city NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 61 23 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 61 24 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 61 25 " " `` cord-344713-jisp238l 61 26 ... ... : cord-344713-jisp238l 61 27 not not RB cord-344713-jisp238l 61 28 due due JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 61 29 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 61 30 mere mere JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 61 31 chance chance NN cord-344713-jisp238l 61 32 but but CC cord-344713-jisp238l 61 33 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 61 34 some some DT cord-344713-jisp238l 61 35 fundamental fundamental JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 61 36 law law NN cord-344713-jisp238l 61 37 " " '' cord-344713-jisp238l 61 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 61 39 p. p. NN cord-344713-jisp238l 61 40 19 19 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 61 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 61 42 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 62 1 The the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 62 2 outbreak outbreak NN cord-344713-jisp238l 62 3 generated generate VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 62 4 substantial substantial JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 62 5 fear fear NN cord-344713-jisp238l 62 6 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 63 1 Commonly commonly RB cord-344713-jisp238l 63 2 known know VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 63 3 as as IN cord-344713-jisp238l 63 4 " " `` cord-344713-jisp238l 63 5 infantile infantile JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 63 6 paralysis paralysis NN cord-344713-jisp238l 63 7 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 63 8 " " '' cord-344713-jisp238l 63 9 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 63 10 often often RB cord-344713-jisp238l 63 11 caused cause VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 63 12 mild mild JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 63 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 63 14 or or CC cord-344713-jisp238l 63 15 no no DT cord-344713-jisp238l 63 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 63 17 symptoms symptom NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 63 18 but but CC cord-344713-jisp238l 63 19 could could MD cord-344713-jisp238l 63 20 attack attack VB cord-344713-jisp238l 63 21 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 63 22 nervous nervous JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 63 23 system system NN cord-344713-jisp238l 63 24 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 63 25 cause cause VB cord-344713-jisp238l 63 26 permanent permanent JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 63 27 paralysis paralysis NN cord-344713-jisp238l 63 28 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 64 1 Little little JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 64 2 was be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 64 3 known know VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 64 4 about about IN cord-344713-jisp238l 64 5 how how WRB cord-344713-jisp238l 64 6 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 64 7 disease disease NN cord-344713-jisp238l 64 8 was be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 64 9 spread spread VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 64 10 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 64 11 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 64 12 no no DT cord-344713-jisp238l 64 13 vaccine vaccine NN cord-344713-jisp238l 64 14 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 64 15 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 64 16 would would MD cord-344713-jisp238l 64 17 be be VB cord-344713-jisp238l 64 18 available available JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 64 19 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 64 20 another another DT cord-344713-jisp238l 64 21 forty forty CD cord-344713-jisp238l 64 22 years year NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 64 23 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 65 1 The the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 65 2 disease disease NN cord-344713-jisp238l 65 3 transcended transcend VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 65 4 class class NN cord-344713-jisp238l 65 5 lines line NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 65 6 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 65 7 affected affect VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 65 8 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 65 9 poor poor JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 65 10 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 65 11 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 65 12 rich rich JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 65 13 alike alike RB cord-344713-jisp238l 65 14 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 66 1 In in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 66 2 New New NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 66 3 York York NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 66 4 City City NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 66 5 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 66 6 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 66 7 example example NN cord-344713-jisp238l 66 8 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 66 9 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 66 10 large large JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 66 11 share share NN cord-344713-jisp238l 66 12 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 66 13 cases case NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 66 14 occurred occur VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 66 15 among among IN cord-344713-jisp238l 66 16 native native JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 66 17 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 66 18 born bear VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 66 19 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 66 20 living live VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 66 21 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 66 22 single single JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 66 23 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 66 24 family family NN cord-344713-jisp238l 66 25 dwellings dwelling NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 66 26 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 66 27 clean clean JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 66 28 surroundings surrounding NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 66 29 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 66 30 indoor indoor JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 66 31 toilets toilet NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 66 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 66 33 Lavinder Lavinder NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 66 34 et et NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 66 35 al al NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 66 36 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 66 37 1918 1918 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 66 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 66 39 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 67 1 6 6 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 67 2 3 3 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 67 3 Actions Actions NNPS cord-344713-jisp238l 67 4 taken take VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 67 5 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 67 6 curb curb VB cord-344713-jisp238l 67 7 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 67 8 spread spread NN cord-344713-jisp238l 67 9 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 67 10 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 67 11 Public Public NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 67 12 health health NN cord-344713-jisp238l 67 13 officials official NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 67 14 struggled struggle VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 67 15 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 67 16 contain contain VB cord-344713-jisp238l 67 17 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 67 18 outbreak outbreak NN cord-344713-jisp238l 67 19 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 67 20 which which WDT cord-344713-jisp238l 67 21 began begin VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 67 22 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 67 23 June June NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 67 24 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 67 25 lasted last VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 67 26 until until IN cord-344713-jisp238l 67 27 November November NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 67 28 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 68 1 As as IN cord-344713-jisp238l 68 2 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 68 3 disease disease NN cord-344713-jisp238l 68 4 spread spread VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 68 5 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 68 6 officials official NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 68 7 became become VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 68 8 increasingly increasingly RB cord-344713-jisp238l 68 9 desperate desperate JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 68 10 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 69 1 To to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 69 2 prevent prevent VB cord-344713-jisp238l 69 3 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 69 4 spread spread NN cord-344713-jisp238l 69 5 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 69 6 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 69 7 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 69 8 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 69 9 allay allay VB cord-344713-jisp238l 69 10 public public JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 69 11 fear fear NN cord-344713-jisp238l 69 12 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 69 13 officials official NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 69 14 implemented implement VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 69 15 various various JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 69 16 non non JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 69 17 - - JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 69 18 pharmaceutical pharmaceutical JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 69 19 interventions intervention NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 69 20 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 69 21 such such JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 69 22 as as IN cord-344713-jisp238l 69 23 strict strict JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 69 24 quarantines quarantine NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 69 25 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 70 1 Placards placard NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 70 2 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 70 3 also also RB cord-344713-jisp238l 70 4 placed place VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 70 5 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 70 6 front front NN cord-344713-jisp238l 70 7 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 70 8 homes home NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 70 9 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 70 10 infected infected JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 70 11 individuals individual NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 70 12 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 70 13 notify notify VB cord-344713-jisp238l 70 14 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 70 15 community community NN cord-344713-jisp238l 70 16 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 70 17 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 70 18 public public JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 70 19 health health NN cord-344713-jisp238l 70 20 risk risk NN cord-344713-jisp238l 70 21 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 71 1 In in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 71 2 at at RB cord-344713-jisp238l 71 3 least least RBS cord-344713-jisp238l 71 4 one one CD cord-344713-jisp238l 71 5 case case NN cord-344713-jisp238l 71 6 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 71 7 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 71 8 child child NN cord-344713-jisp238l 71 9 suffering suffer VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 71 10 from from IN cord-344713-jisp238l 71 11 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 71 12 was be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 71 13 forcibly forcibly RB cord-344713-jisp238l 71 14 removed remove VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 71 15 from from IN cord-344713-jisp238l 71 16 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 71 17 home home NN cord-344713-jisp238l 71 18 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 71 19 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 71 20 hospital hospital NN cord-344713-jisp238l 71 21 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 71 22 against against IN cord-344713-jisp238l 71 23 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 71 24 wishes wish NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 71 25 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 71 26 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 71 27 parents parent NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 71 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 71 29 Emerson Emerson NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 71 30 1917 1917 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 71 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 71 32 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 72 1 In in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 72 2 New New NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 72 3 York York NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 72 4 City City NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 72 5 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 72 6 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 72 7 ages age NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 72 8 16 16 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 72 9 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 72 10 under under IN cord-344713-jisp238l 72 11 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 72 12 prohibited prohibit VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 72 13 from from IN cord-344713-jisp238l 72 14 leaving leave VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 72 15 New New NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 72 16 York York NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 72 17 City City NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 72 18 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 72 19 travel travel NN cord-344713-jisp238l 72 20 unless unless IN cord-344713-jisp238l 72 21 they -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 72 22 produced produce VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 72 23 " " '' cord-344713-jisp238l 72 24 ... ... : cord-344713-jisp238l 72 25 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 72 26 certificate certificate NN cord-344713-jisp238l 72 27 that that WDT cord-344713-jisp238l 72 28 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 72 29 premises premise NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 72 30 occupied occupy VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 72 31 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 72 32 them -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 72 33 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 72 34 free free JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 72 35 from from IN cord-344713-jisp238l 72 36 poliomyelitis poliomyelitis NN cord-344713-jisp238l 72 37 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 72 38 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 72 39 had have VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 72 40 been be VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 72 41 free free JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 72 42 from from IN cord-344713-jisp238l 72 43 this this DT cord-344713-jisp238l 72 44 disease disease NN cord-344713-jisp238l 72 45 since since IN cord-344713-jisp238l 72 46 January January NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 72 47 1 1 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 72 48 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 72 49 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 72 50 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 73 1 " " `` cord-344713-jisp238l 73 2 This this DT cord-344713-jisp238l 73 3 was be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 73 4 supplemented supplement VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 73 5 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 73 6 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 73 7 medical medical JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 73 8 examination examination NN cord-344713-jisp238l 73 9 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 73 10 such such JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 73 11 travelers traveler NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 73 12 at at IN cord-344713-jisp238l 73 13 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 73 14 point point NN cord-344713-jisp238l 73 15 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 73 16 departure departure NN cord-344713-jisp238l 73 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 73 18 Emerson Emerson NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 73 19 1917 1917 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 73 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 73 21 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 74 1 In in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 74 2 New New NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 74 3 York York NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 74 4 City City NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 74 5 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 74 6 Philadelphia Philadelphia NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 74 7 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 74 8 health health NN cord-344713-jisp238l 74 9 officials official NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 74 10 ordered order VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 74 11 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 74 12 city city NN cord-344713-jisp238l 74 13 streets street NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 74 14 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 74 15 be be VB cord-344713-jisp238l 74 16 washed wash VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 74 17 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 74 18 millions million NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 74 19 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 74 20 gallons gallon NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 74 21 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 74 22 water water NN cord-344713-jisp238l 74 23 each each DT cord-344713-jisp238l 74 24 day day NN cord-344713-jisp238l 74 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 74 26 Offit Offit NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 74 27 2005 2005 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 74 28 ; ; : cord-344713-jisp238l 74 29 Rogers Rogers NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 74 30 1992 1992 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 74 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 74 32 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 75 1 7 7 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 75 2 Government Government NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 75 3 policy policy NN cord-344713-jisp238l 75 4 also also RB cord-344713-jisp238l 75 5 called call VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 75 6 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 75 7 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 75 8 ban ban NN cord-344713-jisp238l 75 9 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 75 10 public public JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 75 11 gatherings gathering NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 75 12 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 75 13 areas area NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 75 14 where where WRB cord-344713-jisp238l 75 15 numerous numerous JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 75 16 cases case NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 75 17 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 75 18 reported report VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 75 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 75 20 Emerson Emerson NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 75 21 1917 1917 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 75 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 75 23 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 76 1 In in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 76 2 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 76 3 summer summer NN cord-344713-jisp238l 76 4 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 76 5 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 76 6 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 76 7 New New NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 76 8 York York NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 76 9 public public JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 76 10 health health NN cord-344713-jisp238l 76 11 officials official NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 76 12 barred bar VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 76 13 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 76 14 from from IN cord-344713-jisp238l 76 15 movie movie NN cord-344713-jisp238l 76 16 theaters theater NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 76 17 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 76 18 libraries library NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 76 19 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 76 20 closed close VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 76 21 Sunday Sunday NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 76 22 schools school NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 76 23 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 76 24 banned ban VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 76 25 picnics picnic NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 76 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 76 27 The the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 76 28 New New NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 76 29 York York NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 76 30 Times Times NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 76 31 1916c 1916c NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 76 32 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 76 33 e e NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 76 34 ; ; : cord-344713-jisp238l 76 35 Rogers Rogers NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 76 36 1992 1992 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 76 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 76 38 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 77 1 Fears fear NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 77 2 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 77 3 domesticated domesticate VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 77 4 animals animal NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 77 5 could could MD cord-344713-jisp238l 77 6 spread spread VB cord-344713-jisp238l 77 7 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 77 8 disease disease NN cord-344713-jisp238l 77 9 led lead VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 77 10 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 77 11 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 77 12 extermination extermination NN cord-344713-jisp238l 77 13 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 77 14 72,000 72,000 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 77 15 cats cat NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 77 16 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 77 17 8000 8000 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 77 18 dogs dog NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 77 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 77 20 The the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 77 21 New New NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 77 22 York York NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 77 23 Times Times NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 77 24 1916b 1916b NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 77 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 77 26 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 78 1 Even even RB cord-344713-jisp238l 78 2 though though IN cord-344713-jisp238l 78 3 drastic drastic JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 78 4 measures measure NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 78 5 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 78 6 undertaken undertake VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 78 7 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 78 8 control control VB cord-344713-jisp238l 78 9 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 78 10 spread spread NN cord-344713-jisp238l 78 11 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 78 12 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 78 13 disease disease NN cord-344713-jisp238l 78 14 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 78 15 hundreds hundred NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 78 16 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 78 17 new new JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 78 18 infections infection NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 78 19 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 78 20 reported report VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 78 21 every every DT cord-344713-jisp238l 78 22 week week NN cord-344713-jisp238l 78 23 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 79 1 As as IN cord-344713-jisp238l 79 2 autumn autumn NN cord-344713-jisp238l 79 3 approached approach VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 79 4 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 79 5 fears fear VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 79 6 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 79 7 afflicted afflict VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 79 8 youths youth NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 79 9 would would MD cord-344713-jisp238l 79 10 infect infect VB cord-344713-jisp238l 79 11 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 79 12 peers peer NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 79 13 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 79 14 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 79 15 belief belief NN cord-344713-jisp238l 79 16 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 79 17 quarantines quarantine NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 79 18 could could MD cord-344713-jisp238l 79 19 limit limit VB cord-344713-jisp238l 79 20 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 79 21 virus virus NN cord-344713-jisp238l 79 22 ' ' `` cord-344713-jisp238l 79 23 spread spread NN cord-344713-jisp238l 79 24 led lead VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 79 25 many many JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 79 26 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 79 27 districts district NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 79 28 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 79 29 delay delay VB cord-344713-jisp238l 79 30 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 79 31 start start NN cord-344713-jisp238l 79 32 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 79 33 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 79 34 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 79 35 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 79 36 year year NN cord-344713-jisp238l 79 37 until until IN cord-344713-jisp238l 79 38 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 79 39 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 79 40 waned wane VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 79 41 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 80 1 As as IN cord-344713-jisp238l 80 2 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 80 3 New New NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 80 4 York York NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 80 5 Department Department NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 80 6 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 80 7 Health Health NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 80 8 noted note VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 80 9 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 80 10 " " `` cord-344713-jisp238l 80 11 The the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 80 12 unprecedented unprecedented JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 80 13 virulence virulence NN cord-344713-jisp238l 80 14 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 80 15 extent extent NN cord-344713-jisp238l 80 16 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 80 17 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 80 18 existing exist VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 80 19 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 80 20 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 80 21 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 80 22 unfamiliarity unfamiliarity NN cord-344713-jisp238l 80 23 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 80 24 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 80 25 disease disease NN cord-344713-jisp238l 80 26 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 80 27 has have VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 80 28 engendered engender VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 80 29 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 80 30 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 80 31 public public NN cord-344713-jisp238l 80 32 such such PDT cord-344713-jisp238l 80 33 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 80 34 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 80 35 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 80 36 mind mind NN cord-344713-jisp238l 80 37 that that DT cord-344713-jisp238l 80 38 concession concession NN cord-344713-jisp238l 80 39 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 80 40 public public JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 80 41 alarm alarm NN cord-344713-jisp238l 80 42 seemed seem VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 80 43 advisable advisable JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 80 44 " " '' cord-344713-jisp238l 80 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 80 46 Emerson Emerson NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 80 47 1917 1917 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 80 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 80 49 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 81 1 The the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 81 2 extent extent NN cord-344713-jisp238l 81 3 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 81 4 nature nature NN cord-344713-jisp238l 81 5 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 81 6 these these DT cord-344713-jisp238l 81 7 closures closure NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 81 8 varied vary VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 81 9 across across IN cord-344713-jisp238l 81 10 political political JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 81 11 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 81 12 geographic geographic JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 81 13 divisions division NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 81 14 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 81 15 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 81 16 USA USA NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 81 17 due due IN cord-344713-jisp238l 81 18 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 81 19 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 81 20 decentralized decentralized JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 81 21 structure structure NN cord-344713-jisp238l 81 22 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 81 23 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 81 24 nation nation NN cord-344713-jisp238l 81 25 's 's POS cord-344713-jisp238l 81 26 public public JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 81 27 health health NN cord-344713-jisp238l 81 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 81 29 The the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 81 30 New New NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 81 31 York York NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 81 32 Times Times NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 81 33 1916d 1916d CD cord-344713-jisp238l 81 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 81 35 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 82 1 Newspaper newspaper NN cord-344713-jisp238l 82 2 accounts account NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 82 3 show show VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 82 4 numerous numerous JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 82 5 other other JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 82 6 cities city NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 82 7 nationwide nationwide RB cord-344713-jisp238l 82 8 joined join VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 82 9 New New NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 82 10 York York NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 82 11 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 82 12 postponing postpone VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 82 13 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 82 14 start start NN cord-344713-jisp238l 82 15 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 82 16 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 82 17 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 83 1 Philadelphia Philadelphia NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 83 2 delayed delay VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 83 3 opening opening NN cord-344713-jisp238l 83 4 schools school NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 83 5 until until IN cord-344713-jisp238l 83 6 September September NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 83 7 18th 18th NN cord-344713-jisp238l 83 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 83 9 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 83 10 then then RB cord-344713-jisp238l 83 11 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 83 12 October October NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 83 13 2nd 2nd NN cord-344713-jisp238l 83 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 83 15 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 83 16 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 83 17 both both DT cord-344713-jisp238l 83 18 Washington Washington NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 83 19 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 83 20 D.C. D.C. NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 83 21 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 83 22 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 83 23 Fort Fort NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 83 24 Wayne Wayne NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 83 25 schools school NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 83 26 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 83 27 not not RB cord-344713-jisp238l 83 28 reopened reopen VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 83 29 until until IN cord-344713-jisp238l 83 30 October October NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 83 31 2nd 2nd NN cord-344713-jisp238l 84 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 84 2 The the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 84 3 Washington Washington NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 84 4 Times Times NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 84 5 Company Company NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 84 6 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 84 7 ; ; : cord-344713-jisp238l 84 8 Evening Evening NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 84 9 Public Public NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 84 10 Ledger Ledger NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 84 11 1916a 1916a CD cord-344713-jisp238l 84 12 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 84 13 b b LS cord-344713-jisp238l 84 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 84 15 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 85 1 Schools school NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 85 2 closed close VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 85 3 across across IN cord-344713-jisp238l 85 4 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 85 5 nation nation NN cord-344713-jisp238l 85 6 even even RB cord-344713-jisp238l 85 7 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 85 8 states state NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 85 9 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 85 10 small small JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 85 11 numbers number NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 85 12 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 85 13 cases case NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 85 14 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 86 1 For for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 86 2 example example NN cord-344713-jisp238l 86 3 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 86 4 some some DT cord-344713-jisp238l 86 5 schools school NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 86 6 closed close VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 86 7 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 86 8 Seattle Seattle NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 86 9 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 86 10 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 86 11 only only RB cord-344713-jisp238l 86 12 five five CD cord-344713-jisp238l 86 13 cases case NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 86 14 reported report VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 86 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 87 1 The the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 87 2 Tacoma Tacoma NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 87 3 _SP cord-344713-jisp238l 87 4 Times Times NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 87 5 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 87 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 87 7 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 88 1 But but CC cord-344713-jisp238l 88 2 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 88 3 even even RB cord-344713-jisp238l 88 4 when when WRB cord-344713-jisp238l 88 5 schools school NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 88 6 may may MD cord-344713-jisp238l 88 7 not not RB cord-344713-jisp238l 88 8 have have VB cord-344713-jisp238l 88 9 been be VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 88 10 officially officially RB cord-344713-jisp238l 88 11 closed close VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 88 12 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 88 13 there there EX cord-344713-jisp238l 88 14 is be VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 88 15 evidence evidence NN cord-344713-jisp238l 88 16 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 88 17 parents parent NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 88 18 worried worry VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 88 19 about about IN cord-344713-jisp238l 88 20 sending send VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 88 21 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 88 22 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 88 23 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 88 24 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 88 25 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 89 1 9 9 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 90 1 For for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 90 2 example example NN cord-344713-jisp238l 90 3 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 90 4 even even RB cord-344713-jisp238l 90 5 after after IN cord-344713-jisp238l 90 6 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 90 7 delayed delay VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 90 8 reopening reopen VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 90 9 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 90 10 New New NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 90 11 York York NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 90 12 City City NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 90 13 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 90 14 worried worry VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 90 15 parents parent NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 90 16 withheld withhold VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 90 17 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 90 18 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 90 19 from from IN cord-344713-jisp238l 90 20 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 90 21 ; ; : cord-344713-jisp238l 90 22 up up IN cord-344713-jisp238l 90 23 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 90 24 200,000 200,000 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 90 25 students student NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 90 26 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 90 27 absent absent JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 90 28 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 90 29 first first JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 90 30 few few JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 90 31 weeks week NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 90 32 after after IN cord-344713-jisp238l 90 33 schools school NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 90 34 opened open VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 90 35 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 90 36 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 90 37 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 90 38 district district NN cord-344713-jisp238l 90 39 announced announce VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 90 40 " " `` cord-344713-jisp238l 90 41 leniency leniency NN cord-344713-jisp238l 90 42 " " '' cord-344713-jisp238l 90 43 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 90 44 parents parent NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 90 45 who who WP cord-344713-jisp238l 90 46 failed fail VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 90 47 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 90 48 send send VB cord-344713-jisp238l 90 49 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 90 50 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 90 51 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 90 52 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 90 53 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 91 1 The the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 91 2 New New NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 91 3 York York NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 91 4 Times Times NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 91 5 1916a 1916a CD cord-344713-jisp238l 91 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 91 7 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 92 1 To to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 92 2 gain gain VB cord-344713-jisp238l 92 3 insight insight NN cord-344713-jisp238l 92 4 into into IN cord-344713-jisp238l 92 5 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 92 6 extent extent NN cord-344713-jisp238l 92 7 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 92 8 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 92 9 closures closure NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 92 10 nationally nationally RB cord-344713-jisp238l 92 11 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 92 12 when when WRB cord-344713-jisp238l 92 13 they -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 92 14 occurred occur VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 92 15 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 92 16 we -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 92 17 searched search VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 92 18 newspaper newspaper NN cord-344713-jisp238l 92 19 records record NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 92 20 contained contain VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 92 21 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 92 22 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 92 23 Chronicling chronicle VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 92 24 America America NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 92 25 Newspaper Newspaper NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 92 26 Archive Archive NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 92 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 92 28 Library Library NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 92 29 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 92 30 Congress Congress NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 92 31 2020 2020 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 92 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 92 33 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 93 1 Cities city NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 93 2 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 93 3 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 93 4 most most RBS cord-344713-jisp238l 93 5 heavily heavily RB cord-344713-jisp238l 93 6 affected affect VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 93 7 areas area NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 93 8 are be VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 93 9 most most RBS cord-344713-jisp238l 93 10 frequently frequently RB cord-344713-jisp238l 93 11 mentioned mention VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 93 12 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 93 13 but but CC cord-344713-jisp238l 93 14 newspaper newspaper NN cord-344713-jisp238l 93 15 accounts account NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 93 16 demonstrate demonstrate VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 93 17 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 93 18 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 93 19 closures closure NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 93 20 tended tend VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 93 21 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 93 22 occur occur VB cord-344713-jisp238l 93 23 wherever wherever WRB cord-344713-jisp238l 93 24 an an DT cord-344713-jisp238l 93 25 area area NN cord-344713-jisp238l 93 26 experienced experience VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 93 27 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 93 28 breakout breakout NN cord-344713-jisp238l 93 29 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 93 30 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 93 31 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 94 1 The the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 94 2 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 94 3 started start VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 94 4 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 94 5 June June NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 94 6 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 94 7 accelerated accelerate VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 94 8 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 94 9 July July NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 94 10 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 94 11 persisted persist VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 94 12 through through IN cord-344713-jisp238l 94 13 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 94 14 start start NN cord-344713-jisp238l 94 15 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 94 16 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 94 17 academic academic JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 94 18 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 94 19 year year NN cord-344713-jisp238l 94 20 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 95 1 These these DT cord-344713-jisp238l 95 2 data datum NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 95 3 most most RBS cord-344713-jisp238l 95 4 likely likely RB cord-344713-jisp238l 95 5 represent represent VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 95 6 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 95 7 subset subset NN cord-344713-jisp238l 95 8 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 95 9 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 95 10 closures closure NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 95 11 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 95 12 since since IN cord-344713-jisp238l 95 13 not not RB cord-344713-jisp238l 95 14 all all DT cord-344713-jisp238l 95 15 newspapers newspaper NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 95 16 are be VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 95 17 covered cover VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 95 18 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 95 19 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 95 20 Library Library NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 95 21 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 95 22 Congress Congress NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 95 23 archive archive NN cord-344713-jisp238l 95 24 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 96 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-344713-jisp238l 96 2 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 96 3 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 96 4 search search NN cord-344713-jisp238l 96 5 procedure procedure NN cord-344713-jisp238l 96 6 may may MD cord-344713-jisp238l 96 7 have have VB cord-344713-jisp238l 96 8 failed fail VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 96 9 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 96 10 reveal reveal VB cord-344713-jisp238l 96 11 all all DT cord-344713-jisp238l 96 12 closures closure NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 96 13 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 97 1 10 10 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 97 2 Many many JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 97 3 newspapers newspaper NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 97 4 referred refer VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 97 5 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 97 6 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 97 7 closures closure NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 97 8 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 97 9 different different JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 97 10 cities city NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 97 11 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 97 12 or or CC cord-344713-jisp238l 97 13 even even RB cord-344713-jisp238l 97 14 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 97 15 major major JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 97 16 cities city NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 97 17 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 97 18 other other JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 97 19 states state NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 97 20 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 98 1 Although although IN cord-344713-jisp238l 98 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 98 3 found find VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 98 4 some some DT cord-344713-jisp238l 98 5 articles article NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 98 6 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 98 7 which which WDT cord-344713-jisp238l 98 8 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 98 9 city city NN cord-344713-jisp238l 98 10 expressly expressly RB cord-344713-jisp238l 98 11 stated state VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 98 12 schools school NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 98 13 would would MD cord-344713-jisp238l 98 14 remain remain VB cord-344713-jisp238l 98 15 open open JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 98 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 98 17 including include VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 98 18 Chicago Chicago NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 98 19 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 98 20 Detroit Detroit NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 98 21 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 98 22 Milwaukee Milwaukee NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 98 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 98 24 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 98 25 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 98 26 most most JJS cord-344713-jisp238l 98 27 cities city NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 98 28 we -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 98 29 could could MD cord-344713-jisp238l 98 30 not not RB cord-344713-jisp238l 98 31 ascertain ascertain VB cord-344713-jisp238l 98 32 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 98 33 certainty certainty NN cord-344713-jisp238l 98 34 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 98 35 they -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 98 36 did do VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 98 37 not not RB cord-344713-jisp238l 98 38 close close VB cord-344713-jisp238l 98 39 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 99 1 In in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 99 2 Fig Fig NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 99 3 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 100 1 1 1 LS cord-344713-jisp238l 100 2 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 100 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 100 4 plot plot VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 100 5 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 100 6 frequency frequency NN cord-344713-jisp238l 100 7 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 100 8 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 100 9 delay delay NN cord-344713-jisp238l 100 10 announcements announcement NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 100 11 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 100 12 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 100 13 Chronicling Chronicling NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 100 14 America America NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 100 15 Newspaper Newspaper NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 100 16 Archive Archive NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 100 17 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 100 18 all all DT cord-344713-jisp238l 100 19 newspapers newspaper NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 100 20 from from IN cord-344713-jisp238l 100 21 July July NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 100 22 1 1 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 100 23 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 100 24 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 100 25 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 100 26 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 100 27 November November NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 100 28 1 1 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 100 29 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 100 30 10 10 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 101 1 The the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 101 2 search search NN cord-344713-jisp238l 101 3 used use VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 101 4 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 101 5 entire entire JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 101 6 Chronicling Chronicling NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 101 7 America America NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 101 8 Newspaper Newspaper NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 101 9 Archive Archive NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 101 10 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 101 11 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 101 12 USA USA NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 101 13 during during IN cord-344713-jisp238l 101 14 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 101 15 active active JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 101 16 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 101 17 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 102 1 The the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 102 2 search search NN cord-344713-jisp238l 102 3 required require VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 102 4 either either CC cord-344713-jisp238l 102 5 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 102 6 word(s word(s NN cord-344713-jisp238l 102 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 103 1 " " `` cord-344713-jisp238l 103 2 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 103 3 " " '' cord-344713-jisp238l 103 4 or or CC cord-344713-jisp238l 103 5 " " `` cord-344713-jisp238l 103 6 poliomyelitis poliomyelitis NN cord-344713-jisp238l 103 7 " " '' cord-344713-jisp238l 103 8 or or CC cord-344713-jisp238l 103 9 " " `` cord-344713-jisp238l 103 10 infantile infantile JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 103 11 " " '' cord-344713-jisp238l 103 12 or or CC cord-344713-jisp238l 103 13 " " `` cord-344713-jisp238l 103 14 paralysis paralysis NN cord-344713-jisp238l 103 15 " " '' cord-344713-jisp238l 103 16 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 103 17 be be VB cord-344713-jisp238l 103 18 referenced reference VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 103 19 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 103 20 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 103 21 same same JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 103 22 page page NN cord-344713-jisp238l 103 23 as as IN cord-344713-jisp238l 103 24 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 103 25 words word NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 103 26 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 103 27 " " `` cord-344713-jisp238l 103 28 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 103 29 " " '' cord-344713-jisp238l 103 30 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 103 31 " " `` cord-344713-jisp238l 103 32 postpone postpone VB cord-344713-jisp238l 103 33 " " '' cord-344713-jisp238l 103 34 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 104 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 104 2 allowed allow VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 104 3 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 104 4 words word NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 104 5 " " `` cord-344713-jisp238l 104 6 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 104 7 " " '' cord-344713-jisp238l 104 8 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 104 9 " " `` cord-344713-jisp238l 104 10 postpone postpone VB cord-344713-jisp238l 104 11 " " '' cord-344713-jisp238l 104 12 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 104 13 be be VB cord-344713-jisp238l 104 14 within within IN cord-344713-jisp238l 104 15 five five CD cord-344713-jisp238l 104 16 words word NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 104 17 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 104 18 each each DT cord-344713-jisp238l 104 19 other other JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 104 20 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 105 1 Many many JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 105 2 articles article NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 105 3 even even RB cord-344713-jisp238l 105 4 referred refer VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 105 5 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 105 6 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 105 7 disease disease NN cord-344713-jisp238l 105 8 as as IN cord-344713-jisp238l 105 9 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 105 10 " " `` cord-344713-jisp238l 105 11 baby baby NN cord-344713-jisp238l 105 12 plague plague NN cord-344713-jisp238l 105 13 " " '' cord-344713-jisp238l 105 14 or or CC cord-344713-jisp238l 105 15 " " `` cord-344713-jisp238l 105 16 plague plague NN cord-344713-jisp238l 105 17 " " '' cord-344713-jisp238l 105 18 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 106 1 Searches search NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 106 2 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 106 3 " " `` cord-344713-jisp238l 106 4 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 106 5 closures closure NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 106 6 " " '' cord-344713-jisp238l 106 7 also also RB cord-344713-jisp238l 106 8 yielded yield VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 106 9 similar similar JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 106 10 results result NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 106 11 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 106 12 but but CC cord-344713-jisp238l 106 13 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 106 14 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 106 15 flatter flat JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 106 16 distribution distribution NN cord-344713-jisp238l 106 17 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 106 18 wider wide JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 106 19 tails tail NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 106 20 because because IN cord-344713-jisp238l 106 21 they -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 106 22 often often RB cord-344713-jisp238l 106 23 referred refer VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 106 24 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 106 25 Sunday Sunday NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 106 26 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 106 27 closures closure NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 106 28 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 107 1 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 107 2 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 108 1 School school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 108 2 postponement postponement NN cord-344713-jisp238l 108 3 notifications notification NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 108 4 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 108 5 US US NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 108 6 newspapers newspaper NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 108 7 began begin VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 108 8 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 108 9 increase increase VB cord-344713-jisp238l 108 10 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 108 11 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 108 12 weeks week NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 108 13 preceding precede VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 108 14 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 108 15 start start NN cord-344713-jisp238l 108 16 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 108 17 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 108 18 academic academic JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 108 19 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 108 20 year year NN cord-344713-jisp238l 108 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 108 22 normally normally RB cord-344713-jisp238l 108 23 around around IN cord-344713-jisp238l 108 24 September September NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 108 25 5 5 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 108 26 or or CC cord-344713-jisp238l 108 27 September September NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 108 28 11 11 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 108 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 108 30 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 108 31 peaked peak VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 108 32 during during IN cord-344713-jisp238l 108 33 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 108 34 two two CD cord-344713-jisp238l 108 35 first first JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 108 36 weeks week NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 108 37 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 108 38 September September NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 108 39 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 108 40 gradually gradually RB cord-344713-jisp238l 108 41 decreased decrease VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 108 42 until until IN cord-344713-jisp238l 108 43 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 108 44 first first JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 108 45 week week NN cord-344713-jisp238l 108 46 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 108 47 October October NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 108 48 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 109 1 The the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 109 2 latest late JJS cord-344713-jisp238l 109 3 public public JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 109 4 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 109 5 start start NN cord-344713-jisp238l 109 6 date date NN cord-344713-jisp238l 109 7 we -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 109 8 observe observe VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 109 9 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 109 10 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 109 11 Chronicling chronicle VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 109 12 America America NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 109 13 Newspaper Newspaper NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 109 14 Archive Archive NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 109 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 109 16 Library Library NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 109 17 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 109 18 Congress Congress NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 109 19 2020 2020 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 109 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 109 21 was be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 109 22 October October NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 109 23 2 2 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 109 24 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 109 25 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 109 26 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 109 27 although although IN cord-344713-jisp238l 109 28 some some DT cord-344713-jisp238l 109 29 New New NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 109 30 England England NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 109 31 preparatory preparatory JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 109 32 schools school NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 109 33 advertised advertise VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 109 34 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 109 35 they -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 109 36 postponed postpone VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 109 37 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 109 38 start start NN cord-344713-jisp238l 109 39 dates date NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 109 40 into into IN cord-344713-jisp238l 109 41 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 109 42 middle middle NN cord-344713-jisp238l 109 43 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 109 44 October October NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 109 45 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 110 1 The the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 110 2 newspaper newspaper NN cord-344713-jisp238l 110 3 articles article NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 110 4 also also RB cord-344713-jisp238l 110 5 reveal reveal VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 110 6 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 110 7 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 110 8 persistence persistence NN cord-344713-jisp238l 110 9 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 110 10 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 110 11 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 110 12 caused cause VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 110 13 public public JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 110 14 health health NN cord-344713-jisp238l 110 15 officials official NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 110 16 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 110 17 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 110 18 boards board NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 110 19 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 110 20 repeatedly repeatedly RB cord-344713-jisp238l 110 21 push push VB cord-344713-jisp238l 110 22 back back RB cord-344713-jisp238l 110 23 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 110 24 start start NN cord-344713-jisp238l 110 25 dates date NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 110 26 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 111 1 Washington Washington NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 111 2 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 111 3 DC DC NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 111 4 initially initially RB cord-344713-jisp238l 111 5 planned plan VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 111 6 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 111 7 start start VB cord-344713-jisp238l 111 8 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 111 9 time time NN cord-344713-jisp238l 111 10 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 111 11 then then RB cord-344713-jisp238l 111 12 pushed push VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 111 13 back back RB cord-344713-jisp238l 111 14 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 111 15 start start NN cord-344713-jisp238l 111 16 two two CD cord-344713-jisp238l 111 17 weeks week NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 111 18 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 111 19 September September NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 111 20 25 25 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 111 21 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 111 22 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 111 23 then then RB cord-344713-jisp238l 111 24 finally finally RB cord-344713-jisp238l 111 25 postponed postpone VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 111 26 until until IN cord-344713-jisp238l 111 27 October October NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 111 28 2 2 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 111 29 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 112 1 Boston Boston NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 112 2 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 112 3 MA MA NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 112 4 did do VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 112 5 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 112 6 same same JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 112 7 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 113 1 The the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 113 2 entire entire JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 113 3 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 113 4 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 113 5 Pennsylvania Pennsylvania NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 113 6 also also RB cord-344713-jisp238l 113 7 postponed postpone VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 113 8 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 113 9 starts start VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 113 10 multiple multiple JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 113 11 times time NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 113 12 until until IN cord-344713-jisp238l 113 13 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 113 14 first first JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 113 15 week week NN cord-344713-jisp238l 113 16 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 113 17 October October NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 113 18 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 114 1 To to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 114 2 dig dig VB cord-344713-jisp238l 114 3 deeper deeply RBR cord-344713-jisp238l 114 4 into into IN cord-344713-jisp238l 114 5 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 114 6 relationship relationship NN cord-344713-jisp238l 114 7 between between IN cord-344713-jisp238l 114 8 city city NN cord-344713-jisp238l 114 9 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 114 10 level level NN cord-344713-jisp238l 114 11 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 114 12 closures closure NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 114 13 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 114 14 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 114 15 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 114 16 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 114 17 we -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 114 18 further further RB cord-344713-jisp238l 114 19 searched search VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 114 20 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 114 21 announcements announcement NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 114 22 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 114 23 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 114 24 closures closure NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 114 25 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 114 26 161 161 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 114 27 cities city NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 114 28 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 114 29 which which WDT cord-344713-jisp238l 114 30 we -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 114 31 have have VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 114 32 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 114 33 morbidity morbidity NN cord-344713-jisp238l 114 34 data datum NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 114 35 digitized digitize VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 114 36 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 114 37 Van Van NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 114 38 Panhuis Panhuis NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 114 39 et et NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 114 40 al al NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 114 41 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 115 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 115 2 2018 2018 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 115 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 115 4 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 116 1 These these DT cord-344713-jisp238l 116 2 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 116 3 cities city NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 116 4 that that WDT cord-344713-jisp238l 116 5 voluntarily voluntarily RB cord-344713-jisp238l 116 6 participated participate VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 116 7 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 116 8 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 116 9 disease disease NN cord-344713-jisp238l 116 10 reporting report VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 116 11 system system NN cord-344713-jisp238l 116 12 conducted conduct VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 116 13 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 116 14 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 116 15 US US NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 116 16 Public Public NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 116 17 Health Health NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 116 18 Service Service NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 116 19 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 116 20 which which WDT cord-344713-jisp238l 116 21 published publish VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 116 22 this this DT cord-344713-jisp238l 116 23 information information NN cord-344713-jisp238l 116 24 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 116 25 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 116 26 weekly weekly JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 116 27 bulletins bulletin NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 116 28 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 117 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 117 2 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 117 3 able able JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 117 4 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 117 5 find find VB cord-344713-jisp238l 117 6 newspaper newspaper NN cord-344713-jisp238l 117 7 accounts account NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 117 8 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 117 9 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 117 10 postponement postponement NN cord-344713-jisp238l 117 11 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 117 12 38 38 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 117 13 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 117 14 these these DT cord-344713-jisp238l 117 15 cities city NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 117 16 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 118 1 11 11 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 118 2 Table Table NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 118 3 10 10 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 118 4 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 118 5 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 118 6 appendix appendix NN cord-344713-jisp238l 118 7 provides provide VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 118 8 more more RBR cord-344713-jisp238l 118 9 detailed detailed JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 118 10 information information NN cord-344713-jisp238l 118 11 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 118 12 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 118 13 city city NN cord-344713-jisp238l 118 14 names name NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 118 15 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 118 16 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 118 17 dates date NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 118 18 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 118 19 postponement postponement NN cord-344713-jisp238l 118 20 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 118 21 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 118 22 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 118 23 name name NN cord-344713-jisp238l 118 24 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 118 25 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 118 26 newspaper newspaper NN cord-344713-jisp238l 118 27 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 118 28 which which WDT cord-344713-jisp238l 118 29 we -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 118 30 found find VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 118 31 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 118 32 information information NN cord-344713-jisp238l 118 33 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 119 1 Of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 119 2 these these DT cord-344713-jisp238l 119 3 38 38 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 119 4 cities city NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 119 5 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 119 6 84 84 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 119 7 % % NN cord-344713-jisp238l 119 8 opened open VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 119 9 over over IN cord-344713-jisp238l 119 10 2 2 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 119 11 weeks week NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 119 12 late late RB cord-344713-jisp238l 119 13 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 119 14 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 119 15 60.5 60.5 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 119 16 % % NN cord-344713-jisp238l 119 17 opening opening NN cord-344713-jisp238l 119 18 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 119 19 October October NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 119 20 2 2 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 119 21 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 119 22 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 119 23 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 120 1 Only only RB cord-344713-jisp238l 120 2 three three CD cord-344713-jisp238l 120 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 120 4 Chicago Chicago NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 120 5 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 120 6 Detroit Detroit NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 120 7 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 120 8 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 120 9 Milwaukee Milwaukee NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 120 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 120 11 opened open VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 120 12 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 120 13 time time NN cord-344713-jisp238l 120 14 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 121 1 Figure figure NN cord-344713-jisp238l 121 2 2 2 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 121 3 presents present VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 121 4 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 121 5 relationship relationship NN cord-344713-jisp238l 121 6 between between IN cord-344713-jisp238l 121 7 weekly weekly JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 121 8 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 121 9 morbidity morbidity NN cord-344713-jisp238l 121 10 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 121 11 these these DT cord-344713-jisp238l 121 12 38 38 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 121 13 cities city NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 121 14 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 121 15 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 121 16 timing timing NN cord-344713-jisp238l 121 17 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 121 18 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 121 19 postponements postponement NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 121 20 using use VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 121 21 data datum NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 121 22 from from IN cord-344713-jisp238l 121 23 Project Project NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 121 24 Tycho Tycho NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 121 25 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 122 1 12 12 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 123 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 123 2 highlight highlight VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 123 3 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 123 4 relationship relationship NN cord-344713-jisp238l 123 5 between between IN cord-344713-jisp238l 123 6 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 123 7 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 123 8 timing timing NN cord-344713-jisp238l 123 9 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 123 10 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 123 11 postponement postponement NN cord-344713-jisp238l 123 12 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 123 13 separating separate VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 123 14 this this DT cord-344713-jisp238l 123 15 information information NN cord-344713-jisp238l 123 16 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 123 17 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 123 18 timing timing NN cord-344713-jisp238l 123 19 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 123 20 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 123 21 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 123 22 starts start NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 123 23 : : : cord-344713-jisp238l 123 24 schools school NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 123 25 that that WDT cord-344713-jisp238l 123 26 started start VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 123 27 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 123 28 time time NN cord-344713-jisp238l 123 29 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 123 30 schools school NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 123 31 that that WDT cord-344713-jisp238l 123 32 delayed delay VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 123 33 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 123 34 start start NN cord-344713-jisp238l 123 35 dates date NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 123 36 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 123 37 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 123 38 later later JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 123 39 date date NN cord-344713-jisp238l 123 40 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 123 41 September September NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 123 42 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 123 43 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 123 44 schools school NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 123 45 that that WDT cord-344713-jisp238l 123 46 delayed delay VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 123 47 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 123 48 starts start NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 123 49 into into IN cord-344713-jisp238l 123 50 October October NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 123 51 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 124 1 A a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 124 2 mass mass NN cord-344713-jisp238l 124 3 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 124 4 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 124 5 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 124 6 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 124 7 August August NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 124 8 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 124 9 September September NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 124 10 coincided coincide VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 124 11 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 124 12 delayed delay VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 124 13 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 124 14 starts start NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 124 15 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 124 16 many many JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 124 17 affected affect VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 124 18 cities city NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 124 19 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 125 1 Polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 125 2 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 125 3 continued continue VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 125 4 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 125 5 these these DT cord-344713-jisp238l 125 6 cities city NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 125 7 throughout throughout IN cord-344713-jisp238l 125 8 October October NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 125 9 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 125 10 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 125 11 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 125 12 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 125 13 ended end VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 125 14 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 125 15 November November NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 125 16 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 126 1 In in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 126 2 Fig Fig NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 126 3 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 127 1 3 3 LS cord-344713-jisp238l 127 2 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 127 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 127 4 focus focus VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 127 5 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 127 6 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 127 7 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 127 8 subset subset NN cord-344713-jisp238l 127 9 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 127 10 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 127 11 reported report VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 127 12 data datum NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 127 13 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 127 14 cases case NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 127 15 under under IN cord-344713-jisp238l 127 16 100 100 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 127 17 per per IN cord-344713-jisp238l 127 18 week week NN cord-344713-jisp238l 127 19 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 128 1 For for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 128 2 many many JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 128 3 cities city NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 128 4 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 128 5 schools school NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 128 6 that that WDT cord-344713-jisp238l 128 7 opened open VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 128 8 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 128 9 October October NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 128 10 there there RB cord-344713-jisp238l 128 11 large large JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 128 12 numbers number NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 128 13 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 128 14 reported report VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 128 15 weekly weekly JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 128 16 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 128 17 cases case NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 128 18 throughout throughout IN cord-344713-jisp238l 128 19 September September NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 128 20 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 128 21 well well RB cord-344713-jisp238l 128 22 into into IN cord-344713-jisp238l 128 23 October October NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 128 24 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 129 1 Schools school NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 129 2 that that WDT cord-344713-jisp238l 129 3 postponed postpone VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 129 4 only only RB cord-344713-jisp238l 129 5 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 129 6 few few JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 129 7 weeks week NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 129 8 into into IN cord-344713-jisp238l 129 9 September September NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 129 10 generally generally RB cord-344713-jisp238l 129 11 had have VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 129 12 fewer few JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 129 13 reported report VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 129 14 cases case NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 129 15 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 129 16 acute acute JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 129 17 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 129 18 than than IN cord-344713-jisp238l 129 19 either either CC cord-344713-jisp238l 129 20 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 129 21 schools school NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 129 22 that that WDT cord-344713-jisp238l 129 23 started start VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 129 24 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 129 25 October October NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 129 26 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 130 1 In in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 130 2 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 130 3 few few JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 130 4 schools school NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 130 5 that that WDT cord-344713-jisp238l 130 6 we -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 130 7 confirmed confirm VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 130 8 opened open VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 130 9 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 130 10 time time NN cord-344713-jisp238l 130 11 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 130 12 most most JJS cord-344713-jisp238l 130 13 city city NN cord-344713-jisp238l 130 14 week week NN cord-344713-jisp238l 130 15 observations observation NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 130 16 report report VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 130 17 low low JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 130 18 numbers number NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 130 19 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 130 20 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 130 21 infections infection NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 130 22 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 131 1 The the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 131 2 exception exception NN cord-344713-jisp238l 131 3 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 131 4 this this DT cord-344713-jisp238l 131 5 pattern pattern NN cord-344713-jisp238l 131 6 is be VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 131 7 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 131 8 city city NN cord-344713-jisp238l 131 9 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 131 10 Chicago Chicago NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 131 11 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 131 12 which which WDT cord-344713-jisp238l 131 13 opened open VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 131 14 schools school NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 131 15 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 131 16 time time NN cord-344713-jisp238l 131 17 even even RB cord-344713-jisp238l 131 18 while while IN cord-344713-jisp238l 131 19 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 131 20 still still RB cord-344713-jisp238l 131 21 spread spread VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 131 22 throughout throughout IN cord-344713-jisp238l 131 23 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 131 24 community community NN cord-344713-jisp238l 131 25 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 132 1 There there EX cord-344713-jisp238l 132 2 is be VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 132 3 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 132 4 broad broad JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 132 5 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 132 6 well well RB cord-344713-jisp238l 132 7 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 132 8 documented document VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 132 9 literature literature NN cord-344713-jisp238l 132 10 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 132 11 economics economic NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 132 12 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 132 13 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 132 14 economic economic JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 132 15 history history NN cord-344713-jisp238l 132 16 about about IN cord-344713-jisp238l 132 17 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 132 18 impact impact NN cord-344713-jisp238l 132 19 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 132 20 early early JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 132 21 childhood childhood NN cord-344713-jisp238l 132 22 health health NN cord-344713-jisp238l 132 23 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 132 24 economic economic JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 132 25 shocks shock NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 132 26 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 132 27 later later JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 132 28 life life NN cord-344713-jisp238l 132 29 outcomes outcome NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 133 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 133 2 Almond Almond NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 133 3 et et FW cord-344713-jisp238l 133 4 al al NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 133 5 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 133 6 2018 2018 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 133 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 133 8 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 134 1 Within within IN cord-344713-jisp238l 134 2 this this DT cord-344713-jisp238l 134 3 literature literature NN cord-344713-jisp238l 134 4 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 134 5 there there EX cord-344713-jisp238l 134 6 are be VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 134 7 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 134 8 number number NN cord-344713-jisp238l 134 9 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 134 10 papers paper NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 134 11 that that WDT cord-344713-jisp238l 134 12 demonstrate demonstrate VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 134 13 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 134 14 long long RB cord-344713-jisp238l 134 15 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 134 16 run run NN cord-344713-jisp238l 134 17 consequences consequence NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 134 18 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 134 19 infectious infectious JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 134 20 disease disease NN cord-344713-jisp238l 134 21 shocks shock NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 134 22 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 134 23 childhood childhood NN cord-344713-jisp238l 134 24 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 135 1 Beach Beach NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 135 2 et et NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 135 3 al al NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 135 4 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 136 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 136 2 2016 2016 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 136 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 136 4 show show VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 136 5 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 136 6 reduced reduce VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 136 7 early early JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 136 8 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 136 9 life life NN cord-344713-jisp238l 136 10 exposure exposure NN cord-344713-jisp238l 136 11 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 136 12 typhoid typhoid NN cord-344713-jisp238l 136 13 improved improve VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 136 14 later later JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 136 15 life life NN cord-344713-jisp238l 136 16 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 136 17 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 136 18 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 136 19 perhaps perhaps RB cord-344713-jisp238l 136 20 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 136 21 improving improve VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 136 22 cognitive cognitive JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 136 23 functioning functioning NN cord-344713-jisp238l 136 24 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 137 1 13 13 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 137 2 Bhalotra Bhalotra NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 137 3 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 137 4 Venkataramani Venkataramani NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 137 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 137 6 2013 2013 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 137 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 137 8 also also RB cord-344713-jisp238l 137 9 find find VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 137 10 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 137 11 reduced reduce VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 137 12 infant infant NN cord-344713-jisp238l 137 13 exposure exposure NN cord-344713-jisp238l 137 14 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 137 15 waterborne waterborne JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 137 16 disease disease NN cord-344713-jisp238l 137 17 is be VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 137 18 associated associate VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 137 19 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 137 20 improved improved JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 137 21 test test NN cord-344713-jisp238l 137 22 scores score NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 137 23 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 137 24 girls girl NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 137 25 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 137 26 improved improve VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 137 27 heights height NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 137 28 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 137 29 boys boy NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 137 30 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 138 1 There there EX cord-344713-jisp238l 138 2 is be VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 138 3 also also RB cord-344713-jisp238l 138 4 evidence evidence NN cord-344713-jisp238l 138 5 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 138 6 individuals individual NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 138 7 who who WP cord-344713-jisp238l 138 8 do do VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 138 9 not not RB cord-344713-jisp238l 138 10 contract contract VB cord-344713-jisp238l 138 11 infectious infectious JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 138 12 diseases disease NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 138 13 during during IN cord-344713-jisp238l 138 14 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 138 15 can can MD cord-344713-jisp238l 138 16 also also RB cord-344713-jisp238l 138 17 be be VB cord-344713-jisp238l 138 18 affected affect VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 138 19 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 139 1 For for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 139 2 example example NN cord-344713-jisp238l 139 3 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 139 4 Parman Parman NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 139 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 139 6 2015 2015 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 139 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 139 8 examines examine VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 139 9 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 139 10 impact impact NN cord-344713-jisp238l 139 11 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 139 12 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 139 13 1918 1918 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 139 14 influenza influenza NN cord-344713-jisp238l 139 15 pandemic pandemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 139 16 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 139 17 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 139 18 siblings sibling NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 139 19 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 139 20 those those DT cord-344713-jisp238l 139 21 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 139 22 born bear VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 139 23 during during IN cord-344713-jisp238l 139 24 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 139 25 outbreak outbreak NN cord-344713-jisp238l 139 26 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 139 27 finds find VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 139 28 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 139 29 older old JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 139 30 siblings sibling NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 139 31 received receive VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 139 32 an an DT cord-344713-jisp238l 139 33 additional additional JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 139 34 three three CD cord-344713-jisp238l 139 35 months month NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 139 36 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 139 37 education education NN cord-344713-jisp238l 139 38 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 139 39 while while IN cord-344713-jisp238l 139 40 younger young JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 139 41 siblings sibling NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 139 42 received receive VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 139 43 slightly slightly RB cord-344713-jisp238l 139 44 less less JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 139 45 education education NN cord-344713-jisp238l 139 46 relative relative JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 139 47 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 139 48 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 139 49 who who WP cord-344713-jisp238l 139 50 did do VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 139 51 not not RB cord-344713-jisp238l 139 52 have have VB cord-344713-jisp238l 139 53 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 139 54 sibling sibling NN cord-344713-jisp238l 139 55 born bear VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 139 56 during during IN cord-344713-jisp238l 139 57 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 139 58 pandemic pandemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 139 59 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 140 1 To to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 140 2 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 140 3 knowledge knowledge NN cord-344713-jisp238l 140 4 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 140 5 no no DT cord-344713-jisp238l 140 6 one one NN cord-344713-jisp238l 140 7 has have VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 140 8 examined examine VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 140 9 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 140 10 case case NN cord-344713-jisp238l 140 11 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 140 12 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 140 13 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 140 14 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 140 15 USA USA NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 140 16 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 140 17 which which WDT cord-344713-jisp238l 140 18 is be VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 140 19 unique unique JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 140 20 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 140 21 that that DT cord-344713-jisp238l 140 22 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 140 23 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 140 24 may may MD cord-344713-jisp238l 140 25 have have VB cord-344713-jisp238l 140 26 been be VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 140 27 affected affect VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 140 28 even even RB cord-344713-jisp238l 140 29 despite despite IN cord-344713-jisp238l 140 30 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 140 31 fact fact NN cord-344713-jisp238l 140 32 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 140 33 relatively relatively RB cord-344713-jisp238l 140 34 small small JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 140 35 numbers number NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 140 36 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 140 37 people people NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 140 38 contracted contract VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 140 39 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 140 40 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 141 1 The the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 141 2 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 141 3 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 141 4 may may MD cord-344713-jisp238l 141 5 have have VB cord-344713-jisp238l 141 6 reduced reduce VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 141 7 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 141 8 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 141 9 through through IN cord-344713-jisp238l 141 10 two two CD cord-344713-jisp238l 141 11 channels channel NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 141 12 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 142 1 Children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 142 2 who who WP cord-344713-jisp238l 142 3 contracted contract VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 142 4 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 142 5 disease disease NN cord-344713-jisp238l 142 6 may may MD cord-344713-jisp238l 142 7 have have VB cord-344713-jisp238l 142 8 missed miss VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 142 9 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 142 10 while while IN cord-344713-jisp238l 142 11 ill ill JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 142 12 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 142 13 thus thus RB cord-344713-jisp238l 142 14 reducing reduce VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 142 15 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 142 16 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 142 17 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 142 18 although although IN cord-344713-jisp238l 142 19 this this DT cord-344713-jisp238l 142 20 might may MD cord-344713-jisp238l 142 21 depend depend VB cord-344713-jisp238l 142 22 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 142 23 whether whether IN cord-344713-jisp238l 142 24 they -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 142 25 contracted contract VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 142 26 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 142 27 mild mild JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 142 28 form form NN cord-344713-jisp238l 142 29 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 142 30 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 142 31 disease disease NN cord-344713-jisp238l 142 32 or or CC cord-344713-jisp238l 142 33 paralytic paralytic JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 142 34 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 142 35 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 143 1 Gensowski Gensowski NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 143 2 et et IN cord-344713-jisp238l 143 3 al al NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 143 4 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 144 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 144 2 2019 2019 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 144 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 144 4 find find VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 144 5 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 144 6 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 144 7 who who WP cord-344713-jisp238l 144 8 contracted contract VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 144 9 paralytic paralytic JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 144 10 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 144 11 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 144 12 Denmark Denmark NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 144 13 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 144 14 1952 1952 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 144 15 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 144 16 more more RBR cord-344713-jisp238l 144 17 likely likely JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 144 18 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 144 19 earn earn VB cord-344713-jisp238l 144 20 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 144 21 university university NN cord-344713-jisp238l 144 22 degree degree NN cord-344713-jisp238l 144 23 than than IN cord-344713-jisp238l 144 24 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 144 25 who who WP cord-344713-jisp238l 144 26 did do VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 144 27 not not RB cord-344713-jisp238l 144 28 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 144 29 suggesting suggest VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 144 30 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 144 31 these these DT cord-344713-jisp238l 144 32 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 144 33 shifted shift VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 144 34 investment investment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 144 35 into into IN cord-344713-jisp238l 144 36 education education NN cord-344713-jisp238l 144 37 as as IN cord-344713-jisp238l 144 38 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 144 39 comparative comparative JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 144 40 advantage advantage NN cord-344713-jisp238l 144 41 moved move VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 144 42 from from IN cord-344713-jisp238l 144 43 jobs job NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 144 44 requiring require VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 144 45 certain certain JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 144 46 physical physical JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 144 47 abilities ability NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 144 48 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 144 49 those those DT cord-344713-jisp238l 144 50 requiring require VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 144 51 more more JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 144 52 cognitive cognitive JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 144 53 skills skill NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 144 54 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 145 1 Other other JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 145 2 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 145 3 may may MD cord-344713-jisp238l 145 4 have have VB cord-344713-jisp238l 145 5 experienced experience VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 145 6 reduced reduce VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 145 7 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 145 8 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 145 9 if if IN cord-344713-jisp238l 145 10 they -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 145 11 missed miss VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 145 12 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 145 13 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 145 14 short short JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 145 15 periods period NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 145 16 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 145 17 time time NN cord-344713-jisp238l 145 18 due due JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 145 19 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 145 20 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 145 21 closures closure NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 145 22 or or CC cord-344713-jisp238l 145 23 avoidance avoidance NN cord-344713-jisp238l 145 24 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 145 25 or or CC cord-344713-jisp238l 145 26 if if IN cord-344713-jisp238l 145 27 they -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 145 28 delayed delay VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 145 29 entry entry NN cord-344713-jisp238l 145 30 into into IN cord-344713-jisp238l 145 31 formal formal JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 145 32 schooling schooling NN cord-344713-jisp238l 145 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 145 34 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 145 35 example example NN cord-344713-jisp238l 145 36 if if IN cord-344713-jisp238l 145 37 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 145 38 parents parent NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 145 39 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 145 40 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 145 41 wouldbe wouldbe NN cord-344713-jisp238l 145 42 kindergartner kindergartner NN cord-344713-jisp238l 145 43 decided decide VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 145 44 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 145 45 wait wait VB cord-344713-jisp238l 145 46 until until IN cord-344713-jisp238l 145 47 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 145 48 fall fall NN cord-344713-jisp238l 145 49 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 145 50 1917 1917 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 145 51 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 145 52 send send VB cord-344713-jisp238l 145 53 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 145 54 child child NN cord-344713-jisp238l 145 55 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 145 56 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 145 57 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 145 58 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 146 1 Younger young JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 146 2 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 146 3 who who WP cord-344713-jisp238l 146 4 have have VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 146 5 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 146 6 schooling schooling NN cord-344713-jisp238l 146 7 disrupted disrupt VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 146 8 even even RB cord-344713-jisp238l 146 9 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 146 10 short short JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 146 11 periods period NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 146 12 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 146 13 time time NN cord-344713-jisp238l 146 14 may may MD cord-344713-jisp238l 146 15 suffer suffer VB cord-344713-jisp238l 146 16 negative negative JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 146 17 effects effect NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 146 18 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 147 1 For for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 147 2 example example NN cord-344713-jisp238l 147 3 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 147 4 Marcotte Marcotte NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 147 5 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 147 6 Hemelt Hemelt NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 147 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 147 8 2008 2008 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 147 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 147 10 find find VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 147 11 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 147 12 unscheduled unscheduled JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 147 13 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 147 14 closings closing NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 147 15 due due JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 147 16 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 147 17 weather weather NN cord-344713-jisp238l 147 18 negatively negatively RB cord-344713-jisp238l 147 19 affect affect VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 147 20 student student NN cord-344713-jisp238l 147 21 performance performance NN cord-344713-jisp238l 147 22 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 147 23 third third JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 147 24 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 147 25 grade grade NN cord-344713-jisp238l 147 26 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 147 27 assessment assessment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 147 28 examinations examination NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 147 29 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 148 1 Middle middle JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 148 2 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 148 3 grade grade NN cord-344713-jisp238l 148 4 students student NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 148 5 may may MD cord-344713-jisp238l 148 6 have have VB cord-344713-jisp238l 148 7 lower low JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 148 8 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 148 9 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 148 10 if if IN cord-344713-jisp238l 148 11 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 148 12 learning learning NN cord-344713-jisp238l 148 13 is be VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 148 14 disrupted disrupt VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 148 15 during during IN cord-344713-jisp238l 148 16 key key JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 148 17 periods period NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 148 18 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 148 19 development development NN cord-344713-jisp238l 148 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 148 21 Lloyd Lloyd NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 148 22 1978 1978 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 148 23 ; ; : cord-344713-jisp238l 148 24 Hernandez Hernandez NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 148 25 2011 2011 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 148 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 148 27 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 149 1 Whether whether IN cord-344713-jisp238l 149 2 these these DT cord-344713-jisp238l 149 3 effects effect NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 149 4 persist persist VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 149 5 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 149 6 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 149 7 long long JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 149 8 run run NN cord-344713-jisp238l 149 9 is be VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 149 10 less less RBR cord-344713-jisp238l 149 11 clear clear JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 149 12 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 150 1 Card card NN cord-344713-jisp238l 150 2 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 150 3 Krueger Krueger NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 150 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 150 5 1992 1992 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 150 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 150 7 find find VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 150 8 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 150 9 men man NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 150 10 educated educate VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 150 11 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 150 12 states state NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 150 13 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 150 14 higher high JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 150 15 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 150 16 quality quality NN cord-344713-jisp238l 150 17 schools school NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 150 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 150 19 measured measure VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 150 20 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 150 21 term term NN cord-344713-jisp238l 150 22 length length NN cord-344713-jisp238l 150 23 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 150 24 student student NN cord-344713-jisp238l 150 25 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 150 26 teacher teacher NN cord-344713-jisp238l 150 27 ratio ratio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 150 28 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 150 29 teacher teacher NN cord-344713-jisp238l 150 30 wage wage NN cord-344713-jisp238l 150 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 150 32 have have VB cord-344713-jisp238l 150 33 higher high JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 150 34 returns return NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 150 35 from from IN cord-344713-jisp238l 150 36 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 150 37 schooling schooling NN cord-344713-jisp238l 150 38 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 151 1 Pischke Pischke NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 151 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 151 3 2007 2007 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 151 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 151 5 uses use VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 151 6 data datum NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 151 7 from from IN cord-344713-jisp238l 151 8 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 151 9 German german JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 151 10 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 151 11 district district NN cord-344713-jisp238l 151 12 that that WDT cord-344713-jisp238l 151 13 had have VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 151 14 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 151 15 one one CD cord-344713-jisp238l 151 16 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 151 17 time time NN cord-344713-jisp238l 151 18 shortening shortening NN cord-344713-jisp238l 151 19 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 151 20 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 151 21 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 151 22 year year NN cord-344713-jisp238l 151 23 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 151 24 finds find VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 151 25 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 151 26 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 151 27 short short JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 151 28 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 151 29 year year NN cord-344713-jisp238l 151 30 had have VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 151 31 no no DT cord-344713-jisp238l 151 32 negative negative JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 151 33 effect effect NN cord-344713-jisp238l 151 34 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 151 35 earnings earning NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 151 36 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 151 37 employment employment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 151 38 later later RB cord-344713-jisp238l 151 39 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 151 40 life life NN cord-344713-jisp238l 151 41 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 151 42 although although IN cord-344713-jisp238l 151 43 it -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 151 44 did do VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 151 45 lead lead VB cord-344713-jisp238l 151 46 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 151 47 more more JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 151 48 students student NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 151 49 repeating repeat VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 151 50 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 151 51 grade grade NN cord-344713-jisp238l 151 52 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 151 53 fewer few JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 151 54 students student NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 151 55 entering enter VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 151 56 higher high JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 151 57 secondary secondary JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 151 58 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 151 59 tracks track NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 151 60 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 152 1 Other other JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 152 2 research research NN cord-344713-jisp238l 152 3 does do VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 152 4 suggest suggest VB cord-344713-jisp238l 152 5 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 152 6 interruptions interruption NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 152 7 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 152 8 schooling schooling NN cord-344713-jisp238l 152 9 at at IN cord-344713-jisp238l 152 10 crucial crucial JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 152 11 points point NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 152 12 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 152 13 development development NN cord-344713-jisp238l 152 14 may may MD cord-344713-jisp238l 152 15 have have VB cord-344713-jisp238l 152 16 long long JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 152 17 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 152 18 run run NN cord-344713-jisp238l 152 19 impacts impact NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 152 20 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 153 1 Hernandez Hernandez NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 153 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 153 3 2011 2011 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 153 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 153 5 suggests suggest VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 153 6 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 153 7 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 153 8 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 153 9 third third JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 153 10 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 153 11 grade grade NN cord-344713-jisp238l 153 12 experience experience NN cord-344713-jisp238l 153 13 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 153 14 pedagogical pedagogical JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 153 15 shift shift NN cord-344713-jisp238l 153 16 from from IN cord-344713-jisp238l 153 17 " " `` cord-344713-jisp238l 153 18 learning learn VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 153 19 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 153 20 read read VB cord-344713-jisp238l 153 21 " " `` cord-344713-jisp238l 153 22 toward toward IN cord-344713-jisp238l 153 23 " " `` cord-344713-jisp238l 153 24 reading read VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 153 25 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 153 26 learn learn VB cord-344713-jisp238l 153 27 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 154 1 " " '' cord-344713-jisp238l 155 1 A a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 155 2 failure failure NN cord-344713-jisp238l 155 3 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 155 4 develop develop VB cord-344713-jisp238l 155 5 this this DT cord-344713-jisp238l 155 6 proficiency proficiency NN cord-344713-jisp238l 155 7 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 155 8 reading read VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 155 9 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 155 10 time time NN cord-344713-jisp238l 155 11 appears appear VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 155 12 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 155 13 inhibit inhibit VB cord-344713-jisp238l 155 14 human human JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 155 15 capital capital NN cord-344713-jisp238l 155 16 accumulation accumulation NN cord-344713-jisp238l 155 17 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 155 18 students student NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 155 19 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 155 20 limits limit VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 155 21 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 155 22 potential potential NN cord-344713-jisp238l 155 23 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 155 24 keep keep VB cord-344713-jisp238l 155 25 pace pace NN cord-344713-jisp238l 155 26 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 155 27 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 155 28 peers peer NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 155 29 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 156 1 Lloyd Lloyd NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 156 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 156 3 1978 1978 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 156 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 156 5 suggests suggest VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 156 6 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 156 7 students student NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 156 8 who who WP cord-344713-jisp238l 156 9 perform perform VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 156 10 at at IN cord-344713-jisp238l 156 11 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 156 12 lower low JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 156 13 level level NN cord-344713-jisp238l 156 14 than than IN cord-344713-jisp238l 156 15 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 156 16 peers peer NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 156 17 may may MD cord-344713-jisp238l 156 18 be be VB cord-344713-jisp238l 156 19 more more RBR cord-344713-jisp238l 156 20 likely likely JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 156 21 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 156 22 drop drop VB cord-344713-jisp238l 156 23 out out IN cord-344713-jisp238l 156 24 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 156 25 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 156 26 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 156 27 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 156 28 third third JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 156 29 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 156 30 grade grade NN cord-344713-jisp238l 156 31 academic academic JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 156 32 performance performance NN cord-344713-jisp238l 156 33 accurately accurately RB cord-344713-jisp238l 156 34 predicting predict VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 156 35 whether whether IN cord-344713-jisp238l 156 36 an an DT cord-344713-jisp238l 156 37 individual individual NN cord-344713-jisp238l 156 38 would would MD cord-344713-jisp238l 156 39 drop drop VB cord-344713-jisp238l 156 40 out out IN cord-344713-jisp238l 156 41 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 156 42 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 156 43 nearly nearly RB cord-344713-jisp238l 156 44 70 70 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 156 45 % % NN cord-344713-jisp238l 156 46 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 156 47 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 156 48 time time NN cord-344713-jisp238l 156 49 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 157 1 14 14 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 158 1 In in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 158 2 addition addition NN cord-344713-jisp238l 158 3 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 158 4 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 158 5 effect effect NN cord-344713-jisp238l 158 6 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 158 7 younger young JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 158 8 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 158 9 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 158 10 missing miss VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 158 11 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 158 12 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 158 13 prolonged prolonged JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 158 14 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 158 15 closures closure NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 158 16 may may MD cord-344713-jisp238l 158 17 have have VB cord-344713-jisp238l 158 18 caused cause VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 158 19 older old JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 158 20 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 158 21 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 158 22 legal legal JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 158 23 working work VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 158 24 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 158 25 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 158 26 exit exit VB cord-344713-jisp238l 158 27 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 158 28 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 158 29 enter enter VB cord-344713-jisp238l 158 30 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 158 31 labor labor NN cord-344713-jisp238l 158 32 force force NN cord-344713-jisp238l 158 33 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 159 1 A a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 159 2 sizable sizable JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 159 3 literature literature NN cord-344713-jisp238l 159 4 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 159 5 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 159 6 effects effect NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 159 7 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 159 8 compulsory compulsory JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 159 9 schooling schooling NN cord-344713-jisp238l 159 10 laws law NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 159 11 suggests suggest VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 159 12 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 159 13 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 159 14 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 159 15 is be VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 159 16 affected affect VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 159 17 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 159 18 increases increase NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 159 19 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 159 20 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 159 21 legal legal JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 159 22 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 159 23 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 159 24 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 159 25 exit exit NN cord-344713-jisp238l 159 26 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 159 27 increases increase NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 159 28 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 159 29 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 159 30 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 159 31 at at IN cord-344713-jisp238l 159 32 which which WDT cord-344713-jisp238l 159 33 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 159 34 can can MD cord-344713-jisp238l 159 35 legally legally RB cord-344713-jisp238l 159 36 work work VB cord-344713-jisp238l 159 37 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 159 38 decreases decrease NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 159 39 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 159 40 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 159 41 maximum maximum JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 159 42 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 159 43 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 159 44 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 159 45 entrance entrance NN cord-344713-jisp238l 159 46 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 160 1 15 15 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 161 1 In in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 161 2 1910 1910 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 161 3 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 161 4 22 22 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 161 5 states state NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 161 6 had have VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 161 7 legislated legislate VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 161 8 14 14 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 161 9 as as IN cord-344713-jisp238l 161 10 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 161 11 minimum minimum JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 161 12 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 161 13 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 161 14 employment employment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 161 15 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 161 16 manufacturing manufacturing NN cord-344713-jisp238l 161 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 161 18 Moehling Moehling NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 161 19 1999 1999 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 161 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 161 21 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 162 1 16 16 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 162 2 Around around IN cord-344713-jisp238l 162 3 16.8 16.8 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 162 4 % % NN cord-344713-jisp238l 162 5 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 162 6 males male NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 162 7 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 162 8 5.8 5.8 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 162 9 % % NN cord-344713-jisp238l 162 10 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 162 11 females female NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 162 12 between between IN cord-344713-jisp238l 162 13 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 162 14 ages age NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 162 15 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 162 16 10 10 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 162 17 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 162 18 15 15 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 162 19 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 162 20 active active JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 162 21 participants participant NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 162 22 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 162 23 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 162 24 workforce workforce NN cord-344713-jisp238l 162 25 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 162 26 1920 1920 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 162 27 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 162 28 suggesting suggest VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 162 29 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 162 30 many many JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 162 31 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 162 32 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 162 33 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 162 34 individuals individual NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 162 35 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 162 36 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 162 37 would would MD cord-344713-jisp238l 162 38 have have VB cord-344713-jisp238l 162 39 possessed possess VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 162 40 workforce workforce NN cord-344713-jisp238l 162 41 alternatives alternative NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 162 42 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 162 43 education education NN cord-344713-jisp238l 162 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 162 45 Carter Carter NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 162 46 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 162 47 Sutch Sutch NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 162 48 1996 1996 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 162 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 162 50 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 163 1 Together together RB cord-344713-jisp238l 163 2 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 163 3 this this DT cord-344713-jisp238l 163 4 evidence evidence NN cord-344713-jisp238l 163 5 implies imply VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 163 6 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 163 7 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 163 8 notably notably RB cord-344713-jisp238l 163 9 large large JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 163 10 portion portion NN cord-344713-jisp238l 163 11 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 163 12 youth youth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 163 13 ages age NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 163 14 14 14 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 163 15 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 163 16 older old JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 163 17 had have VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 163 18 viable viable JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 163 19 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 163 20 legal legal JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 163 21 employment employment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 163 22 alternatives alternative NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 163 23 available available JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 163 24 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 163 25 them -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 163 26 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 163 27 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 163 28 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 164 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-344713-jisp238l 164 2 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 164 3 if if IN cord-344713-jisp238l 164 4 worried worried JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 164 5 parents parent NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 164 6 delayed delay VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 164 7 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 164 8 youngest young JJS cord-344713-jisp238l 164 9 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 164 10 's 's POS cord-344713-jisp238l 164 11 entry entry NN cord-344713-jisp238l 164 12 into into IN cord-344713-jisp238l 164 13 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 164 14 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 164 15 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 164 16 year year NN cord-344713-jisp238l 164 17 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 164 18 research research NN cord-344713-jisp238l 164 19 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 164 20 Deming Deming NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 164 21 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 164 22 Dynarski Dynarski NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 164 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 164 24 2008 2008 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 164 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 164 26 suggests suggest VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 164 27 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 164 28 these these DT cord-344713-jisp238l 164 29 " " `` cord-344713-jisp238l 164 30 redshirted redshirted JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 164 31 " " '' cord-344713-jisp238l 164 32 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 164 33 may may MD cord-344713-jisp238l 164 34 have have VB cord-344713-jisp238l 164 35 less less JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 164 36 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 164 37 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 164 38 than than IN cord-344713-jisp238l 164 39 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 164 40 non non JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 164 41 - - JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 164 42 redshirted redshirte VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 164 43 peers peer NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 164 44 since since IN cord-344713-jisp238l 164 45 they -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 164 46 reached reach VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 164 47 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 164 48 legal legal JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 164 49 working working NN cord-344713-jisp238l 164 50 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 164 51 having have VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 164 52 acquired acquire VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 164 53 fewer few JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 164 54 years year NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 164 55 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 164 56 formal formal JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 164 57 schooling schooling NN cord-344713-jisp238l 164 58 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 165 1 Using use VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 165 2 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 165 3 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 165 4 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 165 5 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 165 6 as as IN cord-344713-jisp238l 165 7 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 165 8 natural natural JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 165 9 experiment experiment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 165 10 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 165 11 this this DT cord-344713-jisp238l 165 12 paper paper NN cord-344713-jisp238l 165 13 examines examine VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 165 14 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 165 15 effect effect NN cord-344713-jisp238l 165 16 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 165 17 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 165 18 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 165 19 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 165 20 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 165 21 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 165 22 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 165 23 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 165 24 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 166 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 166 2 primary primary JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 166 3 identification identification NN cord-344713-jisp238l 166 4 strategy strategy NN cord-344713-jisp238l 166 5 relies rely VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 166 6 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 166 7 interacting interact VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 166 8 different different JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 166 9 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 166 10 cohorts cohort NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 166 11 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 166 12 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 166 13 morbidity morbidity NN cord-344713-jisp238l 166 14 rates rate NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 166 15 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 166 16 an an DT cord-344713-jisp238l 166 17 individual individual NN cord-344713-jisp238l 166 18 's 's POS cord-344713-jisp238l 166 19 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 166 20 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 166 21 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 167 1 Data datum NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 167 2 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 167 3 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 167 4 morbidity morbidity NN cord-344713-jisp238l 167 5 at at IN cord-344713-jisp238l 167 6 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 167 7 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 167 8 level level NN cord-344713-jisp238l 167 9 come come VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 167 10 from from IN cord-344713-jisp238l 167 11 Lavinder Lavinder NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 167 12 et et NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 167 13 al al NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 167 14 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 168 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 168 2 1918 1918 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 168 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 168 4 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 168 5 who who WP cord-344713-jisp238l 168 6 provide provide VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 168 7 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 168 8 information information NN cord-344713-jisp238l 168 9 pertaining pertain VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 168 10 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 168 11 statelevel statelevel NN cord-344713-jisp238l 168 12 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 168 13 morbidity morbidity NN cord-344713-jisp238l 168 14 covering cover VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 168 15 most most JJS cord-344713-jisp238l 168 16 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 168 17 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 168 18 continental continental JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 168 19 USA USA NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 168 20 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 169 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 169 2 use use VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 169 3 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 169 4 data datum NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 169 5 from from IN cord-344713-jisp238l 169 6 Lavinder Lavinder NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 169 7 et et NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 169 8 al al NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 169 9 because because IN cord-344713-jisp238l 169 10 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 169 11 US US NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 169 12 Public Public NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 169 13 Health Health NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 169 14 Reports Reports NNPS cord-344713-jisp238l 169 15 do do VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 169 16 not not RB cord-344713-jisp238l 169 17 include include VB cord-344713-jisp238l 169 18 areas area NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 169 19 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 169 20 only only RB cord-344713-jisp238l 169 21 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 169 22 few few JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 169 23 cases case NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 169 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 169 25 US US NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 169 26 Surgeon Surgeon NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 169 27 General General NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 169 28 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 169 29 US US NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 169 30 Public Public NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 169 31 Health Health NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 169 32 Service Service NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 169 33 1917 1917 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 169 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 169 35 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 170 1 In in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 170 2 all all DT cord-344713-jisp238l 170 3 specifications specification NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 170 4 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 170 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 170 6 interact interact VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 170 7 data datum NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 170 8 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 170 9 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 170 10 morbidity morbidity NN cord-344713-jisp238l 170 11 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 170 12 dummy dummy JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 170 13 variables variable NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 170 14 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 170 15 an an DT cord-344713-jisp238l 170 16 individual individual NN cord-344713-jisp238l 170 17 's 's POS cord-344713-jisp238l 170 18 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 170 19 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 170 20 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 170 21 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 170 22 since since IN cord-344713-jisp238l 170 23 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 170 24 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 170 25 different different JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 170 26 ages age NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 170 27 may may MD cord-344713-jisp238l 170 28 have have VB cord-344713-jisp238l 170 29 been be VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 170 30 differently differently RB cord-344713-jisp238l 170 31 affected affect VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 170 32 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 170 33 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 170 34 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 171 1 Given give VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 171 2 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 171 3 nearly nearly RB cord-344713-jisp238l 171 4 90 90 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 171 5 % % NN cord-344713-jisp238l 171 6 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 171 7 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 171 8 infected infect VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 171 9 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 171 10 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 171 11 before before IN cord-344713-jisp238l 171 12 1919 1919 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 171 13 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 171 14 under under IN cord-344713-jisp238l 171 15 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 171 16 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 171 17 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 171 18 10 10 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 171 19 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 171 20 they -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 171 21 may may MD cord-344713-jisp238l 171 22 have have VB cord-344713-jisp238l 171 23 been be VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 171 24 more more RBR cord-344713-jisp238l 171 25 likely likely JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 171 26 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 171 27 experience experience VB cord-344713-jisp238l 171 28 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 171 29 effects effect NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 171 30 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 171 31 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 171 32 directly directly RB cord-344713-jisp238l 171 33 than than IN cord-344713-jisp238l 171 34 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 171 35 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 171 36 older old JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 171 37 ages age NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 172 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 172 2 Nathanson Nathanson NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 172 3 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 172 4 Kew Kew NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 172 5 2010 2010 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 172 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 172 7 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 173 1 On on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 173 2 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 173 3 other other JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 173 4 hand hand NN cord-344713-jisp238l 173 5 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 173 6 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 173 7 who who WP cord-344713-jisp238l 173 8 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 173 9 14 14 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 173 10 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 173 11 over over IN cord-344713-jisp238l 173 12 may may MD cord-344713-jisp238l 173 13 have have VB cord-344713-jisp238l 173 14 been be VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 173 15 more more RBR cord-344713-jisp238l 173 16 likely likely JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 173 17 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 173 18 leave leave VB cord-344713-jisp238l 173 19 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 173 20 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 173 21 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 173 22 workforce workforce NN cord-344713-jisp238l 173 23 than than IN cord-344713-jisp238l 173 24 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 173 25 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 173 26 younger young JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 173 27 ages age NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 173 28 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 174 1 A a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 174 2 priori priori FW cord-344713-jisp238l 174 3 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 174 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 174 5 expect expect VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 174 6 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 174 7 under under IN cord-344713-jisp238l 174 8 10 10 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 174 9 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 174 10 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 174 11 ages age NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 174 12 14 14 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 174 13 or or CC cord-344713-jisp238l 174 14 older old JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 174 15 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 174 16 have have VB cord-344713-jisp238l 174 17 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 174 18 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 174 19 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 174 20 impacted impact VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 174 21 at at IN cord-344713-jisp238l 174 22 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 174 23 greater great JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 174 24 rate rate NN cord-344713-jisp238l 174 25 than than IN cord-344713-jisp238l 174 26 those those DT cord-344713-jisp238l 174 27 between between IN cord-344713-jisp238l 174 28 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 174 29 ages age NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 174 30 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 174 31 11 11 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 174 32 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 174 33 13 13 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 174 34 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 175 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 175 2 use use VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 175 3 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 175 4 morbidity morbidity NN cord-344713-jisp238l 175 5 as as IN cord-344713-jisp238l 175 6 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 175 7 primary primary JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 175 8 data datum NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 175 9 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 175 10 two two CD cord-344713-jisp238l 175 11 reasons reason NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 175 12 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 176 1 First first RB cord-344713-jisp238l 176 2 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 176 3 complete complete JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 176 4 data datum NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 176 5 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 176 6 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 176 7 closures closure NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 176 8 are be VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 176 9 not not RB cord-344713-jisp238l 176 10 available available JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 176 11 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 176 12 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 176 13 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 176 14 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 176 15 level level NN cord-344713-jisp238l 176 16 data datum NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 176 17 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 176 18 attendance attendance NN cord-344713-jisp238l 176 19 is be VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 176 20 not not RB cord-344713-jisp238l 176 21 reported report VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 176 22 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 176 23 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 176 24 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 176 25 - - SYM cord-344713-jisp238l 176 26 17 17 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 176 27 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 176 28 year year NN cord-344713-jisp238l 176 29 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 177 1 17 17 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 177 2 Second Second NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 177 3 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 177 4 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 177 5 morbidity morbidity NN cord-344713-jisp238l 177 6 data datum NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 177 7 enable enable VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 177 8 us -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 177 9 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 177 10 capture capture VB cord-344713-jisp238l 177 11 both both CC cord-344713-jisp238l 177 12 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 177 13 direct direct JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 177 14 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 177 15 indirect indirect JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 177 16 impacts impact NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 177 17 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 177 18 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 177 19 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 177 20 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 177 21 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 178 1 Polio Polio NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 178 2 may may MD cord-344713-jisp238l 178 3 have have VB cord-344713-jisp238l 178 4 directly directly RB cord-344713-jisp238l 178 5 affected affect VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 178 6 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 178 7 attendance attendance NN cord-344713-jisp238l 178 8 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 178 9 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 178 10 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 178 11 who who WP cord-344713-jisp238l 178 12 contracted contract VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 178 13 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 178 14 disease disease NN cord-344713-jisp238l 178 15 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 179 1 Since since IN cord-344713-jisp238l 179 2 do do VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 179 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 179 4 not not RB cord-344713-jisp238l 179 5 have have VB cord-344713-jisp238l 179 6 information information NN cord-344713-jisp238l 179 7 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 179 8 whether whether IN cord-344713-jisp238l 179 9 specific specific JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 179 10 individuals individual NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 179 11 contracted contract VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 179 12 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 179 13 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 179 14 we -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 179 15 instead instead RB cord-344713-jisp238l 179 16 rely rely VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 179 17 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 179 18 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 179 19 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 179 20 case case NN cord-344713-jisp238l 179 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 179 22 notification notification NN cord-344713-jisp238l 179 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 179 24 rate rate NN cord-344713-jisp238l 179 25 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 179 26 an an DT cord-344713-jisp238l 179 27 individual individual NN cord-344713-jisp238l 179 28 's 's POS cord-344713-jisp238l 179 29 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 179 30 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 179 31 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 180 1 In in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 180 2 addition addition NN cord-344713-jisp238l 180 3 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 180 4 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 180 5 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 180 6 may may MD cord-344713-jisp238l 180 7 have have VB cord-344713-jisp238l 180 8 indirectly indirectly RB cord-344713-jisp238l 180 9 affected affect VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 180 10 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 180 11 who who WP cord-344713-jisp238l 180 12 missed miss VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 180 13 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 180 14 either either CC cord-344713-jisp238l 180 15 because because IN cord-344713-jisp238l 180 16 schools school NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 180 17 closed close VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 180 18 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 180 19 or or CC cord-344713-jisp238l 180 20 because because IN cord-344713-jisp238l 180 21 fearful fearful JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 180 22 parents parent NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 180 23 kept keep VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 180 24 them -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 180 25 at at IN cord-344713-jisp238l 180 26 home home NN cord-344713-jisp238l 180 27 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 181 1 Schools school NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 181 2 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 181 3 areas area NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 181 4 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 181 5 higher high JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 181 6 rates rate NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 181 7 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 181 8 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 181 9 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 181 10 more more RBR cord-344713-jisp238l 181 11 likely likely JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 181 12 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 181 13 close close VB cord-344713-jisp238l 181 14 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 181 15 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 181 16 parents parent NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 181 17 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 181 18 more more RBR cord-344713-jisp238l 181 19 reluctant reluctant JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 181 20 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 181 21 send send VB cord-344713-jisp238l 181 22 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 181 23 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 181 24 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 181 25 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 181 26 even even RB cord-344713-jisp238l 181 27 when when WRB cord-344713-jisp238l 181 28 schools school NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 181 29 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 181 30 open open JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 181 31 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 182 1 Relying rely VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 182 2 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 182 3 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 182 4 closure closure NN cord-344713-jisp238l 182 5 data datum NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 182 6 may may MD cord-344713-jisp238l 182 7 fail fail VB cord-344713-jisp238l 182 8 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 182 9 capture capture VB cord-344713-jisp238l 182 10 some some DT cord-344713-jisp238l 182 11 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 182 12 these these DT cord-344713-jisp238l 182 13 " " `` cord-344713-jisp238l 182 14 avoidance avoidance NN cord-344713-jisp238l 182 15 " " '' cord-344713-jisp238l 182 16 behaviors behavior NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 182 17 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 183 1 For for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 183 2 example example NN cord-344713-jisp238l 183 3 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 183 4 data datum NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 183 5 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 183 6 average average JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 183 7 daily daily JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 183 8 attendance attendance NN cord-344713-jisp238l 183 9 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 183 10 five five CD cord-344713-jisp238l 183 11 boroughs borough NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 183 12 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 183 13 New New NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 183 14 York York NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 183 15 City City NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 183 16 17 17 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 183 17 Prior Prior NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 183 18 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 183 19 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 183 20 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 183 21 information information NN cord-344713-jisp238l 183 22 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 183 23 enrollment enrollment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 183 24 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 183 25 attendance attendance NN cord-344713-jisp238l 183 26 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 183 27 length length NN cord-344713-jisp238l 183 28 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 183 29 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 183 30 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 183 31 year year NN cord-344713-jisp238l 183 32 was be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 183 33 reported report VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 183 34 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 183 35 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 183 36 Annual Annual NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 183 37 Report Report NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 183 38 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 183 39 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 183 40 US US NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 183 41 Commissioner Commissioner NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 183 42 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 183 43 Education Education NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 183 44 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 184 1 However however RB cord-344713-jisp238l 184 2 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 184 3 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 184 4 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 184 5 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 184 6 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 184 7 office office NN cord-344713-jisp238l 184 8 switched switch VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 184 9 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 184 10 reporting report VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 184 11 biennially biennially RB cord-344713-jisp238l 184 12 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 184 13 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 184 14 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 184 15 information information NN cord-344713-jisp238l 184 16 was be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 184 17 not not RB cord-344713-jisp238l 184 18 reported report VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 184 19 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 184 20 1916/17 1916/17 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 185 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 185 2 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 185 3 Bureau Bureau NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 185 4 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 185 5 Education Education NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 185 6 1917 1917 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 185 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 185 8 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 186 1 To to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 186 2 try try VB cord-344713-jisp238l 186 3 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 186 4 disentangle disentangle VB cord-344713-jisp238l 186 5 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 186 6 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 186 7 closure closure NN cord-344713-jisp238l 186 8 effect effect NN cord-344713-jisp238l 186 9 from from IN cord-344713-jisp238l 186 10 other other JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 186 11 effects effect NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 186 12 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 186 13 we -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 186 14 did do VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 186 15 run run VB cord-344713-jisp238l 186 16 regressions regression NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 186 17 using use VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 186 18 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 186 19 sample sample NN cord-344713-jisp238l 186 20 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 186 21 15 15 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 186 22 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 186 23 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 186 24 38 38 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 186 25 cities city NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 186 26 we -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 186 27 found find VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 186 28 specific specific JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 186 29 closure closure NN cord-344713-jisp238l 186 30 dates date NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 186 31 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 186 32 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 186 33 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 186 34 search search NN cord-344713-jisp238l 186 35 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 186 36 newspapers newspaper NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 186 37 that that WDT cord-344713-jisp238l 186 38 also also RB cord-344713-jisp238l 186 39 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 186 40 big big JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 186 41 enough enough RB cord-344713-jisp238l 186 42 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 186 43 be be VB cord-344713-jisp238l 186 44 listed list VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 186 45 as as IN cord-344713-jisp238l 186 46 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 186 47 place place NN cord-344713-jisp238l 186 48 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 186 49 residence residence NN cord-344713-jisp238l 186 50 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 186 51 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 186 52 1940 1940 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 186 53 census census NN cord-344713-jisp238l 186 54 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 187 1 While while IN cord-344713-jisp238l 187 2 statistically statistically RB cord-344713-jisp238l 187 3 significant significant JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 187 4 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 187 5 one one CD cord-344713-jisp238l 187 6 specification specification NN cord-344713-jisp238l 187 7 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 187 8 results result NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 187 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 187 10 available available JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 187 11 upon upon IN cord-344713-jisp238l 187 12 request request NN cord-344713-jisp238l 187 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 187 14 show show VB cord-344713-jisp238l 187 15 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 187 16 same same JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 187 17 general general JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 187 18 pattern pattern NN cord-344713-jisp238l 187 19 we -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 187 20 describe describe VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 187 21 below below RB cord-344713-jisp238l 187 22 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 188 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 188 2 available available JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 188 3 only only RB cord-344713-jisp238l 188 4 between between IN cord-344713-jisp238l 188 5 1911 1911 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 188 6 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 188 7 1917 1917 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 188 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 188 9 indicate indicate VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 188 10 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 188 11 average average JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 188 12 daily daily JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 188 13 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 188 14 attendance attendance NN cord-344713-jisp238l 188 15 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 188 16 New New NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 188 17 York York NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 188 18 City City NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 188 19 fell fall VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 188 20 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 188 21 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 188 22 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 188 23 - - SYM cord-344713-jisp238l 188 24 17 17 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 188 25 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 188 26 year year NN cord-344713-jisp238l 188 27 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 188 28 as as IN cord-344713-jisp238l 188 29 shown show VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 188 30 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 188 31 Fig Fig NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 188 32 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 189 1 4 4 LS cord-344713-jisp238l 189 2 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 190 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 190 2 measure measure VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 190 3 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 190 4 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 190 5 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 190 6 exposure exposure NN cord-344713-jisp238l 190 7 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 190 8 reported report VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 190 9 infections infection NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 190 10 at at IN cord-344713-jisp238l 190 11 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 190 12 statelevel statelevel NN cord-344713-jisp238l 190 13 so so IN cord-344713-jisp238l 190 14 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 190 15 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 190 16 main main JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 190 17 identifying identify VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 190 18 assumption assumption NN cord-344713-jisp238l 190 19 is be VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 190 20 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 190 21 people people NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 190 22 who who WP cord-344713-jisp238l 190 23 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 190 24 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 190 25 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 190 26 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 190 27 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 190 28 would would MD cord-344713-jisp238l 190 29 be be VB cord-344713-jisp238l 190 30 exposed expose VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 190 31 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 190 32 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 190 33 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 190 34 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 190 35 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 190 36 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 191 1 This this DT cord-344713-jisp238l 191 2 assumption assumption NN cord-344713-jisp238l 191 3 would would MD cord-344713-jisp238l 191 4 be be VB cord-344713-jisp238l 191 5 violated violate VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 191 6 if if IN cord-344713-jisp238l 191 7 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 191 8 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 191 9 adolescents adolescent NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 191 10 migrated migrate VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 191 11 between between IN cord-344713-jisp238l 191 12 states state NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 191 13 prior prior RB cord-344713-jisp238l 191 14 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 191 15 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 191 16 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 191 17 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 191 18 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 192 1 While while IN cord-344713-jisp238l 192 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 192 3 can can MD cord-344713-jisp238l 192 4 only only RB cord-344713-jisp238l 192 5 speculate speculate VB cord-344713-jisp238l 192 6 as as IN cord-344713-jisp238l 192 7 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 192 8 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 192 9 number number NN cord-344713-jisp238l 192 10 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 192 11 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 192 12 who who WP cord-344713-jisp238l 192 13 moved move VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 192 14 across across IN cord-344713-jisp238l 192 15 states state NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 192 16 during during IN cord-344713-jisp238l 192 17 childhood childhood NN cord-344713-jisp238l 192 18 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 192 19 we -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 192 20 do do VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 192 21 know know VB cord-344713-jisp238l 192 22 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 192 23 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 192 24 1940 1940 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 192 25 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 192 26 77 77 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 192 27 % % NN cord-344713-jisp238l 192 28 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 192 29 people people NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 192 30 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 192 31 residing reside VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 192 32 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 192 33 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 192 34 same same JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 192 35 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 192 36 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 192 37 which which WDT cord-344713-jisp238l 192 38 they -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 192 39 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 192 40 born bear VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 192 41 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 193 1 Further further RB cord-344713-jisp238l 193 2 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 193 3 migration migration NN cord-344713-jisp238l 193 4 would would MD cord-344713-jisp238l 193 5 bias bias VB cord-344713-jisp238l 193 6 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 193 7 treatment treatment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 193 8 effect effect NN cord-344713-jisp238l 193 9 toward toward IN cord-344713-jisp238l 193 10 zero zero CD cord-344713-jisp238l 193 11 if if IN cord-344713-jisp238l 193 12 migration migration NN cord-344713-jisp238l 193 13 prior prior RB cord-344713-jisp238l 193 14 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 193 15 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 193 16 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 193 17 was be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 193 18 not not RB cord-344713-jisp238l 193 19 systematically systematically RB cord-344713-jisp238l 193 20 correlated correlate VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 193 21 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 193 22 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 193 23 morbidity morbidity NN cord-344713-jisp238l 193 24 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 194 1 Using use VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 194 2 data datum NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 194 3 from from IN cord-344713-jisp238l 194 4 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 194 5 1920 1920 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 194 6 US US NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 194 7 Census Census NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 194 8 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 194 9 we -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 194 10 find find VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 194 11 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 194 12 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 194 13 difference difference NN cord-344713-jisp238l 194 14 between between IN cord-344713-jisp238l 194 15 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 194 16 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 194 17 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 194 18 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 194 19 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 194 20 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 194 21 residence residence NN cord-344713-jisp238l 194 22 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 194 23 1920 1920 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 194 24 is be VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 194 25 less less JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 194 26 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 194 27 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 194 28 concern concern NN cord-344713-jisp238l 194 29 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 194 30 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 194 31 assigning assign VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 194 32 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 194 33 virulence virulence NN cord-344713-jisp238l 194 34 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 194 35 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 194 36 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 194 37 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 194 38 is be VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 194 39 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 194 40 reasonable reasonable JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 194 41 proxy proxy NN cord-344713-jisp238l 194 42 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 194 43 exposure exposure NN cord-344713-jisp238l 194 44 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 194 45 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 194 46 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 194 47 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 194 48 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 195 1 In in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 195 2 Fig Fig NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 195 3 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 196 1 5 5 LS cord-344713-jisp238l 196 2 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 196 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 196 4 present present VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 196 5 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 196 6 share share NN cord-344713-jisp238l 196 7 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 196 8 persons person NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 196 9 who who WP cord-344713-jisp238l 196 10 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 196 11 not not RB cord-344713-jisp238l 196 12 observed observe VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 196 13 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 196 14 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 196 15 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 196 16 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 196 17 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 196 18 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 196 19 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 196 20 1920 1920 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 196 21 Decennial Decennial NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 196 22 Census Census NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 196 23 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 197 1 On on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 197 2 average average JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 197 3 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 197 4 84 84 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 197 5 % % NN cord-344713-jisp238l 197 6 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 197 7 people people NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 197 8 ages age NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 197 9 0 0 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 197 10 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 197 11 21 21 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 197 12 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 197 13 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 197 14 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 197 15 states state NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 197 16 that that WDT cord-344713-jisp238l 197 17 reported report VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 197 18 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 197 19 still still RB cord-344713-jisp238l 197 20 resided reside VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 197 21 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 197 22 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 197 23 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 197 24 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 197 25 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 197 26 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 198 1 To to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 198 2 test test VB cord-344713-jisp238l 198 3 whether whether IN cord-344713-jisp238l 198 4 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 198 5 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 198 6 influenced influence VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 198 7 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 198 8 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 198 9 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 198 10 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 198 11 exposed expose VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 198 12 cohorts cohort NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 198 13 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 198 14 we -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 198 15 match match VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 198 16 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 198 17 sample sample NN cord-344713-jisp238l 198 18 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 198 19 white white JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 198 20 males male NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 198 21 born bear VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 198 22 between between IN cord-344713-jisp238l 198 23 1895 1895 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 198 24 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 198 25 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 198 26 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 198 27 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 198 28 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 198 29 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 198 30 morbidity morbidity NN cord-344713-jisp238l 198 31 rate rate NN cord-344713-jisp238l 198 32 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 198 33 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 198 34 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 198 35 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 198 36 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 198 37 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 198 38 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 198 39 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 198 40 years year NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 198 41 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 198 42 education education NN cord-344713-jisp238l 198 43 they -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 198 44 report report VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 198 45 having have VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 198 46 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 198 47 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 198 48 1940 1940 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 198 49 US US NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 198 50 Census Census NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 198 51 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 198 52 Ruggles Ruggles NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 198 53 et et NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 198 54 al al NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 198 55 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 198 56 2019 2019 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 198 57 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 198 58 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 199 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 199 2 restrict restrict VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 199 3 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 199 4 sample sample NN cord-344713-jisp238l 199 5 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 199 6 males male NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 199 7 since since IN cord-344713-jisp238l 199 8 they -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 199 9 entered enter VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 199 10 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 199 11 workforce workforce NN cord-344713-jisp238l 199 12 as as IN cord-344713-jisp238l 199 13 permanent permanent JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 199 14 participants participant NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 199 15 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 200 1 18 18 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 201 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 201 2 also also RB cord-344713-jisp238l 201 3 exclude exclude VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 201 4 blacks black NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 201 5 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 201 6 since since IN cord-344713-jisp238l 201 7 Margo Margo NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 201 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 201 9 1986 1986 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 201 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 201 11 finds find VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 201 12 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 201 13 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 201 14 highest high JJS cord-344713-jisp238l 201 15 grade grade NN cord-344713-jisp238l 201 16 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 201 17 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 201 18 reported report VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 201 19 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 201 20 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 201 21 1940 1940 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 201 22 Census Census NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 201 23 does do VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 201 24 not not RB cord-344713-jisp238l 201 25 accurately accurately RB cord-344713-jisp238l 201 26 represent represent VB cord-344713-jisp238l 201 27 years year NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 201 28 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 201 29 schooling schooling NN cord-344713-jisp238l 201 30 received receive VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 201 31 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 201 32 African African NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 201 33 Americans Americans NNPS cord-344713-jisp238l 201 34 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 202 1 Table table NN cord-344713-jisp238l 202 2 2 2 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 202 3 reports report VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 202 4 summary summary NN cord-344713-jisp238l 202 5 statistics statistic NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 202 6 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 202 7 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 202 8 primary primary JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 202 9 sample sample NN cord-344713-jisp238l 202 10 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 203 1 Equation equation NN cord-344713-jisp238l 203 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 203 3 1 1 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 203 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 203 5 represents represent VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 203 6 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 203 7 reduced reduce VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 203 8 form form NN cord-344713-jisp238l 203 9 empirical empirical JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 203 10 regression regression NN cord-344713-jisp238l 203 11 used use VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 203 12 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 203 13 study study VB cord-344713-jisp238l 203 14 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 203 15 effects effect NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 203 16 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 203 17 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 203 18 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 203 19 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 203 20 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 203 21 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 203 22 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 203 23 : : : cord-344713-jisp238l 203 24 s s NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 203 25 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 203 26 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 203 27 denotes denotes NN cord-344713-jisp238l 203 28 years year NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 203 29 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 203 30 completed complete VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 203 31 education education NN cord-344713-jisp238l 203 32 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 203 33 individual individual JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 203 34 i i NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 203 35 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 203 36 born bear VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 203 37 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 203 38 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 203 39 b b NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 203 40 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 203 41 residing reside VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 203 42 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 203 43 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 203 44 s s NN cord-344713-jisp238l 203 45 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 203 46 1940 1940 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 203 47 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 203 48 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 203 49 born bear VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 203 50 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 203 51 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 203 52 year year NN cord-344713-jisp238l 203 53 cohort cohort NN cord-344713-jisp238l 203 54 a. a. NN cord-344713-jisp238l 204 1 To to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 204 2 compare compare VB cord-344713-jisp238l 204 3 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 204 4 relationship relationship NN cord-344713-jisp238l 204 5 between between IN cord-344713-jisp238l 204 6 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 204 7 morbidity morbidity NN cord-344713-jisp238l 204 8 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 204 9 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 204 10 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 204 11 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 204 12 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 204 13 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 204 14 we -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 204 15 compare compare VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 204 16 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 204 17 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 204 18 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 204 19 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 204 20 persons person NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 204 21 born bear VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 204 22 between between IN cord-344713-jisp238l 204 23 1899 1899 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 204 24 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 204 25 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 205 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 205 2 who who WP cord-344713-jisp238l 205 3 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 205 4 between between IN cord-344713-jisp238l 205 5 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 205 6 ages age NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 205 7 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 205 8 0 0 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 205 9 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 205 10 17 17 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 205 11 at at IN cord-344713-jisp238l 205 12 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 205 13 time time NN cord-344713-jisp238l 205 14 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 205 15 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 205 16 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 205 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 205 18 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 205 19 those those DT cord-344713-jisp238l 205 20 who who WP cord-344713-jisp238l 205 21 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 205 22 born bear VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 205 23 between between IN cord-344713-jisp238l 205 24 1895 1895 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 205 25 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 205 26 1898 1898 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 205 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 205 28 who who WP cord-344713-jisp238l 205 29 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 205 30 between between IN cord-344713-jisp238l 205 31 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 205 32 ages age NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 205 33 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 205 34 18 18 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 205 35 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 205 36 21 21 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 205 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 205 38 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 206 1 This this DT cord-344713-jisp238l 206 2 allows allow VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 206 3 us -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 206 4 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 206 5 compare compare VB cord-344713-jisp238l 206 6 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 206 7 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 206 8 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 206 9 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 206 10 persons person NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 206 11 who who WP cord-344713-jisp238l 206 12 plausibly plausibly RB cord-344713-jisp238l 206 13 could could MD cord-344713-jisp238l 206 14 have have VB cord-344713-jisp238l 206 15 been be VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 206 16 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 206 17 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 206 18 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 206 19 those those DT cord-344713-jisp238l 206 20 who who WP cord-344713-jisp238l 206 21 would would MD cord-344713-jisp238l 206 22 have have VB cord-344713-jisp238l 206 23 already already RB cord-344713-jisp238l 206 24 completed complete VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 206 25 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 206 26 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 207 1 In in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 207 2 order order NN cord-344713-jisp238l 207 3 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 207 4 test test VB cord-344713-jisp238l 207 5 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 207 6 hypothesis hypothesis NN cord-344713-jisp238l 207 7 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 207 8 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 207 9 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 207 10 different different JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 207 11 ages age NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 207 12 may may MD cord-344713-jisp238l 207 13 have have VB cord-344713-jisp238l 207 14 been be VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 207 15 deferentially deferentially RB cord-344713-jisp238l 207 16 impacted impact VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 207 17 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 207 18 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 207 19 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 207 20 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 207 21 based base VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 207 22 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 207 23 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 207 24 labor labor NN cord-344713-jisp238l 207 25 market market NN cord-344713-jisp238l 207 26 alternatives alternative NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 207 27 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 207 28 we -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 207 29 bin bin VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 207 30 them -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 207 31 into into IN cord-344713-jisp238l 207 32 four four CD cord-344713-jisp238l 207 33 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 207 34 groups group NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 207 35 : : : cord-344713-jisp238l 207 36 ages age NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 207 37 14 14 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 207 38 - - SYM cord-344713-jisp238l 207 39 17 17 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 207 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 207 41 born bear VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 207 42 1899 1899 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 207 43 - - SYM cord-344713-jisp238l 207 44 1902 1902 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 207 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 207 46 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 207 47 ages age NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 207 48 11 11 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 207 49 - - SYM cord-344713-jisp238l 207 50 13 13 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 207 51 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 207 52 born bear VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 207 53 1903 1903 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 207 54 - - SYM cord-344713-jisp238l 207 55 1905 1905 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 207 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 207 57 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 207 58 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 207 59 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 207 60 under under IN cord-344713-jisp238l 207 61 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 207 62 10 10 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 207 63 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 207 64 born bear VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 207 65 1906 1906 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 207 66 - - SYM cord-344713-jisp238l 207 67 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 207 68 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 207 69 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 208 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 208 2 interact interact VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 208 3 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 208 4 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 208 5 morbidity morbidity NN cord-344713-jisp238l 208 6 per per IN cord-344713-jisp238l 208 7 1000 1000 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 208 8 population population NN cord-344713-jisp238l 208 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 208 10 Polio Polio NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 208 11 b b NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 208 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 208 13 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 208 14 an an DT cord-344713-jisp238l 208 15 individual individual NN cord-344713-jisp238l 208 16 's 's POS cord-344713-jisp238l 208 17 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 208 18 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 208 19 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 208 20 these these DT cord-344713-jisp238l 208 21 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 208 22 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 208 23 specific specific JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 208 24 cohort cohort NN cord-344713-jisp238l 208 25 groups group NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 208 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 209 1 AgeBin AgeBin NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 209 2 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 209 3 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 209 4 j j NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 209 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 209 6 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 210 1 The the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 210 2 omitted omit VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 210 3 cohort cohort NN cord-344713-jisp238l 210 4 is be VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 210 5 individuals individual NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 210 6 aged age VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 210 7 18 18 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 210 8 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 210 9 21 21 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 210 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 210 11 born bear VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 210 12 1895 1895 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 210 13 - - SYM cord-344713-jisp238l 210 14 1898 1898 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 210 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 210 16 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 211 1 The the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 211 2 variables variable NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 211 3 b b NN cord-344713-jisp238l 211 4 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 211 5 s s NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 211 6 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 211 7 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 211 8 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 211 9 denote denote JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 211 10 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 211 11 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 211 12 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 211 13 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 211 14 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 211 15 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 211 16 residence residence NN cord-344713-jisp238l 211 17 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 211 18 1940 1940 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 211 19 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 211 20 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 211 21 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 211 22 cohort cohort NN cord-344713-jisp238l 211 23 fixed fix VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 211 24 effects effect NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 211 25 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 212 1 The the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 212 2 identification identification NN cord-344713-jisp238l 212 3 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 212 4 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 212 5 morbidity morbidity NN cord-344713-jisp238l 212 6 's 's POS cord-344713-jisp238l 212 7 effect effect NN cord-344713-jisp238l 212 8 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 212 9 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 212 10 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 212 11 comes come VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 212 12 from from IN cord-344713-jisp238l 212 13 comparing compare VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 212 14 different different JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 212 15 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 212 16 cohorts cohort NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 212 17 from from IN cord-344713-jisp238l 212 18 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 212 19 same same JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 212 20 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 212 21 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 212 22 while while IN cord-344713-jisp238l 212 23 controlling control VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 212 24 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 212 25 current current JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 212 26 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 212 27 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 212 28 residence residence NN cord-344713-jisp238l 212 29 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 212 30 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 212 31 national national JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 212 32 shocks shock NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 212 33 common common JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 212 34 across across IN cord-344713-jisp238l 212 35 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 212 36 cohorts cohort NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 212 37 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 213 1 State state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 213 2 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 213 3 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 213 4 fixed fix VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 213 5 effects effect NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 213 6 control control NN cord-344713-jisp238l 213 7 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 213 8 factors factor NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 213 9 common common JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 213 10 across across IN cord-344713-jisp238l 213 11 persons person NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 213 12 born bear VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 213 13 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 213 14 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 213 15 same same JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 213 16 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 213 17 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 213 18 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 213 19 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 213 20 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 213 21 residence residence NN cord-344713-jisp238l 213 22 fixed fix VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 213 23 effects effect NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 213 24 control control NN cord-344713-jisp238l 213 25 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 213 26 factors factor NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 213 27 that that WDT cord-344713-jisp238l 213 28 are be VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 213 29 shared share VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 213 30 among among IN cord-344713-jisp238l 213 31 persons person NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 213 32 residing reside VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 213 33 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 213 34 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 213 35 same same JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 213 36 1940 1940 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 213 37 enumeration enumeration NN cord-344713-jisp238l 213 38 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 213 39 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 214 1 Common common JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 214 2 shocks shock NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 214 3 shared share VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 214 4 across across IN cord-344713-jisp238l 214 5 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 214 6 year year NN cord-344713-jisp238l 214 7 cohorts cohort NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 214 8 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 214 9 such such JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 214 10 as as IN cord-344713-jisp238l 214 11 WWI WWI NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 214 12 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 214 13 are be VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 214 14 controlled control VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 214 15 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 214 16 using use VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 214 17 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 214 18 year year NN cord-344713-jisp238l 214 19 fixed fix VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 214 20 effects effect NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 214 21 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 215 1 In in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 215 2 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 215 3 full full JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 215 4 specification specification NN cord-344713-jisp238l 215 5 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 215 6 we -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 215 7 also also RB cord-344713-jisp238l 215 8 include include VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 215 9 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 215 10 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 215 11 level level NN cord-344713-jisp238l 215 12 economic economic JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 215 13 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 215 14 demographic demographic JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 215 15 controls control NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 215 16 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 215 17 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 215 18 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 215 19 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 215 20 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 215 21 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 215 22 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 215 23 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 215 24 control control NN cord-344713-jisp238l 215 25 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 215 26 schooling schooling NN cord-344713-jisp238l 215 27 laws law NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 215 28 that that WDT cord-344713-jisp238l 215 29 applied apply VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 215 30 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 215 31 each each DT cord-344713-jisp238l 215 32 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 215 33 year year NN cord-344713-jisp238l 215 34 cohort cohort NN cord-344713-jisp238l 215 35 from from IN cord-344713-jisp238l 215 36 each each DT cord-344713-jisp238l 215 37 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 215 38 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 216 1 19 19 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 217 1 These these DT cord-344713-jisp238l 217 2 controls control NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 217 3 are be VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 217 4 denoted denote VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 217 5 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 217 6 X x NN cord-344713-jisp238l 217 7 b b NN cord-344713-jisp238l 217 8 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 217 9 include include VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 217 10 doctors doctor NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 217 11 per per IN cord-344713-jisp238l 217 12 capita capita NN cord-344713-jisp238l 217 13 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 217 14 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 217 15 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 217 16 education education NN cord-344713-jisp238l 217 17 expenditures expenditure NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 217 18 per per IN cord-344713-jisp238l 217 19 capita capita NN cord-344713-jisp238l 217 20 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 217 21 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 217 22 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 217 23 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 217 24 natural natural JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 217 25 log log NN cord-344713-jisp238l 217 26 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 217 27 manufacturing manufacture VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 217 28 wages wage NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 217 29 per per IN cord-344713-jisp238l 217 30 earner earner NN cord-344713-jisp238l 217 31 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 217 32 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 217 33 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 217 34 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 217 35 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 217 36 natural natural JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 217 37 log log NN cord-344713-jisp238l 217 38 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 217 39 population population NN cord-344713-jisp238l 217 40 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 217 41 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 217 42 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 218 1 Interacting interact VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 218 2 these these DT cord-344713-jisp238l 218 3 controls control NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 218 4 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 218 5 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 218 6 cohort cohort NN cord-344713-jisp238l 218 7 fixed fix VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 218 8 effects effect NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 218 9 allows allow VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 218 10 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 218 11 effect effect NN cord-344713-jisp238l 218 12 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 218 13 these these DT cord-344713-jisp238l 218 14 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 218 15 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 218 16 level level NN cord-344713-jisp238l 218 17 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 218 18 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 218 19 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 218 20 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 218 21 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 218 22 vary vary VB cord-344713-jisp238l 218 23 across across IN cord-344713-jisp238l 218 24 different different JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 218 25 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 218 26 cohorts cohort NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 218 27 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 219 1 These these DT cord-344713-jisp238l 219 2 interactions interaction NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 219 3 allow allow VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 219 4 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 219 5 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 219 6 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 219 7 level level NN cord-344713-jisp238l 219 8 treatment treatment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 219 9 effect effect NN cord-344713-jisp238l 219 10 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 219 11 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 219 12 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 219 13 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 219 14 vary vary VB cord-344713-jisp238l 219 15 across across IN cord-344713-jisp238l 219 16 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 219 17 year year NN cord-344713-jisp238l 219 18 cohorts cohort NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 219 19 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 220 1 The the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 220 2 schooling schooling NN cord-344713-jisp238l 220 3 laws law NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 220 4 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 220 5 constructed construct VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 220 6 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 220 7 Lleras Lleras NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 220 8 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 220 9 Muney Muney NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 220 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 220 11 2002 2002 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 220 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 220 13 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 220 14 denote denote VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 220 15 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 220 16 ages age NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 220 17 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 220 18 mandatory mandatory JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 220 19 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 220 20 entry entry NN cord-344713-jisp238l 220 21 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 220 22 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 220 23 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 220 24 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 220 25 exit exit NN cord-344713-jisp238l 220 26 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 220 27 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 220 28 at at IN cord-344713-jisp238l 220 29 which which WDT cord-344713-jisp238l 220 30 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 220 31 could could MD cord-344713-jisp238l 220 32 obtain obtain VB cord-344713-jisp238l 220 33 work work NN cord-344713-jisp238l 220 34 permits permit NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 220 35 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 220 36 each each DT cord-344713-jisp238l 220 37 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 220 38 year year NN cord-344713-jisp238l 220 39 cohort cohort NN cord-344713-jisp238l 220 40 from from IN cord-344713-jisp238l 220 41 each each DT cord-344713-jisp238l 220 42 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 220 43 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 220 44 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 220 45 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 221 1 These these DT cord-344713-jisp238l 221 2 laws law NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 221 3 proxy proxy VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 221 4 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 221 5 idiosyncratic idiosyncratic JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 221 6 changes change NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 221 7 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 221 8 schooling school VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 221 9 regulations regulation NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 221 10 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 221 11 each each DT cord-344713-jisp238l 221 12 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 221 13 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 221 14 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 221 15 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 221 16 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 221 17 year year NN cord-344713-jisp238l 221 18 cohort cohort NN cord-344713-jisp238l 221 19 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 222 1 20 20 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 222 2 Finally finally RB cord-344713-jisp238l 222 3 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 222 4 i i PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 222 5 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 222 6 b b NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 222 7 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 222 8 s s NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 222 9 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 222 10 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 222 11 denotes denote VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 222 12 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 222 13 heteroskedastic heteroskedastic JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 222 14 error error NN cord-344713-jisp238l 222 15 term term NN cord-344713-jisp238l 222 16 clustered cluster VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 222 17 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 222 18 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 222 19 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 222 20 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 222 21 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 223 1 In in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 223 2 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 223 3 analysis analysis NN cord-344713-jisp238l 223 4 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 223 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 223 6 run run VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 223 7 three three CD cord-344713-jisp238l 223 8 different different JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 223 9 regressions regression NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 223 10 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 223 11 reported report VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 223 12 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 223 13 Table Table NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 223 14 3 3 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 223 15 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 224 1 Columns column NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 224 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 224 3 1)-(3 1)-(3 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 224 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 224 5 report report NN cord-344713-jisp238l 224 6 results result NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 224 7 from from IN cord-344713-jisp238l 224 8 estimating estimate VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 224 9 equation equation NN cord-344713-jisp238l 224 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 224 11 1 1 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 224 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 224 13 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 224 14 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 224 15 years year NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 224 16 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 224 17 schooling schooling NN cord-344713-jisp238l 224 18 as as IN cord-344713-jisp238l 224 19 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 224 20 dependent dependent JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 224 21 variable variable NN cord-344713-jisp238l 224 22 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 225 1 Column column NN cord-344713-jisp238l 225 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 225 3 1 1 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 225 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 225 5 includes include VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 225 6 fixed fix VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 225 7 effects effect NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 225 8 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 225 9 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 225 10 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 225 11 residence residence NN cord-344713-jisp238l 225 12 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 225 13 1940 1940 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 225 14 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 225 15 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 225 16 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 225 17 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 225 18 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 225 19 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 225 20 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 225 21 year year NN cord-344713-jisp238l 225 22 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 226 1 Column column NN cord-344713-jisp238l 226 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 226 3 2 2 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 226 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 226 5 also also RB cord-344713-jisp238l 226 6 includes include VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 226 7 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 226 8 full full JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 226 9 set set NN cord-344713-jisp238l 226 10 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 226 11 fixed fix VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 226 12 effects effect NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 226 13 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 226 14 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 226 15 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 226 16 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 226 17 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 226 18 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 226 19 cohort cohort NN cord-344713-jisp238l 226 20 trends trend NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 226 21 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 226 22 control control VB cord-344713-jisp238l 226 23 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 226 24 potential potential JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 226 25 underlying underlying JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 226 26 geographic geographic JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 226 27 trends trend NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 226 28 common common JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 226 29 across across IN cord-344713-jisp238l 226 30 cohorts cohort NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 226 31 born bear VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 226 32 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 226 33 different different JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 226 34 areas area NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 226 35 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 226 36 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 226 37 country country NN cord-344713-jisp238l 226 38 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 226 39 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 226 40 column column NN cord-344713-jisp238l 226 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 226 42 3 3 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 226 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 226 44 19 19 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 227 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 227 2 thank thank VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 227 3 Adriana Adriana NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 227 4 Lleras Lleras NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 227 5 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 227 6 Muney Muney NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 227 7 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 227 8 providing provide VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 227 9 these these DT cord-344713-jisp238l 227 10 data datum NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 227 11 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 228 1 20 20 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 229 1 The the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 229 2 mandatory mandatory JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 229 3 schooling schooling NN cord-344713-jisp238l 229 4 law law NN cord-344713-jisp238l 229 5 data data NN cord-344713-jisp238l 229 6 start start NN cord-344713-jisp238l 229 7 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 229 8 1915 1915 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 229 9 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 229 10 continue continue VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 229 11 until until IN cord-344713-jisp238l 229 12 1939 1939 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 229 13 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 230 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 230 2 assign assign VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 230 3 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 230 4 cohort cohort NN cord-344713-jisp238l 230 5 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 230 6 specific specific JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 230 7 law law NN cord-344713-jisp238l 230 8 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 230 9 subtracting subtract VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 230 10 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 230 11 year year NN cord-344713-jisp238l 230 12 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 230 13 law law NN cord-344713-jisp238l 230 14 was be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 230 15 enacted enact VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 230 16 from from IN cord-344713-jisp238l 230 17 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 230 18 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 230 19 students student NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 230 20 can can MD cord-344713-jisp238l 230 21 leave leave VB cord-344713-jisp238l 230 22 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 230 23 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 231 1 This this DT cord-344713-jisp238l 231 2 identifies identify VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 231 3 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 231 4 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 231 5 year year NN cord-344713-jisp238l 231 6 cohort cohort NN cord-344713-jisp238l 231 7 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 231 8 which which WDT cord-344713-jisp238l 231 9 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 231 10 law law NN cord-344713-jisp238l 231 11 plausibly plausibly RB cord-344713-jisp238l 231 12 applied apply VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 231 13 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 232 1 The the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 232 2 laws law NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 232 3 are be VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 232 4 assigned assign VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 232 5 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 232 6 each each DT cord-344713-jisp238l 232 7 year year NN cord-344713-jisp238l 232 8 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 232 9 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 232 10 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 232 11 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 232 12 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 232 13 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 232 14 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 233 1 In in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 233 2 cases case NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 233 3 where where WRB cord-344713-jisp238l 233 4 there there EX cord-344713-jisp238l 233 5 might may MD cord-344713-jisp238l 233 6 be be VB cord-344713-jisp238l 233 7 more more JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 233 8 than than IN cord-344713-jisp238l 233 9 one one CD cord-344713-jisp238l 233 10 applicable applicable JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 233 11 law law NN cord-344713-jisp238l 233 12 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 233 13 we -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 233 14 assign assign VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 233 15 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 233 16 minimum minimum NN cord-344713-jisp238l 233 17 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 233 18 implied imply VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 233 19 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 233 20 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 233 21 laws law NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 233 22 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 234 1 In in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 234 2 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 234 3 case case NN cord-344713-jisp238l 234 4 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 234 5 missing miss VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 234 6 values value NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 234 7 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 234 8 we -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 234 9 linearly linearly RB cord-344713-jisp238l 234 10 interpolate interpolate VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 234 11 if if IN cord-344713-jisp238l 234 12 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 234 13 missing miss VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 234 14 value value NN cord-344713-jisp238l 234 15 is be VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 234 16 between between IN cord-344713-jisp238l 234 17 two two CD cord-344713-jisp238l 234 18 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 234 19 years year NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 234 20 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 235 1 In in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 235 2 cases case NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 235 3 where where WRB cord-344713-jisp238l 235 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 235 5 can can MD cord-344713-jisp238l 235 6 not not RB cord-344713-jisp238l 235 7 linearly linearly RB cord-344713-jisp238l 235 8 interpolate interpolate VB cord-344713-jisp238l 235 9 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 235 10 we -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 235 11 assign assign VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 235 12 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 235 13 schooling schooling NN cord-344713-jisp238l 235 14 law law NN cord-344713-jisp238l 235 15 from from IN cord-344713-jisp238l 235 16 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 235 17 closest close JJS cord-344713-jisp238l 235 18 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 235 19 year year NN cord-344713-jisp238l 235 20 without without IN cord-344713-jisp238l 235 21 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 235 22 missing miss VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 235 23 value value NN cord-344713-jisp238l 235 24 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 235 25 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 235 26 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 235 27 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 235 28 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 235 29 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 235 30 e.g. e.g. RB cord-344713-jisp238l 235 31 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 235 32 if if IN cord-344713-jisp238l 235 33 values value NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 235 34 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 235 35 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 235 36 years year NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 235 37 1895 1895 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 235 38 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 235 39 1896 1896 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 235 40 are be VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 235 41 missing miss VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 235 42 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 235 43 we -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 235 44 have have VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 235 45 values value NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 235 46 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 235 47 1897 1897 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 235 48 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 235 49 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 235 50 values value NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 235 51 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 235 52 1897 1897 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 235 53 are be VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 235 54 assigned assign VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 235 55 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 235 56 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 235 57 earlier early JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 235 58 cohorts cohort NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 235 59 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 236 1 This this DT cord-344713-jisp238l 236 2 process process NN cord-344713-jisp238l 236 3 works work VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 236 4 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 236 5 all all DT cord-344713-jisp238l 236 6 states state NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 236 7 except except IN cord-344713-jisp238l 236 8 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 236 9 Wyoming Wyoming NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 236 10 where where WRB cord-344713-jisp238l 236 11 we -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 236 12 can can MD cord-344713-jisp238l 236 13 not not RB cord-344713-jisp238l 236 14 assign assign VB cord-344713-jisp238l 236 15 variable variable JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 236 16 values value NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 236 17 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 236 18 58 58 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 236 19 individuals individual NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 236 20 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 237 1 Inclusion inclusion NN cord-344713-jisp238l 237 2 or or CC cord-344713-jisp238l 237 3 exclusion exclusion NN cord-344713-jisp238l 237 4 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 237 5 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 237 6 schooling schooling NN cord-344713-jisp238l 237 7 laws law NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 237 8 has have VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 237 9 little little JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 237 10 effect effect NN cord-344713-jisp238l 237 11 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 237 12 estimated estimate VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 237 13 regression regression NN cord-344713-jisp238l 237 14 coefficients coefficient NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 237 15 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 238 1 replaces replace VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 238 2 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 238 3 trend trend NN cord-344713-jisp238l 238 4 variables variable NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 238 5 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 238 6 flexible flexible JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 238 7 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 238 8 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 238 9 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 238 10 economic economic JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 238 11 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 238 12 demographic demographic JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 238 13 controls control NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 238 14 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 238 15 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 238 16 interacted interact VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 238 17 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 238 18 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 238 19 cohort cohort NN cord-344713-jisp238l 238 20 dummies dummy NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 238 21 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 238 22 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 238 23 adds add VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 238 24 schooling school VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 238 25 law law NN cord-344713-jisp238l 238 26 controls control NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 238 27 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 239 1 All all DT cord-344713-jisp238l 239 2 coefficient coefficient NN cord-344713-jisp238l 239 3 results result NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 239 4 discussed discuss VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 239 5 refer refer VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 239 6 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 239 7 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 239 8 preferred preferred JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 239 9 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 239 10 most most RBS cord-344713-jisp238l 239 11 restrictive restrictive JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 239 12 specification specification NN cord-344713-jisp238l 239 13 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 239 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 239 15 3 3 LS cord-344713-jisp238l 239 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 239 17 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 239 18 unless unless IN cord-344713-jisp238l 239 19 otherwise otherwise RB cord-344713-jisp238l 239 20 noted note VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 239 21 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 240 1 Results result NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 240 2 presented present VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 240 3 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 240 4 Table Table NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 240 5 3 3 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 240 6 confirm confirm VB cord-344713-jisp238l 240 7 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 240 8 hypothesis hypothesis NN cord-344713-jisp238l 240 9 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 240 10 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 240 11 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 240 12 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 240 13 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 240 14 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 240 15 had have VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 240 16 different different JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 240 17 effects effect NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 240 18 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 240 19 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 240 20 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 240 21 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 240 22 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 240 23 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 240 24 different different JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 240 25 ages age NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 240 26 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 241 1 Schoolaged schoolaged JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 241 2 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 241 3 who who WP cord-344713-jisp238l 241 4 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 241 5 old old JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 241 6 enough enough RB cord-344713-jisp238l 241 7 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 241 8 have have VB cord-344713-jisp238l 241 9 labor labor NN cord-344713-jisp238l 241 10 market market NN cord-344713-jisp238l 241 11 alternatives alternative NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 242 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 242 2 i.e. i.e. FW cord-344713-jisp238l 242 3 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 242 4 those those DT cord-344713-jisp238l 242 5 who who WP cord-344713-jisp238l 242 6 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 242 7 between between IN cord-344713-jisp238l 242 8 ages age NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 242 9 14 14 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 242 10 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 242 11 17 17 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 242 12 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 242 13 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 242 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 242 15 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 242 16 those those DT cord-344713-jisp238l 242 17 who who WP cord-344713-jisp238l 242 18 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 242 19 living live VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 242 20 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 242 21 areas area NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 242 22 more more RBR cord-344713-jisp238l 242 23 affected affect VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 242 24 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 242 25 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 242 26 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 242 27 had have VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 242 28 lower low JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 242 29 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 242 30 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 242 31 than than IN cord-344713-jisp238l 242 32 similarly similarly RB cord-344713-jisp238l 242 33 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 242 34 aged age VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 242 35 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 242 36 living live VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 242 37 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 242 38 areas area NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 242 39 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 242 40 lower low JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 242 41 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 242 42 morbidity morbidity NN cord-344713-jisp238l 242 43 rates rate NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 242 44 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 243 1 This this DT cord-344713-jisp238l 243 2 result result NN cord-344713-jisp238l 243 3 is be VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 243 4 robust robust JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 243 5 even even RB cord-344713-jisp238l 243 6 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 243 7 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 243 8 models model NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 243 9 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 243 10 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 243 11 most most RBS cord-344713-jisp238l 243 12 restrictive restrictive JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 243 13 controls control NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 243 14 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 244 1 A a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 244 2 one one CD cord-344713-jisp238l 244 3 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 244 4 standard standard NN cord-344713-jisp238l 244 5 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 244 6 deviation deviation NN cord-344713-jisp238l 244 7 increase increase NN cord-344713-jisp238l 244 8 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 244 9 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 244 10 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 244 11 morbidity morbidity NN cord-344713-jisp238l 244 12 rate rate NN cord-344713-jisp238l 244 13 per per IN cord-344713-jisp238l 244 14 1000 1000 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 244 15 persons person NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 244 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 244 17 reported report VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 244 18 as as IN cord-344713-jisp238l 244 19 0.415 0.415 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 244 20 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 244 21 Table Table NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 244 22 2 2 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 244 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 244 24 results result VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 244 25 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 244 26 persons person NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 244 27 ages age NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 244 28 14 14 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 244 29 - - SYM cord-344713-jisp238l 244 30 17 17 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 244 31 having have VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 244 32 around around RB cord-344713-jisp238l 244 33 0.066 0.066 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 244 34 fewer few JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 244 35 years year NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 244 36 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 244 37 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 244 38 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 244 39 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 244 40 average average JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 244 41 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 245 1 The the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 245 2 reference reference NN cord-344713-jisp238l 245 3 cohort cohort NN cord-344713-jisp238l 245 4 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 245 5 persons person NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 245 6 ages age NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 245 7 18 18 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 245 8 - - SYM cord-344713-jisp238l 245 9 21 21 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 245 10 had have VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 245 11 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 245 12 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 245 13 average average JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 245 14 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 245 15 nine nine CD cord-344713-jisp238l 245 16 years year NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 245 17 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 245 18 education education NN cord-344713-jisp238l 245 19 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 246 1 A a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 246 2 back back JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 246 3 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 246 4 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 246 5 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 246 6 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 246 7 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 246 8 envelope envelope NN cord-344713-jisp238l 246 9 calculation calculation NN cord-344713-jisp238l 246 10 suggests suggest VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 246 11 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 246 12 this this DT cord-344713-jisp238l 246 13 effect effect NN cord-344713-jisp238l 246 14 is be VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 246 15 equivalent equivalent JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 246 16 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 246 17 every every DT cord-344713-jisp238l 246 18 fifteenth fifteenth JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 246 19 individual individual NN cord-344713-jisp238l 246 20 completing complete VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 246 21 one one CD cord-344713-jisp238l 246 22 less less JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 246 23 year year NN cord-344713-jisp238l 246 24 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 246 25 education education NN cord-344713-jisp238l 246 26 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 247 1 There there EX cord-344713-jisp238l 247 2 is be VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 247 3 also also RB cord-344713-jisp238l 247 4 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 247 5 statistically statistically RB cord-344713-jisp238l 247 6 significant significant JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 247 7 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 247 8 negative negative JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 247 9 relationship relationship NN cord-344713-jisp238l 247 10 between between IN cord-344713-jisp238l 247 11 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 247 12 morbidity morbidity NN cord-344713-jisp238l 247 13 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 247 14 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 247 15 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 247 16 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 247 17 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 247 18 10 10 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 247 19 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 247 20 under under IN cord-344713-jisp238l 247 21 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 248 1 The the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 248 2 estimated estimate VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 248 3 coefficient coefficient NN cord-344713-jisp238l 248 4 suggests suggest VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 248 5 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 248 6 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 248 7 one one CD cord-344713-jisp238l 248 8 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 248 9 standard standard NN cord-344713-jisp238l 248 10 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 248 11 deviation deviation NN cord-344713-jisp238l 248 12 increase increase NN cord-344713-jisp238l 248 13 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 248 14 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 248 15 morbidity morbidity NN cord-344713-jisp238l 248 16 decreases decrease VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 248 17 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 248 18 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 248 19 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 248 20 0.111 0.111 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 248 21 years year NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 248 22 - - : cord-344713-jisp238l 248 23 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 248 24 equivalent equivalent NN cord-344713-jisp238l 248 25 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 248 26 one one CD cord-344713-jisp238l 248 27 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 248 28 ten ten CD cord-344713-jisp238l 248 29 people people NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 248 30 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 248 31 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 248 32 cohort cohort NN cord-344713-jisp238l 248 33 completing complete VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 248 34 one one CD cord-344713-jisp238l 248 35 less less JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 248 36 year year NN cord-344713-jisp238l 248 37 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 248 38 education education NN cord-344713-jisp238l 248 39 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 249 1 21 21 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 250 1 In in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 250 2 contrast contrast NN cord-344713-jisp238l 250 3 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 250 4 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 250 5 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 250 6 level level NN cord-344713-jisp238l 250 7 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 250 8 morbidity morbidity NN cord-344713-jisp238l 250 9 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 250 10 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 250 11 does do VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 250 12 not not RB cord-344713-jisp238l 250 13 have have VB cord-344713-jisp238l 250 14 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 250 15 statistically statistically RB cord-344713-jisp238l 250 16 significant significant JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 250 17 relationship relationship NN cord-344713-jisp238l 250 18 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 250 19 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 250 20 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 250 21 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 250 22 individuals individual NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 250 23 who who WP cord-344713-jisp238l 250 24 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 250 25 over over IN cord-344713-jisp238l 250 26 10 10 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 250 27 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 250 28 but but CC cord-344713-jisp238l 250 29 too too RB cord-344713-jisp238l 250 30 young young JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 250 31 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 250 32 legally legally RB cord-344713-jisp238l 250 33 work work VB cord-344713-jisp238l 250 34 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 250 35 most most JJS cord-344713-jisp238l 250 36 states state NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 250 37 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 251 1 The the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 251 2 estimated estimate VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 251 3 coefficients coefficient NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 251 4 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 251 5 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 251 6 interaction interaction NN cord-344713-jisp238l 251 7 between between IN cord-344713-jisp238l 251 8 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 251 9 morbidity morbidity NN cord-344713-jisp238l 251 10 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 251 11 persons person NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 251 12 ages age NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 251 13 11 11 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 251 14 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 251 15 13 13 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 251 16 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 251 17 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 251 18 are be VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 251 19 negative negative JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 251 20 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 251 21 although although IN cord-344713-jisp238l 251 22 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 251 23 standard standard JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 251 24 errors error NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 251 25 are be VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 251 26 large large JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 251 27 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 251 28 they -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 251 29 are be VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 251 30 not not RB cord-344713-jisp238l 251 31 precise precise JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 251 32 zeros zero NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 251 33 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 252 1 Relative relative JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 252 2 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 252 3 individuals individual NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 252 4 born bear VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 252 5 before before IN cord-344713-jisp238l 252 6 1898 1898 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 252 7 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 252 8 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 252 9 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 252 10 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 252 11 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 252 12 people people NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 252 13 born bear VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 252 14 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 252 15 those those DT cord-344713-jisp238l 252 16 years year NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 252 17 do do VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 252 18 not not RB cord-344713-jisp238l 252 19 appear appear VB cord-344713-jisp238l 252 20 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 252 21 be be VB cord-344713-jisp238l 252 22 strongly strongly RB cord-344713-jisp238l 252 23 affected affect VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 252 24 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 252 25 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 252 26 morbidity morbidity NN cord-344713-jisp238l 252 27 rates rate NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 252 28 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 253 1 22 22 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 253 2 We -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 253 3 test test VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 253 4 whether whether IN cord-344713-jisp238l 253 5 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 253 6 results result NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 253 7 are be VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 253 8 robust robust JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 253 9 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 253 10 using use VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 253 11 two two CD cord-344713-jisp238l 253 12 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 253 13 year year NN cord-344713-jisp238l 253 14 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 253 15 groupings grouping NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 253 16 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 254 1 Results result NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 254 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 254 3 reported report VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 254 4 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 254 5 1902 1902 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 254 6 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 254 7 1903/1905 1903/1905 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 254 8 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 254 9 1906/1916 1906/1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 254 10 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 255 1 The the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 255 2 reference reference NN cord-344713-jisp238l 255 3 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 255 4 cohort cohort NN cord-344713-jisp238l 255 5 is be VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 255 6 1895/1898 1895/1898 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 255 7 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 256 1 Standard standard JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 256 2 errors error NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 256 3 are be VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 256 4 clustered cluster VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 256 5 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 256 6 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 256 7 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 256 8 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 256 9 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 256 10 are be VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 256 11 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 256 12 parentheses parenthesis NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 256 13 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 257 1 All all DT cord-344713-jisp238l 257 2 specifications specification NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 257 3 include include VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 257 4 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 257 5 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 257 6 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 257 7 fixed fix VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 257 8 effects effect NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 257 9 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 257 10 fixed fix VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 257 11 effects effect NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 257 12 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 257 13 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 257 14 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 257 15 residence residence NN cord-344713-jisp238l 257 16 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 257 17 1940 1940 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 257 18 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 257 19 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 257 20 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 257 21 year year NN cord-344713-jisp238l 257 22 FE FE NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 257 23 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 258 1 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 258 2 Economic Economic NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 258 3 Controls Controls NNPS cord-344713-jisp238l 258 4 are be VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 258 5 controls control NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 258 6 interacted interact VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 258 7 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 258 8 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 258 9 cohort cohort NN cord-344713-jisp238l 258 10 dummies dummy NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 258 11 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 259 1 These these DT cord-344713-jisp238l 259 2 variables variable NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 259 3 include include VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 259 4 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 259 5 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 259 6 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 259 7 level level NN cord-344713-jisp238l 259 8 doctors doctor NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 259 9 per per IN cord-344713-jisp238l 259 10 capita capita NN cord-344713-jisp238l 259 11 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 259 12 education education NN cord-344713-jisp238l 259 13 expenditures expenditure NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 259 14 per per IN cord-344713-jisp238l 259 15 capita capita NN cord-344713-jisp238l 259 16 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 259 17 log log VB cord-344713-jisp238l 259 18 manufacturing manufacturing NN cord-344713-jisp238l 259 19 wages wage NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 259 20 per per IN cord-344713-jisp238l 259 21 earner earner NN cord-344713-jisp238l 259 22 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 259 23 log log VB cord-344713-jisp238l 259 24 population population NN cord-344713-jisp238l 259 25 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 260 1 Cohort cohort NN cord-344713-jisp238l 260 2 Schooling Schooling NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 260 3 Laws Laws NNPS cord-344713-jisp238l 260 4 included include VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 260 5 proxies proxy NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 260 6 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 260 7 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 260 8 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 260 9 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 260 10 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 260 11 entry entry NN cord-344713-jisp238l 260 12 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 260 13 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 260 14 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 260 15 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 260 16 exit exit NN cord-344713-jisp238l 260 17 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 260 18 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 260 19 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 260 20 work work NN cord-344713-jisp238l 260 21 permit permit NN cord-344713-jisp238l 260 22 that that WDT cord-344713-jisp238l 260 23 varies vary VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 260 24 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 260 25 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 260 26 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 260 27 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 260 28 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 260 29 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 260 30 year year NN cord-344713-jisp238l 260 31 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 260 32 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 261 1 * * NFP cord-344713-jisp238l 261 2 p p XX cord-344713-jisp238l 261 3 < < XX cord-344713-jisp238l 261 4 0.10 0.10 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 261 5 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 262 1 * * NFP cord-344713-jisp238l 262 2 * * NFP cord-344713-jisp238l 262 3 p p XX cord-344713-jisp238l 262 4 < < XX cord-344713-jisp238l 262 5 0.05 0.05 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 262 6 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 263 1 * * NFP cord-344713-jisp238l 263 2 * * NFP cord-344713-jisp238l 263 3 * * NFP cord-344713-jisp238l 263 4 p p XX cord-344713-jisp238l 263 5 < < XX cord-344713-jisp238l 263 6 0.01 0.01 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 263 7 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 263 8 appendix appendix NN cord-344713-jisp238l 263 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 263 10 are be VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 263 11 robust robust JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 263 12 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 263 13 confirm confirm VB cord-344713-jisp238l 263 14 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 263 15 main main JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 263 16 findings finding NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 263 17 : : : cord-344713-jisp238l 263 18 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 263 19 students student NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 263 20 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 263 21 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 263 22 ability ability NN cord-344713-jisp238l 263 23 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 263 24 work work VB cord-344713-jisp238l 263 25 legally legally RB cord-344713-jisp238l 263 26 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 263 27 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 263 28 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 263 29 younger young JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 263 30 than than IN cord-344713-jisp238l 263 31 10 10 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 263 32 experienced experienced JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 263 33 reduced reduce VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 263 34 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 263 35 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 263 36 relative relative JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 263 37 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 263 38 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 263 39 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 263 40 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 263 41 middle middle JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 263 42 grades grade NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 263 43 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 264 1 In in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 264 2 addition addition NN cord-344713-jisp238l 264 3 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 264 4 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 264 5 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 264 6 level level NN cord-344713-jisp238l 264 7 data datum NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 264 8 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 264 9 we -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 264 10 have have VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 264 11 county county NN cord-344713-jisp238l 264 12 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 264 13 level level NN cord-344713-jisp238l 264 14 data datum NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 264 15 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 264 16 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 264 17 morbidity morbidity NN cord-344713-jisp238l 264 18 from from IN cord-344713-jisp238l 264 19 Lavinder Lavinder NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 264 20 et et NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 264 21 al al NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 264 22 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 265 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 265 2 1918 1918 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 265 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 265 4 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 265 5 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 265 6 select select JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 265 7 set set NN cord-344713-jisp238l 265 8 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 265 9 states state NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 265 10 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 265 11 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 265 12 eastern eastern JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 265 13 USA USA NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 265 14 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 265 15 as as IN cord-344713-jisp238l 265 16 shown show VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 265 17 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 265 18 Fig Fig NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 265 19 . . NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 265 20 6 6 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 265 21 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 266 1 These these DT cord-344713-jisp238l 266 2 county county NN cord-344713-jisp238l 266 3 data datum NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 266 4 cover cover VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 266 5 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 266 6 Northeastern northeastern JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 266 7 part part NN cord-344713-jisp238l 266 8 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 266 9 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 266 10 USA USA NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 266 11 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 266 12 which which WDT cord-344713-jisp238l 266 13 experienced experience VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 266 14 much much RB cord-344713-jisp238l 266 15 higher high JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 266 16 rates rate NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 266 17 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 266 18 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 266 19 cases case NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 266 20 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 266 21 deaths death NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 266 22 than than IN cord-344713-jisp238l 266 23 other other JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 266 24 regions region NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 266 25 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 267 1 While while IN cord-344713-jisp238l 267 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 267 3 do do VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 267 4 not not RB cord-344713-jisp238l 267 5 have have VB cord-344713-jisp238l 267 6 data datum NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 267 7 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 267 8 county county NN cord-344713-jisp238l 267 9 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 267 10 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 267 11 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 267 12 we -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 267 13 can can MD cord-344713-jisp238l 267 14 connect connect VB cord-344713-jisp238l 267 15 this this DT cord-344713-jisp238l 267 16 county county NN cord-344713-jisp238l 267 17 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 267 18 level level NN cord-344713-jisp238l 267 19 measure measure NN cord-344713-jisp238l 267 20 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 267 21 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 267 22 intensity intensity NN cord-344713-jisp238l 267 23 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 267 24 county county NN cord-344713-jisp238l 267 25 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 267 26 residence residence NN cord-344713-jisp238l 267 27 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 267 28 1940 1940 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 267 29 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 267 30 restrict restrict VB cord-344713-jisp238l 267 31 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 267 32 sample sample NN cord-344713-jisp238l 267 33 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 267 34 persons person NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 267 35 residing reside VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 267 36 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 267 37 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 267 38 same same JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 267 39 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 267 40 they -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 267 41 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 267 42 born bear VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 267 43 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 267 44 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 268 1 Essentially essentially RB cord-344713-jisp238l 268 2 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 268 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 268 4 assume assume VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 268 5 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 268 6 people people NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 268 7 living live VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 268 8 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 268 9 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 268 10 particular particular JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 268 11 county county NN cord-344713-jisp238l 268 12 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 268 13 1940 1940 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 268 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 268 15 as as RB cord-344713-jisp238l 268 16 long long RB cord-344713-jisp238l 268 17 as as IN cord-344713-jisp238l 268 18 it -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 268 19 is be VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 268 20 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 268 21 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 268 22 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 268 23 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 268 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 268 25 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 268 26 also also RB cord-344713-jisp238l 268 27 born bear VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 268 28 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 268 29 this this DT cord-344713-jisp238l 268 30 county county NN cord-344713-jisp238l 268 31 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 269 1 If if IN cord-344713-jisp238l 269 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 269 3 assume assume VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 269 4 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 269 5 migration migration NN cord-344713-jisp238l 269 6 within within IN cord-344713-jisp238l 269 7 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 269 8 USA USA NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 269 9 between between IN cord-344713-jisp238l 269 10 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 269 11 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 269 12 1940 1940 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 269 13 is be VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 269 14 not not RB cord-344713-jisp238l 269 15 systematically systematically RB cord-344713-jisp238l 269 16 correlated correlate VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 269 17 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 269 18 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 269 19 morbidity morbidity NN cord-344713-jisp238l 269 20 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 269 21 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 269 22 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 269 23 then then RB cord-344713-jisp238l 269 24 migration migration NN cord-344713-jisp238l 269 25 bias bias NN cord-344713-jisp238l 269 26 would would MD cord-344713-jisp238l 269 27 just just RB cord-344713-jisp238l 269 28 introduce introduce VB cord-344713-jisp238l 269 29 classical classical JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 269 30 measurement measurement NN cord-344713-jisp238l 269 31 error error NN cord-344713-jisp238l 269 32 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 269 33 county county NN cord-344713-jisp238l 269 34 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 269 35 level level NN cord-344713-jisp238l 269 36 exposure exposure NN cord-344713-jisp238l 269 37 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 269 38 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 269 39 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 269 40 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 269 41 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 270 1 23 23 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 271 1 The the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 271 2 results result NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 271 3 using use VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 271 4 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 271 5 county county NN cord-344713-jisp238l 271 6 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 271 7 level level NN cord-344713-jisp238l 271 8 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 271 9 morbidity morbidity NN cord-344713-jisp238l 271 10 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 271 11 Table Table NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 271 12 4 4 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 271 13 mirror mirror VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 271 14 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 271 15 results result NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 271 16 using use VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 271 17 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 271 18 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 271 19 level level NN cord-344713-jisp238l 271 20 data datum NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 271 21 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 272 1 While while IN cord-344713-jisp238l 272 2 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 272 3 estimated estimate VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 272 4 coefficients coefficient NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 272 5 are be VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 272 6 smaller small JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 272 7 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 272 8 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 272 9 relationship relationship NN cord-344713-jisp238l 272 10 between between IN cord-344713-jisp238l 272 11 education education NN cord-344713-jisp238l 272 12 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 272 13 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 272 14 is be VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 272 15 negative negative JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 272 16 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 272 17 statistically statistically RB cord-344713-jisp238l 272 18 significant significant JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 272 19 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 272 20 all all DT cord-344713-jisp238l 272 21 cohorts cohort NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 272 22 ages age NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 272 23 0 0 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 272 24 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 272 25 17 17 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 272 26 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 272 27 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 272 28 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 273 1 These these DT cord-344713-jisp238l 273 2 results result NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 273 3 suggest suggest VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 273 4 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 273 5 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 273 6 living live VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 273 7 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 273 8 counties county NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 273 9 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 273 10 greater great JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 273 11 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 273 12 cases case NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 273 13 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 273 14 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 273 15 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 273 16 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 273 17 average average JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 273 18 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 273 19 had have VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 273 20 lower low JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 273 21 levels level NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 273 22 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 273 23 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 273 24 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 273 25 than than IN cord-344713-jisp238l 273 26 slightly slightly RB cord-344713-jisp238l 273 27 older old JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 273 28 persons person NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 273 29 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 274 1 A a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 274 2 one one CD cord-344713-jisp238l 274 3 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 274 4 standard standard NN cord-344713-jisp238l 274 5 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 274 6 deviation deviation NN cord-344713-jisp238l 274 7 increase increase NN cord-344713-jisp238l 274 8 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 274 9 county county NN cord-344713-jisp238l 274 10 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 274 11 level level NN cord-344713-jisp238l 274 12 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 274 13 cases case NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 274 14 reduced reduce VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 274 15 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 274 16 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 274 17 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 274 18 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 274 19 persons person NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 274 20 born bear VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 274 21 between between IN cord-344713-jisp238l 274 22 ages age NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 274 23 14 14 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 274 24 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 274 25 17 17 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 274 26 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 274 27 0.07 0.07 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 274 28 years year NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 274 29 relative relative JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 274 30 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 274 31 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 274 32 reference reference NN cord-344713-jisp238l 274 33 cohort cohort NN cord-344713-jisp238l 274 34 born bear VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 274 35 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 274 36 few few JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 274 37 years year NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 274 38 earlier early RBR cord-344713-jisp238l 274 39 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 275 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-344713-jisp238l 275 2 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 275 3 persons person NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 275 4 aged aged JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 275 5 11 11 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 275 6 - - SYM cord-344713-jisp238l 275 7 13 13 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 275 8 also also RB cord-344713-jisp238l 275 9 experienced experience VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 275 10 reduced reduce VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 275 11 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 275 12 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 275 13 ; ; : cord-344713-jisp238l 275 14 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 275 15 one one CD cord-344713-jisp238l 275 16 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 275 17 standard standard NN cord-344713-jisp238l 275 18 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 275 19 deviation deviation NN cord-344713-jisp238l 275 20 increase increase NN cord-344713-jisp238l 275 21 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 275 22 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 275 23 morbidity morbidity NN cord-344713-jisp238l 275 24 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 275 25 this this DT cord-344713-jisp238l 275 26 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 275 27 group group NN cord-344713-jisp238l 275 28 reduced reduce VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 275 29 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 275 30 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 275 31 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 275 32 0.08 0.08 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 275 33 years year NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 275 34 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 276 1 Children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 276 2 under under IN cord-344713-jisp238l 276 3 10 10 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 276 4 during during IN cord-344713-jisp238l 276 5 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 276 6 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 276 7 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 276 8 had have VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 276 9 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 276 10 largest large JJS cord-344713-jisp238l 276 11 reductions reduction NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 276 12 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 276 13 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 276 14 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 276 15 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 276 16 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 276 17 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 276 18 one one CD cord-344713-jisp238l 276 19 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 276 20 standard standard NN cord-344713-jisp238l 276 21 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 276 22 deviation deviation NN cord-344713-jisp238l 276 23 increase increase NN cord-344713-jisp238l 276 24 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 276 25 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 276 26 morbidity morbidity NN cord-344713-jisp238l 276 27 associated associate VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 276 28 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 276 29 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 276 30 0.13 0.13 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 276 31 year year NN cord-344713-jisp238l 276 32 reduction reduction NN cord-344713-jisp238l 276 33 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 276 34 average average JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 276 35 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 276 36 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 276 37 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 277 1 23 23 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 277 2 Measurement Measurement NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 277 3 error error NN cord-344713-jisp238l 277 4 could could MD cord-344713-jisp238l 277 5 occur occur VB cord-344713-jisp238l 277 6 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 277 7 however however RB cord-344713-jisp238l 277 8 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 277 9 if if IN cord-344713-jisp238l 277 10 people people NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 277 11 move move VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 277 12 between between IN cord-344713-jisp238l 277 13 high high JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 277 14 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 277 15 morbidity morbidity NN cord-344713-jisp238l 277 16 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 277 17 low low JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 277 18 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 277 19 morbidity morbidity NN cord-344713-jisp238l 277 20 areas area NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 277 21 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 277 22 reasons reason NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 277 23 related relate VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 277 24 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 277 25 education education NN cord-344713-jisp238l 277 26 - - , cord-344713-jisp238l 277 27 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 277 28 example example NN cord-344713-jisp238l 277 29 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 277 30 if if IN cord-344713-jisp238l 277 31 people people NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 277 32 born bear VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 277 33 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 277 34 rural rural JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 277 35 counties county NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 277 36 moved move VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 277 37 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 277 38 more more JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 277 39 urban urban JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 277 40 counties county NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 277 41 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 277 42 jobs job NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 277 43 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 278 1 In in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 278 2 this this DT cord-344713-jisp238l 278 3 case case NN cord-344713-jisp238l 278 4 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 278 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 278 6 may may MD cord-344713-jisp238l 278 7 be be VB cord-344713-jisp238l 278 8 overstating overstate VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 278 9 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 278 10 impact impact NN cord-344713-jisp238l 278 11 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 278 12 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 278 13 morbidity morbidity NN cord-344713-jisp238l 278 14 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 278 15 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 278 16 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 278 17 at at IN cord-344713-jisp238l 278 18 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 278 19 county county NN cord-344713-jisp238l 278 20 level level NN cord-344713-jisp238l 278 21 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 279 1 For for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 279 2 this this DT cord-344713-jisp238l 279 3 reason reason NN cord-344713-jisp238l 279 4 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 279 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 279 6 have have VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 279 7 more more JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 279 8 confidence confidence NN cord-344713-jisp238l 279 9 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 279 10 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 279 11 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 279 12 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 279 13 level level NN cord-344713-jisp238l 279 14 results result NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 279 15 that that WDT cord-344713-jisp238l 279 16 aggregate aggregate VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 279 17 rural rural JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 279 18 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 279 19 urban urban JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 279 20 counties county NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 279 21 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 279 22 include include VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 279 23 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 279 24 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 279 25 residence residence NN cord-344713-jisp238l 279 26 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 279 27 1940 1940 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 279 28 fixed fix VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 279 29 effects effect NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 279 30 that that WDT cord-344713-jisp238l 279 31 further further JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 279 32 control control NN cord-344713-jisp238l 279 33 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 279 34 migration migration NN cord-344713-jisp238l 279 35 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 280 1 An an DT cord-344713-jisp238l 280 2 alternative alternative JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 280 3 method method NN cord-344713-jisp238l 280 4 would would MD cord-344713-jisp238l 280 5 be be VB cord-344713-jisp238l 280 6 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 280 7 link link VB cord-344713-jisp238l 280 8 individuals individual NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 280 9 observed observe VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 280 10 between between IN cord-344713-jisp238l 280 11 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 280 12 1920 1920 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 280 13 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 280 14 1940 1940 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 280 15 Censuses census NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 280 16 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 280 17 assume assume VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 280 18 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 280 19 if if IN cord-344713-jisp238l 280 20 they -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 280 21 reside reside VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 280 22 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 280 23 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 280 24 same same JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 280 25 county county NN cord-344713-jisp238l 280 26 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 280 27 they -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 280 28 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 280 29 likely likely RB cord-344713-jisp238l 280 30 born bear VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 280 31 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 280 32 that that DT cord-344713-jisp238l 280 33 county county NN cord-344713-jisp238l 280 34 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 281 1 This this DT cord-344713-jisp238l 281 2 could could MD cord-344713-jisp238l 281 3 further further RB cord-344713-jisp238l 281 4 reduce reduce VB cord-344713-jisp238l 281 5 measurement measurement NN cord-344713-jisp238l 281 6 error error NN cord-344713-jisp238l 281 7 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 281 8 but but CC cord-344713-jisp238l 281 9 requires require VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 281 10 significant significant JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 281 11 resource resource NN cord-344713-jisp238l 281 12 investment investment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 281 13 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 281 14 is be VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 281 15 still still RB cord-344713-jisp238l 281 16 not not RB cord-344713-jisp238l 281 17 entirely entirely RB cord-344713-jisp238l 281 18 free free JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 281 19 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 281 20 measurement measurement NN cord-344713-jisp238l 281 21 error error NN cord-344713-jisp238l 281 22 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 282 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 282 2 also also RB cord-344713-jisp238l 282 3 examine examine VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 282 4 whether whether IN cord-344713-jisp238l 282 5 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 282 6 results result NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 282 7 are be VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 282 8 robust robust JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 282 9 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 282 10 two two CD cord-344713-jisp238l 282 11 alternative alternative JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 282 12 specifications specification NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 282 13 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 283 1 First first RB cord-344713-jisp238l 283 2 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 283 3 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 283 4 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 283 5 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 283 6 outbreak outbreak NN cord-344713-jisp238l 283 7 primarily primarily RB cord-344713-jisp238l 283 8 affected affect VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 283 9 young young JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 283 10 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 283 11 under under IN cord-344713-jisp238l 283 12 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 283 13 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 283 14 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 283 15 five five CD cord-344713-jisp238l 283 16 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 284 1 As as IN cord-344713-jisp238l 284 2 sanitation sanitation NN cord-344713-jisp238l 284 3 improved improve VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 284 4 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 284 5 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 284 6 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 284 7 later later JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 284 8 decades decade NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 284 9 tended tend VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 284 10 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 284 11 infect infect VB cord-344713-jisp238l 284 12 older old JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 284 13 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 284 14 more more RBR cord-344713-jisp238l 284 15 frequently frequently RB cord-344713-jisp238l 284 16 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 285 1 Using use VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 285 2 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 285 3 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 285 4 specific specific JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 285 5 infection infection NN cord-344713-jisp238l 285 6 rates rate NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 285 7 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 285 8 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 285 9 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 285 10 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 285 11 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 285 12 from from IN cord-344713-jisp238l 285 13 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 285 14 study study NN cord-344713-jisp238l 285 15 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 285 16 Dauer Dauer NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 285 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 285 18 1938 1938 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 285 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 285 20 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 285 21 Boston Boston NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 285 22 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 285 23 we -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 285 24 substitute substitute VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 285 25 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 285 26 interaction interaction NN cord-344713-jisp238l 285 27 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 285 28 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 285 29 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 285 30 notification notification NN cord-344713-jisp238l 285 31 rate rate NN cord-344713-jisp238l 285 32 variable variable NN cord-344713-jisp238l 285 33 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 285 34 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 285 35 category category NN cord-344713-jisp238l 285 36 bins bin NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 285 37 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 285 38 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 285 39 new new JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 285 40 variable variable NN cord-344713-jisp238l 285 41 created create VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 285 42 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 285 43 interacting interact VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 285 44 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 285 45 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 285 46 notification notification NN cord-344713-jisp238l 285 47 rate rate NN cord-344713-jisp238l 285 48 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 285 49 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 285 50 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 285 51 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 285 52 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 285 53 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 285 54 specific specific JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 285 55 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 285 56 infection infection NN cord-344713-jisp238l 285 57 rate rate NN cord-344713-jisp238l 285 58 from from IN cord-344713-jisp238l 285 59 Dauer Dauer NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 285 60 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 285 61 1938 1938 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 285 62 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 285 63 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 286 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 286 2 assign assign VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 286 3 infection infection NN cord-344713-jisp238l 286 4 risks risk NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 286 5 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 286 6 68 68 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 286 7 % % NN cord-344713-jisp238l 286 8 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 286 9 persons person NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 286 10 under under IN cord-344713-jisp238l 286 11 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 286 12 four four CD cord-344713-jisp238l 286 13 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 286 14 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 286 15 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 286 16 20 20 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 286 17 % % NN cord-344713-jisp238l 286 18 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 286 19 persons person NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 286 20 ages age NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 286 21 5 5 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 286 22 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 286 23 9 9 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 286 24 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 286 25 8 8 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 286 26 % % NN cord-344713-jisp238l 286 27 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 286 28 persons person NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 286 29 ages age NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 286 30 10 10 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 286 31 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 286 32 19 19 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 286 33 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 286 34 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 286 35 4 4 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 286 36 % % NN cord-344713-jisp238l 286 37 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 286 38 anyone anyone NN cord-344713-jisp238l 286 39 above above IN cord-344713-jisp238l 286 40 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 286 41 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 286 42 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 286 43 19 19 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 286 44 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 287 1 In in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 287 2 Table Table NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 287 3 5 5 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 287 4 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 287 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 287 6 present present VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 287 7 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 287 8 main main JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 287 9 regressions regression NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 287 10 specifications specification NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 287 11 using use VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 287 12 this this DT cord-344713-jisp238l 287 13 alternative alternative JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 287 14 measure measure NN cord-344713-jisp238l 287 15 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 287 16 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 287 17 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 287 18 exposure exposure NN cord-344713-jisp238l 287 19 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 288 1 The the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 288 2 negative negative JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 288 3 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 288 4 statistically statistically RB cord-344713-jisp238l 288 5 significant significant JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 288 6 coefficients coefficient NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 288 7 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 288 8 specifications specification NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 288 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 288 10 1 1 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 288 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 288 12 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 288 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 288 14 3 3 LS cord-344713-jisp238l 288 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 288 16 are be VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 288 17 consistent consistent JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 288 18 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 288 19 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 288 20 main main JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 288 21 findings finding NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 288 22 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 288 23 are be VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 288 24 larger large JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 288 25 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 288 26 magnitude magnitude NN cord-344713-jisp238l 288 27 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 289 1 According accord VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 289 2 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 289 3 specification specification NN cord-344713-jisp238l 289 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 289 5 3 3 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 289 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 289 7 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 289 8 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 289 9 persons person NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 289 10 aged age VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 289 11 four four CD cord-344713-jisp238l 289 12 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 289 13 under under RB cord-344713-jisp238l 289 14 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 289 15 an an DT cord-344713-jisp238l 289 16 increase increase NN cord-344713-jisp238l 289 17 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 289 18 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 289 19 cases case NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 289 20 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 289 21 one one CD cord-344713-jisp238l 289 22 per per IN cord-344713-jisp238l 289 23 1000 1000 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 289 24 people people NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 289 25 decreased decrease VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 289 26 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 289 27 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 289 28 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 289 29 0.505 0.505 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 289 30 years year NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 289 31 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 290 1 For for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 290 2 persons person NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 290 3 between between IN cord-344713-jisp238l 290 4 ages age NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 290 5 five five CD cord-344713-jisp238l 290 6 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 290 7 nine nine CD cord-344713-jisp238l 290 8 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 290 9 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 290 10 reduction reduction NN cord-344713-jisp238l 290 11 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 290 12 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 290 13 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 290 14 was be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 290 15 0.06 0.06 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 290 16 years year NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 290 17 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 290 18 while while IN cord-344713-jisp238l 290 19 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 290 20 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 290 21 fell fall VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 290 22 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 290 23 0.024 0.024 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 290 24 years year NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 290 25 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 290 26 people people NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 290 27 aged age VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 290 28 10 10 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 290 29 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 290 30 19 19 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 290 31 during during IN cord-344713-jisp238l 290 32 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 290 33 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 290 34 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 291 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 291 2 is be VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 291 3 also also RB cord-344713-jisp238l 291 4 plausible plausible JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 291 5 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 291 6 persons person NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 291 7 exposed expose VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 291 8 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 291 9 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 291 10 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 291 11 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 291 12 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 291 13 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 291 14 also also RB cord-344713-jisp238l 291 15 affected affect VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 291 16 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 291 17 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 291 18 1918 1918 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 291 19 influenza influenza NN cord-344713-jisp238l 291 20 pandemic pandemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 291 21 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 291 22 which which WDT cord-344713-jisp238l 291 23 killed kill VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 291 24 over over IN cord-344713-jisp238l 291 25 500,000 500,000 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 291 26 people people NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 291 27 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 291 28 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 291 29 USA USA NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 291 30 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 292 1 The the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 292 2 flu flu NN cord-344713-jisp238l 292 3 came come VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 292 4 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 292 5 three three CD cord-344713-jisp238l 292 6 waves wave NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 292 7 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 293 1 The the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 293 2 first first JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 293 3 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 293 4 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 293 5 low low JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 293 6 mortality mortality NN cord-344713-jisp238l 293 7 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 293 8 came come VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 293 9 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 293 10 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 293 11 spring spring NN cord-344713-jisp238l 293 12 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 293 13 1918 1918 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 293 14 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 294 1 A a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 294 2 second second JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 294 3 wave wave NN cord-344713-jisp238l 294 4 associated associate VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 294 5 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 294 6 higher high JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 294 7 mortality mortality NN cord-344713-jisp238l 294 8 came come VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 294 9 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 294 10 fall fall NN cord-344713-jisp238l 294 11 / / SYM cord-344713-jisp238l 294 12 winter winter NN cord-344713-jisp238l 294 13 1918 1918 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 294 14 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 294 15 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 294 16 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 294 17 third third JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 294 18 wave wave NN cord-344713-jisp238l 294 19 arriving arrive VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 294 20 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 294 21 early early JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 294 22 1919 1919 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 294 23 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 295 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 295 2 include include VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 295 3 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 295 4 1918 1918 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 295 5 - - SYM cord-344713-jisp238l 295 6 19 19 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 295 7 flu flu NN cord-344713-jisp238l 295 8 mortality mortality NN cord-344713-jisp238l 295 9 rates rate NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 295 10 from from IN cord-344713-jisp238l 295 11 Garrett Garrett NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 295 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 295 13 2008 2008 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 295 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 295 15 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 295 16 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 295 17 United United NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 295 18 States States NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 295 19 Bureau Bureau NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 295 20 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 295 21 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 295 22 Census Census NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 295 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 295 24 1921 1921 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 295 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 295 26 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 295 27 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 295 28 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 295 29 United United NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 295 30 States States NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 295 31 Bureau Bureau NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 295 32 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 295 33 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 295 34 Census Census NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 295 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 295 36 1922 1922 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 295 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 295 38 into into IN cord-344713-jisp238l 295 39 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 295 40 analysis analysis NN cord-344713-jisp238l 295 41 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 295 42 since since IN cord-344713-jisp238l 295 43 public public JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 295 44 health health NN cord-344713-jisp238l 295 45 departments department NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 295 46 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 295 47 not not RB cord-344713-jisp238l 295 48 required require VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 295 49 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 295 50 report report VB cord-344713-jisp238l 295 51 influenza influenza NN cord-344713-jisp238l 295 52 cases case NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 295 53 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 296 1 Table table NN cord-344713-jisp238l 296 2 6 6 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 296 3 provides provide VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 296 4 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 296 5 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 296 6 level level NN cord-344713-jisp238l 296 7 data datum NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 296 8 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 296 9 influenza influenza NN cord-344713-jisp238l 296 10 deaths death NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 296 11 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 296 12 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 296 13 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 296 14 1918 1918 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 296 15 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 296 16 1919 1919 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 296 17 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 297 1 To to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 297 2 control control VB cord-344713-jisp238l 297 3 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 297 4 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 297 5 intensity intensity NN cord-344713-jisp238l 297 6 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 297 7 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 297 8 1918 1918 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 297 9 influenza influenza NN cord-344713-jisp238l 297 10 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 297 11 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 297 12 we -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 297 13 include include VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 297 14 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 297 15 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 297 16 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 297 17 level level NN cord-344713-jisp238l 297 18 1918 1918 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 297 19 influenza influenza NN cord-344713-jisp238l 297 20 mortality mortality NN cord-344713-jisp238l 297 21 rate rate NN cord-344713-jisp238l 297 22 interacted interact VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 297 23 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 297 24 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 297 25 bins bin NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 297 26 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 297 27 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 297 28 regression regression NN cord-344713-jisp238l 297 29 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 297 30 even even RB cord-344713-jisp238l 297 31 though though IN cord-344713-jisp238l 297 32 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 297 33 disease disease NN cord-344713-jisp238l 297 34 was be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 297 35 most most RBS cord-344713-jisp238l 297 36 virulent virulent JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 297 37 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 297 38 lethal lethal JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 297 39 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 297 40 older old JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 297 41 populations population NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 297 42 than than IN cord-344713-jisp238l 297 43 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 297 44 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 297 45 we -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 297 46 focus focus VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 297 47 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 297 48 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 297 49 i.e. i.e. FW cord-344713-jisp238l 297 50 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 297 51 adults adult NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 297 52 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 297 53 prime prime NN cord-344713-jisp238l 297 54 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 297 55 working work VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 297 56 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 297 57 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 297 58 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 298 1 This this DT cord-344713-jisp238l 298 2 exercise exercise NN cord-344713-jisp238l 298 3 addresses address VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 298 4 potential potential JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 298 5 concerns concern NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 298 6 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 298 7 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 298 8 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 298 9 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 298 10 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 298 11 is be VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 298 12 spuriously spuriously RB cord-344713-jisp238l 298 13 correlated correlate VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 298 14 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 298 15 1918 1918 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 298 16 influenza influenza NN cord-344713-jisp238l 298 17 intensity intensity NN cord-344713-jisp238l 298 18 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 299 1 24 24 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 299 2 We -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 299 3 study study VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 299 4 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 299 5 effects effect NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 299 6 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 299 7 influenza influenza NN cord-344713-jisp238l 299 8 intensity intensity NN cord-344713-jisp238l 299 9 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 299 10 observed observed JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 299 11 education education NN cord-344713-jisp238l 299 12 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 299 13 1940 1940 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 299 14 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 299 15 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 299 16 subset subset NN cord-344713-jisp238l 299 17 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 299 18 states state NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 299 19 used use VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 299 20 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 299 21 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 299 22 main main JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 299 23 analysis analysis NN cord-344713-jisp238l 299 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 299 25 27 27 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 299 26 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 299 27 43 43 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 299 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 299 29 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 300 1 25 25 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 300 2 Results result NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 300 3 reported report VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 300 4 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 300 5 Table Table NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 300 6 7 7 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 300 7 show show VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 300 8 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 300 9 including include VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 300 10 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 300 11 influenza influenza NN cord-344713-jisp238l 300 12 death death NN cord-344713-jisp238l 300 13 rate rate NN cord-344713-jisp238l 300 14 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 300 15 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 300 16 interactions interaction NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 300 17 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 300 18 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 300 19 groups group NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 300 20 does do VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 300 21 not not RB cord-344713-jisp238l 300 22 affect affect VB cord-344713-jisp238l 300 23 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 300 24 finding finding NN cord-344713-jisp238l 300 25 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 300 26 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 300 27 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 300 28 legal legal JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 300 29 working work VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 300 30 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 300 31 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 300 32 states state NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 300 33 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 300 34 greater great JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 300 35 numbers number NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 300 36 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 300 37 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 300 38 cases case NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 300 39 had have VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 300 40 less less JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 300 41 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 300 42 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 300 43 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 301 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 301 2 attenuates attenuate VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 301 3 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 301 4 statistical statistical JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 301 5 significance significance NN cord-344713-jisp238l 301 6 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 301 7 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 301 8 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 301 9 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 301 10 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 301 11 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 301 12 ages age NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 301 13 0 0 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 301 14 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 301 15 10 10 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 301 16 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 301 17 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 301 18 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 301 19 specifications specification NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 301 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 301 21 1 1 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 301 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 301 23 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 301 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 301 25 2 2 LS cord-344713-jisp238l 301 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 301 27 but but CC cord-344713-jisp238l 301 28 strengthens strengthen VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 301 29 it -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 301 30 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 301 31 specification specification NN cord-344713-jisp238l 301 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 301 33 3 3 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 301 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 301 35 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 302 1 The the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 302 2 effect effect NN cord-344713-jisp238l 302 3 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 302 4 influenza influenza NN cord-344713-jisp238l 302 5 mortality mortality NN cord-344713-jisp238l 302 6 itself -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 302 7 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 302 8 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 302 9 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 302 10 is be VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 302 11 statistically statistically RB cord-344713-jisp238l 302 12 insignificant insignificant JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 302 13 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 302 14 specifications specification NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 302 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 302 16 1 1 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 302 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 302 18 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 302 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 302 20 2 2 LS cord-344713-jisp238l 302 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 302 22 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 303 1 In in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 303 2 specification specification NN cord-344713-jisp238l 303 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 303 4 3 3 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 303 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 303 6 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 303 7 we -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 303 8 find find VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 303 9 influenza influenza NN cord-344713-jisp238l 303 10 mortality mortality NN cord-344713-jisp238l 303 11 increases increase VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 303 12 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 303 13 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 303 14 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 303 15 persons person NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 303 16 born bear VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 303 17 between between IN cord-344713-jisp238l 303 18 1903 1903 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 303 19 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 303 20 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 303 21 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 304 1 This this DT cord-344713-jisp238l 304 2 result result NN cord-344713-jisp238l 304 3 is be VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 304 4 consistent consistent JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 304 5 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 304 6 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 304 7 findings finding NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 304 8 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 304 9 Parman Parman NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 304 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 304 11 2015 2015 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 304 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 304 13 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 304 14 who who WP cord-344713-jisp238l 304 15 shows show VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 304 16 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 304 17 families family NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 304 18 Results result NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 304 19 reported report VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 304 20 are be VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 304 21 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 304 22 white white JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 304 23 males male NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 304 24 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 305 1 Sample sample NN cord-344713-jisp238l 305 2 is be VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 305 3 restricted restrict VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 305 4 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 305 5 individuals individual NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 305 6 residing reside VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 305 7 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 305 8 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 305 9 same same JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 305 10 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 305 11 as as IN cord-344713-jisp238l 305 12 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 305 13 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 305 14 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 305 15 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 305 16 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 306 1 Years year NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 306 2 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 306 3 education education NN cord-344713-jisp238l 306 4 are be VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 306 5 top top JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 306 6 coded code VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 306 7 at at IN cord-344713-jisp238l 306 8 17 17 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 306 9 years year NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 306 10 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 307 1 Age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 307 2 cohorts cohort NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 307 3 interacted interact VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 307 4 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 307 5 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 307 6 correspond correspond VB cord-344713-jisp238l 307 7 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 307 8 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 307 9 years year NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 307 10 1899/1902 1899/1902 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 307 11 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 307 12 1903/1905 1903/1905 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 307 13 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 307 14 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 307 15 1906/1916 1906/1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 307 16 adjusted adjust VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 307 17 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 307 18 investments investment NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 307 19 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 307 20 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 307 21 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 307 22 response response NN cord-344713-jisp238l 307 23 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 307 24 reduced reduce VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 307 25 human human JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 307 26 capital capital NN cord-344713-jisp238l 307 27 caused cause VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 307 28 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 307 29 prenatal prenatal JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 307 30 exposure exposure NN cord-344713-jisp238l 307 31 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 307 32 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 307 33 1918 1918 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 307 34 flu flu NN cord-344713-jisp238l 307 35 : : : cord-344713-jisp238l 307 36 slightly slightly RB cord-344713-jisp238l 307 37 older old JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 307 38 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 307 39 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 307 40 siblings sibling NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 307 41 who who WP cord-344713-jisp238l 307 42 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 307 43 prenatally prenatally RB cord-344713-jisp238l 307 44 exposed expose VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 307 45 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 307 46 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 307 47 flu flu NN cord-344713-jisp238l 307 48 pandemic pandemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 307 49 experienced experience VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 307 50 increased increase VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 307 51 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 307 52 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 307 53 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 308 1 To to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 308 2 further further RB cord-344713-jisp238l 308 3 substantiate substantiate VB cord-344713-jisp238l 308 4 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 308 5 main main JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 308 6 results result NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 308 7 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 308 8 we -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 308 9 also also RB cord-344713-jisp238l 308 10 perform perform VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 308 11 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 308 12 placebo placebo NN cord-344713-jisp238l 308 13 test test NN cord-344713-jisp238l 308 14 comparing compare VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 308 15 men man NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 308 16 ages age NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 308 17 22 22 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 308 18 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 308 19 33 33 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 308 20 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 308 21 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 308 22 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 308 23 reference reference VB cord-344713-jisp238l 308 24 cohort cohort NN cord-344713-jisp238l 308 25 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 308 26 those those DT cord-344713-jisp238l 308 27 ages age NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 308 28 18 18 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 308 29 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 308 30 21 21 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 308 31 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 309 1 Results result NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 309 2 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 309 3 reported report VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 309 4 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 309 5 Table Table NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 309 6 8 8 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 309 7 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 309 8 indicate indicate VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 309 9 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 309 10 there there EX cord-344713-jisp238l 309 11 is be VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 309 12 not not RB cord-344713-jisp238l 309 13 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 309 14 consistent consistent JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 309 15 pattern pattern NN cord-344713-jisp238l 309 16 between between IN cord-344713-jisp238l 309 17 reported report VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 309 18 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 309 19 morbidity morbidity NN cord-344713-jisp238l 309 20 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 309 21 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 309 22 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 309 23 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 310 1 There there EX cord-344713-jisp238l 310 2 is be VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 310 3 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 310 4 small small JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 310 5 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 310 6 negative negative JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 310 7 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 310 8 statistically statistically RB cord-344713-jisp238l 310 9 significant significant JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 310 10 relationship relationship NN cord-344713-jisp238l 310 11 between between IN cord-344713-jisp238l 310 12 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 310 13 intensity intensity NN cord-344713-jisp238l 310 14 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 310 15 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 310 16 level level NN cord-344713-jisp238l 310 17 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 310 18 education education NN cord-344713-jisp238l 310 19 observed observe VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 310 20 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 310 21 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 310 22 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 310 23 22 22 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 310 24 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 310 25 24 24 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 310 26 cohort cohort NN cord-344713-jisp238l 310 27 at at IN cord-344713-jisp238l 310 28 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 310 29 10 10 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 310 30 % % NN cord-344713-jisp238l 310 31 level level NN cord-344713-jisp238l 310 32 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 310 33 specification specification NN cord-344713-jisp238l 310 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 310 35 3 3 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 310 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 310 37 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 311 1 However however RB cord-344713-jisp238l 311 2 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 311 3 this this DT cord-344713-jisp238l 311 4 relationship relationship NN cord-344713-jisp238l 311 5 is be VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 311 6 not not RB cord-344713-jisp238l 311 7 consistent consistent JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 311 8 across across IN cord-344713-jisp238l 311 9 all all DT cord-344713-jisp238l 311 10 specifications specification NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 311 11 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 311 12 suggesting suggest VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 311 13 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 311 14 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 311 15 morbidity morbidity NN cord-344713-jisp238l 311 16 at at IN cord-344713-jisp238l 311 17 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 311 18 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 311 19 level level NN cord-344713-jisp238l 311 20 is be VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 311 21 relatively relatively RB cord-344713-jisp238l 311 22 uncorrelated uncorrelated JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 311 23 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 311 24 unobserved unobserved JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 311 25 factors factor NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 311 26 that that WDT cord-344713-jisp238l 311 27 could could MD cord-344713-jisp238l 311 28 affect affect VB cord-344713-jisp238l 311 29 observed observed JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 311 30 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 311 31 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 311 32 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 311 33 1940 1940 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 311 34 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 312 1 In in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 312 2 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 312 3 appendix appendix NN cord-344713-jisp238l 312 4 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 312 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 312 6 include include VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 312 7 an an DT cord-344713-jisp238l 312 8 additional additional JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 312 9 specification specification NN cord-344713-jisp238l 312 10 test test NN cord-344713-jisp238l 312 11 using use VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 312 12 two two CD cord-344713-jisp238l 312 13 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 312 14 year year NN cord-344713-jisp238l 312 15 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 312 16 cohorts cohort NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 312 17 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 312 18 which which WDT cord-344713-jisp238l 312 19 do do VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 312 20 not not RB cord-344713-jisp238l 312 21 substantively substantively RB cord-344713-jisp238l 312 22 change change VB cord-344713-jisp238l 312 23 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 312 24 results result NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 312 25 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 313 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 313 2 primary primary JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 313 3 results result NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 313 4 focus focus VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 313 5 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 313 6 men man NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 313 7 because because IN cord-344713-jisp238l 313 8 they -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 313 9 had have VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 313 10 more more JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 313 11 workforce workforce NN cord-344713-jisp238l 313 12 opportunities opportunity NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 313 13 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 313 14 may may MD cord-344713-jisp238l 313 15 have have VB cord-344713-jisp238l 313 16 responded respond VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 313 17 differently differently RB cord-344713-jisp238l 313 18 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 313 19 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 313 20 than than IN cord-344713-jisp238l 313 21 women woman NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 313 22 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 314 1 Table table NN cord-344713-jisp238l 314 2 9 9 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 314 3 reports report VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 314 4 results result NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 314 5 from from IN cord-344713-jisp238l 314 6 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 314 7 primary primary JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 314 8 specification specification NN cord-344713-jisp238l 314 9 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 314 10 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 314 11 sample sample NN cord-344713-jisp238l 314 12 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 314 13 women woman NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 314 14 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 314 15 1940 1940 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 314 16 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 315 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 315 2 find find VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 315 3 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 315 4 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 315 5 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 315 6 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 315 7 affected affect VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 315 8 girls girl NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 315 9 under under IN cord-344713-jisp238l 315 10 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 315 11 10 10 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 315 12 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 315 13 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 315 14 similar similar JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 315 15 way way NN cord-344713-jisp238l 315 16 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 315 17 men man NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 315 18 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 316 1 Girls girl NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 316 2 aged age VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 316 3 14 14 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 316 4 - - SYM cord-344713-jisp238l 316 5 17 17 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 316 6 also also RB cord-344713-jisp238l 316 7 reported report VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 316 8 reduced reduce VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 316 9 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 316 10 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 316 11 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 316 12 high high JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 316 13 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 316 14 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 316 15 areas area NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 316 16 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 316 17 although although IN cord-344713-jisp238l 316 18 not not RB cord-344713-jisp238l 316 19 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 316 20 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 316 21 most most RBS cord-344713-jisp238l 316 22 saturated saturated JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 316 23 model model NN cord-344713-jisp238l 316 24 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 317 1 In in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 317 2 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 317 3 male male JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 317 4 sample sample NN cord-344713-jisp238l 317 5 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 317 6 we -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 317 7 find find VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 317 8 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 317 9 boys boy NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 317 10 aged age VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 317 11 11 11 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 317 12 - - SYM cord-344713-jisp238l 317 13 13 13 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 317 14 living living NN cord-344713-jisp238l 317 15 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 317 16 areas area NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 317 17 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 317 18 higher high JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 317 19 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 317 20 did do VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 317 21 not not RB cord-344713-jisp238l 317 22 have have VB cord-344713-jisp238l 317 23 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 317 24 statistically statistically RB cord-344713-jisp238l 317 25 significant significant JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 317 26 lower low JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 317 27 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 317 28 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 317 29 than than IN cord-344713-jisp238l 317 30 boys boy NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 317 31 living live VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 317 32 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 317 33 areas area NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 317 34 less less RBR cord-344713-jisp238l 317 35 affected affect VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 317 36 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 317 37 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 317 38 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 317 39 although although IN cord-344713-jisp238l 317 40 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 317 41 standard standard JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 317 42 errors error NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 317 43 are be VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 317 44 large large JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 317 45 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 317 46 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 317 47 results result NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 317 48 are be VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 317 49 an an DT cord-344713-jisp238l 317 50 imprecise imprecise JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 317 51 zero zero CD cord-344713-jisp238l 317 52 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 318 1 For for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 318 2 girls girl NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 318 3 aged age VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 318 4 11 11 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 318 5 - - SYM cord-344713-jisp238l 318 6 13 13 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 318 7 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 318 8 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 318 9 Adj Adj NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 318 10 R R NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 318 11 2 2 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 318 12 0.084 0.084 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 318 13 0.085 0.085 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 318 14 0.084 0.084 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 318 15 estimated estimate VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 318 16 coefficients coefficient NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 318 17 are be VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 318 18 negative negative JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 318 19 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 318 20 statistically statistically RB cord-344713-jisp238l 318 21 significant significant JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 318 22 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 319 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 319 2 are be VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 319 3 not not RB cord-344713-jisp238l 319 4 sure sure JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 319 5 why why WRB cord-344713-jisp238l 319 6 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 320 1 In in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 320 2 general general JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 320 3 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 320 4 males male NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 320 5 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 320 6 females female NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 320 7 had have VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 320 8 different different JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 320 9 returns return NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 320 10 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 320 11 education education NN cord-344713-jisp238l 320 12 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 320 13 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 320 14 it -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 320 15 might may MD cord-344713-jisp238l 320 16 have have VB cord-344713-jisp238l 320 17 been be VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 320 18 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 320 19 girls girl NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 320 20 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 320 21 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 320 22 whatever whatever WDT cord-344713-jisp238l 320 23 reason reason NN cord-344713-jisp238l 320 24 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 320 25 did do VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 320 26 not not RB cord-344713-jisp238l 320 27 return return VB cord-344713-jisp238l 320 28 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 320 29 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 320 30 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 320 31 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 320 32 same same JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 320 33 numbers number NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 320 34 as as IN cord-344713-jisp238l 320 35 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 320 36 male male JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 320 37 counterparts counterpart NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 320 38 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 321 1 The the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 321 2 first first JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 321 3 major major JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 321 4 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 321 5 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 321 6 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 321 7 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 321 8 United United NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 321 9 States States NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 321 10 struck strike VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 321 11 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 321 12 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 321 13 summer summer NN cord-344713-jisp238l 321 14 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 321 15 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 321 16 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 321 17 persisted persist VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 321 18 into into IN cord-344713-jisp238l 321 19 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 321 20 fall fall NN cord-344713-jisp238l 321 21 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 322 1 With with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 322 2 over over IN cord-344713-jisp238l 322 3 23,000 23,000 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 322 4 cases case NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 322 5 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 322 6 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 322 7 diagnosed diagnose VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 322 8 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 322 9 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 322 10 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 322 11 tested test VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 322 12 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 322 13 nascent nascent JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 322 14 system system NN cord-344713-jisp238l 322 15 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 322 16 public public JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 322 17 health health NN cord-344713-jisp238l 322 18 departments department NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 322 19 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 323 1 Officials official NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 323 2 engaged engage VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 323 3 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 323 4 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 323 5 variety variety NN cord-344713-jisp238l 323 6 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 323 7 measures measure NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 323 8 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 323 9 stem stem VB cord-344713-jisp238l 323 10 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 323 11 outbreak outbreak NN cord-344713-jisp238l 323 12 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 323 13 including include VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 323 14 quarantines quarantine NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 323 15 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 323 16 washing wash VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 323 17 streets street NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 323 18 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 323 19 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 323 20 closing close VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 323 21 public public JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 323 22 schools school NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 323 23 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 324 1 In in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 324 2 this this DT cord-344713-jisp238l 324 3 paper paper NN cord-344713-jisp238l 324 4 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 324 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 324 6 focus focus VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 324 7 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 324 8 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 324 9 effect effect NN cord-344713-jisp238l 324 10 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 324 11 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 324 12 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 324 13 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 324 14 years year NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 324 15 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 324 16 schooling schooling NN cord-344713-jisp238l 324 17 reported report VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 324 18 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 324 19 individuals individual NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 324 20 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 324 21 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 324 22 1940 1940 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 324 23 US US NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 324 24 Census Census NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 324 25 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 325 1 Educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 325 2 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 325 3 could could MD cord-344713-jisp238l 325 4 have have VB cord-344713-jisp238l 325 5 been be VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 325 6 reduced reduce VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 325 7 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 325 8 infected infected JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 325 9 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 325 10 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 325 11 or or CC cord-344713-jisp238l 325 12 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 325 13 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 325 14 who who WP cord-344713-jisp238l 325 15 spent spend VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 325 16 less less JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 325 17 time time NN cord-344713-jisp238l 325 18 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 325 19 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 325 20 because because IN cord-344713-jisp238l 325 21 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 325 22 schools school NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 325 23 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 325 24 closed closed JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 325 25 or or CC cord-344713-jisp238l 325 26 because because IN cord-344713-jisp238l 325 27 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 325 28 parents parent NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 325 29 refused refuse VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 325 30 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 325 31 send send VB cord-344713-jisp238l 325 32 them -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 325 33 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 326 1 While while IN cord-344713-jisp238l 326 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 326 3 do do VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 326 4 not not RB cord-344713-jisp238l 326 5 have have VB cord-344713-jisp238l 326 6 data datum NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 326 7 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 326 8 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 326 9 closures closure NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 326 10 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 326 11 we -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 326 12 leverage leverage VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 326 13 geographical geographical JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 326 14 variation variation NN cord-344713-jisp238l 326 15 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 326 16 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 326 17 morbidity morbidity NN cord-344713-jisp238l 326 18 as as IN cord-344713-jisp238l 326 19 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 326 20 proxy proxy NN cord-344713-jisp238l 326 21 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 326 22 focus focus VB cord-344713-jisp238l 326 23 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 326 24 whether whether IN cord-344713-jisp238l 326 25 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 326 26 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 326 27 differential differential JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 326 28 ages age NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 326 29 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 326 30 differently differently RB cord-344713-jisp238l 326 31 affected affect VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 326 32 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 327 1 Younger young JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 327 2 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 327 3 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 327 4 more more RBR cord-344713-jisp238l 327 5 likely likely JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 327 6 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 327 7 have have VB cord-344713-jisp238l 327 8 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 327 9 virus virus NN cord-344713-jisp238l 327 10 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 327 11 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 327 12 older old JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 327 13 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 327 14 may may MD cord-344713-jisp238l 327 15 have have VB cord-344713-jisp238l 327 16 opted opt VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 327 17 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 327 18 join join VB cord-344713-jisp238l 327 19 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 327 20 workforce workforce NN cord-344713-jisp238l 327 21 instead instead RB cord-344713-jisp238l 327 22 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 327 23 stay stay NN cord-344713-jisp238l 327 24 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 327 25 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 327 26 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 328 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 328 2 results result NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 328 3 show show VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 328 4 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 328 5 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 328 6 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 328 7 legal legal JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 328 8 working work VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 328 9 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 328 10 living live VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 328 11 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 328 12 areas area NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 328 13 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 328 14 higher high JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 328 15 rates rate NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 328 16 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 328 17 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 328 18 infection infection NN cord-344713-jisp238l 328 19 had have VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 328 20 diminished diminish VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 328 21 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 328 22 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 328 23 than than IN cord-344713-jisp238l 328 24 similarly similarly RB cord-344713-jisp238l 328 25 aged age VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 328 26 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 328 27 living live VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 328 28 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 328 29 states state NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 328 30 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 328 31 lower low JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 328 32 infection infection NN cord-344713-jisp238l 328 33 rates rate NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 328 34 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 329 1 This this DT cord-344713-jisp238l 329 2 result result NN cord-344713-jisp238l 329 3 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 329 4 which which WDT cord-344713-jisp238l 329 5 is be VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 329 6 robust robust JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 329 7 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 329 8 consistent consistent JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 329 9 across across IN cord-344713-jisp238l 329 10 specifications specification NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 329 11 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 329 12 does do VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 329 13 not not RB cord-344713-jisp238l 329 14 hold hold VB cord-344713-jisp238l 329 15 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 329 16 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 329 17 groups group NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 329 18 who who WP cord-344713-jisp238l 329 19 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 329 20 not not RB cord-344713-jisp238l 329 21 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 329 22 legal legal JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 329 23 working working NN cord-344713-jisp238l 329 24 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 329 25 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 329 26 nor nor CC cord-344713-jisp238l 329 27 does do VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 329 28 it -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 329 29 hold hold VB cord-344713-jisp238l 329 30 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 329 31 slightly slightly RB cord-344713-jisp238l 329 32 older old JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 329 33 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 329 34 who who WP cord-344713-jisp238l 329 35 had have VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 329 36 already already RB cord-344713-jisp238l 329 37 completed complete VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 329 38 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 329 39 secondary secondary JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 329 40 schooling schooling NN cord-344713-jisp238l 329 41 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 330 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 330 2 find find VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 330 3 stronger strong JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 330 4 negative negative JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 330 5 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 330 6 effects effect NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 330 7 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 330 8 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 330 9 who who WP cord-344713-jisp238l 330 10 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 330 11 most most RBS cord-344713-jisp238l 330 12 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 330 13 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 330 14 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 330 15 virus virus NN cord-344713-jisp238l 330 16 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 330 17 who who WP cord-344713-jisp238l 330 18 were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 330 19 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 330 20 10 10 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 330 21 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 331 1 under under IN cord-344713-jisp238l 331 2 during during IN cord-344713-jisp238l 331 3 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 331 4 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 331 5 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 332 1 Table table NN cord-344713-jisp238l 332 2 9 9 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 332 3 Women woman NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 332 4 : : : cord-344713-jisp238l 333 1 effect effect NN cord-344713-jisp238l 333 2 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 333 3 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 333 4 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 333 5 notification notification NN cord-344713-jisp238l 333 6 rate rate NN cord-344713-jisp238l 333 7 Per per IN cord-344713-jisp238l 333 8 1000 1000 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 333 9 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 333 10 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 333 11 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 333 12 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 333 13 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 333 14 cohorts cohort NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 333 15 Specifications specification NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 333 16 1 1 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 333 17 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 333 18 3 3 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 333 19 are be VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 333 20 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 333 21 same same JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 333 22 specifications specification NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 333 23 presented present VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 333 24 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 333 25 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 333 26 main main JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 333 27 analysis analysis NN cord-344713-jisp238l 333 28 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 333 29 Table Table NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 333 30 3 3 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 333 31 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 333 32 except except IN cord-344713-jisp238l 333 33 these these DT cord-344713-jisp238l 333 34 results result NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 333 35 are be VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 333 36 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 333 37 white white JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 333 38 women woman NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 333 39 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 334 1 Years year NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 334 2 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 334 3 education education NN cord-344713-jisp238l 334 4 are be VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 334 5 top top JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 334 6 coded code VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 334 7 at at IN cord-344713-jisp238l 334 8 17 17 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 334 9 years year NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 334 10 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 335 1 Age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 335 2 cohorts cohort NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 335 3 interacted interact VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 335 4 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 335 5 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 335 6 correspond correspond VB cord-344713-jisp238l 335 7 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 335 8 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 335 9 years year NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 335 10 1899/1902 1899/1902 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 335 11 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 335 12 1903/1905 1903/1905 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 335 13 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 335 14 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 335 15 1906/1916 1906/1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 336 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 336 2 results result NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 336 3 suggest suggest VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 336 4 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 336 5 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 336 6 one one CD cord-344713-jisp238l 336 7 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 336 8 standard standard NN cord-344713-jisp238l 336 9 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 336 10 deviation deviation NN cord-344713-jisp238l 336 11 increase increase NN cord-344713-jisp238l 336 12 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 336 13 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 336 14 intensity intensity NN cord-344713-jisp238l 336 15 during during IN cord-344713-jisp238l 336 16 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 336 17 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 336 18 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 336 19 reduced reduce VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 336 20 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 336 21 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 336 22 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 336 23 0.07 0.07 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 336 24 years year NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 336 25 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 336 26 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 336 27 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 336 28 14 14 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 336 29 - - SYM cord-344713-jisp238l 336 30 17 17 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 336 31 cohort cohort NN cord-344713-jisp238l 336 32 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 336 33 0.11 0.11 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 336 34 years year NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 336 35 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 336 36 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 336 37 cohort cohort NN cord-344713-jisp238l 336 38 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 336 39 10 10 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 336 40 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 336 41 younger young JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 336 42 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 337 1 Based base VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 337 2 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 337 3 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 337 4 average average JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 337 5 reported report VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 337 6 days day NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 337 7 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 337 8 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 337 9 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 337 10 year year NN cord-344713-jisp238l 337 11 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 337 12 these these DT cord-344713-jisp238l 337 13 numbers number NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 337 14 suggest suggest VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 337 15 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 337 16 annual annual JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 337 17 attendance attendance NN cord-344713-jisp238l 337 18 declined decline VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 337 19 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 337 20 roughly roughly RB cord-344713-jisp238l 337 21 11 11 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 337 22 days day NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 337 23 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 337 24 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 337 25 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 337 26 14 14 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 337 27 - - SYM cord-344713-jisp238l 337 28 17 17 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 337 29 group group NN cord-344713-jisp238l 337 30 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 337 31 17 17 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 337 32 days day NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 337 33 among among IN cord-344713-jisp238l 337 34 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 337 35 et et NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 337 36 al al NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 337 37 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 338 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 338 2 1918 1918 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 338 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 338 4 aged age VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 338 5 10 10 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 338 6 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 338 7 under under IN cord-344713-jisp238l 338 8 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 339 1 These these DT cord-344713-jisp238l 339 2 numbers number NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 339 3 are be VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 339 4 not not RB cord-344713-jisp238l 339 5 trivial trivial JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 339 6 ; ; : cord-344713-jisp238l 339 7 they -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 339 8 are be VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 339 9 within within IN cord-344713-jisp238l 339 10 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 339 11 range range NN cord-344713-jisp238l 339 12 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 339 13 Lleras Lleras NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 339 14 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 339 15 Muney Muney NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 339 16 's 's POS cord-344713-jisp238l 339 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 339 18 2002 2002 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 339 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 339 20 finding find VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 339 21 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 339 22 compulsory compulsory JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 339 23 attendance attendance NN cord-344713-jisp238l 339 24 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 339 25 child child NN cord-344713-jisp238l 339 26 labor labor NN cord-344713-jisp238l 339 27 laws law NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 339 28 increased increase VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 339 29 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 339 30 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 339 31 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 339 32 about about RB cord-344713-jisp238l 339 33 18 18 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 339 34 days day NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 339 35 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 340 1 Another another DT cord-344713-jisp238l 340 2 way way NN cord-344713-jisp238l 340 3 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 340 4 looking look VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 340 5 at at IN cord-344713-jisp238l 340 6 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 340 7 impact impact NN cord-344713-jisp238l 340 8 is be VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 340 9 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 340 10 look look VB cord-344713-jisp238l 340 11 at at IN cord-344713-jisp238l 340 12 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 340 13 aggregate aggregate JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 340 14 effect effect NN cord-344713-jisp238l 340 15 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 340 16 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 340 17 cohort cohort NN cord-344713-jisp238l 340 18 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 341 1 For for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 341 2 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 341 3 cohort cohort NN cord-344713-jisp238l 341 4 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 341 5 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 341 6 aged age VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 341 7 14 14 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 341 8 - - SYM cord-344713-jisp238l 341 9 17 17 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 341 10 during during IN cord-344713-jisp238l 341 11 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 341 12 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 341 13 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 341 14 these these DT cord-344713-jisp238l 341 15 numbers number NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 341 16 suggest suggest VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 341 17 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 341 18 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 341 19 average average JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 341 20 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 341 21 about about RB cord-344713-jisp238l 341 22 1 1 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 341 23 out out IN cord-344713-jisp238l 341 24 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 341 25 15 15 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 341 26 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 341 27 them -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 341 28 had have VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 341 29 one one CD cord-344713-jisp238l 341 30 year year NN cord-344713-jisp238l 341 31 less less JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 341 32 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 341 33 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 341 34 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 341 35 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 341 36 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 341 37 lifetime lifetime NN cord-344713-jisp238l 341 38 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 342 1 The the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 342 2 impact impact NN cord-344713-jisp238l 342 3 is be VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 342 4 even even RB cord-344713-jisp238l 342 5 larger large JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 342 6 among among IN cord-344713-jisp238l 342 7 younger young JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 342 8 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 342 9 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 342 10 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 342 11 one one CD cord-344713-jisp238l 342 12 out out IN cord-344713-jisp238l 342 13 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 342 14 every every DT cord-344713-jisp238l 342 15 10 10 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 342 16 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 342 17 attaining attain VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 342 18 one one CD cord-344713-jisp238l 342 19 less less JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 342 20 year year NN cord-344713-jisp238l 342 21 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 342 22 education education NN cord-344713-jisp238l 342 23 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 343 1 These these DT cord-344713-jisp238l 343 2 cohort cohort NN cord-344713-jisp238l 343 3 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 343 4 wide wide JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 343 5 reductions reduction NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 343 6 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 343 7 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 343 8 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 343 9 suggest suggest VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 343 10 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 343 11 public public JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 343 12 quarantines quarantine NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 343 13 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 343 14 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 343 15 closures closure NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 343 16 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 343 17 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 343 18 parental parental JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 343 19 fear fear NN cord-344713-jisp238l 343 20 magnified magnify VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 343 21 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 343 22 social social JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 343 23 cost cost NN cord-344713-jisp238l 343 24 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 343 25 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 343 26 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 343 27 poliomyelitis poliomyelitis NN cord-344713-jisp238l 343 28 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 343 29 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 343 30 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 343 31 may may MD cord-344713-jisp238l 343 32 shed shed VB cord-344713-jisp238l 343 33 light light NN cord-344713-jisp238l 343 34 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 343 35 how how WRB cord-344713-jisp238l 343 36 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 343 37 can can MD cord-344713-jisp238l 343 38 affect affect VB cord-344713-jisp238l 343 39 even even RB cord-344713-jisp238l 343 40 people people NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 343 41 who who WP cord-344713-jisp238l 343 42 do do VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 343 43 not not RB cord-344713-jisp238l 343 44 contract contract VB cord-344713-jisp238l 343 45 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 343 46 illness illness NN cord-344713-jisp238l 343 47 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 344 1 Clearly clearly RB cord-344713-jisp238l 344 2 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 344 3 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 344 4 closures closure NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 344 5 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 344 6 even even RB cord-344713-jisp238l 344 7 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 344 8 short short JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 344 9 times time NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 344 10 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 344 11 may may MD cord-344713-jisp238l 344 12 reduce reduce VB cord-344713-jisp238l 344 13 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 344 14 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 344 15 among among IN cord-344713-jisp238l 344 16 affected affected JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 344 17 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 344 18 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 345 1 Today today NN cord-344713-jisp238l 345 2 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 345 3 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 345 4 virtual virtual JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 345 5 instruction instruction NN cord-344713-jisp238l 345 6 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 345 7 it -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 345 8 is be VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 345 9 likely likely JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 345 10 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 345 11 these these DT cord-344713-jisp238l 345 12 effects effect NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 345 13 may may MD cord-344713-jisp238l 345 14 be be VB cord-344713-jisp238l 345 15 smaller small JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 345 16 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 346 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 346 2 is be VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 346 3 also also RB cord-344713-jisp238l 346 4 likely likely JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 346 5 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 346 6 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 346 7 impact impact NN cord-344713-jisp238l 346 8 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 346 9 high high JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 346 10 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 346 11 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 346 12 completion completion NN cord-344713-jisp238l 346 13 will will MD cord-344713-jisp238l 346 14 be be VB cord-344713-jisp238l 346 15 mitigated mitigate VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 346 16 because because IN cord-344713-jisp238l 346 17 many many JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 346 18 jobs job NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 346 19 require require VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 346 20 high high JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 346 21 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 346 22 diplomas diploma NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 346 23 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 347 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB cord-344713-jisp238l 347 2 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 347 3 greater great JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 347 4 numbers number NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 347 5 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 347 6 students student NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 347 7 are be VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 347 8 now now RB cord-344713-jisp238l 347 9 enrolled enrol VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 347 10 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 347 11 college college NN cord-344713-jisp238l 347 12 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 348 1 These these DT cord-344713-jisp238l 348 2 results result NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 348 3 suggest suggest VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 348 4 that that IN cord-344713-jisp238l 348 5 if if IN cord-344713-jisp238l 348 6 these these DT cord-344713-jisp238l 348 7 students student NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 348 8 leave leave VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 348 9 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 348 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 348 11 either either CC cord-344713-jisp238l 348 12 because because IN cord-344713-jisp238l 348 13 they -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 348 14 do do VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 348 15 not not RB cord-344713-jisp238l 348 16 like like VB cord-344713-jisp238l 348 17 virtual virtual JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 348 18 learning learning NN cord-344713-jisp238l 348 19 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 348 20 or or CC cord-344713-jisp238l 348 21 have have VB cord-344713-jisp238l 348 22 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 348 23 negative negative JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 348 24 financial financial JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 348 25 shock shock NN cord-344713-jisp238l 348 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 348 27 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 348 28 they -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 348 29 may may MD cord-344713-jisp238l 348 30 be be VB cord-344713-jisp238l 348 31 less less RBR cord-344713-jisp238l 348 32 likely likely JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 348 33 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 348 34 return return VB cord-344713-jisp238l 348 35 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 348 36 suffer suffer VB cord-344713-jisp238l 348 37 from from IN cord-344713-jisp238l 348 38 lower low JJR cord-344713-jisp238l 348 39 overall overall JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 348 40 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 348 41 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 348 42 as as IN cord-344713-jisp238l 348 43 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 348 44 result result NN cord-344713-jisp238l 348 45 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 349 1 1900 1900 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 349 2 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 349 3 1901/1902 1901/1902 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 349 4 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 349 5 1903/1904 1903/1904 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 349 6 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 349 7 1905/1906 1905/1906 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 349 8 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 349 9 1907/1908 1907/1908 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 349 10 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 349 11 1909/1910 1909/1910 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 349 12 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 349 13 1911/1912 1911/1912 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 349 14 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 349 15 1913/1914 1913/1914 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 349 16 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 349 17 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 349 18 1915/1916 1915/1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 349 19 1900 1900 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 349 20 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 349 21 1901/1902 1901/1902 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 349 22 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 349 23 1903/1904 1903/1904 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 349 24 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 349 25 1905/1906 1905/1906 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 349 26 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 349 27 1907/1908 1907/1908 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 349 28 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 349 29 1909/1910 1909/1910 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 349 30 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 349 31 1911/1912 1911/1912 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 349 32 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 349 33 1913/1914 1913/1914 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 349 34 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 349 35 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 349 36 1915/1916 1915/1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 349 37 _SP cord-344713-jisp238l 350 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 350 2 test test VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 350 3 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-344713-jisp238l 350 4 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 350 5 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 350 6 main main JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 350 7 analysis analysis NN cord-344713-jisp238l 350 8 using use VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 350 9 alternative alternative JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 350 10 reference reference NN cord-344713-jisp238l 350 11 cohorts cohort NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 350 12 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 351 1 The the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 351 2 main main JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 351 3 analysis analysis NN cord-344713-jisp238l 351 4 uses use VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 351 5 persons person NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 351 6 who who WP cord-344713-jisp238l 351 7 would would MD cord-344713-jisp238l 351 8 have have VB cord-344713-jisp238l 351 9 been be VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 351 10 between between IN cord-344713-jisp238l 351 11 18 18 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 351 12 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 351 13 21 21 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 351 14 during during IN cord-344713-jisp238l 351 15 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 351 16 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 351 17 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 351 18 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 352 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 352 2 prefer prefer VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 352 3 using use VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 352 4 multiple multiple JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 352 5 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 352 6 year year NN cord-344713-jisp238l 352 7 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 352 8 bins bin NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 352 9 study study VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 352 10 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 352 11 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 352 12 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 352 13 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 353 1 This this DT cord-344713-jisp238l 353 2 is be VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 354 1 because because IN cord-344713-jisp238l 354 2 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 354 3 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 354 4 variable variable NN cord-344713-jisp238l 354 5 is be VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 354 6 constructed construct VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 354 7 from from IN cord-344713-jisp238l 354 8 year year NN cord-344713-jisp238l 354 9 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 354 10 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 354 11 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 354 12 there there EX cord-344713-jisp238l 354 13 is be VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 354 14 some some DT cord-344713-jisp238l 354 15 imprecision imprecision NN cord-344713-jisp238l 354 16 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 354 17 lining line VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 354 18 up up RP cord-344713-jisp238l 354 19 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 354 20 attendance attendance NN cord-344713-jisp238l 354 21 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 354 22 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 354 23 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 354 24 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 354 25 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 355 1 In in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 355 2 particular particular JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 355 3 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 355 4 some some DT cord-344713-jisp238l 355 5 persons person NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 355 6 who who WP cord-344713-jisp238l 355 7 reach reach VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 355 8 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 355 9 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 355 10 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 355 11 18 18 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 355 12 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 355 13 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 355 14 may may MD cord-344713-jisp238l 355 15 have have VB cord-344713-jisp238l 355 16 started start VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 355 17 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 355 18 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 355 19 year year NN cord-344713-jisp238l 355 20 as as IN cord-344713-jisp238l 355 21 17 17 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 355 22 year year NN cord-344713-jisp238l 355 23 olds old NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 355 24 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 356 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 356 2 find find VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 356 3 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 356 4 relatively relatively RB cord-344713-jisp238l 356 5 negative negative JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 356 6 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 356 7 consistent consistent JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 356 8 relationship relationship NN cord-344713-jisp238l 356 9 between between IN cord-344713-jisp238l 356 10 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 356 11 virulence virulence NN cord-344713-jisp238l 356 12 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 356 13 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 356 14 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 356 15 someone someone NN cord-344713-jisp238l 356 16 was be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 356 17 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 356 18 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 356 19 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 357 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 357 2 redo redo VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 357 3 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 357 4 main main JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 357 5 regressions regression NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 357 6 using use VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 357 7 persons person NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 357 8 aged aged JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 357 9 19 19 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 357 10 - - SYM cord-344713-jisp238l 357 11 21 21 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 357 12 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 357 13 20 20 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 357 14 - - SYM cord-344713-jisp238l 357 15 21 21 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 357 16 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 357 17 21 21 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 357 18 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 357 19 18 18 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 357 20 - - SYM cord-344713-jisp238l 357 21 20 20 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 357 22 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 357 23 18 18 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 357 24 - - SYM cord-344713-jisp238l 357 25 19 19 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 357 26 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 357 27 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 357 28 18 18 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 357 29 as as IN cord-344713-jisp238l 357 30 reference reference NN cord-344713-jisp238l 357 31 cohorts cohort NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 357 32 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 358 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 358 2 include include VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 358 3 an an DT cord-344713-jisp238l 358 4 additional additional JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 358 5 interaction interaction NN cord-344713-jisp238l 358 6 between between IN cord-344713-jisp238l 358 7 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 358 8 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 358 9 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 358 10 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 358 11 cohorts cohort NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 358 12 removed remove VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 358 13 from from IN cord-344713-jisp238l 358 14 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 358 15 reference reference NN cord-344713-jisp238l 358 16 cohort cohort NN cord-344713-jisp238l 358 17 as as IN cord-344713-jisp238l 358 18 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 358 19 " " `` cord-344713-jisp238l 358 20 Placebo Placebo NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 358 21 Cohort Cohort NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 358 22 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 359 1 " " `` cord-344713-jisp238l 359 2 We -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 359 3 find find VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 359 4 results result NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 359 5 consistent consistent JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 359 6 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 359 7 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 359 8 main main JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 359 9 analysis analysis NN cord-344713-jisp238l 359 10 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 360 1 Using use VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 360 2 single single JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 360 3 year year NN cord-344713-jisp238l 360 4 reference reference NN cord-344713-jisp238l 360 5 or or CC cord-344713-jisp238l 360 6 falsification falsification NN cord-344713-jisp238l 360 7 cohort cohort NN cord-344713-jisp238l 360 8 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 360 9 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 360 10 specification specification NN cord-344713-jisp238l 360 11 using use VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 360 12 multiple multiple JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 360 13 year year NN cord-344713-jisp238l 360 14 bins bin NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 360 15 can can MD cord-344713-jisp238l 360 16 alter alter VB cord-344713-jisp238l 360 17 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 360 18 statistical statistical JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 360 19 significance significance NN cord-344713-jisp238l 360 20 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 360 21 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 360 22 results result NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 360 23 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 361 1 Potential potential JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 361 2 issues issue NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 361 3 arise arise VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 361 4 from from IN cord-344713-jisp238l 361 5 using use VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 361 6 either either CC cord-344713-jisp238l 361 7 18 18 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 361 8 year year NN cord-344713-jisp238l 361 9 olds old NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 361 10 alone alone JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 361 11 as as IN cord-344713-jisp238l 361 12 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 361 13 reference reference NN cord-344713-jisp238l 361 14 cohort cohort NN cord-344713-jisp238l 361 15 or or CC cord-344713-jisp238l 361 16 using use VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 361 17 18 18 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 361 18 year year NN cord-344713-jisp238l 361 19 olds old NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 361 20 alone alone JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 361 21 as as IN cord-344713-jisp238l 361 22 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 361 23 falsification falsification NN cord-344713-jisp238l 361 24 cohort cohort NN cord-344713-jisp238l 361 25 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 362 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-344713-jisp238l 362 2 preferred preferred JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 362 3 specifications specification NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 362 4 using use VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 362 5 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 362 6 Economic Economic NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 362 7 Controls Controls NNPS cord-344713-jisp238l 362 8 attenuate attenuate VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 362 9 these these DT cord-344713-jisp238l 362 10 effects effect NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 362 11 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 362 12 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 362 13 regressions regression NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 362 14 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 362 15 these these DT cord-344713-jisp238l 362 16 controls control NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 362 17 present present VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 362 18 negative negative JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 362 19 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 362 20 statistically statistically RB cord-344713-jisp238l 362 21 significant significant JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 362 22 results result NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 362 23 consistent consistent JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 362 24 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 362 25 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 362 26 main main JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 362 27 regression regression NN cord-344713-jisp238l 362 28 specification specification NN cord-344713-jisp238l 362 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 362 30 Tables Tables NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 362 31 13 13 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 362 32 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 362 33 14 14 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 362 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 362 35 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 363 1 Table table NN cord-344713-jisp238l 363 2 13 13 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 363 3 Alternative alternative JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 363 4 reference reference NN cord-344713-jisp238l 363 5 cohort cohort NN cord-344713-jisp238l 363 6 specification specification NN cord-344713-jisp238l 363 7 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 363 8 falsification falsification NN cord-344713-jisp238l 363 9 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 363 10 part part NN cord-344713-jisp238l 363 11 1 1 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 363 12 Specifications specification NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 363 13 1 1 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 363 14 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 363 15 3 3 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 363 16 are be VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 363 17 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 363 18 specifications specification NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 363 19 presented present VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 363 20 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 363 21 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 363 22 main main JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 363 23 analysis analysis NN cord-344713-jisp238l 363 24 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 363 25 use use VB cord-344713-jisp238l 363 26 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 363 27 reference reference NN cord-344713-jisp238l 363 28 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 363 29 cohort cohort NN cord-344713-jisp238l 363 30 is be VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 363 31 ages age NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 363 32 18 18 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 363 33 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 363 34 21 21 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 363 35 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 363 36 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 364 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 364 2 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 364 3 years year NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 364 4 1895/1898 1895/1898 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 364 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 364 6 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 365 1 Specifications specification NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 365 2 4 4 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 365 3 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 365 4 6 6 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 365 5 use use VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 365 6 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 365 7 reference reference NN cord-344713-jisp238l 365 8 cohort cohort NN cord-344713-jisp238l 365 9 ages age VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 365 10 19 19 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 365 11 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 365 12 21 21 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 365 13 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 365 14 persons person NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 365 15 aged age VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 365 16 18 18 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 365 17 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 365 18 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 365 19 are be VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 365 20 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 365 21 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 365 22 " " `` cord-344713-jisp238l 365 23 Placebo Placebo NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 365 24 Cohort Cohort NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 365 25 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 366 1 " " '' cord-344713-jisp238l 367 1 Results result NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 367 2 reported report VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 367 3 are be VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 367 4 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 367 5 white white JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 367 6 males male NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 367 7 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 368 1 Years year NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 368 2 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 368 3 education education NN cord-344713-jisp238l 368 4 are be VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 368 5 top top JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 368 6 coded code VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 368 7 at at IN cord-344713-jisp238l 368 8 17 17 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 368 9 years year NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 368 10 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 369 1 Age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 369 2 cohorts cohort NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 369 3 interacted interact VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 369 4 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 369 5 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 369 6 correspond correspond VB cord-344713-jisp238l 369 7 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 369 8 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 369 9 years year NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 369 10 1899/1902 1899/1902 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 369 11 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 369 12 1903/1905 1903/1905 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 369 13 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 369 14 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 369 15 1906/1916 1906/1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 369 16 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 370 1 Standard standard JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 370 2 errors error NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 370 3 are be VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 370 4 clustered cluster VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 370 5 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 370 6 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 370 7 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 370 8 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 370 9 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 370 10 are be VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 370 11 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 370 12 parentheses parenthesis NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 370 13 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 371 1 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 371 2 Economic Economic NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 371 3 Controls Controls NNPS cord-344713-jisp238l 371 4 are be VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 371 5 controls control NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 371 6 interacted interact VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 371 7 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 371 8 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 371 9 cohort cohort NN cord-344713-jisp238l 371 10 dummies dummy NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 371 11 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 372 1 These these DT cord-344713-jisp238l 372 2 variables variable NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 372 3 include include VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 372 4 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 372 5 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 372 6 level level NN cord-344713-jisp238l 372 7 doctors doctor NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 372 8 per per IN cord-344713-jisp238l 372 9 capita capita NN cord-344713-jisp238l 372 10 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 372 11 education education NN cord-344713-jisp238l 372 12 expenditures expenditure NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 372 13 per per IN cord-344713-jisp238l 372 14 capita capita NN cord-344713-jisp238l 372 15 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 372 16 log log VB cord-344713-jisp238l 372 17 manufacturing manufacturing NN cord-344713-jisp238l 372 18 wages wage NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 372 19 per per IN cord-344713-jisp238l 372 20 earner earner NN cord-344713-jisp238l 372 21 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 372 22 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 372 23 log log VB cord-344713-jisp238l 372 24 population population NN cord-344713-jisp238l 372 25 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 373 1 Cohort cohort NN cord-344713-jisp238l 373 2 Schooling Schooling NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 373 3 Laws Laws NNPS cord-344713-jisp238l 373 4 included include VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 373 5 proxies proxy NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 373 6 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 373 7 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 373 8 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 373 9 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 373 10 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 373 11 entry entry NN cord-344713-jisp238l 373 12 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 373 13 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 373 14 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 373 15 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 373 16 exit exit NN cord-344713-jisp238l 373 17 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 373 18 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 373 19 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 373 20 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 373 21 work work NN cord-344713-jisp238l 373 22 permit permit NN cord-344713-jisp238l 373 23 that that WDT cord-344713-jisp238l 373 24 varies vary VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 373 25 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 373 26 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 373 27 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 373 28 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 373 29 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 373 30 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 373 31 year year NN cord-344713-jisp238l 373 32 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 373 33 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 373 34 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 374 1 * * NFP cord-344713-jisp238l 374 2 p p XX cord-344713-jisp238l 374 3 < < XX cord-344713-jisp238l 374 4 0.10 0.10 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 374 5 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 375 1 * * NFP cord-344713-jisp238l 375 2 * * NFP cord-344713-jisp238l 375 3 p p XX cord-344713-jisp238l 375 4 < < XX cord-344713-jisp238l 375 5 0.05 0.05 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 375 6 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 376 1 * * NFP cord-344713-jisp238l 376 2 * * NFP cord-344713-jisp238l 376 3 * * NFP cord-344713-jisp238l 376 4 p p XX cord-344713-jisp238l 376 5 < < XX cord-344713-jisp238l 376 6 0.01 0.01 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 376 7 Table Table NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 376 8 14 14 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 376 9 Alternative alternative JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 376 10 reference reference NN cord-344713-jisp238l 376 11 cohort cohort NN cord-344713-jisp238l 376 12 specification specification NN cord-344713-jisp238l 376 13 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 376 14 falsification falsification NN cord-344713-jisp238l 376 15 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 376 16 part part NN cord-344713-jisp238l 376 17 2 2 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 376 18 Specifications specification NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 376 19 1 1 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 376 20 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 376 21 3 3 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 376 22 are be VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 376 23 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 376 24 specifications specification NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 376 25 that that WDT cord-344713-jisp238l 376 26 use use VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 376 27 ages age NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 376 28 20 20 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 376 29 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 376 30 21 21 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 376 31 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 376 32 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 376 33 as as IN cord-344713-jisp238l 376 34 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 376 35 reference reference NN cord-344713-jisp238l 376 36 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 376 37 cohort cohort NN cord-344713-jisp238l 376 38 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 376 39 persons person NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 376 40 aged age VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 376 41 18 18 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 376 42 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 376 43 19 19 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 376 44 are be VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 376 45 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 376 46 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 376 47 " " `` cord-344713-jisp238l 376 48 Placebo Placebo NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 376 49 Cohort Cohort NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 376 50 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 377 1 " " `` cord-344713-jisp238l 377 2 Specifications specification NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 377 3 4 4 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 377 4 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 377 5 6 6 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 377 6 use use VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 377 7 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 377 8 reference reference NN cord-344713-jisp238l 377 9 cohort cohort NN cord-344713-jisp238l 377 10 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 377 11 21 21 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 377 12 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 377 13 persons person NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 377 14 aged age VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 377 15 18 18 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 377 16 to to TO cord-344713-jisp238l 377 17 20 20 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 377 18 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 377 19 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 377 20 are be VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 377 21 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 377 22 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 377 23 " " `` cord-344713-jisp238l 377 24 Placebo Placebo NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 377 25 Cohort Cohort NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 377 26 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 377 27 " " '' cord-344713-jisp238l 378 1 Results result NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 378 2 reported report VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 378 3 are be VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 378 4 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 378 5 white white JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 378 6 males male NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 378 7 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 379 1 Years year NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 379 2 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 379 3 education education NN cord-344713-jisp238l 379 4 are be VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 379 5 top top JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 379 6 coded code VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 379 7 at at IN cord-344713-jisp238l 379 8 17 17 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 379 9 years year NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 379 10 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 380 1 Age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 380 2 cohorts cohort NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 380 3 interacted interact VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 380 4 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 380 5 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 380 6 correspond correspond VB cord-344713-jisp238l 380 7 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 380 8 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 380 9 years year NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 380 10 1899/1902 1899/1902 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 380 11 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 380 12 1903/1905 1903/1905 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 380 13 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 380 14 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 380 15 1906/1916 1906/1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 380 16 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 381 1 Standard standard JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 381 2 errors error NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 381 3 are be VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 381 4 clustered cluster VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 381 5 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 381 6 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 381 7 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 381 8 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 381 9 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 381 10 are be VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 381 11 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 381 12 parentheses parenthesis NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 381 13 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 382 1 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 382 2 Economic Economic NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 382 3 Controls Controls NNPS cord-344713-jisp238l 382 4 are be VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 382 5 controls control NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 382 6 interacted interact VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 382 7 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 382 8 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 382 9 cohort cohort NN cord-344713-jisp238l 382 10 dummies dummy NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 382 11 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 383 1 These these DT cord-344713-jisp238l 383 2 variables variable NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 383 3 include include VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 383 4 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 383 5 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 383 6 level level NN cord-344713-jisp238l 383 7 doctors doctor NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 383 8 per per IN cord-344713-jisp238l 383 9 capita capita NN cord-344713-jisp238l 383 10 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 383 11 education education NN cord-344713-jisp238l 383 12 expenditures expenditure NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 383 13 per per IN cord-344713-jisp238l 383 14 capita capita NN cord-344713-jisp238l 383 15 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 383 16 log log VB cord-344713-jisp238l 383 17 manufacturing manufacturing NN cord-344713-jisp238l 383 18 wages wage NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 383 19 per per IN cord-344713-jisp238l 383 20 earner earner NN cord-344713-jisp238l 383 21 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 383 22 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 383 23 log log VB cord-344713-jisp238l 383 24 population population NN cord-344713-jisp238l 383 25 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 384 1 Cohort cohort NN cord-344713-jisp238l 384 2 Schooling Schooling NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 384 3 Laws Laws NNPS cord-344713-jisp238l 384 4 included include VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 384 5 proxies proxy NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 384 6 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 384 7 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 384 8 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 384 9 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 384 10 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 384 11 entry entry NN cord-344713-jisp238l 384 12 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 384 13 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 384 14 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 384 15 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 384 16 exit exit NN cord-344713-jisp238l 384 17 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 384 18 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 384 19 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 384 20 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 384 21 work work NN cord-344713-jisp238l 384 22 permit permit NN cord-344713-jisp238l 384 23 that that WDT cord-344713-jisp238l 384 24 varies vary VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 384 25 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 384 26 state state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 384 27 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 384 28 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 384 29 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 384 30 by by IN cord-344713-jisp238l 384 31 year year NN cord-344713-jisp238l 384 32 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 384 33 birth birth NN cord-344713-jisp238l 384 34 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 385 1 * * NFP cord-344713-jisp238l 385 2 p p XX cord-344713-jisp238l 385 3 < < XX cord-344713-jisp238l 385 4 0.10 0.10 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 385 5 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 386 1 * * NFP cord-344713-jisp238l 386 2 * * NFP cord-344713-jisp238l 386 3 p p XX cord-344713-jisp238l 386 4 < < XX cord-344713-jisp238l 386 5 0.05 0.05 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 386 6 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 387 1 * * NFP cord-344713-jisp238l 387 2 * * NFP cord-344713-jisp238l 387 3 * * NFP cord-344713-jisp238l 387 4 p p XX cord-344713-jisp238l 387 5 < < XX cord-344713-jisp238l 388 1 0.01 0.01 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 388 2 _SP cord-344713-jisp238l 388 3 Childhood Childhood NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 388 4 circumstances circumstance NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 388 5 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 388 6 adult adult NN cord-344713-jisp238l 388 7 outcomes outcome NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 388 8 : : : cord-344713-jisp238l 388 9 act act NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 388 10 II II NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 388 11 Is be VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 388 12 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 388 13 1918 1918 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 388 14 influenza influenza NN cord-344713-jisp238l 388 15 pandemic pandemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 388 16 over over IN cord-344713-jisp238l 388 17 ? ? . cord-344713-jisp238l 389 1 Long long JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 389 2 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 389 3 term term NN cord-344713-jisp238l 389 4 effects effect NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 389 5 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 389 6 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 389 7 utero utero NN cord-344713-jisp238l 389 8 influenza influenza NN cord-344713-jisp238l 389 9 exposure exposure NN cord-344713-jisp238l 389 10 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 389 11 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 389 12 post-1940 post-1940 NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 389 13 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 389 14 population population NN cord-344713-jisp238l 390 1 The the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 390 2 effect effect NN cord-344713-jisp238l 390 3 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 390 4 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 390 5 at at IN cord-344713-jisp238l 390 6 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 390 7 entry entry NN cord-344713-jisp238l 390 8 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 390 9 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 390 10 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 390 11 : : : cord-344713-jisp238l 390 12 an an DT cord-344713-jisp238l 390 13 application application NN cord-344713-jisp238l 390 14 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 390 15 instrumental instrumental JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 390 16 variables variable NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 390 17 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 390 18 moments moment NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 390 19 from from IN cord-344713-jisp238l 390 20 two two CD cord-344713-jisp238l 390 21 samples sample NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 390 22 Cognitive cognitive JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 390 23 development development NN cord-344713-jisp238l 390 24 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 390 25 infectious infectious JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 390 26 disease disease NN cord-344713-jisp238l 390 27 : : : cord-344713-jisp238l 390 28 gender gender NN cord-344713-jisp238l 390 29 differences difference NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 390 30 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 390 31 investments investment NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 390 32 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 390 33 outcomes outcome NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 390 34 Does do VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 390 35 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 390 36 quality quality NN cord-344713-jisp238l 390 37 matter matter NN cord-344713-jisp238l 390 38 ? ? . cord-344713-jisp238l 391 1 Returns return NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 391 2 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 391 3 education education NN cord-344713-jisp238l 391 4 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 391 5 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 391 6 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 391 7 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 391 8 public public JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 391 9 schools school NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 391 10 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 391 11 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 391 12 United United NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 391 13 States States NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 391 14 Fixing fix VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 391 15 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 391 16 facts fact NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 391 17 : : : cord-344713-jisp238l 391 18 editing editing NN cord-344713-jisp238l 391 19 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 391 20 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 391 21 1880 1880 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 391 22 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 391 23 census census NN cord-344713-jisp238l 391 24 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 391 25 occupations occupation NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 391 26 with with IN cord-344713-jisp238l 391 27 implications implication NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 391 28 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 391 29 long long JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 391 30 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 391 31 term term NN cord-344713-jisp238l 391 32 trends trend NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 391 33 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 391 34 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 391 35 sociology sociology NN cord-344713-jisp238l 391 36 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 391 37 official official JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 391 38 statistics statistic NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 391 39 Early early JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 391 40 life life NN cord-344713-jisp238l 391 41 health health NN cord-344713-jisp238l 391 42 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 391 43 cognitive cognitive JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 391 44 function function NN cord-344713-jisp238l 391 45 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 391 46 old old JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 391 47 age age NN cord-344713-jisp238l 391 48 Epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-344713-jisp238l 391 49 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 391 50 prevention prevention NN cord-344713-jisp238l 391 51 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 391 52 vaccine vaccine NN cord-344713-jisp238l 391 53 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 391 54 preventable preventable JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 391 55 diseases disease NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 392 1 Public public JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 392 2 reaction reaction NN cord-344713-jisp238l 392 3 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 392 4 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 392 5 severe severe JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 392 6 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 392 7 outbreak outbreak NN cord-344713-jisp238l 392 8 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 392 9 three three CD cord-344713-jisp238l 392 10 Massachusetts Massachusetts NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 392 11 communities community NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 392 12 Studies Studies NNPS cord-344713-jisp238l 392 13 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 392 14 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 392 15 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-344713-jisp238l 392 16 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 392 17 poliomyelitis poliomyelitis NN cord-344713-jisp238l 392 18 Symposia symposium NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 392 19 : : : cord-344713-jisp238l 393 1 investment investment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 393 2 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 393 3 children child NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 393 4 : : : cord-344713-jisp238l 393 5 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 393 6 lengthening lengthening NN cord-344713-jisp238l 393 7 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 393 8 childhood childhood NN cord-344713-jisp238l 393 9 A a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 393 10 monograph monograph NN cord-344713-jisp238l 393 11 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 393 12 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 393 13 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 393 14 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 393 15 poliomyelitis poliomyelitis NN cord-344713-jisp238l 393 16 Evening Evening NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 393 17 Public Public NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 393 18 Ledger Ledger NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 393 19 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 393 20 p p NN cord-344713-jisp238l 393 21 2 2 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 393 22 Evening Evening NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 393 23 Public Public NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 393 24 Ledger Ledger NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 393 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 393 26 1916b 1916b CD cord-344713-jisp238l 393 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 394 1 School school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 394 2 opening opening NN cord-344713-jisp238l 394 3 postponed postpone VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 394 4 Childhood Childhood NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 394 5 health health NN cord-344713-jisp238l 394 6 shocks shock NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 394 7 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 394 8 comparative comparative JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 394 9 advantage advantage NN cord-344713-jisp238l 394 10 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 394 11 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 394 12 long long JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 394 13 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 394 14 term term NN cord-344713-jisp238l 394 15 outcomes outcome NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 394 16 : : : cord-344713-jisp238l 394 17 Evidence evidence NN cord-344713-jisp238l 394 18 from from IN cord-344713-jisp238l 394 19 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 394 20 last last JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 394 21 danish danish JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 394 22 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 394 23 epidemic epidemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 394 24 Human human JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 394 25 capital capital NN cord-344713-jisp238l 394 26 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 394 27 social social JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 394 28 capital capital NN cord-344713-jisp238l 394 29 : : : cord-344713-jisp238l 394 30 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 394 31 rise rise NN cord-344713-jisp238l 394 32 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 394 33 secondary secondary JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 394 34 schooling schooling NN cord-344713-jisp238l 394 35 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 394 36 America America NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 394 37 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 394 38 1910 1910 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 394 39 - - SYM cord-344713-jisp238l 394 40 1940 1940 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 395 1 The the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 395 2 great great JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 395 3 lockdown lockdown NN cord-344713-jisp238l 395 4 : : : cord-344713-jisp238l 395 5 worst bad JJS cord-344713-jisp238l 395 6 economic economic JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 395 7 downturn downturn NN cord-344713-jisp238l 395 8 since since IN cord-344713-jisp238l 395 9 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 395 10 great great JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 395 11 depression depression NN cord-344713-jisp238l 396 1 The the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 396 2 impact impact NN cord-344713-jisp238l 396 3 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 396 4 SARS SARS NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 396 5 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 396 6 asian asian JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 396 7 economies economy NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 396 8 Published publish VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 396 9 : : : cord-344713-jisp238l 396 10 The the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 396 11 Annie Annie NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 396 12 E E NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 396 13 Casey Casey NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 396 14 Foundation Foundation NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 396 15 Lavinder Lavinder NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 396 16 CH CH NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 396 17 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 396 18 Freeman Freeman NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 396 19 AW AW NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 396 20 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 396 21 Frost Frost NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 396 22 WH WH NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 396 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 396 24 1918 1918 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 396 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 397 1 Epidemiologic epidemiologic JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 397 2 studies study NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 397 3 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 397 4 poliomyelitis poliomyelitis NN cord-344713-jisp238l 397 5 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 397 6 New New NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 397 7 York York NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 397 8 City City NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 397 9 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 397 10 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 397 11 Northeastern Northeastern NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 397 12 United United NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 397 13 States States NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 397 14 during during IN cord-344713-jisp238l 397 15 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 397 16 year year NN cord-344713-jisp238l 397 17 1916 1916 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 398 1 Chronicling chronicle VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 398 2 America America NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 399 1 : : : cord-344713-jisp238l 399 2 historic historic JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 399 3 American american JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 399 4 newspapers newspaper NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 399 5 Were be VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 399 6 compulsory compulsory JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 399 7 education education NN cord-344713-jisp238l 399 8 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 399 9 child child NN cord-344713-jisp238l 399 10 labor labor NN cord-344713-jisp238l 399 11 laws law NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 399 12 effective effective JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 399 13 ? ? . cord-344713-jisp238l 400 1 An an DT cord-344713-jisp238l 400 2 analysis analysis NN cord-344713-jisp238l 400 3 from from IN cord-344713-jisp238l 400 4 1915 1915 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 400 5 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 400 6 1939 1939 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 400 7 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 400 8 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 400 9 U.S U.S NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 400 10 Prediction Prediction NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 400 11 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 400 12 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 400 13 failure failure NN cord-344713-jisp238l 400 14 from from IN cord-344713-jisp238l 400 15 third third JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 400 16 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 400 17 grade grade NN cord-344713-jisp238l 400 18 data datum NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 400 19 Unscheduled unscheduled JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 400 20 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 400 21 closings closing NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 400 22 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 400 23 student student NN cord-344713-jisp238l 400 24 performance performance NN cord-344713-jisp238l 400 25 Race race NN cord-344713-jisp238l 400 26 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 400 27 educational educational JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 400 28 attainment attainment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 400 29 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 400 30 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 400 31 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 400 32 1940 1940 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 400 33 census census NN cord-344713-jisp238l 400 34 Compulsory compulsory JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 400 35 schooling schooling NN cord-344713-jisp238l 400 36 legislation legislation NN cord-344713-jisp238l 400 37 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 400 38 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 400 39 attendance attendance NN cord-344713-jisp238l 400 40 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 400 41 turn turn NN cord-344713-jisp238l 400 42 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 400 43 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 400 44 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 400 45 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 400 46 century century NN cord-344713-jisp238l 400 47 America America NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 400 48 : : : cord-344713-jisp238l 401 1 a a DT cord-344713-jisp238l 401 2 ' ' `` cord-344713-jisp238l 401 3 natural natural JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 401 4 experiment experiment NN cord-344713-jisp238l 401 5 ' ' '' cord-344713-jisp238l 401 6 approach approach NN cord-344713-jisp238l 401 7 State state NN cord-344713-jisp238l 401 8 child child NN cord-344713-jisp238l 401 9 labor labor NN cord-344713-jisp238l 401 10 laws law NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 401 11 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 401 12 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 401 13 decline decline NN cord-344713-jisp238l 401 14 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 401 15 child child NN cord-344713-jisp238l 401 16 labor labor NN cord-344713-jisp238l 401 17 From from IN cord-344713-jisp238l 401 18 emergence emergence NN cord-344713-jisp238l 401 19 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 401 20 eradication eradication NN cord-344713-jisp238l 401 21 : : : cord-344713-jisp238l 401 22 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 401 23 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-344713-jisp238l 401 24 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 401 25 poliomyelitis poliomyelitis NN cord-344713-jisp238l 401 26 deconstructed deconstruct VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 401 27 The the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 401 28 cutter cutter NN cord-344713-jisp238l 401 29 incident incident NN cord-344713-jisp238l 401 30 : : : cord-344713-jisp238l 401 31 how how WRB cord-344713-jisp238l 401 32 America America NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 401 33 's 's POS cord-344713-jisp238l 401 34 first first JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 401 35 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 401 36 vaccine vaccine NN cord-344713-jisp238l 401 37 led lead VBD cord-344713-jisp238l 401 38 to to IN cord-344713-jisp238l 401 39 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 401 40 growing grow VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 401 41 vaccine vaccine NN cord-344713-jisp238l 401 42 crisis crisis NN cord-344713-jisp238l 401 43 Childhood Childhood NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 401 44 health health NN cord-344713-jisp238l 401 45 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 401 46 sibling sibling NN cord-344713-jisp238l 401 47 outcomes outcome NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 401 48 : : : cord-344713-jisp238l 402 1 nurture nurture VB cord-344713-jisp238l 402 2 reinforcing reinforce VBG cord-344713-jisp238l 402 3 nature nature NN cord-344713-jisp238l 402 4 during during IN cord-344713-jisp238l 402 5 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 402 6 1918 1918 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 402 7 influenza influenza NN cord-344713-jisp238l 402 8 pandemic pandemic NN cord-344713-jisp238l 403 1 The the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 403 2 impact impact NN cord-344713-jisp238l 403 3 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 403 4 length length NN cord-344713-jisp238l 403 5 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 403 6 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 403 7 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 403 8 year year NN cord-344713-jisp238l 403 9 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 403 10 student student NN cord-344713-jisp238l 403 11 performance performance NN cord-344713-jisp238l 403 12 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 403 13 earnings earning NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 403 14 : : : cord-344713-jisp238l 403 15 evidence evidence NN cord-344713-jisp238l 403 16 from from IN cord-344713-jisp238l 403 17 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 403 18 German german JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 403 19 short short JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 403 20 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 403 21 years year NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 403 22 Weekly Weekly NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 403 23 reports report VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 403 24 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 403 25 Dirt dirt NN cord-344713-jisp238l 403 26 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 403 27 disease disease NN cord-344713-jisp238l 403 28 : : : cord-344713-jisp238l 403 29 polio polio NN cord-344713-jisp238l 403 30 before before IN cord-344713-jisp238l 403 31 FDR FDR NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 403 32 Million million CD cord-344713-jisp238l 403 33 kids kid NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 403 34 are be VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 403 35 n't not RB cord-344713-jisp238l 403 36 in in IN cord-344713-jisp238l 403 37 school school NN cord-344713-jisp238l 403 38 because because IN cord-344713-jisp238l 403 39 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 403 40 Ebola Ebola NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 404 1 Acknowledgements acknowledgement NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 405 1 Thomasson Thomasson NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 405 2 acknowledges acknowledge VBZ cord-344713-jisp238l 405 3 support support NN cord-344713-jisp238l 405 4 from from IN cord-344713-jisp238l 405 5 the the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 405 6 Julian Julian NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 405 7 Lange Lange NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 405 8 Professorship Professorship NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 405 9 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 406 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-344713-jisp238l 406 2 thank thank VBP cord-344713-jisp238l 406 3 See see VB cord-344713-jisp238l 406 4 Tables Tables NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 406 5 10 10 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 406 6 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 406 7 11 11 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 406 8 and and CC cord-344713-jisp238l 406 9 12 12 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 406 10 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 407 1 The the DT cord-344713-jisp238l 407 2 economic economic JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 407 3 impact impact NN cord-344713-jisp238l 407 4 of of IN cord-344713-jisp238l 407 5 Ebola Ebola NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 407 6 on on IN cord-344713-jisp238l 407 7 sub sub JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 407 8 - - JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 407 9 saharan saharan JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 407 10 Africa Africa NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 407 11 : : : cord-344713-jisp238l 407 12 updated update VBN cord-344713-jisp238l 407 13 estimates estimate NNS cord-344713-jisp238l 407 14 for for IN cord-344713-jisp238l 407 15 2015 2015 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 407 16 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 408 1 Technical technical JJ cord-344713-jisp238l 408 2 report report NN cord-344713-jisp238l 408 3 . . . cord-344713-jisp238l 409 1 World World NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 409 2 Bank Bank NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 409 3 Group Group NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 409 4 Trevelyan Trevelyan NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 409 5 B B NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 409 6 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 409 7 Raynor Raynor NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 409 8 - - HYPH cord-344713-jisp238l 409 9 Smallman Smallman NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 409 10 M M NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 409 11 , , , cord-344713-jisp238l 409 12 Cliff Cliff NNP cord-344713-jisp238l 409 13 AD ad NN cord-344713-jisp238l 409 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 409 15 2005 2005 CD cord-344713-jisp238l 409 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-344713-jisp238l 409 17 _SP