Summary of your 'study carrel' ============================== This is a summary of your Distant Reader 'study carrel'. The Distant Reader harvested & cached your content into a collection/corpus. It then applied sets of natural language processing and text mining against the collection. The results of this process was reduced to a database file -- a 'study carrel'. The study carrel can then be queried, thus bringing light specific characteristics for your collection. These characteristics can help you summarize the collection as well as enumerate things you might want to investigate more closely. This report is a terse narrative report, and when processing is complete you will be linked to a more complete narrative report. Eric Lease Morgan Number of items in the collection; 'How big is my corpus?' ---------------------------------------------------------- 97 Average length of all items measured in words; "More or less, how big is each item?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 58897 Average readability score of all items (0 = difficult; 100 = easy) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 46 Top 50 statistically significant keywords; "What is my collection about?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 79 medical 18 Medical 17 student 16 patient 14 COVID-19 13 study 12 University 12 Hospital 11 result 8 conclusion 8 Center 7 method 7 cell 6 PCR 6 Medicine 5 dna 5 case 5 USA 5 Institute 4 health 4 group 4 education 4 disease 4 care 4 MRI 4 Japan 4 Department 4 China 4 BMI 3 year 3 tumor 3 surgical 3 high 3 expression 3 diagnosis 3 cancer 3 United 3 School 3 SARS 3 National 3 January 2 treatment 2 tissue 2 time 2 telemedicine 2 system 2 surgery 2 staff 2 self 2 roux Top 50 lemmatized nouns; "What is discussed?" --------------------------------------------- 17792 patient 15840 % 9780 cell 7774 study 7332 result 7040 case 5357 method 4725 group 4276 expression 4240 year 4093 conclusion 3991 treatment 3959 time 3791 disease 3641 level 3579 tumor 3532 blood 3439 day 2956 analysis 2822 surgery 2776 datum 2770 age 2696 effect 2591 student 2493 control 2491 protein 2457 system 2389 gene 2360 type 2298 response 2291 diagnosis 2285 rate 2220 activity 2178 risk 2117 p 2097 cancer 2062 number 2040 mouse 2040 factor 2009 change 2005 month 1983 procedure 1972 tissue 1970 finding 1946 health 1929 difference 1904 role 1884 outcome 1878 sample 1873 care Top 50 proper nouns; "What are the names of persons or places?" -------------------------------------------------------------- 2258 University 1949 Japan 1811 CF 1436 . 1357 CFTR 1150 Hospital 1118 Medical 1031 CT 979 Department 962 al 961 C 871 A 804 Background 781 Case 780 mg 776 et 766 M 712 Medicine 690 PCR 679 USA 676 Center 636 Study 624 Institute 616 RBC 607 MRI 601 Dept 587 Health 584 Univ 581 Tokyo 569 B 557 Design 546 School 545 T 524 US 509 L 506 II 504 Studies 495 COVID-19 492 Objective 486 United 471 S 469 S. 443 MD 431 Pathology 428 National 426 BMI 425 CIDP 423 D 407 Children 395 R Top 50 personal pronouns nouns; "To whom are things referred?" ------------------------------------------------------------- 10468 we 4099 it 1735 they 798 i 793 them 731 he 645 she 267 us 183 you 118 one 98 themselves 97 itself 33 me 31 her 30 him 15 himself 8 ourselves 8 igg4 6 yourself 5 myself 4 mg 4 hmsh2 4 's 3 pbp 3 ours 3 oneself 3 igfbp2 3 i- 3 hent1 2 s 2 ncs-4 2 mrnas 2 incmynsz 2 imagej 2 his 2 esat-6 1 ␤ 1 −5 1 α1-pdx 1 Δe746-a750 1 yours 1 wouldn´t 1 uhfus 1 thyself 1 theirs 1 tgfbeta2 1 srbcs 1 s100-protein 1 pm230 1 osces Top 50 lemmatized verbs; "What do things do?" --------------------------------------------- 88826 be 14711 have 7883 use 4794 show 4106 perform 3994 include 3671 increase 3271 compare 2833 do 2636 find 2626 associate 2562 identify 2489 suggest 2457 report 2400 follow 2082 base 2057 present 2012 evaluate 1939 determine 1876 develop 1872 provide 1736 reduce 1669 undergo 1669 treat 1606 observe 1600 demonstrate 1599 require 1566 assess 1539 receive 1461 reveal 1449 induce 1368 relate 1358 improve 1327 make 1315 investigate 1310 decrease 1302 express 1236 detect 1220 measure 1220 involve 1213 analyze 1202 cause 1196 obtain 1178 examine 1162 indicate 1154 describe 1141 consider 1138 remain 1109 result 1084 lead Top 50 lemmatized adjectives and adverbs; "How are things described?" --------------------------------------------------------------------- 6761 not 6169 - 5156 medical 4481 high 3645 clinical 3305 also 3066 more 2880 low 2706 well 2676 other 2566 significant 2396 however 2257 most 2245 only 2180 laparoscopic 2145 significantly 2139 positive 2049 such 1964 first 1959 surgical 1882 non 1843 different 1705 normal 1525 human 1512 old 1481 specific 1475 large 1467 early 1437 primary 1426 as 1364 negative 1352 respectively 1352 important 1349 small 1329 new 1316 common 1299 further 1290 anti 1222 mean 1216 pediatric 1170 long 1140 acute 1134 present 1115 patient 1105 less 1085 single 1067 total 1058 similar 1058 post 1054 gastric Top 50 lemmatized superlative adjectives; "How are things described to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 524 most 323 good 277 Most 271 least 253 high 91 large 87 low 81 great 33 strong 25 bad 23 late 23 common 22 early 22 big 16 long 14 small 12 old 11 young 10 close 8 new 8 near 8 -t 6 short 6 deep 3 thick 3 slight 3 safe 3 rare 3 postt 3 p=0.016 3 fast 3 easy 2 ® 2 slow 2 quick 2 poor 2 narrow 2 mild 2 furth 2 full 2 fresh 2 eld 2 astrocytomas 2 -β 1 â€"there 1 weak 1 tough 1 t-038271(budap 1 submucosa 1 strict Top 50 lemmatized superlative adverbs; "How do things do to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1733 most 260 least 27 well 6 highest 4 lowest 2 youngest 1 ® 1 worst 1 shortest 1 micrometre 1 freshest 1 fewest 1 fast 1 cfdna 1 astrocytomas 1 -r Top 50 Internet domains; "What Webbed places are alluded to in this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24 doi.org 8 orcid.org 5 bit.ly 2 www 1 zenodo.org 1 www.universityworldnews.com 1 www.surveymonkey.com 1 www.real-score.org 1 www.nklm.de 1 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov 1 www.med.moodle 1 www.istat.it 1 www.isbtweb.org 1 www.dovepress.com 1 www.colorectaleducation.com 1 www.cdtdb.brain.riken.jp 1 www.cdc.gov 1 structure.biol.ucy.ac.cy 1 nihserver.mbi.ucla.edu 1 newsroom.cigna.com 1 flexdex.com 1 doi 1 creativecommons.org 1 bit 1 bigdata-madesimple.com 1 bcb.med.usherbrooke.ca 1 atgme.org Top 50 URLs; "What is hyperlinked from this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------- 16 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.28.20115956 7 http://doi.org/10.1101/19004465 2 http://www 1 http://zenodo.org/record/ 1 http://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20200324065639773 1 http://www.surveymonkey.com 1 http://www.real-score.org 1 http://www.nklm.de 1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/igblast/ 1 http://www.med.moodle 1 http://www.istat.it/it/archivio/6789 1 http://www.isbtweb.org/working-parties/red-cell-immunogenetics-and-bloodgroup-terminology/ 1 http://www.dovepress.com/testimonials.php 1 http://www.colorectaleducation.com/ 1 http://www.cdtdb.brain.riken.jp 1 http://www.cdc.gov/travel/menin-guidelines.htm 1 http://structure.biol.ucy.ac.cy/latcom.html 1 http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3091-165X 1 http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2949-8618 1 http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2565-8098 1 http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1321-844X 1 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9923-8638 1 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9905 1 http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7542-3313 1 http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7025-0329 1 http://nihserver.mbi.ucla.edu/RACC/ 1 http://newsroom.cigna.com/NewsReleases/research-from-cigna-supports-potential-association-between-treated-gum-disease-and-reduced-medical-costs-for-people-with-diabetes 1 http://flexdex.com/register-for-training 1 http://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2018.11 1 http://doi 1 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 1 http://bit.ly/2q51heq 1 http://bit.ly/2pDplF8 1 http://bit.ly/2opqFew 1 http://bit.ly/2oplxHr 1 http://bit.ly/2oHLehE 1 http://bit 1 http://bigdata-madesimple.com/top-30-big-data-tools-data-analysis/ 1 http://bcb.med.usherbrooke.ca/sherlocc.php 1 http://atgme.org/ Top 50 email addresses; "Who are you gonna call?" ------------------------------------------------- 4 snarayan@childrensnational.org 3 nkadom@childrensnational.org 3 drvikasmenghani@gmail.com 3 dristuna@yahoo.com 2 usha.nagaraj@osumc.edu 2 suraj.serai@cchmc.org 2 mjl1213@yumc.yonsei.ac.kr 2 kurianj@email.chop.edu 2 kim.cecil@cchmc.org 2 jaraque@georgiahealth.edu 2 eiblanco74@gmail.com 2 e.nhihuynh@gmail.com 2 andrea.doria@sickkids.ca 2 amitsensation@yahoo.co.in 2 alokjaju@gmail.com 2 ahmad.aouthmany@utoledo.edu 2 henrietta.rosenberg@mountsinai.org 1 victorrivneac@yahoo.com 1 tsai@childrens.harvard.edu 1 tkelly@chw.org 1 teresaliang86@gmail.com 1 taylorchung12@gmail.com 1 tanyasupakul@yahoo.com 1 swestra@partners.org 1 sumitsingh78@yahoo.com 1 sthawai2@jhmi.edu 1 states@email.chop.edu 1 stanescu@u.washington.edu 1 spalasis@yahoo.com 1 shilpavhegde@gmail.com 1 shawn.parnell@seattlechildrens.org 1 scorpion68kd@yahoo.com 1 schmitzk@ohsu.edu 1 sblumer@montefiore.org 1 rxkrishn@texaschildrens.org 1 run4boston@gmail.com 1 rudyavar@gwmail.gwu.edu 1 rubioeva@yahoo.com 1 ramy.jalbout@yahoo.com 1 rami.nachabe@philips.com 1 radhakrp@ucmail.uc.edu 1 pkhanna@uw.edu 1 nskwatra@childrensnational.org 1 nrssbabu@gmail.com 1 nosaka-s@ncchd.go.jp 1 nkang26@gmail.com 1 nicholas.stence@childrenscolorado.org 1 neal540@gmail.com 1 nbodmer@gmail.com 1 nathaneg@med.umich.edu Top 50 positive assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-noun?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 29 levels were significantly 26 cells were positive 26 patients undergoing laparoscopic 24 expression was significantly 19 patients underwent laparoscopic 18 patients did not 17 % were male 17 data are available 17 patient did not 15 % were female 15 study did not 13 cells were also 13 expression was not 13 patients were male 13 patients were not 11 analysis did not 11 data are consistent 11 patients undergoing surgery 11 patients were female 11 studies are necessary 10 cells were then 10 group was significantly 10 levels were not 10 patients do not 10 results are consistent 10 time was significantly 9 cases were negative 9 expression was higher 9 group did not 9 levels did not 9 patients are not 8 cases were positive 8 cells were present 8 data was available 8 expression is not 8 group were significantly 8 levels were higher 8 patients were randomly 8 results were similar 8 surgery is safe 7 % did not 7 case report introduction 7 cells were diffusely 7 cells were negative 7 cells were not 7 data were available 7 expression was also 7 groups were similar 7 level was not 7 patient underwent laparoscopic Top 50 negative assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-no|not-noun?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 expression was not significantly 3 students are not essential 2 analysis showed no significant 2 groups showed no significant 2 level was not different 2 levels were not different 2 levels were not significantly 2 patient had no further 2 patient received no further 2 patient showed no signs 2 patients had no relationship 2 patients had no symptoms 2 patients were not subsequently 1 % are not able 1 % had no change 1 % had no clinical 1 % had no history 1 age showed no statistically 1 age was not consistently 1 age was not independent 1 ages have no resistance 1 analysis revealed no significant 1 analysis revealed no statistically 1 analysis showed no difference 1 analysis showed no differences 1 analysis showed no statistically 1 analysis shows no significant 1 analysis was not applicable 1 analysis was not possible 1 blood is not always 1 blood is not reflective 1 blood showed no increase 1 case were not specific 1 cases had no residual 1 cases showed no amplification 1 cases was not previously 1 cases were not significantly 1 cells are not available 1 cells are not critical 1 cells are not fully 1 cells are not prognostic 1 cells has not so 1 cells showed no change 1 cells showed no difference 1 cells showed no staining 1 cells was no longer 1 cells were not distinguishable 1 cells were not significantly 1 control is not feasible 1 control is not sufficient A rudimentary bibliography -------------------------- id = cord-342548-ykxvaqcz author = Abbas, Myriam title = Repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on the well-being and training of medical clerks: a pan-Canadian survey date = 2020-10-27 keywords = canadian; medical; pandemic summary = doi = 10.1186/s12909-020-02293-0 id = cord-024984-d9s7akd5 author = Akabayashi, Akira title = A Brief History of Bioethics in Japan date = 2020-05-20 keywords = Japan; Phase; japanese; medical summary = doi = 10.1007/978-981-15-3572-7_1 id = cord-021806-mup8tzkv author = Aljohani, Majed title = Mass Gatherings date = 2015-10-23 keywords = care; event; gathering; mass; medical summary = doi = 10.1016/b978-0-323-28665-7.00202-8 id = cord-307709-o6biwypo author = Asai, Atsushi title = Should We Aim to Create a Perfect Healthy Utopia? Discussions of Ethical Issues Surrounding the World of Project Itoh’s Harmony date = 2020-10-13 keywords = Harmony; Tuan; World; health; medical; people summary = doi = 10.1007/s11948-020-00269-3 id = cord-316879-nbkvd0le author = Ashcroft, James title = Preparing medical students for a pandemic: a systematic review of student disaster training programmes date = 2020-06-09 keywords = disaster; medical; student; training summary = doi = 10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-137906 id = cord-007838-lvw31h1w author = Atzema, Clare title = Career options in aerospace and aviation medicine() date = 2004-04-16 keywords = medical; medicine summary = 2, 3 In general, physicians trained in aerospace medicine practice health care in populations exposed to flight and space, consult on the physical and engineering aspects of the flight environment, and manage public safety issues at a variety of regulatory agencies. They might work for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Federal Aviation Administration, a commercial or corporate airline, the Department of Transportation, an aerospace manufacturer, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or in private practice. 10, 11 In addition, teamwork is ubiquitous in aerospace medicine: one is likely to take part in several committees, and if one is a flight physician, one works in a confined environment with a medical team (ie, a respiratory therapist, a nurse, paramedics), often for many hours at a time. Some aerospace medicine physicians will maintain a part-time position in an emergency department or another ambulatory setting, 9 providing both variety and the opportunity to maintain clinical skills. doi = 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2004.02.015 id = cord-021922-de9o76q0 author = Bagshaw, Michael title = Aircraft Cabin Environment date = 2009-05-15 keywords = air; aircraft; airline; cabin; flight; medical; passenger summary = doi = 10.1016/b978-0-323-03453-1.10046-x id = cord-304895-fw7qt571 author = Belhouideg, Soufiane title = Impact of 3D printed medical equipment on the management of the Covid19 pandemic date = 2020-06-22 keywords = COVID-19; medical summary = doi = 10.1002/hpm.3009 id = cord-349371-3htcturz author = Bleakley, Alan title = Embracing the collective through medical education date = 2020-10-30 keywords = Carnegie; Flexner; Goldfarb; american; education; medical; self summary = In an era promising patient-centredness and inter-professional practices, we must ask: ''when will medicine, and its informing agent medical education, embrace democratic habits and collectivism?'' The symptom of lingering heroic individualism is particularly prominent in North American medical education. In an opinion piece in the Wall Street Journal-Take Two Aspirin and Call Me by My Pronouns-Stanley Goldfarb (2019) , an experienced physician and retired associate dean of curriculum at the University of Pennsylvania''s Perelman School of Medicine, complains about ''woke'' medical schools where "curricula are increasingly focused on social justice rather than treating illness". Prejudice against medical education''s potential interest in social justice issues is grounded in a long-standing historical divide between health in the community setting (focused on prevention of illness) and hospital-based medicine (focused on treatment). Medical educators whose pedagogies celebrated individual achievement ignored the work of American scholars who had spent time in Russia studying collectivist and dialectical-materialist learning theory, such as the psychologist Michael Cole (Cole et al. doi = 10.1007/s10459-020-10005-y id = cord-011188-59hn9wsv author = Bruce, Lori title = A Pot Ignored Boils On: Sustained Calls for Explicit Consent of Intimate Medical Exams date = 2020-03-09 keywords = consent; exam; intimate; medical; patient; student summary = doi = 10.1007/s10730-020-09399-4 id = cord-255762-qd6fht8y author = Bucciol, Alessandro title = Purchasing Medical Devices: The Role of Buyer Competence and Discretion date = 2020-08-26 keywords = device; equation; medical; price; reference summary = doi = 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2020.102370 id = cord-329224-t45bedot author = Byrnes, Yasmeen M. title = Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical student career perceptions: a national survey study date = 2020-07-24 keywords = COVID-19; medical; student summary = BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: The COVID-19 pandemic and resulting cancellation of medical student clinical rotations pose unique challenges to students'' educations, the impact of which has not yet been explored. CONCLUSIONS: Our study found that about one-fifth of surveyed medical students currently believe that the COVID-19 pandemic will affect their choice of specialty, with many of these citing concerns that they cannot explore specialties or obtain recommendation letters. Although there are some existing anecdotal commentaries describing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical education [5, [18] [19] [20] [21] , studies describing virtual curriculum development [5] [6] [7] [8] , and reports of medical student mobilization in response to the pandemic [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] , to our knowledge no data yet exists describing the current impact on medical students'' academic lives. This study serves as an early snapshot into medical students'' perspectives on their education and careers at a time when the COVID-19 pandemic is in full force and clinical rotations remain cancelled. doi = 10.1080/10872981.2020.1798088 id = cord-342185-2umby2l8 author = Cai, Qi title = The mental health of frontline and non-frontline medical workers during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: a case-control study date = 2020-07-02 keywords = China; covid-19; medical; worker summary = doi = 10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.031 id = cord-280823-i1n8mu8b author = Callaghan, Chris title = Pseudoscience in medicine: cautionary recommendations date = 2019-12-17 keywords = AIDS; Kuhn; medical; pseudoscience summary = doi = 10.4314/ahs.v19i4.34 id = cord-287350-xj2i6fgd author = Camhi, Stephanie S. title = Telehealth Training Is Essential to Care for Underserved Populations: a Medical Student Perspective date = 2020-06-15 keywords = medical; telehealth; telemedicine summary = doi = 10.1007/s40670-020-01008-w id = cord-031296-b8dk08sl author = Cheng, Wenhong title = A psychological health support scheme for medical teams in COVID-19 outbreak and its effectiveness date = 2020-08-30 keywords = DMI; medical; team summary = doi = 10.1136/gpsych-2020-100288 id = cord-313927-60l1ulis author = Cleland, J. A. title = “You can’t always get what you want…”: economic thinking, constrained optimization and health professions education date = 2020-11-03 keywords = HPE; decision; economic; medical summary = doi = 10.1007/s10459-020-10007-w id = cord-013263-xw611i8k author = Dederichs, Melina title = Students’ perspectives on interventions to reduce stress in medical school: A qualitative study date = 2020-10-15 keywords = group; intervention; medical; student summary = doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0240587 id = cord-327809-9uhhqasl author = Dimitriu, Mihai C.T. title = Burnout syndrome in Romanian medical residents in time of the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-07 keywords = burnout; medical; resident summary = doi = 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109972 id = cord-271308-nypkr537 author = Drexler, Richard title = Involvement of Medical Students During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study date = 2020-08-30 keywords = COVID-19; medical; student summary = doi = 10.7759/cureus.10147 id = cord-351267-itdorszt author = Farha, Loulwa title = Lebanese Healthcare System: How Will the Aftermath Look? date = 2020-09-06 keywords = Lebanon; medical summary = doi = 10.7759/cureus.10270 id = cord-023913-pnjhi8cu author = Foreman, Stephen title = Broader Considerations of Medical and Dental Data Integration date = 2011-10-08 keywords = Association; EHR; Fig; Health; Institute; Medicaid; Medicare; National; clinical; cost; dental; disease; medical; oral; patient; periodontal; school; study; system summary = So while there has been no shortage of effort paid to improving Medicare, the one common theme in all of the recent initiatives is that dental care has been conspicuously 1 A new study by Hedlund, Jeffcoat, Genco and Tanna funded by CIGNA of patients with Type II diabetes and periodontal disease found that medical costs of patients who received maintenance therapy were $2483.51 per year lower than patients who did not. Examples of integrated care models do exist, such as that presented by (Heuer 2007 ) involving school-linked and school-based clinics with an "innovative health infrastructure." According to Heuer, "Neighborhood Outreach Action for Health (NOAH)" is staffed by two nurse practitioners and a part-time physician to provide "primary medical services to more than 3,200 uninsured patients each year" in Scottsdale, Arizona. doi = 10.1007/978-1-4471-2185-5_4 id = cord-350503-en5xkotn author = Fourtassi, Maryam title = How has the COVID-19 pandemic improved evidence-based-medicine awareness among undergraduate medical students? date = 2020-06-29 keywords = medical summary = doi = 10.1080/10872981.2020.1787123 id = cord-303389-z6ucelh0 author = Franchi, Thomas title = Appropriate use of self-directed learning at medical school prepares students for future clinical practice date = 2020-04-08 keywords = medical summary = doi = 10.1080/10872981.2020.1752450 id = cord-001544-bco0nloe author = Fu, Xiao-Bing title = Military medicine in China: old topic, new concept date = 2014-04-15 keywords = China; medical; military summary = In China, military medicine plays a key role in supporting and maintaining health, in preventing injuries and diseases in military staff and in enhancing the military armed forces during war. Using the methods of biology, pathophysiology, targeting pharmacology, pharmacological genetic phenotyping, and genetic phenotyping, military medicine can introduce new theories, concepts, and technology into basic research areas, such as epidemiology, pathogenesis and pathological response, mechanisms of complications after injury, regeneration after severe organ damage, mental stress, and psychological responses to somatic and mental trauma. In the area of detecting, preventing and managing microbiological agents, military medical research in China has reached the international level but should continue developing specialized military supply systems with minimal side effects. Military medicine in China will continue to research the prevention and management of injuries caused by high-technology, new-concept and newly developed nuclear and chemical weapons. doi = 10.1186/2054-9369-1-2 id = cord-285848-37dmv4ep author = Fu, Xiao-Wei title = Review of possible psychological impacts of COVID-19 on frontline medical staff and reduction strategies date = 2020-08-06 keywords = SARS; medical; staff summary = doi = 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i15.3188 id = cord-336689-z3ayolzb author = Gaur, Uma title = Challenges and Opportunities of Preclinical Medical Education: COVID-19 Crisis and Beyond date = 2020-09-22 keywords = COVID-19; education; medical summary = We searched relevant literature in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar using specific keywords, e.g., "COVID-19 pandemic," "preclinical medical education," "online learning," "remote learning," "challenges," and "opportunities." The pandemic has posed several challenges to premedical education (e.g., suspension of face-to-face teaching, lack of cadaveric dissections, and practical/laboratory sessions) but has provided many opportunities as well, such as the incorporation of online learning in the curriculum and upskilling and reskilling in new technologies. New strategies are emerging in the preclinical phase that integrates technology to make learning effective and appealing to students, [7] [8] [9] , making them more relevant and applicable for remote learning during the current COVID-19 pandemic. [40] also warned: "The COVID-19 pandemic will not be the last major infectious disease that puts learners at risk." However, many medical schools have successfully transitioned their teaching and learning environment to emergency remote learning, having monitored and examined student and staff readiness, and completed online formative and summative exams both in preclinical and clinical years. doi = 10.1007/s42399-020-00528-1 id = cord-031777-gy1lc2jz author = Gjosteen, Frederic title = Acknowledging leadership as a constituent of medical practice : an international outlook date = 2020-09-11 keywords = Medical summary = doi = 10.1016/j.banm.2020.09.025 id = cord-351529-30apdn73 author = Hamlin, Matilda title = Attitudes of the Public to Receiving Medical Care during Emergencies through Remote Physician–Patient Communications date = 2020-07-20 keywords = medical; remote; willingness summary = doi = 10.3390/ijerph17145236 id = cord-256946-ulvqm24g author = Hammond, David title = Undergraduate medical education and Covid-19: engaged but abstract date = 2020-06-16 keywords = medical summary = doi = 10.1080/10872981.2020.1781379 id = cord-011859-6ksss988 author = Harendza, Sigrid title = Improvisation – a new strategy in medical education? date = 2020-06-15 keywords = medical; student summary = Hence, we, as teachers, hat to improvise teaching -in addition to caring for the patients -and maybe the final-year students at that time learned a little less about different diseases but a lot instead about medical behaviour in unknown clinical situations. But this time the change affects all teachers and all students and almost all teaching and examination structures in medical education and in all other healthcare professions studies as well as in all other courses of study in general -and this worldwide [University World News: https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20200324065639773, accessed: 02.05.2020]. But other teaching techniques also help to improvise appropriate medical lessons in times of a lockdown, especially e-learning, of course [14] , because it is particularly easy to keep one''s distance. Für Lehrende der Medizin und Medizinstudierende scheinen solche Techniken des Improvisationstheaters ebenfalls nützlich zu sein -und zwar sowohl für die ärztliche Tätigkeit als auch für das Unterrichten von Medizinstudierenden bzw. doi = 10.3205/zma001337 id = cord-305136-tnvp3n1g author = Hauer, Karen E. title = The COVID-19 Pandemic as an Imperative to Advance Medical Student Assessment: 3 Areas for Change date = 2020-10-07 keywords = COVID-19; GME; medical summary = doi = 10.1097/acm.0000000000003764 id = cord-304230-rxhoe8cw author = Hay-David, A.G.C. title = Reducing medical error during a pandemic date = 2020-04-11 keywords = COVID-19; medical summary = doi = 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.04.003 id = cord-351975-2ccsvf4h author = Hickland, Maria M. title = Medical student views on returning to clinical placement after months of online learning as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-07-29 keywords = medical summary = doi = 10.1080/10872981.2020.1800981 id = cord-268378-tcuv255v author = Hood, Ernie title = Evolutionary Medicine: A Powerful Tool for Improving Human Health date = 2008-02-13 keywords = disease; evolutionary; human; medical summary = doi = 10.1007/s12052-008-0036-9 id = cord-322679-jrsg8pdk author = Hu, Na title = Impact of the Family Environment on the Emotional State of Medical Staff During the COVID-19 Outbreak: The Mediating Effect of Self-Efficacy date = 2020-10-09 keywords = family; medical; self summary = doi = 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.576515 id = cord-354391-c7oc2516 author = Hui, Jin title = COVID-19 Prevention and Control Strategy: Management of Close Contacts in Hangzhou City, China date = 2020-05-14 keywords = medical summary = doi = 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.05.007 id = cord-301083-nnh95i0k author = Jumreornvong, Oranicha title = Telemedicine and Medical Education in the Age of COVID-19 date = 2020-09-10 keywords = COVID-19; care; medical; telemedicine summary = doi = 10.1097/acm.0000000000003711 id = cord-328522-ef4xg3q0 author = Kelen, Gabor D title = Inpatient disposition classification for the creation of hospital surge capacity: a multiphase study date = 2006-11-30 keywords = event; hospital; medical; risk summary = The aim of this phase was to develop a disposition classifi cation system (reverse triage) based on risk tolerance of a consequential medical event as a result of discharge; assuming that critical interventions were withdrawn or withheld. We focus on the main components of the fi rst phase: (1) conceptualisation of the disposition classifi cation system; (2) development of operational defi nitions of consequential medical events and critical interventions; and (3) derivation of risk estimates related to early discharge from a multidisciplinary panel of experts. After the defi nitions had been decided on, the panellists voted to defi ne the upper limit of acceptable risk for the occurrence of a consequential medical event (ie, need for critical intervention), for each of the categories of the disposition classifi cation system. doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(06)69808-5 id = cord-102667-mtl1x7gz author = Leung, T. I. title = Physician Suicide: A Scoping Review to Highlight Opportunities for Prevention date = 2019-08-29 keywords = medical; physician; suicidal; suicide summary = doi = 10.1101/19004465 id = cord-297942-6wdwrttn author = Li, Taisheng title = Diagnosis and clinical management of severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: an operational recommendation of Peking Union Medical College Hospital (V2.0): Working Group of 2019 Novel Coronavirus, Peking Union Medical College Hospital date = 2020-03-14 keywords = Medical; SARS summary = To standardize the clinical diagnosis and treatment, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) has established a working group and formulated the following operational recommendation regarding "Diagnosis and Clinical Management of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection" (V2.0). According to the definition of the National Health Commission [1] , patients in accordance with one of the following standards should be hospitalized and transferred to Beijing designated medical institution as soon as possible; (1) respiratory rate increased (≥30 per min) or dyspnoea; (2) oxygen saturation ≤ 95% when breathing ambient air, or arterial oxygen tension (PaO₂) over inspiratory oxygen fraction (FIO₂) of less than 300 mm Hg (1 mm Hg equals to 0.133 kPa); (3) lung imaging indicating multilobular lesions or progression of lesions over 50% within 48 h; (4) quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA) score ≥2; (5) community-acquired pneumonia-65 (CURB-65) score ≥ 1; (6) combined pneumothorax; (7) other clinical conditions that require hospitalization. doi = 10.1080/22221751.2020.1735265 id = cord-332573-pltz5viz author = Lieberman, Joshua A title = Coping With COVID-19: Emerging Medical Student Clinical Pathology Education in the Pacific Northwest in the Face of a Global Pandemic date = 2020-09-02 keywords = COVID-19; medical; student summary = The reflection piece, due at the end of the course, was a one-to two-page reply to the following prompt: "Describe three key aspects of lab medicine you''ve learned and how they apply to the Covid-19 pandemic." The anonymous course survey contained quantitative and freetext elements for students to give feedback on small groups, lectures, and the overall course (Supplemental Table 1 ; all supplemental materials can be found at American Journal of Clinical Pathology online). The course directors effectively leveraged these parallel changes in clinical activity and resident education to provide medical students remote access to these activities, which had been components of LabM 680 ❚Table 4❚. The new course, MedSci 585C, provided third-and fourth-year medical students an opportunity to develop their diagnostic and patient management skills through directed distance learning in the hospital-based clinical laboratory. doi = 10.1093/ajcp/aqaa152 id = cord-295324-t1zvz1zg author = Liu, Yin title = Mental Health Status of Paediatric Medical Workers in China During the COVID-19 Outbreak date = 2020-07-21 keywords = COVID-19; China; medical summary = doi = 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00702 id = cord-302993-t4quwfva author = Loh, Tiffany Y. title = COVID-19 and its impact on medical student education in dermatology date = 2020-05-12 keywords = medical summary = title: COVID-19 and its impact on medical student education in dermatology Teledermatology offers a potential solution to medical student education during the COVID-19 67 Herein, we discuss methods of implementing teledermatology in order to optimize 68 medical student learning. Optimizing teledermatology for medical student education 71 Although many dermatology appointments have been transitioned to virtual visits, medical 72 students can still participate in these encounters. This allows medical 74 students to learn fundamental dermatologic concepts while participating in patient care, which 75 Although telemedicine is useful, it is also important to recognize that there are elements of 85 dermatology education that cannot be replaced virtually, such as the ability to assess texture, 86 perform biopsies, or use tools such as dermoscopy, Wood''s lamp, and KOH scraping. For the time being however, it is important to 88 optimize tele-education and to involve medical students as much as possible. Optimizing teledermatology visits for dermatology resident 100 education during the COVID-19 pandemic doi = 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.05.026 id = cord-273005-kab6f157 author = Longhurst, Georga J. title = Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat (SWOT) Analysis of the Adaptations to Anatomical Education in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland in Response to the Covid‐19 Pandemic date = 2020-05-09 keywords = ROI; covid-19; learning; medical; student summary = doi = 10.1002/ase.1967 id = cord-011261-h1fzti0i author = Manning-Geist, Beryl title = Pre-clinical Stress Management Workshops Increase Medical Students’ Knowledge and Self-awareness of Coping with Stress date = 2019-12-09 keywords = medical; stress summary = A longitudinal survey design was utilized to measure pre-, post-, and long-term (3-month) changes in knowledge (impact of stress on personal health, learning, and patient care), confidence, perceived skills, and attitude (towards utilizing adaptive coping strategies) among participating students (N = 135). All survey instruments included identical questions to measure students'' perceived changes in stress management in four domains: knowledge (impact of stress on their own health, learning, and patient care), confidence, perceived skills, and attitude (towards utilizing adaptive coping strategies to prevent burnout), which used a 5-point Likert-type scale (1 = not at all, 5 = extremely). Overall, students'' mean survey responses demonstrated statistically significant improvement for knowledge about the impact of stress on their overall long-term success, health, learning and patient care, and confidence and skills in recognizing and utilizing adaptive strategies to handle stress and attitude towards seeking help increased from pre-to immediate post-workshop (T1 to T2) (see Table 1 ). doi = 10.1007/s40670-019-00881-4 id = cord-244388-dxrrpxl7 author = Marchiori, Chiara title = Artificial Intelligence Decision Support for Medical Triage date = 2020-11-09 keywords = medical; patient; symptom summary = Built on case records and guidelines using AI-based methods, the system consists of the following building blocks: 1) an engine for the automated ingestion of unstructured clinical notes, the extraction of relevant medical entities and their organization into a knowledge graph (KG); 2) a data-driven dialog system that allows a conversation with such medical knowledge base and drives the patient interactions; 3) an inference engine able to suggest the most appropriate recommendation in terms of point of care and time frame for treatment. After ontology creation, the input case records together with the extracted medical concepts and metadata were automatically ingested and organized in a language agnostic knowledge graph (KG). For the neural network based model we constructed a training corpus masking one or multiple medical concepts from each patient case and optimised the network to predict the obscured features. doi = nan id = cord-272311-91xjkv6m author = Martin, Anastasia title = A Rapid Systematic Review Exploring the Involvement of Medical Students in Pandemics and Other Global Health Emergencies date = 2020-09-02 keywords = health; medical; role; student summary = doi = 10.1017/dmp.2020.315 id = cord-279719-z0wuajpx author = Martin-Fumadó, Carles title = Medico-legal and ethical considerations on resource limitation and clinical decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-07-15 keywords = COVID-19; medical; patient; resource summary = Resource rationing has been necessary in the COVID-19 pandemic, and therefore consensus documents have been published for decision-making based on four fundamental ethical values: maximization of benefits, treating people equally, contributing to creating social value and giving priority to the worst off, from which specific recommendations derive: maximize benefits; prioritize health workers; do not prioritize attendance on a first-COme, first-served basis; be sensitive to scientific evidence; recognize participation in research and apply the same principles to COVID-19 patients as to non-COVID-19 patients. The aspects associated with the principle of justice expressed by Beauchamp and Childress will therefore be of key importance in resolving the ethical and medical-legal problems arising from the fair assignation of resources during the COVID-19 pandemic. doi = 10.1016/j.remle.2020.05.004 id = cord-328331-y503xma9 author = Mathieson, Georgia title = Could the future of medical school examinations be open-book - a medical student’s perspective? date = 2020-06-29 keywords = medical summary = doi = 10.1080/10872981.2020.1787308 id = cord-327207-bwuag9ek author = Matloubieh, Jubin E. title = Strategies to Encourage Medical Student Interest in Urology date = 2020-08-07 keywords = medical; student; urology summary = RECENT FINDINGS: Barriers to interest in urology include educational factors, such as timing of exposure to urology in medical school, USMLE scores, research experience, and deciding in time for an early match, as well as socioeconomic barriers, such as cost, being underrepresented in medicine, and gender. Barriers medical students face in pursuing urology include educational factors, such as audition rotations and research, as well as socioeconomic factors, such as cost, underrepresentation in medicine, and gender. Future steps that the urological community can take include increasing involvement in the medical school curriculum during the preclinical years, increasing faculty availability as mentors, broadening the range of urological experiences that students have, lowering academic and socioeconomic barriers, and finding ways to continue vetting quality applicants despite changes in board exam scoring and possible restrictions in the number of programs students can apply to. doi = 10.1007/s11934-020-00984-1 id = cord-318790-u7q8yxhh author = Miller, Anne-Marie title = A multidisciplinary approach to online support for device research translation: regulatory change and clinical engagement date = 2020-10-15 keywords = Medical; device summary = doi = 10.1016/j.hlpt.2020.10.005 id = cord-292976-qctfl6r8 author = Monday, Lea M title = Outcomes of an Online Virtual Boot Camp to Prepare Fourth-Year Medical Students for a Successful Transition to Internship date = 2020-06-11 keywords = medical; session; student summary = doi = 10.7759/cureus.8558 id = cord-024622-ez4ke2of author = Moxon, Nathaniel R. title = The state of ophthalmology medical student education in the United States: An update date = 2020-05-11 keywords = medical summary = doi = 10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.05.001 id = cord-035181-l1heb3or author = Nagarajan, Kiran Koushik title = Prevalence of US-trained International Medical Graduates (IMG) physicians awaiting permanent residency: a quantitative analysis date = 2020-10-29 keywords = Medical; USA summary = title: Prevalence of US-trained International Medical Graduates (IMG) physicians awaiting permanent residency: a quantitative analysis CONCLUSIONS: The total number of US-trained immigrant physicians in active practice awaiting permanent residency to the USA is estimated to be ranging between 14,710 and 16,189. We formulated a stepwise approach to the problem, by first quantifying the number of non-US IMGs (International Medical Graduates who were not US citizens), who had sought residency training in the USA, from 2004 until 2020. These numbers were used to get an estimate of physicians who had likely applied for immigrant petitions currently practicing in the USA but were awaiting permanent residency. The 2018 FSMB census data suggested that while the proportion of physicians from China was relatively small and was not quantified, the majority of licensed IMGs that were currently in practice in the US had graduated from medical schools in India, with their numbers being estimated at 50,173 (23%) (Figure 1 ) [15] . doi = 10.1080/20009666.2020.1816274 id = cord-034317-bhzctz87 author = Ngan, Olivia Miu Yung title = Evolution of bioethics education in the medical programme: a tale of two medical schools date = 2020-10-27 keywords = Hong; Kong; bioethic; medical summary = doi = 10.1007/s40889-020-00112-0 id = cord-348686-wrc6dzvl author = Novintan, Shonnelly title = Simulations and Virtual Learning Supporting Clinical Education During the COVID 19 Pandemic [Letter] date = 2020-09-29 keywords = Medical summary = doi = 10.2147/amep.s276699 id = cord-275074-qyre2hht author = Ortega, Pilar title = Virtual Medical Spanish Education at the Corazón of Hispanic/Latinx Health During COVID-19 date = 2020-08-19 keywords = medical; spanish; student summary = doi = 10.1007/s40670-020-01058-0 id = cord-326253-dddf5u75 author = Patil, Poorvaprabha title = Where Does Indian Medical Education Stand Amidst a Pandemic? date = 2020-08-26 keywords = India; medical summary = doi = 10.1177/2382120520951606 id = cord-263236-0zkhz71p author = Pattisapu, Nikhil title = Distant Supervision for Medical Concept Normalization date = 2020-08-09 keywords = MCN; SNOMED; medical summary = doi = 10.1016/j.jbi.2020.103522 id = cord-332743-cqk0c2ie author = Plachouri, Kerasia‐Maria title = How well prepared are dermatologists redeployed to COVID‐19 wards? date = 2020-05-25 keywords = medical summary = 1 Among these initiatives is the recruitment of doctors of specialties other than internal medicine or anesthesiology and, in some cases, even of medical students. 1-2 Such actions, although necessary and evident in critical times, can be a cause of concern for numerous physicians who are suddenly redeployed to COVID-19 wards yet lack even the basic intensive care training. 2 As far as the structure of the dermatologic medical specialist training is concerned, there are certainly differences among the different countries and even among residency programs in the same country: some residency programs include a general medicine common trunk of variable duration, while others are constituted solely of a full-time dermatology training. Senior medical students in the COVID-19 response: an opportunity to be proactive Training requirements and recommendation for the specialty of dermatology and venereology European Standards of Postgraduate Medical Specialist Training Taking responsibility for complex medical dermatology patient management doi = 10.1111/ijd.14978 id = cord-327723-bnbinwnl author = Rallis, Kathrine S. title = Tele-oncology in the COVID-19 Era: Are Medical Students Left Behind? date = 2020-08-27 keywords = medical summary = doi = 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.08.001 id = cord-333132-m0tkgf7x author = Ravi, Kumar Satish title = Dead Body Management in Times of Covid‐19 and its Potential Impact on the Availability of Cadavers for Medical Education in India date = 2020-04-28 keywords = India; Medical summary = doi = 10.1002/ase.1962 id = cord-018237-5qfdqlpw author = Rinnert, K. J. title = Catastrophic Anachronisms: The Past, Present and Future of Disaster Medicine date = 2006 keywords = Disaster; Life; Support; care; medical summary = Regardless of disaster events, on a daily basis, the great majority of healthcare facilities and emergency medical services (EMS) systems, even in prosperous Western nations, are overwhelmed in terms of emergency care capacity, be they government-based or private entities. Some key reasons for increases in the frequency, magnitude and impact of disasters (natural, unintentional and intentional) since the mid-20 th century z Exponential growth of human populations, concentrated in high-risk venues (e.g., shorelines, earthquake zones and prior uninhabited regions), particularly those externally dependent upon on others for sustenance (food supply chains), power resources and public health hygiene, making human populations increasingly vulnerable when infrastructures disrupted. In essence, there is a spiraling risk for catastrophic events involving multiple casualties and population-based medical morbidity, including proximal injury and illness and subsequent psychological and public health concerns (Table 1) . Even within hospitals, dealing with disaster management is generally administrative in nature (training, equipment, procedures, personnel) and consumes and diverts medical care professionals'' time and efforts from their day-to-day patient care activities. doi = 10.1007/3-540-33396-7_72 id = cord-292035-y37whb0u author = Roberts, Chris title = How medical education can help in a COVID‐19 crisis date = 2020-05-28 keywords = medical summary = doi = 10.1111/tct.13183 id = cord-341932-n8ljjdhu author = Sandhu, Preeti title = The impact of COVID-19 on the undergraduate medical curriculum date = 2020-05-13 keywords = medical summary = doi = 10.1080/10872981.2020.1764740 id = cord-347645-xj4p68ba author = Savage, Nicholas title = The impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on medical students in Australia date = 2020-06-14 keywords = medical; student summary = doi = 10.1111/ans.16103 id = cord-260907-uuaa9ta2 author = Schaffir, Jonathan title = Challenges to Medical Education on Surgical Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-08-28 keywords = medical; student; surgical summary = Clinical clerkships in surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, and anesthesiology require students to participate in surgeries and procedures to learn technical skills, and then demonstrate such skills to assess competence. The remainder of this paper focuses on the potential solutions and barriers to providing adequate undergraduate medical education in procedure-oriented fields in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic. Educators looking to provide examples of surgical videos to their learners need to curate these collections with the knowledge base of the learner in mind [12, 13] . Creating educational tools that instruct students in surgical assisting may fill an important need. Sharing web-based video examples of appropriate communication techniques has been shown to be effective in teaching surgical trainees [23] . Students at our institution who were asked which remote teaching methods they considered the most helpful gave similar ratings to interactive online cases, remote lectures, and faculty-guided surgical videos. The effect of degree of immersion upon learning performance in virtual reality simulations for medical education doi = 10.1007/s40670-020-01072-2 id = cord-257680-ds1y3ks9 author = Schiller, Marcus title = Management of pandemic or large-scale emergencies in Germany with a focus on the current and potential role of university schools of dentistry: Can it help in COVID-19 time? date = 2020-10-02 keywords = dental; emergency; medical summary = BACKGROUND: The study presented here systematically examines the potential involvement of dental, oral and maxillofacial centres (ZMK) in the management of pandemia or in large-scale emergencies. Taking into account previous studies, the aim of this study was thus to systematically investigate the current rate and potential increase in integration of dental medical centres at university hospitals in the emergency response plan of the hospital as a whole. Previous contingency plans for a mass casualty scenario had foreseen the fire service, Germany''s Federal Disaster Relief Agency (THW) and the Red Cross setting up and operating treatment stations at the outpatient clinic of the MHH to support the hospital. On average, the dental medical centres feature a total of 82.5 dental treatment units and 4.9 surgical rooms, which fall into the categories of minor surgery rooms, emergency operating theatres and operating theatres. doi = 10.1186/s42269-020-00427-4 id = cord-291081-3294r4gh author = TABATABAI, SHIMA title = COVID-19 impact and virtual medical education date = 2020-07-17 keywords = education; medical summary = doi = 10.30476/jamp.2020.86070.1213 id = cord-017650-2uqy3bnd author = Taylor, Robert B. title = Now and Future Practice date = 2010-04-24 keywords = John; Osler; Pasteur; book; medical summary = In the past 11 chapters, we have visited some heroes, diseases, and treatments that are part of the heritage of the healing professions, we have discussed some of the language of medicine and some thoughts of our most erudite predecessors, and we have examined some instances of clinical practice, including a few times when what happened was not what we today would have wished. Sometime around 1904, Sir William Osler (1849-1919) collected a number of his addresses "delivered at sundry times and diverse places in the course of a busy life." The book''s title is Aequanirnitas with Other Addresses to Medical Students, Nurses and Practitioners of Medicine. A 2006 investigative report in the Portland newspaper, The Oregonian, tells the reaction of Epley''s colleagues: "Inexplicably, they rejected him, heaved accusations that threatened his license to practice medicine." Today, however, the Epley chair is gaining acceptance, has garnered several million dollars in federal grants, and may be on its way to a medical clinic near you (4). doi = 10.1007/978-0-387-73080-6_12 id = cord-331410-mcee0wr4 author = Tempski, P. title = Medical students perceptions and motivations in time of COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-05-30 keywords = medical; student summary = doi = 10.1101/2020.05.28.20115956 id = cord-320184-wacoz5t9 author = Thirumalaikolundusubramanian, Ponniah title = Ethics, Legality, and Education in the Practice of Cardiology date = 2014-08-15 keywords = care; ethical; health; medical; patient; practice summary = Codes of ethics provide a wealth of information on a variety of aspects such as virtue-based ethical decision making, professional responsibilities, counseling relationships, consulting, private practice, evaluation and assessment, research and publications, counselor education, training, and supervision. A. Knowledge in medicine and timely application in a given situation to assess the case at the bedside meticulously with empathy; analysis of clinical issues and challenges, and differentiating one from another with or without the help of laboratory data; application of appropriate specific and nonspecific measures to alleviate the symptoms or to treat cases with currently available guidelines; acceptance of limitations of knowledge and skills, resources, and constraints; arrangement for referral or consultation; provision of follow-up care, rehabilitation services, or welfare program depending on the case; proper documentation, adequate informed consent, continuous monitoring to strengthen physicianÀpatient relationship, patient satisfaction, and quality of life, thereby avoiding any conflicts or liability issues. doi = 10.1016/b978-0-12-416595-3.00023-2 id = cord-349014-zkm2mph9 author = Wang, Jessie J. title = COVID-19: novel pandemic, novel generation of medical students date = 2020-06-02 keywords = medical; student summary = doi = 10.1016/j.bja.2020.05.025 id = cord-355772-kvenaqj3 author = Wang, Xuan title = Letter: Strategies for Prevention and Control of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection Among Medical Staff date = 2020-04-11 keywords = COVID-19; medical summary = doi = 10.1093/neuros/nyaa117 id = cord-325071-5vn0ozqj author = Wayne, Diane B. title = Medical education in the time of COVID-19 date = 2020-07-29 keywords = education; medical summary = doi = 10.1126/sciadv.abc7110 id = cord-353772-z1x52stl author = Wilkening, Dean A. title = Combatting Bioterrorism date = 2008-09-05 keywords = States; United; attack; biological; medical; weapon summary = Therefore, interdiction programs like the Proliferation Security Initiative -a US effort to create international agreements and partnerships with other countries to allow the United States and its allies to board airplanes or ships suspected of carrying weapons of mass destruction or their components -may have some deterrent role but without accurate and timely intelligence, it will likely be of limited effectiveness against biological threats, unlike chemical, nuclear, or ballistic missile threats where the cargo is easier to detect. And, some functions can overlap in time; for example, the logistics associated with activating the Strategic National Stockpile (warehouses in the United States that currently store medical supplies for a massive infectious outbreak) and setting up and staffing the points of distribution (PODs) where people will eventually queue up to receive treatment can occur simultaneously and immediately after an attack is detected but before the agent has been identified. doi = 10.1016/b978-012373985-8.00223-3 id = cord-272218-6vpu59xq author = Wu, Anette title = Internationalization of Medical Education—a Scoping Review of the Current Status in the United States date = 2020-08-05 keywords = international; medical; student summary = doi = 10.1007/s40670-020-01034-8 id = cord-024613-yump76qu author = Wu, Chunxing title = Recommendations for control and prevention of infections for pediatric orthopedics during the epidemic period of COVID-19 date = 2020-04-23 keywords = COVID-19; SARS; medical summary = Combined with our experience, we have consulted the relevant national regulations and the latest research advances and have formulated the prevention and control measures of SARS-CoV-2 infection, including outpatient, emergency, inpatient and surgical cares, for clinical practices of pediatric orthopedics according to the physicochemical properties of SARS-CoV-2. Combined with our experience, we have consulted the relevant national regulations and the latest research advances and have formulated the prevention and control measures of SARS-CoV-2 infection, including outpatient, emergency, inpatient and surgical cares for pediatric orthopedics, pediatric surgery and others. reCommendAtion formAtion proCeSS Given the high demand of patients for medical treatment and the need to protect medical staff from infectious diseases, a recommendation working group "Recommendation Formulating Team for Pediatric Orthopedic Infection controls during the Epidemic''s Period of COVID-19" (including all authors) was formed to focus on relevant issues for protection of medical staff in pediatric surgery, pediatric orthopedics, infectious diseases department, anesthesiology department, and nursing department to hospital administrators. doi = 10.1136/wjps-2020-000124 id = cord-350842-4m82l5t8 author = Xing, Jun title = Study of the mental health status of medical personnel dealing with new coronavirus pneumonia date = 2020-05-19 keywords = COVID-19; medical; personnel summary = doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0233145 id = cord-330503-w1m1ci4i author = Yamin, Mohammad title = IT applications in healthcare management: a survey date = 2018-05-31 keywords = datum; medical; system summary = doi = 10.1007/s41870-018-0203-3 id = cord-253211-klewqw7u author = Zhang, Yan title = Factors Influencing Mental Health of Medical Workers During the COVID-19 Outbreak date = 2020-09-22 keywords = China; medical; psychological summary = We used a self-designed questionnaire to collect demographic information and data on mental states, including gender, age (years), educational level, job rank, body and mind reaction, cognition of risk, and the judgment of the epidemic situation. At the same time, the psychological stress responses of medical staff were significantly different according to the levels of exposure in their environments, duration and personal experience. Inspired by this theory, this study attempted to investigate whether differences in the exposure environment, personal experience, and exposure duration of medical care personnel would lead to differences in their psychological responses, and advice and assistance were provided to personnel to prevent the development of mental health issues. We used a selfdesigned questionnaire to collect demographics and mental state data including factors such as gender, age (years), educational level, job rank, body and mind reaction, cognition of risk, and the judgment of the epidemic situation, which was started in the third week after the outbreak, and the specific time is from February 12 to February 21, 2020. doi = 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00491 id = cord-289205-or60zzjs author = Zhou, Liang title = A Bibliometric Profile of Disaster Medicine Research from 2008 to 2017: A Scientometric Analysis date = 2018-05-02 keywords = disaster; health; medical; medicine summary = doi = 10.1017/dmp.2018.11 id = cord-347245-35naeuo7 author = Zhou, Yongjie title = The prevalence and risk factors of psychological disturbances of frontline medical staff in China under the COVID-19 epidemic: workload should be concerned date = 2020-08-26 keywords = COVID-19; medical; staff summary = doi = 10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.059 id = cord-000718-7whai7nr author = nan title = ESP Abstracts 2012 date = 2012-08-22 keywords = ALK; BRAF; CD10; CD34; CK7; CRC; Dept; EBV; EGFR; HCC; HER2; Hodgkin; Hospital; IHC; KRAS; Ki-67; Ki67; MSI; Medical; NSCLC; Objective; PCR; Pathology; Turkey; University; cancer; carcinoma; case; cell; conclusion; diagnosis; dna; expression; fish; high; method; patient; primary; result; study; tissue; tumor summary = Method: We analyzed consecutive gastric cancer cases in terms of AMACR immunohistochemical expression and clinical/pathological characteristics and followed patients'' postoperative history. Results: Histological, immunohistochemical and molecular examination revealed non-neoplastic lymphadenopathy with atypical paracortical T-cell hyperplasia with immunoblastic reaction in the former and burnt-out histiocytic pattern in the latter, both falling into a broad spectrum of reactive lymph node changes associated with Still''s disease. Method: We have thus collected, from our two Institutions a large number (45 cases) of cancers showing the histological definition of adenosquamous carcinomas according to the WHO criteria and performed gene analysis for k-RAS (codons 12, 13) and EGFR (codons 18, 19 and 21) mutations. Objective: We previously identified amplified fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGFR1) as a therapeutic target for small molecule inhibitor (SMI) therapy in squamous cell lung cancer (L-SCC), resulting in currently running clinical trials treating patients with stage III disease. doi = 10.1007/s00428-012-1284-1 id = cord-006849-vgjz74ts author = nan title = 27th International Congress of the European Association for Endoscopic Surgery (EAES) Sevilla, Spain, 12–15 June 2019 date = 2019-09-13 keywords = BMI; December; ERCP; Endosc; GERD; Hospital; ICG; January; Japan; MRI; Medical; Nissen; November; TME; University; aim; approach; cancer; case; complication; conclusion; day; gastric; group; hernia; laparoscopic; method; patient; perform; postoperative; procedure; resection; result; robotic; roux; study; surgery; surgical; time; treatment; year summary = Methods: We are performing this procedures within a prospective randomized trial that is design to compare the long term results of LRYGB-B versus the standard laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.The video shows our technique in a case of a 46 years old female with a BMI of 46 Kg/m2. Material and methods: We present a video of the surgical intervention of a 32-year-old patient, with functional dyspepsia, with a casual diagnosis of a pseudocystic mass of the right colon after performing a CT scan: giant diverticulum of the hepatic colon angle with fecaloid content inside it under tension The patient goes to the emergency room for acute abdominal pain, pending colonoscopy, antibiotic treatment is established, and a laparoscopic approach is decided upon after the patient''s evolution. Method: We present the case of a 65-year-old patient with surgical antecedent of laparoscopic low anterior resection due to rectal cancer, presenting in postoperative period an anastomosis leakage with severe peritonitis was identified and a laparotomy with end colostomy was performed. doi = 10.1007/s00464-019-07109-x id = cord-006854-o2e5na78 author = nan title = Scientific Session of the 16th World Congress of Endoscopic Surgery, Jointly Hosted by Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) & Canadian Association of General Surgeons (CAGS), Seattle, Washington, USA, 11–14 April 2018: Poster Abstracts date = 2018-04-20 keywords = BMI; CBD; Center; ERCP; FLS; GERD; Hospital; ICG; January; LOS; LSG; Medical; RYGB; SILS; University; case; complication; conclusion; follow; gastric; group; hernia; introduction; laparoscopic; method; operative; outcome; patient; postoperative; procedure; rate; report; result; robotic; roux; study; surgeon; surgery; surgical; time summary = Totally Laparoscopic ALPPS Combined with the Microwave Ablation for a Patient with a Huge HCC Hua Zhang; Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Introduction: Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) is a novel technique for resecting hepatic tumors that were previously considered unresectable due to the insufficient future liver remnant (FLR) which may result in postoperative liver failure (PLF). Not only does this case show that a large epiphrenic diverticulm can be successfully resected via the trans-abdominal laparoscopic approach, this case makes the argument that patients undergoing any minimally-invasive epiphrenic diverticulectomy and myotomy, with or without fundoplication, may be successfully managed with early post-operative contrast studies and dietary advancement, thus decreasing their length of hospitalization and overall cost of treatment. Introduction: There are reports of increased operative duration, blood loss and postoperative morbidity, caused by difficulties in obtaining good visualization and in controlling bleeding when laparoscopic resection is performed in obese patients with colon cancer. doi = 10.1007/s00464-018-6121-4 id = cord-006882-t9w1cdr4 author = nan title = Royal Academy of Medicine in Ireland date = 2012-07-22 keywords = DEXA; Hospital; case; disease; medical; patient; study; year summary = doi = 10.1007/s11845-012-0833-6 id = cord-007890-bie1veti author = nan title = ECC-4 Abstracts date = 2002-04-16 keywords = Department; Diseases; ESBL; France; HAART; HCV; HIV; Hospital; IFN; Infectious; Institute; MIC; MRSA; Medical; Medicine; Microbiology; NCCLS; PCR; Purpose; RNA; Spain; Staphylococcus; University; gram; isolate; patient; resistance; result; strain; study summary = Effects of Interferon alpha plus ribavirine therapy on frequencies of HCV, HIV and CMV specific CD4-T-cell responses in peripheral blood of HIV/HCV coinfected patients after 6 months of treatment SoA9.5 Methods: Two groups of patients with chronic HCV infection were studied: 26 HIV coinfected progressors with antiretroviral therapy and 13 HIV-negative controls. In order to assess the local temporal trend of antibiotic sensitivity of the most common urinary tract bacterial pathogen, all urine-cultured Escherichia coli isolates were reviewed as to susceptibility profile, and specimen source (community-versus hospital-acquired infection). Methods: A total of 87 penicillin resistant clinical strains isolated from patients at Hacettepe Children''s Hospital, Ankara, Turkey between 1999 and 2001 were tested for their in vitro susceptibility to various antibiotics that are commonly used in the treatment of respiratory tract infections. doi = 10.1016/s0924-8579(02)00033-x id = cord-009997-oecpqf1j author = nan title = 2018 ASPHO ABSTRACTS date = 2018-03-31 keywords = AKI; AML; AYA; BRAF; Background; CNS; Cancer; Center; Children; EBV; GVHD; Group; HLH; HSCT; Hospital; January; MRD; MRI; Medical; Method; S301; SCD; States; TCD; United; University; VOC; VTE; cell; child; disease; high; patient; pediatric; result; study; therapy; treatment; tumor; year summary = doi = 10.1002/pbc.27057 id = cord-010119-t1x9gknd author = nan title = Abstract Presentations from the AABB Annual Meeting San Diego, CA ctober 7‐10, 2017 date = 2017-09-04 keywords = ABO; Anti; Background; Blood; CD36; Case; Center; DAT; DTT; Design; FDA; FFP; HBV; HCV; HIV; HLA; Hospital; IPC; MTP; Medical; Medicine; NAT; PCR; PLT; RBC; RHD; Red; Studies; Study; System; TPE; University; WBC; ZIKV; Zika; cd341; cell; conclusion; day; dna; donor; finding; method; patient; platelet; result; sample; table; test; transfusion; type summary = Conclusion: The wide distribution in the concentration of bioactive lipids among 405 stored RBC units suggests that lipid degradation is highly donor-Background/Case Studies: To ensure availability of biological products to hospitals, blood banks have developed and validated multiple storage conditions for each of their products to maximize shelf life and quality. 1 The Department of Blood Transfusion, The PLA General Hospital, 2 The Department of Blood Transfusion, Air Force General Hospital, PLA Background/Case Studies: Recently, multi researches have reported that longer term-stored red blood cells(RBCs) units were associated with increased risks of clinically adverse events, especially in critically ill patients. Weak D types 1, 2 and 3 express all the major RhD epitopes and these patients can be managed as RhD-positive, which may lead to a reduction in unnecessary Rh immunoglobulin (RhIG) administration and conservation of RhD-negative RBCs. Study Design/Method: RHD genotyping was performed on all patient samples with weaker than expected or discrepant RhD typing results, utilizing a commercially available genotyping kit manufactured by Immucor (RHD BeadChip). doi = 10.1111/trf.14286 id = cord-014687-0am4l5ms author = nan title = SPR 2012 date = 2012-03-29 keywords = ACR; ADC; Administration; Case; Center; Children; College; DWI; Dr.; Drug; FDA; Food; Hospital; Imaging; MDCT; MRI; Materials; Medical; NF1; PET; Pediatric; Purpose; Radiology; Report; SPR; Society; University; child; clinical; conclusion; diagnosis; finding; image; patient; result; review; study summary = This presentation will focus on recent developments that have lead to a better understanding of the embryopathogenesis for fibropolycystic liver diseases (including choledochal cysts and Caroli disease), histopathological findings that have led to new classification systems for of pediatric vascular anomalies, technological advances and contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging that are useful to characterize and limit the differential diagnosis of hepatic masses. Disclosure: Dr. Annapragada has indicated that he is a stock holder and consultant for Marval Biosciences Inc. Paper #: PA-067 Cardiovascular Image Quality Using a Nanoparticle CT Contrast Agent: Preliminary Studies in a Pig Model Rajesh Krishnamurthy, Radiology, Texas Children''s Hospital, rxkrishn@texaschildrens.org; Ketan Ghaghada, Prakash Masand, Abhay Divekar, Eric Hoffman, Ananth Annapragada Purpose or Case Report: Image quality in a separate study using a long circulating, liposomal-based nanoscale blood pool iodinated contrast agent (NCTX) suggests clinical utility in pediatrics, potentially reducing difficulties in contrast-CT of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) including the size of intravenous cannula, need for accurate timing, inability to simultaneously opacify multiple targets of interest (requiring repeated contrast administration and/or repeated imaging). doi = 10.1007/s00247-012-2356-8 id = cord-014794-yppi30a0 author = nan title = 19th European Congress of Pathology, Ljubljana, Slovenia, September 6-11, 2003 date = 2003-07-31 keywords = Bcl-2; CD10; CD30; Department; FNA; HCC; Hospital; IHC; III; Institute; Introduction; Ki-67; Ki67; Medical; Medicine; NHL; PCNA; PCR; Pathology; University; VEGF; aim; cancer; carcinoma; case; cell; conclusion; diagnosis; dna; expression; group; high; hpv; lesion; material; method; patient; positive; result; study; tissue; tumor summary = These parts were in a high percentage associated with fibrosis and lymphocyte rich areas and showed a higher mitotic activity than usual PTCs. Discussion The differences in the occurrence of TCV and TCmorphology between the presented series and previously reported cases might result from until now not clearly defined tall cell morphology as well as from similarities to PTCs, such as the oxyphilic variant, which is extremely rare in our series, and maybe also from often described squamous changes within PTCs. Due to these data it is not clear which tumor parts have relevance for prognosis and which tumors should be treated more aggressively than others. The aims of this study were to characterize the group of patients with BSOT and evaluate the significance of various molecular markers expression versus serous papillary ovarian carcinomas (SPOC) Material and methods We analyzed a total of 102 cases including: 64 cystadenoma, 10 borderline and 28 cystadenocarcinoma. doi = 10.1007/s00428-003-0864-5 id = cord-015394-uj7fe5y6 author = nan title = Scientific Abstracts date = 2008-12-23 keywords = ACTH; AEA; ANOVA; BMI; CRF; Center; ELISA; EOC; ERK; GDM; Gynecology; Hospital; IL-1; IL-6; IL-8; IUGR; IVF; LPS; Medical; Medicine; NIH; Netherlands; Obstetrics; P<0.05; PCOS; PCR; PPROM; RNA; Research; School; TNF; USA; University; VEGF; cell; conclusion; control; dna; expression; fetal; fsh; human; increase; level; maternal; method; objective; placental; pregnancy; result; study; western; woman summary = Studies involving immunohistochemical analysis of normal ovaries have shown that granulosa cells express significantly higher levels of the activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor, cFos compared to theca cells, where cFos expression is virtually absent. Following acute hypoxia (0.5% O2) for one to six hours, RhoA mRNA, total protein and activation (RhoA-GTP) levels were analysed, using semi-quantitative PCRs and western blot, and compared to normoxic non-pregnant human uterine smooth muscle control cells. Since there is an urgent need for non-invasive methods for determination of fetal (F) and placental (P) function, this study was designed to evaluate the genes differently and commonly expressed in P tissue and leukocytes in maternal (M) and F circulation.Material and Methods. The current study: 1) localized IL-6 mRNA levels in preeclamptic versus normal decidual sections; 2) evaluated mechanisms regulating IL-6 synthesis by targeting intracellular signaling pathways with specific inhibitors; 3) identified potential IL-6 targets by immunolocalizing the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) to specific cell types in placental bed biopsies. doi = 10.1177/19337191080150020102 id = cord-023049-fio7cjj5 author = nan title = 2017 Peripheral Nerve Society Meeting July 8–12, 2017 Sitges, Barcelona, Spain date = 2017-06-22 keywords = AMAN; Barré; CIDP; CMT; CSA; Center; Charcot; DRG; Department; EMG; FAP; France; GBS; GM1; Guillain; Hospital; IENFD; IVIG; Institute; Italy; Japan; MMN; MRC; MRI; Marie; Medical; Medicine; NCS; National; Neurology; Neuropathy; PMP22; PNS; School; Schwann; Singapore; TTR; Tooth; USA; University; cmt1a; mag; nerve; patient; study summary = Clinical efficacy (Medical Research Council sum score, 10-m walk, modified Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment score, Overall Neuropathy Limitations Scale, Romberg test) and patient-reported outcomes (36-item Short Form Health Survey , Life Quality Index [LQI] ) were assessed at baseline and at regular intervals until the final visit (10-14 months after switching). To explore the issue of early biomarkers in FAP, we performed skin biopsy and compared IENF density with parameters of nerve conduction studies (NCS) and quantitative sensory testing (QST) on 36 subjects (23 men, aged 55.1 ± 11.1 years) with genetic confirmation of TTR-A97S: 17 patients and 19 carriers. Results: The Gly112Ser mutation causing CMT1C is a mild form of CMT, as patients walked on time, had less weakness than those with Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease type 1A (CMT1A), had a Charcot Marie Tooth neuropathy score (CMTNS) indicative of mild disease, and had faster ulnar and median motor nerve conduction velocities compared to those with CMT1A. doi = 10.1111/jns.12225 id = cord-023211-kt5gt26t author = nan title = Poster Session Abstracts date = 2007-08-29 keywords = ASL; ATP; BMI; CFF; CFQ; CFRD; CFTR; Center; Cystic; DHA; FEV1; FVC; Fibrosis; Foundation; GFP; HBE; Hospital; IL-8; Isc; MRSA; Medical; NBD1; NIH; PCR; PKA; Pseudomonas; USA; United; University; airway; cell; conclusion; dna; increase; lung; method; patient; result; study; ∆F508; ∆F508-CFTR summary = Previous studies performed using fluorescence halide efflux measurements and short-circuit current voltage clamp have shown that treatment with PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma) agonists, such as pioglitazone and FLL (FMOC-L-leucine), resulted in an increased biosynthesis and trafficking of ∆F508-CFTR to the cell surface. Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom Recent progress in the development of small molecule correctors and potentiators capable of restoring CFTR function have increased the need for pre-clinical test models including cultured airway epithelial cells from human CF patients as well as CF mouse models. Clinical studies have linked increased sputum and peripheral blood neutrophil MPO activity with increased airflow obstruction in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients of the same age, gender, airway bacterial flora, and CFTR genotype. Because patients expressing low levels of normal CFTR mRNA (5-20%) have mild disease symptoms, these studies demonstrate that the incorporation of the ciliated cell-specific FOXJ1 promoter into gene therapy vectors may be useful for treatment of CF. doi = 10.1002/ppul.20700 id = cord-257167-rz4r5sj7 author = nan title = Abstracts for the 29th Annual Meeting of the Japan Neuroscience Society (Neuroscience2006) date = 2006-12-31 keywords = Anatomy; BDNF; BSI; Biology; Brain; CA1; CNS; CREST; Center; Chiba; Department; Dept; Div; Division; Engineering; Fos; GABA; GFP; Graduate; Hiroshi; Institute; JST; Japan; KAKENHI; Kobe; Kyoto; LTD; LTP; Laboratory; Life; Medical; Medicine; NMDA; Nagoya; National; Neuroscience; Niigata; Okazaki; Osaka; PS1A; PS2P; PS3A; Physiology; Purkinje; RIKEN; Research; Saitama; Sato; School; Science; Sendai; Takashi; Technology; Tohoku; Tokyo; Tsukuba; USA; University; Wako; activity; cell; effect; mouse; neuron; neuronal; ps3p; response; result; study summary = SY1-3-11-3 SAD: A novel kinase implicated in phosphoproteome at the presynaptic active zone Toshihisa Ohtsuka Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine/Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan SAD is a serine/threonine kianse, which has been shown to regulate various neuronal functions during development, including clustering synaptic vesicles, maturation of synapses, and axon/dendrite polarization: these have recently been revealed by genetic studies in C. The results suggest that EAAT4 plays a major role in regulating the concentration of CF transmitters, possibly glutamate, in the route of its extrasynaptic diffusion, and determining the degree of CF-induced inhibition of GABA release from BCs depending on the regional difference of EAAT4 expression in postsynaptic PCs. Chitoshi Takayama 1 , Yoshiro Inoue 1 1 Department of Molecular Neuroanatomy, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan GABA mediates inhibitory transmission in the adult central nervous system (CNS). doi = 10.1016/j.neures.2006.04.004