# pos

id: cord-299613-5ju5fcf4
pos: ADD
token:
  https://www.cnn.com/2020/04/23/opinions/struggle-between-people-and-microscopic-pathogens-mokyr/index.html

lemma:
  https://www.cnn.com/2020/04/23/opinions/struggle-between-people-and-microscopic-pathogens-mokyr/index.html


id: cord-299613-5ju5fcf4
pos: NNP
token:
  https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/covid-data/investigations-discovery/hospitalizationdeath-by-age.html

lemma:
  https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/covid-data/investigations-discovery/hospitalizationdeath-by-age.html


id: cord-299613-5ju5fcf4
pos: NNP
token:
  https://www.eeoc.gov/statistics/employment/jobpatterns/eeo1/2018/national-naics3/table?naics=311&state=&cbsa=

lemma:
  https://www.eeoc.gov/statistics/employment/jobpatterns/eeo1/2018/national-naics3/table?naics=311&state=&cbsa=


# ent

id: cord-280348-vrnxucye
type: DISEASE
entity:
  ischemic heart disease heart failure myocardial infarction diabetes lung cancer osteoporosis metabolic syndrome


id: cord-003011-vclnb0eh
type: GGP
entity:
  mellitus OR 1 31 95 IC 0 38 4 46 and previous TB infection OR 2 66 95 CI 0 48 14 87 Conclusion Co morbid malignancy was associated with increased risk of in hospital death among pulmonary TB


id: cord-337098-33yj5g5v
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  Lille COVID 19 and Obesity study group High prevalence of obesity in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 SARS CoV 2


id: cord-337098-33yj5g5v
type: ORG
entity:
  The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications


id: cord-015651-yhi83hgq
type: DATE
entity:
  between 1971 and 2008 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007


id: cord-015651-yhi83hgq
type: DATE
entity:
  1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995


id: cord-015082-l629n8is
type: DNA
entity:
  J 1 1 PICU Great Ormond Street Hospital London United Kingdom 2 PICU Royal Children s Hospital Melbourne Australia There


id: cord-015082-l629n8is
type: PRODUCT
entity:
  Iasonidou C 1 Pertsas E 1 Koletsos K 1 Kapravelos N 1 Tsagalof S 1 Riggos D 1 1 ICU G Papanikolaou Thessaloniki Greece Optimizing


id: cord-015082-l629n8is
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  De Waele J J H C 1 Hoste E 1 Blot S 1 Colardyn F 1 1 ICU Ghent University Hospital Gent Belgium INTRODUCTION


id: cord-027259-f4sgobcz
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  endothelin interleukin 10 interleukin 8 interleukin 6 interleukin 4 interleukin 1 beta INR fibrogen vitamin D paratohormone urine Nitrites urine bilirubin


id: cord-015126-cyhcbk1j
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  SUR 2B 1 4 0 2 3 2 0 6 6 8 1 5 2 3 0 6 5 3 1 3 1 6 0 4 expression BK alpha 1 9 0 2 1 9 0 4 2 8 0 4 2 7 0 6 2 1 0 5 1 1 0 5 expression p 0 05


id: cord-015126-cyhcbk1j
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  BAL cytokines interleukin IL 6 IL 8 tumor necrosis factor alpha TNF alpha granulocyte colony stimulating factor G CSF


id: cord-015126-cyhcbk1j
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  ROCH 1 L Fouché 1 J Forel 1 D Blayac 2 C Aglioni 3 D Lambert 2 J Carpentier 3 L Papazian 1 1 Réanimation Médicale 2 DAR Hôpitaux sud 3 Réanimation Hôpital Laveran Marseille France INTRODUCTION General anesthesia promotes atelectasis of the dependent parts


id: cord-015126-cyhcbk1j
type: GGP
entity:
  iNOS 3 7 0 7 12 1 3 5 4 2 1 2 21 8 11 6 14 2 3 1 22 4 7 5 expression Kir 6 1 1 7 0 2 4 8 1 2 20 5 5 2 7 1 1 6 19 5 2 0 11 5 4 8 expression SUR 2B 1 4 0 2 3 2 0 6 6 8 1 5 2 3 0 6 5 3 1 3 1 6 0 4 expression BK alpha 1 9 0 2 1 9 0 4 2 8 0 4 2 7 0 6 2 1 0 5 1 1 0 5


id: cord-015126-cyhcbk1j
type: GGP
entity:
  MPC v 1 04 01 to 1 04 03 which extends the advice by suggesting the time of the next BG measurement in the range


id: cord-015126-cyhcbk1j
type: GGP
entity:
  normoglycaemia 4 2 6 1 mmoles l and hyperglycaemia 6 1 mmoles l cumulative duration of hypoglycaemia 4 2 mmoles l average insuline


id: cord-015126-cyhcbk1j
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  1 Anesthesiology Division of Intensive Care 2 Infection Control 3 Surgery Oulu University Hospital Oulu Finland


id: cord-284332-p4c1fneh
type: CELL_LINE
entity:
  M1 007 ClinicalTrials gov identifier NCT00074906 Effect of exogenous surfactant calfactant in pediatric acute lung injury a randomized controlled trial A trial of antioxidants N acetylcysteine and procysteine in ARDS the Antioxidant in ARDS Study Group N acetylcysteine


id: cord-284332-p4c1fneh
type: GGP
entity:
  angiotensin receptor antagonist blocker FA fatty acid GM CSF granulocyte macrophage colonystimulating factor HNE human neutrophil elastase ICAM 1 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 IL 8 interleukin 8 MMPs matrix metalloproteinases NF kB


id: cord-284332-p4c1fneh
type: GGP
entity:
  peroxisome proliferator activated receptor g rhPAF recombinant human PAF TNFa tumour necrosis factor


id: cord-284332-p4c1fneh
type: GGP
entity:
  Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors PPARs are ligand activated transcription factors related to thyroid hormone steroid


id: cord-282660-9x937eus
type: ORG
entity:
  the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use ICH Topic


id: cord-014538-6a2pviol
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  Bruno Neuville Mathilde D ortho Marie Pia Bouadma Lila Rouvel Tallec Anny Rudler Marika Weiss Nicolas Perlbarg Vincent Galanaud Damien Thabut Dominique Rachdi Emna


id: cord-014538-6a2pviol
type: DNA
entity:
  Louf Durier Aurore Tapponnier Romain Louis Bruno Forel Jean Marie Bisbal Magali Lehingue Samuel Rambaud Romain


id: cord-014538-6a2pviol
type: DISEASE
entity:
  Deransy Romain Brisson Hélène Monsel Antoine Conti Filomena Scatton Olivier Langeron Olivier Ghezala Hassen Ben Snouda Salah


id: cord-014538-6a2pviol
type: DISEASE
entity:
  neoplasms breast lung ovarian urologic gastrointestinal digestive system abdominal brain carcinoid tumor sarcoma testicular seminoma


id: cord-314152-wd153s1g
type: CELL_LINE
entity:
  coronavirus OR COVID 19 OR novel coronavirus OR SARS CoV 2 OR 2019 nCoV OR Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome related coronavirus AND mortality OR death OR fatal outcome AND risk factors


id: cord-314152-wd153s1g
type: DISEASE
entity:
  hypertension diabetes mellitus acute respiratory distress syndrome ARDS cardiovascular disease cancer COPD asthma renal disease kidney disease liver disease hepatic disease pneumonia obesity


id: cord-314152-wd153s1g
type: DISEASE
entity:
  hypertension diabetes cardiovascular disease cerebrovascular disease COPD cancer coronary heart disease chronic renal disease chronic liver disease chronic kidney disease


id: cord-005777-6rvfsx4p
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  ICU S Barbadillo 1 M Olsina 2 A Leon 1 1 Intensive Care Unit 2 Microbiology Capio Hospital General de Cataluña Sant Cugat del Vallés Spain


id: cord-005777-6rvfsx4p
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  ICU IL 6 IL 8 ELAM 1 endothelial leukocyte adhesion melucule 1 PAI 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor 1


id: cord-005777-6rvfsx4p
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  N Zoremba 1 G Schälte 2 J Bickenbach 2 B Krauss 2 R Rossaint 2 R Kuhlen 3 1 Intensive Care Medicine 2 Anaesthesiology University Hospital RWTH Aachen Aachen 3 Intensive Care Medicine Helios Klinikum Berlin Buch Germany Cardiac


id: cord-005777-6rvfsx4p
type: ORG
entity:
  Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine 2 Department of Biochemistry 3 Department of Emergency Medicine


id: cord-005777-6rvfsx4p
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Anesthesiology and ICU 2 Infection Deseases 3 Anesthesiology Izmir Ataturk Training and Research Hospital


id: cord-005777-6rvfsx4p
type: ORG
entity:
  Critical Care Department Attikon University Hospital 2 Department of Experimental Surgery Evangelismos Hospital 3 Critical Care Department Attikon University


id: cord-005777-6rvfsx4p
type: ORG
entity:
  Reanimation University Hospital 2 Pharmacology and Therapeutics Faculty of Medicine University of Valladolid Valladolid Spain Systemic


id: cord-299613-5ju5fcf4
type: CELL_LINE
entity:
  U S Urban Populations 1929 1937 Job Displacement and Mortality An Analysis Using Administrative Data


id: cord-299613-5ju5fcf4
type: EVENT
entity:
  the Developing World Fetal and Infant Origins of Adult Disease Papers Out of Work and Into School Labor Market Policies and College Enrollment During the Great Recession Smoke and Death Bituminous Coal


id: cord-299613-5ju5fcf4
type: ORG
entity:
  Wales Spatial Patterns in Transmissibility and Mortality Impact Proceedings Biological Sciences A Farewell


id: cord-299613-5ju5fcf4
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Fear Lockdown and Diversion Comparing Divers of Pandemic Economic Decline 2020 NBER Working Paper 27432


id: cord-299613-5ju5fcf4
type: EVENT
entity:
  The Great Depression of Income Historical Estimates of the Longer Run Impact of Entering the Labor Market


id: cord-299613-5ju5fcf4
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Long Run Effects of Pandemic Influenza on the Development of Children from Elite Backgrounds Evidence


id: cord-299613-5ju5fcf4
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Lost Generation Scarring after the Great Recession Are Recessions Good for Your Health Healthy Living in Hard Times


id: cord-294350-6veeygzp
type: ORG
entity:
  Clinical Characteristics Associated Factors and Predicting COVID 19 Mortality Risk A Retrospective Study


id: cord-013338-0jlxuksk
type: DISEASE
entity:
  acute kidney injury AKI acute respiratory distress syndrome ARDS deep vein thrombosis DVT myocardial infarction


id: cord-005816-i54q5gsu
type: DNA
entity:
  T10 11 laminas and posterior stabilization with transpedicular screw rot system One day after the first operation T10 and


id: cord-005816-i54q5gsu
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Ambulance and Emergency Care Technicians Department Vocational School of Health Services Marmara University


id: cord-005816-i54q5gsu
type: DISEASE
entity:
  atherosclerotic heart disease diabetes mellitus hypertansion chronic obstructive pulmonary disease cerebrovascular disease


id: cord-005816-i54q5gsu
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  C1 2 in sagittal plane SRA C1 2 and the absolute rotation angle of C2 7 ARA C2 7 Separation angles rSRA C1 2 and rARA C2 7 were


id: cord-014996-p6q0f37c
type: DNA
entity:
  colloids 4 gelatin 6 HES 130 0 4 or 5 albumin 250 ml in 20 min Hemodynamic and extravascular lung water index EVLWI GEDVI


id: cord-014996-p6q0f37c
type: DNA
entity:
  S pneumoniae positive bacteriological sample pulmonary quantitative culture pleural fluid blood culture


id: cord-014996-p6q0f37c
type: DNA
entity:
  APACHE II scores 12 1 4 1 and 11 4 4 4 vs 15 0 4 5 p 0 02 and MODS scores 3 58 1 73 and 3 25 2 12 vs 4 75 3 06 p 0 027


id: cord-014996-p6q0f37c
type: GGP
entity:
  V t ScaW p 0 002 CONCLUSIONS Our data show that there is no gold standard method for estimate or calculate body weight


id: cord-014996-p6q0f37c
type: GGP
entity:
  SCS 3 15 for the GCS and 5 16 for the FOUR Beyond this threshold only the SCS provides a highly significant correlation with the risk of death Spearman 0 907 p 0 0001 A


id: cord-014996-p6q0f37c
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Definitions for Sepsis and Organ Failure and Guidelines for the Use of Innovative Therapies in Sepsis Procalcitonin


id: cord-014996-p6q0f37c
type: DISEASE
entity:
  type 1 diabetes mellitus A Shono 1 T Mihara 1 Y Murakami 1 J Ota 1 F Kono 1 Y Saito 1 1 Shimane Universiy


id: cord-341063-3rqnu5bu
type: DNA
entity:
  consciousness OR 13 62 p 0 001 ataxic respiration OR 2 24 p 0 001 aspiration pneumonia OR 7 04 p 0 001 orotracheal intubation 48h OR 13 35 p 0 001 tracheostomy OR 12 99 p 0 001 airway secretion OR 24 91 p 0 001 nasoenteral tube OR 14 9 p 0 001 gastrostomy OR 4 58 p 0 030


id: cord-341063-3rqnu5bu
type: DNA
entity:
  aPTT group 11 7 9 5 15 3 IU kg h versus 15 7 10 9 21 3 IU kg h respectively p 0 03 Safety parameters


id: cord-341063-3rqnu5bu
type: CELL_LINE
entity:
  colloid 6 hydroxyethyl starch HES n 15 groups Cardiac index CI stroke volume SVI and pulse pressure variation PPV


id: cord-341063-3rqnu5bu
type: DNA
entity:
  W Yacov 1 Y Polishuk 2 A Geal dor 2 G Yosef hay 2 1 Kaplan Medical Center Rehovot Israel 2 Kaplan medical center Rehovot Israel Critical Care 2018 22 Suppl 1


id: cord-341063-3rqnu5bu
type: GGP
entity:
  CLtot of 1 0 0 5 1 0 and 0 3 0 2 0 9 L h respectively on and off CVVH Steady state trough levels Cmin of SMT


id: cord-341063-3rqnu5bu
type: FAC
entity:
  P Bonaventure JA Jamous F Lauzier R Zarychanski C Francoeur A Turgeon CHU de Québec Université Laval Québec Canada Critical Care


id: cord-341063-3rqnu5bu
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  Dequin 4 C Guitton 5 N Deye 6 G Plantefève 7 JP Quenot 8 A Desachy 9 T Kamel 10 S Bedon Carte 11 JL Diehl 12 N Chudeau 13 E


id: cord-003532-lcgeingz
type: CELL_LINE
entity:
  pRBC O Rh D negative Fig 1 Shock Index was selected as indication for transfusion To achieve feasibility and preservation of the pRBC


id: cord-003532-lcgeingz
type: DNA
entity:
  intensive care unit P Eiben C Brathwaite Shirley S Canestrini King s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust


id: cord-003532-lcgeingz
type: GGP
entity:
  NT ProBNP D7 OR 9 28 IC95 2 05 41 94 p 0 004 and hs cTnT D7 OR 10 93 IC95 2 139 55 795 p 0 04 were independently associated with in hospital mortality Conclusions NT ProBNP plasma


id: cord-003532-lcgeingz
type: GGP
entity:
  lactate r 0 35 p 0 0011 pulmonary vascular permeability index r 0 38 p 0 0241 first 24 h fluid administration r 0 38 p 0 0001 and sequential organ failure assessment score r 0 40 p 0 0001 Fig 1 Plasma


id: cord-003532-lcgeingz
type: GGP
entity:
  lactate 3 OR 3 11 95 CI 1 56 6 19 p 0 01 and age 63 OR 2 16 95 CI 1 05 4 45 p 0 04 were significantly associated with the response to AVP Conclusions HR lactate


id: cord-003532-lcgeingz
type: ORG
entity:
  Japan 2 Fujita Health University Department of Disaster and Traumatology Fujita Health University Toyoake Japan


id: cord-003532-lcgeingz
type: DISEASE
entity:
  dysphoric mood muscle aches lacrimation rhinorrhea pupillary dilation piloerection sweating diarrhea


id: cord-005497-w81ysjf9
type: DNA
entity:
  1st group 1st stage 15 2 10 19 4 mmol L 2nd stage 5 2 3 9 7 6 mmol L 3rd stage 6 6 5 8 7 μmol L stage 4 9 7 8 6 12 1 μmol L stage 5 9 4 7 8 11 9 μmol L


id: cord-005497-w81ysjf9
type: DNA
entity:
  2nd group 1st stage 11 9 10 15 mmol L 2nd stage 3 7 1 7 4 1 mmol L 3rd stage 3 6 2 4 4 5 μmol L stage 4 6 5 4 4 8 2 μmol L stage 5 7 6 6 5 9 4 μmol L


id: cord-005497-w81ysjf9
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  I Boussaid D Chtourou S Sfaxi W Bahria D Hamdi M Boussen M Ben Cheikh Mongi Slim Academic Hospital Emergency Department Tunis Tunisia Critical Care 2020 24 Suppl 1 P182


id: cord-005497-w81ysjf9
type: CELL_LINE
entity:
  Greek ICU population E Nanou 1 P Vasiliou 1 E Tsigou 2 V Psallida 1 E Boutzouka 2 V Zidianakis 1 G Fildissis 1 1 Agioi Anargiroi Hospital Attiki Greece 2 Agioi Anargiroi Hospital ICU


id: cord-005497-w81ysjf9
type: DNA
entity:
  groups 11 44 and 6 35 p 0 81 6 24 and 7 41 р 0 40 1 4 and 1 6 р 1 00 6 24 and 5 29 р 0 97 respectively Rate


id: cord-005497-w81ysjf9
type: CELL_LINE
entity:
  35bed Greek university ICU C Vrettou E Douka I Papachatzakis K Sarri E Gavrielatou E Mizi S Zakynthinos 1st ICU Department University


id: cord-005497-w81ysjf9
type: GGP
entity:
  MAP R 0 03 p 0 003 R 0 03 p 0 004 Figure 1 and heart rate R 0 12 p 0 001 since systemic pressure starts to drop UFRV and UFR demonstrated good clinical response to fluid administration despite the fact that systemic blood pressure


id: cord-005497-w81ysjf9
type: ORG
entity:
  Conrick Martin Mater Misericordiae University Hospital Department of Critical Care Medicine Dublin Ireland Critical Care 2020


id: cord-005497-w81ysjf9
type: ORG
entity:
  Clinical Research Investigation and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness CRISMA Center Department of Biostatistics


id: cord-005497-w81ysjf9
type: PRODUCT
entity:
  S Erel O Ermis Ö Nadastepe L Karabıyık Gazi University School of Medicine Anesthesiology and Intensive Care


id: cord-005497-w81ysjf9
type: DISEASE
entity:
  brain injury A Semenenko 1 S Semenenko 2 A Solomonchuk 3 N Semenenko 3 Depending on the nature of the brain injury


id: cord-005497-w81ysjf9
type: DISEASE
entity:
  critically ill T Chandler R Sarkar A Bowman P Hayden Medway Maritime Hospital Critical Care Gillingham United Kingdom Critical Care 2020 24 Suppl 1 P366 Frailty


id: cord-014464-m5n250r2
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  MCP 1 49 5 P 0 002 IL 1ra 36 5 P 0 001 and IL 8 30 2 P 0 002 The 28 day mortality 28 vs 24 control P 0 84 and 60day mortality 39 vs 32 control P 0 75


id: cord-014464-m5n250r2
type: GGP
entity:
  IL 8 30 2 P 0 002 The 28 day mortality 28 vs 24 control P 0 84 and 60day mortality 39 vs 32 control P 0 75 did not diff er signifi cantly between the two studied groups Conclusion In this fi rst clinical study of a novel sorbent hemoadsorption


id: cord-014464-m5n250r2
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Using the Commissioning for Quality and Innovation CQUIN Payment Framework Guidance on National Goals for Refi


id: cord-014464-m5n250r2
type: DISEASE
entity:
  respiratory 42 neurological 40 renal 35 hematological 27 and hepatic 17 Cardiovascular and renal dysfunctions


id: cord-010980-sizuef1v
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  ROTEM parameters activated protein C aPC thrombomodulin endothelial protein C receptor thrombin antithrombin complex TAT plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 PAI 1


id: cord-010980-sizuef1v
type: DNA
entity:
  Kirov Military Medical Academy War Surgery Department The Combat Trauma Registry includes 5581 Russian wounded


id: cord-010980-sizuef1v
type: GGP
entity:
  Psychopathy b 0 177 p 0 034 Conclusions This study provides evidence for future knife carrying prevention interventions such as talks in schools or social media videos to focus more on how to increase self esteem stimulate empathy for and better


id: cord-010980-sizuef1v
type: GGP
entity:
  aPC thrombomodulin endothelial protein C receptor thrombin antithrombin complex TAT plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 PAI 1


id: cord-010980-sizuef1v
type: GGP
entity:
  Processes A Case Report Case history Clinical findings and Diagnosis 17 year old male low speed motorcycle crash with subsequent polytrauma He presented with right shoulder pain swelling and pain to the touch Articular CT revealed a type I fracture of the coracoid base type III acromion fracture and scapular body


id: cord-010980-sizuef1v
type: ORG
entity:
  Oslo University Hospital Department of Traumatology Oslo Norway 3 Oslo University Hospital Trauma Registry


id: cord-010980-sizuef1v
type: LAW
entity:
  Exploration of the middle finger reviled heavy contamination and comminution of the phalanx with injury to one


id: cord-010980-sizuef1v
type: ORG
entity:
  Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine SUITA Japan


id: cord-010980-sizuef1v
type: ORG
entity:
  Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Environmental and Population Science SUITA Japan Introduction


id: cord-010980-sizuef1v
type: ORG
entity:
  Medical University Graz Graz Austria 4 AUVA Unfallkrankenhaus Graz Austria 5 Medical University Graz Orthopaedics


id: cord-355038-o2hr5mox
type: CELL_LINE
entity:
  Kais Regaieg Sabrine Nakaa Arnaud Mailloux Madjid Boukari Johana Cohen Dany Goldgran Toledano Groupe hospitalier intercommunal Le Raincy Montfermeil Montfermeil France Correspondence Kais Regaieg


id: cord-355038-o2hr5mox
type: GGP
entity:
  H2 r 0 37 95 CI 0 10 0 59 p 0 0064 We showed a significant relationship between the variation in plasma concentration of GRP78


id: cord-355038-o2hr5mox
type: GGP
entity:
  IV p 10 3 duration of symptoms before hospitalization p 0 03 APACHE II score p 0 04 pH p 0 004 shock on admission p 0 01 and septic shock as evolutionary complication p 0 01 were predictors of mortality in our study Besides shock on admission p 0 001 and as evolutionary complication p 0 017 were the two independent prognostic factors


id: cord-355038-o2hr5mox
type: GGP
entity:
  Agir À Domicile GALICIER Lionel Consultancy Expert NOVARTIS EUSAPHARMA Trainings Teaching Baxalta PFIZER Invitation to national or international congresses No conflict of interest ICHAÏ Philippe No conflict of interest IMEN Sioud No conflict of interest IOOS Vincent No disclosure ISERIN Franck No disclosure ISSA Nahema No conflict of interest JABER Samir Consultancy Expert drager Fisher Paykel Medtronic Baxter Xenios Fresenius Invitation to national or international congresses Drager No conflict of interest JACQ Gwenaëlle No conflict of interest JACQUET Emmanuelle


id: cord-355038-o2hr5mox
type: ORG
entity:
  Réanimation Médicale CHU RENNES Rennes France 3 Réanimation Chirurgicale CHU NANTES Nantes France 4 Réanimation


id: cord-355038-o2hr5mox
type: ORG
entity:
  Fresenius Medical Care Consultancy Expert Fresenius Medical Care Trainings Teaching Fresenius Medical Care Invitation


id: cord-355038-o2hr5mox
type: DISEASE
entity:
  thoracic abdominal neurosurgery gynecologic urologic otorhinolaryngology or spinal surgery The primary


id: cord-335975-m6lkrehi
type: GGP
entity:
  envenomations i e 0 098 The median age was 43 years with extremes ranging from 20 to 78 years The sex ratio was 4 Scorpion stings occurred at night in 80 of patients 60 in the first half of the night between 6 pm and 11 59 pm and 20 in the second half of the night 0 to 5 h Venom inoculation points were in the lower limbs in 80 of cases followed by upper limbs 20 The color of the incriminated scorpion was yellow in 80 black in 10 and unspecified in 10 of the cases For admission classes there were 10 Class I 80 Class II


id: cord-005814-ak5pq312
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 sICAM 1 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 sVCAM 1 and E selectin sELAM 1 sICAM 1 sVCAM 1 sELAM 1


id: cord-005814-ak5pq312
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  plasma soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 sICAM 1 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 sVCAM 1 and E selecfin sELAM 1


id: cord-005814-ak5pq312
type: CELL_LINE
entity:
  PREHOSPITAL RESUSCITATION EFFORTS C K6ppel G Fahron H Lufft A KrUger C Th Jrk F Bertschat F Martens Dept of Nephrology add Medical Intensive Care Virchow Klinikum Humboldt Universit t D 13353 Bedin Germany Obiective The success rate of prehospital resuscitation in patients with cardiocirculatory arrest in an Emergency Medical System EMS


id: cord-005814-ak5pq312
type: CELL_LINE
entity:
  T45 T60 T65 T75 A 2 1 0 6 2 1 0 5 2 1 0 4 2 1 0 4 2 1 0 7 2 1 0 7 2 1 0 Conclusion the C slowed V L and V T


id: cord-005814-ak5pq312
type: CELL_LINE
entity:
  Swan Ganz pulmonary artery catheter Beckton Dickinson U S A Deseret 1000 Cardiac Output Computer Medical Inc U S A


id: cord-005814-ak5pq312
type: DNA
entity:
  ICU C Kotsavassiloglou D Matamis G Dadoudis J Kioumis D Riggos ICU dep G Papanicolaou Gen Hosp Exohl Thessaloniki


id: cord-005814-ak5pq312
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  pI F CACT PI7 r 0 62 CVC samples 132 88 34 22 V femoralis samples 1 28 84 29 24 p value n s n s Conclusion There is no difference in heparin


id: cord-005814-ak5pq312
type: CELL_LINE
entity:
  Swan Ganz pulmonary catheter PC requiremen t during elective cardiac surgery according to the need of sustained inotropic support after surgery Methods Three hundred patients aged from 27 to 85 89 females and 211 males were consecutively operated on for elective coronary artery bypass surgery CABG n 179 valvular replacement VR n 98 combination of both VR CABG n 15


id: cord-005814-ak5pq312
type: GGP
entity:
  LDH p 0 04 and a more marked hypoalbuminemia p O 03 Mortality was higer in Group A 52 6 than in Group B 29 6 p 0 04 Analysing the A


id: cord-005814-ak5pq312
type: GGP
entity:
  Objectives Activated endothelial cells release soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 sICAM 1 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 sVCAM 1


id: cord-005814-ak5pq312
type: GGP
entity:
  fenoterol 0 2 rag For 0 5 h spirometry was repeated Results In resting pulmonary abnormalities observer in the S


id: cord-005814-ak5pq312
type: GGP
entity:
  Propanolol i v RESULTS A significant increase of the aortic diastolic pressures and a significant decrease of the left ventricle telediastolic pressures


id: cord-005814-ak5pq312
type: GGP
entity:
  FIO2 0 4 4 pH 7 45 5 heart rate 20 bm and or 6 non mental alertness and 7 other medical disorders after which adequate weaning therapy was necessary Then successful weaning after 24h was considered 1 spontaneous breathing without any forrn of mechanical assistance 2 stability in haemodynamics and 3 elimination of fever threat Results 122 pts 75 were extubated at 8h without complication 29 other pts 18 at 8h but had to be reintubated because they were hypoxic and began weaning therapy finally they were all re extubated by 48h Only 11 pts 7 proved problematic Conclusion A aesthesia wimhlw options selectkm extubation reintubation and weaning predicted quick times Propofol administration and safe rigid criteria extubation 75 8h and 18 24h exempting pts with developed post operative complications 7 extubation


id: cord-005814-ak5pq312
type: GGP
entity:
  8channel electroencephalograph 4 channel roencephalograph AD converter 16 analog inputs 12 bit resolution 60 k Hz IBM


id: cord-005814-ak5pq312
type: GGP
entity:
  MAP T0 124mmHg T8 118mmHg HR T0 177 T8 201 RAP T0 11mmHg T8 19mmHg PAP T0 26mmHg T8 31mmHg PCWP T0 14mmHg T8 15 mHg SVR T0


id: cord-005814-ak5pq312
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Laterre F Thys E Danse J P Pelgrim E Florence Z Roeseler M S R eynaert Dept of Intensive Care St Luc Univ Hospital Brussels Belgium Therapy


id: cord-005814-ak5pq312
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  A Michalopoulos A Anthi K Rellos J Kriaras S Geroulanos Intensive Care Unit Onassis Cardiac Center Athens


id: cord-005814-ak5pq312
type: ORG
entity:
  Chair of Anaesthesiology Resuccitation and Medicine of Catastrophes Neurology of Ukrainian State Medical


id: cord-005814-ak5pq312
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  CO 133_ 4 vs 144_ 8 p 0 28 and QSt AA 21 5_ 0 8 vs 22 8_ 0 9 p 0 09 The results of regional pertusion


id: cord-005814-ak5pq312
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  xauifosted b 7 the exhaust of Lhe confulaLion nod oessel plateL heuoStasis The consuxptton of cnnpononts tbronbln


id: cord-005814-ak5pq312
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  carbamates 5 8 imidazopyridines 5 1 cyclqpyrrol0nes 2 7 Analgesics and nonsteroidal antiinflammatories represented 6 8 of


# url

id: cord-299613-5ju5fcf4
domain: www.cnn.com
url:
  http://www.cnn.com/2020/04/23/opinions/struggle-between-people-and-microscopic-pathogens-mokyr/index.html


id: cord-299613-5ju5fcf4
domain: www.cdc.gov
url:
  http://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/covid-data/investigations-discovery/hospitalizationdeath-by-age.html


id: cord-299613-5ju5fcf4
domain: www.eeoc.gov
url:
  http://www.eeoc.gov/statistics/employment/jobpatterns/eeo1/2018/national-naics3/table?naics=311&state=&cbsa=


# bib

id: cord-000522-d498qj2b
title: Reducing mortality in sepsis: new directions
author: Vincent, Jean-Louis
date: 2002-12-05
txt: ./txt/cord-000522-d498qj2b.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-000522-d498qj2b.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3239386/
doi: 10.1186/cc1860
summary:
  Five topics were selected that have been shown in randomized, controlled trials to reduce mortality: limiting the tidal volume in acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome, early goal-directed therapy, use of drotrecogin alfa (activated), use of moderate doses of steroids, and tight control of blood sugar. The present article provides guidelines from experts in the field on optimal patient selection and timing for each intervention, and provides advice on how to integrate new therapies into ICU practice, including protocol development, so that mortality rates from this disease process can be reduced. The interventions discussed encompassed low tidal volume in patients with acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (Edward Abraham), early goal-directed therapy (EGDT) (Emanuel Rivers), drotrecogin alfa (activated) (Gordon Bernard), moderate-dose corticosteroids (Djillali Annane), and tight control of blood sugar (Greet Van den Berghe).

abstract:
  Considerable progress has been made in the past few years in the development of therapeutic interventions that can reduce mortality in sepsis. However, encouraging physicians to put the results of new studies into practice is not always simple. A roundtable was thus convened to provide guidance for clinicians on the integration and implementation of new interventions into the intensive care unit (ICU). Five topics were selected that have been shown in randomized, controlled trials to reduce mortality: limiting the tidal volume in acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome, early goal-directed therapy, use of drotrecogin alfa (activated), use of moderate doses of steroids, and tight control of blood sugar. One of the principal investigators for each study was invited to participate in the roundtable. The discussions and questions that followed the presentation of data by each panel member enabled a consensus recommendation to be derived regarding when each intervention should be used. Each new intervention has a place in the management of patients with sepsis. Furthermore, and importantly, the therapies are not mutually exclusive; many patients will need a combination of several approaches – an 'ICU package'. The present article provides guidelines from experts in the field on optimal patient selection and timing for each intervention, and provides advice on how to integrate new therapies into ICU practice, including protocol development, so that mortality rates from this disease process can be reduced.


id: cord-003011-vclnb0eh
author: de Almeida, Carlos Podalirio Borges
date: 2018-05-08
txt: ./txt/cord-003011-vclnb0eh.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-003011-vclnb0eh.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5940698/
doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-25409-5
summary:
  title: Predictors of In-Hospital Mortality among Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to identify predictors of in-hospital mortality among patients with PTB. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Global Health, for cohort and case-control studies that reported risk factors for in-hospital mortality in PTB. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to establish predictors of in-hospital mortality among patients with pulmonary TB. Eligible trials met the following criteria 1 : cohort or case-control design 2 ; explored risk factors for in-hospital mortality among patients with pulmonary TB in an adjusted analysis. This systematic review and meta-analysis is expected to serve as a basis for evidence to reduce in-hospital mortality in TB patients, and as a guide for future research based on identified knowledge gaps. Predictors of in-hospital mortality among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis: a protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

title:
  Predictors of In-Hospital Mortality among Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

abstract:
  Background: There is uncertainty regarding which factors are associated with in-hospital mortality among patients with pulmonary TB (PTB). The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to identify predictors of in-hospital mortality among patients with PTB. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Global Health, for cohort and case-control studies that reported risk factors for in-hospital mortality in PTB. We pooled all factors that were assessed for an association, and presented relative associations as pooled odds ratios (ORs). Results: We identified 2,969 records, of which we retrieved 51 in full text; 11 cohort studies that evaluated 5,468 patients proved eligible. Moderate quality evidence suggested an association with co-morbid malignancy and in-hospital mortality (OR 1.85; 95% CI 1.01–3.40). Low quality evidence showed no association with positive sputum smear (OR 0.99; 95% CI 0.40–2.48), or male sex (OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.84–1.41), and very low quality evidence showed no association with diabetes mellitus (OR 1.31, 95% IC 0.38–4.46), and previous TB infection (OR 2.66, 95% CI 0.48–14.87). Conclusion: Co-morbid malignancy was associated with increased risk of in-hospital death among pulmonary TB patients. There is insufficient evidence to confirm positive sputum smear, male sex, diabetes mellitus, and previous TB infection as predictors of in-hospital mortality in TB patients.


id: cord-003340-nqc1pduk
author: Dahal, Sushma
date: 2018-07-26
txt: ./txt/cord-003340-nqc1pduk.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-003340-nqc1pduk.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6269250/
doi: 10.1093/aje/kwy146
summary:
  title: Natality Decline and Spatial Variation in Excess Death Rates During the 1918–1920 Influenza Pandemic in Arizona, United States Moreover, excess mortality rates were highest in northern Arizona counties, where Native Americans were historically concentrated, suggesting a link between ethnic and/or sociodemographic factors and risk of pandemic-related death. Moreover, excess mortality rates were highest in northern Arizona counties, where Native Americans were historically concentrated, suggesting a link between ethnic and/or sociodemographic factors and risk of pandemic-related death. We also analyzed 21,334 individual birth certificates to quantify the impact of the 1918-1920 influenza pandemic on natality fluctuations in Maricopa county, the most populous county in Arizona state. Likewise, our results suggest that northern counties in Arizona with high Native American population density (e.g., Apache, Coconino, and Navajo) experienced higher excess pandemic death rates compared with other counties in the state.

title:
  Natality Decline and Spatial Variation in Excess Death Rates During the 1918–1920 Influenza Pandemic in Arizona, United States

abstract:
  A large body of epidemiologic research has concentrated on the 1918 influenza pandemic, but more work is needed to understand spatial variation in pandemic mortality and its effects on natality. We collected and analyzed 35,151 death records from Arizona for 1915–1921 and 21,334 birth records from Maricopa county for 1915–1925. We estimated the number of excess deaths and births before, during, and after the pandemic period, and we found a significant decline in the number of births occurring 9–11 months after peak pandemic mortality. Moreover, excess mortality rates were highest in northern Arizona counties, where Native Americans were historically concentrated, suggesting a link between ethnic and/or sociodemographic factors and risk of pandemic-related death. The relationship between birth patterns and pandemic mortality risk should be further studied at different spatial scales and in different ethnic groups.


id: cord-003532-lcgeingz
author: nan
date: 2019-03-19
txt: ./txt/cord-003532-lcgeingz.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-003532-lcgeingz.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6423782/
doi: 10.1186/s13054-019-2358-0
abstract: nan
summary:
  It''s proposed to evaluate the association between myocardial injury biomarkers, high-sensitive troponin T (hs-cTnT) and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-ProBNP), with inflammatory mediators (IL-6, IL-1Β , IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 / IL-23p40, IL17A, IL-21 and TNF-α ) and biomarkers, C protein reactive (CPR) and procalcitonin (PCT), in septic patients Methods: This was a prospective cohort study performed in three intensive care units, from September 2007 to September 2010 enrolling patients with sepsis (infection associated with organ dysfunction), and septic shock (hypotension refractory by fluids infusion requiring vasopressor). Blood samples were collected up to 48h after the development of first organ dysfunction (D0) and on the 7th day after inclusion in the study (D7) Results: Ninety-five patients were enrolled, with median age 64 years (interquatile?48-78), APACHE II: median 19 (14-22), SOFA: median 8 (5-10); 24.2% were admitted in ICU with sepsis and 75.8% with septic shock.

title:
  39th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine: Brussels, Belgium, 19-22 March 2019


id: cord-003571-upogtny6
title: The 1918 Influenza Pandemic: Looking Back, Looking Forward
author: Viboud, Cécile
date: 2018-10-20
txt: ./txt/cord-003571-upogtny6.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-003571-upogtny6.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6454441/
doi: 10.1093/aje/kwy207
summary:
  In the present commentary, we place these 12 articles in the context of a growing body of work on the archeo-epidemiology of past pandemics, the socioeconomic and geographic drivers of influenza mortality and natality impact, and renewed interest in immune imprinting mechanisms and the development of novel influenza vaccines. In the present commentary, we place these 12 articles in the context of a growing body of work on the archeo-epidemiology of past pandemics, the socioeconomic and geographic drivers of influenza mortality and natality impact, and renewed interest in immune imprinting mechanisms and the development of novel influenza vaccines. age patterns; history of epidemiology; influenza; mortality; pandemic; prior immunity One hundred years after the fact, the 1918 influenza pandemic remains one of the most important epidemics of the modern medical era; it was significant for its impact on both human health and the development of epidemiology and other medical sciences.

abstract:
  In commemoration of the centennial of the 1918 influenza pandemic, the American Journal of Epidemiology has convened a collection of 12 articles that further illuminate the epidemiology of that pandemic and consider whether we would be more prepared if an equally deadly influenza virus were to emerge again. In the present commentary, we place these 12 articles in the context of a growing body of work on the archeo-epidemiology of past pandemics, the socioeconomic and geographic drivers of influenza mortality and natality impact, and renewed interest in immune imprinting mechanisms and the development of novel influenza vaccines. We also highlight persisting mysteries in the origins and severity of the 1918 pandemic and the need to preserve rapidly decaying information that may provide treasure troves for future generations.


id: cord-005497-w81ysjf9
author: nan
date: 2020-03-24
txt: ./txt/cord-005497-w81ysjf9.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-005497-w81ysjf9.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7092506/
doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-2772-3
abstract: nan
summary:
  The positive NC group had more plasma transfusion (p-value 0.03) and a lower median hematocrit at 24 hrs (p-value 0.013), but similar hospital length of stay (p=0.17) and mortality rate (p=0.80) Conclusions: NC at ICU admission identifies subclinical AKI in TBI patients and it maight be used to predictclinical AKI. In patients with pneumonia requiring intensive care (ICU) admission, we hypothesise that abnormal right ventricular (RV) function is associated with an increased 90-day mortality. The objective of this study was to describe the incidence of each AKI stages as defined by KDIGO definition (with evaluation of urine output, serum creatinine and initiation of renal replacement therapy (RRT)), in a mixed medical and surgical population of patients hospitalized in ICU and PCU over a 10-year period (2008-2018). This study aimed at investigating the relationship of goal-directed energy and protein adequacy on clinical outcomes which includes mortality, intensive care unit(ICU) and hospital length of stay (LOS), and length of mechanical ventilation (LOMV).

title:
  40th International Symposium on Intensive Care & Emergency Medicine: Brussels, Belgium. 24-27 March 2020


id: cord-005777-6rvfsx4p
title: PS 0420-0716
author: nan
date: 2007-08-25
txt: ./txt/cord-005777-6rvfsx4p.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-005777-6rvfsx4p.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7095424/
doi: 10.1007/s00134-007-0823-8
abstract: nan
summary:
  We prospectively recorded data of all patients who were newly diagnosed with AF and all those with a septic shock on a surgical ICU (no cardiac surgery) during a one year period according to the requirements of the local ethical committee. Our aim was to evaluate the predictive role of admission APACHE II, admission and total maximum SOFA score, hypoalbuminemia, increased serum creatinine, C-reactive protein, lactate, and serum blood glucose for the 30-day mortality of septic patients admitted to medical ICU. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical presentation and to evaluate mortality associated factors (timing and accurancy of diagnosis, timing of surgery, severity score and organ failure, surgical and medical treatments). Data were extracted independently to assess intention to treat intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital mortality, days of mechanical ventilation, length of stay, incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia and pneumothorax, and associated complications of the implemented intervention.


id: cord-005814-ak5pq312
title: 8th European Congress of Intensive Care Medicine Athens - Greece, October 18–22, 1995 Abstracts
author: nan
date: 1995
txt: ./txt/cord-005814-ak5pq312.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-005814-ak5pq312.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7095534/
doi: 10.1007/bf02426401
abstract: nan
summary:
  Results: In 5 patients with treated SS, 16 tests were performed (VL n=8; Dobu n=4; NA n=4 Method: Septic shock was defined as severe sepsis with either persistent hypotension (mean arterial pressure; MAP<70 mmHg) or the requirement for a noradrenaline (NA) infusion ~> 0.1 ~g/kg/min with a MAP _< 90mmHg. Cardiovascular support was limited to NA + dobutamine (DB), 546C88 was administered for up to 8 h at a fixed dose-rate of either i, 2.5, 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg/h iv. Methods: Fourteen cases were s~udied,their gestational age ranged from(27-32)ws.Continnous positive air way pressure was applied to six cases at Peep level from (3-6)cm H2o through nasal pronge,(group I),the other 8 cases were managed as routine,(group II).Blood gases, TcPO2,TcCo2,resp.rate,depth and pattern were monitored for assessment of tissue Oxygenation and ventilation, Results: Our rasults showed that early application of CPAP improve ventilation among (83.3%)of cases,while (16.7%)of cases need IMV.The cases of group II need IMV among (75%)of the studied cases during the second or the third day of life.


id: cord-005816-i54q5gsu
title: 10(th) European Congress of Trauma and Emergency Surgery: May 13–17, 2009 Antalya, Turkey
author: nan
date: 2009-08-06
txt: ./txt/cord-005816-i54q5gsu.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-005816-i54q5gsu.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7095784/
doi: 10.1007/s00068-009-8001-z
abstract: nan
summary:
  Several factors such as the initial lack of symptoms, a low diagnostic sensitivity of the CT (34% false negatives), and the nonoperative management of solid organ injuries, have contributed to a delayed diagnosis in one of every five patients in our series, but this has not led to a significant increase in septic complications in this group. Method: The demographic features, the treatments, the intensity of the illness and mortality rate of the 155 patients in Afyon Kocatepe University General Surgery clinic between the years 2006 Background: Enterocutaneous fistula continues to be a serious surgical problem. Introduction: In our previous study, we examined the treatment results of burn patients older than 45 years, and found a significant increase in mortality with increasing age groups. Methods: Data on emergency surgical cases and admissions to the surgical service over a 3-month period were collected and analyzed; this included patient demographics, referral sources, diagnosis, operation, and length of stay (LOS Conclusion: Emergency workload represents a significant part of the work for the general surgeons.


id: cord-010980-sizuef1v
title: ECTES Abstracts 2020
author: nan
date: 2020-05-11
txt: ./txt/cord-010980-sizuef1v.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-010980-sizuef1v.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7223217/
doi: 10.1007/s00068-020-01343-y
abstract: nan
summary:
  We hypothesized that presentation to a PTC would yield increased mortality when subspecialty intervention was required and that this would be most pronounced at night when in-house attending coverage is absent at all state PTCs. Materials and methods: A review of the Pennsylvania Trauma Outcome Study (PTOS) database was performed to capture patients aged 12-18 who underwent any non-orthopedic trauma surgery. Traumatic subaxial cervical fractures: functional prognostic factors and survival analysis Introduction: The main goal of this study is to identify the risk factors for poor functional outcomes and to analyze the overall survival (OS) and complications rate in patients with traumatic cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) and subaxial cervical fracture (SACF) treated with open surgical fixation. After applying a multiple imputation on all the study variables, a logistic regression generalized estimating equation after adjustment for age, sex, mechanism of trauma, and the injury severity score as covariates and hospitals as a cluster assessed an association between quartile of patient volume in intensive care unit and hospital mortality.


id: cord-013338-0jlxuksk
title: An increasing trend in geriatric trauma patients undergoing surgical stabilization of rib fractures
author: Duong, William
date: 2020-10-23
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7583690/
doi: 10.1007/s00068-020-01526-7
abstract:
  PURPOSE: The proportion of geriatric trauma patients (GTPs) (age ≥ 65 years old) with chest wall injury undergoing surgical stabilization of rib fractures (SSRF) nationally is unknown. We hypothesize a growing trend of GTPs undergoing SSRF, and sought to evaluate risk of respiratory complications and mortality for GTPs compared to younger adults (18–64 years old) undergoing SSRF. METHODS: The Trauma Quality Improvement Program (2010–2016) was queried for patients with rib fracture(s) who underwent SSRF. GTPs were compared to younger adults. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS: From 21,517 patients undergoing SSRF, 3,001 (16.2%) were GTPs. Of all patients undergoing SSRF in 2010, 10.6% occurred on GTPs increasing to 17.9% in 2016 (p < 0.001) with a geometric-mean-annual increase of 11.5%. GTPs had a lower median injury severity score (18 vs. 22, p < 0.001), but had a higher rate of mortality (4.7% vs. 1.2%, p < 0.001). After controlling for covariates, GTPs had an increased associated risk of mortality (OR 4.80, CI 3.62–6.36, p < 0.001). On a separate multivariate analysis for all trauma patients with isolated chest Abbreviated Injury Scale 3, GTPs were associated with a similar four-fold risk of mortality (OR 4.21, CI 1.98–6.32, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Spanning 7 years of data, the proportion of GTPs undergoing SSRF increased by over 7%. Although GTPs undergoing SSRF had lesser injuries, their risk of mortality was four times higher than other adult trauma patients undergoing SSRF, which was similar to their increased background risk of mortality. Ultimately, SSRF in GTPs should be considered on an individualized basis with careful attention to risk–benefit ratio. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00068-020-01526-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.


id: cord-014464-m5n250r2
title: Lethal influenza virus A H1N1 infection in two relatives with autosomal dominant GATA-2 deficiency
author: Sole-Violan, J
date: 2013-03-19
txt: ./txt/cord-014464-m5n250r2.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-014464-m5n250r2.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3642469/
doi: 10.1186/cc11953
abstract: nan
summary:
  Results In preliminary analysis of categorical data, a signifi cantly (Fisher exact test) greater proportion of patients with compared with without the following fi ndings did not survive; history of alcohol use (P = 0.05); the presence of lethargy (P = 0.01), confusion (P = 0.03), nausea (P = 0.04), abdominal pain (P = 0.02), or the need for vasopressors (P = 0.002), oxygen, mechanical ventilation, or steroids (all P = 0.004) at presentation; and excessive bleeding at surgery (P = 0.01). Methods To prospectively re-evaluate the normal range and to analyze the potential impact of biometric data on ICG-PDR, we measured ICG-PDR (i.v. injection of 0.25 mg/kg ICG; LiMON, Pulsion, Munich, Introduction Mixed venous oxygen saturation (SVO 2 ) represents a well-recognized parameter of oxygen delivery (DO 2 )-consumption (VO 2 ) mismatch and its use has been advocated in critically ill patients in order to guide hemodynamic resuscitation [1] and oxygen delivery optimization.


id: cord-014538-6a2pviol
title: Proceedings of Réanimation 2017, the French Intensive Care Society International Congress
author: Kamilia, Chtara
date: 2017-01-10
txt: ./txt/cord-014538-6a2pviol.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-014538-6a2pviol.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5225389/
doi: 10.1186/s13613-016-0224-7
abstract: nan
summary:
  Other parameters that were significantly different between the patients who died and those who survived were an advanced age, an elevated IGS II score at hospital admission, an elevated SOFA score at study entry, a late healthcare-associated infection and several biological variables: a high C reactive protein, low albumin and prealbumin and a poor percent of monocytes expressing HLA-DR, all measured at day 7. Parameters collected were demographic features, comorbidities, regular treatment, dyspnea assessed by the MRC scale, initial clinical severity reflected by SAPS II and APACHE II scores, modalities and ICU admission deadlines, initial arterial blood gas analysis, management of patients in the ICU (ventilation modalities, prescription of antibiotics, use of vasoactive drugs) and their outcomes (incidence of nosocomial infections and their sites, length of stay and ICU mortality).


id: cord-014996-p6q0f37c
title: Posters_Monday_12 October 2009
author: nan
date: 2009-08-06
txt: ./txt/cord-014996-p6q0f37c.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-014996-p6q0f37c.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7094934/
doi: 10.1007/s00134-009-1593-2
abstract: nan
summary:
  Data recorded on admission were the patient demographics with, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II score (APACHE II), and type of admission; during intensive care stay, sepsis-related organ failure assessment score (SOFA) and clinical concomitant factors and conditions. For each severe septic patient the following data was registered: time delay, APACHE II and SOFA scores at ICU admission, diagnosis, the rate of compliance with the resucitation and management bundles, microbiological data, evolution of levels of serum lactate, empiric antibiotic therapy, length of stay and mortality in ICU. Sepsis and septic shock remain the most important causes of acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill patients and account for more than 50% of cases of acute renal failure (ARF) in intensive care units (ICU). There were no significant differences between the demographic data (sex, age) or the data on admission to intensive care (APACHE II score, ratio of medical to surgical patients) and duration of mechanical ventilation between the two groups.


id: cord-015082-l629n8is
title: Poster Sessions 323-461
author: nan
date: 2002-08-29
txt: ./txt/cord-015082-l629n8is.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-015082-l629n8is.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7095316/
doi: 10.1007/s00134-002-1455-7
abstract: nan
summary:
  14 patients awaiting urgent cardiac surgical re-vascularisation were studied with measurement of: spirometry; percentage increase in transfer factor from sitting to lying position (TF) as an indicator of micro-vascular lung disease; overnight oximetry on air; and 24hour holter monitoring Patients, who were reintubated on decreased indices of arterial oxygenation under MOSF progressing died in 100% cases ( NIMV is effective method in complex therapy of ARF, developing in postoperative period after cardiac surgery, that leads to significant improvement of lungs biomechanics and gases change function. In a prospective observational study we performed bedside ptO2 measurements in 8 patients with sepsis/septic shock to gain insight in ptO2 values and their dynamic changes related to the course of the illness, as well as investigating the practical applicability of tissue oxygen measurement in the ICU setting.


id: cord-015126-cyhcbk1j
title: PS 0036-0344
author: nan
date: 2007-08-25
txt: ./txt/cord-015126-cyhcbk1j.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-015126-cyhcbk1j.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7095535/
doi: 10.1007/s00134-007-0820-y
abstract: nan
summary:
  We compared them with ≥70 years old and an ICU stay < 30 days patients, the differences in ICU mortality, Apache II, age, gender and the necessity for renal replacement therapy (RRT) were not significant (see table) . The patients with mild form of acute pancreatitis had low mortality rate (similar to general ward population) despite positive ICU admission criteria in our case series with fifty per cent development of severe form with organ dysfunction/failure later on. Collected data:Demographics,Management prior and during ICU hospitalization (sedation, catecolamin drug use, blood product transfusion, intra-cranial pressure monitoring, neurosurgical emergency surgery etc.),CT-Scan results, Daily worst Glasgow coma scale, admission Simplified Acute Physiology Score II. This prospective interventional study performed in a surgical Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary University Hospital included 35 (21 males) mechanically ventilated and sedated patients with acute cardiovascular failure requiring cardiac output measurement (transpulmonary thermodilution technique)and a fluid challenge.


id: cord-015651-yhi83hgq
author: Kovács, Katalin
date: 2014-03-25
txt: ./txt/cord-015651-yhi83hgq.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-015651-yhi83hgq.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7114985/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-03029-6_4
summary:
  One of main conclusions has been that they have not so far undergone the healthier life style changes that have occurred in Western Europe, and this has resulted in a "reversed epidemiological transition", in which an elevated burden of cardiovascular diseases dominates the pattern of mortality (Vallin and Meslé 2004) . In this paper I shall review recent developments in epidemiological transition theory, and test the applicability of some of these theories to the evolution of cause-and education-specific mortality inequalities in Hungary between 1971 and 2008. Omran, starting from his very first publication, continuously mentioned social disparities in mortality as well as the driving forces listed above but he did not provide a theoretical framework for the application of these in connection with particular mortality or disease patterns specific for single countries or population sub-groups.

title:
  Social Disparities in the Evolution of an Epidemiological Profile: Transition Processes in Mortality Between 1971 and 2008 in an Industrialized Middle Income Country: The Case of Hungary

abstract:
  The present paper seeks to understand the transformation of mortality patterns in Hungary, by which mortality inequalities by education began to appear in the early 1980s, continued to grow in the following 25 years, and now seem to be stabilising. The first part of this paper overviews the theoretical innovations of the last decades regarding the interpretation of cause-specific mortality dynamics, often referred to as epidemiological transition theories, and their relevance for the analysis of mortality inequalities. The paper then analyses the cause-specific trends of mortality for two educational classes between 1971 and 2008. The trends were corrected for changes in the coding system and divided into linear (stagnating, increasing or decreasing) periods. Causes of death were grouped according to the relationship between the sequences of these periods for the two educational classes. The 57 causes of death were finally clustered into six groups. One group, which is dominated by nutrition-related and cardiovascular diseases, is largely responsible for the onset of mortality inequalities in 1980. The results imply that the quality of nutrition has diverged for the educational classes since 1980, and this fact has left its footprint on the pattern of mortality. The history of food production and availability seems to be in line with nutrition-related mortality, and it is argued that nutrition transition theory provides a very plausible explanatory framework for the growth of mortality inequalities.


id: cord-018834-4ligp4ak
title: The Perioperative Use of Albumin
author: Farag, Ehab
date: 2016-06-23
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7123816/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-39141-0_9
abstract:
  Human serum albumin (HSA) is the predominant product of hepatic protein synthesis and one of the more abundant plasma proteins. HSA is a monomeric multidomain macromolecule, representing the main determinant of plasma oncotic pressure and the main modulator of fluid distribution between body compartments. HSA displays an essential role in maintaining the integrity of the vascular barrier. HSA is the most important antioxidant capacity of human plasma, in addition to its ability to protect the body from the harmful effects of heavy metals such as iron and copper and reduce their ability to produce reactive oxygen radicals. HSA is the main depot for nitric oxide (NO) transport in the blood. HSA represents the main carrier for fatty acids, affects pharmacokinetics of many drugs, and provides the metabolic modification of some drugs and displays pseudo-enzymatic properties. HSA has been widely used successfully for more than 50 years in many settings of perioperative medicine including hypovolemia, shock, burns, surgical blood loss, sepsis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Recently, the use of HSA has shown a promising neuroprotective effect in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. The most recent evidence-based functions and uses of HSA in the perioperative period are reviewed in this chapter.


id: cord-027259-f4sgobcz
title: Stroke ICU Patient Mortality Day Prediction
author: Metsker, Oleg
date: 2020-05-23
txt: ./txt/cord-027259-f4sgobcz.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-027259-f4sgobcz.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7303676/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-50423-6_29
summary:
  On the basis of the analysis of 12 modern prognostic models from 10 countries we can identify some of the most stable (main) predictors for the causes of intra-hospital mortality: age [16, [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] ; type of stroke [25] ; lesion location [25] ; level of consciousness [11, 20, 23, 25, 26] upon admission; NIHSS stroke severity [10, 21, 22, 24] ; comorbidity [22, 27] , Charlson comorbidity index [23] , Atrial fibrillation [11, 22] , case history Transitor ischemic attack (TIA) [31]; hospital complications (high intracranial pressure) [16] , pneumonia, seizures, anxiety/depression, infections, limb pains and constipation [22, 27] . Early mortality in each subgroup was associated with a number of demographic, clinical, and instrumental-laboratory characteristics based on the interpretation of the results of calculating the significance of predictors of binary classification models by machine learning methods from the Scikit-Learn library 2 .

abstract:
  This article presents a study on development of methods for analysis of data reflecting the process of treatment of stroke inpatients to predict clinical outcomes at the emergency care unit. The aim of this work is to develop models for the creation of validated risk scales for early intravenous stroke with minimum number of parameters with maximum prognostic accuracy and possibility to calculate the time of “expected intravenous stroke mortality”. The study of experience in the development and use of medical information systems allows us to state the insufficient ability of existing models for adequate data analysis, weak formalization and lack of system approach in the collection of diagnostic data, insufficient personalization of diagnostic data on the factors determining early intravenous stroke mortality. In our study we divided patients into 3 subgroups according to the time of death - up to 1 day, 1 to 3 days, and 4 to 10 days. Early mortality in each subgroup was associated with a number of demographic, clinical, and instrumental-laboratory characteristics based on the interpretation of the results of calculating the significance of predictors of binary classification models by machine learning methods from the Scikit-Learn library. The target classes in training were “mortality rate of 1 day”, “mortality rate of 1–3 days”, “mortality rate from 4 days”. AUC ROC of trained models reached 91% for the method of random forest. The results of interpretation of decision trees and calculation of significance of predictors of built-in methods of random forest coincide that can prove to correctness of calculations.


id: cord-261377-m5djp8mh
title: COVID-19 and potential global mortality - Revisited
author: Grech, Victor
date: 2020-04-30
txt: ./txt/cord-261377-m5djp8mh.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-261377-m5djp8mh.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32387001/
doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105054
abstract: nan
summary:
  title: COVID-19 and potential global mortality Revisited (1) In a previous paper,(2) this author attempted to assess potential COVID-19 continent-based mortality based on initial WHO data from China which estimated that 14% of infected cases are severe and require hospitalisation, 5% of infected cases are very severe and require intensive care admission, mostly for ventilation, and 4% of infected die. For this reason, the table in the initial paper showing continent and global estimates (2) has been recalculated with a correction factor, an estimated 10% symptomatic proportion of infected individuals. Clearly, this pandemic has the potential to be as severe in terms of mortality as the influenza pandemic of 1918 which killed more than 50 million people and caused more than 500 million infections worldwide.(5) The conclusions of the previous paper stand. Unknown unknowns -COVID-19 and potential global mortality


id: cord-269777-dm6te7nw
title: Intervention decision model to prevent spiking mortality of turkeys
author: Vukina, T
date: 1998-07-01
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579119409061
doi: 10.1093/ps/77.7.950
abstract:
  Abstract Based on the daily records on turkeys' mortalities for the series of flocks placed on different farms in a relatively compact geographical area for the period of approximately 2 yr and other relevant explanatory variables, the goal of the research was to design a decision model to determine whether or not to use the fluorquinolone antibiotic, sarafloxacin, to prevent spiking mortality of turkeys. The core of the designed decision model is the forecasting model that attempts to ex-ante predict the cumulative flock mortality for the period between 8 and 28 d of age. Forecasts were generated with the parameters of the linear regression model where continuous values of daily mortalities served as a dependent variable. The decision variable is a binary (yes/no) choice variable, where “yes” means “go ahead with treatment” and “no” means “do nothing”. If the predicted cumulative mortality for the period between 8 and 28 d of age exceeds 9% of the total initial placement, the model generates a “yes” signal. If the predicted cumulative mortality for the same period is below 9% of the total initial placement, the model generates a “no” signal. The results indicate a reasonable accuracy of the prediction model where the number of correct prediction increases and the number of incorrect predictions falls very fast as the forecasting window shortens. The intervention decision model could help veterinarians in making decisions on whether or not to treat the suspect flocks.


id: cord-273283-gb0m6fue
title: A novel severity score to predict inpatient mortality in COVID-19 patients
author: Altschul, David J.
date: 2020-10-07
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33028914/
doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-73962-9
abstract:
  COVID-19 is commonly mild and self-limiting, but in a considerable portion of patients the disease is severe and fatal. Determining which patients are at high risk of severe illness or mortality is essential for appropriate clinical decision making. We propose a novel severity score specifically for COVID-19 to help predict disease severity and mortality. 4711 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were included. We derived a risk model using the first half of the cohort (n = 2355 patients) by logistic regression and bootstrapping methods. The discriminative power of the risk model was assessed by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC). The severity score was validated in a second half of 2356 patients. Mortality incidence was 26.4% in the derivation cohort and 22.4% in the validation cohort. A COVID-19 severity score ranging from 0 to 10, consisting of age, oxygen saturation, mean arterial pressure, blood urea nitrogen, C-Reactive protein, and the international normalized ratio was developed. A ROC curve analysis was performed in the derivation cohort achieved an AUC of 0.824 (95% CI 0.814–0.851) and an AUC of 0.798 (95% CI 0.789–0.818) in the validation cohort. Furthermore, based on the risk categorization the probability of mortality was 11.8%, 39% and 78% for patient with low (0–3), moderate (4–6) and high (7–10) COVID-19 severity score. This developed and validated novel COVID-19 severity score will aid physicians in predicting mortality during surge periods.


id: cord-280348-vrnxucye
author: Argano, Christiano
date: 2020-07-27
txt: ./txt/cord-280348-vrnxucye.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-280348-vrnxucye.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32720248/
doi: 10.1007/s11739-020-02412-1
summary:
  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represents an important leading cause of morbidity and mortality with high economic and social costs: according to the WHO, COPD is the fourth most common cause of death worldwide, and it is estimated to be the third by 2020; furthermore, the global burden of COPD is expected to increase in the coming years, due to the prevalence of smoking and aging of the world population [1] . The following clinical characteristics were evaluated: respiratory and non-respiratory disease distribution at hospital admission (according to International Classification of Diseases-Ninth Revision); cognitive status and mood disorders (by the Short-Blessed-Test [SBT] [9] and the Geriatric-Depression-Scale [GDS] [10] ,respectively; performance in activities of daily living at hospital admission (measured by means of the Barthel Index [BI] [11] ; severity and comorbidity index(assessed by the Cumulative-Illness-Rating-Scale CIRS-s and CIRS-c, respectively) [12] , glomerular filtration rate (using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration-formula [13] ), length of hospital stay, drugs prescriptions (at admission, discharge, at 3 and 12 months follow-up), destination at discharge, in-hospital and 3-month and 1-year mortality rate.

title:
  Pattern of comorbidities and 1-year mortality in elderly patients with COPD hospitalized in internal medicine wards: data from the RePoSI Registry

abstract:
  Currently, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represents the fourth cause of death worldwide with significant economic burden. Comorbidities increase in number and severity with age and are identified as important determinants that influence the prognosis. In this observational study, we retrospectively analyzed data collected from the RePoSI register. We aimed to investigate comorbidities and outcomes in a cohort of hospitalized elderly patients with the clinical diagnosis of COPD. Socio-demographic, clinical characteristics and laboratory findings were considered. The association between variables and in-hospital, 3-month and 1-year follow-up were analyzed. Among 4696 in-patients, 932 (19.8%) had a diagnosis of COPD. Patients with COPD had more hospitalization, a significant overt cognitive impairment, a clinically significant disability and more depression in comparison with non-COPD subjects. COPD patients took more drugs, both at admission, in-hospital stay, discharge and 3-month and 1-year follow-up. 14 comorbidities were more frequent in COPD patients. Cerebrovascular disease was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality. At 3-month follow-up, male sex and hepatic cirrhosis were independently associated with mortality. ICS-LABA therapy was predictor of mortality at in-hospital, 3-month and 1-year follow-up. This analysis showed the severity of impact of COPD and its comorbidities in the real life of internal medicine and geriatric wards. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s11739-020-02412-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.


id: cord-282660-9x937eus
author: Muñoz Vives, Josep Maria
date: 2020-05-06
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32618917/
doi: 10.2106/jbjs.20.00686
title:
  Mortality Rates of Patients with Proximal Femoral Fracture in a Worldwide Pandemic: Preliminary Results of the Spanish HIP-COVID Observational Study

abstract:
  The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), in December 2019 in Wuhan, People’s Republic of China, has developed into an unprecedented pandemic with enormous pressure on health-care providers around the world. A higher mortality rate has been described in older infected individuals. Patients with hip fracture are a particularly vulnerable population during this pandemic because older age is associated with a higher mortality rate. Our aim was to describe the early mortality rate and demographic variables in a hip fracture sample population in Spain during the coronavirus pandemic. METHODS: This is a multicenter, observational, retrospective, descriptive study. We collected data from 13 major hospitals in Spain from the beginning of the national state of alarm (declared on March 14, 2020, by the Spanish government) until the end of our study period on April 4, 2020. All patients who were ≥65 years of age, presented to the Emergency Department of the participating hospitals during this period with a diagnosis of proximal femoral fracture, and had a minimum follow-up of 10 days were included in the cohort. In addition to mortality, demographic and other potential prognostic variables were also collected. RESULTS: In this study, 136 patients with a hip fracture were included. Of these patients, 124 underwent a surgical procedure and 12 were managed nonoperatively. The total mortality rate was 9.6%. Sixty-two patients were tested for COVID-19, with 23 patients being positive. The mortality rate for these 23 patients was 30.4% (7 of 23 patients) at a mean follow-up of 14 days. The mortality rate was 10.3% (4 of 39) for patients who had been tested and had a negative result and 2.7% (2 of 74) for patients who had not been tested. Of the 12 patients who were managed nonoperatively, 8 (67%) died, whereas, of the 124 patients who were surgically treated, 5 (4%) died. Results differed among centers. CONCLUSIONS: There is a higher mortality rate in patients with a hip fracture and an associated positive test for COVID-19. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.


id: cord-284332-p4c1fneh
author: Bosma, Karen J.
date: 2012-09-19
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20568833/
doi: 10.2165/10898570-000000000-00000
title:
  Pharmacotherapy for Prevention and Treatment of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Current and Experimental Approaches

abstract:
  The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) arises from direct and indirect injury to the lungs and results in a life-threatening form of respiratory failure in a heterogeneous, critically ill patient population. Critical care technologies used to support patients with ARDS, including strategies for mechanical ventilation, have resulted in improved outcomes in the last decade. However, there is still a need for effective pharmacotherapies to treat ARDS, as mortality rates remain high. To date, no single pharmacotherapy has proven effective in decreasing mortality in adult patients with ARDS, although exogenous surfactant replacement has been shown to reduce mortality in the paediatric population with ARDS from direct causes. Several promising therapies are currently being investigated in preclinical and clinical trials for treatment of ARDS in its acute and subacute, exudative phases. These include exogenous surfactant therapy, β(2)-adrenergic receptor agonists, antioxidants, immunomodulating agents and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins). Recent research has also focused on prevention of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress in patients at risk. Drugs such as captopril, rosiglitazone and incyclinide (COL-3), a tetracycline derivative, have shown promising results in animal models, but have not yet been tested clinically. Further research is needed to discover therapies to treat ARDS in its late, fibroproliferative phase. Given the vast number of negative clinical trials to date, it is unlikely that a single pharmacotherapy will effectively treat all patients with ARDS from differing causes. Future randomized controlled trials should target specific, more homogeneous subgroups of patients for single or combination therapy.


id: cord-284786-pua14ogz
title: The Effects of Air Pollution on COVID-19 Related Mortality in Northern Italy
author: Coker, Eric S.
date: 2020-08-04
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32836855/
doi: 10.1007/s10640-020-00486-1
abstract:
  Long-term exposure to ambient air pollutant concentrations is known to cause chronic lung inflammation, a condition that may promote increased severity of COVID-19 syndrome caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). In this paper, we empirically investigate the ecologic association between long-term concentrations of area-level fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) and excess deaths in the first quarter of 2020 in municipalities of Northern Italy. The study accounts for potentially spatial confounding factors related to urbanization that may have influenced the spreading of SARS-CoV-2 and related COVID-19 mortality. Our epidemiological analysis uses geographical information (e.g., municipalities) and negative binomial regression to assess whether both ambient PM(2.5) concentration and excess mortality have a similar spatial distribution. Our analysis suggests a positive association of ambient PM(2.5) concentration on excess mortality in Northern Italy related to the COVID-19 epidemic. Our estimates suggest that a one-unit increase in PM(2.5) concentration (µg/m(3)) is associated with a 9% (95% confidence interval: 6–12%) increase in COVID-19 related mortality.


id: cord-290295-gl144dh9
author: Martínez-López, Joaquín
date: 2020-10-19
txt: ./txt/cord-290295-gl144dh9.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-290295-gl144dh9.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41408-020-00372-5
doi: 10.1038/s41408-020-00372-5
summary:
  Among MM patients, inpatient mortality was 41% in males, 42% in patients aged >65 years, 49% in patients with active/progressive MM at hospitalization, and 59% in patients with comorbid renal disease at hospitalization, which were independent prognostic factors on adjusted multivariate analysis. There are cumulative data indicating that patients with cancer may be at increased risk for more severe COVID-19 and associated complications, including those receiving or not receiving treatment within the month prior to infection 5, 6 , although other recent results suggest mortality may be primarily associated with age, male sex, and comorbidities 7 . To our knowledge, this is the first large case-series study to describe comprehensively the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in hospitalized MM patients, compare outcomes with a noncancer cohort of COVID-19 patients, and identify preadmission prognostic factors of inpatient mortality.

title:
  Multiple myeloma and SARS-CoV-2 infection: clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of inpatient mortality

abstract:
  There is limited information on the characteristics, prognostic factors, and outcomes of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) hospitalized with COVID-19. This retrospective case series investigated 167 patients reported from 73 hospitals within the Spanish Myeloma Collaborative Group network in March and April, 2020. Outcomes were compared with 167 randomly selected, contemporary, age-/sex-matched noncancer patients with COVID-19 admitted at six participating hospitals. Among MM and noncancer patients, median age was 71 years, and 57% of patients were male; 75 and 77% of patients, respectively, had at least one comorbidity. COVID-19 clinical severity was moderate–severe in 77 and 89% of patients and critical in 8 and 4%, respectively. Supplemental oxygen was required by 47 and 55% of MM and noncancer patients, respectively, and 21%/9% vs 8%/6% required noninvasive/invasive ventilation. Inpatient mortality was 34 and 23% in MM and noncancer patients, respectively. Among MM patients, inpatient mortality was 41% in males, 42% in patients aged >65 years, 49% in patients with active/progressive MM at hospitalization, and 59% in patients with comorbid renal disease at hospitalization, which were independent prognostic factors on adjusted multivariate analysis. This case series demonstrates the increased risk and identifies predictors of inpatient mortality among MM patients hospitalized with COVID-19.


id: cord-293861-n6733nfd
author: Juhász, Attila
date: 2020-09-19
txt: ./txt/cord-293861-n6733nfd.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-293861-n6733nfd.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32961765/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186855
summary:
  Risk analysis capabilities were applied to estimate the relationships between socioeconomic status, which was characterized by quintiles of a multidimensional composite indicator (deprivation index), and mortality due to thromboembolic diseases as well as antithrombotic medications for the year 2016 at the district level in Hungary. Although data on the level and availability of secondary prevention at the country level would be essential for planning and targeting national health system policies that can decrease premature CVD mortality and morbidity, only a few studies have been published on the link between the utilization of antiplatelet drugs and anticoagulants (hereafter antithrombotic agents) for preventive purposes and socioeconomic status. Since physicians in general practice play a major role in initiating, coordinating, and providing long-term follow-up for the prevention of non-communicable diseases [23] , our study examined the prescription and redemption rates of the most common oral antiplatelet drugs and anticoagulants prescribed for thrombosis prevention from all general practices and defined their relationships with socioeconomic status in Hungary.

title:
  Antithrombotic Preventive Medication Prescription Redemption and Socioeconomic Status in Hungary in 2016: A Cross-Sectional Study

abstract:
  This work was designed to investigate antithrombotic drug utilization and its link with the socioeconomic characteristics of specific population groups in Hungary by a comparative analysis of data for prescriptions by general practitioners and the redeemed prescriptions for antithrombotic drugs. Risk analysis capabilities were applied to estimate the relationships between socioeconomic status, which was characterized by quintiles of a multidimensional composite indicator (deprivation index), and mortality due to thromboembolic diseases as well as antithrombotic medications for the year 2016 at the district level in Hungary. According to our findings, although deprivation is a significant determinant of mortality due to thromboembolic diseases, clusters can be identified that represent exemptions to this rule: an eastern part of Hungary, consisting of two highly deprived counties, had significantly lower mortality than the country average; by contrast, the least-deprived northwestern part of the country, consisting of five counties, had significantly higher mortality than the country average. The fact that low socioeconomic status in general and poor adherence to antithrombotic drugs irrespective of socioeconomic status were associated with increased mortality indicates the importance of more efficient control of preventive medication and access to healthcare in all districts of the country to reduce mortality due to thromboembolic diseases.


id: cord-294350-6veeygzp
author: Yu, Caizheng
date: 2020-05-27
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S074937972030218X
doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.05.002
title:
  Clinical Characteristics, Associated Factors, and Predicting COVID-19 Mortality Risk: A Retrospective Study in Wuhan, China

abstract:
  Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a serious global pandemic. This study investigates the clinical characteristics and risk factors for COVID-19 mortality, and establishes a novel scoring system to predict mortality risk in COVID-19 patients. Methods A cohort of 1,663 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China, of whom 212 died and 1,252 recovered, were included in the present study. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data on admission were collected from electronic medical records between January 14, 2020, and February 28, 2020. Clinical outcomes were collected until March 26, 2020. Multivariable logistic regression was used to explore the association between potential risk factors and COVID-19 mortality. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to predict COVID-19 mortality risk. All analyses were conducted in April 2020. Results Multivariable regression showed increased odds of COVID-19 mortality associated with older age (OR=2.15, 95% CI=1.35, 3.43), male sex (OR=1.97, 95% CI=1.29, 2.99), history of diabetes (OR=2.34, 95% CI=1.45, 3.76), lymphopenia (OR=1.59, 95% CI=1.03, 2.46), and increased procalcitonin (OR=3.91, 95% CI=2.22, 6.91, per SD increase) on admission. Spline regression analysis indicated that the correlation between procalcitonin levels and COVID-19 mortality was nonlinear (p=0.0004 for nonlinearity). The area under the receiver operating curve of the COVID-19 mortality risk was 0.765 (95% CI=0.725, 0.805). Conclusions The independent risk factors for COVID-19 mortality included older age, male sex, history of diabetes, lymphopenia, and increased procalcitonin, which could help clinicians to identify COVID-19 patients with poor prognosis at an earlier stage. The COVID-19 mortality risk score model may assist clinicians in reducing COVID-19-related mortality by implementing better strategies for more effective use of limited medical resources.


id: cord-294645-yzh8h7zo
author: Freeman, David W.
date: 2020-08-07
txt: ./txt/cord-294645-yzh8h7zo.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-294645-yzh8h7zo.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32764826/
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237059
summary:
  Multivariable adjusted Cox regression models were used to assess the association between log-transformed GDF15 (logGDF15) and 12-year mortality outcomes (all-cause, cardiovascularand cancer-specific outcomes) and interactions with sex, race and poverty status. The objectives of the present study were to assess the association between serum GDF15 and all-cause and cause-specific mortality, and to identify interactions between GDF15 and sex, race and poverty status in a large cohort of community-based middle-aged adults recruited from Baltimore, Maryland. In a community-dwelling cohort of younger urban adults (mean age 49.6) with diverse racial and socioeconomic status, we found that elevated serum GDF15 level was strongly associated with all-cause mortality, CVD-and cancer-specific mortality risk. Our findings of increased risk of mortality due to all-causes and CVD and elevated GDF15 levels in a diverse cohort are consistent with results of previous studies conducted in apparently healthy, community-dwelling adults [12-15, 17, 18] .

title:
  Association between GDF15, poverty and mortality in urban middle-aged African American and white adults

abstract:
  Mortality disparities are influenced by race and poverty. There is limited information about whether poverty influences biologic markers of mortality risk. Emerging data suggests that growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is associated with mortality; however, the interplay between GDF15, sociodemographic factors and mortality is not known. We sought to evaluate the interactions between GDF15 and sex, race and poverty status on mortality. Serum GDF15 was measured in 1036 African American and white middle-aged men and women above and below 125% of the Federal poverty status from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study. Multivariable adjusted Cox regression models were used to assess the association between log-transformed GDF15 (logGDF15) and 12-year mortality outcomes (all-cause, cardiovascular- and cancer-specific outcomes) and interactions with sex, race and poverty status. Likelihood ratio tests were used to assess significance of the interaction terms. Median GDF15 was 655.2 pg/mL (IQR = 575.1). During 12.2 years of follow-up, 331 died of which 94 cardiovascular- and 87 were cancer-specific deaths. One unit of increase in logGDF15 was associated with a hazard ratio for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular- and cancer-specific mortality of 2.26 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.94–2.64), 2.74 (95%CI, 2.06–3.63) and 1.41 (95%CI, 1.00–2.00), respectively. There was an interaction between logGDF15 and poverty status on all-cause mortality (p<0.05). The GDF15×poverty status interaction term improved model calibration for all-cause mortality. Our study provides the first evidence that the effect of elevated GDF15 on all-cause mortality is modified by poverty status.


id: cord-298201-z68j0c63
author: Schlüter, Benjamin-Samuel
date: 2020-02-06
txt: ./txt/cord-298201-z68j0c63.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-298201-z68j0c63.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2020.1717411
doi: 10.1080/16549716.2020.1717411
summary:
  Objective: Based on death notification data from Antananarivo, the capital city of Madagascar, this study assesses seasonal patterns of all-cause and cause-specific mortality by age groups and evaluates how these patterns changed over the period 1976–2015. In adults aged 60 and above, all-cause mortality rates are the highest in the dry and cold season, due to peaks in cardiovascular diseases, with little change over time. Considering children aged 1 to 5, seasonality of mortality associated with these two broad causes of death (the group of diarrhea, lower respiratory, and other common infectious diseases, and the group of nutritional deficiencies) also exhibit this pattern but with a larger amplitude. In infants, the seasonality of deaths is dominated by the association between hot temperatures and rainfall, and two groups of causes: (1) diarrhea, lower respiratory, and other common infectious diseases, and (2) nutritional deficiencies.

title:
  Long-term trends in seasonality of mortality in urban Madagascar: the role of the epidemiological transition

abstract:
  Background: Seasonal patterns of mortality have been identified in Sub-Saharan Africa but their changes over time are not well documented. Objective: Based on death notification data from Antananarivo, the capital city of Madagascar, this study assesses seasonal patterns of all-cause and cause-specific mortality by age groups and evaluates how these patterns changed over the period 1976–2015. Methods: Monthly numbers of deaths by cause were obtained from death registers maintained by the Municipal Hygiene Office in charge of verifying deaths before the issuance of burial permits. Generalized Additive Mixed regression models (GAMM) were used to test for seasonality in mortality and its changes over the last four decades, controlling for long-term trends in mortality. Results: Among children, risks of dying were the highest during the hot and rainy season, but seasonality in child mortality has significantly declined since the mid-1970s, as a result of declines in the burden of infectious diseases and nutritional deficiencies. In adults aged 60 and above, all-cause mortality rates are the highest in the dry and cold season, due to peaks in cardiovascular diseases, with little change over time. Overall, changes in the seasonality of all-cause mortality have been driven by shifts in the hierarchy of causes of death, while changes in the seasonality within broad categories of causes of death have been modest. Conclusion: Shifts in disease patterns brought about by the epidemiological transition, rather than changes in seasonal variation in cause-specific mortality, are the main drivers of trends in the seasonality of all-cause mortality.


id: cord-299613-5ju5fcf4
title: Disease, downturns, and wellbeing: Economic history and the long-run impacts of COVID-19
author: Arthi, Vellore
date: 2020-11-03
txt: ./txt/cord-299613-5ju5fcf4.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-299613-5ju5fcf4.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0014498320300838
doi: 10.1016/j.eeh.2020.101381
summary:
  In this paper, we review the evidence on the long-run effects on health, labor, and human capital of both historical pandemics (with a focus on the 1918 Influenza Pandemic) and historical recessions (with a focus on the Great Depression). Thus, a historical perspective allows us to use rich data to look at not only the short-term effects of crises like COVID-19 on health, labor, and human capital, but also the long-term and intergenerational impacts along these dimensions for both individuals and the wider economy. To examine how history can inform our view of the coronavirus pandemic and associated policy responses as they relate to long-run wellbeing, we begin in Section II by reviewing the features of COVID-19 that will determine its potential health and economic impacts, and placing these features in historical context.

abstract:
  How might COVID-19 affect human capital and wellbeing in the long run? The COVID-19 pandemic has already imposed a heavy human cost—taken together, this public health crisis and its attendant economic downturn appear poised to dwarf the scope, scale, and disruptiveness of most modern pandemics. What evidence we do have about other modern pandemics is largely limited to short-run impacts. Consequently, recent experience can do little to help us anticipate and respond to COVID-19’s potential long-run impact on individuals over decades and even generations. History, however, offers a solution. Historical crises offer closer analogues to COVID-19 in each of its key dimensions—as a global pandemic, as a global recession—and offer the runway necessary to study the life-course and intergenerational outcomes. In this paper, we review the evidence on the long-run effects on health, labor, and human capital of both historical pandemics (with a focus on the 1918 Influenza Pandemic) and historical recessions (with a focus on the Great Depression). We conclude by discussing how past crises can inform our approach to COVID-19—helping tell us what to look for, what to prepare for, and what data we ought to collect now.


id: cord-305936-tdswzj7r
author: Freitas, André Ricardo Ribas
date: 2018-01-08
txt: ./txt/cord-305936-tdswzj7r.txt
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mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01903
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01903
summary:
  Despite not controlling for comorbidities, climate, and vaccination, for the >70 years, ratio of respiratory diseases excess mortality rates between AH1N1 (2009) and severe year of H3N2 (2007) shows protection in the pandemic year and great vulnerability during AH3N2 virus predominance. We analyzed particularly the most predominant variants (AH1N1 and AH3N2) on excess of mortality in the adults and elderly of different age groups in a region with marked seasonality of respiratory diseases in Brazil. Among adults (24-59 years), we observe a large excess of deaths rates during the 2009 pandemic (953 obits), which correspond to 7.1 excess deaths from all causes, and 99 excess mortality from respiratory diseases associated with viral infection in every 100,000 individuals of the age group. Although the elderly are the most vulnerable group to viral respiratory infections, we found relative small excess of deaths in years of circulating AH1N1 pre pandemic (2002 and 2008) .

title:
  Excess of Mortality in Adults and Elderly and Circulation of Subtypes of Influenza Virus in Southern Brazil

abstract:
  PURPOSE: In the elderly population, the influenza infection and its clinical complications are important causes of hospitalization and death, particularly, in longer-lived age. The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of influenza virus circulation on mortality in the elderly and adults, in years with different predominant virus strains. METHODS: We performed a time trend study to evaluated excess of mortality for pneumonia and influenza, respiratory disease, and all-causes in southern region of Brazil, from 2002 to 2015. After considering other models, we opted for Serfling regression. Excess of death rates per 100,000 inhabitants were analyzed in specific age groups (24–59, 60–69, 70–79, ≥80 years) and by year of occurrence. Mortality information were taken from Brazilian Mortality Information System and etiological data were accessed in Sentinel Virological Surveillance database, getting the weekly positivity of the immunofluorescence tests for influenza A (H1N1, H3N2), and B. RESULTS: In southern Brazil, there is an evident seasonal pattern of all death outcomes among different age groups in the dry and cold season (April–September). The highest excess mortality rates occurs among older, particularly in years of circulation of influenza AH3N2, especially among people ≥80 years, in 2003 and 2007—years of great severity of influenza activity. After 2009, with the introduction of the pandemic influenza AH1N1, we observed a lower impact on the mortality of the elderly compared to <60 years. DISCUSSION: A cross reactivity antibody response from past exposure probably provided protection against disease in the elderly. Despite not controlling for comorbidities, climate, and vaccination, for the >70 years, ratio of respiratory diseases excess mortality rates between AH1N1 (2009) and severe year of H3N2 (2007) shows protection in the pandemic year and great vulnerability during AH3N2 virus predominance. CONCLUSION: The reduced immune response to infection, and to vaccination, and presence of comorbidities recommend a special attention to this age group in Brazil. Besides medical assistance, the timeliness of vaccine campaigns, its composition, and etiological surveillance of respiratory diseases are some of the preventive and public health measures.


id: cord-306205-l42w2jyk
title: Is investing in religious institutions a viable pathway to reduce mortality in the population?
author: Ransome, Yusuf
date: 2020-06-08
txt: ./txt/cord-306205-l42w2jyk.txt
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mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953620303257?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113106
summary:
  The religious ecology or characteristics of religion within an area or geographic level (e.g., county, ZIP-code, country), has been linked with overall and cause-specific mortality, but directions of findings are mixed. The study found some support of an indirect association from county-level religious denominational composition, through investments in health spending, on Black and White all-cause mortality rates. Ecological studies have showed that religious ecology or characteristics of religion in area or geographic level (e.g., county, ZIP-code, country), is associated with overall and cause-specific mortality such as suicide rates (Stack 1980 , Dwyer, Clarke et al. The study found some support for an indirect association from county-level religious denominational composition to Black and White all-cause mortality rates, through investments in total institutional spending. The study (SSM-D-19-03928R2) investigated the mediating role of investments/spending in local health shaping institutions as a link between the religious ecology and all-cause mortality.

abstract:
  There is established and consistent findings from epidemiologic studies, among individuals, that religion— broadly assessed through frequency of attending worship services—is associated with lower all-cause and cause-specific mortality attributed to suicide, alcohol, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Religious norms, social support, character, virtue, compassion, love, generosity, and religious community are among some mechanisms purported to explain lower mortality, on aggregate. The religious ecology or characteristics of religion within an area or geographic level (e.g., county, ZIP-code, country), has been linked with overall and cause-specific mortality, but directions of findings are mixed. Mechanisms to explain the links between the religious ecology and mortality included social integration, civic engagement, and social control. The manuscript (SSM-D-19-03928R2) adds a fresh and timely perspective by investigating another mechanism: investment in local healthcare spending. The study found some support of an indirect association from county-level religious denominational composition, through investments in health spending, on Black and White all-cause mortality rates. Should society or government invest finances in religious institutions to indirectly improve population health? This work adds evidence to debate that question. Future work on the topic will need to address several conceptual and methodological challenges. Conceptually, is investigating the market share of religious denominations (i.e., % Catholics vs % Protestants) relevant today given diversity in population and declining trends of worship attendance? Is mortality the most relevant for moving policy or should the focus be on well-being? Methodologically, are there alternate observable measures religious investments/spending in the local economy? Mechanisms, challenges, and opportunities for social epidemiology research on this topic are discussed.


id: cord-314152-wd153s1g
title: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Mortality Among COVID-19 Patients: A Meta-Analysis
author: Noor, Farha Musharrat
date: 2020-09-12
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-020-00920-x
doi: 10.1007/s10900-020-00920-x
abstract:
  OBJECTIVES: The main aim of this study was to find the prevalence of mortality among hospitalized COVID-19 infected patients and associated risk factors for death. METHODS: Three electronic databases including PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar were searched to identify relevant cohort studies of COVID-19 disease from January 1, 2020, to August 11, 2020. A random-effects model was used to calculate pooled prevalence rate (PR), risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for both effect measures. Cochrane chi-square test statistic Q, [Formula: see text] , and [Formula: see text] tests were used to measure the presence of heterogeneity. Publication bias and sensitivity of the included studies were also tested. RESULTS: In this meta-analysis, a total of 58 studies with 122,191 patients were analyzed. The pooled prevalence rate of mortality among the hospitalized COVID-19 patients was 18.88%, 95% CI (16.46–21.30), p < 0.001. Highest mortality was found in Europe [PR 26.85%, 95% CI (19.41–34.29), p < 0.001] followed by North America [PR 21.47%, 95% CI (16.27–26.68), p < 0.001] and Asia [PR 14.83%, 95% CI (12.46- 17.21), p < 0.001]. An significant association were found between mortality among COVID-19 infected patients and older age (> 65 years vs. < 65 years) [RR 3.59, 95% CI (1.87–6.90), p < 0.001], gender (male vs. female) [RR 1.63, 95% CI (1.43–1.87), p < 0.001], ICU admitted patients [RR 3.72, 95% CI (2.70–5.13), p < 0.001], obesity [RR 2.18, 95% CI (1.10–4.34), p < 0.05], hypertension [RR 2.08,95% CI (1.79–2.43) p < 0.001], diabetes [RR 1.87, 95% CI (1.23–2.84), p < 0.001], cardiovascular disease [RR 2.51, 95% CI (1.20–5.26), p < 0.05], and cancer [RR 2.31, 95% CI (1.80–2.97), p < 0.001]. In addition, significant association for high risk of mortality were also found for cerebrovascular disease, COPD, coronary heart disease, chronic renal disease, chronic liver disease, chronic lung disease and chronic kidney disease. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis revealed that the mortality rate among COVID-19 patients was highest in the European region and older age, gender, ICU patients, patients with comorbidity had a high risk for case fatality. Those findings would help the health care providers to reduce the mortality rate and combat this pandemic to save lives using limited resources. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s10900-020-00920-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.


id: cord-335975-m6lkrehi
title: Proceedings of Réanimation 2018, the French Intensive Care Society International Congress
author: nan
date: 2018-02-05
txt: ./txt/cord-335975-m6lkrehi.txt
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mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13613-017-0345-7
doi: 10.1186/s13613-017-0345-7
abstract: nan
summary:
  A qSOFA score relying on 3 simple clinical criteria (respiratory rate, mental status and systolic blood pressure) has been proposed to better identify septic patients with associated higher mortality outside the intensive care unit (Seymour CW et al., JAMA 2016) . We propose to determine whether the arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2) at intensive care unit (ICU) admission affects mortality at day 28 (D28) in patients with septic shock subjected to mechanical out-of-hospital ventilation. Conclusion: In this study, we report a significant association between hyperoxemia at ICU admission and mortality at D28 in patients with septic shock subjected to pre-hospital invasive mechanical ventilation. The aim of this study was to describe outcome of pediatric patient with hematologic disease hospitalized in our intensive care unit for respiratory failure and to investigate the clinical variables associated with mortality.


id: cord-337098-33yj5g5v
author: Agarwal, Shivani
date: 2020-08-07
txt: ./txt/cord-337098-33yj5g5v.txt
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mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32769128/
doi: 10.2337/dc20-1543
summary:
  OBJECTIVE: To examine whether HbA(1c), outpatient diabetes treatment regimen, demographics, and clinical characteristics are associated with mortality in hospitalized patients with diabetes and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). CONCLUSIONS: In this large U.S. cohort of hospitalized patients with diabetes and COVID-19, insulin treatment, as a possible proxy for diabetes duration, and obesity rather than long-term glycemic control were predictive of mortality. Few studies have specifically examined the effect of preadmission glycemic control in patients with diabetes and risk of in-hospital mortality from COVID-19, despite having great implications for outpatient glycemic management during the pandemic. The goal of this study was to use a U.S. cohort to examine the association of outpatient glycemic control, diabetes treatment, and other characteristics with mortality among hospitalized patients with diabetes and COVID-19. We investigated whether HbA 1c levels, outpatient diabetes treatment, and other characteristics were associated with in-hospital mortality among patients with COVID-19 and preexisting diabetes.

title:
  Preadmission Diabetes-Specific Risk Factors for Mortality in Hospitalized Patients With Diabetes and Coronavirus Disease 2019

abstract:
  OBJECTIVE: To examine whether HbA(1c), outpatient diabetes treatment regimen, demographics, and clinical characteristics are associated with mortality in hospitalized patients with diabetes and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort analysis of patients with diabetes hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19 infection from 11 March to 7 May 2020 at a large academic medical center in New York City. Multivariate modeling was used to assess the independent association of HbA(1c) levels and outpatient diabetes treatment regimen with mortality, in addition to independent effects of demographic and clinical characteristics. RESULTS: We included 1,126 hospitalized patients with diabetes and COVID-19 for analysis, among whom mean age was 68 years, 50% were male, 75% were Black, mean BMI was 30 kg/m(2), 98% had type 2 diabetes, mean HbA(1c) was 7.5%, and 33.1% died. HbA(1c) levels were not associated with mortality in unadjusted or adjusted analyses, but an outpatient regimen with any insulin treatment was strongly predictive. Additionally, age, sex, and BMI interacted such that in all age categories, mortality was higher with increasing BMI in males compared with females. CONCLUSIONS: In this large U.S. cohort of hospitalized patients with diabetes and COVID-19, insulin treatment, as a possible proxy for diabetes duration, and obesity rather than long-term glycemic control were predictive of mortality. Further investigation of underlying mechanisms of mortality and inpatient glycemic control is needed.


id: cord-337692-b89ow1mf
title: Ecologic association between influenza and COVID-19 mortality rates in European countries
author: Petti, S.
date: 2020-09-11
txt: ./txt/cord-337692-b89ow1mf.txt
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mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32912363/
doi: 10.1017/s0950268820002125
summary:
  Ecologic studies investigating COVID-19 mortality determinants, used to make predictions and design public health control measures, generally focused on population-based variable counterparts of individual-based risk factors. We considered the 3-year average influenza (2014–2016) and COVID-19 (31 May 2020) crude mortality rates in 34 countries using EUROSTAT and ECDC databases and performed correlation and regression analyses. An apparently perplexing characteristic of the reported association between the two mortality rates was that while influenza virus circulation during the seasons considered in the present analysis was uncontrolled, SARS-CoV-2 circulation was probably limited by the widespread exceptional public health measures implemented in Europe [32] . This study reported an inverse association between number of hospital beds and mortality rates (Table 2) , thus showing that high influenza and COVID-19 mortality was also due to inefficiencies of the healthcare systems, and corroborated by data from several European countries [45] .

abstract:
  Ecologic studies investigating COVID-19 mortality determinants, used to make predictions and design public health control measures, generally focused on population-based variable counterparts of individual-based risk factors. Influenza is not causally associated with COVID-19, but shares population-based determinants, such as similar incidence/mortality trends, transmission patterns, efficacy of non-pharmaceutical interventions, comorbidities and underdiagnosis. We investigated the ecologic association between influenza mortality rates and COVID-19 mortality rates in the European context. We considered the 3-year average influenza (2014–2016) and COVID-19 (31 May 2020) crude mortality rates in 34 countries using EUROSTAT and ECDC databases and performed correlation and regression analyses. The two variables – log transformed, showed significant Spearman's correlation ρ = 0.439 (P = 0.01), and regression coefficients, b = 0.743 (95% confidence interval, 0.272–1.214; R(2) = 0.244; P = 0.003), b = 0.472 (95% confidence interval, 0.067–0.878; R(2) = 0.549; P = 0.02), unadjusted and adjusted for confounders (population size and cardiovascular disease mortality), respectively. Common significant determinants of both COVID-19 and influenza mortality rates were life expectancy, influenza vaccination in the elderly (direct associations), number of hospital beds per population unit and crude cardiovascular disease mortality rate (inverse associations). This analysis suggests that influenza mortality rates were independently associated with COVID-19 mortality rates in Europe, with implications for public health preparedness, and implies preliminary undetected SARS-CoV-2 spread in Europe.


id: cord-341063-3rqnu5bu
author: nan
date: 2018-03-29
txt: ./txt/cord-341063-3rqnu5bu.txt
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mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-018-1973-5
doi: 10.1186/s13054-018-1973-5
abstract: nan
summary:
  Procacitonin (PCT) emerges as a possible predictive tool in cardiothoracic intensive care unit (CTICU).We aim at testing the predictive power of PCT for early morbidity, prolonged ventilation, ICU and hospital stay, in patients developing early fever after cardiac surgery Methods: A retrospective descriptive study done in tertiary cardiac center, enrolling patients who stayed for more than 24 hours post-operatively in the CTICU Risk stratification included additive Euro score and PCT immunoluminometricaly prior to surgery and every 48 hours in response to onset of fever. Prognostic accuracy of quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA) score for mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis Introduction: The purpose of this study was to summarize the evidence assessing the qSOFA [1] , calculated in admission of the patient in emergency department (ED) or intensive care unit (ICU), as a predictor of mortality.

title:
  38th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine: Brussels, Belgium. 20-23 March 2018


id: cord-352685-0ie6tkgm
title: Estimating Lower Bounds for COVID-19 Mortality from Northern Italian Towns
author: Coleman, T. S.
date: 2020-06-12
url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.10.20125005v1?rss=1
doi: 10.1101/2020.06.10.20125005
abstract:
  For COVID-19 the Infection Fatality Rate or IFR - a crucial variable in epidemiological modeling - is difficult to estimate because many cases are asymptomatic and the overall infection rate is generally not known. Circumstances in the Italian provinces of Milano, Bergamo, Brescia, and Lodi allow estimation of lower bounds for age- and sex-specific all-cause excess mortality (a proxy for IFR) since anecdotal reports indicate some towns were close to fully infected. Using data from ISTAT on mortality from January 1 through April 15 for 2020 and the three preceding years, I estimate excess mortality by sex and age categories (0-14, 15-54, 55-64, 65-74, and 75+ years) while controlling for town-specific mortality that proxies for town-specific infection rate. The 99th percentile from the tail of the town distribution gives a lower-bound estimate for COVID-19 mortality. The overall population-weighted mortality at the 99th percentile is 1.09 percent (95% CI 1.06-1.14). The age- and sex-specific rates vary considerably: for men age 65-74 the estimate is 2.10 percent (95% CI 1.94-2.28) which is 3.5-times higher than men 55-64 and 2.7-times higher than women 65-74.


id: cord-353895-tgn1kk07
title: Reckoning with mortality: global health, HIV, and the politics of data
author: Kavanagh, Matthew M
date: 2020-07-03
txt: ./txt/cord-353895-tgn1kk07.txt
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url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673620310461
doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31046-1
abstract: nan
summary:
  Studies in South Africa, Kenya, Zambia, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo have shown that most patients with HIV admitted to hospital have already been on antiretroviral therapy (often for years) but they either stop treatment or are on a treatment regimen that is not effectively suppressing the virus. In South Africa, in particular, tracking the mortality of young people using systems at the local level helped monitor the effectiveness of HIV programmes. 20 Hopefully, this step will improve patient outcomes by incentivising effective interventions for advanced HIV disease and support for people who have stopped treatment to re-enter care. 17 Third, we can move towards a variety of outcomeoriented global health programmes beyond HIV, for which measures of success move from the number of patients receiving services to explicit reductions in mortality rates.


id: cord-355038-o2hr5mox
title: Proceedings of Réanimation 2020, the French Intensive Care Society International Congress
author: nan
date: 2020-02-11
txt: ./txt/cord-355038-o2hr5mox.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-355038-o2hr5mox.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32048060/
doi: 10.1186/s13613-020-0623-7
abstract: nan
summary:
  Conclusion: In patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS, a higher tidal volume under PSV within the 72 h following neuromuscular blockers cessation is independently associated with the 28-day mortality.Compliance with ethics regulations: Yes. Kaplan-Meier estimate of the cumulative probability of survival according to the mean tidal volume (Vt)-lower of higher than 8 ml/ kg-under pressure support ventilation (PSV) during the "transition period" transfusion is associated with adverse events, and equipoise remains on the optimal transfusion strategy in oncologic patients in surgical setting. Compliance with ethics regulations: Yes. Patients and methods: In a retrospective monocentric study (01/2013-01/2017) conducted in cardio-vascular surgical intensive care unit (ICU) in Henri Mondor teaching hospital, all consecutive adult patients who underwent peripheral VA-ECMO were included, with exclusion of those dying in the first 24 h. Compliance with ethics regulations: Yes. Rationale: Acute respiratory failure is the leading reason for intensive care unit (ICU) admission in immunocompromised patients and the need for invasive mechanical ventilation has become a major clinical end-point in randomized controlled trials (RCT).


id: cord-355892-9kkqmm6h
author: Miller, Larry E.
date: 2020-10-02
url: https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000022439
doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000022439
title:
  Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of hospital mortality in patients with Covid-19: Systematic review with meta-analysis

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: The mortality rate associated with Covid-19 varies considerably among studies and determinants of this variability are not well characterized. METHODS: A systematic review of peer-reviewed literature published through March 31, 2020 was performed to estimate the mortality rate among hospitalized patients in China with a confirmed diagnosis of Covid-19. Hospital mortality rates were estimated using an inverse variance-weighted random-effects meta-analysis model. Funnel plot symmetry was evaluated for small-study effects, a one-study removed sensitivity analysis assessed the influence of individual studies on the pooled mortality rate, and metaregression assessed the association of potential confounding variables with mortality rates. RESULTS: The review included 16 observational studies involving 1832 hospitalized patients with a diagnosis of Covid-19. The surveillance period among studies ranged from December 16, 2019 to February 23, 2020. The median patient age was 53 years and 53% were males. A total of 38.5% of patients presented with at least 1 comorbidity, most commonly hypertension (24.0%), cardiac disease (15.1%), and diabetes mellitus (14.4%). Fever and cough, reported in 84.8% and 61.7% of patients respectively, were the most common patient symptoms. The pooled mortality rate was 9.9% (95% confidence interval 6.1% to 14.5%). Funnel plot asymmetry was not observed and the meta-analysis results were not substantially influenced by any single study since the pooled mortality rate ranged from 8.9% to 11.1% following iterative removal of one study at a time. Substantial heterogeneity in the mortality rate was identified among studies (I (2) = 87%; P < .001). In a metaregression that included demographics, patient risk factors, and presenting symptoms, only a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus was associated with a higher mortality rate (P = .03). CONCLUSIONS: In a meta-analysis of hospitalized patients in China with a diagnosis of Covid-19, the mortality rate was 9.9% and a higher diabetes mellitus prevalence was independently associated with a worse prognosis. The independent influence of diabetes mellitus with Covid-19 mortality should be viewed as hypothesis-generating and warrants further study.


