cord-000843-e1bn79ui	2011	The role of radiology includes (a) characterisation of sonographically indeterminate adnexal masses, (b) staging as guidance for surgery and treatment planning (including identification of sites of non optimal resectabilty) in suspected ovarian cancer, (c) assessment of recurrent disease, and (d) in selected cases image-guided biopsy. The association of multiple markers of structural and functional imaging (MRI and PET) and the use of advanced computational analysis techniques will allow better management of AD but it needs a broader validation and know the most efficient combination of biomarkers at each stage of the disease, including the preclinical period. Although the basic techniques for DCE-CT have been available for decades, more recently a range of technological advances have contributed to the greater applicability of perfusion CT in the clinical environment including wider CT detectors, shorter gantry rotation times, ''table-toggling'', radiation dose reduction and software corrections for image mis-registration due to respiratory or other patient motion.
cord-000977-ka4261wc	2013	Methods and Materials: Mean attenuation, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at abdominal aorta, right renal artery (RRA) and left renal artery (LRA) were measured in 24 kidney donors who had undergone CTA with tube current modulation, 120 kVp, filtered back projection reconstruction algorithm (Group A) and were compared with 24 BMI-matched kidney donors who had undergone CTA with automated kVp selection and SAFIRE (Group B Purpose: Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is a common cause of cognitive impairment. Overall average score of SSF reconstructed segments was significantly higher compared with STD reconstruction ( Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility and imaging quality of double prospectively ECG-triggered high-pitch spiral acquisition mode for coronary computed tomography angiography (CTCA) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).
cord-001221-due9tloa	2014	In short: obtaining samples for making an accurate diagnosis and also to know more about its specific biology (biomarkers); IR covers any possibility needed for vascular access; percutaneous needle ablation is the best alternative in selected patients; endovascular embolisation with "vehiculisation" of therapies is an outstanding method for selective treatment, and sometimes precise ablation, of different tumors; IR is a unique way to offer palliation in a wide range of tumoral complications, such as embolisation for bleeding, stenting for vein obstructions or drainage of fluid collections. CT may be useful for osteoid osteoma and MRI is the best imaging technique for further diagnosis and staging by displaying tumour composition and extent of bone marrow involvement, including skip lesions, presence and extent of extraosseous soft tissue mass, and involvement of neurovascular bundle, muscle compartments and adjacent joint.
cord-003095-m9hmv8c8	2018	Heterogeneity of the included studies were reviewed to select proper effect model for pooled weighted sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR). RESULTS: Forty-three studies related to diagnostic accuracy of MRI to detect early osteonecrosis of the femoral head were involved in the meta-analysis. Therefore, in this paper, a systematic review and meta-analysis of all qualified studies were performed to explore the diagnosis accuracy of MRI in early ANFH. The studies that met the following criteria were included in our review: (1) prospective cohort study or cross-sectional study; (2) the research objects are patients suspected with early osteonecrosis of the femoral head without other serious diseases; (3) the studies provided the data of true positive (TP), false positive (FP), false negative (FN), and true negative (TN); and (4) the publications were only available in English and Chinese. Comparative analysis of diagnostic value of X -ray, CT and MRI in early diagnosis of avascular necrosis of femoral head
cord-005105-twsy61oq	2015	Th e present study is based on a retrospective analysis of a database of over 600 patients (age range 17-57 years) who met the consensus criteria for bacterial prostatitis, 75% of whom had dysuria, 35% perineal discomfort, 60% had obstructive luts, 37% infertility of unknown etiology, 10% erectile dysfunction and 25% recurrent infection of the partner. Further research is needed to determine to assess whether localization of small volume disease on 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT can improve diagnostic algorithms and outcomes in patients with recurrent PCa. Introduction and Objective: To assess long-term results of salvage pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) in prostate cancer (PC) patients (pts) with biochemical recurrence aft er primary local treatment and confi rmed solitary lymph node (LN) metastases.
cord-006182-kck5e1ry	2019	The primary objective of COGiTATE (CppOpt GuIded Therapy Assessment of Target Effectiveness) is to demonstrate feasibility of individualising CPP at CPPopt in TBI patients, expressed as the percentage of monitoring time for which CPP is within 5 mmHg of regularly updated CPPopt targets during the first 5 days of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission. Neurocritical care has become increasingly subspecialized.Yet, due to limited availability of dedicated Neurocritical Care units (NCCUs), often patients may need to be admitted to ICUs other than NCCUs. This survey based study was conducted to explore self-reported knowledge in recognizing and managing some common neurological emergencies such as stroke, status epilepticus, raised intracranial pressure etc among critical care nurses at a Comprehensive Stroke Center. Coagulation factor Xa (recombinant), inactivated-Xa inhibitor associated life--factor prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) was utilized offRetrospective, single center, cohort study including adult intracranial hemorrhage patients who received discharge between efficacy (defined by International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis criteria), thrombotic events, ICU and hospital length of stay, and mortality.
cord-006828-i88on326	2013	Comparing gene expression profiles of yellow fever immunized individuals and active SLE patients it was possible to identify a "common" and an "autoimmune-specific" IFN signature. The inflammatory and profibrotic effects upon Aab stimulation in vitro, and their associations with clinical findings suggest a role for autoantibody-mediated activation of immune cells mediated through the AT1R and ETAR in the pathogenesis or even the onset of the disease. This study was aimed to investigate the humoral and cellular immune response to VZV including assessment of IgG-anti-VZV avidity and VZV-specific reactivity of lymphocytes in RA (n=56) or JIA patients (n=75) on different treatments, including biologic agents, such as anti-tumor-necrosis-factor(TNF)-alpha or anti-interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor inhibition (tocilizumab), compared to 37 healthy adults (HA) and 41 children (HC). Production of cytokines by B cells in response to TLR9 stimulation inversely correlates with disease activity in SLE-patients
cord-006849-vgjz74ts	2019	Methods: We are performing this procedures within a prospective randomized trial that is design to compare the long term results of LRYGB-B versus the standard laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.The video shows our technique in a case of a 46 years old female with a BMI of 46 Kg/m2. Material and methods: We present a video of the surgical intervention of a 32-year-old patient, with functional dyspepsia, with a casual diagnosis of a pseudocystic mass of the right colon after performing a CT scan: giant diverticulum of the hepatic colon angle with fecaloid content inside it under tension The patient goes to the emergency room for acute abdominal pain, pending colonoscopy, antibiotic treatment is established, and a laparoscopic approach is decided upon after the patient''s evolution. Method: We present the case of a 65-year-old patient with surgical antecedent of laparoscopic low anterior resection due to rectal cancer, presenting in postoperative period an anastomosis leakage with severe peritonitis was identified and a laparotomy with end colostomy was performed.
cord-006869-g2q1gpp0	2009	This was a pilot study to compare the cerebral neurochemical changes in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) who underwent conventional blood glucose level (BGL) control and intensive BGL control with continuous titrated insulin. We studied 14 comatose SAH patients who underwent multimodality neuromonitoring with intracranial pressure (ICP), cerebral microdialysis, and brain tissue oxygen (PbtO 2 ) as part of their clinical care. We studied 46 consecutive comatose patients with subarachnoid or intracerebral hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, or cardiac arrest who underwent cerebral microdialysis and intracranial pressure monitoring.Continuous insulin infusion was used to maintain target serum glucose levels of 80-120 mg/dl. This suggests that risk of cerebral vasospasm following traumatic brain injury is increased not only in subarachnoid hemorrhage, but also intraparenchymal hemorrhage, and that Rotterdam CT score may be a useful metric for assessing risk of csPTV in severe TBI patients.
cord-006870-f5w6fw6q	2017	Subjective perceptions of recovery were assessed via responses to the forced-choice dichotomized question, "Do you feel that you have made a complete recovery from the arrest?"Objective outcome measures of recovery included: Repeatable Battery for Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), Modified Lawton Physical Self-Maintenance Scale (L-ADL), Barthel Index (BI), Cerebral Performance Category Scale (CPC), Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale (CES-D), and Post traumatic stress disorder-checklist (PTSD-C). Utilizing data from the Citicoline Brain Injury Treatment (COBRIT) trial, a prospective multicenter study, we identified 224 patients who met the inclusion criteria; 1) placement of an ICP monitoring device, 2) Glasgow coma score (GCS) less than 9, 3) EVD placement prior to arrival or within 6 hours of arrival at the study institution. The objective of this study was to examine the incidence rates of pre-specified medical and neurological ICU complications, and their impact on post-traumatic in-hospital mortality and 12month functional outcomes.
cord-006876-v2m5l5wz	2016	We conducted a prospective cohort study among mild and moderate-severe TBI patients admitted to a level 1 trauma center with these inclusion criteria: 1) Age < 65 years, 2) No severe non-TBI injuries, 3) No prior cardiac disease, and 4) Minimal comorbidities. In most instances, DC has been performed based on neurosurgical evaluation of the patient with or without intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring and evidence of increased shown variable outcomes in emergency (within 4 hours of injury) neurosurgical procedure in Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). This is an observational cohort study of adult patients (>18 years) in a 10-bed NSICU at an academic, tertiary care center evaluating quality outcome measures pre-and post-neurointensivists. Intensivists in neuro ICU must consistently assess and treat the non-neurological complications in traumatic brain and spine-injured patients and deliver appropriate care to bring down the mortality and morbidity and improve outcome.
cord-006880-9dgmdtj8	2012	Patients initially comatose after cardiac arrest treated who awoke after therapeutic hypothermia (TH) were evaluated by a neuropsychologist prior to hospital discharge with the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), a well-validated tool that assesses function in multiple domains compared to standardized normal values. Clinical data including the pre-admission-status, neuroradiological, initial presentation, treatment, and outcome were evaluated through institutional databases, patient''s medical charts and by mailed questionnaires. To determine the differences in hospital outcomes among adult mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients where the severity of TBI is defined by Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score. Retrospective chart analysis was performed on all adult patients arriving to emergency department with history of fall at a level one trauma center for parameters like vomiting, alteration of consciousness (AOC) & loss of consciousness (LOC) after TBI; post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) and history of seizures before or after injury, along with outcomes such as ICU admission & ICU length of stay.
cord-008085-3ihuqvei	2005	
cord-009713-sxd4t2tz	2020	Poster No. 010 Seizure, developmental and cognitive outcomes in children post hemispherotomy TT TAY 1 , DR REED 2 , VJ JOSAN 3 , SR RUST 4 , JT TAN 5 1 University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; 2 Neuropsychology Team, Paediatric Psychosocial Service, Royal Manchester Children''s Hospital, Manchester, UK; 3 Neurosurgery, Salford Royal NHS Foundation, Manchester, UK; 4 Paediatric Neuropsychology, Royal Manchester Children''s Hospital, Manchester, UK; 5 Paediatric Neurology, Royal Manchester Children''s Hospital, Manchester, UK Introduction: Patients with focal refractory epilepsy secondary to structural hemispheric changes have been shown in retrospective studies to have significantly improved seizure outcomes following hemispheric disconnection. In a univariate analysis of 682 cases with ≥12 months follow-up data, poor final outcome (defined as modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score 3-6) occurred in 30% and was associated with very young or elderly age at onset, movement disorder, decreased consciousness, autonomic dysfunction, mechanical ventilation, higher mRS score in the acute phase, longer hospital stay, extreme delta brush on EEG, abnormal MRI, CSF pleocytosis and elevated CSF protein (all p<0.05).
cord-009997-oecpqf1j	2018	Completed cranial radiation and proceeded to allogeneic stem cell transplant with unrelated cord marrow donor and is disease free at approximately day +200.Case 2: 5 year-old female diagnosed with FLT3 and MLL negative AML and completed treatment per COG AAML1031 study on the low risk arm without Bortezomib. Design/Method: This study was a retrospective chart review that included patients 3 to 23 years old with sickle cell disease type SS and S 0 followed at St. Christopher''s Hospital for Children. Background: Hydroxyurea, chronic blood transfusion, and bone marrow transplantation can reduce complications, and improve survival in sickle cell disease (SCD), but are associated with a significant decisional dilemma because of the inherent risk-benefit tradeoffs, and the lack of comparative studies. Brown University -Hasbro Children''s Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, United States Background: Despite clinical advances in the treatment of sickle cell disease (SCD) in pediatric and young adult patients, pain remains a significant source of disease-related morbidity.
cord-011165-slu5531z	2020	
cord-011669-hkkpw2bl	2020	
cord-011990-feqqx32n	2020	This paper reviews some recent results and technical challenges which still need to be addressed in terms of the design of CMOS analog application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) and their integration in the surrounding systems, in order to consolidate this technological paradigm. In multi-modal imaging, now that the compatibility of the acquisition chains (thousands of Silicon Photo-Multipliers channels) of gamma detectors with Tesla-level magnetic fields has been demonstrated, other development directions, enabled by microelectronics, can be envisioned in particular for single-photon emission tomography (SPECT): a faster and simplified operation, for instance, to allow transportable applications (bed-side) and hardware pre-processing that reduces the number of output signals and the image reconstruction time. Architecture of the gamma camera of the INSERT SPECT system: the current signals of 72 silicon photo-multiplier (SiPM) pixels are read by two ASICs [43] , featuring a low-impedance input stage, programmable shaper, peak stretcher and fast comparator to trigger the acquisition of events by the FPGA-based DAQ unit [44] .
cord-012651-7bllqwh1	2019	title: A rare cause of neurological deterioration to complete paraplegia after surgery for thoracic myelopathy: a case report INTRODUCTION: Progressive deterioration of neurological status post-thoracic myelopathy surgery after a clinically stable period is rare and can pose a diagnostic dilemma. DISCUSSION: Ascending myelopathy is a potential but rare cause of delayed deterioration in neurological status after surgical intervention. SPAM has been described in the literature as an unusual cause of delayed neurological deterioration after traumatic spinal cord injury in cases where the deterioration could not be explained by mechanical instability, syrinx formation or therapeutic mis-intervention. This case report provides us with an insight into a potential cause akin to SPAM, which needs to be considered in a patient with progressive neurological deterioration after surgical decompression and stabilization for myelopathy.
cord-014687-0am4l5ms	2012	This presentation will focus on recent developments that have lead to a better understanding of the embryopathogenesis for fibropolycystic liver diseases (including choledochal cysts and Caroli disease), histopathological findings that have led to new classification systems for of pediatric vascular anomalies, technological advances and contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging that are useful to characterize and limit the differential diagnosis of hepatic masses. Disclosure: Dr. Annapragada has indicated that he is a stock holder and consultant for Marval Biosciences Inc. Paper #: PA-067 Cardiovascular Image Quality Using a Nanoparticle CT Contrast Agent: Preliminary Studies in a Pig Model Rajesh Krishnamurthy, Radiology, Texas Children''s Hospital, rxkrishn@texaschildrens.org; Ketan Ghaghada, Prakash Masand, Abhay Divekar, Eric Hoffman, Ananth Annapragada Purpose or Case Report: Image quality in a separate study using a long circulating, liposomal-based nanoscale blood pool iodinated contrast agent (NCTX) suggests clinical utility in pediatrics, potentially reducing difficulties in contrast-CT of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) including the size of intravenous cannula, need for accurate timing, inability to simultaneously opacify multiple targets of interest (requiring repeated contrast administration and/or repeated imaging).
cord-015352-2d02eq3y	2017	Lapierre; Montreal/CA Summary: Objectives: To review the classification of visceroatrial situs To describe the associated cardiac and non-cardiac anomalies To illustrate typical findings in fetuses, neonates and children To discuss the surgical consideration and the long-term follow-up in these patients Abstract: By definition, the type of situs is determined by the relationship between the atria and the adjacent organs. As is often the case, radiology in JIA is all about: knowing your clinicians (i.e. the pretest likelihood for disease) being technically eloquent (e.g. using high-resolution US probes, not delaying post-contrast MRI acquisitions) knowing what is normal (e.g. normal undulations in the articular surface, focal bone marrow signal variation) not being dogmatic about individual observations or measurements interpreting your findings in a clinical context The lecture will demonstrate similarities and differences among joints and modalities in children with variable-severity JIA.
cord-015354-yknwveyz	2007	Material and Methods: Fourteen individuals (mean age 47±19y range 21-75y; 4W, 10M; including 10 volunteers and 4 patients with angiographically proved CAD) underwent dynamic PET imaging studies (21 frames) at rest and during adenosine stress (0.14mg/kg/min for 6 min) after injection of 1100MBq of 82Rb (Discovery LS, GEMS). Methods:Twenty-nine patients (21 males,8 females;62±11 yrs) with recent AMI were studied.Within 6 days after AMI, the patients were performed Tl-201 R-RD perfusion SPECT using 4 mCi activity.CMR was carried out 5-20 minutes after 0,15 mmol/kg of iv.Gadobutrol injection.Myocardial perfusion and contrast enhancement was analyzed using a 17 segment model.Myocardial perfusion was scored in Tl-201 SPECT as follows:0=normal (70%-100% maximal myocardial activity(mma), 1= 69-50% mma, 2= 49-30% mma ,3=29-10% mma and 4=<10% mma ;Myocardial contrast enhancement on CMR images was graded as:0=no contrast enhancement, 1=hyperenhancement of 0-25% of the wall thickness(WT) 2=hyperenhancement of 26-50 % of the WT, 3=hyperenhancement of 51-75 % of WT and 4=hyperenhancement of 76-100 % of WT.In CMR the existence of microvascular obstruction(MO) was also evaluated.Total segment scores(TSS) in R,RD and CMR for each patient were calculated by summing of 17 segment score values.
cord-015359-gf32a6f1	2002	Methods and materials: 73 consecutive patients, clinically considered to have stage 1B tumour (confined to the cervix), underwent MR imaging studies at 1 T, according to the following protocol: fast spin-echo (FSE) T2-weighted, gadoliniumenhanced SE Tl-weighted, and fat-suppressed gadolinium-enhanced SE Tlweighted sequences. Purpose: To describe the radiological (thin section CT) findings correlated to activity and remission in ANCA associated pulmonary-renal small vessel vasculitis (SVV) Material and methods: We used retrospective analysis of 37 CTs, 27 in disease activity (8 first manifestations, 19 relapses) 10 im remission of 17 patients with pulmorenal syndrome (9 Wegener, 4 microscopic polyangiitis-MPA, 3 Churg-Strauss-syndrome, 1 idiopathic crescentic glomerulonephritis following the Chapel Hill classification) 7 women, 10 men, median 65.5 years (34 -84). Varghese, P.R. Mueller; Boston, MA/US Purpose: We sought to determine the incidence of malignancy and to assess a possible role for image guided biopsy of this category of renal masses Materials & methods: Of the 397 renal biopsies performed at our institution between 1991 and 2000; a total of 28 patients with 28 category III lesions, were identified for analysis.
cord-017031-i10q2569	2008	The signal increase realized by low-flip angle excitation in combination with short repetition times is obtained, however, by omitting the 180° pulse generating a spinecho, as the 180° pulse not only inverts the phase of the transverse magnetization, but also the longitudinal magnetization (see Fig. 2 In contrast to the conventional imaging sequences, the nomenclature of the GRE sequences is not unified, but is handled differently by different manufacturers. If the flip angle is increased, the T1 contrast maximum will shift to a higher TR value dient of the FLASH sequence, refocusing gradient pulses are introduced in slice-selection direction as well as in the direction of frequency and phase encoding, through which the transverse magnetization is not destroyed after the data acquisition of the MR signal, but rather rephased or refocused (Fig. 2.4 .21).
cord-021087-n4epxwn9	2004	Conclusions: MRI is useful to identify tumor response to Imatinib Mesylate in advanced GIST as from the early months of therapy with the following indicators of treatment activity: A) Size of lesions; B) signal intensity; C) vascularization; D) amount of degenerative tissue or necrosis; E) presence of peritoneal fluid. Materials and Methods: 34 patients (13 female, 21 male) from two centres with proven myocardial infarction by ECG, clinical and echo criteria underwent stress/ rest Tc99 sestamibi Gated SPECT scanning with a dual headed gamma camera and late contract enhanced MRI on identical 1.5 Tesla scanners in each centre using a protocol which imaged 15 minutes after injection of 0.1 mmol/kg IV gadolinium. These preliminary results illustrate the ability of MRI to assess the integrity of the TFCC and suggests its use as the first imaging method following plain radiography in the evaluation of patients with chronic posttraumatic pain on the ulnar side of the wrist.
cord-021206-4zyqqgs0	2007	Purpose: To analyze the clinical and imaging fi ndings of BI-RADS category 3 breast lesions by mammographic and ultrasonographic (US) assessment ultimately diagnosed as malignancy in retrospect Methods and Materials: Of 3,207 cases of US-guided core needle biopsy for 4 years, category 3 was given after biopsy, based on mammographic and sonographic evaluation, in 1,099 lesions (41.7%) that were composed of 462 palpable and 637 nonpalpable lesions. Background: Regional kinesis alteration of IVS is associated with different cardiac conditions which may have both pathological and physiological meanings of which the most important are the following: a) left bundle branch block that may determine intra-left ventricular asynchrony and may represent an independent predictor of severe cardiac events in heart failure patients; b) pulmonary embolism that increase right ventricle pressure; c) constrictive pericarditis; d) restrictive cardiomyopathies; e) post-operative cardiac surgery.
cord-022594-fx044gcd	2009	If a patient presents with a history of two or more attacks, but objective clinical evidence only suggests one lesion, the following additional data is needed to confirm the diagnosis: the disease process has to be disseminated in space as demonstrated by MRI; alternatively, two or more MRI-detected lesions consistent with MS plus positive CSF would suffice to meet the newly defined criteria. The EBM calculations regarding this trial show an RRR of 24%, and ARR of 11%, and an NNT of 9 patients over 2 years in order to prevent one conversion to "clinically definite MS." These two studies provide support for considering early treatment in patients presenting with first attack, in the presence of multiple asymptomatic MRI lesions, but further studies are needed to determine whether this approach will provide a prolonged benefit on disease course.
cord-022659-chwk2bs4	2004	We investigated the usefulness of informant-based data in Alzheimer''s disease (AD) by comparing caregivers'' subjective evaluations of 83 probable A D patients'' performance on an abbreviated version of the Memory Self-Report Questionnaire to objective evaluations derived from an extensive battery of neuropsychological tests and to clinicians'' evaluations. Compared with 89 subjects (mean age 75.2 yr; 34 men, 55 women) with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT), there were no significant group differences for comparable Clinical Dementia Rating stages of dementia for measures of language, Activities of Daily Living, or general cognition. The mean age at onset did not differ significantly between handedness groups (F [ l,lOO] = .82), but the mean duration of symptoms ( Alterations in the optical properties of brain can be used to detect pathological changes in patients with Alzheimer''s disease (AD).
cord-023049-fio7cjj5	2017	Clinical efficacy (Medical Research Council sum score, 10-m walk, modified Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment score, Overall Neuropathy Limitations Scale, Romberg test) and patient-reported outcomes (36-item Short Form Health Survey , Life Quality Index [LQI] ) were assessed at baseline and at regular intervals until the final visit (10-14 months after switching). To explore the issue of early biomarkers in FAP, we performed skin biopsy and compared IENF density with parameters of nerve conduction studies (NCS) and quantitative sensory testing (QST) on 36 subjects (23 men, aged 55.1 ± 11.1 years) with genetic confirmation of TTR-A97S: 17 patients and 19 carriers. Results: The Gly112Ser mutation causing CMT1C is a mild form of CMT, as patients walked on time, had less weakness than those with Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease type 1A (CMT1A), had a Charcot Marie Tooth neuropathy score (CMTNS) indicative of mild disease, and had faster ulnar and median motor nerve conduction velocities compared to those with CMT1A.
cord-023353-2yoz1t6a	2010	3 Department of Physiology and Biometry, Ghent University, Belgium Introduction/Purpose: The microbubble-based contrast agents for ultrasonography have become more used in recent years in dogs1, and have been reported to be useful in differentiating adenomas from nonadenomatous lesions in human patients with adrenal masses2. Peak intensity Time to Introduction/Purpose: Studies with contrast enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) on focal splenic lesions have shown discrepancies in accuracy for differentiating benign from malignant lesions.1-3 A speculative explanation for false positives may be the absence of a dual blood supply to the spleen compared to the liver. 1 The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that the suggested maximum normal kidney size obtained from radiographs is too high and also to evaluate whether breed type (brachycephalic, doliocephalic, mesocephalic), age, gender, weight and body condition of the dog have an impact on kidney size.
cord-025535-dmcfy7ht	2020	
cord-027730-xn12s005	2020	title: Unsupervised Method Based on Superpixel Segmentation for Corpus Callosum Parcellation in MRI Scans Differently, Hofer proposed the only work based on tractography of DTI (Diffusion Tensor Imaging) by subdividing the CC into five regions from an average behavior observed via tractography in a specific population of 8 subjects [1] . On the second hand, differently to geometric parcellation methods, Rittner proposed a data-driven method based on the Watershed technique [15] . We propose a CC parcellation method based on SLIC, which is non-geometric and fully automatic superpixel segmentation technique. For the evaluation of the proposed parcellation method, we are the only study that used brain MRI scans from two public datasets. Since the Hofer and Witelson CC parcellation methods are based on geometric CC parcellation, their results did not vary among different subjects throughout the experimented dataset.
cord-102474-fmq98aa8	2020	
cord-255240-ltatgq3e	2020	We present the case of an 86-year-old woman who has a vascular dementia, Binswanger''s syndrome, and coronary artery disease, who presented with more than five CMBs. We present this case in order to highlight the dilemma of anti-platelet therapy in this group of patients and we demonstrate the cardinal radiologic features of CMBs. We then segue into the pathologic correlates of CMBs and associated risk factors. If the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner software is endowed with a left-handed reference frame such as Siemens, the CMBs appear hyperintense on the phase map. Hence one faces a therapeutic dilemma; with such extensive cerebral white matter disease and stable coronary artery disease, is anti-platelet therapy warranted in the presence of more than five CMBs? [ In the study by Lau et al., in 1811 patients who were prescribed anti-platelet therapy, the five-year risk of recurrent ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke both increased with the number of CMBs [6] .
cord-257075-9x0530cb	2020	title: A Juxta-Articular Myxoma of the Thumb A Case Report Abstract Juxta-articular myxomata are benign tumors which are mostly encountered in the vicinity of larger joints. We present a case of a juxta-articular myxoma at the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb in a 40 year-old man. A follow-up MRI, scheduled without any clinical suspicion of tumor-recurrence, 9 months postoperatively, did not reveal any obvious recurrence. Juxta-articular myxomata (JAM) are benign soft tissue neoplasms of mesenchymal origin. This tumor of brown fat tissue shows spindle cells and 112 myxoid structures like a myxoma but would be positive for PS100 and CD 34 21 . Juxta-articular myxoma of the wrist: a 136 case report Juxta-articular myxoma: a clinical and pathologic study of 65 144 cases Juxta-articular myxoma of the shoulder 160 presenting as a cyst of the acromioclavicular joint: a case report
cord-258556-hglp1vpm	2020	Existing ML approaches in clinical imaging can likely be transferred to the forensic setting with careful consideration to account for the increased variability and temporal factors that affect the data used to train these algorithms. Van Tulder and de Bruijne [63] utilized convolutional RBMs, adding learning objectives that helped the algorithm to extract features for description and training data classification. J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Conclusions ML techniques have been applied to a large number of tasks that can be used in clinical medicine, where the algorithms most widely utilized in applications with medical images include RFs, SVMs, and CNNs. CNNs have shown better performance in the literature.
cord-265293-l9omunq4	2020	title: Smell and Taste Disorders in COVID-19 Patients: Objective Testing and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Five Cases Those with objectifiable alteration in taste or smell were subjected to MRI with contrast agent to investigate possible involvement of the central nervous system. We encourage medical professionals to conduct specialized examinations and MRIs in the acute stage of disease, which guarantees an optimum patient care. The study was conducted on five patients reporting impairment of taste and smell with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in East Tyrol. In case objective testing revealed alterations in taste or smell, patients were subjected to MRI in a timely manner. Three weeks after the first olfactory and gustatory examination, a follow-up testing was conducted with the three patients who also had a second MRI. The first MRI images showed slight alterations in one patient, which could be associated with a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Magnetic resonance imaging alteration of the brain in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and anosmia
cord-267110-2g6owogs	2017	In patients who have a relapse, biomarkers and imaging should help differentiate multiphasic ADEM, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, anti-MOG antibody–associated relapsing demyelination, and multiple sclerosis. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an acute immune-mediated inflammatory demyelinating condition involving the brain and spinal cord, which presents clinically with new-onset polyfocal neurologic features, which by definition include encephalopathy. A third ADEM-like event is not consistent with a diagnosis of multiphasic ADEM but indicates a chronic relapsing demyelinating disorder, such as relapsing optic neuritis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder associated with antiaquaporin-4 antibodies, relapsing anti-MOG antibody-associated demyelination, or MS depending the clinical phenotype, biomarker, and neuroimaging findings. A long-term follow-up study using the 2007 International Pediatrics Multiple Sclerosis Study Group criteria evaluated the parameters at initial diagnosis and eventual conversion to MS in a cohort of 123 children with a first episode of acute CNS demyelination. Multiple sclerosis and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis diagnosed in children after long-term follow-up: comparison of presenting features An adult case of anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated multiphasic acute disseminated encephalomyelitis at 33-year intervals
cord-267605-efb10j3u	2013	
cord-272623-j5gpww9q	2016	For patients with osteonecrosis of both the hip and knee joints or for patients with a history of corticosteroid use or alcohol abuse who had osteonecrosis of one or more joints in the shoulder, ankle, wrist or elbow, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was also performed on other joints, regardless of whether these joints were symptomatic. Of the patients with a history of corticosteroid use, 18 had SLE, nine had chronic nephropathy, five had hematological diseases (four had acute lymphoblastic leukemia and one had non-Hodgkin''s lymphoma), five had an organ transplantation (four had a renal transplantation and one had a cardiac transplantation), three had Sjogren''s syndrome, two had dermatomyositis, two had multiple sclerosis and three received steroid therapy for trauma emergency. 3) Patients with corticosteroid use or alcohol abuse and who are diagnosed with osteonecrosis of one or more joints in the shoulder, ankle, wrist and elbow should have their hips and knees evaluated by MRI.
cord-282342-5158g9kb	2019	
cord-288158-6gicgsj8	2020	title: Imaging of Neurologic Disease in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: An Italian Multicenter Retrospective Observational Study Of 725 consecutive hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019, 108 (15%) had acute neurologic symptoms necessitating neurologic imaging. Imaging of Neurologic Disease in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: An Italian Multicenter Retrospective Observational Study E271 10 had acute ischemic infarcts and two had intracranial hemorrhage. The main neurologic imaging hallmark was acute ischemic infarcts, which were present in 34 of the 108 patients (31%) (30 [28%] on CT scans and four [20%] on MRI scans). Our study demonstrated that the neurologic imaging features of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were variable, without a specific pattern but dominated by acute ischemic infarcts and intracranial hemorrhages. Currently, we have a poor mechanistic understanding of the neurologic symptoms in patients with COVID-19, whether these are arising from critical illness or from direct central nervous system invasion of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (10).
cord-289605-gvc673ij	2004	
cord-289861-i6bfuvq1	2018	
cord-302015-z2k6wuhm	2020	
cord-302862-znnlyz3y	2019	Following the acute management, which may include use of steroids, immunosuppressive drugs, and plasma exchange, a comprehensive medical rehabilitation program is important to optimize recovery from the resultant impairments and disabilities and manage associated complications. Factors associated with poor outcomes include severe initial symptoms with spinal shock, delayed presentation to the hospital after maximum deficits have already occurred, development of syringomyelia, and extensive MRI lesions. Patients with TM may present in the ambulatory clinic, urgent care center, or hospital setting with complaints of weakness of the limbs, sensory impairments, pain, and difficulties with the bowel and bladder. The functional limitations in a patient with TM usually depend on the level of spinal cord involvement and corresponding muscles affected. Effective management of intractable neuropathic pain using an intrathecal morphine pump in a patient with acute transverse myelitis
cord-306611-8s4scr7r	2020	
cord-308270-343r91km	2020	
cord-308869-tuyac4oq	2017	
cord-319930-ymqnb54a	2020	
cord-322890-w78tftva	2013	
cord-323470-lpeeugdf	2020	
cord-323581-qtasvgtd	2020	We provide a review that encompasses (1) an overview of current challenges in multimodal fusion (2) the current medical applications of fusion for specific neurological diseases, (3) strengths and limitations of available imaging modalities, (4) fundamental fusion rules, (5) fusion quality assessment methods, and (6) the applications of fusion for atlas-based segmentation and quantification. Chapter 5 reviews the fundamental methods, which covers types, rules, atlas-based segmentation, decomposition, reconstruction, and quantification; Chapter 6 reviews subjective and objective assessment of data fusion in multimodal neuroimaging; Chapter 7 reviews the advantages of data fusion in improving the spatial/temporal resolution, distortion correction, and contrast; it also reviews the benefits of these advantages in fusing structural and functional images; Chapter 8 reviews atlas-based segmentations in multimodal imaging fusion; Chapter 9 reviews the quantification in multimodal neuroimaging fusion.
cord-325296-zrvykzof	2020	Follow-up has been carried out four months later showing a normalization in cell count of CSF and improvement of MRI findings, although the claustrum lesions persisted. While immunological markers remained unspecific and imaging findings of acute necrotizing encephalitis were absent in our patient, brain MRI disclosed a unique pattern, a.k.a. the claustrum sign. Common MRI findings in a recent study of COVID-19 encephalopathy were cortical signal abnormalities on FLAIR images (37%), accompanied by diffusion reduction, leptomeningeal enhancement and cortical blooming artifacts in some cases. MRI findings in COVID-19 encephalitis, especially when suggesting autoimmune encephalopathy may imply therapeutic interventions, such as immunosuppressive therapy. Recently, progressive clinical improvement along with a reduction of inflammatory CSF parameters has been observed in COVID-19 encephalitis, following high-dose steroid treatment [11] . In summary, a previously undescribed imaging pattern in parainfectious COVID-19 encephalitis is presented that bears a strong resemblance to MRI findings in autoimmune encephalitic syndromes, such as known from epileptic or encephalitis caused by antineuronal antibodies.
cord-327543-kibjwfad	2020	
cord-328513-81yvcgul	2016	• In patients with apparently idiopathic hypopituitarism especially if associated with other autoimmune diseases • In patients with hyperprolactinemia without pituitary adenoma at MRI, without hypothyroidism or associated to iatrogenic causes • In patients with hypoprolactinemia and post-partum lactation failure • In patients with empty sella • In patients with previous traumatic brain injury and in those with infectious meningitis • In patients treated with monoclonal antibodies for several types of tumor • In patients with IgG4-related syndrome • When APA are detected at high titre and with a particular immunofluorescence pattern in these patients, a pituitary MRI (if not yet performed) and a complete evaluation of pituitary function should be performed to discover those with pituitary impairment even at subclinical stage • In some cases, searching for antihypothalamus antibodies may help to ascertain the occurrence of an autoimmune process involving selectively the hypothalamic cells or associated with pituitary autoimmunity
cord-329750-purunxce	2006	
cord-330284-r3l6hdrk	2020	The present study aimed to use conventional machine learning algorithms to predict the tumor grades and pathologic biomarkers on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. The radiomic features were extracted from enhanced MRI images, and three frequently-used machine-learning models of LC, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Random Forests (RF) were built for four predictive tasks: (1) glioma grades, (2) Ki67 expression level, (3) GFAP expression level, and (4) S100 expression level in gliomas. CONCLUSION: The machine-learning based radiomics approach can provide a non-invasive method for the prediction of glioma grades and expression levels of multiple pathologic biomarkers, preoperatively, with favorable predictive accuracy and stability. Three machine-learning-based models (LR, SVM, and RF) were built to perform the tasks: (1) classify the glioma grades, and (2) predict the expression levels of Ki67, S100, and GFAP. The machine-learning based radiomics approach was applied to predict glioma grades and the expression levels of pathologic biomarkers Ki67, GFAP, and S100 in low or high.
cord-331268-kzy33hdb	1996	Abnormalities in the cerebral hemispheres are frequently periventricular in distribution and only occasionally correlate with specific symptoms or signs.6,7 The accumulation of lesions in the frontal lobes is associated with a decline in memory.8 In addition, a change in the number of lesions on cranial MR images correlates with a change in overall clinical status as measured with standard scales.g Observations made with MRI are having a marked impact on both our basic knowledge of MS and on therapeutic trialsJo MRI studies will provide considerable insight into the natural history of the disease and will be an excellent independent variable in future clinical trials. Signs and symptoms that commonly occur as MS progresses include vertigo, tremor, incoordination, increasing spasticity, depression, mood swings, cognitive abnormalities, impotence or other sexual dysfunction, weakness, Lhermitte''s sign, gait abnormalities, constipation, urinary incontinence, optic nerve pallor, fatigue, quadriparesis, dysarthria, loss of upper extremity coordination, and dysesthetic pain (Table 1) .
cord-338751-2eo7ityc	2020	
cord-339759-us1spoxu	2017	The aims of this study were therefore to describe the signalment, clinical presentation, diagnostic findings, including results of MRI and long-term survival in dogs diagnosed with presumptive MUO of the spinal cord without concurrent clinical signs of intracranial involvement. Dogs were excluded if (1) the clinical records or imaging studies were incomplete or not available for review, (2) dogs showed clinical or neurological signs of intracranial involvement at time of presentation, (3) they had a peracute onset of clinical signs that were not progressive after 12 to 24 hours, (4) they had signs of extradural or extradural/intramedullary spinal cord compression on MRI and if (5) they had positive infectious disease titres or if clinical presentation, CSF analysis or necropsy findings were suggestive of SRMA or eosinophilic meningoencephalomyelitis (>10% eosinophils in CSF) (Dewey et al .
cord-345445-9t1vebey	2020	Diffuse leukoencephalopathy and juxtacortical and/or callosal microhemorrhages were brain imaging features in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019. Herein, the authors report brain imaging features in 11 critically ill patients with COVID-19 with persistently diminished mental status who underwent MRI between April 5 and April 25, 2020. These imaging features include (a) confluent T2 hyperintensity and mild restricted diffusion in bilateral supratentorial deep and subcortical white matter (in 10 of 11 patients) and (b) multiple punctate microhemorrhages in juxtacortical and callosal white matter (in seven of 11 patients). In a series of 11 critically ill patients with COVID-19 who underwent brain MRI for a persistently depressed mental status, four patients had only diffuse leukoencephalopathy, one patient had only punctate microhemorrhages, and six patients had a combination of both.
cord-346172-7ah22li0	2020	
cord-346815-4t4gr0jz	2020	
cord-351440-vtf3o5ml	2020	The chronological changes from the initial DWI and ADC images to the disappearance of these signals in the follow-up MRI support that the patient had acute subcortical ischemic changes or necrotic changes. The brain MRI showed multiple DWI lesions and corresponding ADC sequence changes which were consistent with multiple acute infarcts possibly related to hypoxic-ischemic injury from systemic perturbations and resultant tissue hypoxia. The distribution of the CT and MRI changes in our case is similar to a recent case report of acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalopathy in a COVID-19 patient [3] , which case, to our knowledge, was not tested for a pathological NOTCH3 mutation. The clinical features and CT and MRI changes are consistent with acute subcortical multiple infarctions which could be related to or provoked by a viral infection. Our described case is an atypical presentation of an acute COVID-19 infection in a previously asymptomatic CADASIL patient who presented with multiple infarcts and encephalopathy.