id sid tid token lemma pos cord-290719-ab71pz6v 1 1 key key JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 2 1 : : : cord-290719-ab71pz6v 2 2 cord-290719-ab71pz6v cord-290719-ab71pz6v NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 2 3 authors author NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 2 4 : : : cord-290719-ab71pz6v 2 5 Bogacz Bogacz NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 2 6 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 2 7 Rafal Rafal NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 2 8 title title NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 2 9 : : : cord-290719-ab71pz6v 3 1 Estimating estimate VBG cord-290719-ab71pz6v 3 2 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 3 3 probability probability NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 3 4 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 3 5 New New NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 3 6 Zealand Zealand NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 3 7 regions region NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 3 8 being be VBG cord-290719-ab71pz6v 3 9 free free JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 3 10 from from IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 3 11 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 3 12 using use VBG cord-290719-ab71pz6v 3 13 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 3 14 stochastic stochastic JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 3 15 SEIR seir NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 3 16 model model NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 3 17 date date NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 3 18 : : : cord-290719-ab71pz6v 3 19 2020 2020 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 3 20 - - HYPH cord-290719-ab71pz6v 3 21 04 04 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 3 22 - - SYM cord-290719-ab71pz6v 3 23 21 21 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 3 24 journal journal NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 3 25 : : : cord-290719-ab71pz6v 3 26 nan nan NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 3 27 DOI DOI NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 3 28 : : : cord-290719-ab71pz6v 3 29 10.1101/2020.04.20.20073304 10.1101/2020.04.20.20073304 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 3 30 sha sha NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 3 31 : : : cord-290719-ab71pz6v 3 32 3aac304f75bc79ed9d97563fa14181df307c8a33 3aac304f75bc79ed9d97563fa14181df307c8a33 NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 3 33 doc_id doc_id NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 3 34 : : : cord-290719-ab71pz6v 3 35 290719 290719 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 3 36 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 3 37 : : : cord-290719-ab71pz6v 3 38 ab71pz6v ab71pz6v DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 4 1 This this DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 4 2 report report NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 4 3 describes describe VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 4 4 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 4 5 method method NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 4 6 for for IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 4 7 estimating estimate VBG cord-290719-ab71pz6v 4 8 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 4 9 probability probability NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 4 10 that that IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 4 11 there there EX cord-290719-ab71pz6v 4 12 are be VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 4 13 no no DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 4 14 infected infected JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 4 15 or or CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 4 16 pre pre JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 4 17 - - JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 4 18 symptomatic symptomatic JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 4 19 individuals individual NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 4 20 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 4 21 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 4 22 populations population NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 4 23 on on IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 4 24 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 4 25 basis basis NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 4 26 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 4 27 historical historical JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 4 28 data datum NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 4 29 describing describe VBG cord-290719-ab71pz6v 4 30 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 4 31 number number NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 4 32 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 4 33 cases case NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 4 34 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 4 35 consecutive consecutive JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 4 36 days day NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 4 37 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 5 1 The the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 5 2 method method NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 5 3 involves involve VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 5 4 fitting fit VBG cord-290719-ab71pz6v 5 5 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 5 6 stochastic stochastic JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 5 7 version version NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 5 8 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 5 9 Susceptible susceptible JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 5 10 Exposed expose VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 5 11 Infected Infected NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 5 12 Recovered recovered JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 5 13 model model NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 5 14 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 5 15 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 5 16 using use VBG cord-290719-ab71pz6v 5 17 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 5 18 model model NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 5 19 to to TO cord-290719-ab71pz6v 5 20 calculate calculate VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 5 21 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 5 22 probability probability NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 5 23 that that IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 5 24 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 5 25 number number NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 5 26 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 5 27 both both CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 5 28 exposed expose VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 5 29 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 5 30 infected infect VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 5 31 individuals individual NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 5 32 is be VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 5 33 equal equal JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 5 34 to to IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 5 35 0 0 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 5 36 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 6 1 The the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 6 2 model model NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 6 3 is be VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 6 4 used use VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 6 5 to to TO cord-290719-ab71pz6v 6 6 predict predict VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 6 7 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 6 8 current current JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 6 9 probabilities probability NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 6 10 for for IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 6 11 all all DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 6 12 District District NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 6 13 Health Health NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 6 14 Boards Boards NNPS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 6 15 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 6 16 New New NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 6 17 Zealand Zealand NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 6 18 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 7 1 These these DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 7 2 probabilities probability NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 7 3 are be VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 7 4 highly highly RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 7 5 correlated correlate VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 7 6 with with IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 7 7 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 7 8 number number NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 7 9 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 7 10 days day NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 7 11 with with IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 7 12 no no DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 7 13 new new JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 7 14 cases case NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 7 15 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 7 16 COVID-19 covid-19 NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 7 17 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 8 1 As as IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 8 2 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 8 3 number number NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 8 4 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 8 5 new new JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 8 6 cases case NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 8 7 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 8 8 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 8 9 declines decline NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 8 10 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 8 11 New New NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 8 12 Zealand Zealand NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 8 13 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 8 14 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 8 15 government government NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 8 16 is be VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 8 17 faced face VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 8 18 with with IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 8 19 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 8 20 decision decision NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 8 21 when when WRB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 8 22 to to TO cord-290719-ab71pz6v 8 23 reduce reduce VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 8 24 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 8 25 restrictions restriction NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 8 26 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 8 27 release release VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 8 28 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 8 29 country country NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 8 30 or or CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 8 31 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 8 32 parts part NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 8 33 from from IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 8 34 lockdown lockdown NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 8 35 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 9 1 To to TO cord-290719-ab71pz6v 9 2 assist assist VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 9 3 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 9 4 such such PDT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 9 5 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 9 6 decision decision NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 9 7 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 9 8 it -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 9 9 may may MD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 9 10 be be VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 9 11 helpful helpful JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 9 12 to to TO cord-290719-ab71pz6v 9 13 know know VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 9 14 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 9 15 estimate estimate NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 9 16 for for IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 9 17 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 9 18 probability probability NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 9 19 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 9 20 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 9 21 particular particular JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 9 22 region region NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 9 23 being be VBG cord-290719-ab71pz6v 9 24 free free JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 9 25 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 9 26 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 9 27 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 10 1 This this DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 10 2 report report NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 10 3 presents present VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 10 4 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 10 5 method method NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 10 6 for for IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 10 7 estimating estimate VBG cord-290719-ab71pz6v 10 8 such such PDT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 10 9 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 10 10 probability probability NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 10 11 on on IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 10 12 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 10 13 basis basis NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 10 14 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 10 15 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 10 16 simple simple JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 10 17 model model NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 10 18 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 10 19 presents present VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 10 20 results result NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 10 21 for for IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 10 22 individual individual JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 10 23 District District NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 10 24 Health Health NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 10 25 Boards Boards NNPS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 10 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 10 27 DHB DHB NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 10 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 10 29 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 10 30 New New NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 10 31 Zealand Zealand NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 10 32 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 11 1 A a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 11 2 simple simple JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 11 3 model model NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 11 4 is be VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 11 5 employed employ VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 11 6 which which WDT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 11 7 makes make VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 11 8 several several JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 11 9 simplifying simplify VBG cord-290719-ab71pz6v 11 10 assumptions assumption NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 11 11 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 12 1 Although although IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 12 2 these these DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 12 3 assumptions assumption NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 12 4 may may MD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 12 5 not not RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 12 6 be be VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 12 7 satisfied satisfied JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 12 8 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 12 9 they -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 12 10 make make VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 12 11 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 12 12 model model NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 12 13 mathematically mathematically RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 12 14 tractable tractable JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 12 15 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 12 16 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 12 17 thus thus RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 12 18 allows allow VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 12 19 estimation estimation NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 12 20 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 12 21 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 12 22 parameters parameter NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 12 23 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 13 1 In in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 13 2 particular particular JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 13 3 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 13 4 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 13 5 model model NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 13 6 makes make VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 13 7 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 13 8 following follow VBG cord-290719-ab71pz6v 13 9 assumptions assumption NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 13 10 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 14 1 • • NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 15 1 Since since IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 15 2 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 15 3 Ministry Ministry NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 15 4 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 15 5 Health Health NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 15 6 reports report VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 15 7 daily daily JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 15 8 numbers number NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 15 9 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 15 10 new new JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 15 11 cases case NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 15 12 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 15 13 each each DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 15 14 DHB DHB NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 15 15 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 15 16 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 15 17 model model NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 15 18 treats treat VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 15 19 each each DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 15 20 DHB DHB NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 15 21 as as IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 15 22 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 15 23 separate separate JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 15 24 population population NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 15 25 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 15 26 thus thus RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 15 27 assuming assume VBG cord-290719-ab71pz6v 15 28 that that IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 15 29 individuals individual NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 15 30 do do VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 15 31 not not RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 15 32 move move VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 15 33 between between IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 15 34 DHB DHB NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 15 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 15 36 following follow VBG cord-290719-ab71pz6v 15 37 government government NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 15 38 instructions instruction NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 15 39 not not RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 15 40 to to TO cord-290719-ab71pz6v 15 41 travel travel VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 15 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 15 43 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 16 1 • • NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 17 1 The the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 17 2 model model NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 17 3 assumes assume VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 17 4 that that IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 17 5 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 17 6 behaviour behaviour NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 17 7 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 17 8 people people NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 17 9 is be VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 17 10 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 17 11 same same JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 17 12 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 17 13 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 17 14 whole whole JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 17 15 New New NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 17 16 Zealand Zealand NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 17 17 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 17 18 throughout throughout IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 17 19 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 17 20 analysed analyse VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 17 21 period period NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 17 22 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 18 1 Thus thus RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 18 2 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 18 3 single single JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 18 4 set set NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 18 5 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 18 6 model model NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 18 7 parameters parameter NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 18 8 is be VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 18 9 fit fit JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 18 10 to to IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 18 11 data datum NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 18 12 from from IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 18 13 25 25 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 18 14 March March NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 18 15 2020 2020 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 18 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 18 17 when when WRB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 18 18 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 18 19 lockdown lockdown NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 18 20 was be VBD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 18 21 introduced introduce VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 18 22 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 18 23 New New NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 18 24 Zealand Zealand NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 18 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 18 26 to to IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 18 27 18 18 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 18 28 April April NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 18 29 2020 2020 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 18 30 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 19 1 • • NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 20 1 Since since IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 20 2 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 20 3 number number NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 20 4 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 20 5 infected infected JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 20 6 individuals individual NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 20 7 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 20 8 New New NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 20 9 Zealand Zealand NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 20 10 is be VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 20 11 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 20 12 small small JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 20 13 fraction fraction NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 20 14 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 20 15 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 20 16 entire entire JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 20 17 population population NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 20 18 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 20 19 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 20 20 model model NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 20 21 assumes assume VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 20 22 that that IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 20 23 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 20 24 number number NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 20 25 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 20 26 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 20 27 individuals individual NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 20 28 is be VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 20 29 constant constant JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 20 30 within within IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 20 31 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 20 32 analysed analysed JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 20 33 period period NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 20 34 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 21 1 • • NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 22 1 The the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 22 2 model model NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 22 3 assumes assume VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 22 4 that that IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 22 5 infected infected JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 22 6 individuals individual NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 22 7 are be VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 22 8 eventually eventually RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 22 9 identified identify VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 22 10 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 22 11 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 22 12 from from IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 22 13 this this DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 22 14 time time NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 22 15 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 22 16 become become VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 22 17 fully fully RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 22 18 isolated isolate VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 22 19 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 22 20 no no RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 22 21 longer longer RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 22 22 infect infect VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 22 23 others other NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 22 24 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 23 1 • • NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 24 1 Since since IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 24 2 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 24 3 incubation incubation NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 24 4 period period NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 24 5 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 24 6 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 24 7 is be VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 24 8 around around RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 24 9 5 5 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 24 10 days day NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 24 11 [ [ -LRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 24 12 1 1 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 24 13 ] ] -RRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 24 14 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 24 15 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 24 16 individuals individual NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 24 17 who who WP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 24 18 come come VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 24 19 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 24 20 contact contact NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 24 21 with with IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 24 22 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 24 23 virus virus NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 24 24 first first RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 24 25 enter enter VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 24 26 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 24 27 presymptomatic presymptomatic JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 24 28 phase phase NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 24 29 lasting last VBG cord-290719-ab71pz6v 24 30 on on IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 24 31 average average JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 24 32 5 5 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 24 33 days day NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 24 34 to to TO cord-290719-ab71pz6v 24 35 which which WDT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 24 36 we -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 24 37 refer refer VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 24 38 as as IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 24 39 an an DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 24 40 " " `` cord-290719-ab71pz6v 24 41 exposed expose VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 24 42 state state NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 24 43 " " '' cord-290719-ab71pz6v 24 44 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 24 45 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 24 46 only only RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 24 47 then then RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 24 48 became become VBD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 24 49 infectious infectious JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 24 50 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 25 1 Given give VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 25 2 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 25 3 above above JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 25 4 assumptions assumption NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 25 5 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 25 6 results result NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 25 7 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 25 8 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 25 9 analysis analysis NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 25 10 need need VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 25 11 to to TO cord-290719-ab71pz6v 25 12 be be VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 25 13 treated treat VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 25 14 with with IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 25 15 caution caution NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 25 16 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 26 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 26 2 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 26 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 26 4 us -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 26 5 hoped hope VBD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 26 6 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 26 7 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 26 8 presented present VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 26 9 method method NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 26 10 may may MD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 26 11 be be VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 26 12 also also RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 26 13 refined refine VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 26 14 for for IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 26 15 more more RBR cord-290719-ab71pz6v 26 16 realistic realistic JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 26 17 set set NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 26 18 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 26 19 assumptions assumption NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 26 20 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 27 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 27 2 considered consider VBD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 27 3 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 27 4 stochastic stochastic JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 27 5 version version NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 27 6 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 27 7 Susceptible susceptible JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 27 8 Exposed expose VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 27 9 Infected infect VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 27 10 Recovered recover VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 27 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 27 12 SEIR SEIR NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 27 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 27 14 model model NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 27 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 27 16 2 2 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 27 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 27 18 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 28 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 28 2 assumes assume VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 28 3 that that IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 28 4 each each DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 28 5 individual individual NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 28 6 can can MD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 28 7 be be VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 28 8 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 28 9 one one CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 28 10 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 28 11 4 4 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 28 12 states state NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 28 13 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 28 14 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 28 15 move move VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 28 16 between between IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 28 17 as as RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 28 18 illustrated illustrate VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 28 19 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 28 20 Figure Figure NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 28 21 1A 1a CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 28 22 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 29 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 29 2 denote denote VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 29 3 by by IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 29 4 E e NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 29 5 t t NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 30 1 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 30 2 I -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 30 3 t t VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 30 4 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 30 5 number number NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 30 6 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 30 7 presymptomatic presymptomatic JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 30 8 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 30 9 infectious infectious JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 30 10 people people NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 30 11 on on IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 30 12 day day NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 30 13 t t NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 30 14 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 30 15 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 30 16 by by IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 30 17 ∆E ∆E NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 30 18 t t NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 31 1 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 31 2 ∆I ∆I NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 31 3 t t VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 31 4 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 31 5 number number NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 31 6 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 31 7 people people NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 31 8 becoming become VBG cord-290719-ab71pz6v 31 9 presymptomatic presymptomatic JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 31 10 or or CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 31 11 infectious infectious JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 31 12 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 32 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 32 2 do do VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 32 3 not not RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 32 4 have have VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 32 5 data datum NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 32 6 on on IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 32 7 these these DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 32 8 variables variable NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 32 9 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 32 10 so so RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 32 11 we -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 32 12 assume assume VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 32 13 they -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 32 14 are be VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 32 15 hidden hide VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 32 16 to to IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 32 17 us -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 33 1 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 33 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 33 3 will will MD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 33 4 infer infer VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 33 5 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 33 6 values value NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 33 7 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 1 On on IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 2 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 3 other other JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 4 hand hand NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 5 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 6 we -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 7 denote denote VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 8 by by IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 9 ∆R ∆R NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 10 t t NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 11 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 12 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 13 number number NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 14 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 15 people people NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 16 being be VBG cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 17 reported report VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 18 as as IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 19 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 20 new new JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 21 case case NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 22 on on IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 23 day day NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 24 t t NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 25 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 26 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 27 we -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 28 assume assume VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 29 that that IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 30 this this DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 31 observed observed JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 32 number number NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 33 corresponds correspond VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 34 to to IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 35 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 36 amount amount NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 37 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 38 people people NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 39 moving move VBG cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 40 to to IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 41 state state NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 42 R r NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 43 where where WRB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 44 they -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 45 no no RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 46 longer longer RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 47 infect infect VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 48 others other NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 49 ( ( -LRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 50 as as IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 51 they -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 52 become become VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 53 fully fully RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 54 isolated isolate VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 55 ) ) -RRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 34 56 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 35 1 Thus thus RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 35 2 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 35 3 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 35 4 presented present VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 35 5 model model NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 35 6 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 35 7 cases case NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 35 8 reported report VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 35 9 correspond correspond VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 35 10 to to IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 35 11 individuals individual NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 35 12 moving move VBG cord-290719-ab71pz6v 35 13 to to IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 35 14 state state NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 35 15 R r NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 35 16 rather rather RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 35 17 than than IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 35 18 I -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 35 19 as as RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 35 20 typically typically RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 35 21 assumed assume VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 35 22 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 35 23 because because IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 35 24 we -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 35 25 assume assume VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 35 26 that that IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 35 27 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 35 28 individuals individual NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 35 29 are be VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 35 30 more more RBR cord-290719-ab71pz6v 35 31 likely likely JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 35 32 to to TO cord-290719-ab71pz6v 35 33 infect infect VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 35 34 others other NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 35 35 when when WRB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 35 36 they -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 35 37 are be VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 35 38 unaware unaware JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 35 39 that that IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 35 40 they -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 35 41 have have VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 35 42 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 35 43 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 35 44 rather rather RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 35 45 than than IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 35 46 after after IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 35 47 diagnosis diagnosis NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 35 48 when when WRB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 35 49 they -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 35 50 become become VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 35 51 particularly particularly RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 35 52 careful careful JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 35 53 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 36 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 36 2 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 36 3 James James NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 36 4 et et NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 36 5 al al NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 36 6 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 37 1 recently recently RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 37 2 wrote write VBD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 37 3 that that IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 37 4 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 37 5 control control NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 37 6 measures measure NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 37 7 that that WDT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 37 8 specifically specifically RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 37 9 target target VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 37 10 confirmed confirm VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 37 11 cases case NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 37 12 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 37 13 such such JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 37 14 as as IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 37 15 isolation isolation NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 37 16 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 37 17 " " '' cord-290719-ab71pz6v 37 18 could could MD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 37 19 be be VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 37 20 modelled model VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 37 21 by by IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 37 22 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 37 23 larger large JJR cord-290719-ab71pz6v 37 24 reduction reduction NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 37 25 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 37 26 transmission transmission NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 37 27 rates rate NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 37 28 for for IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 37 29 confirmed confirmed JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 37 30 cases case NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 37 31 " " `` cord-290719-ab71pz6v 37 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 37 33 3 3 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 37 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 37 35 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 38 1 Here here RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 38 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 38 3 for for IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 38 4 simplicity simplicity NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 38 5 assume assume VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 38 6 that that IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 38 7 this this DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 38 8 transmission transmission NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 38 9 rate rate NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 38 10 is be VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 38 11 reduced reduce VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 38 12 to to IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 38 13 0 0 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 38 14 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 39 1 The the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 39 2 changes change NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 39 3 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 39 4 model model NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 39 5 variables variable NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 39 6 over over IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 39 7 time time NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 39 8 are be VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 39 9 given give VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 39 10 by by IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 39 11 : : : cord-290719-ab71pz6v 39 12 The the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 39 13 model model NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 39 14 assumes assume VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 39 15 that that IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 39 16 every every DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 39 17 day day NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 39 18 each each DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 39 19 infectious infectious JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 39 20 individual individual NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 39 21 can can MD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 39 22 infect infect VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 39 23 another another DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 39 24 person person NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 39 25 with with IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 39 26 probability probability NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 39 27 β β NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 39 28 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 40 1 Hence hence RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 40 2 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 40 3 number number NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 40 4 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 40 5 people people NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 40 6 becoming become VBG cord-290719-ab71pz6v 40 7 presymtomatic presymtomatic NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 40 8 is be VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 40 9 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 40 10 random random JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 40 11 variable variable NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 40 12 with with IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 40 13 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 40 14 binomial binomial JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 40 15 distribution distribution NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 40 16 B b NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 40 17 : : : cord-290719-ab71pz6v 41 1 2 2 LS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 41 2 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 42 1 CC CC NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 42 2 - - : cord-290719-ab71pz6v 42 3 BY by IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 42 4 4.0 4.0 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 42 5 International international JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 42 6 license license NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 43 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 43 2 is be VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 43 3 made make VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 43 4 available available JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 43 5 under under IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 43 6 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 43 7 author author NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 43 8 / / SYM cord-290719-ab71pz6v 43 9 funder funder NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 43 10 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 43 11 who who WP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 43 12 has have VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 43 13 granted grant VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 43 14 medRxiv medRxiv NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 43 15 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 43 16 license license NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 43 17 to to TO cord-290719-ab71pz6v 43 18 display display VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 43 19 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 43 20 preprint preprint NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 43 21 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 43 22 perpetuity perpetuity NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 43 23 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 44 1 is be VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 44 2 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 44 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 44 4 which which WDT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 44 5 was be VBD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 44 6 not not RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 44 7 peer peer NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 44 8 - - HYPH cord-290719-ab71pz6v 44 9 reviewed review VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 44 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 45 1 The the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 45 2 copyright copyright NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 45 3 holder holder NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 45 4 for for IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 45 5 this this DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 45 6 preprint preprint NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 45 7 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 46 1 https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.20.20073304 https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.20.20073304 NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 46 2 doi doi NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 46 3 : : : cord-290719-ab71pz6v 47 1 medRxiv medRxiv NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 47 2 preprint preprint NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 48 1 Additionally additionally RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 48 2 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 48 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 48 4 assume assume VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 48 5 that that IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 48 6 presymptomatic presymptomatic JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 48 7 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 48 8 infectious infectious JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 48 9 people people NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 48 10 progress progress VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 48 11 to to IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 48 12 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 48 13 next next JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 48 14 state state NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 48 15 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 48 16 Figure figure NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 48 17 1A 1a NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 48 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 48 19 i.e. i.e. FW cord-290719-ab71pz6v 48 20 infectious infectious JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 48 21 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 48 22 reported report VBD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 48 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 48 24 with with IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 48 25 probabilities probability NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 48 26 σ σ NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 48 27 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 48 28 γ γ NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 48 29 respectively respectively RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 48 30 : : : cord-290719-ab71pz6v 48 31 Estimating estimate VBG cord-290719-ab71pz6v 48 32 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 48 33 probability probability NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 48 34 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 48 35 being be VBG cord-290719-ab71pz6v 48 36 virus virus NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 48 37 free free JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 48 38 We -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 48 39 wish wish VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 48 40 to to TO cord-290719-ab71pz6v 48 41 compute compute VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 48 42 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 48 43 probability probability NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 48 44 distribution distribution NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 48 45 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 48 46 variables variable NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 48 47 E e NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 48 48 t t NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 49 1 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 49 2 I -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 49 3 t t VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 49 4 given give VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 49 5 data datum NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 49 6 on on IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 49 7 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 49 8 number number NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 49 9 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 49 10 reported report VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 49 11 cases case NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 49 12 upto upto IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 49 13 day day NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 49 14 t t NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 49 15 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 49 16 which which WDT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 49 17 we -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 49 18 denote denote VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 49 19 by by IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 49 20 ∆R ∆R NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 49 21 1 1 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 50 1 : : : cord-290719-ab71pz6v 50 2 t t NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 50 3 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 51 1 According accord VBG cord-290719-ab71pz6v 51 2 to to IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 51 3 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 51 4 definition definition NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 51 5 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 51 6 conditional conditional JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 51 7 probability probability NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 51 8 : : : cord-290719-ab71pz6v 51 9 where where WRB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 51 10 To to TO cord-290719-ab71pz6v 51 11 compute compute VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 51 12 P p NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 51 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 51 14 E e NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 51 15 t t NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 51 16 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 51 17 I -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 51 18 t t NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 52 1 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 52 2 ∆R ∆r FW cord-290719-ab71pz6v 52 3 1 1 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 53 1 : : : cord-290719-ab71pz6v 53 2 t t LS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 53 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 53 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 53 5 take take VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 53 6 advantage advantage NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 53 7 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 53 8 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 53 9 fact fact NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 53 10 that that IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 53 11 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 53 12 dependencies dependency NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 53 13 between between IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 53 14 variables variable NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 53 15 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 53 16 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 53 17 model model NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 53 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 53 19 Figure figure NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 53 20 1B 1b CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 53 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 53 22 have have VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 53 23 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 53 24 similar similar JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 53 25 structure structure NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 53 26 as as IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 53 27 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 53 28 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 53 29 hidden hidden JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 53 30 Markov Markov NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 53 31 model model NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 53 32 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 53 33 so so IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 53 34 this this DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 53 35 probability probability NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 53 36 can can MD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 53 37 be be VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 53 38 computed compute VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 53 39 recursively recursively RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 53 40 using use VBG cord-290719-ab71pz6v 53 41 an an DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 53 42 algorithm algorithm NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 53 43 analogous analogous JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 53 44 to to IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 53 45 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 53 46 forward forward JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 53 47 algorithm algorithm NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 53 48 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 54 1 Thus thus RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 54 2 this this DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 54 3 probability probability NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 54 4 can can MD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 54 5 be be VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 54 6 decomposed decompose VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 54 7 into into IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 54 8 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 54 9 sum sum NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 54 10 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 54 11 probabilities probability NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 54 12 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 54 13 disjoint disjoint JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 54 14 events event NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 54 15 : : : cord-290719-ab71pz6v 55 1 3 3 LS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 55 2 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 56 1 CC CC NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 56 2 - - : cord-290719-ab71pz6v 56 3 BY by IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 56 4 4.0 4.0 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 56 5 International international JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 56 6 license license NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 57 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 57 2 is be VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 57 3 made make VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 57 4 available available JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 57 5 under under IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 57 6 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 57 7 author author NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 57 8 / / SYM cord-290719-ab71pz6v 57 9 funder funder NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 57 10 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 57 11 who who WP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 57 12 has have VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 57 13 granted grant VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 57 14 medRxiv medRxiv NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 57 15 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 57 16 license license NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 57 17 to to TO cord-290719-ab71pz6v 57 18 display display VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 57 19 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 57 20 preprint preprint NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 57 21 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 57 22 perpetuity perpetuity NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 57 23 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 58 1 is be VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 58 2 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 58 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 58 4 which which WDT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 58 5 was be VBD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 58 6 not not RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 58 7 peer peer NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 58 8 - - HYPH cord-290719-ab71pz6v 58 9 reviewed review VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 58 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 59 1 The the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 59 2 copyright copyright NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 59 3 holder holder NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 59 4 for for IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 59 5 this this DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 59 6 preprint preprint NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 59 7 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 60 1 https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.20.20073304 https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.20.20073304 NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 60 2 doi doi NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 60 3 : : : cord-290719-ab71pz6v 61 1 medRxiv medRxiv NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 61 2 preprint preprint NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 61 3 Using use VBG cord-290719-ab71pz6v 61 4 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 61 5 definition definition NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 61 6 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 61 7 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 61 8 conditional conditional JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 61 9 probability probability NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 61 10 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 61 11 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 61 12 probability probability NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 61 13 on on IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 61 14 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 61 15 right right JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 61 16 hand hand NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 61 17 side side NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 61 18 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 61 19 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 61 20 above above JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 61 21 equation equation NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 61 22 can can MD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 61 23 be be VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 61 24 written write VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 61 25 as as IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 61 26 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 61 27 chain chain NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 61 28 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 61 29 conditional conditional JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 61 30 probabilities probability NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 61 31 : : : cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 1 Noting note VBG cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 2 that that IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 3 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 4 variables variable NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 5 depend depend VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 6 only only RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 7 on on IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 8 subset subset NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 9 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 10 variables variable NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 11 as as IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 12 illustrated illustrate VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 13 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 14 Figure figure NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 15 1B 1b CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 16 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 17 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 18 above above JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 19 expression expression NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 20 can can MD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 21 be be VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 22 simplified simplify VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 23 to to IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 24 : : : cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 25 To to TO cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 26 compute compute VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 27 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 28 term term NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 29 on on IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 30 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 31 right right JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 32 hand hand NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 33 side side NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 34 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 35 Equation Equation NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 36 12 12 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 37 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 38 we -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 39 note note VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 40 that that IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 41 E e NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 42 t t NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 43 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 44 I i NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 45 t t NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 46 are be VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 47 determined determine VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 48 by by IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 49 changes change NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 50 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 51 these these DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 52 variables variable NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 53 ( ( -LRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 54 Equations equation NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 55 1 1 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 56 - - SYM cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 57 2 2 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 58 ) ) -RRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 62 59 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 63 1 To to TO cord-290719-ab71pz6v 63 2 find find VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 63 3 how how WRB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 63 4 ∆E ∆E NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 63 5 t t NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 63 6 is be VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 63 7 related relate VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 63 8 with with IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 63 9 other other JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 63 10 variables variable NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 63 11 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 63 12 we -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 63 13 can can MD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 63 14 add add VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 63 15 Equations equation NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 63 16 1 1 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 63 17 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 63 18 2 2 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 63 19 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 63 20 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 63 21 we -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 63 22 get get VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 63 23 : : : cord-290719-ab71pz6v 64 1 Using use VBG cord-290719-ab71pz6v 64 2 Equations Equations NNPS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 64 3 15 15 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 64 4 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 64 5 2 2 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 64 6 - - SYM cord-290719-ab71pz6v 64 7 5 5 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 64 8 we -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 64 9 obtain obtain VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 64 10 : : : cord-290719-ab71pz6v 65 1 The the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 65 2 above above JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 65 3 formula formula NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 65 4 allows allow VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 65 5 recursively recursively RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 65 6 computing compute VBG cord-290719-ab71pz6v 65 7 P p NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 65 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 65 9 E e NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 65 10 t t NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 65 11 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 65 12 I -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 65 13 t t NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 65 14 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 66 1 ∆R ∆R NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 66 2 1 1 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 66 3 : : : cord-290719-ab71pz6v 66 4 t t NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 66 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 66 6 from from IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 66 7 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 66 8 corresponding corresponding JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 66 9 probability probability NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 66 10 on on IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 66 11 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 66 12 previous previous JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 66 13 day day NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 66 14 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 67 1 In in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 67 2 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 67 3 presented present VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 67 4 analyses analysis NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 67 5 these these DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 67 6 probabilities probability NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 67 7 were be VBD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 67 8 computed compute VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 67 9 for for IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 67 10 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 67 11 values value NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 67 12 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 67 13 E e NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 67 14 t t NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 68 1 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 68 2 I -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 68 3 t t VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 68 4 from from IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 68 5 0 0 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 68 6 to to IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 68 7 n n NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 68 8 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 68 9 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 68 10 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 68 11 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 68 12 first first JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 68 13 step step NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 68 14 we -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 68 15 used use VBD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 68 16 uninformative uninformative JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 68 17 flat flat JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 68 18 prior prior RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 68 19 P p NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 69 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 69 2 E E NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 69 3 0 0 NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 69 4 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 69 5 I -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 69 6 0 0 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 69 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 69 8 = = NFP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 70 1 1 1 LS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 70 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 70 3 n+1 n+1 NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 70 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 70 5 2 2 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 70 6 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 71 1 Once once IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 71 2 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 71 3 joint joint JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 71 4 probability probability NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 71 5 P p NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 71 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 71 7 E e NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 71 8 t t NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 71 9 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 71 10 I -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 71 11 t t NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 71 12 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 71 13 ∆R ∆r JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 71 14 1 1 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 71 15 : : : cord-290719-ab71pz6v 71 16 t t NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 71 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 71 18 is be VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 71 19 computed compute VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 71 20 for for IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 71 21 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 71 22 last last JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 71 23 available available JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 71 24 day day NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 71 25 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 71 26 we -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 71 27 compute compute VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 71 28 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 71 29 posterior posterior JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 71 30 probability probability NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 71 31 from from IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 71 32 Equation Equation NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 71 33 6 6 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 71 34 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 71 35 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 71 36 report report VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 71 37 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 71 38 probability probability NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 71 39 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 71 40 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 71 41 population population NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 71 42 being be VBG cord-290719-ab71pz6v 71 43 virus virus NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 71 44 free free JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 71 45 P p NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 71 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 71 47 E e NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 71 48 t t NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 71 49 = = NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 71 50 0 0 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 72 1 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 72 2 I -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 72 3 t t NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 72 4 = = SYM cord-290719-ab71pz6v 72 5 0|∆R 0|∆r CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 72 6 1 1 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 72 7 : : : cord-290719-ab71pz6v 72 8 t t NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 72 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 72 10 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 73 1 To to TO cord-290719-ab71pz6v 73 2 perform perform VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 73 3 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 73 4 calculation calculation NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 73 5 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 73 6 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 73 7 previous previous JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 73 8 section section NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 73 9 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 73 10 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 73 11 values value NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 73 12 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 73 13 parameters parameter NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 73 14 β β NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 73 15 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 73 16 σ σ NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 73 17 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 73 18 γ γ NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 73 19 need need VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 73 20 to to TO cord-290719-ab71pz6v 73 21 be be VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 73 22 known know VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 73 23 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 74 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 74 2 set set VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 74 3 σ σ NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 74 4 = = SYM cord-290719-ab71pz6v 74 5 0.2 0.2 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 74 6 since since IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 74 7 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 74 8 average average JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 74 9 incubation incubation NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 74 10 period period NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 74 11 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 74 12 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 74 13 is be VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 74 14 around around RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 74 15 5 5 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 74 16 days day NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 74 17 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 75 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 75 2 assume assume VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 75 3 that that IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 75 4 β β NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 75 5 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 75 6 γ γ NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 75 7 are be VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 75 8 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 75 9 same same JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 75 10 for for IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 75 11 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 75 12 whole whole JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 75 13 New New NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 75 14 Zealand Zealand NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 75 15 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 76 1 To to TO cord-290719-ab71pz6v 76 2 estimate estimate VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 76 3 β β NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 76 4 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 76 5 γ γ NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 76 6 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 76 7 4 4 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 76 8 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 77 1 CC CC NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 77 2 - - : cord-290719-ab71pz6v 77 3 BY by IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 77 4 4.0 4.0 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 77 5 International international JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 77 6 license license NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 78 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 78 2 is be VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 78 3 made make VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 78 4 available available JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 78 5 under under IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 78 6 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 78 7 author author NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 78 8 / / SYM cord-290719-ab71pz6v 78 9 funder funder NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 78 10 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 78 11 who who WP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 78 12 has have VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 78 13 granted grant VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 78 14 medRxiv medRxiv NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 78 15 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 78 16 license license NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 78 17 to to TO cord-290719-ab71pz6v 78 18 display display VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 78 19 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 78 20 preprint preprint NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 78 21 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 78 22 perpetuity perpetuity NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 78 23 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 79 1 we -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 79 2 find find VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 79 3 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 79 4 values value NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 79 5 which which WDT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 79 6 maximize maximize VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 79 7 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 79 8 product product NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 79 9 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 79 10 probabilities probability NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 79 11 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 79 12 observed observed JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 79 13 data datum NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 79 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 79 15 Equation Equation NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 79 16 7 7 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 79 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 79 18 across across IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 79 19 DHB DHB NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 79 20 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 80 1 This this DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 80 2 maximum maximum NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 80 3 is be VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 80 4 found find VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 80 5 through through IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 80 6 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 80 7 numerical numerical JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 80 8 optimization optimization NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 80 9 employing employ VBG cord-290719-ab71pz6v 80 10 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 80 11 simplex simplex NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 80 12 algorithm algorithm NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 80 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 80 14 4 4 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 80 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 80 16 with with IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 80 17 initial initial JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 80 18 values value NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 80 19 β β XX cord-290719-ab71pz6v 80 20 = = SYM cord-290719-ab71pz6v 80 21 γ γ NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 80 22 = = SYM cord-290719-ab71pz6v 80 23 0.3 0.3 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 80 24 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 81 1 To to TO cord-290719-ab71pz6v 81 2 assess assess VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 81 3 accuracy accuracy NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 81 4 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 81 5 this this DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 81 6 parameter parameter NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 81 7 estimation estimation NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 81 8 procedure procedure NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 81 9 we -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 81 10 tested test VBD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 81 11 if if IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 81 12 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 81 13 correct correct JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 81 14 values value NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 81 15 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 81 16 parameters parameter NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 81 17 can can MD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 81 18 be be VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 81 19 recovered recover VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 81 20 from from IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 81 21 artificially artificially RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 81 22 generated generate VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 81 23 data datum NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 81 24 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 82 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 82 2 generated generate VBD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 82 3 20 20 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 82 4 artificial artificial JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 82 5 datasets dataset NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 82 6 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 82 7 each each DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 82 8 containing contain VBG cord-290719-ab71pz6v 82 9 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 82 10 similar similar JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 82 11 amount amount NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 82 12 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 82 13 data datum NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 82 14 that that WDT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 82 15 is be VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 82 16 available available JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 82 17 on on IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 82 18 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 82 19 current current JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 82 20 history history NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 82 21 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 82 22 cases case NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 82 23 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 82 24 New New NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 82 25 Zealand Zealand NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 82 26 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 83 1 For for IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 83 2 each each DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 83 3 dataset dataset NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 83 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 83 5 randomly randomly RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 83 6 generated generate VBD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 83 7 γ γ NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 83 8 from from IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 83 9 uniform uniform JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 83 10 distribution distribution NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 83 11 between between IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 83 12 0.1 0.1 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 83 13 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 83 14 0.4 0.4 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 83 15 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 83 16 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 83 17 generated generate VBD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 83 18 β β NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 83 19 from from IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 83 20 uniform uniform JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 83 21 distribution distribution NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 83 22 between between IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 83 23 0.05 0.05 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 83 24 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 83 25 γ γ NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 83 26 + + CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 83 27 0.05 0.05 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 83 28 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 84 1 With with IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 84 2 these these DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 84 3 parameters parameter NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 84 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 84 5 generated generate VBD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 84 6 20 20 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 84 7 sequences sequence NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 84 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 84 9 corresponding correspond VBG cord-290719-ab71pz6v 84 10 to to IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 84 11 20 20 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 84 12 DHB DHB NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 84 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 84 14 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 84 15 ∆R ∆R NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 84 16 t t NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 84 17 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 85 1 For for IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 85 2 each each DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 85 3 DHB DHB NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 85 4 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 85 5 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 85 6 initial initial JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 85 7 numbers number NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 85 8 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 85 9 presymptomatic presymptomatic JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 85 10 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 85 11 infectious infectious JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 85 12 individuals individual NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 85 13 E e NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 85 14 0 0 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 86 1 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 86 2 I -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 86 3 0 0 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 86 4 were be VBD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 86 5 generated generate VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 86 6 from from IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 86 7 uniform uniform JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 86 8 distribution distribution NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 86 9 between between IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 86 10 1 1 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 86 11 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 86 12 10 10 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 86 13 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 87 1 The the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 87 2 model model NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 87 3 was be VBD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 87 4 then then RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 87 5 simulated simulate VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 87 6 for for IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 87 7 21 21 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 87 8 days day NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 87 9 according accord VBG cord-290719-ab71pz6v 87 10 to to IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 87 11 Equations Equations NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 87 12 1 1 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 87 13 - - SYM cord-290719-ab71pz6v 87 14 5 5 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 87 15 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 88 1 For for IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 88 2 each each DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 88 3 dataset dataset NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 88 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 88 5 estimated estimate VBD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 88 6 β β NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 88 7 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 88 8 γ γ NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 88 9 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 88 10 compared compare VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 88 11 with with IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 88 12 true true JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 88 13 values value NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 88 14 from from IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 88 15 which which WDT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 88 16 data datum NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 88 17 were be VBD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 88 18 generated generate VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 88 19 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 89 1 Left left JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 89 2 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 89 3 middle middle JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 89 4 displays display NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 89 5 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 89 6 Figure figure NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 89 7 2 2 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 89 8 compare compare VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 89 9 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 89 10 estimated estimate VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 89 11 values value NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 89 12 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 89 13 parameters parameter NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 89 14 with with IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 89 15 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 89 16 true true JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 89 17 values value NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 89 18 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 90 1 There there EX cord-290719-ab71pz6v 90 2 is be VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 90 3 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 90 4 significant significant JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 90 5 correlation correlation NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 90 6 between between IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 90 7 true true JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 90 8 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 90 9 recovered recovered JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 90 10 values value NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 90 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 90 12 for for IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 90 13 β β NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 90 14 : : : cord-290719-ab71pz6v 90 15 r r NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 90 16 = = SYM cord-290719-ab71pz6v 90 17 0.85 0.85 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 90 18 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 90 19 p p NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 90 20 < < XX cord-290719-ab71pz6v 90 21 0.01 0.01 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 90 22 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 90 23 for for IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 90 24 γ γ NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 90 25 : : : cord-290719-ab71pz6v 91 1 r r LS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 91 2 = = SYM cord-290719-ab71pz6v 91 3 0.86 0.86 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 91 4 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 91 5 p p NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 91 6 < < XX cord-290719-ab71pz6v 91 7 0.01 0.01 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 91 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 91 9 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 92 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 92 2 there there EX cord-290719-ab71pz6v 92 3 is be VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 92 4 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 92 5 bias bias NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 92 6 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 92 7 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 92 8 estimation estimation NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 92 9 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 93 1 The the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 93 2 direction direction NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 93 3 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 93 4 this this DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 93 5 bias bias NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 93 6 is be VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 93 7 not not RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 93 8 consistent consistent JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 93 9 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 93 10 but but CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 93 11 depends depend VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 93 12 on on IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 93 13 simulation simulation NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 93 14 parameters parameter NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 93 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 93 16 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 93 17 recovery recovery NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 93 18 presented present VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 93 19 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 93 20 Figure figure NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 93 21 2 2 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 93 22 was be VBD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 93 23 done do VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 93 24 with with IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 93 25 n n NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 93 26 = = SYM cord-290719-ab71pz6v 93 27 10 10 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 93 28 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 93 29 but but CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 93 30 for for IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 93 31 n n NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 93 32 = = SYM cord-290719-ab71pz6v 93 33 20 20 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 93 34 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 93 35 bias bias NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 93 36 is be VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 93 37 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 93 38 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 93 39 opposite opposite JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 93 40 direction direction NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 93 41 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 93 42 not not RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 93 43 shown show VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 93 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 93 45 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 94 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 94 2 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 94 3 right right JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 94 4 display display NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 94 5 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 94 6 Figure figure NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 94 7 2 2 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 94 8 shows show VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 94 9 that that IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 94 10 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 94 11 difference difference NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 94 12 between between IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 94 13 parameters parameter NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 94 14 is be VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 94 15 accurately accurately RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 94 16 estimated estimate VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 94 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 94 18 r r NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 94 19 = = SYM cord-290719-ab71pz6v 94 20 0.97 0.97 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 94 21 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 94 22 p p NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 94 23 < < XX cord-290719-ab71pz6v 94 24 0.01 0.01 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 94 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 94 26 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 95 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 95 2 is be VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 95 3 not not RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 95 4 surprising surprising JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 95 5 that that IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 95 6 this this DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 95 7 difference difference NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 95 8 is be VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 95 9 recovered recover VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 95 10 more more RBR cord-290719-ab71pz6v 95 11 accurately accurately RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 95 12 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 95 13 because because IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 95 14 it -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 95 15 determines determine VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 95 16 whether whether IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 95 17 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 95 18 number number NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 95 19 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 95 20 cases case NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 95 21 increases increase NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 95 22 or or CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 95 23 decreases decrease NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 95 24 over over IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 95 25 days day NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 95 26 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 95 27 which which WDT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 95 28 is be VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 95 29 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 95 30 salient salient JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 95 31 feature feature NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 95 32 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 95 33 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 95 34 data datum NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 95 35 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 96 1 By by IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 96 2 contrast contrast NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 96 3 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 96 4 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 96 5 individual individual JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 96 6 values value NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 96 7 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 96 8 β β NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 96 9 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 96 10 γ γ NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 96 11 influence influence VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 96 12 less less RBR cord-290719-ab71pz6v 96 13 salient salient JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 96 14 features feature NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 96 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 96 16 e.g. e.g. RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 96 17 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 96 18 probability probability NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 96 19 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 96 20 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 96 21 case case NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 96 22 after after IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 96 23 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 96 24 long long JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 96 25 period period NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 96 26 with with IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 96 27 no no DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 96 28 cases case NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 96 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 96 30 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 96 31 so so IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 96 32 they -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 96 33 are be VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 96 34 more more RBR cord-290719-ab71pz6v 96 35 difficult difficult JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 96 36 to to TO cord-290719-ab71pz6v 96 37 estimate estimate VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 96 38 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 97 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 97 2 estimated estimate VBD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 97 3 model model NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 97 4 parameters parameter NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 97 5 using use VBG cord-290719-ab71pz6v 97 6 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 97 7 method method NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 97 8 described describe VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 97 9 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 97 10 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 97 11 previous previous JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 97 12 section section NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 97 13 with with IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 97 14 parameter parameter NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 97 15 n n NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 97 16 = = SYM cord-290719-ab71pz6v 97 17 40 40 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 97 18 on on IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 97 19 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 97 20 basis basis NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 97 21 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 97 22 data datum NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 97 23 available available JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 97 24 at at IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 97 25 : : : cord-290719-ab71pz6v 98 1 https://www.health.govt.nz/ourwork/diseases-and-conditions/covid-19-novel-coronavirus/covid-19-current-situation/covid-19-5 https://www.health.govt.nz/ourwork/diseases-and-conditions/covid-19-novel-coronavirus/covid-19-current-situation/covid-19-5 NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 98 2 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 99 1 CC CC NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 99 2 - - : cord-290719-ab71pz6v 99 3 BY by IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 99 4 4.0 4.0 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 99 5 International international JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 99 6 license license NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 100 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 100 2 is be VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 100 3 made make VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 100 4 available available JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 100 5 under under IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 100 6 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 100 7 author author NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 100 8 / / SYM cord-290719-ab71pz6v 100 9 funder funder NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 100 10 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 100 11 who who WP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 100 12 has have VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 100 13 granted grant VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 100 14 medRxiv medRxiv NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 100 15 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 100 16 license license NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 100 17 to to TO cord-290719-ab71pz6v 100 18 display display VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 100 19 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 100 20 preprint preprint NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 100 21 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 100 22 perpetuity perpetuity NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 100 23 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 101 1 is be VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 101 2 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 101 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 101 4 which which WDT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 101 5 was be VBD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 101 6 not not RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 101 7 peer peer NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 101 8 - - HYPH cord-290719-ab71pz6v 101 9 reviewed review VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 101 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 102 1 The the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 102 2 copyright copyright NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 102 3 holder holder NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 102 4 for for IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 102 5 this this DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 102 6 preprint preprint NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 102 7 current current JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 102 8 - - : cord-290719-ab71pz6v 102 9 cases/. cases/. JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 102 10 Form form NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 102 11 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 102 12 available available JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 102 13 data datum NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 102 14 we -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 102 15 extracted extract VBD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 102 16 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 102 17 number number NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 102 18 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 102 19 cases case NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 102 20 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 102 21 each each DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 102 22 DHB DHB NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 102 23 on on IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 102 24 each each DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 102 25 day day NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 102 26 between between IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 102 27 25 25 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 102 28 March March NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 102 29 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 102 30 18 18 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 102 31 April April NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 102 32 2020 2020 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 102 33 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 103 1 Subsequently subsequently RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 103 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 103 3 used use VBD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 103 4 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 103 5 fitted fit VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 103 6 model model NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 103 7 to to TO cord-290719-ab71pz6v 103 8 predict predict VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 103 9 probability probability NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 103 10 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 103 11 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 103 12 population population NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 103 13 being be VBG cord-290719-ab71pz6v 103 14 virus virus NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 103 15 free free JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 103 16 P p NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 103 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 103 18 E e NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 103 19 t t NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 103 20 = = SYM cord-290719-ab71pz6v 103 21 0 0 NFP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 103 22 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 103 23 I -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 103 24 t t NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 103 25 = = SYM cord-290719-ab71pz6v 103 26 0|∆R 0|∆r CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 103 27 1 1 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 103 28 : : : cord-290719-ab71pz6v 103 29 t t NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 103 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 103 31 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 1 To to TO cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 2 avoid avoid VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 3 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 4 influence influence NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 5 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 6 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 7 prior prior JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 8 probability probability NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 10 that that DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 11 was be VBD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 12 set set VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 13 arbitrarily arbitrarily RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 15 on on IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 16 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 17 estimate estimate NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 18 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 19 for for IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 20 each each DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 21 DHB DHB NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 22 model model NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 23 was be VBD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 24 additionally additionally RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 25 run run VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 26 on on IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 27 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 28 first first JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 29 week week NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 30 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 31 data datum NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 32 10 10 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 33 times time NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 34 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 35 i.e. i.e. FW cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 36 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 37 model model NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 38 was be VBD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 39 estimating estimate VBG cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 40 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 41 probability probability NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 42 on on IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 43 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 44 basis basis NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 45 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 46 extended extended JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 47 sequence sequence NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 48 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 49 new new JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 50 cases case NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 51 composed compose VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 52 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 53 : : : cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 54 [ [ -LRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 55 ∆R ∆R VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 56 1:7 1:7 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 57 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 58 ∆R ∆R VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 59 1:7 1:7 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 60 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 61 ∆R ∆R VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 62 1:7 1:7 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 63 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 64 ∆R ∆R VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 65 1:7 1:7 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 66 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 67 ∆R ∆R VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 68 1:7 1:7 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 69 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 70 ∆R ∆R VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 71 1:7 1:7 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 72 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 73 ∆R ∆R VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 74 1:7 1:7 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 75 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 76 ∆R ∆R VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 77 1:7 1:7 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 78 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 79 ∆R ∆R VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 80 1:7 1:7 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 81 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 82 ∆R ∆R VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 83 1 1 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 84 : : : cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 85 t t NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 86 ] ] -RRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 104 87 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 105 1 Due due IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 105 2 to to IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 105 3 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 105 4 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 105 5 estimates estimate NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 105 6 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 105 7 individual individual JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 105 8 parameters parameter NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 105 9 β β NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 105 10 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 105 11 γ γ NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 105 12 seen see VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 105 13 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 105 14 Figure figure NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 105 15 2 2 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 105 16 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 105 17 we -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 105 18 additionally additionally RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 105 19 estimated estimate VBD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 105 20 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 105 21 probabilities probability NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 105 22 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 105 23 being be VBG cord-290719-ab71pz6v 105 24 virus virus NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 105 25 free free JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 105 26 using use VBG cord-290719-ab71pz6v 105 27 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 105 28 model model NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 105 29 with with IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 105 30 β β NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 105 31 = = SYM cord-290719-ab71pz6v 105 32 0.1 0.1 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 105 33 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 105 34 β β NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 105 35 = = SYM cord-290719-ab71pz6v 105 36 0.4 0.4 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 105 37 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 105 38 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 105 39 parameter parameter NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 105 40 γ γ NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 105 41 set set VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 105 42 on on IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 105 43 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 105 44 basis basis NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 105 45 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 105 46 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 105 47 estimated estimate VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 105 48 difference difference NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 105 49 γ γ NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 105 50 − − NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 105 51 β β NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 105 52 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 106 1 On on IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 106 2 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 106 3 basis basis NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 106 4 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 106 5 data datum NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 106 6 on on IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 106 7 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 106 8 number number NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 106 9 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 106 10 cases case NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 106 11 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 106 12 New New NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 106 13 Zealand Zealand NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 106 14 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 106 15 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 106 16 period period NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 106 17 from from IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 106 18 25 25 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 106 19 March March NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 106 20 to to IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 106 21 18 18 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 106 22 April April NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 106 23 2020 2020 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 106 24 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 106 25 we -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 106 26 estimated estimate VBD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 106 27 parameters parameter NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 106 28 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 106 29 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 106 30 model model NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 106 31 as as IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 106 32 β β NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 106 33 = = SYM cord-290719-ab71pz6v 106 34 0.26 0.26 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 106 35 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 106 36 γ γ NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 106 37 = = SYM cord-290719-ab71pz6v 106 38 0.42 0.42 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 106 39 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 107 1 The the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 107 2 lower low JJR cord-290719-ab71pz6v 107 3 value value NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 107 4 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 107 5 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 107 6 rate rate NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 107 7 with with IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 107 8 which which WDT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 107 9 individuals individual NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 107 10 become become VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 107 11 infected infected JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 107 12 β β NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 107 13 than than IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 107 14 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 107 15 rate rate NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 107 16 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 107 17 which which WDT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 107 18 cases case NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 107 19 are be VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 107 20 reported report VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 107 21 γ γ NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 107 22 corresponds correspond VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 107 23 to to IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 107 24 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 107 25 decreasing decrease VBG cord-290719-ab71pz6v 107 26 number number NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 107 27 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 107 28 cases case NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 107 29 over over IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 107 30 this this DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 107 31 period period NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 107 32 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 108 1 Table table NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 108 2 1 1 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 108 3 gives give VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 108 4 estimated estimated JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 108 5 probability probability NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 108 6 that that IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 108 7 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 108 8 virus virus NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 108 9 has have VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 108 10 been be VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 108 11 eradicated eradicate VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 108 12 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 108 13 individual individual JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 108 14 DHBs dhb NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 108 15 6 6 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 108 16 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 109 1 CC CC NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 109 2 - - : cord-290719-ab71pz6v 109 3 BY by IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 109 4 4.0 4.0 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 109 5 International international JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 109 6 license license NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 110 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 110 2 is be VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 110 3 made make VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 110 4 available available JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 110 5 under under IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 110 6 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 110 7 author author NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 110 8 / / SYM cord-290719-ab71pz6v 110 9 funder funder NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 110 10 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 110 11 who who WP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 110 12 has have VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 110 13 granted grant VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 110 14 medRxiv medRxiv NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 110 15 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 110 16 license license NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 110 17 to to TO cord-290719-ab71pz6v 110 18 display display VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 110 19 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 110 20 preprint preprint NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 110 21 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 110 22 perpetuity perpetuity NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 110 23 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 111 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 111 2 column column NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 111 3 Pβ Pβ NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 111 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 111 5 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 112 1 This this DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 112 2 probability probability NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 112 3 is be VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 112 4 highly highly RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 112 5 correlated correlate VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 112 6 with with IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 112 7 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 112 8 number number NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 112 9 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 112 10 days day NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 112 11 with with IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 112 12 no no DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 112 13 new new JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 112 14 cases case NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 112 15 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 112 16 also also RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 112 17 given give VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 112 18 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 112 19 Table Table NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 112 20 1 1 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 112 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 112 22 r r NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 112 23 = = SYM cord-290719-ab71pz6v 112 24 0.90 0.90 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 112 25 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 112 26 p p NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 112 27 < < XX cord-290719-ab71pz6v 112 28 0.01 0.01 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 112 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 112 30 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 113 1 This this DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 113 2 relationship relationship NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 113 3 is be VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 113 4 also also RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 113 5 illustrated illustrate VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 113 6 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 113 7 Figure Figure NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 113 8 3 3 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 113 9 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 114 1 This this DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 114 2 relationship relationship NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 114 3 is be VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 114 4 not not RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 114 5 perfect perfect JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 114 6 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 114 7 for for IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 114 8 example example NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 114 9 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 114 10 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 114 11 estimate estimate NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 114 12 for for IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 114 13 Whanganui Whanganui NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 114 14 is be VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 114 15 44 44 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 114 16 % % NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 114 17 despite despite IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 114 18 only only RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 114 19 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 114 20 single single JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 114 21 day day NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 114 22 with with IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 114 23 no no DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 114 24 cases case NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 114 25 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 114 26 because because IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 114 27 this this DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 114 28 most most RBS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 114 29 recent recent JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 114 30 case case NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 114 31 was be VBD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 114 32 preceded precede VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 114 33 by by IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 114 34 14 14 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 114 35 days day NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 114 36 with with IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 114 37 no no DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 114 38 cases case NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 114 39 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 114 40 this this DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 114 41 DHB DHB NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 114 42 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 115 1 In in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 115 2 agreement agreement NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 115 3 with with IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 115 4 occurrence occurrence NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 115 5 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 115 6 cases case NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 115 7 after after IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 115 8 such such JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 115 9 long long JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 115 10 delays delay NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 115 11 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 115 12 even even RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 115 13 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 115 14 regions region NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 115 15 without without IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 115 16 cases case NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 115 17 for for IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 115 18 16 16 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 115 19 or or CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 115 20 17 17 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 115 21 days day NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 115 22 have have VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 115 23 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 115 24 probability probability NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 115 25 estimate estimate NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 115 26 around around IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 115 27 90 90 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 115 28 % % NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 115 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 115 30 rather rather RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 115 31 than than IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 115 32 100 100 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 115 33 % % NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 115 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 115 35 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 116 1 Two two CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 116 2 most most RBS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 116 3 right right JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 116 4 columns column NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 116 5 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 116 6 Table table NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 116 7 1 1 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 116 8 also also RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 116 9 list list VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 116 10 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 116 11 probabilities probability NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 116 12 computed compute VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 116 13 with with IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 116 14 values value NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 116 15 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 116 16 β β NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 116 17 differing differ VBG cord-290719-ab71pz6v 116 18 form form NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 116 19 that that WDT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 116 20 estimated estimate VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 116 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 116 22 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 116 23 γ γ NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 116 24 set set VBD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 116 25 to to TO cord-290719-ab71pz6v 116 26 preserve preserve VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 116 27 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 116 28 difference difference NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 116 29 between between IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 116 30 estimated estimate VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 116 31 γ γ NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 116 32 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 116 33 β β NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 116 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 116 35 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 117 1 These these DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 117 2 probabilities probability NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 117 3 do do VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 117 4 not not RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 117 5 differ differ VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 117 6 much much JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 117 7 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 117 8 suggesting suggest VBG cord-290719-ab71pz6v 117 9 that that IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 117 10 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 117 11 computation computation NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 117 12 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 117 13 these these DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 117 14 probabilities probability NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 117 15 is be VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 117 16 robust robust JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 117 17 to to IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 117 18 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 117 19 biases bias NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 117 20 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 117 21 parameter parameter NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 117 22 estimates estimate NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 117 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 117 24 Figure figure NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 117 25 2 2 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 117 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 117 27 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 118 1 This this DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 118 2 report report NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 118 3 presented present VBD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 118 4 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 118 5 method method NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 118 6 for for IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 118 7 estimating estimate VBG cord-290719-ab71pz6v 118 8 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 118 9 probability probability NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 118 10 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 118 11 regions region NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 118 12 being be VBG cord-290719-ab71pz6v 118 13 virus virus NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 118 14 free free JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 118 15 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 119 1 This this DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 119 2 probability probability NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 119 3 is be VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 119 4 highly highly RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 119 5 correlated correlate VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 119 6 with with IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 119 7 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 119 8 number number NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 119 9 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 119 10 days day NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 119 11 without without IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 119 12 cases case NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 119 13 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 119 14 suggesting suggest VBG cord-290719-ab71pz6v 119 15 that that IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 119 16 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 119 17 number number NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 119 18 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 119 19 case case NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 119 20 - - HYPH cord-290719-ab71pz6v 119 21 free free JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 119 22 days day NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 119 23 is be VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 119 24 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 119 25 useful useful JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 119 26 quantity quantity NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 119 27 to to TO cord-290719-ab71pz6v 119 28 consider consider VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 119 29 while while IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 119 30 making make VBG cord-290719-ab71pz6v 119 31 decisions decision NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 119 32 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 119 33 informing inform VBG cord-290719-ab71pz6v 119 34 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 119 35 public public NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 119 36 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 120 1 For for IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 120 2 example example NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 120 3 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 120 4 Figure figure NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 120 5 4 4 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 120 6 illustrates illustrate VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 120 7 how how WRB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 120 8 this this DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 120 9 quantity quantity NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 120 10 can can MD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 120 11 be be VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 120 12 visualized visualize VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 120 13 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 121 1 The the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 121 2 presented present VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 121 3 estimates estimate NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 121 4 have have VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 121 5 to to TO cord-290719-ab71pz6v 121 6 be be VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 121 7 treated treat VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 121 8 with with IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 121 9 great great JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 121 10 caution caution NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 121 11 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 121 12 because because IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 121 13 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 121 14 model model NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 121 15 made make VBD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 121 16 many many JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 121 17 simplifying simplify VBG cord-290719-ab71pz6v 121 18 assumptions assumption NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 121 19 which which WDT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 121 20 are be VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 121 21 not not RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 121 22 satisfied satisfied JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 121 23 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 121 24 practice practice NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 121 25 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 122 1 First first RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 122 2 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 122 3 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 122 4 model model NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 122 5 assumes assume VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 122 6 that that IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 122 7 all all DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 122 8 individuals individual NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 122 9 with with IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 122 10 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 122 11 are be VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 122 12 symptomatic symptomatic JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 122 13 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 122 14 identified identify VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 122 15 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 122 16 while while IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 122 17 another another DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 122 18 model model NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 122 19 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 122 20 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 122 21 spread spread NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 122 22 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 122 23 New New NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 122 24 Zealand Zealand NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 122 25 assumed assume VBD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 122 26 probability probability NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 122 27 0.33 0.33 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 122 28 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 122 29 individuals individual NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 122 30 being be VBG cord-290719-ab71pz6v 122 31 subclinical subclinical JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 122 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 122 33 5 5 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 122 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 122 35 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 123 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 123 2 has have VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 123 3 been be VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 123 4 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 123 5 that that IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 123 6 failing fail VBG cord-290719-ab71pz6v 123 7 to to TO cord-290719-ab71pz6v 123 8 detect detect VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 123 9 accurately accurately RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 123 10 cases case NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 123 11 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 123 12 disease disease NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 123 13 increases increase VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 123 14 7 7 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 123 15 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 124 1 CC CC NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 124 2 - - : cord-290719-ab71pz6v 124 3 BY by IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 124 4 4.0 4.0 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 124 5 International international JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 124 6 license license NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 125 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 125 2 is be VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 125 3 made make VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 125 4 available available JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 125 5 under under IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 125 6 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 125 7 author author NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 125 8 / / SYM cord-290719-ab71pz6v 125 9 funder funder NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 125 10 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 125 11 who who WP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 125 12 has have VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 125 13 granted grant VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 125 14 medRxiv medRxiv NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 125 15 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 125 16 license license NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 125 17 to to TO cord-290719-ab71pz6v 125 18 display display VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 125 19 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 125 20 preprint preprint NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 125 21 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 125 22 perpetuity perpetuity NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 125 23 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 126 1 is be VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 126 2 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 126 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 126 4 which which WDT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 126 5 was be VBD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 126 6 not not RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 126 7 peer peer NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 126 8 - - HYPH cord-290719-ab71pz6v 126 9 reviewed review VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 126 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 127 1 The the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 127 2 copyright copyright NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 127 3 holder holder NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 127 4 for for IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 127 5 this this DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 127 6 preprint preprint NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 127 7 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 128 1 https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.20.20073304 https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.20.20073304 NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 128 2 doi doi NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 128 3 : : : cord-290719-ab71pz6v 129 1 medRxiv medRxiv NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 129 2 preprint preprint VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 129 3 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 129 4 time time NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 129 5 one one CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 129 6 has have VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 129 7 to to TO cord-290719-ab71pz6v 129 8 observe observe VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 129 9 no no DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 129 10 new new JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 129 11 cases case NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 129 12 to to TO cord-290719-ab71pz6v 129 13 be be VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 129 14 sure sure JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 129 15 that that IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 129 16 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 129 17 disease disease NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 129 18 has have VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 129 19 been be VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 129 20 eradicated eradicate VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 129 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 129 22 6 6 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 129 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 129 24 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 2 according accord VBG cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 3 to to IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 4 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 5 website website NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 6 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 7 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 8 Ministry Ministry NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 9 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 10 Health Health NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 12 address address NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 13 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 14 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 15 Methods method NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 17 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 18 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 19 fraction fraction NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 20 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 21 cases case NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 22 due due JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 23 to to IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 24 community community NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 25 transmission transmission NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 27 4 4 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 28 % % NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 30 is be VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 31 much much RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 32 lower low JJR cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 33 than than IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 34 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 35 number number NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 36 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 37 cases case NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 38 due due JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 39 to to IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 40 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 41 contact contact NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 42 with with IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 43 known know VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 44 individual individual NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 46 54 54 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 47 % % NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 49 which which WDT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 50 suggests suggest VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 51 that that IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 52 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 53 majority majority NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 54 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 55 infectious infectious JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 56 individuals individual NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 57 is be VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 58 being be VBG cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 59 identified identify VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 60 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 61 New New NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 62 Zealand Zealand NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 130 63 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 131 1 Second second RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 131 2 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 131 3 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 131 4 model model NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 131 5 assumed assume VBD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 131 6 that that IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 131 7 once once IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 131 8 individuals individual NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 131 9 become become VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 131 10 diagnosed diagnose VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 131 11 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 131 12 they -PRON- PRP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 131 13 are be VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 131 14 isolated isolate VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 131 15 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 131 16 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 131 17 no no RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 131 18 longer longer RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 131 19 infect infect VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 131 20 others other NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 131 21 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 132 1 This this DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 132 2 assumption assumption NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 132 3 may may MD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 132 4 also also RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 132 5 be be VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 132 6 not not RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 132 7 satisfied satisfied JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 132 8 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 132 9 practice practice NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 132 10 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 1 Third third RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 2 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 3 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 4 model model NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 5 assumes assume VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 6 that that IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 7 there there EX cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 8 is be VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 9 no no DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 10 movement movement NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 11 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 12 individuals individual NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 13 between between IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 14 DHB DHB NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 15 while while IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 16 some some DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 17 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 18 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 19 DHB DHB NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 21 e.g. e.g. RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 22 Auckland Auckland NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 23 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 24 Waitemata Waitemata NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 26 include include VBP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 27 districts district NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 28 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 29 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 30 same same JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 31 city city NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 33 e.g. e.g. RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 34 Auckland Auckland NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 36 , , , cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 37 so so IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 38 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 39 assumptions assumption NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 40 on on IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 41 travel travel NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 42 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 43 individuals individual NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 44 between between IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 45 DHB DHB NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 46 could could MD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 47 to to TO cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 48 be be VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 49 included include VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 50 to to TO cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 51 refine refine VB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 52 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 53 model model NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 133 54 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 134 1 The the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 134 2 incubation incubation NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 134 3 period period NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 134 4 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 134 5 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 134 6 disease disease NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 134 7 2019 2019 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 134 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 134 9 covid-19 covid-19 NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 134 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-290719-ab71pz6v 134 11 from from IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 134 12 publicly publicly RB cord-290719-ab71pz6v 134 13 reported report VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 134 14 confirmed confirm VBN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 134 15 cases case NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 134 16 : : : cord-290719-ab71pz6v 134 17 estimation estimation NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 134 18 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 134 19 application application NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 134 20 Statistical statistical JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 134 21 inference inference NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 134 22 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 134 23 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 134 24 stochastic stochastic JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 134 25 epidemic epidemic NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 134 26 seir seir NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 134 27 model model NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 134 28 with with IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 134 29 control control NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 134 30 intervention intervention NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 134 31 : : : cord-290719-ab71pz6v 134 32 Ebola Ebola NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 134 33 as as IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 134 34 a a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 134 35 case case NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 134 36 study study NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 134 37 Suppression suppression NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 134 38 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 134 39 mitigation mitigation NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 134 40 strategies strategy NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 134 41 for for IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 134 42 control control NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 134 43 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 134 44 covid-19 covid-19 NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 134 45 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 134 46 new new NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 134 47 zealand zealand NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 134 48 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 135 1 medRxiv medRxiv NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 135 2 A a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 135 3 simplex simplex NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 135 4 method method NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 135 5 for for IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 135 6 function function NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 135 7 minimization minimization NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 135 8 A a DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 135 9 stochastic stochastic JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 135 10 model model NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 135 11 for for IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 135 12 covid-19 covid-19 NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 135 13 spread spread NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 135 14 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 135 15 the the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 135 16 effects effect NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 135 17 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 135 18 alert alert JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 135 19 level level NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 135 20 4 4 CD cord-290719-ab71pz6v 135 21 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 135 22 aotearoa aotearoa NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 135 23 new new NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 135 24 zealand zealand NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 135 25 . . . cord-290719-ab71pz6v 136 1 medRxiv medRxiv NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 136 2 Rigorous rigorous JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 136 3 surveillance surveillance NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 136 4 is be VBZ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 136 5 necessary necessary JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 136 6 for for IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 136 7 high high JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 136 8 confidence confidence NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 136 9 in in IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 136 10 end end NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 136 11 - - HYPH cord-290719-ab71pz6v 136 12 of of IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 136 13 - - HYPH cord-290719-ab71pz6v 136 14 outbreak outbreak NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 136 15 declarations declaration NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 136 16 for for IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 136 17 ebola ebola NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 136 18 and and CC cord-290719-ab71pz6v 136 19 other other JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 136 20 infectious infectious JJ cord-290719-ab71pz6v 136 21 diseases disease NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 137 1 The the DT cord-290719-ab71pz6v 137 2 author author NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 137 3 thanks thank NNS cord-290719-ab71pz6v 137 4 Medical Medical NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 137 5 Research Research NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 137 6 Council Council NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 137 7 UK UK NNP cord-290719-ab71pz6v 137 8 for for IN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 137 9 support support NN cord-290719-ab71pz6v 137 10 . . .