id sid tid token lemma pos cord-255762-qd6fht8y 1 1 key key JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 1 2 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 1 3 cord-255762-qd6fht8y cord-255762-qd6fht8y . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 2 1 authors author NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 2 2 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 2 3 Bucciol Bucciol NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 2 4 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 2 5 Alessandro Alessandro NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 2 6 ; ; : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 2 7 Camboni Camboni NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 2 8 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 2 9 Riccardo Riccardo NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 2 10 ; ; : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 2 11 Valbonesi Valbonesi NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 2 12 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 2 13 Paola Paola NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 2 14 title title NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 2 15 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 2 16 Purchasing purchase VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 2 17 Medical Medical NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 2 18 Devices Devices NNPS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 2 19 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 3 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 3 2 Role role NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 3 3 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 3 4 Buyer Buyer NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 3 5 Competence Competence NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 3 6 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 3 7 Discretion Discretion NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 3 8 date date NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 3 9 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 3 10 2020 2020 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 3 11 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 3 12 08 08 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 3 13 - - SYM cord-255762-qd6fht8y 3 14 26 26 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 3 15 journal journal NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 3 16 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 3 17 J J NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 3 18 Health Health NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 3 19 Econ Econ NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 3 20 DOI doi NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 3 21 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 4 1 10.1016 10.1016 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 4 2 / / SYM cord-255762-qd6fht8y 4 3 j.jhealeco.2020.102370 j.jhealeco.2020.102370 NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 4 4 sha sha NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 4 5 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 5 1 cae32fdf1c6af3855c51e2b4f4398a5cc04a901b cae32fdf1c6af3855c51e2b4f4398a5cc04a901b NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 5 2 doc_id doc_id NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 5 3 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 5 4 255762 255762 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 5 5 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 5 6 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 5 7 qd6fht8y qd6fht8y NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 6 1 This this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 6 2 paper paper NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 6 3 investigates investigate VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 6 4 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 6 5 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 6 6 variability variability NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 6 7 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 6 8 standardized standardized JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 6 9 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 6 10 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 6 11 purchased purchase VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 6 12 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 6 13 Italian italian JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 6 14 Public Public NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 6 15 Buyers Buyers NNPS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 6 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 6 17 PBs PBs NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 6 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 6 19 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 7 1 A a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 7 2 semiparametric semiparametric JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 7 3 approach approach NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 7 4 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 7 5 used use VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 7 6 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 7 7 recover recover VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 7 8 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 7 9 marginal marginal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 7 10 cost cost NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 7 11 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 7 12 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 7 13 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 7 14 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 8 1 Average average JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 8 2 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 8 3 vary vary VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 8 4 substantially substantially RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 8 5 between between IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 8 6 PBs pb NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 8 7 ; ; : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 8 8 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 8 9 show show VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 8 10 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 8 11 most most JJS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 8 12 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 8 13 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 8 14 difference difference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 8 15 between between IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 8 16 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 8 17 purchase purchase NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 8 18 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 8 19 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 8 20 estimated estimate VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 8 21 costs cost NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 8 22 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 8 23 associated associate VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 8 24 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 8 25 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 8 26 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 8 27 fixed fix VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 8 28 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 8 29 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 8 30 which which WDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 8 31 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 8 32 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 8 33 turn turn NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 8 34 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 8 35 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 8 36 related relate VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 8 37 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 8 38 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 8 39 institutional institutional JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 8 40 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 8 41 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 8 42 size size NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 8 43 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 8 44 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 8 45 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 8 46 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 9 1 Repeating repeat VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 9 2 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 9 3 main main JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 9 4 estimation estimation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 9 5 using use VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 9 6 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 9 7 fixed fix VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 9 8 effects effect NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 9 9 yields yield NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 9 10 similar similar JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 9 11 results result NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 9 12 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 10 1 Finally finally RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 10 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 10 3 an an DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 10 4 exogenous exogenous JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 10 5 policy policy NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 10 6 change change NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 10 7 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 10 8 i.e. i.e. FW cord-255762-qd6fht8y 10 9 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 10 10 termination termination NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 10 11 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 10 12 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 10 13 mandatory mandatory JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 10 14 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 10 15 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 10 16 regime regime NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 10 17 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 10 18 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 10 19 used use VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 10 20 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 10 21 assess assess VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 10 22 how how WRB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 10 23 discretion discretion NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 10 24 affects affect VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 10 25 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 10 26 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 10 27 procurement procurement NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 10 28 given give VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 10 29 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 10 30 skills skill NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 10 31 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 10 32 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 10 33 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 10 34 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 11 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 11 2 results result NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 11 3 show show VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 11 4 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 11 5 less less JJR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 11 6 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 11 7 discretion discretion NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 11 8 — — : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 11 9 i.e. i.e. FW cord-255762-qd6fht8y 11 10 when when WRB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 11 11 mandatory mandatory JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 11 12 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 11 13 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 11 14 apply apply VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 11 15 – – : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 11 16 determines determine VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 11 17 efficiency efficiency NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 11 18 gains gain NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 11 19 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 11 20 losses loss NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 11 21 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 11 22 low- low- NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 11 23 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 11 24 high high JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 11 25 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 11 26 skilled skilled JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 11 27 PBs pb NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 11 28 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 11 29 respectively respectively RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 11 30 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 12 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 12 2 European european JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 12 3 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 12 4 technology technology NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 12 5 market market NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 12 6 -comprising -comprising NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 13 1 mainly mainly RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 13 2 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 13 3 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 13 4 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 13 5 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 13 6 vitro vitro FW cord-255762-qd6fht8y 13 7 diagnostics diagnostic NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 13 8 -was -was : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 13 9 valued value VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 13 10 at at IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 13 11 roughly roughly RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 13 12 e115 e115 JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 13 13 billion billion CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 13 14 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 13 15 2017 2017 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 13 16 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 14 1 At at IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 14 2 27 27 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 14 3 % % NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 14 4 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 14 5 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 14 6 world world NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 14 7 market market NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 14 8 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 14 9 it -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 14 10 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 14 11 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 14 12 second second RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 14 13 largest large JJS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 14 14 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 14 15 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 14 16 world world NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 14 17 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 14 18 after after IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 14 19 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 14 20 United United NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 14 21 States States NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 14 22 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 15 1 Medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 15 2 technology technology NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 15 3 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 15 4 characterised characterise VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 15 5 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 15 6 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 15 7 continuous continuous JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 15 8 innovation innovation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 15 9 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 15 10 1 1 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 15 11 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 15 12 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 15 13 short short JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 15 14 life life NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 15 15 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 15 16 cycle cycle NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 15 17 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 15 18 products product NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 15 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 15 20 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 15 21 average average JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 15 22 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 15 23 18 18 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 15 24 - - SYM cord-255762-qd6fht8y 15 25 24 24 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 15 26 months month NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 15 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 15 28 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 16 1 In in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 16 2 2017 2017 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 16 3 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 16 4 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 16 5 this this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 16 6 sector sector NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 16 7 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 16 8 more more JJR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 16 9 than than IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 16 10 13,000 13,000 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 16 11 patent patent NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 16 12 applications application NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 16 13 were be VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 16 14 filed file VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 16 15 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 16 16 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 16 17 European European NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 16 18 Patent Patent NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 16 19 Office Office NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 16 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 16 21 EPO EPO NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 16 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 16 23 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 16 24 twice twice PDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 16 25 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 16 26 number number NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 16 27 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 16 28 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 16 29 pharmaceutical pharmaceutical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 16 30 sector sector NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 16 31 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 17 1 2 2 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 17 2 Medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 17 3 technologies technology NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 17 4 provide provide VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 17 5 value value NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 17 6 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 17 7 various various JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 17 8 ways way NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 17 9 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 17 10 saving save VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 17 11 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 17 12 improving improve VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 17 13 lives life NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 17 14 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 17 15 promptly promptly RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 17 16 detecting detect VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 17 17 disease disease NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 17 18 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 17 19 providing provide VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 17 20 effective effective JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 17 21 treatment treatment NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 17 22 options option NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 17 23 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 17 24 patients patient NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 17 25 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 17 26 healthcare healthcare NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 17 27 systems system NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 17 28 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 18 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 18 2 can can MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 18 3 also also RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 18 4 deliver deliver VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 18 5 significant significant JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 18 6 savings saving NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 18 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 18 8 i.e. i.e. FW cord-255762-qd6fht8y 18 9 via via IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 18 10 efficiency efficiency NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 18 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 18 12 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 18 13 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 18 14 health health NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 18 15 system system NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 18 16 over over IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 18 17 time time NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 18 18 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 19 1 This this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 19 2 paper paper NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 19 3 empirically empirically RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 19 4 investigates investigate VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 19 5 public public JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 19 6 procurement procurement NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 19 7 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 19 8 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 19 9 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 19 10 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 19 11 Italy Italy NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 19 12 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 19 13 decomposing decompose VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 19 14 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 19 15 variation variation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 19 16 into into IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 19 17 components component NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 19 18 explained explain VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 19 19 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 19 20 buyer buyer NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 19 21 fixed fix VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 19 22 effects effect NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 19 23 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 19 24 buyer buyer NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 19 25 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 19 26 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 20 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 20 2 study study NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 20 3 period period NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 20 4 overlaps overlap VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 20 5 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 20 6 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 20 7 time time NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 20 8 when when WRB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 20 9 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 20 10 pricing pricing NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 20 11 was be VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 20 12 temporarily temporarily RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 20 13 imposed impose VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 20 14 at at IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 20 15 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 20 16 national national JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 20 17 level level NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 20 18 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 20 19 allowing allow VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 20 20 examination examination NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 20 21 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 20 22 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 20 23 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 20 24 effects effect NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 20 25 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 20 26 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 20 27 policy policy NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 20 28 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 20 29 different different JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 20 30 buyers buyer NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 20 31 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 21 1 In in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 21 2 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 21 3 US US NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 21 4 healthcare healthcare NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 21 5 system system NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 21 6 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 21 7 purchase purchase NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 21 8 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 21 9 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 21 10 technologies technology NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 21 11 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 21 12 usually usually RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 21 13 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 21 14 direct direct JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 21 15 trade trade NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 21 16 negotiated negotiate VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 21 17 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 21 18 private private JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 21 19 hospital hospital NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 21 20 managers manager NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 21 21 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 21 22 suppliers supplier NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 21 23 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 22 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 22 2 resulting result VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 22 3 contracts contract NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 22 4 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 22 5 characterised characterise VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 22 6 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 22 7 strategic strategic JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 22 8 discretion discretion NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 22 9 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 22 10 flexibility flexibility NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 22 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 22 12 Grennan Grennan NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 22 13 2013 2013 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 22 14 ; ; : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 22 15 2014 2014 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 22 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 22 17 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 23 1 By by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 23 2 contrast contrast NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 23 3 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 23 4 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 23 5 EU EU NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 23 6 countries country NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 23 7 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 23 8 purchasing purchasing NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 23 9 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 23 10 heavily heavily RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 23 11 regulated regulate VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 23 12 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 23 13 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 23 14 particular particular JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 23 15 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 23 16 public public JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 23 17 buyer buyer NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 23 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 23 19 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 23 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 23 21 discretion discretion NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 23 22 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 23 23 awarding award VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 23 24 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 23 25 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 23 26 contract contract NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 23 27 management management NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 23 28 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 23 29 restricted restrict VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 23 30 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 23 31 determined determine VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 23 32 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 23 33 law law NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 23 34 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 24 1 Accordingly accordingly RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 24 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 24 3 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 24 4 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 24 5 involves involve VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 24 6 coping cope VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 24 7 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 24 8 regulated regulate VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 24 9 business business NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 24 10 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 24 11 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 24 12 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 24 13 government government NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 24 14 procedures procedure NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 24 15 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 24 16 often often RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 24 17 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 24 18 open open JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 24 19 tender tender NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 24 20 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 24 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 24 22 Lian Lian NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 24 23 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 24 24 Laing Laing NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 24 25 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 24 26 2004 2004 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 24 27 ; ; : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 24 28 Spagnolo Spagnolo NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 24 29 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 24 30 2012 2012 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 24 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 24 32 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 25 1 In in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 25 2 Italy Italy NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 25 3 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 25 4 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 25 5 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 25 6 many many JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 25 7 other other JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 25 8 national national JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 25 9 health health NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 25 10 systems system NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 25 11 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 25 12 Europe Europe NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 25 13 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 25 14 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 25 15 procurement procurement NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 25 16 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 25 17 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 25 18 technologies technology NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 25 19 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 25 20 managed manage VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 25 21 at at IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 25 22 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 25 23 local local JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 25 24 level level NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 25 25 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 26 1 Occasionally occasionally RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 26 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 26 3 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 26 4 national national JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 26 5 press press NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 26 6 has have VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 26 7 reported report VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 26 8 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 26 9 differences difference NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 26 10 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 26 11 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 26 12 same same JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 26 13 standard standard JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 26 14 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 26 15 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 26 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 26 17 e.g. e.g. IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 26 18 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 26 19 simple simple JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 26 20 syringe syringe NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 26 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 26 22 paid pay VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 26 23 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 26 24 different different JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 26 25 PBs pb NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 26 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 26 27 public public JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 26 28 hospitals hospital NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 26 29 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 26 30 healthcare healthcare NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 26 31 units unit NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 26 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 26 33 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 27 1 3 3 LS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 1 In in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 2 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 3 period period NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 4 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 5 tight tight JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 6 public public JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 7 budgets budget NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 8 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 9 this this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 10 evidence evidence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 11 has have VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 12 fuelled fuel VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 13 an an DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 14 extensive extensive JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 15 public public JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 16 debate debate NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 17 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 18 -in -in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 19 2012 2012 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 20 -led -le VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 21 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 22 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 23 introduction introduction NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 24 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 25 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 26 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 27 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 28 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 29 policy policy NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 30 imposing impose VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 31 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 32 cap cap NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 33 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 34 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 35 unit unit NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 36 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 37 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 38 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 39 standard standard JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 40 1 1 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 41 Entry entry NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 42 regulations regulation NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 43 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 44 quality quality NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 45 information information NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 46 requirements requirement NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 47 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 48 new new JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 49 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 50 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 51 play play VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 52 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 53 key key JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 54 role role NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 55 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 56 this this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 57 process process NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 28 58 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 29 1 Grennan Grennan NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 29 2 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 29 3 Town Town NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 29 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 29 5 2020 2020 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 29 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 29 7 exploit exploit VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 29 8 differences difference NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 29 9 between between IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 29 10 US US NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 29 11 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 29 12 EU EU NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 29 13 regulations regulation NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 29 14 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 29 15 testing test VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 29 16 new new JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 29 17 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 29 18 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 29 19 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 29 20 address address VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 29 21 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 29 22 trade trade NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 29 23 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 29 24 offs off NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 29 25 arising arise VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 29 26 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 29 27 more more RBR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 29 28 frequent frequent JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 29 29 testing testing NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 29 30 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 29 31 which which WDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 29 32 can can MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 29 33 overcome overcome VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 29 34 consumer consumer NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 29 35 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 29 36 about about IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 29 37 product product NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 29 38 efficacy efficacy NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 29 39 but but CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 29 40 increases increase VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 29 41 entry entry NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 29 42 costs cost NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 29 43 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 29 44 delays delay NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 29 45 product product NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 29 46 launches launch NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 29 47 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 30 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 30 2 empirical empirical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 30 3 results result NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 30 4 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 30 5 stents stent NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 30 6 show show VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 30 7 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 30 8 US US NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 30 9 regulation regulation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 30 10 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 30 11 close close JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 30 12 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 30 13 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 30 14 optimal optimal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 30 15 policy policy NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 30 16 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 30 17 terms term NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 30 18 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 30 19 trading trading NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 30 20 off off RP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 30 21 testing testing NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 30 22 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 30 23 access access NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 30 24 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 30 25 innovation innovation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 30 26 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 30 27 while while IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 30 28 EU EU NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 30 29 regulation regulation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 30 30 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 30 31 too too RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 30 32 lax lax JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 30 33 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 31 1 2 2 LS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 31 2 Estimation estimation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 31 3 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 31 4 market market NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 31 5 values value NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 31 6 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 31 7 information information NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 31 8 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 31 9 patents patent NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 31 10 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 31 11 Med Med NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 31 12 Tech Tech NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 31 13 Europe Europe NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 31 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 31 15 2019 2019 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 31 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 31 17 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 32 1 3 3 LS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 33 1 See see VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 33 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 33 3 amongst amongst IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 33 4 others other NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 33 5 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 34 1 P. P. NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 34 2 Russo Russo NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 34 3 ' ' `` cord-255762-qd6fht8y 34 4 Garze Garze NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 34 5 e e NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 34 6 siringhe siringhe NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 34 7 d'oro d'oro NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 34 8 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 35 1 le le NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 35 2 spese spese NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 35 3 pazze pazze NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 35 4 delle delle FW cord-255762-qd6fht8y 35 5 ASL ASL NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 35 6 ' ' '' cord-255762-qd6fht8y 35 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 35 8 Bandages bandage NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 35 9 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 35 10 syringes syrinx NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 35 11 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 35 12 gold gold NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 35 13 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 35 14 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 35 15 berserk berserk JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 35 16 expenditure expenditure NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 35 17 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 35 18 Italian italian JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 35 19 local local JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 35 20 health health NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 35 21 agencies agency NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 35 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 35 23 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 35 24 La La NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 35 25 Stampa Stampa NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 35 26 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 35 27 July July NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 35 28 3 3 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 35 29 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 35 30 2012 2012 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 35 31 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 36 1 Greater great JJR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 36 2 attention attention NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 36 3 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 36 4 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 36 5 differences difference NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 36 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 36 7 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 36 8 corruption corruption NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 36 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 36 10 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 36 11 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 36 12 purchase purchase NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 36 13 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 36 14 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 36 15 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 36 16 has have VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 36 17 been be VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 36 18 paid pay VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 36 19 during during IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 36 20 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 36 21 recent recent JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 36 22 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 36 23 pandemic pandemic NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 36 24 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 37 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 37 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 37 3 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 37 4 public public JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 37 5 healthcare healthcare NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 37 6 system system NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 37 7 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 37 8 Italy Italy NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 37 9 has have VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 37 10 faced face VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 37 11 severe severe JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 37 12 challenges challenge NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 37 13 regarding regard VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 37 14 procurement procurement NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 37 15 strategies strategy NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 37 16 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 37 17 masks mask NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 37 18 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 37 19 hand hand NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 37 20 sanitizers sanitizer NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 37 21 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 37 22 ECMOs ecmo NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 37 23 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 37 24 etc etc FW cord-255762-qd6fht8y 37 25 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 38 1 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 38 2 speed speed NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 38 3 having have VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 38 4 been be VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 38 5 prioritised prioritise VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 38 6 over over IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 38 7 transparency transparency NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 38 8 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 38 9 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 38 10 competitive competitive JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 38 11 bidding bidding NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 38 12 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 38 13 other other JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 38 14 safeguards safeguard NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 38 15 dropped drop VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 38 16 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 38 17 keep keep VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 38 18 pace pace NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 38 19 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 38 20 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 38 21 pandemic pandemic NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 38 22 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 39 1 As as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 39 2 reported report VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 39 3 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 39 4 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 39 5 international international JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 39 6 press press NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 39 7 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 39 8 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 39 9 same same JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 39 10 has have VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 39 11 occurred occur VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 39 12 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 39 13 many many JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 39 14 other other JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 39 15 countries country NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 39 16 affected affect VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 39 17 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 39 18 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 39 19 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 39 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 39 21 see see VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 39 22 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 39 23 A. A. NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 39 24 Faiola Faiola NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 39 25 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 39 26 A.V. A.V. NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 39 27 Herrero Herrero NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 39 28 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 39 29 ' ' '' cord-255762-qd6fht8y 39 30 A a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 39 31 pandemic pandemic NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 39 32 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 39 33 corruption corruption NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 39 34 ' ' '' cord-255762-qd6fht8y 39 35 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 39 36 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 39 37 Washington Washington NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 39 38 Post Post NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 39 39 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 39 40 April April NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 39 41 26 26 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 39 42 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 39 43 2020 2020 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 39 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 39 45 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 40 1 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 40 2 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 40 3 procured procure VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 40 4 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 40 5 tender tender NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 40 6 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 41 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 41 2 aim aim NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 41 3 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 41 4 this this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 41 5 policy policy NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 41 6 was be VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 41 7 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 41 8 limit limit VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 41 9 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 41 10 discretion discretion NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 41 11 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 41 12 an an DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 41 13 attempt attempt NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 41 14 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 41 15 reduce reduce VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 41 16 public public JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 41 17 procurement procurement NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 41 18 expenditure expenditure NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 41 19 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 42 1 Reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 42 2 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 42 3 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 42 4 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 42 5 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 42 6 were be VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 42 7 applied apply VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 42 8 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 42 9 July July NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 42 10 1 1 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 42 11 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 42 12 2012 2012 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 42 13 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 42 14 May May NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 42 15 2 2 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 42 16 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 42 17 2013 2013 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 42 18 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 42 19 were be VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 42 20 then then RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 42 21 scrapped scrap VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 42 22 after after IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 42 23 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 42 24 ruling ruling NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 42 25 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 42 26 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 42 27 Administrative Administrative NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 42 28 Court Court NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 42 29 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 42 30 Rome Rome NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 42 31 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 43 1 This this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 43 2 provides provide VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 43 3 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 43 4 quasi quasi JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 43 5 - - JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 43 6 natural natural JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 43 7 experimental experimental JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 43 8 setting setting NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 43 9 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 43 10 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 43 11 clean clean JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 43 12 test test NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 43 13 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 43 14 how how WRB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 43 15 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 43 16 discretion discretion NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 43 17 affects affect VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 43 18 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 43 19 procurement procurement NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 43 20 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 43 21 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 43 22 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 43 23 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 44 1 Based base VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 44 2 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 44 3 procurement procurement NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 44 4 data datum NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 44 5 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 44 6 4 4 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 44 7 this this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 44 8 paper paper NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 44 9 initially initially RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 44 10 estimates estimate VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 44 11 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 44 12 net net JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 44 13 contribution contribution NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 44 14 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 44 15 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 44 16 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 44 17 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 44 18 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 44 19 variability variability NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 44 20 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 44 21 then then RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 44 22 assesses assess VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 44 23 how how WRB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 44 24 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 44 25 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 44 26 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 44 27 which which WDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 44 28 reduce reduce VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 44 29 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 44 30 discretion discretion NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 44 31 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 44 32 interact interact VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 44 33 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 44 34 that that DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 44 35 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 44 36 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 45 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 45 2 analysis analysis NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 45 3 was be VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 45 4 run run VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 45 5 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 45 6 an an DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 45 7 original original JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 45 8 Italian italian JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 45 9 dataset dataset NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 45 10 including include VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 45 11 76 76 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 45 12 classes class NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 45 13 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 45 14 standard standard JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 45 15 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 45 16 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 45 17 sold sell VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 45 18 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 45 19 131 131 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 45 20 local local JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 45 21 PBs pb NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 45 22 between between IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 45 23 January January NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 45 24 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 45 25 December December NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 45 26 2013 2013 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 45 27 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 2 empirical empirical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 3 approach approach NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 4 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 5 based base VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 6 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 7 two two CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 8 important important JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 9 features feature NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 10 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 11 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 12 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 13 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 14 investigated investigate VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 15 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 16 i i LS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 18 they -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 19 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 20 standardised standardised JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 21 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 22 relatively relatively RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 23 cheap cheap JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 24 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 25 so so IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 26 renegotiations renegotiation NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 27 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 28 rare rare JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 29 ; ; : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 30 ii ii LS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 32 they -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 33 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 34 grouped group VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 35 into into IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 36 classes class NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 37 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 38 functionally functionally RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 39 homogeneous homogeneous JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 40 products product NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 42 i.e. i.e. FW cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 43 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 44 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 45 class class NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 46 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 47 quality quality NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 48 differentiation differentiation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 49 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 50 not not RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 51 an an DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 52 issue issue NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 46 54 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 47 1 Given give VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 47 2 these these DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 47 3 features feature NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 47 4 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 47 5 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 47 6 semiparametric semiparametric JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 47 7 approach approach NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 47 8 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 47 9 adopted adopt VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 47 10 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 47 11 inspired inspire VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 47 12 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 47 13 Guerre Guerre NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 47 14 et et NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 47 15 al al NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 47 16 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 48 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 48 2 2000 2000 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 48 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 48 4 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 48 5 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 48 6 recover recover VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 48 7 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 48 8 marginal marginal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 48 9 cost cost NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 48 10 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 48 11 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 48 12 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 48 13 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 49 1 Using use VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 49 2 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 49 3 official official JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 49 4 classification classification NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 49 5 provided provide VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 49 6 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 49 7 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 49 8 Italian italian JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 49 9 technical technical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 49 10 advisor advisor NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 49 11 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 49 12 health health NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 49 13 policies policy NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 49 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 49 15 AGENAS AGENAS NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 49 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 49 17 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 49 18 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 49 19 group group VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 49 20 functionally functionally RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 49 21 homogeneous homogeneous JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 49 22 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 49 23 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 49 24 into into IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 49 25 classes class NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 49 26 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 49 27 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 49 28 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 49 29 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 49 30 class class NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 49 31 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 49 32 establish establish VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 49 33 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 49 34 benchmark benchmark JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 49 35 marginal marginal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 49 36 cost cost NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 49 37 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 50 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 50 2 then then RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 50 3 show show VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 50 4 empirically empirically RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 50 5 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 50 6 most most JJS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 50 7 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 50 8 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 50 9 discrepancy discrepancy NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 50 10 between between IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 50 11 purchasing purchase VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 50 12 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 50 13 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 50 14 estimated estimate VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 50 15 costs cost NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 50 16 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 50 17 related relate VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 50 18 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 50 19 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 50 20 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 50 21 fixed fix VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 50 22 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 50 23 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 51 1 This this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 51 2 way way NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 51 3 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 51 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 51 5 infer infer VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 51 6 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 51 7 proxy proxy NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 51 8 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 51 9 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 51 10 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 51 11 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 51 12 managing manage VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 51 13 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 51 14 purchase purchase NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 51 15 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 52 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 52 2 main main JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 52 3 estimate estimate NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 52 4 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 52 5 repeated repeat VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 52 6 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 52 7 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 52 8 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 52 9 spirit spirit NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 52 10 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 52 11 Best Best NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 52 12 et et FW cord-255762-qd6fht8y 52 13 al al NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 52 14 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 53 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 53 2 2017 2017 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 53 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 53 4 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 53 5 using use VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 53 6 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 53 7 fixed fix VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 53 8 effects effect NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 53 9 rather rather RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 53 10 than than IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 53 11 marginal marginal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 53 12 costs cost NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 53 13 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 53 14 obtaining obtain VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 53 15 similar similar JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 53 16 results result NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 53 17 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 54 1 Hence hence RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 54 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 54 3 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 54 4 findings finding NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 54 5 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 54 6 not not RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 54 7 specific specific JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 54 8 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 54 9 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 54 10 structural structural JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 54 11 approach approach NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 54 12 used use VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 54 13 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 54 14 infer infer VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 54 15 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 54 16 marginal marginal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 54 17 cost cost NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 54 18 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 54 19 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 54 20 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 54 21 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 55 1 As as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 55 2 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 55 3 further further JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 55 4 step step NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 55 5 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 55 6 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 55 7 analysis analysis NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 55 8 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 55 9 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 55 10 determining determine VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 55 11 factors factor NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 55 12 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 55 13 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 55 14 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 55 15 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 55 16 investigated investigate VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 55 17 based base VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 55 18 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 55 19 balance balance NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 55 20 sheet sheet NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 55 21 data datum NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 55 22 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 55 23 local local JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 55 24 public public JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 55 25 hospitals hospital NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 55 26 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 55 27 healthcare healthcare NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 55 28 units unit NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 55 29 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 56 1 Finally finally RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 56 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 56 3 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 56 4 exogenous exogenous JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 56 5 termination termination NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 56 6 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 56 7 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 56 8 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 56 9 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 56 10 policy policy NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 56 11 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 56 12 used use VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 56 13 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 56 14 identify identify VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 56 15 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 56 16 impact impact NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 56 17 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 56 18 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 56 19 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 56 20 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 56 21 PBs PBs NNPS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 56 22 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 57 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 57 2 main main JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 57 3 findings finding NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 57 4 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 57 5 summarised summarise VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 57 6 below below RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 57 7 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 58 1 First first RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 58 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 58 3 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 58 4 average average JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 58 5 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 58 6 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 58 7 standard standard JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 58 8 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 58 9 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 58 10 paid pay VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 58 11 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 58 12 Italian italian JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 58 13 local local JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 58 14 public public JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 58 15 hospitals hospital NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 58 16 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 58 17 healthcare healthcare NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 58 18 units unit NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 58 19 vary vary VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 58 20 substantially substantially RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 58 21 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 59 1 Second second RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 59 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 59 3 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 59 4 differences difference NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 59 5 between between IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 59 6 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 59 7 purchase purchase NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 59 8 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 59 9 can can MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 59 10 be be VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 59 11 explained explain VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 59 12 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 59 13 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 59 14 fixed fix VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 59 15 effects effect NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 59 16 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 59 17 which which WDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 59 18 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 59 19 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 59 20 turn turn NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 59 21 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 59 22 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 59 23 related relate VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 59 24 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 59 25 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 59 26 size size NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 59 27 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 59 28 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 59 29 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 59 30 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 59 31 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 59 32 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 60 1 Specifically specifically RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 60 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 60 3 size size NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 60 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 60 5 measured measure VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 60 6 either either CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 60 7 via via IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 60 8 overall overall JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 60 9 personnel personnel NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 60 10 costs cost NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 60 11 or or CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 60 12 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 60 13 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 60 14 procurement procurement NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 60 15 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 60 16 health health NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 60 17 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 60 18 related relate VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 60 19 materials material NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 60 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 60 21 has have VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 60 22 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 60 23 generally generally RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 60 24 positive positive JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 60 25 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 60 26 significant significant JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 60 27 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 60 28 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 60 29 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 60 30 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 60 31 managing manage VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 60 32 procurement procurement NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 60 33 efficiently efficiently RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 60 34 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 61 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 61 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 61 3 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 61 4 ratio ratio NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 61 5 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 61 6 non non JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 61 7 - - JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 61 8 health health JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 61 9 personnel personnel NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 61 10 over over IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 61 11 total total JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 61 12 personnel personnel NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 61 13 costs cost NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 61 14 drives drive VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 61 15 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 61 16 overall overall JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 61 17 positive positive JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 61 18 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 61 19 significant significant JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 61 20 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 61 21 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 61 22 size size NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 61 23 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 61 24 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 61 25 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 61 26 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 62 1 By by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 62 2 contrast contrast NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 62 3 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 62 4 once once RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 62 5 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 62 6 size size NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 62 7 has have VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 62 8 been be VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 62 9 accounted account VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 62 10 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 62 11 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 62 12 overall overall JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 62 13 procurement procurement NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 62 14 expenses expense NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 62 15 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 62 16 health health NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 62 17 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 62 18 related relate VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 62 19 goods good NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 62 20 push push VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 62 21 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 62 22 down down RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 62 23 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 62 24 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 62 25 line line NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 62 26 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 62 27 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 62 28 definition definition NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 62 29 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 62 30 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 62 31 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 62 32 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 62 33 adopted adopt VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 62 34 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 62 35 this this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 62 36 paper paper NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 62 37 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 63 1 Regarding regard VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 63 2 organizational organizational JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 63 3 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 63 4 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 63 5 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 63 6 results result NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 63 7 indicate indicate VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 63 8 significant significant JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 63 9 differences difference NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 63 10 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 63 11 purchasing purchase VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 63 12 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 63 13 technology technology NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 63 14 between between IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 63 15 local local JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 63 16 public public JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 63 17 healthcare healthcare NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 63 18 units unit NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 63 19 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 63 20 hospitals hospital NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 63 21 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 63 22 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 63 23 higher high JJR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 63 24 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 63 25 paid pay VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 63 26 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 63 27 standard standard JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 63 28 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 63 29 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 63 30 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 63 31 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 63 32 former former JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 63 33 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 64 1 Comparing compare VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 64 2 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 64 3 period period NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 64 4 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 64 5 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 64 6 pricing pricing NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 64 7 during during IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 64 8 which which WDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 64 9 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 64 10 discretion discretion NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 64 11 was be VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 64 12 restricted restrict VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 64 13 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 64 14 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 64 15 period period NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 64 16 after after IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 64 17 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 64 18 removal removal NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 64 19 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 64 20 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 64 21 pricing pricing NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 64 22 suggests suggest VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 64 23 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 64 24 this this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 64 25 policy policy NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 64 26 reduced reduce VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 64 27 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 64 28 dispersion dispersion NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 64 29 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 64 30 but but CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 64 31 had have VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 64 32 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 64 33 non non JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 64 34 - - JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 64 35 linear linear JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 64 36 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 64 37 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 64 38 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 64 39 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 64 40 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 64 41 purchase purchase VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 64 42 efficiently efficiently RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 64 43 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 65 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 65 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 65 3 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 65 4 pricing pricing NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 65 5 increased increase VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 65 6 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 65 7 average average JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 65 8 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 65 9 paid pay VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 65 10 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 65 11 highly highly RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 65 12 competent competent JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 65 13 PBs pb NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 65 14 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 65 15 reduced reduce VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 65 16 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 65 17 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 65 18 paid pay VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 65 19 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 65 20 PBs pb NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 65 21 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 65 22 lower low JJR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 65 23 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 65 24 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 66 1 When when WRB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 66 2 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 66 3 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 66 4 were be VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 66 5 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 66 6 force force NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 66 7 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 66 8 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 66 9 main main JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 66 10 determinants determinant NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 66 11 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 66 12 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 66 13 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 66 14 decreased decrease VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 66 15 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 66 16 magnitude magnitude NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 66 17 or or CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 66 18 lost lose VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 66 19 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 66 20 overall overall JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 66 21 significance significance NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 66 22 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 66 23 reducing reduce VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 66 24 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 66 25 disparity disparity NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 66 26 between between IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 66 27 PBs PBs NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 66 28 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 66 29 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 66 30 observations observation NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 66 31 moving move VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 66 32 towards towards IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 66 33 an an DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 66 34 average average JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 66 35 value value NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 66 36 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 67 1 In in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 67 2 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 67 3 period period NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 67 4 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 67 5 which which WDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 67 6 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 67 7 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 67 8 many many JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 67 9 countries country NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 67 10 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 67 11 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 67 12 policies policy NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 67 13 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 67 14 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 67 15 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 67 16 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 67 17 often often RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 67 18 set set VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 67 19 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 67 20 improve improve VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 67 21 procurement procurement NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 67 22 efficiency efficiency NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 67 23 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 67 24 such such PDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 67 25 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 67 26 non non JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 67 27 - - JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 67 28 linear linear JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 67 29 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 67 30 calls call VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 67 31 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 67 32 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 67 33 careful careful JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 67 34 adoption adoption NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 67 35 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 67 36 measures measure NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 67 37 that that WDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 67 38 evenly evenly RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 67 39 affect affect VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 67 40 PBs pb NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 67 41 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 67 42 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 67 43 healthcare healthcare NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 67 44 system system NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 67 45 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 67 46 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 67 47 discretion discretion NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 67 48 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 67 49 managing manage VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 67 50 purchasing purchasing NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 67 51 procedures procedure NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 67 52 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 68 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 68 2 study study NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 68 3 contributes contribute VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 68 4 mainly mainly RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 68 5 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 68 6 three three CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 68 7 strands strand NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 68 8 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 68 9 economic economic JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 68 10 literature literature NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 68 11 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 69 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 69 2 first first JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 69 3 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 69 4 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 69 5 empirical empirical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 69 6 literature literature NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 69 7 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 69 8 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 69 9 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 69 10 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 69 11 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 69 12 discretion discretion NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 69 13 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 69 14 purchasing purchase VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 69 15 activities activity NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 69 16 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 70 1 Di Di NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 70 2 Tella Tella NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 70 3 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 70 4 Schargrodsky Schargrodsky NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 70 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 70 6 2003 2003 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 70 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 70 8 investigate investigate VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 70 9 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 70 10 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 70 11 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 70 12 standard standard JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 70 13 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 70 14 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 70 15 following follow VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 70 16 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 70 17 introduction introduction NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 70 18 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 70 19 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 70 20 strict strict JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 70 21 monitoring monitoring NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 70 22 policy policy NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 70 23 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 70 24 hospital hospital NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 70 25 purchases purchase NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 70 26 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 70 27 Buenos Buenos NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 70 28 Aires Aires NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 70 29 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 71 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 71 2 estimate estimate VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 71 3 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 71 4 10 10 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 71 5 % % NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 71 6 reduction reduction NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 71 7 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 71 8 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 71 9 average average JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 71 10 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 71 11 paid pay VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 71 12 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 71 13 hospitals hospital NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 71 14 because because IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 71 15 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 71 16 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 71 17 crackdown crackdown NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 71 18 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 72 1 5 5 LS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 73 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 73 2 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 73 3 these these DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 73 4 authors author NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 73 5 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 73 6 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 73 7 investigate investigate VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 73 8 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 73 9 effects effect NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 73 10 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 73 11 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 73 12 policy policy NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 73 13 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 73 14 reduce reduce VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 73 15 public public JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 73 16 procurement procurement NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 73 17 expenditure expenditure NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 73 18 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 73 19 standard standard JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 73 20 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 73 21 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 73 22 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 1 By by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 2 exploiting exploit VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 3 exogenous exogenous JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 4 changes change NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 5 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 6 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 7 size size NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 9 i.e. i.e. FW cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 10 threshold threshold NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 11 value value NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 13 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 14 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 15 public public NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 16 works work VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 17 tenders tender NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 18 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 19 which which WDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 20 PBs pb NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 21 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 22 granted grant VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 23 larger large JJR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 24 degrees degree NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 25 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 26 discretion discretion NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 27 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 28 managing manage VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 29 procedures procedure NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 30 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 31 recent recent JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 32 studies study NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 33 have have VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 34 focussed focusse VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 35 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 36 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 37 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 38 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 39 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 40 discretion discretion NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 41 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 42 procurement procurement NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 43 performance performance NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 45 Palguta Palguta NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 46 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 47 Pertold Pertold NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 48 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 49 2017 2017 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 50 ; ; : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 51 Baltrunaite Baltrunaite NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 52 et et NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 53 al al NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 54 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 55 2018 2018 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 56 ; ; : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 57 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 74 58 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 75 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 75 2 work work NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 75 3 differs differ VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 75 4 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 75 5 these these DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 75 6 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 75 7 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 75 8 empirical empirical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 75 9 strategy strategy NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 75 10 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 75 11 able able JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 75 12 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 75 13 isolate isolate VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 75 14 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 75 15 net net JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 75 16 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 75 17 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 75 18 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 75 19 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 75 20 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 75 21 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 75 22 discretion discretion NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 75 23 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 75 24 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 75 25 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 75 26 turn turn NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 75 27 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 75 28 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 75 29 public public JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 75 30 expenditure expenditure NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 75 31 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 76 1 Second second RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 76 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 76 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 76 4 add add VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 76 5 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 76 6 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 76 7 literature literature NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 76 8 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 76 9 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 76 10 role role NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 76 11 played play VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 76 12 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 76 13 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 76 14 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 76 15 6 6 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 76 16 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 76 17 purchase purchase VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 76 18 goods good NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 76 19 or or CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 76 20 services service NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 76 21 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 76 22 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 76 23 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 76 24 related relate VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 76 25 regulation regulation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 76 26 policies policy NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 76 27 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 77 1 By by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 77 2 investigating investigate VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 77 3 procurement procurement NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 77 4 performance performance NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 77 5 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 77 6 related relate VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 77 7 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 77 8 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 77 9 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 77 10 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 77 11 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 77 12 public public JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 77 13 workforce workforce NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 77 14 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 77 15 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 77 16 recent recent JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 77 17 work work NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 77 18 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 77 19 Decarolis Decarolis NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 77 20 et et FW cord-255762-qd6fht8y 77 21 al al NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 77 22 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 78 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 78 2 2018 2018 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 78 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 78 4 empirically empirically RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 78 5 assesses assess VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 78 6 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 78 7 causal causal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 78 8 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 78 9 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 78 10 US US NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 78 11 bureaus bureaus NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 78 12 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 79 1 Using use VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 79 2 an an DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 79 3 instrumental instrumental JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 79 4 variable variable JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 79 5 strategy strategy NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 79 6 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 79 7 combining combine VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 79 8 data datum NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 79 9 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 79 10 office office NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 79 11 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 79 12 level level NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 79 13 competencies competency NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 79 14 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 79 15 procurement procurement NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 79 16 performance performance NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 79 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 79 18 i.e. i.e. FW cord-255762-qd6fht8y 79 19 cost cost NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 79 20 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 79 21 time time NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 79 22 overruns overrun NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 79 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 79 24 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 79 25 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 79 26 authors author NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 79 27 find find VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 79 28 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 79 29 cooperation cooperation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 79 30 within within IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 79 31 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 79 32 office office NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 79 33 matters matter VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 79 34 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 79 35 most most JJS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 79 36 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 79 37 improve improve VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 79 38 outcomes outcome NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 79 39 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 80 1 Considering consider VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 80 2 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 80 3 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 80 4 paid pay VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 80 5 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 80 6 standardised standardised JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 80 7 goods good NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 80 8 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 80 9 services service NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 80 10 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 80 11 different different JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 80 12 classes class NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 80 13 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 80 14 Italian italian JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 80 15 PBs pb NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 80 16 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 80 17 Bandiera Bandiera NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 80 18 et et NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 80 19 al al NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 80 20 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 81 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 81 2 2009 2009 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 81 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 81 4 find find VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 81 5 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 81 6 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 81 7 expenditure expenditure NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 81 8 would would MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 81 9 be be VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 81 10 reduced reduce VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 81 11 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 81 12 21 21 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 81 13 % % NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 81 14 -corresponding -corresponding NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 81 15 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 81 16 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 81 17 saving saving NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 81 18 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 81 19 between between IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 81 20 1.6 1.6 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 81 21 % % NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 81 22 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 81 23 2.1 2.1 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 81 24 % % NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 81 25 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 81 26 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 81 27 Italian italian JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 81 28 GDP GDP NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 81 29 -if -if ADD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 82 1 all all DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 82 2 PBs PBs NNPS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 82 3 paid pay VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 82 4 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 82 5 same same JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 82 6 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 82 7 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 82 8 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 82 9 PBs PBs NNPS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 82 10 at at IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 82 11 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 82 12 tenth tenth JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 82 13 percentile percentile NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 82 14 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 83 1 These these DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 83 2 authors author NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 83 3 also also RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 83 4 found find VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 83 5 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 83 6 at at RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 83 7 least least RBS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 83 8 82 82 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 83 9 % % NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 83 10 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 83 11 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 83 12 estimated estimate VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 83 13 waste waste NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 83 14 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 83 15 related relate VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 83 16 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 83 17 bureaucratic bureaucratic JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 83 18 inefficiency inefficiency NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 83 19 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 84 1 Using use VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 84 2 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 84 3 large large JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 84 4 dataset dataset NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 84 5 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 84 6 Russian russian JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 84 7 procurement procurement NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 84 8 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 84 9 2011 2011 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 84 10 - - SYM cord-255762-qd6fht8y 84 11 2015 2015 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 84 12 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 84 13 Best Best NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 84 14 et et NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 84 15 al al NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 84 16 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 85 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 85 2 2017 2017 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 85 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 85 4 estimated estimate VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 85 5 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 85 6 60 60 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 85 7 % % NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 85 8 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 85 9 within within IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 85 10 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 85 11 product product NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 85 12 purchase purchase NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 85 13 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 85 14 variation variation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 85 15 over over IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 85 16 16 16 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 85 17 million million CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 85 18 purchases purchase NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 85 19 was be VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 85 20 due due JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 85 21 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 85 22 bureaucratic bureaucratic JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 85 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 85 24 in)competence in)competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 85 25 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 86 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 86 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 86 3 investigating investigate VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 86 4 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 86 5 specific specific JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 86 6 procurement procurement NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 86 7 policy policy NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 86 8 which which WDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 86 9 sets set VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 86 10 preferences preference NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 86 11 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 86 12 domestic domestic JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 86 13 firms firm NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 86 14 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 86 15 these these DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 86 16 authors author NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 86 17 show show VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 86 18 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 86 19 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 86 20 optimal optimal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 86 21 design design NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 86 22 depends depend VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 86 23 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 86 24 how how WRB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 86 25 effective effective JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 86 26 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 86 27 purchasers purchaser NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 86 28 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 86 29 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 86 30 implementing implement VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 86 31 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 86 32 policy policy NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 86 33 itself -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 86 34 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 87 1 To to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 87 2 these these DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 87 3 studies study NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 87 4 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 87 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 87 6 add add VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 87 7 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 87 8 novel novel JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 87 9 approach approach NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 87 10 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 87 11 measuring measure VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 87 12 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 87 13 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 87 14 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 87 15 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 87 16 effects effect NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 87 17 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 87 18 managing manage VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 87 19 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 87 20 procurement procurement NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 87 21 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 87 22 standard standard JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 87 23 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 87 24 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 87 25 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 87 26 healthcare healthcare NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 87 27 sector sector NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 87 28 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 1 Finally finally RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 4 contribute contribute VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 5 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 6 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 7 literature literature NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 8 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 9 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 10 technology technology NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 11 procurement procurement NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 13 Laing Laing NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 14 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 15 Lian Lian NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 16 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 17 2004 2004 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 18 ; ; : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 19 Sorenson Sorenson NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 20 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 21 Kanavos Kanavos NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 22 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 23 2011 2011 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 24 ; ; : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 25 Grennan Grennan NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 26 2013 2013 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 27 Grennan Grennan NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 28 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 29 2014 2014 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 30 Kastanioti Kastanioti NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 31 et et NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 32 al al NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 33 . . NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 34 2013 2013 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 35 ; ; : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 36 Grennan Grennan NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 37 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 38 Swanson Swanson NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 39 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 40 2014 2014 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 41 ; ; : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 42 den den NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 43 Ambtman Ambtman NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 44 et et NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 45 al al NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 46 . . NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 47 2020 2020 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 49 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 50 focusing focus VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 51 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 52 standard standard JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 53 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 54 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 55 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 56 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 57 determinants determinant NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 58 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 59 purchasers purchaser NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 60 ' ' POS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 61 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 62 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 63 managing manage VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 64 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 65 highly highly RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 66 regulated regulate VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 67 process process NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 68 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 69 partly partly RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 70 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 71 investigating investigate VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 72 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 73 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 74 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 75 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 76 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 77 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 78 regime regime NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 88 79 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 89 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 89 2 remainder remainder NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 89 3 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 89 4 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 89 5 paper paper NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 89 6 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 89 7 organised organise VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 89 8 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 89 9 follows follow VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 89 10 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 90 1 Section section NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 90 2 2 2 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 90 3 describes describe VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 90 4 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 90 5 institutional institutional JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 90 6 setting setting NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 90 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 90 8 2.1 2.1 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 90 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 90 10 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 90 11 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 90 12 dataset dataset NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 90 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 90 14 2.2 2.2 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 90 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 90 16 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 90 17 presenting present VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 90 18 some some DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 90 19 preliminary preliminary JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 90 20 evidence evidence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 90 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 90 22 2.3 2.3 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 90 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 90 24 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 91 1 Section section NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 91 2 3 3 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 91 3 illustrates illustrate VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 91 4 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 91 5 theoretical theoretical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 91 6 structural structural JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 91 7 framework framework NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 91 8 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 91 9 introducing introduce VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 91 10 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 91 11 definition definition NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 91 12 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 91 13 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 91 14 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 91 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 91 16 3.1 3.1 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 91 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 91 18 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 91 19 showing show VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 91 20 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 91 21 marginal marginal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 91 22 cost cost NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 91 23 estimate estimate NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 91 24 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 91 25 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 91 26 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 91 27 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 91 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 91 29 3.2 3.2 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 91 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 91 31 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 92 1 Section section NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 92 2 4 4 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 92 3 estimates estimate VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 92 4 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 92 5 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 92 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 92 7 4.1 4.1 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 92 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 92 9 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 92 10 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 92 11 determinants determinant NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 92 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 92 13 4.2 4.2 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 92 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 92 15 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 93 1 Section section NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 93 2 5 5 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 93 3 replicates replicate VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 93 4 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 93 5 analysis analysis NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 93 6 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 93 7 exploiting exploit VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 93 8 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 93 9 event event NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 93 10 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 93 11 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 93 12 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 93 13 termination termination NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 93 14 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 93 15 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 93 16 quasinatural quasinatural JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 93 17 experiment experiment NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 93 18 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 94 1 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 94 2 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 94 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 94 4 5.1 5.1 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 94 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 94 6 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 94 7 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 94 8 determinants determinant NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 94 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 94 10 5.2 5.2 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 94 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 94 12 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 94 13 compared compare VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 94 14 before before IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 94 15 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 94 16 after after IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 94 17 this this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 94 18 event event NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 94 19 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 95 1 Finally finally RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 95 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 95 3 Section section NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 95 4 6 6 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 95 5 concludes conclude VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 95 6 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 95 7 summarising summarise VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 95 8 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 95 9 findings finding NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 95 10 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 95 11 providing provide VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 95 12 policy policy NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 95 13 implications implication NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 95 14 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 96 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 96 2 Appendix Appendix NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 96 3 sets set VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 96 4 out out RP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 96 5 details detail NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 96 6 estimation estimation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 96 7 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 96 8 further further JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 96 9 robustness robustness NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 96 10 checks check NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 96 11 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 97 1 2 2 LS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 97 2 Context context NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 97 3 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 97 4 data datum NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 97 5 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 97 6 preliminary preliminary JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 97 7 evidence evidence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 97 8 2.1 2.1 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 97 9 Institutional institutional JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 97 10 setting set VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 97 11 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 97 12 Italian italian JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 97 13 healthcare healthcare NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 97 14 system system NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 97 15 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 97 16 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 97 17 regionally regionally RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 97 18 based base VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 97 19 national national JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 97 20 health health NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 97 21 service service NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 97 22 that that WDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 97 23 provides provide VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 97 24 universal universal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 97 25 coverage coverage NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 97 26 mostly mostly RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 97 27 free free JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 97 28 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 97 29 charge charge NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 97 30 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 98 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 98 2 main main JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 98 3 sources source NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 98 4 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 98 5 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 98 6 funding funding NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 98 7 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 98 8 national national JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 98 9 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 98 10 regional regional JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 98 11 taxes taxis NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 98 12 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 98 13 supplemented supplement VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 98 14 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 98 15 co co NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 98 16 - - NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 98 17 payments payment NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 98 18 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 98 19 pharmaceuticals pharmaceutical NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 98 20 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 98 21 outpatient outpatient NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 98 22 care care NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 98 23 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 99 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 99 2 system system NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 99 3 comprises comprise VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 99 4 three three CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 99 5 levels level NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 99 6 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 99 7 action action NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 99 8 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 99 9 national national JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 99 10 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 99 11 regional regional JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 99 12 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 99 13 local local JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 99 14 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 100 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 100 2 highest high JJS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 100 3 level level NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 100 4 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 100 5 responsible responsible JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 100 6 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 100 7 ensuring ensure VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 100 8 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 100 9 general general JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 100 10 goals goal NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 100 11 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 100 12 fundamental fundamental JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 100 13 principles principle NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 100 14 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 100 15 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 100 16 national national JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 100 17 health health NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 100 18 system system NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 100 19 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 101 1 Regional regional JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 101 2 governments government NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 101 3 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 101 4 responsible responsible JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 101 5 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 101 6 ensuring ensure VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 101 7 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 101 8 delivery delivery NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 101 9 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 101 10 services service NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 101 11 through through IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 101 12 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 101 13 network network NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 101 14 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 101 15 population population NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 101 16 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 101 17 based base VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 101 18 local local JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 101 19 public public JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 101 20 health health NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 101 21 units unit NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 101 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 101 23 Aziende Aziende NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 101 24 Sanitarie Sanitarie NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 101 25 Locali Locali NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 101 26 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 101 27 ASL ASL NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 101 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 101 29 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 101 30 local local JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 101 31 public public JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 101 32 hospitals hospital NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 101 33 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 102 1 7 7 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 103 1 In in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 103 2 Italy Italy NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 103 3 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 103 4 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 103 5 purchasing purchasing NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 103 6 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 103 7 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 103 8 technologies technology NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 103 9 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 103 10 decentralised decentralise VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 103 11 at at IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 103 12 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 103 13 local local JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 103 14 level level NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 103 15 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 104 1 In in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 104 2 2013 2013 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 104 3 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 104 4 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 104 5 year year NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 104 6 covered cover VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 104 7 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 104 8 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 104 9 dataset dataset NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 104 10 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 104 11 approximately approximately RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 104 12 350 350 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 104 13 local local JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 104 14 public public JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 104 15 buyers buyer NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 104 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 104 17 PBs PBs NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 104 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 104 19 had have VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 104 20 procurement procurement NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 104 21 responsibilities responsibility NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 104 22 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 104 23 these these DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 104 24 items item NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 104 25 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 105 1 8 8 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 106 1 According accord VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 106 2 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 106 3 Italian italian JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 106 4 public public JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 106 5 procurement procurement NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 106 6 law law NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 106 7 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 106 8 these these DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 106 9 items item NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 106 10 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 106 11 purchased purchase VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 106 12 through through IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 106 13 public public JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 106 14 tenders tender NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 106 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 106 16 first first JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 106 17 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 106 18 auctions auction NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 106 19 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 106 20 scoring score VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 106 21 rule rule NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 106 22 auctions auction NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 106 23 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 106 24 FPAs fpa NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 106 25 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 106 26 SRAs sra NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 106 27 respectively respectively RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 106 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 106 29 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 106 30 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 106 31 direct direct JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 106 32 negotiation negotiation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 106 33 only only RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 106 34 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 106 35 certain certain JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 106 36 special special JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 106 37 cases case NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 106 38 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 107 1 9 9 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 108 1 To to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 108 2 take take VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 108 3 part part NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 108 4 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 108 5 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 108 6 public public JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 108 7 procurement procurement NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 108 8 tender tender NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 108 9 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 108 10 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 108 11 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 108 12 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 108 13 potential potential JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 108 14 suppliers supplier NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 108 15 must must MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 108 16 meet meet VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 108 17 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 108 18 minimum minimum JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 108 19 set set NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 108 20 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 108 21 common common JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 108 22 requirements requirement NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 109 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 109 2 e.g. e.g. RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 109 3 submit submit VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 109 4 standard standard JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 109 5 tender tender NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 109 6 documents document NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 109 7 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 109 8 meet meet VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 109 9 certain certain JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 109 10 financial financial JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 109 11 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 109 12 technical technical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 109 13 prerequisites prerequisite NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 109 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 109 15 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 110 1 Each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 110 2 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 110 3 uses use VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 110 4 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 110 5 discretion discretion NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 110 6 when when WRB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 110 7 establishing establish VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 110 8 procedures procedure NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 110 9 or or CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 110 10 adding add VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 110 11 further further JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 110 12 requirements requirement NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 110 13 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 111 1 Hence hence RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 111 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 111 3 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 111 4 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 111 5 responsible responsible JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 111 6 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 111 7 purchasing purchase VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 111 8 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 111 9 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 111 10 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 111 11 within within IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 111 12 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 111 13 finite finite JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 111 14 set set NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 111 15 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 111 16 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 111 17 established establish VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 111 18 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 111 19 law law NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 111 20 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 111 21 chooses choose VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 111 22 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 111 23 award award NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 111 24 method method NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 111 25 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 111 26 sets set VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 111 27 sometimes sometimes RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 111 28 costly costly JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 111 29 requirements requirement NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 111 30 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 112 1 In in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 112 2 2012 2012 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 112 3 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 112 4 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 112 5 Italian Italian NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 112 6 Authority Authority NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 112 7 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 112 8 Public Public NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 112 9 Contracts Contracts NNPS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 112 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 112 11 AVCP AVCP NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 112 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 112 13 10 10 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 112 14 was be VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 112 15 asked ask VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 112 16 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 112 17 set set VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 112 18 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 112 19 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 112 20 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 112 21 classes class NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 112 22 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 112 23 functionally functionally RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 112 24 equivalent equivalent JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 112 25 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 112 26 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 112 27 purchased purchase VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 112 28 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 112 29 public public JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 112 30 hospitals hospital NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 112 31 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 112 32 local local JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 112 33 healthcare healthcare NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 112 34 units unit NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 112 35 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 113 1 Each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 113 2 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 113 3 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 113 4 consists consist VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 113 5 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 113 6 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 113 7 cap cap NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 113 8 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 113 9 unit unit NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 113 10 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 113 11 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 113 12 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 113 13 class class NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 113 14 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 113 15 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 113 16 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 113 17 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 114 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 114 2 aim aim NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 114 3 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 114 4 this this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 114 5 policy policy NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 114 6 was be VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 114 7 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 114 8 help help VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 114 9 standardise standardise VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 114 10 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 114 11 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 114 12 paid pay VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 114 13 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 114 14 very very RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 114 15 similar similar JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 114 16 items item NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 114 17 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 114 18 different different JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 114 19 PBs pb NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 114 20 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 115 1 11 11 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 115 2 Reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 115 3 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 115 4 were be VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 115 5 mandatory mandatory JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 115 6 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 115 7 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 115 8 public public JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 115 9 procurement procurement NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 115 10 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 115 11 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 115 12 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 115 13 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 115 14 July July NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 115 15 1 1 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 115 16 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 115 17 2012 2012 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 115 18 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 115 19 May May NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 115 20 2 2 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 115 21 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 115 22 2013 2013 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 115 23 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 116 1 On on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 116 2 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 116 3 latter latter JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 116 4 date date NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 116 5 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 116 6 responding respond VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 116 7 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 116 8 an an DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 116 9 Appeal Appeal NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 116 10 jointly jointly RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 116 11 submitted submit VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 116 12 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 116 13 some some DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 116 14 suppliers supplier NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 116 15 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 116 16 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 116 17 Administrative Administrative NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 116 18 Tribunal Tribunal NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 116 19 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 116 20 Lazio Lazio NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 116 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 116 22 TAR tar NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 116 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 116 24 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 116 25 outlawed outlaw VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 116 26 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 116 27 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 116 28 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 116 29 regime regime NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 116 30 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 117 1 12 12 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 118 1 This this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 118 2 decision decision NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 118 3 was be VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 118 4 taken take VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 118 5 because because IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 118 6 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 118 7 listed list VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 118 8 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 118 9 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 118 10 some some DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 118 11 classes class NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 118 12 were be VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 118 13 too too RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 118 14 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 118 15 both both CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 118 16 functionally functionally RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 118 17 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 118 18 technically technically RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 118 19 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 118 20 come come VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 118 21 under under IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 118 22 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 118 23 single single JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 118 24 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 118 25 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 119 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 119 2 differences difference NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 119 3 were be VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 119 4 mainly mainly RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 119 5 related relate VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 119 6 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 119 7 complex complex JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 119 8 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 119 9 such such JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 119 10 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 119 11 stents stent NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 119 12 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 119 13 prostheses prosthesis NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 119 14 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 120 1 Note note VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 120 2 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 120 3 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 120 4 within within IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 120 5 classes class NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 120 6 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 120 7 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 120 8 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 120 9 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 120 10 not not RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 120 11 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 120 12 problem problem NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 120 13 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 120 14 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 120 15 present present JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 120 16 empirical empirical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 120 17 analysis analysis NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 120 18 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 120 19 because because IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 120 20 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 120 21 investigation investigation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 120 22 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 120 23 carried carry VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 120 24 out out RP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 120 25 using use VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 120 26 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 120 27 database database NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 120 28 including include VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 120 29 only only RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 120 30 simple simple JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 120 31 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 120 32 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 120 33 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 120 34 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 120 35 confirmed confirm VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 120 36 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 120 37 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 120 38 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 120 39 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 120 40 more more RBR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 120 41 detailed detailed JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 120 42 classification classification NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 120 43 precisely precisely RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 120 44 dealing deal VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 120 45 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 120 46 this this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 120 47 issue issue NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 120 48 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 121 1 13 13 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 121 2 _SP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 122 1 To to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 122 2 investigate investigate VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 122 3 unit unit NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 122 4 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 122 5 paid pay VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 122 6 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 122 7 PBs pb NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 122 8 when when WRB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 122 9 purchasing purchase VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 122 10 standard standard JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 122 11 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 122 12 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 122 13 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 122 14 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 122 15 base base VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 122 16 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 122 17 empirical empirical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 122 18 analysis analysis NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 122 19 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 122 20 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 122 21 database database NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 122 22 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 122 23 four four CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 122 24 sources source NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 122 25 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 122 26 information information NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 122 27 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 123 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 123 2 first first JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 123 3 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 123 4 main main JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 123 5 source source NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 123 6 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 123 7 information information NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 123 8 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 123 9 an an DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 123 10 original original JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 123 11 dataset dataset NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 123 12 consisting consisting NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 123 13 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 123 14 unit unit NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 123 15 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 123 16 paid pay VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 123 17 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 123 18 Italian italian JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 123 19 PBs pb NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 123 20 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 123 21 purchase purchase VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 123 22 simple simple JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 123 23 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 123 24 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 123 25 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 123 26 January January NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 123 27 1 1 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 123 28 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 123 29 2013 2013 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 123 30 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 123 31 December December NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 123 32 31 31 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 123 33 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 123 34 2013 2013 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 123 35 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 124 1 All all PDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 124 2 these these DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 124 3 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 124 4 were be VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 124 5 subject subject JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 124 6 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 124 7 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 124 8 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 124 9 until until IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 124 10 May May NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 124 11 2 2 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 124 12 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 124 13 2013 2013 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 124 14 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 124 15 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 124 16 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 124 17 related related JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 124 18 information information NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 124 19 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 124 20 awarding award VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 124 21 tenders tender NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 124 22 was be VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 124 23 collected collect VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 124 24 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 124 25 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 124 26 AVCP AVCP NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 124 27 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 125 1 PBs pb NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 125 2 usually usually RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 125 3 adopt adopt VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 125 4 procedures procedure NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 125 5 under under IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 125 6 which which WDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 125 7 they -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 125 8 aggregate aggregate VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 125 9 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 125 10 purchase purchase NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 125 11 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 125 12 similar similar JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 125 13 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 125 14 previous previous JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 125 15 contract contract NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 125 16 has have VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 125 17 expired expire VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 125 18 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 125 19 no no DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 125 20 participants participant NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 125 21 bid bid VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 125 22 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 125 23 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 125 24 following follow VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 125 25 tender tender NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 125 26 or or CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 125 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 125 28 iv iv LS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 125 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 125 30 unpredictable unpredictable JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 125 31 events event NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 125 32 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 126 1 10 10 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 127 1 In in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 127 2 2014 2014 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 127 3 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 127 4 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 127 5 responsibilities responsibility NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 127 6 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 127 7 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 127 8 AVCP AVCP NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 127 9 were be VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 127 10 transferred transfer VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 127 11 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 127 12 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 127 13 Italian Italian NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 127 14 Anticorruption Anticorruption NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 127 15 Authority Authority NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 127 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 127 17 ANAC ANAC NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 127 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 127 19 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 128 1 11 11 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 129 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 129 2 policy policy NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 129 3 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 129 4 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 129 5 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 129 6 included include VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 129 7 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 129 8 safeguard safeguard NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 129 9 clause clause NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 129 10 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 130 1 If if IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 130 2 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 130 3 tender tender NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 130 4 applying apply VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 130 5 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 130 6 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 130 7 was be VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 130 8 null null JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 130 9 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 130 10 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 130 11 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 130 12 could could MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 130 13 then then RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 130 14 proceed proceed VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 130 15 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 130 16 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 130 17 new new JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 130 18 tender tender NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 130 19 where where WRB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 130 20 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 130 21 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 130 22 were be VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 130 23 no no RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 130 24 longer long RBR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 130 25 applied apply VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 130 26 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 131 1 Anecdotal anecdotal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 131 2 evidence evidence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 131 3 suggests suggest VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 131 4 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 131 5 clause clause NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 131 6 was be VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 131 7 rarely rarely RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 131 8 implemented implement VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 131 9 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 132 1 12 12 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 133 1 In in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 133 2 line line NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 133 3 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 133 4 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 133 5 date date NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 133 6 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 133 7 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 133 8 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 133 9 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 133 10 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 133 11 date date NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 133 12 recorded record VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 133 13 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 133 14 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 133 15 tender tender NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 133 16 transcript transcript NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 133 17 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 133 18 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 133 19 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 133 20 database database NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 133 21 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 133 22 divided divide VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 133 23 unit unit NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 133 24 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 133 25 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 133 26 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 133 27 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 133 28 into into IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 133 29 two two CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 133 30 groups group NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 133 31 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 133 32 when when WRB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 133 33 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 133 34 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 133 35 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 133 36 regime regime NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 133 37 was be VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 133 38 applicable applicable JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 133 39 or or CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 133 40 not not RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 133 41 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 133 42 i.e. i.e. FW cord-255762-qd6fht8y 133 43 before before IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 133 44 / / SYM cord-255762-qd6fht8y 133 45 after after IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 133 46 May May NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 133 47 2 2 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 133 48 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 133 49 2013 2013 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 133 50 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 134 1 13 13 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 135 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 135 2 Italian Italian NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 135 3 National National NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 135 4 Agency Agency NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 135 5 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 135 6 Regional Regional NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 135 7 Health Health NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 135 8 Services Services NNPS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 135 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 135 10 AGENAS AGENAS NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 135 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 135 12 produced produce VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 135 13 two two CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 135 14 lists list NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 135 15 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 135 16 classes class NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 135 17 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 135 18 homogeneous homogeneous JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 135 19 products product NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 135 20 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 136 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 136 2 first first JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 136 3 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 136 4 published publish VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 136 5 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 136 6 2009 2009 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 136 7 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 136 8 was be VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 136 9 used use VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 136 10 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 136 11 set set VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 136 12 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 136 13 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 136 14 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 136 15 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 136 16 ruled rule VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 136 17 out out RP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 136 18 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 136 19 May May NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 136 20 2 2 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 136 21 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 136 22 2013 2013 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 136 23 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 137 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 137 2 second second JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 137 3 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 137 4 published publish VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 137 5 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 137 6 2013 2013 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 137 7 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 137 8 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 137 9 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 137 10 more more RBR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 137 11 detailed detailed JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 137 12 list list NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 137 13 created create VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 137 14 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 137 15 address address VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 137 16 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 137 17 tribunal tribunal NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 137 18 's 's POS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 137 19 concerns concern NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 137 20 about about IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 137 21 excessive excessive JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 137 22 intra intra JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 137 23 - - JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 137 24 class class JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 137 25 product product NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 137 26 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 137 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 137 28 mainly mainly RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 137 29 stents stent NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 137 30 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 137 31 prostheses prosthesis NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 137 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 137 33 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 138 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 138 2 empirical empirical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 138 3 analysis analysis NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 138 4 uses use VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 138 5 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 138 6 latter latter JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 138 7 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 139 1 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 139 2 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 139 3 into into IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 139 4 lots lot NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 139 5 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 139 6 14 14 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 139 7 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 139 8 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 139 9 separate separate JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 139 10 tender tender NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 139 11 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 139 12 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 139 13 lot lot NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 139 14 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 140 1 Each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 140 2 procedure procedure NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 140 3 corresponds correspond VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 140 4 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 140 5 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 140 6 framework framework NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 140 7 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 140 8 common common JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 140 9 rules rule NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 140 10 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 140 11 supplier supplier NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 140 12 requirements requirement NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 140 13 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 140 14 bank bank NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 140 15 guarantees guarantee NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 140 16 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 140 17 etc etc FW cord-255762-qd6fht8y 140 18 .. .. . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 141 1 As as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 141 2 an an DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 141 3 example example NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 141 4 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 141 5 let let VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 141 6 us -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 141 7 consider consider VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 141 8 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 141 9 public public JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 141 10 buyer buyer NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 141 11 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 141 12 P p NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 141 13 B B NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 141 14 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 141 15 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 141 16 awarding award VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 141 17 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 141 18 lot lot NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 141 19 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 141 20 lot lot NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 141 21 1 1 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 141 22 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 141 23 through through IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 141 24 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 141 25 tender tender NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 141 26 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 141 27 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 141 28 form form NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 141 29 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 141 30 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 141 31 first first JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 141 32 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 141 33 auction auction NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 141 34 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 141 35 FPA FPA NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 141 36 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 142 1 Let let VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 142 2 us -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 142 3 assume assume VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 142 4 lot lot NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 142 5 1 1 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 142 6 includes include VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 142 7 3 3 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 142 8 different different JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 142 9 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 142 10 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 142 11 e.g. e.g. RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 142 12 three three CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 142 13 bandages bandage NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 142 14 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 142 15 different different JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 142 16 lengths length NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 142 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 142 18 say say VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 142 19 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 142 20 5 5 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 142 21 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 142 22 10 10 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 142 23 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 142 24 50 50 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 142 25 cm cm NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 142 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 142 27 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 142 28 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 142 29 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 142 30 only only RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 142 31 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 142 32 first first JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 142 33 two two CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 142 34 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 142 35 subject subject JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 142 36 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 142 37 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 142 38 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 142 39 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 142 40 regime regime NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 142 41 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 143 1 In in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 143 2 this this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 143 3 tender tender NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 143 4 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 143 5 lot lot NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 143 6 1 1 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 143 7 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 143 8 all all DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 143 9 participating participate VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 143 10 suppliers supplier NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 143 11 offer offer VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 143 12 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 143 13 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 143 14 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 143 15 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 143 16 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 143 17 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 143 18 three three CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 143 19 bandages bandage NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 143 20 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 144 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 144 2 winner winner NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 144 3 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 144 4 lot lot NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 144 5 1 1 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 144 6 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 144 7 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 144 8 supplier supplier NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 144 9 who who WP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 144 10 offers offer VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 144 11 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 144 12 lowest low JJS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 144 13 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 144 14 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 144 15 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 144 16 whole whole JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 144 17 lot lot NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 144 18 1 1 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 144 19 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 144 20 corresponding correspond VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 144 21 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 144 22 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 144 23 sum sum NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 144 24 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 144 25 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 144 26 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 144 27 's 's POS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 144 28 unit unit NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 144 29 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 144 30 multiplied multiply VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 144 31 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 144 32 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 144 33 quantity quantity NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 144 34 requested request VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 144 35 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 145 1 Accordingly accordingly RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 145 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 145 3 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 145 4 database database NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 145 5 records record VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 145 6 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 145 7 unit unit NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 145 8 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 145 9 offered offer VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 145 10 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 145 11 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 145 12 winner winner NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 145 13 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 145 14 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 145 15 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 145 16 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 145 17 two two CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 145 18 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 145 19 subject subject JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 145 20 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 145 21 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 145 22 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 145 23 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 145 24 regime regime NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 145 25 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 145 26 as as RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 145 27 well well RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 145 28 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 145 29 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 145 30 quantity quantity NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 145 31 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 145 32 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 145 33 classes class NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 145 34 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 145 35 functionally functionally RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 145 36 equivalent equivalent JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 145 37 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 145 38 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 145 39 they -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 145 40 refer refer VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 145 41 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 145 42 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 146 1 However however RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 146 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 146 3 no no DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 146 4 information information NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 146 5 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 146 6 available available JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 146 7 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 146 8 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 146 9 third third JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 146 10 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 146 11 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 146 12 lot lot NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 146 13 1 1 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 146 14 which which WDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 146 15 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 146 16 not not RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 146 17 subject subject JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 146 18 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 146 19 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 146 20 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 146 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 146 22 or or CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 146 23 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 146 24 lots lot NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 146 25 including include VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 146 26 only only RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 146 27 these these DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 146 28 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 146 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 146 30 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 147 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 147 2 database database NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 147 3 also also RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 147 4 has have VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 147 5 information information NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 147 6 regarding regard VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 147 7 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 147 8 ID ID NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 147 9 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 147 10 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 147 11 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 147 12 organising organise VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 147 13 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 147 14 tender tender NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 147 15 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 147 16 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 147 17 awarding awarding NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 147 18 mechanism mechanism NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 147 19 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 147 20 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 147 21 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 147 22 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 147 23 subset subset NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 147 24 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 147 25 observations observation NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 147 26 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 147 27 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 147 28 number number NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 147 29 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 147 30 bidders bidder NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 147 31 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 147 32 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 147 33 lot lot NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 147 34 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 1 Second second RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 3 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 4 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 5 Financial Financial NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 6 Statements statement NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 7 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 8 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 9 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 10 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 11 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 12 database database NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 13 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 14 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 15 collected collect VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 16 information information NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 17 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 18 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 19 total total JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 20 value value NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 21 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 22 services service NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 23 supplied supply VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 24 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 25 total total JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 26 costs cost NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 27 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 28 costs cost NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 29 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 30 personnel personnel NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 31 split split VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 32 into into IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 33 health health NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 34 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 35 related relate VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 36 personnel personnel NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 38 doctors doctor NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 39 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 40 nurses nurse NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 41 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 42 healthcare healthcare NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 43 assistants assistant NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 45 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 46 non non JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 47 - - JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 48 health health JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 49 related relate VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 50 personnel personnel NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 51 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 52 clerks clerk NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 54 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 55 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 56 procurement procurement NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 57 costs cost NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 58 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 59 health health NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 60 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 61 related relate VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 62 goods good NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 63 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 64 services service NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 148 65 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 149 1 15 15 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 149 2 Summary Summary NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 149 3 statistics statistic NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 149 4 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 149 5 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 149 6 Financial Financial NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 149 7 Statements statement NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 149 8 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 149 9 set set VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 149 10 out out RP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 149 11 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 149 12 Table Table NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 149 13 1 1 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 149 14 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 150 1 PBs pb NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 150 2 were be VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 150 3 also also RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 150 4 classified classify VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 150 5 according accord VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 150 6 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 150 7 rural rural JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 150 8 or or CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 150 9 metropolitan metropolitan JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 150 10 location location NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 150 11 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 151 1 16 16 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 151 2 Third Third NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 151 3 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 151 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 151 5 gathered gather VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 151 6 information information NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 151 7 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 151 8 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 151 9 National National NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 151 10 Institute Institute NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 151 11 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 151 12 Statistics Statistics NNPS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 151 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 151 14 ISTAT ISTAT NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 151 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 151 16 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 151 17 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 151 18 size size NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 151 19 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 151 20 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 151 21 regional regional JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 151 22 population population NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 151 23 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 151 24 total total JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 151 25 annual annual JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 151 26 regional regional JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 151 27 spending spending NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 151 28 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 151 29 healthcare healthcare NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 151 30 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 152 1 This this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 152 2 information information NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 152 3 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 152 4 relevant relevant JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 152 5 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 152 6 given give VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 152 7 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 152 8 decentralised decentralised JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 152 9 nature nature NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 152 10 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 152 11 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 152 12 Italian italian JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 152 13 health health NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 152 14 system system NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 152 15 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 152 16 because because IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 152 17 political political JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 152 18 decisions decision NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 152 19 at at IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 152 20 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 152 21 regional regional JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 152 22 level level NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 152 23 may may MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 152 24 impact impact VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 152 25 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 152 26 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 152 27 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 152 28 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 153 1 Note note VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 153 2 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 153 3 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 153 4 ratio ratio NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 153 5 between between IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 153 6 these these DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 153 7 two two CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 153 8 variables variable NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 153 9 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 153 10 i.e. i.e. FW cord-255762-qd6fht8y 153 11 per per FW cord-255762-qd6fht8y 153 12 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 153 13 capita capita NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 153 14 health health NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 153 15 expenditure expenditure NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 153 16 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 153 17 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 153 18 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 153 19 dimensionally dimensionally RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 153 20 invariant invariant JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 153 21 measure measure NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 153 22 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 153 23 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 153 24 resources resource NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 153 25 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 153 26 region region NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 153 27 devotes devote VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 153 28 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 153 29 healthcare healthcare NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 153 30 every every DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 153 31 year year NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 153 32 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 154 1 On on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 154 2 average average JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 154 3 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 154 4 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 154 5 2013 2013 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 154 6 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 154 7 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 154 8 per per IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 154 9 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 154 10 capita capita NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 154 11 health health NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 154 12 expenditure expenditure NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 154 13 was be VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 154 14 e1,891 e1,891 RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 154 15 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 155 1 17 17 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 155 2 Finally finally RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 155 3 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 155 4 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 155 5 Assobiomedica Assobiomedica NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 155 6 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 155 7 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 155 8 main main JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 155 9 Italian Italian NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 155 10 Association Association NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 155 11 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 155 12 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 155 13 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 156 1 pro- pro- JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 157 1 14 14 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 158 1 Via via IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 158 2 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 158 3 CND CND NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 158 4 code code NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 158 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 158 6 National National NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 158 7 Device Device NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 158 8 Classification Classification NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 158 9 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 158 10 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 158 11 top top JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 158 12 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 158 13 down down RP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 158 14 digit digit NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 158 15 structure structure NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 158 16 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 158 17 general general JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 158 18 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 158 19 narrow narrow JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 158 20 descriptions description NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 158 21 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 158 22 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 158 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 158 24 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 158 25 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 158 26 investigated investigate VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 158 27 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 158 28 extent extent NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 158 29 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 158 30 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 158 31 within within IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 158 32 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 158 33 lot lot NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 158 34 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 158 35 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 158 36 database database NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 158 37 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 159 1 For for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 159 2 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 159 3 first first JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 159 4 level level NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 159 5 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 159 6 classification classification NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 159 7 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 159 8 which which WDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 159 9 gives give VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 159 10 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 159 11 general general JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 159 12 description description NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 159 13 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 159 14 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 159 15 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 159 16 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 159 17 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 159 18 found find VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 159 19 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 159 20 only only RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 159 21 2.8 2.8 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 159 22 % % NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 159 23 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 159 24 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 159 25 lots lot NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 159 26 included include VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 159 27 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 159 28 items item NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 159 29 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 159 30 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 159 31 this this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 159 32 percentage percentage NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 159 33 becomes become VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 159 34 11.7 11.7 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 159 35 at at IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 159 36 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 159 37 third third JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 159 38 level level NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 159 39 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 159 40 classification classification NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 159 41 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 160 1 Summary summary NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 160 2 statistics statistic NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 160 3 at at IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 160 4 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 160 5 lot lot NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 160 6 level level NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 160 7 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 160 8 presented present VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 160 9 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 160 10 Appendix Appendix NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 160 11 A.1.2 A.1.2 NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 160 12 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 161 1 15 15 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 162 1 According accord VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 162 2 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 162 3 Italian italian JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 162 4 law law NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 162 5 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 162 6 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 162 7 Financial Financial NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 162 8 Statements statement NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 162 9 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 162 10 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 162 11 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 162 12 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 162 13 which which WDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 162 14 include include VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 162 15 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 162 16 balance balance NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 162 17 sheet sheet NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 162 18 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 162 19 profit profit NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 162 20 / / SYM cord-255762-qd6fht8y 162 21 loss loss NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 162 22 account account NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 162 23 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 162 24 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 162 25 disclosed disclose VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 162 26 following follow VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 162 27 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 162 28 standard standard JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 162 29 format format NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 162 30 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 163 1 Financial financial JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 163 2 Statements statement NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 163 3 were be VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 163 4 downloaded download VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 163 5 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 163 6 official official JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 163 7 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 163 8 websites website NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 163 9 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 164 1 For for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 164 2 two two CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 164 3 PBs pb NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 164 4 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 164 5 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 164 6 database database NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 164 7 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 164 8 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 164 9 2013 2013 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 164 10 Financial Financial NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 164 11 Statements statement NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 164 12 were be VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 164 13 not not RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 164 14 available available JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 164 15 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 164 16 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 164 17 official official JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 164 18 websites website NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 164 19 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 165 1 16 16 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 166 1 A a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 166 2 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 166 3 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 166 4 located locate VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 166 5 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 166 6 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 166 7 metropolitan metropolitan JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 166 8 area area NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 166 9 if if IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 166 10 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 166 11 headquarters headquarters NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 166 12 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 166 13 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 166 14 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 166 15 municipality municipality NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 166 16 which which WDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 166 17 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 166 18 part part NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 166 19 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 166 20 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 166 21 metropolitan metropolitan JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 166 22 city city NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 166 23 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 166 24 defined define VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 166 25 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 166 26 Italian italian JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 166 27 Law Law NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 166 28 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 167 1 Data datum NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 167 2 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 167 3 available available JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 167 4 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 167 5 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 167 6 National National NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 167 7 Institute Institute NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 167 8 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 167 9 Statistics Statistics NNPS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 167 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 167 11 ISTAT ISTAT NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 167 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 167 13 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 167 14 at at IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 167 15 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 167 16 following following JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 167 17 link link NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 167 18 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 167 19 https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/6789 https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/6789 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 167 20 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 167 21 accessed access VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 167 22 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 167 23 10/06/2020 10/06/2020 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 167 24 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 168 1 17 17 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 169 1 To to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 169 2 check check VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 169 3 if if IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 169 4 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 169 5 regional regional JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 169 6 per per IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 169 7 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 169 8 capita capita NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 169 9 health health NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 169 10 expenditure expenditure NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 169 11 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 169 12 driven drive VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 169 13 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 169 14 economies economy NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 169 15 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 169 16 scale scale NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 169 17 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 169 18 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 169 19 compare compare VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 169 20 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 169 21 per per IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 169 22 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 169 23 capita capita NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 169 24 health health NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 169 25 expenditure expenditure NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 169 26 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 169 27 regions region NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 169 28 above above IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 169 29 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 169 30 below below IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 169 31 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 169 32 average average JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 169 33 population population NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 169 34 size size NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 169 35 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 169 36 Kolmogorov Kolmogorov NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 169 37 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 169 38 Smirnov Smirnov NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 169 39 test test NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 169 40 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 170 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 170 2 find find VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 170 3 no no DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 170 4 significant significant JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 170 5 difference difference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 170 6 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 171 1 Note note VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 171 2 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 172 1 Data datum NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 172 2 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 172 3 million million CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 172 4 euros euro NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 172 5 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 173 1 J J NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 173 2 o o NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 173 3 u u NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 173 4 r r NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 173 5 n n NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 173 6 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 173 7 l l NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 173 8 P p NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 173 9 r r NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 173 10 e e NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 174 1 -p -p : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 175 1 r r NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 175 2 o o NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 175 3 o o NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 175 4 f f NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 175 5 ducers ducers NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 175 6 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 175 7 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 175 8 gathered gather VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 175 9 data datum NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 175 10 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 175 11 average average JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 175 12 days day NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 175 13 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 175 14 delay delay NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 175 15 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 175 16 payment payment NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 175 17 at at IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 175 18 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 175 19 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 175 20 level level NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 175 21 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 176 1 18 18 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 177 1 This this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 177 2 information information NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 177 3 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 177 4 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 177 5 interest interest NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 177 6 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 177 7 delays delay NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 177 8 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 177 9 payment payment NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 177 10 affect affect VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 177 11 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 177 12 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 177 13 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 177 14 obtaining obtain VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 177 15 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 177 16 better well JJR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 177 17 deal deal NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 177 18 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 178 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 178 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 178 3 suppliers supplier NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 178 4 may may MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 178 5 discount discount VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 178 6 expected expect VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 178 7 late late JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 178 8 payments payment NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 178 9 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 178 10 initially initially RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 178 11 offering offer VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 178 12 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 178 13 higher high JJR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 178 14 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 178 15 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 179 1 In in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 179 2 2012 2012 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 179 3 - - SYM cord-255762-qd6fht8y 179 4 2013 2013 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 179 5 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 179 6 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 179 7 observed observe VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 179 8 such such JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 179 9 delays delay NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 179 10 varying vary VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 179 11 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 179 12 55 55 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 179 13 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 179 14 1,603 1,603 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 179 15 days day NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 179 16 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 179 17 recording record VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 179 18 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 179 19 median median NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 179 20 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 179 21 160 160 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 179 22 days day NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 179 23 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 180 1 Note note VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 180 2 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 180 3 overdue overdue JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 180 4 payments payment NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 180 5 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 180 6 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 180 7 lagging lagging JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 180 8 indicator indicator NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 180 9 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 181 1 so so RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 181 2 delays delay NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 181 3 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 181 4 2012 2012 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 181 5 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 181 6 used use VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 181 7 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 181 8 study study VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 181 9 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 181 10 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 181 11 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 181 12 2013 2013 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 181 13 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 182 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 182 2 unit unit NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 182 3 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 182 4 observation observation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 182 5 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 182 6 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 182 7 dataset dataset NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 182 8 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 182 9 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 182 10 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 182 11 paid pay VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 182 12 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 182 13 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 182 14 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 182 15 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 182 16 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 182 17 purchase purchase NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 182 18 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 182 19 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 182 20 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 182 21 subject subject JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 182 22 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 182 23 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 182 24 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 182 25 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 182 26 regime regime NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 182 27 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 183 1 Starting start VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 183 2 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 183 3 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 183 4 AVCP AVCP NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 183 5 original original JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 183 6 dataset dataset NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 183 7 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 183 8 2,149 2,149 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 183 9 observations observation NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 183 10 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 183 11 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 183 12 period period NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 183 13 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 183 14 January January NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 183 15 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 183 16 December December NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 183 17 2013 2013 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 183 18 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 183 19 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 183 20 discarded discard VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 183 21 373 373 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 183 22 observations observation NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 183 23 relative relative JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 183 24 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 183 25 classes class NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 183 26 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 183 27 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 183 28 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 183 29 where where WRB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 183 30 fewer few JJR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 183 31 than than IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 183 32 10 10 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 183 33 observations observation NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 183 34 were be VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 183 35 available available JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 183 36 ; ; : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 183 37 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 183 38 discarded discard VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 183 39 further further RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 183 40 75 75 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 183 41 observations observation NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 183 42 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 183 43 which which WDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 183 44 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 183 45 awarding awarding NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 183 46 mechanism mechanism NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 183 47 was be VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 183 48 unspecified unspecified JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 183 49 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 184 1 According accord VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 184 2 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 184 3 Italian italian JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 184 4 statutory statutory JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 184 5 requirements requirement NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 184 6 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 184 7 public public JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 184 8 procurement procurement NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 184 9 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 184 10 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 184 11 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 184 12 can can MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 184 13 choose choose VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 184 14 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 184 15 awarding awarding NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 184 16 mechanism mechanism NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 184 17 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 184 18 adopt adopt VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 184 19 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 184 20 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 184 21 form form NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 184 22 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 184 23 first first JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 184 24 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 184 25 auctions auction NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 184 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 184 27 FPAs FPAs NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 184 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 184 29 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 184 30 direct direct JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 184 31 negotiations negotiation NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 184 32 or or CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 184 33 scoring scoring NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 184 34 rules rule NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 184 35 auctions auction NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 184 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 184 37 SRAs sra NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 184 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 184 39 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 185 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 185 2 original original JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 185 3 database database NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 185 4 includes include VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 185 5 unit unit NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 185 6 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 185 7 resulting result VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 185 8 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 185 9 all all PDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 185 10 these these DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 185 11 awarding awarding NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 185 12 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 185 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 185 14 see see VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 185 15 Appendix Appendix NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 185 16 A.6 A.6 NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 185 17 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 185 18 summary summary NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 185 19 statistics statistic NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 185 20 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 185 21 SRAs sra NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 185 22 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 185 23 compared compare VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 185 24 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 185 25 FPAs FPAs NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 185 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 185 27 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 186 1 Given give VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 186 2 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 186 3 research research NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 186 4 question question NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 186 5 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 186 6 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 186 7 empirical empirical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 186 8 strategy strategy NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 186 9 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 186 10 focusing focus VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 186 11 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 186 12 simple simple JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 186 13 items item NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 186 14 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 186 15 order order NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 186 16 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 186 17 avoid avoid VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 186 18 confusing confusing JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 186 19 effects effect NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 186 20 relating relate VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 186 21 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 186 22 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 186 23 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 186 24 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 186 25 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 186 26 discretion discretion NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 186 27 when when WRB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 186 28 purchasing purchase VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 186 29 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 186 30 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 186 31 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 186 32 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 186 33 exclude exclude VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 186 34 SRAs sra NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 186 35 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 186 36 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 186 37 analysis analysis NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 186 38 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 187 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 187 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 187 3 unlike unlike IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 187 4 FPAs FPAs NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 187 5 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 187 6 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 187 7 SRA SRA NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 187 8 format format NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 187 9 includes include VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 187 10 competition competition NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 187 11 between between IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 187 12 suppliers supplier NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 187 13 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 187 14 quality quality NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 187 15 elements element NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 187 16 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 188 1 19 19 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 189 1 As as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 189 2 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 189 3 result result NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 189 4 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 189 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 189 6 end end VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 189 7 up up RP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 189 8 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 189 9 1,474 1,474 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 189 10 observations observation NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 189 11 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 189 12 split split VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 189 13 almost almost RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 189 14 equally equally RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 189 15 between between IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 189 16 FPAs fpa NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 189 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 189 18 733 733 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 189 19 observations observation NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 189 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 189 21 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 189 22 direct direct JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 189 23 negotiations negotiation NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 189 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 189 25 741 741 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 189 26 observations observation NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 189 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 189 28 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 190 1 20 20 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 191 1 This this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 191 2 dataset dataset NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 191 3 records record VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 191 4 observations observation NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 191 5 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 191 6 76 76 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 191 7 classes class NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 191 8 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 191 9 functionally functionally RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 191 10 homogeneous homogeneous JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 191 11 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 191 12 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 191 13 subject subject JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 191 14 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 191 15 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 191 16 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 191 17 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 192 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 192 2 median median JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 192 3 unit unit NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 192 4 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 192 5 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 192 6 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 192 7 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 192 8 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 192 9 e0.32 e0.32 VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 192 10 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 193 1 Within within IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 193 2 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 193 3 class class NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 193 4 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 193 5 d d NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 193 6 = = SYM cord-255762-qd6fht8y 193 7 1 1 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 193 8 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 193 9 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 193 10 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 193 11 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 194 1 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 194 2 D D NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 194 3 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 194 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 194 5 observe observe VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 194 6 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 194 7 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 194 8 paid pay VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 194 9 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 194 10 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 194 11 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 194 12 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 194 13 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 194 14 purchase purchase NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 194 15 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 194 16 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 194 17 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 194 18 subject subject JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 194 19 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 194 20 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 194 21 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 194 22 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 194 23 regime regime NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 194 24 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 195 1 For for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 195 2 example example NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 195 3 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 195 4 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 195 5 class class NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 195 6 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 195 7 syringes syrinx NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 195 8 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 195 9 three three CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 195 10 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 195 11 piece piece NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 195 12 eccentric eccentric JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 195 13 cone cone NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 195 14 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 195 15 luer luer VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 195 16 tip tip NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 195 17 ; ; : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 195 18 capacity capacity NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 195 19 20 20 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 195 20 ml ml NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 195 21 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 195 22 graduated graduate VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 195 23 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 195 24 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 195 25 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 195 26 triple triple RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 195 27 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 195 28 sharpened sharpen VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 195 29 needle needle NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 195 30 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 195 31 mounted mount VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 195 32 gauge gauge NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 195 33 G g NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 195 34 19-G 19-g CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 195 35 23 23 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 195 36 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 195 37 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 195 38 length length NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 195 39 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 195 40 40 40 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 195 41 mm mm NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 195 42 has have VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 195 43 unit unit NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 195 44 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 195 45 ranging range VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 195 46 between between IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 195 47 e0.05 e0.05 NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 195 48 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 195 49 e0.17 e0.17 NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 195 50 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 196 1 21 21 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 196 2 18 18 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 196 3 Information information NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 196 4 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 196 5 missing miss VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 196 6 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 196 7 21 21 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 196 8 % % NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 196 9 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 196 10 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 196 11 observations observation NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 196 12 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 197 1 In in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 197 2 these these DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 197 3 cases case NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 197 4 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 197 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 197 6 use use VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 197 7 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 197 8 regional regional JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 197 9 average average NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 197 10 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 197 11 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 197 12 proxy proxy NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 197 13 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 198 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 198 2 regional regional JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 198 3 average average JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 198 4 delay delay NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 198 5 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 198 6 payments payment NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 198 7 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 198 8 highly highly RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 198 9 correlated correlate VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 198 10 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 198 11 local local JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 198 12 one one CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 198 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 198 14 correlation correlation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 198 15 0.73 0.73 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 198 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 198 17 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 199 1 For for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 199 2 data datum NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 199 3 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 199 4 overdue overdue JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 199 5 payments payment NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 199 6 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 199 7 see see VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 199 8 also also RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 199 9 Guglieri Guglieri NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 199 10 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 199 11 Carbone Carbone NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 199 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 199 13 2015 2015 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 199 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 199 15 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 200 1 19 19 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 1 Inspecting inspect VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 2 quality quality NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 3 components component NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 4 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 5 SRA SRA NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 6 tender tender NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 7 documents document NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 8 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 9 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 10 found find VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 11 no no DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 12 significant significant JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 13 supplementary supplementary JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 14 services service NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 15 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 16 but but CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 17 frequent frequent JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 18 references reference NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 19 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 20 subjective subjective JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 21 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 22 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 23 suggested suggest VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 24 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 25 operators operator NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 27 e.g. e.g. IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 28 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 29 ease ease NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 30 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 31 slipping slip VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 32 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 33 needle needle NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 34 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 35 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 36 force force NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 37 required require VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 38 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 39 press press VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 40 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 41 plunger plunger NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 42 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 43 etc etc FW cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 44 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 46 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 47 unrelated unrelated JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 48 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 49 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 50 direct direct JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 51 choice choice NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 52 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 53 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 54 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 55 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 56 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 57 purchasing purchasing NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 58 process process NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 201 59 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 202 1 20 20 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 203 1 For for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 203 2 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 203 3 522 522 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 203 4 FPAs fpas NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 203 5 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 203 6 which which WDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 203 7 information information NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 203 8 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 203 9 available available JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 203 10 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 203 11 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 203 12 average average JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 203 13 number number NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 203 14 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 203 15 bidders bidder NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 203 16 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 203 17 4 4 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 203 18 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 204 1 21 21 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 205 1 Appendix Appendix NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 205 2 A.1.1 A.1.1 NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 205 3 reports report VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 205 4 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 205 5 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 205 6 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 205 7 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 205 8 class class NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 205 9 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 205 10 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 205 11 average average JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 205 12 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 205 13 minimum minimum JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 205 14 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 205 15 maximum maximum JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 205 16 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 205 17 observed observe VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 205 18 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 206 1 J J NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 206 2 o o NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 206 3 u u NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 206 4 r r NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 206 5 n n NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 206 6 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 206 7 l l NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 206 8 P p NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 206 9 r r NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 206 10 e e NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 206 11 -p -p NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 207 1 r r LS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 208 1 o o UH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 209 1 o o UH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 209 2 f f NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 210 1 This this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 210 2 sub sub JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 210 3 - - JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 210 4 section section NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 210 5 presents present VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 210 6 preliminary preliminary JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 210 7 findings finding NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 210 8 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 210 9 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 210 10 unit unit NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 210 11 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 210 12 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 211 1 First first RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 211 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 211 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 211 4 investigate investigate VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 211 5 whether whether IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 211 6 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 211 7 vary vary VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 211 8 according accord VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 211 9 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 211 10 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 211 11 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 211 12 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 211 13 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 211 14 identity identity NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 211 15 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 211 16 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 211 17 supplier supplier NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 211 18 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 212 1 Second second RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 212 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 212 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 212 4 compare compare VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 212 5 some some DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 212 6 common common JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 212 7 reduced reduce VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 212 8 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 212 9 form form NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 212 10 estimates estimate NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 212 11 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 212 12 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 212 13 find find VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 212 14 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 212 15 most most RBS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 212 16 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 212 17 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 212 18 describe describe VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 212 19 unit unit NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 212 20 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 212 21 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 213 1 For for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 213 2 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 213 3 first first JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 213 4 task task NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 213 5 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 213 6 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 213 7 ran run VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 213 8 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 213 9 set set NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 213 10 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 213 11 one one CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 213 12 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 213 13 way way NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 213 14 ANOVA anova NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 213 15 tests test NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 213 16 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 213 17 see see VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 213 18 if if IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 213 19 unit unit NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 213 20 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 213 21 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 213 22 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 213 23 average average JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 213 24 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 213 25 change change NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 213 26 according accord VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 213 27 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 213 28 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 213 29 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 213 30 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 213 31 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 213 32 or or CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 213 33 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 213 34 supplier supplier NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 213 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 213 36 one one CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 213 37 at at IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 213 38 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 213 39 time time NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 213 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 213 41 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 2 three three CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 3 tests test NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 4 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 5 shown show VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 6 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 7 Column Column NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 9 1 1 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 11 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 12 Table table NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 13 2 2 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 14 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 16 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 17 p p NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 18 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 19 values value NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 20 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 21 square square JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 22 brackets bracket NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 24 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 25 always always RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 26 reject reject VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 27 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 28 null null JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 29 hypothesis hypothesis NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 30 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 31 indicating indicate VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 32 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 33 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 34 indeed indeed RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 35 vary vary VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 36 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 37 all all DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 38 three three CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 39 dimensions dimension NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 40 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 41 especially especially RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 42 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 43 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 44 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 45 categories category NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 47 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 48 suggested suggest VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 49 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 50 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 51 higher high JJR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 52 value value NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 53 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 54 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 55 test test NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 214 57 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 215 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 215 2 then then RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 215 3 checked check VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 215 4 if if IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 215 5 unit unit NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 215 6 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 215 7 change change VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 215 8 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 215 9 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 215 10 dimension dimension NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 215 11 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 215 12 after after IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 215 13 controlling control VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 215 14 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 215 15 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 215 16 other other JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 215 17 two two CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 215 18 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 216 1 Hence hence RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 216 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 216 3 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 216 4 same same JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 216 5 test test NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 216 6 was be VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 216 7 carried carry VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 216 8 out out RP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 216 9 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 216 10 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 216 11 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 216 12 now now RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 216 13 cleaned clean VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 216 14 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 216 15 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 216 16 average average NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 216 17 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 216 18 two two CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 216 19 dimensions dimension NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 216 20 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 217 1 For for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 217 2 example example NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 217 3 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 217 4 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 217 5 one one CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 217 6 case case NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 217 7 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 217 8 considered consider VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 217 9 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 217 10 difference difference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 217 11 between between IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 217 12 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 217 13 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 217 14 average average JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 217 15 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 217 16 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 217 17 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 217 18 plus plus CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 217 19 average average JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 217 20 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 217 21 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 217 22 supplier supplier NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 217 23 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 217 24 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 217 25 looked look VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 217 26 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 217 27 see see VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 217 28 if if IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 217 29 this this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 217 30 difference difference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 217 31 changes change NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 217 32 according accord VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 217 33 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 217 34 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 217 35 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 217 36 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 218 1 This this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 218 2 way way NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 218 3 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 218 4 after after IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 218 5 removing remove VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 218 6 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 218 7 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 218 8 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 218 9 supplier supplier NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 218 10 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 218 11 specific specific JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 218 12 linear linear JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 218 13 fixed fix VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 218 14 effects effect NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 218 15 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 218 16 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 218 17 can can MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 218 18 see see VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 218 19 if if IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 218 20 something something NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 218 21 nonetheless nonetheless RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 218 22 varies vary VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 218 23 according accord VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 218 24 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 218 25 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 218 26 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 218 27 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 219 1 Column column NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 219 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 219 3 2 2 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 219 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 219 5 shows show VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 219 6 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 219 7 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 219 8 tests test NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 219 9 always always RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 219 10 reject reject VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 219 11 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 219 12 null null JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 219 13 hypothesis hypothesis NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 219 14 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 219 15 indicating indicate VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 219 16 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 219 17 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 219 18 still still RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 219 19 vary vary VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 219 20 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 219 21 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 219 22 dimension dimension NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 219 23 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 219 24 once once IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 219 25 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 219 26 fixed fix VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 219 27 effects effect NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 219 28 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 219 29 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 219 30 other other JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 219 31 two two CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 219 32 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 219 33 removed remove VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 219 34 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 220 1 In in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 220 2 another another DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 220 3 case case NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 220 4 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 220 5 shown show VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 220 6 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 220 7 Column Column NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 220 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 220 9 3 3 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 220 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 220 11 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 220 12 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 220 13 repeated repeat VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 220 14 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 220 15 ANOVA ANOVA NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 220 16 exercise exercise NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 220 17 using use VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 220 18 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 220 19 ratio ratio NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 220 20 instead instead RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 220 21 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 220 22 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 220 23 difference difference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 220 24 between between IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 220 25 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 220 26 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 220 27 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 220 28 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 220 29 average average JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 220 30 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 220 31 paid pay VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 220 32 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 221 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 221 2 purpose purpose NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 221 3 here here RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 221 4 was be VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 221 5 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 221 6 see see VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 221 7 if if IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 221 8 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 221 9 after after IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 221 10 removing remove VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 221 11 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 221 12 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 221 13 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 221 14 supplier supplier NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 221 15 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 221 16 specific specific JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 221 17 multiplicative multiplicative JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 221 18 fixed fix VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 221 19 effects effect NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 221 20 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 221 21 there there EX cord-255762-qd6fht8y 221 22 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 221 23 still still RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 221 24 something something NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 221 25 that that WDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 221 26 varies vary VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 221 27 according accord VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 221 28 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 221 29 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 221 30 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 221 31 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 222 1 This this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 222 2 evidence evidence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 222 3 suggests suggest VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 222 4 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 222 5 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 222 6 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 222 7 determined determine VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 222 8 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 222 9 all all PDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 222 10 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 222 11 three three CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 222 12 dimensions dimension NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 222 13 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 222 14 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 222 15 identifying identify VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 222 16 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 222 17 contribution contribution NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 222 18 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 222 19 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 222 20 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 222 21 possible possible JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 222 22 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 223 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 223 2 results result NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 223 3 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 223 4 also also RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 223 5 confirmed confirm VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 223 6 using use VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 223 7 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 223 8 non non JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 223 9 - - JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 223 10 parametric parametric JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 223 11 Kruskal Kruskal NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 223 12 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 223 13 Wallis Wallis NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 223 14 test test NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 223 15 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 223 16 place place NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 223 17 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 223 18 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 223 19 ANOVA ANOVA NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 223 20 test test NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 223 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 223 22 output output NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 223 23 available available JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 223 24 upon upon IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 223 25 request request NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 223 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 223 27 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 224 1 Note note VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 224 2 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 225 1 " " '' cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 1 Price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 2 -avg -avg : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 3 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 4 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 5 " " '' cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 6 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 7 " " `` cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 8 Price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 9 / / SYM cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 10 avg avg NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 11 . . NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 12 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 13 " " '' cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 14 respectively respectively RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 15 subtract subtract VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 16 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 17 divide divide VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 18 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 19 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 20 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 21 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 22 average average NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 23 over over IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 24 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 25 two two CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 26 remaining remain VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 27 dimensions dimension NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 29 e.g. e.g. IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 30 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 31 average average NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 32 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 33 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 34 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 35 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 36 average average NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 37 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 38 supplier supplier NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 39 when when WRB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 40 running run VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 41 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 42 test test NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 43 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 44 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 45 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 46 dimension dimension NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 48 ; ; : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 49 p p NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 50 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 51 values value NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 52 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 53 squared squared JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 54 parentheses parenthesis NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 226 55 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 227 1 For for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 227 2 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 227 3 second second JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 227 4 task task NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 227 5 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 227 6 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 227 7 standard standard JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 227 8 approximation approximation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 227 9 requires require VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 227 10 unit unit NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 227 11 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 227 12 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 227 13 be be VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 227 14 explained explain VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 227 15 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 227 16 costs cost NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 227 17 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 227 18 quantities quantity NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 227 19 purchased purchase VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 227 20 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 227 21 measures measure NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 227 22 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 227 23 market market NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 227 24 power power NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 227 25 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 228 1 As as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 228 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 228 3 run run VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 228 4 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 228 5 analysis analysis NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 228 6 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 228 7 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 228 8 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 228 9 grouped group VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 228 10 into into IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 228 11 classes class NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 228 12 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 228 13 functionally functionally RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 228 14 homogeneous homogeneous JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 228 15 products product NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 228 16 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 228 17 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 228 18 vector vector NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 228 19 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 228 20 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 228 21 dummies dummy NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 228 22 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 228 23 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 228 24 good good JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 228 25 proxy proxy NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 228 26 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 228 27 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 228 28 costs cost NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 228 29 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 229 1 Quantities quantity NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 229 2 purchased purchase VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 229 3 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 229 4 used use VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 229 5 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 229 6 control control VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 229 7 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 229 8 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 229 9 presence presence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 229 10 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 229 11 economies economy NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 229 12 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 229 13 scale scale NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 229 14 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 230 1 To to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 230 2 consider consider VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 230 3 market market NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 230 4 power power NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 230 5 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 230 6 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 230 7 take take VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 230 8 two two CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 230 9 variables variable NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 230 10 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 230 11 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 230 12 number number NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 230 13 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 230 14 different different JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 230 15 suppliers supplier NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 230 16 recorded record VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 230 17 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 230 18 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 230 19 dataset dataset NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 230 20 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 230 21 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 230 22 category category NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 230 23 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 230 24 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 230 25 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 230 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 230 27 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 230 28 account account VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 230 29 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 230 30 potential potential JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 230 31 competition competition NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 230 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 230 33 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 230 34 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 230 35 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 230 36 number number NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 230 37 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 230 38 bidders bidder NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 230 39 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 230 40 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 230 41 auction auction NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 230 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 230 43 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 230 44 account account VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 230 45 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 230 46 actual actual JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 230 47 competition competition NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 230 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 230 49 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 231 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 231 2 also also RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 231 3 incorporate incorporate VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 231 4 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 231 5 dummy dummy NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 231 6 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 231 7 FPAs fpa NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 231 8 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 231 9 which which WDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 231 10 generally generally RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 231 11 have have VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 231 12 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 231 13 larger large JJR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 231 14 number number NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 231 15 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 231 16 bidders bidder NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 231 17 than than IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 231 18 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 231 19 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 231 20 case case NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 231 21 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 231 22 direct direct JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 231 23 negotiations negotiation NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 231 24 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 232 1 Using use VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 232 2 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 232 3 linear linear JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 232 4 regression regression NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 232 5 model model NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 232 6 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 232 7 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 232 8 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 232 9 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 232 10 dummies dummy NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 232 11 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 232 12 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 232 13 number number NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 232 14 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 232 15 suppliers supplier NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 232 16 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 232 17 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 232 18 bidders bidder NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 232 19 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 232 20 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 232 21 find find VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 232 22 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 232 23 59 59 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 232 24 % % NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 232 25 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 232 26 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 232 27 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 232 28 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 232 29 dummies dummy NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 232 30 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 232 31 significant significant JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 232 32 at at IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 232 33 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 232 34 5 5 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 232 35 % % NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 232 36 significance significance NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 232 37 level level NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 232 38 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 232 39 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 232 40 R r NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 232 41 2 2 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 232 42 = = SYM cord-255762-qd6fht8y 232 43 0.31 0.31 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 232 44 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 233 1 With with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 233 2 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 233 3 use use NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 233 4 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 233 5 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 233 6 log log NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 233 7 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 233 8 log log NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 233 9 model model NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 233 10 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 233 11 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 233 12 fit fit JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 233 13 increases increase NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 233 14 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 233 15 R r NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 233 16 2 2 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 233 17 = = SYM cord-255762-qd6fht8y 233 18 0.89 0.89 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 233 19 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 233 20 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 233 21 87 87 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 233 22 % % NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 233 23 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 233 24 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 233 25 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 233 26 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 233 27 dummies dummy NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 233 28 being be VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 233 29 significant significant JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 233 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 233 31 see see VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 233 32 Columns Columns NNPS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 233 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 233 34 1 1 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 233 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 233 36 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 233 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 233 38 2 2 LS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 233 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 233 40 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 233 41 Table Table NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 233 42 3 3 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 233 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 233 44 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 234 1 This this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 234 2 suggests suggest VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 234 3 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 234 4 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 234 5 log log NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 234 6 transformation transformation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 234 7 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 234 8 better well RBR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 234 9 suited suited JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 234 10 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 234 11 describe describe VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 234 12 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 234 13 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 235 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 235 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 235 3 F F NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 235 4 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 235 5 tests test NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 235 6 strongly strongly RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 235 7 reject reject VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 235 8 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 235 9 hypothesis hypothesis NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 235 10 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 235 11 all all DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 235 12 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 235 13 dummy dummy JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 235 14 coefficients coefficient NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 235 15 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 235 16 equal equal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 235 17 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 236 1 Moving move VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 236 2 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 236 3 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 236 4 fixed fix VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 236 5 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 236 6 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 236 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 236 8 FE FE NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 236 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 236 10 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 236 11 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 236 12 random random JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 236 13 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 236 14 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 236 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 236 16 RE RE NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 236 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 236 18 model model NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 236 19 has have VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 236 20 no no DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 236 21 relevant relevant JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 236 22 impact impact NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 236 23 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 236 24 these these DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 236 25 results result NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 236 26 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 237 1 Variables variable NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 237 2 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 237 3 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 237 4 number number NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 237 5 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 237 6 bidders bidder NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 237 7 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 237 8 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 237 9 awarding awarding NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 237 10 mechanism mechanism NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 237 11 may may MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 237 12 be be VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 237 13 affected affect VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 237 14 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 237 15 endogeneity endogeneity NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 237 16 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 238 1 Columns column NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 238 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 238 3 3 3 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 238 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 238 5 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 238 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 238 7 4 4 LS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 238 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 238 9 replicate replicate VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 238 10 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 238 11 two two CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 238 12 previous previous JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 238 13 analyses analysis NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 238 14 without without IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 238 15 including include VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 238 16 these these DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 238 17 variables variable NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 238 18 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 238 19 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 238 20 specification specification NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 238 21 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 239 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 239 2 log log NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 239 3 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 239 4 log log NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 239 5 model model NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 239 6 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 239 7 still still RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 239 8 largely largely RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 239 9 preferable preferable JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 239 10 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 239 11 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 239 12 linear linear JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 239 13 model model NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 239 14 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 240 1 In in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 240 2 what what WP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 240 3 follows follow VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 240 4 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 240 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 240 6 stick stick VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 240 7 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 240 8 FE FE NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 240 9 regressions regression NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 240 10 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 240 11 log log NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 240 12 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 240 13 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 240 14 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 240 15 dependent dependent JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 240 16 variable variable NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 240 17 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 241 1 Finally finally RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 241 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 241 3 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 241 4 Column column NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 241 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 241 6 5 5 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 241 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 241 8 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 241 9 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 241 10 use use VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 241 11 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 241 12 log log NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 241 13 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 241 14 log log NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 241 15 model model NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 241 16 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 241 17 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 241 18 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 241 19 quantities quantity NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 241 20 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 241 21 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 241 22 dummies dummy NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 241 23 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 241 24 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 241 25 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 241 26 quantity quantity NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 241 27 interactions interaction NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 241 28 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 241 29 control control VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 241 30 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 241 31 potential potential JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 241 32 economies economy NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 241 33 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 241 34 scale scale NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 241 35 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 241 36 allowing allow VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 241 37 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 241 38 dummies dummy NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 241 39 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 241 40 interact interact VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 241 41 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 241 42 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 241 43 quantities quantity NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 241 44 purchased purchase VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 241 45 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 242 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 242 2 fit fit NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 242 3 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 242 4 high high JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 242 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 242 6 R r NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 242 7 2 2 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 242 8 = = SYM cord-255762-qd6fht8y 242 9 0.90 0.90 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 242 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 242 11 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 242 12 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 242 13 would would MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 242 14 find find VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 242 15 almost almost RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 242 16 no no DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 242 17 variation variation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 242 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 242 19 R r NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 242 20 2 2 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 242 21 = = SYM cord-255762-qd6fht8y 242 22 0.88 0.88 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 242 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 242 24 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 242 25 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 242 26 same same JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 242 27 specification specification NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 242 28 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 242 29 removing remove VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 242 30 quantity quantity NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 242 31 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 242 32 quantity quantity NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 242 33 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 242 34 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 242 35 interactions interaction NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 242 36 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 243 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 243 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 243 3 91 91 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 243 4 % % NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 243 5 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 243 6 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 243 7 log log NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 243 8 quantity quantity NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 243 9 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 243 10 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 243 11 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 243 12 dummy dummy NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 243 13 interactions interaction NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 243 14 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 243 15 not not RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 243 16 significant significant JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 243 17 at at IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 243 18 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 243 19 5 5 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 243 20 % % NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 243 21 significance significance NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 243 22 level level NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 243 23 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 244 1 Similar similar JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 244 2 results result NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 244 3 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 244 4 obtained obtain VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 244 5 using use VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 244 6 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 244 7 linear linear JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 244 8 regression regression NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 244 9 model model NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 244 10 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 245 1 Hence hence RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 245 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 245 3 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 245 4 analysis analysis NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 245 5 suggests suggest VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 245 6 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 245 7 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 245 8 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 245 9 dataset dataset NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 245 10 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 245 11 no no DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 245 12 economies economy NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 245 13 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 245 14 scale scale NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 245 15 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 245 16 present present JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 245 17 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 245 18 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 245 19 levels level NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 245 20 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 245 21 quantity quantity NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 245 22 purchased purchase VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 245 23 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 245 24 PBs pb NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 245 25 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 1 3 3 LS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 2 Theoretical theoretical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 3 framework framework NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 4 3.1 3.1 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 5 Definition definition NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 6 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 7 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 8 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 9 's 's POS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 10 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 11 Consider consider VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 12 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 13 market market NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 14 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 15 which which WDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 16 − − NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 17 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 18 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 19 demand demand NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 20 side side NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 21 − − NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 22 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 23 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 24 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 25 h h NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 26 ∈ ∈ NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 27 { { -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 28 1 1 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 29 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 30 H H NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 31 } } -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 32 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 33 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 34 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 35 charge charge NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 36 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 37 managing manage VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 38 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 39 purchase purchase NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 40 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 41 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 42 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 43 − − CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 44 such such JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 45 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 46 hypodermic hypodermic NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 47 needles needle NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 48 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 49 syringes syrinx NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 50 − − NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 51 belonging belong VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 52 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 53 class class NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 54 d d NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 55 ∈ ∈ NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 56 { { -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 57 1 1 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 58 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 59 D D NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 60 } } -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 246 61 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 247 1 22 22 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 248 1 On on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 248 2 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 248 3 supply supply NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 248 4 side side NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 248 5 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 248 6 there there EX cord-255762-qd6fht8y 248 7 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 248 8 S S NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 248 9 suppliers supplier NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 248 10 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 248 11 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 248 12 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 248 13 supplier supplier NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 248 14 s s NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 248 15 ∈ ∈ NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 248 16 { { -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 248 17 1 1 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 248 18 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 248 19 S S NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 248 20 } } -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 248 21 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 248 22 willing willing JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 248 23 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 248 24 sell sell VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 248 25 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 248 26 requested request VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 248 27 quantity quantity NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 248 28 q q NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 248 29 dh dh NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 248 30 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 249 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 249 2 assume assume VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 249 3 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 249 4 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 249 5 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 249 6 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 249 7 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 249 8 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 249 9 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 249 10 class class NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 249 11 d d NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 249 12 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 249 13 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 249 14 supplier supplier NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 249 15 's 's POS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 249 16 profit profit NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 249 17 function function NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 249 18 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 249 19 π π NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 249 20 ds ds NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 249 21 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 249 22 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 249 23 constant constant JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 249 24 return return NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 249 25 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 249 26 scale scale NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 249 27 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 249 28 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 249 29 given give VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 249 30 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 249 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 249 32 1 1 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 249 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 249 34 22 22 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 250 1 According accord VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 250 2 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 250 3 Italian italian JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 250 4 law law NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 250 5 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 250 6 requests request NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 250 7 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 250 8 procure procure VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 250 9 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 250 10 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 250 11 can can MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 250 12 not not RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 250 13 refer refer VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 250 14 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 250 15 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 250 16 specific specific JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 250 17 brand brand NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 250 18 existing exist VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 250 19 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 250 20 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 250 21 market market NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 250 22 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 250 23 so so IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 250 24 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 250 25 not not RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 250 26 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 250 27 favour favour VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 250 28 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 250 29 specific specific JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 250 30 supplier supplier NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 250 31 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 251 1 Requests request NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 251 2 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 251 3 limited limit VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 251 4 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 251 5 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 251 6 detailed detailed JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 251 7 technical technical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 251 8 description description NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 251 9 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 251 10 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 251 11 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 251 12 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 251 13 required require VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 251 14 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 252 1 Note note VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 252 2 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 253 1 Robust robust JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 253 2 standard standard JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 253 3 errors error NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 253 4 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 253 5 Columns column NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 253 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 253 7 1)-(4 1)-(4 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 253 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 253 9 ; ; : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 253 10 clustered clustered JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 253 11 standard standard JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 253 12 errors error NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 253 13 using use VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 253 14 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 253 15 ID ID NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 253 16 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 253 17 Column Column NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 253 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 253 19 5 5 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 253 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 253 21 ; ; : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 254 1 * * NFP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 254 2 * * NFP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 254 3 * * NFP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 254 4 p p XX cord-255762-qd6fht8y 254 5 < < XX cord-255762-qd6fht8y 254 6 0.01 0.01 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 254 7 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 255 1 * * NFP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 255 2 * * NFP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 255 3 < < XX cord-255762-qd6fht8y 255 4 0.05 0.05 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 255 5 , , . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 256 1 * * NFP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 256 2 p p XX cord-255762-qd6fht8y 256 3 < < XX cord-255762-qd6fht8y 256 4 0.1 0.1 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 256 5 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 257 1 where where WRB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 257 2 p p NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 257 3 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 257 4 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 257 5 awarding awarding NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 257 6 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 257 7 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 257 8 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 257 9 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 257 10 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 257 11 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 257 12 c c NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 257 13 d d NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 257 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 257 15 · · NFP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 257 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 257 17 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 257 18 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 257 19 cost cost NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 257 20 function function NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 257 21 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 257 22 produce produce VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 257 23 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 257 24 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 257 25 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 257 26 d d NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 257 27 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 257 28 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 257 29 θ θ NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 257 30 s s NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 257 31 ∈ ∈ NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 257 32 θ θ NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 257 33 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 257 34 θ θ NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 257 35 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 257 36 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 257 37 supplier supplier NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 257 38 type type NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 257 39 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 257 40 known know VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 257 41 only only RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 257 42 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 257 43 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 257 44 supplier supplier NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 257 45 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 258 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 258 2 assume assume VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 258 3 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 258 4 θ θ NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 258 5 s s NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 258 6 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 258 7 distributed distribute VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 258 8 according accord VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 258 9 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 258 10 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 258 11 cumulative cumulative JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 258 12 distribution distribution NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 258 13 function function NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 258 14 F F NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 258 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 258 16 θ θ NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 258 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 258 18 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 258 19 which which WDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 258 20 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 258 21 common common JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 258 22 knowledge knowledge NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 258 23 amongst amongst IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 258 24 suppliers supplier NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 258 25 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 258 26 not not RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 258 27 observed observe VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 258 28 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 258 29 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 258 30 econometrician econometrician NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 258 31 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 259 1 Assuming assume VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 259 2 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 259 3 cost cost NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 259 4 function function NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 259 5 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 259 6 unidimensional unidimensional JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 259 7 private private JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 259 8 information information NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 259 9 θ θ NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 259 10 s s NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 259 11 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 259 12 no no DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 259 13 economies economy NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 259 14 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 259 15 scale scale NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 259 16 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 259 17 means mean VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 259 18 it -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 259 19 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 259 20 possible possible JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 259 21 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 259 22 use use VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 259 23 unit unit NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 259 24 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 259 25 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 259 26 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 259 27 presence presence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 259 28 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 259 29 lots lot NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 259 30 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 260 1 In in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 260 2 other other JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 260 3 words word NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 260 4 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 260 5 no no DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 260 6 cross cross NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 260 7 - - NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 260 8 subsidisation subsidisation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 260 9 between between IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 260 10 different different JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 260 11 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 260 12 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 260 13 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 260 14 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 260 15 same same JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 260 16 lot lot NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 260 17 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 260 18 allowed allow VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 260 19 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 261 1 Finally finally RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 261 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 261 3 some some DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 261 4 suppliers supplier NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 261 5 may may MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 261 6 not not RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 261 7 be be VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 261 8 active active JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 261 9 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 261 10 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 261 11 specific specific JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 261 12 tender tender NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 261 13 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 262 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 262 2 define define VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 262 3 N N NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 262 4 dh dh NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 262 5 ≤ ≤ NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 262 6 S S NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 262 7 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 262 8 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 262 9 number number NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 262 10 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 262 11 active active JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 262 12 suppliers supplier NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 262 13 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 262 14 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 262 15 specific specific JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 262 16 tender tender NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 262 17 managed manage VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 262 18 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 262 19 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 262 20 local local JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 262 21 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 262 22 h h NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 262 23 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 262 24 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 262 25 class class NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 262 26 d d NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 262 27 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 262 28 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 262 29 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 262 30 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 263 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 263 2 observed observed JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 263 3 unit unit NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 263 4 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 263 5 paid pay VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 263 6 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 263 7 p p NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 263 8 dhs dhs NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 263 9 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 263 10 can can MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 263 11 be be VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 263 12 written write VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 263 13 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 263 14 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 263 15 sum sum NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 263 16 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 263 17 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 263 18 supplier supplier NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 263 19 's 's POS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 263 20 marginal marginal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 263 21 cost cost NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 263 22 c c NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 263 23 ds ds NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 263 24 = = SYM cord-255762-qd6fht8y 263 25 c c NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 263 26 d d NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 263 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 263 28 θ θ NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 263 29 s s NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 263 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 263 31 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 263 32 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 263 33 mark mark NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 263 34 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 263 35 up up RP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 263 36 µ µ NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 263 37 dhs dhs NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 263 38 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 263 39 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 263 40 follows follow VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 263 41 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 264 1 When when WRB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 264 2 standard standard JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 264 3 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 264 4 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 264 5 purchased purchase VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 264 6 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 264 7 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 264 8 aim aim NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 264 9 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 264 10 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 264 11 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 264 12 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 264 13 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 264 14 buy buy VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 264 15 them -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 264 16 at at IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 264 17 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 264 18 lowest low JJS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 264 19 possible possible JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 264 20 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 264 21 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 265 1 Under under IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 265 2 full full JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 265 3 information information NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 265 4 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 265 5 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 265 6 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 265 7 utility utility NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 265 8 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 265 9 then then RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 265 10 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 265 11 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 265 12 marginal marginal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 265 13 cost cost NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 265 14 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 265 15 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 265 16 most most RBS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 265 17 efficient efficient JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 265 18 supplier supplier NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 265 19 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 266 1 To to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 266 2 maximise maximise VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 266 3 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 266 4 utility utility NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 266 5 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 266 6 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 266 7 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 266 8 needs need VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 266 9 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 266 10 both both DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 266 11 award award VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 266 12 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 266 13 contract contract NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 266 14 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 266 15 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 266 16 most most RBS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 266 17 efficient efficient JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 266 18 supplier supplier NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 266 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 266 20 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 266 21 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 266 22 lowest low JJS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 266 23 marginal marginal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 266 24 cost cost NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 266 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 266 26 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 266 27 obtain obtain VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 266 28 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 266 29 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 266 30 as as RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 266 31 close close JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 266 32 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 266 33 possible possible JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 266 34 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 266 35 that that DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 266 36 supplier supplier NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 266 37 's 's POS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 266 38 marginal marginal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 266 39 cost cost NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 266 40 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 267 1 However however RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 267 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 267 3 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 267 4 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 267 5 realistic realistic JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 267 6 framework framework NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 267 7 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 267 8 several several JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 267 9 elements element NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 267 10 might may MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 267 11 prevent prevent VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 267 12 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 267 13 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 267 14 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 267 15 obtaining obtain VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 267 16 this this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 267 17 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 267 18 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 267 19 some some DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 267 20 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 267 21 them -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 267 22 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 267 23 exogenous exogenous JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 267 24 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 267 25 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 267 26 choices choice NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 267 27 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 267 28 whereas whereas IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 267 29 others other NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 267 30 can can MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 267 31 be be VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 267 32 totally totally RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 267 33 or or CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 267 34 partially partially RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 267 35 controlled control VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 267 36 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 267 37 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 267 38 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 267 39 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 268 1 In in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 268 2 order order NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 268 3 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 268 4 investigate investigate VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 268 5 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 268 6 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 268 7 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 268 8 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 268 9 purchasing purchasing NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 268 10 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 268 11 different different JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 268 12 classes class NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 268 13 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 268 14 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 268 15 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 268 16 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 268 17 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 268 18 need need VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 268 19 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 268 20 set set VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 268 21 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 268 22 benchmark benchmark JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 268 23 supplier supplier NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 268 24 s s NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 268 25 = = SYM cord-255762-qd6fht8y 268 26 0 0 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 268 27 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 268 28 marginal marginal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 268 29 costs cost NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 268 30 c c NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 268 31 d0 d0 NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 268 32 = = SYM cord-255762-qd6fht8y 268 33 c c NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 268 34 d d NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 268 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 268 36 θ θ NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 268 37 0 0 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 268 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 268 39 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 269 1 Defining define VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 269 2 Ψ Ψ NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 269 3 dhs dhs NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 269 4 = = NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 270 1 µ µ NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 270 2 dhs dhs NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 270 3 + + CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 270 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 270 5 c c NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 270 6 ds ds NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 270 7 − − NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 270 8 c c NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 270 9 d0 d0 NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 270 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 270 11 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 270 12 Equation equation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 270 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 270 14 2 2 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 270 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 270 16 can can MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 270 17 then then RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 270 18 be be VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 270 19 rewritten rewrite VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 270 20 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 270 21 follows follow VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 270 22 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 271 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 271 2 define define VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 271 3 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 271 4 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 271 5 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 271 6 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 271 7 persistent persistent JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 271 8 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 271 9 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 271 10 Ψ Ψ NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 271 11 dhs dhs NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 271 12 recorded record VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 271 13 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 271 14 all all PDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 271 15 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 271 16 tenders tender NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 271 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 271 18 i.e. i.e. FW cord-255762-qd6fht8y 271 19 FPAs fpas NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 271 20 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 271 21 direct direct JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 271 22 negotiations negotiation NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 271 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 271 24 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 271 25 procure procure VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 271 26 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 271 27 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 271 28 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 272 1 This this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 272 2 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 272 3 refers refer VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 272 4 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 272 5 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 272 6 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 272 7 choice choice NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 272 8 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 272 9 awarding award VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 272 10 mechanism mechanism NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 272 11 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 272 12 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 272 13 definition definition NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 272 14 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 272 15 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 272 16 reserve reserve NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 272 17 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 272 18 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 272 19 collecting collect VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 272 20 information information NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 272 21 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 272 22 supplier supplier NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 272 23 cost cost NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 272 24 structures structure NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 272 25 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 272 26 inviting invite VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 272 27 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 272 28 best good JJS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 272 29 suppliers supplier NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 272 30 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 272 31 take take VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 272 32 part part NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 272 33 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 272 34 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 272 35 tender tender NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 272 36 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 272 37 among among IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 272 38 other other JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 272 39 factors factor NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 272 40 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 273 1 According accord VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 273 2 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 273 3 Equation equation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 273 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 273 5 3 3 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 273 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 273 7 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 273 8 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 273 9 higher high JJR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 273 10 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 273 11 persistent persistent JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 273 12 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 273 13 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 273 14 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 273 15 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 273 16 higher high JJR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 273 17 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 273 18 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 273 19 paid pay VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 273 20 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 273 21 average average JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 273 22 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 273 23 these these DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 273 24 PBs PBs NNPS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 273 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 273 26 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 273 27 lower low JJR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 273 28 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 273 29 utility utility NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 273 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 273 31 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 273 32 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 273 33 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 273 34 lower low JJR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 273 35 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 273 36 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 273 37 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 273 38 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 273 39 managing manage VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 273 40 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 273 41 procurement procurement NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 273 42 process process NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 273 43 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 274 1 To to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 274 2 estimate estimate VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 274 3 this this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 274 4 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 274 5 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 274 6 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 274 7 assume assume VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 274 8 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 274 9 Ψ Ψ NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 274 10 dhs dhs NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 274 11 can can MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 274 12 be be VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 274 13 broken break VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 274 14 down down RP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 274 15 into into IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 274 16 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 274 17 PB pb NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 274 18 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 274 19 specific specific JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 274 20 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 274 21 γ γ NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 274 22 h h NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 274 23 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 274 24 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 274 25 residual residual JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 274 26 component component NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 274 27 γ γ NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 274 28 ds ds NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 274 29 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 275 1 Assuming assume VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 275 2 linear linear JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 275 3 separability separability NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 276 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 276 2 i.e. i.e. FW cord-255762-qd6fht8y 276 3 Ψ Ψ NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 276 4 dhs dhs NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 276 5 = = SYM cord-255762-qd6fht8y 276 6 γ γ NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 276 7 h h NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 276 8 + + CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 276 9 γ γ NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 276 10 ds ds NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 276 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 276 12 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 276 13 means mean VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 276 14 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 276 15 γ γ NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 276 16 h h NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 276 17 can can MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 276 18 be be VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 276 19 estimated estimate VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 276 20 consistently consistently RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 276 21 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 276 22 Equation equation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 276 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 276 24 3 3 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 276 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 276 26 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 276 27 using use VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 276 28 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 276 29 regression regression NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 276 30 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 276 31 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 276 32 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 276 33 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 276 34 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 276 35 ' ' POS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 276 36 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 276 37 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 276 38 FEs FEs NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 276 39 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 277 1 In in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 277 2 this this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 277 3 case case NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 277 4 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 277 5 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 277 6 choice choice NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 277 7 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 277 8 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 277 9 benchmark benchmark JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 277 10 supplier supplier NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 277 11 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 277 12 irrelevant irrelevant JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 277 13 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 277 14 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 277 15 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 277 16 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 277 17 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 277 18 captured capture VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 277 19 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 277 20 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 277 21 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 277 22 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 277 23 ' ' POS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 277 24 FEs FEs NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 277 25 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 278 1 However however RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 278 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 278 3 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 278 4 preliminary preliminary JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 278 5 analysis analysis NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 278 6 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 278 7 Sub sub NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 278 8 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 278 9 section section NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 278 10 2.3 2.3 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 278 11 suggests suggest VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 278 12 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 278 13 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 278 14 log log NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 278 15 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 278 16 log log NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 278 17 structure structure NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 278 18 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 278 19 hence hence RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 278 20 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 278 21 multiplicative multiplicative JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 278 22 separability separability NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 278 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 278 24 i.e. i.e. FW cord-255762-qd6fht8y 278 25 Ψ ψ NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 279 1 dhs dhs NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 279 2 = = SYM cord-255762-qd6fht8y 279 3 γ γ NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 279 4 h h NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 279 5 γ γ NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 279 6 ds ds NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 279 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 279 8 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 279 9 better well JJR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 279 10 fits fit VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 279 11 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 279 12 data datum NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 279 13 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 280 1 Accordingly accordingly RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 280 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 280 3 Equation equation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 280 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 280 5 3 3 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 280 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 280 7 can can MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 280 8 be be VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 280 9 rewritten rewrite VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 280 10 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 280 11 follows follow VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 280 12 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 280 13 ln(Ψ ln(Ψ NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 280 14 dhs dhs NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 280 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 280 16 = = NFP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 281 1 ln(p ln(p NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 281 2 dhs dhs NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 281 3 − − NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 281 4 c c NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 281 5 d0 d0 NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 281 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 282 1 = = NFP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 282 2 ln(γ ln(γ NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 282 3 h h NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 282 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 282 5 + + CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 282 6 ln(γ ln(γ NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 282 7 ds ds NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 282 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 283 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 283 2 4 4 LS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 283 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 283 4 thus thus RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 283 5 requiring require VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 283 6 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 283 7 structural structural JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 283 8 estimation estimation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 283 9 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 283 10 marginal marginal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 283 11 costs cost NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 283 12 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 283 13 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 283 14 careful careful JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 283 15 choice choice NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 283 16 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 283 17 c c NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 283 18 d0 d0 NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 283 19 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 284 1 In in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 284 2 Sub sub NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 284 3 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 284 4 section section NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 284 5 3.2 3.2 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 284 6 below below RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 284 7 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 284 8 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 284 9 focus focus VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 284 10 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 284 11 how how WRB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 284 12 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 284 13 derive derive VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 284 14 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 284 15 benchmark benchmark JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 284 16 marginal marginal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 284 17 cost cost NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 284 18 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 284 19 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 284 20 class class NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 284 21 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 284 22 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 284 23 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 284 24 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 284 25 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 284 26 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 284 27 Section section NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 284 28 4 4 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 284 29 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 284 30 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 284 31 estimate estimate VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 284 32 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 284 33 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 284 34 FE FE NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 284 35 γ γ NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 284 36 h h NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 284 37 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 285 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 285 2 then then RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 285 3 explore explore VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 285 4 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 285 5 correlation correlation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 285 6 between between IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 285 7 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 285 8 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 285 9 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 285 10 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 285 11 balance balance NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 285 12 sheet sheet NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 285 13 data datum NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 285 14 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 286 1 Following follow VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 286 2 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 286 3 methodology methodology NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 286 4 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 286 5 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 286 6 seminal seminal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 286 7 work work NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 286 8 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 286 9 Guerre Guerre NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 286 10 et et FW cord-255762-qd6fht8y 286 11 al al NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 286 12 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 287 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 287 2 2000 2000 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 287 3 ; ; : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 287 4 henceforth henceforth RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 287 5 GPV GPV NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 287 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 287 7 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 287 8 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 287 9 use use VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 287 10 only only RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 287 11 FPA FPA NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 287 12 observations observation NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 287 13 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 287 14 estimate estimate VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 287 15 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 287 16 marginal marginal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 287 17 cost cost NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 287 18 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 287 19 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 287 20 class class NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 287 21 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 287 22 awarded award VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 287 23 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 287 24 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 287 25 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 288 1 23 23 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 289 1 In in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 289 2 so so RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 289 3 doing do VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 289 4 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 289 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 289 6 implement implement VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 289 7 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 289 8 GPV GPV NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 289 9 approach approach NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 289 10 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 289 11 three three CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 289 12 main main JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 289 13 changes change NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 289 14 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 290 1 First first RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 290 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 290 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 290 4 account account VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 290 5 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 290 6 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 290 7 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 290 8 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 290 9 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 290 10 dataset dataset NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 290 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 290 12 see see VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 290 13 Sub sub NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 290 14 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 290 15 section section NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 290 16 3.2.1 3.2.1 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 290 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 290 18 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 291 1 Second second RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 291 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 291 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 291 4 adapt adapt VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 291 5 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 291 6 GPV GPV NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 291 7 methodology methodology NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 291 8 developed develop VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 291 9 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 291 10 direct direct JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 291 11 auctions auction NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 291 12 -where -where RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 292 1 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 292 2 highest high JJS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 292 3 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 292 4 wins win VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 292 5 -to -to ADD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 292 6 procurement procurement NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 292 7 auctions auction NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 292 8 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 292 9 where where WRB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 292 10 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 292 11 lowest low JJS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 292 12 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 292 13 wins win NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 292 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 292 15 see see VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 292 16 Sub sub NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 292 17 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 292 18 section section NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 292 19 3.2.2 3.2.2 NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 292 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 292 21 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 293 1 Finally finally RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 293 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 293 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 293 4 extend extend VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 293 5 GPV GPV NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 293 6 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 293 7 consider consider VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 293 8 sealed seal VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 293 9 bid bid NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 293 10 auctions auction NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 293 11 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 293 12 which which WDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 293 13 bidders bidder NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 293 14 do do VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 293 15 not not RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 293 16 directly directly RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 293 17 observe observe VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 293 18 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 293 19 competitors competitor NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 293 20 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 293 21 i.e. i.e. FW cord-255762-qd6fht8y 293 22 they -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 293 23 may may MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 293 24 receive receive VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 293 25 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 293 26 noisy noisy JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 293 27 signal signal NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 293 28 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 293 29 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 293 30 level level NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 293 31 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 293 32 competition competition NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 293 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 293 34 see see VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 293 35 Appendix Appendix NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 293 36 A.2 a.2 NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 293 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 293 38 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 294 1 Medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 294 2 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 294 3 include include VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 294 4 different different JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 294 5 goods good NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 294 6 -bandages -bandage NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 294 7 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 294 8 syringes syrinx NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 294 9 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 294 10 etc etc FW cord-255762-qd6fht8y 294 11 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 295 1 -which -which JJS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 295 2 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 295 3 categorised categorise VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 295 4 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 295 5 class class NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 295 6 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 296 1 Unfortunately unfortunately RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 296 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 296 3 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 296 4 number number NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 296 5 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 296 6 observations observation NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 296 7 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 296 8 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 296 9 dataset dataset NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 296 10 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 296 11 too too RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 296 12 small small JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 296 13 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 296 14 compute compute VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 296 15 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 296 16 conditional conditional JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 296 17 distribution distribution NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 296 18 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 296 19 bids bid NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 296 20 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 296 21 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 296 22 class class NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 296 23 d. d. NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 1 To to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 2 address address VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 3 this this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 4 issue issue NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 5 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 6 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 7 line line NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 8 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 9 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 10 preliminary preliminary JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 11 evidence evidence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 12 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 13 Sub sub NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 14 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 15 section section NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 16 2.3 2.3 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 17 suggesting suggest VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 18 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 19 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 20 log log NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 21 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 22 transformed transform VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 23 model model NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 24 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 25 well well RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 26 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 27 suited suit VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 28 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 29 describing describe VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 30 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 31 data datum NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 32 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 33 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 34 assume assume VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 35 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 36 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 37 bidder bidder NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 38 's 's POS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 39 private private JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 40 evaluation evaluation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 42 i.e. i.e. FW cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 43 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 44 marginal marginal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 45 cost cost NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 47 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 48 multiplicatively multiplicatively RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 49 separable separable JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 50 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 51 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 52 supplier supplier NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 53 type type NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 54 θ θ NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 55 s s NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 56 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 57 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 58 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 59 technological technological JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 60 parameter parameter NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 61 α α NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 62 d d NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 63 specific specific JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 64 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 65 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 66 class class NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 67 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 68 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 69 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 297 70 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 298 1 This this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 298 2 separability separability NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 298 3 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 298 4 preserved preserve VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 298 5 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 298 6 equilibrium equilibrium NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 298 7 bidding bidding NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 298 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 298 9 Haile Haile NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 298 10 et et NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 298 11 al al NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 298 12 . . NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 298 13 2003 2003 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 298 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 298 15 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 299 1 For for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 299 2 example example NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 299 3 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 299 4 suppose suppose VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 299 5 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 299 6 marginal marginal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 299 7 cost cost NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 299 8 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 299 9 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 299 10 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 299 11 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 299 12 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 299 13 class class NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 299 14 d d NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 299 15 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 299 16 twice twice PDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 299 17 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 299 18 marginal marginal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 299 19 cost cost NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 299 20 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 299 21 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 299 22 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 299 23 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 299 24 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 299 25 class class NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 299 26 d d NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 299 27 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 299 28 then then RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 299 29 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 299 30 same same JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 299 31 ratio ratio NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 299 32 between between IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 299 33 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 299 34 marginal marginal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 299 35 costs cost NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 299 36 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 299 37 d d NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 299 38 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 299 39 d d NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 299 40 applies apply VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 299 41 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 299 42 all all DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 299 43 suppliers supplier NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 299 44 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 300 1 In in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 300 2 this this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 300 3 case case NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 300 4 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 300 5 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 300 6 equilibrium equilibrium NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 300 7 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 300 8 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 300 9 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 300 10 supplier supplier NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 300 11 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 300 12 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 300 13 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 300 14 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 300 15 d d NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 300 16 will will MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 300 17 be be VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 300 18 twice twice PDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 300 19 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 300 20 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 300 21 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 300 22 d d NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 300 23 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 301 1 Accordingly accordingly RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 301 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 301 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 301 4 assume assume VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 301 5 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 301 6 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 301 7 an an DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 301 8 auction auction NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 301 9 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 301 10 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 301 11 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 301 12 d d NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 301 13 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 301 14 marginal marginal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 301 15 costs cost NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 301 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 301 17 i.e. i.e. FW cord-255762-qd6fht8y 301 18 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 301 19 bidders bidder NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 301 20 ' ' POS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 301 21 private private JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 301 22 values value NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 301 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 301 24 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 301 25 given give VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 301 26 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 301 27 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 301 28 following following JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 301 29 equation equation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 301 30 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 301 31 where where WRB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 301 32 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 301 33 bidder bidder NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 301 34 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 301 35 specific specific JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 301 36 private private JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 301 37 information information NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 302 1 θ θ NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 302 2 s s NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 302 3 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 302 4 independent independent JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 302 5 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 302 6 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 302 7 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 302 8 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 302 9 category category NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 302 10 parameter parameter NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 302 11 α α NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 302 12 d d NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 302 13 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 303 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 303 2 assumption assumption NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 303 3 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 303 4 multiplicative multiplicative JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 303 5 separability separability NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 303 6 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 303 7 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 303 8 cost cost NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 303 9 function function NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 303 10 has have VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 303 11 already already RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 303 12 been be VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 303 13 used use VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 303 14 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 303 15 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 303 16 literature literature NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 303 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 303 18 e.g. e.g. RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 303 19 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 303 20 model model VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 303 21 adaptation adaptation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 303 22 costs cost NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 303 23 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 303 24 Bajari Bajari NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 303 25 et et FW cord-255762-qd6fht8y 303 26 al al NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 303 27 . . NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 303 28 2014 2014 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 303 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 303 30 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 303 31 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 303 32 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 303 33 line line NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 303 34 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 303 35 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 303 36 preliminary preliminary JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 303 37 results result NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 303 38 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 303 39 Sub sub NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 303 40 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 303 41 section section NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 303 42 2.3 2.3 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 303 43 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 304 1 Let let VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 304 2 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 304 3 category category NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 304 4 d d NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 304 5 = = SYM cord-255762-qd6fht8y 304 6 0 0 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 304 7 be be VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 304 8 such such JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 304 9 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 304 10 α α NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 304 11 d d NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 304 12 = = SYM cord-255762-qd6fht8y 304 13 1 1 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 304 14 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 305 1 Then then RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 305 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 305 3 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 305 4 equilibrium equilibrium NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 305 5 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 305 6 has have VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 305 7 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 305 8 same same JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 305 9 separable separable JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 305 10 structure structure NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 305 11 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 305 12 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 305 13 marginal marginal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 305 14 costs cost NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 305 15 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 305 16 where where WRB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 305 17 p p NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 305 18 d d NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 305 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 305 20 · · NFP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 305 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 305 22 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 305 23 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 305 24 equilibrium equilibrium NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 305 25 bidding bidding NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 305 26 function function NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 305 27 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 305 28 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 306 1 d. d. NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 307 1 Given give VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 307 2 this this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 307 3 functional functional JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 307 4 form form NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 307 5 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 307 6 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 307 7 technological technological JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 307 8 parameter parameter NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 307 9 α α NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 307 10 d d NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 307 11 can can MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 307 12 be be VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 307 13 obtained obtain VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 307 14 using use VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 307 15 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 307 16 regression regression NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 307 17 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 307 18 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 307 19 observed observed JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 307 20 log log NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 307 21 bids bid NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 307 22 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 307 23 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 307 24 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 307 25 FEs FEs NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 307 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 307 27 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 307 28 dummy dummy JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 307 29 variable variable NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 307 30 D d NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 307 31 d d NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 307 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 307 33 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 308 1 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 308 2 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 308 3 number number NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 308 4 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 308 5 bidders bidder NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 308 6 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 308 7 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 308 8 FPA FPA NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 308 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 308 10 N N NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 308 11 dh dh NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 308 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 308 13 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 308 14 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 308 15 follows follow VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 308 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 308 17 output output NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 308 18 available available JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 308 19 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 308 20 request request NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 308 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 308 22 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 308 23 Appendix Appendix NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 308 24 A.1.1 A.1.1 NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 308 25 collects collect VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 308 26 all all DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 308 27 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 308 28 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 308 29 category category NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 308 30 parameters parameter NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 308 31 α α NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 308 32 d d XX cord-255762-qd6fht8y 308 33 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 1 As as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 2 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 3 robustness robustness NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 4 check check NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 5 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 6 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 7 exclude exclude VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 8 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 9 fact fact NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 10 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 11 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 12 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 13 few few JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 14 observations observation NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 15 lead lead VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 16 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 17 biased biased JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 18 estimates estimate NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 19 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 20 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 21 repeated repeat VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 22 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 23 estimation estimation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 24 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 25 Equation equation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 27 7 7 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 29 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 30 two two CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 31 subsamples subsample NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 32 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 33 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 34 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 35 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 36 classes class NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 37 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 38 i.e. i.e. FW cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 39 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 40 all all DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 41 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 42 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 43 where where WRB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 44 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 45 have have VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 46 at at RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 47 least least RBS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 48 five five CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 49 observations observation NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 50 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 51 roughly roughly RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 52 half half NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 53 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 54 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 55 classes class NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 57 or or CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 58 eight eight CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 59 observations observation NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 60 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 61 roughly roughly RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 62 half half NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 63 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 64 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 65 observations observation NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 66 used use VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 67 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 68 estimate estimate VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 69 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 70 α α NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 71 parameter parameter NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 72 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 309 73 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 310 1 Then then RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 310 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 310 3 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 310 4 both both DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 310 5 cases case NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 310 6 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 310 7 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 310 8 test test VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 310 9 whether whether IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 311 1 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 311 2 estimated estimate VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 311 3 α α NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 311 4 d d NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 311 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 311 6 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 311 7 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 311 8 considered consider VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 311 9 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 311 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 311 11 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 311 12 equal equal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 311 13 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 311 14 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 311 15 same same JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 311 16 α α NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 311 17 d d XX cord-255762-qd6fht8y 311 18 estimated estimate VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 311 19 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 311 20 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 311 21 entire entire JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 311 22 sample sample NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 311 23 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 312 1 In in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 312 2 both both DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 312 3 cases case NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 312 4 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 312 5 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 312 6 all all PDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 312 7 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 312 8 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 312 9 considered consider VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 312 10 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 312 11 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 312 12 find find VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 312 13 no no DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 312 14 statistical statistical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 312 15 difference difference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 312 16 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 312 17 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 312 18 95 95 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 312 19 % % NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 312 20 confidence confidence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 312 21 interval interval NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 312 22 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 313 1 All all DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 313 2 observed observe VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 313 3 unit unit NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 313 4 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 313 5 p p NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 313 6 dhs dhs NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 313 7 paid pay VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 313 8 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 313 9 PBs PBs NNPS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 313 10 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 313 11 hence hence RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 313 12 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 313 13 winning win VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 313 14 bids bid NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 313 15 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 313 16 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 313 17 then then RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 313 18 normalised normalise VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 313 19 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 313 20 dividing divide VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 313 21 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 313 22 α α NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 313 23 d d NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 313 24 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 314 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 314 2 define define VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 314 3 homogeneous homogeneous JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 314 4 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 314 5 p p NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 314 6 0hs 0hs NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 314 7 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 314 8 follows follow VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 314 9 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 1 This this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 2 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 3 p p NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 4 0hs 0hs NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 5 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 6 used use VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 7 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 8 now now RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 9 on on RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 10 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 11 make make VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 12 all all DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 13 observations observation NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 14 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 15 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 16 dataset dataset NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 17 comparable comparable JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 18 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 19 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 20 obtain obtain VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 21 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 22 consistent consistent JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 23 estimate estimate NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 24 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 25 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 26 bid bid NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 27 that that WDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 28 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 29 supplier supplier NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 30 would would MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 31 have have VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 32 submitted submit VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 33 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 34 an an DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 35 FPA fpa NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 36 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 37 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 38 provision provision NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 39 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 40 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 41 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 42 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 43 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 44 class class NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 45 0 0 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 46 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 47 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 48 α α NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 49 0 0 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 50 = = SYM cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 51 1 1 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 52 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 53 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 54 level level NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 55 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 56 competition competition NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 57 N n CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 58 0h 0h NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 315 59 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 316 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 316 2 distribution distribution NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 316 3 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 316 4 p p NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 316 5 0hs 0hs NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 316 6 derived derive VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 316 7 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 316 8 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 316 9 data datum NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 316 10 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 316 11 presented present VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 316 12 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 316 13 Figure Figure NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 316 14 _SP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 316 15 1 1 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 316 16 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 317 1 In in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 317 2 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 317 3 FPA fpa NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 317 4 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 317 5 procurement procurement NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 317 6 framework framework NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 317 7 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 317 8 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 317 9 lowest low JJS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 317 10 bid bid NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 317 11 wins win NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 317 12 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 318 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 318 2 resulting result VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 318 3 Nash Nash NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 318 4 equilibrium equilibrium NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 318 5 bid bid NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 318 6 p p NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 318 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 318 8 θ θ NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 318 9 i i NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 318 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 318 11 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 318 12 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 318 13 i i NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 318 14 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 318 15 th th XX cord-255762-qd6fht8y 318 16 bidder bidder NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 318 17 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 318 18 type type NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 318 19 θ θ NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 318 20 i i PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 318 21 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 318 22 given give VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 318 23 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 318 24 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 318 25 following follow VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 318 26 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 319 1 Following follow VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 319 2 GPV GPV NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 319 3 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 319 4 Equation equation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 319 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 319 6 9 9 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 319 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 319 8 can can MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 319 9 be be VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 319 10 inverted invert VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 319 11 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 319 12 express express VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 319 13 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 319 14 unobserved unobserved JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 319 15 marginal marginal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 319 16 cost cost NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 319 17 θ θ NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 319 18 i i PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 319 19 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 319 20 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 319 21 function function NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 319 22 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 319 23 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 319 24 observed observed JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 319 25 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 319 26 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 319 27 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 319 28 distribution distribution NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 319 29 observed observe VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 319 30 through through IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 319 31 kernel kernel NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 319 32 estimation estimation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 319 33 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 320 1 In in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 320 2 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 320 3 dataset dataset NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 320 4 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 320 5 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 320 6 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 320 7 auction auction NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 320 8 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 320 9 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 320 10 observe observe VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 320 11 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 320 12 winning win VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 320 13 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 320 14 rather rather RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 320 15 than than IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 320 16 all all PDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 320 17 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 320 18 bids bid NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 320 19 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 321 1 For for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 321 2 standard standard JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 321 3 FPAs fpas NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 321 4 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 321 5 Athey Athey NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 321 6 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 321 7 Haile Haile NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 321 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 321 9 2002 2002 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 321 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 321 11 propose propose VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 321 12 using use VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 321 13 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 321 14 winning win VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 321 15 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 321 16 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 321 17 multiple multiple JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 321 18 auctions auction NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 321 19 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 321 20 identify identify VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 321 21 private private JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 321 22 values value NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 321 23 because because IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 321 24 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 321 25 winning win VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 321 26 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 321 27 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 321 28 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 321 29 maximum maximum JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 321 30 order order NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 321 31 statistic statistic NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 321 32 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 321 33 bid bid NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 321 34 distribution distribution NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 321 35 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 321 36 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 321 37 given give VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 321 38 level level NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 321 39 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 321 40 participation participation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 321 41 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 322 1 In in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 322 2 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 322 3 procurement procurement NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 322 4 framework framework NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 322 5 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 322 6 winning win VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 322 7 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 322 8 can can MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 322 9 be be VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 322 10 considered consider VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 322 11 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 322 12 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 322 13 first first JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 322 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 322 15 i.e. i.e. FW cord-255762-qd6fht8y 322 16 minimum minimum JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 322 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 322 18 order order NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 322 19 statistic statistic NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 322 20 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 322 21 bid bid NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 322 22 distribution distribution NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 322 23 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 2 structural structural JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 3 equation equation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 4 that that WDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 5 states state VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 6 unobserved unobserved JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 7 marginal marginal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 8 costs cost NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 9 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 10 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 11 non non JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 12 - - JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 13 parametric parametric JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 14 function function NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 15 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 16 observed observe VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 17 winning win VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 18 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 19 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 20 winning win VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 21 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 22 distribution distribution NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 23 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 24 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 25 level level NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 26 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 27 competition competition NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 28 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 29 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 30 follows follow VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 31 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 32 where where WRB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 33 N n CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 34 0h 0h NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 35 = = SYM cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 36 { { -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 37 3 3 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 38 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 39 8 8 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 40 } } -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 41 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 42 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 43 noisy noisy JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 44 signal signal NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 45 about about IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 46 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 47 level level NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 48 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 49 competition competition NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 50 that that WDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 51 bidders bidder NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 52 receive receive VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 53 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 54 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 55 given give VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 56 auction auction NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 57 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 58 G G NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 59 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 60 1 1 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 323 61 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 324 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 324 2 p p NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 324 3 0hs 0hs JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 324 4 |N |n CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 324 5 0h 0h NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 324 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 324 7 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 324 8 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 324 9 cumulative cumulative JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 324 10 density density NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 324 11 function function NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 324 12 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 324 13 all all DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 324 14 transaction transaction NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 324 15 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 324 16 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 324 17 conditional conditional JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 324 18 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 324 19 N n CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 324 20 0h 0h NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 324 21 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 324 22 evaluated evaluate VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 324 23 at at IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 324 24 p p CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 324 25 0hs 0hs NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 324 26 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 324 27 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 324 28 g g NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 324 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 324 30 1 1 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 324 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 324 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 324 33 p p NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 324 34 0hs 0hs JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 324 35 |N |n CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 324 36 0h 0h NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 324 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 324 38 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 324 39 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 324 40 relative relative JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 324 41 probability probability NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 324 42 density density NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 324 43 function function NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 324 44 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 325 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 325 2 derivation derivation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 325 3 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 325 4 Equation equation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 325 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 325 6 10 10 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 325 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 325 8 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 325 9 presented present VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 325 10 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 325 11 Appendix Appendix NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 325 12 A.3 A.3 NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 325 13 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 326 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 326 2 resulting result VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 326 3 distribution distribution NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 326 4 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 326 5 θ θ NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 326 6 s s NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 326 7 based base VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 326 8 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 326 9 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 326 10 sample sample NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 326 11 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 326 12 plotted plot VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 326 13 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 326 14 Figure figure NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 326 15 2 2 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 326 16 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 327 1 Since since IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 327 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 327 3 impose impose VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 327 4 no no DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 327 5 constraint constraint NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 327 6 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 327 7 Equation equation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 327 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 327 9 10 10 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 327 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 327 11 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 327 12 estimates estimate NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 327 13 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 327 14 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 327 15 private private JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 327 16 value value NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 327 17 θ θ NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 327 18 s s PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 327 19 can can MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 327 20 be be VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 327 21 negative negative JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 327 22 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 328 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 328 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 328 3 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 328 4 distribution distribution NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 328 5 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 328 6 Figure figure NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 328 7 2 2 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 328 8 displays display VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 328 9 negative negative JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 328 10 values value NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 328 11 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 328 12 26 26 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 328 13 % % NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 328 14 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 328 15 cases case NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 328 16 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 329 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 329 2 distribution distribution NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 329 3 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 329 4 private private JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 329 5 values value NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 329 6 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 329 7 based base VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 329 8 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 329 9 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 329 10 benchmark benchmark JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 329 11 sample sample NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 329 12 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 329 13 order order NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 329 14 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 329 15 use use VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 329 16 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 329 17 many many JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 329 18 observations observation NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 329 19 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 329 20 possible possible JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 329 21 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 1 However however RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 4 find find VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 5 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 6 similar similar JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 7 distribution distribution NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 8 if if IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 9 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 10 restrict restrict VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 11 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 12 attention attention NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 13 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 14 several several JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 15 sub sub NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 16 - - NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 17 samples sample NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 18 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 19 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 20 data datum NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 21 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 22 that that RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 23 is is RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 24 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 25 if if IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 26 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 27 concentrate concentrate VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 28 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 29 bidders bidder NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 30 who who WP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 31 manufacture manufacture VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 32 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 33 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 35 ignoring ignore VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 36 bidders bidder NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 37 who who WP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 38 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 39 merely merely RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 40 sellers seller NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 42 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 43 if if IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 44 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 45 separate separate VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 46 auctions auction NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 47 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 48 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 49 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 50 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 51 auctions auction NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 52 without without IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 53 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 54 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 55 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 56 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 57 if if IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 58 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 59 look look VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 60 at at IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 61 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 62 or or CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 63 PBs pb NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 64 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 65 more more JJR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 66 observations observation NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 330 67 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 331 1 Details detail NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 331 2 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 331 3 these these DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 331 4 robustness robustness NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 331 5 checks check NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 331 6 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 331 7 discussed discuss VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 331 8 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 331 9 Subsection Subsection NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 331 10 3.2.3 3.2.3 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 331 11 below below RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 331 12 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 332 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 332 2 fact fact NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 332 3 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 332 4 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 332 5 distribution distribution NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 332 6 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 332 7 private private JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 332 8 values value NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 332 9 includes include VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 332 10 negative negative JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 332 11 values value NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 332 12 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 332 13 not not RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 332 14 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 332 15 problem problem NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 332 16 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 332 17 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 332 18 analysis analysis NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 332 19 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 332 20 because because IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 332 21 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 332 22 need need VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 332 23 only only RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 332 24 one one CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 332 25 representative representative JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 332 26 value value NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 332 27 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 332 28 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 332 29 distribution distribution NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 332 30 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 333 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 333 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 333 3 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 333 4 analysis analysis NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 333 5 requires require VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 333 6 us -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 333 7 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 333 8 choose choose VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 333 9 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 333 10 benchmark benchmark JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 333 11 supplier supplier NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 333 12 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 333 13 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 333 14 same same JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 333 15 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 333 16 all all DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 333 17 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 333 18 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 333 19 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 334 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 334 2 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 334 3 paid pay VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 334 4 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 334 5 different different JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 334 6 PBs pb NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 334 7 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 334 8 then then RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 334 9 compared compare VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 334 10 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 334 11 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 334 12 marginal marginal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 334 13 costs cost NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 334 14 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 334 15 that that DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 334 16 supplier supplier NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 334 17 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 335 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 335 2 choose choose VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 335 3 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 335 4 median median JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 335 5 value value NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 335 6 θ θ NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 335 7 0 0 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 335 8 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 335 9 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 335 10 distribution distribution NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 335 11 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 335 12 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 335 13 accordingly accordingly RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 335 14 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 335 15 use use VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 335 16 Equation equation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 335 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 335 18 5 5 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 335 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 335 20 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 335 21 obtain obtain VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 335 22 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 335 23 benchmark benchmark JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 335 24 marginal marginal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 335 25 cost cost NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 335 26 c c NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 335 27 d0 d0 NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 335 28 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 335 29 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 335 30 class class NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 335 31 d d NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 335 32 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 335 33 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 335 34 follows follow VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 335 35 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 335 36 24 24 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 336 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 336 2 use use VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 336 3 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 336 4 median median JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 336 5 marginal marginal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 336 6 cost cost NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 336 7 mainly mainly RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 336 8 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 336 9 two two CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 336 10 reasons reason NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 336 11 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 2 i i NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 4 deviations deviation NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 5 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 6 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 7 median median JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 8 value value NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 9 provide provide VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 10 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 11 simple simple JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 12 interpretation interpretation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 13 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 14 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 15 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 16 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 17 cost cost NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 18 difference difference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 20 p p NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 21 dhs dhs NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 22 − − NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 23 c c NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 24 d0 d0 NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 26 used use VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 27 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 28 derive derive VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 29 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 30 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 31 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 32 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 33 it -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 34 measures measure VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 35 how how WRB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 36 much much JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 37 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 38 winning win VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 39 supplier supplier NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 40 differs differ VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 41 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 42 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 43 representative representative NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 44 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 45 median median JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 46 value value NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 47 ; ; , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 48 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 49 ii ii NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 51 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 52 median median JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 53 value value NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 54 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 55 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 56 robust robust JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 57 choice choice NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 58 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 59 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 60 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 61 distribution distribution NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 62 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 63 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 64 private private JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 65 values value NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 66 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 67 structurally structurally RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 68 estimated estimate VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 69 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 70 not not RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 71 directly directly RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 72 observed observe VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 73 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 74 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 75 econometrician econometrician NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 337 76 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 338 1 While while IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 338 2 reasonable reasonable JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 338 3 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 338 4 using use VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 338 5 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 338 6 median median JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 338 7 private private JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 338 8 value value NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 338 9 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 338 10 an an DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 338 11 arbitrary arbitrary JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 338 12 decision decision NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 338 13 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 339 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 339 2 choice choice NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 339 3 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 339 4 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 339 5 benchmark benchmark JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 339 6 value value NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 339 7 has have VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 339 8 consequences consequence NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 339 9 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 339 10 Equation equation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 339 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 339 12 4 4 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 339 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 339 14 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 339 15 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 339 16 particular particular JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 339 17 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 339 18 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 339 19 PBspecific PBspecific NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 339 20 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 339 21 γ γ NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 339 22 h h NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 339 23 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 340 1 In in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 340 2 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 340 3 case case NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 340 4 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 340 5 γ γ NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 340 6 h h NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 340 7 describes describe VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 340 8 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 340 9 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 340 10 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 340 11 compared compare VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 340 12 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 340 13 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 340 14 median median JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 340 15 supplier supplier NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 340 16 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 341 1 However however RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 341 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 341 3 changing change VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 341 4 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 341 5 benchmark benchmark JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 341 6 value value NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 341 7 does do VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 341 8 not not RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 341 9 alter alter VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 341 10 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 341 11 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 341 12 analysis analysis NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 341 13 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 341 14 since since IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 341 15 it -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 341 16 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 341 17 constant constant JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 341 18 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 341 19 respect respect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 341 20 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 341 21 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 341 22 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 341 23 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 341 24 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 341 25 PB pb NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 341 26 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 341 27 specific specific JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 341 28 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 341 29 γ γ NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 341 30 h h NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 341 31 may may MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 341 32 change change VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 341 33 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 341 34 size size NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 341 35 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 341 36 but but CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 341 37 it -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 341 38 maintains maintain VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 341 39 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 341 40 same same JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 341 41 ranking ranking NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 341 42 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 342 1 In in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 342 2 Appendix Appendix NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 342 3 A.7.3 A.7.3 NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 342 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 342 5 replicate replicate VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 342 6 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 342 7 benchmark benchmark JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 342 8 results result NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 342 9 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 342 10 Section section NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 342 11 4 4 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 342 12 when when WRB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 342 13 taking take VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 342 14 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 342 15 33rd 33rd JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 342 16 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 342 17 67th 67th JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 342 18 percentiles percentile NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 342 19 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 342 20 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 342 21 distribution distribution NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 342 22 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 342 23 private private JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 342 24 values value NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 342 25 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 343 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 343 2 key key JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 343 3 results result NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 343 4 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 343 5 unaltered unaltered JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 343 6 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 344 1 To to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 344 2 investigate investigate VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 344 3 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 344 4 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 344 5 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 344 6 relation relation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 344 7 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 344 8 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 344 9 procurement procurement NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 344 10 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 344 11 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 344 12 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 344 13 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 344 14 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 344 15 consider consider VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 344 16 c c NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 344 17 d0 d0 NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 344 18 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 344 19 along along IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 344 20 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 344 21 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 344 22 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 344 23 paid pay VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 344 24 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 344 25 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 344 26 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 344 27 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 345 1 In in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 345 2 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 345 3 dataset dataset NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 345 4 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 345 5 benchmark benchmark JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 345 6 marginal marginal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 345 7 costs cost NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 345 8 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 345 9 always always RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 345 10 above above IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 345 11 zero zero CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 345 12 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 345 13 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 345 14 except except IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 345 15 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 345 16 6.7 6.7 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 345 17 % % NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 345 18 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 345 19 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 345 20 observations observation NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 345 21 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 345 22 below below IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 345 23 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 345 24 actual actual JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 345 25 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 345 26 paid pay VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 345 27 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 345 28 PBs pb NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 345 29 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 346 1 This this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 346 2 sub sub NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 346 3 - - NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 346 4 section section NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 346 5 replicates replicate VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 346 6 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 346 7 marginal marginal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 346 8 cost cost NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 346 9 estimate estimate NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 346 10 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 346 11 control control VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 346 12 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 346 13 different different JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 346 14 issues issue NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 346 15 which which WDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 346 16 may may MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 346 17 arise arise VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 346 18 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 346 19 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 346 20 structural structural JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 346 21 model model NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 346 22 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 347 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 347 2 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 347 3 particularly particularly RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 347 4 concerned concerned JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 347 5 about about IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 347 6 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 347 7 median median JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 347 8 value value NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 348 1 θ θ NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 348 2 0 0 NFP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 348 3 used use VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 348 4 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 348 5 define define VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 348 6 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 348 7 benchmark benchmark JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 348 8 marginal marginal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 348 9 cost cost NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 348 10 c c NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 348 11 d0 d0 NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 348 12 because because IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 348 13 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 348 14 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 348 15 paid pay VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 348 16 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 348 17 PBs pb NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 348 18 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 348 19 compared compare VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 348 20 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 348 21 this this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 348 22 cost cost NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 348 23 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 349 1 To to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 349 2 further further RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 349 3 strengthen strengthen VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 349 4 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 349 5 results result NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 349 6 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 349 7 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 349 8 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 349 9 robustness robustness NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 349 10 check check NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 349 11 listed list VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 349 12 below below RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 349 13 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 349 14 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 349 15 also also RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 349 16 compare compare VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 349 17 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 349 18 distribution distribution NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 349 19 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 349 20 private private JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 349 21 values value NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 349 22 θ θ NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 349 23 s s XX cord-255762-qd6fht8y 349 24 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 349 25 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 349 26 baseline baseline JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 349 27 estimate estimate NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 349 28 shown show VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 349 29 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 349 30 Figure figure NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 349 31 2 2 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 349 32 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 350 1 Only only JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 350 2 producers producer NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 350 3 -One -one VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 350 4 concern concern NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 350 5 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 350 6 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 350 7 analysis analysis NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 350 8 might may MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 350 9 be be VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 350 10 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 350 11 use use NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 350 12 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 350 13 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 350 14 private private JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 350 15 value value NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 350 16 model model NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 350 17 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 350 18 structurally structurally RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 350 19 estimate estimate VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 350 20 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 350 21 auction auction NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 350 22 game game NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 350 23 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 351 1 This this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 351 2 model model NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 351 3 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 351 4 consistent consistent JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 351 5 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 351 6 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 351 7 setting setting NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 351 8 where where WRB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 351 9 bidders bidder NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 351 10 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 351 11 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 351 12 simultaneously simultaneously RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 351 13 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 351 14 producers producer NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 351 15 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 351 16 sellers seller NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 351 17 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 351 18 that that RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 351 19 is is RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 351 20 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 351 21 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 351 22 endowed endow VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 351 23 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 351 24 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 351 25 privately privately RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 351 26 observed observe VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 351 27 cost cost NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 351 28 function function NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 351 29 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 352 1 Differently differently RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 352 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 352 3 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 352 4 presence presence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 352 5 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 352 6 bidders bidder NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 352 7 who who WP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 352 8 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 352 9 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 352 10 simultaneously simultaneously RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 352 11 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 352 12 distributors distributor NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 352 13 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 352 14 sellers seller NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 352 15 may may MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 352 16 introduce introduce VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 352 17 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 352 18 common common JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 352 19 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 352 20 value value NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 352 21 component component NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 352 22 into into IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 352 23 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 352 24 information information NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 352 25 structure structure NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 352 26 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 352 27 thus thus RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 352 28 determining determine VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 352 29 biased biased JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 352 30 estimates estimate NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 352 31 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 353 1 Non non JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 353 2 - - JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 353 3 parametric parametric JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 353 4 tests test NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 353 5 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 353 6 control control VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 353 7 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 353 8 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 353 9 presence presence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 353 10 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 353 11 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 353 12 stochastic stochastic JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 353 13 common common JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 353 14 value value NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 353 15 component component NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 353 16 exist exist VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 353 17 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 353 18 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 353 19 literature literature NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 353 20 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 353 21 but but CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 353 22 they -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 353 23 require require VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 353 24 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 353 25 observation observation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 353 26 either either DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 353 27 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 353 28 all all DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 353 29 bids bid NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 353 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 353 31 Haile Haile NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 353 32 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 353 33 Hong Hong NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 353 34 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 353 35 Shum Shum NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 353 36 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 353 37 2003 2003 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 353 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 354 1 or or CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 354 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 354 3 at at IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 354 4 least least JJS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 354 5 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 354 6 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 354 7 winning win VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 354 8 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 354 9 second second JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 354 10 lowest low JJS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 354 11 bids bid NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 354 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 354 13 Athey Athey NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 354 14 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 354 15 Haile Haile NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 354 16 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 354 17 2002 2002 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 354 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 354 19 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 355 1 Decarolis Decarolis NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 355 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 355 3 2018 2018 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 355 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 355 5 suggests suggest VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 355 6 using use VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 355 7 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 355 8 reserve reserve NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 355 9 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 355 10 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 355 11 place place NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 355 12 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 355 13 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 355 14 second second JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 355 15 lowest low JJS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 355 16 bid bid NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 355 17 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 355 18 control control VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 355 19 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 355 20 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 355 21 presence presence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 355 22 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 355 23 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 355 24 deterministic deterministic JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 355 25 common common JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 355 26 cost cost NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 355 27 component component NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 355 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 355 29 unobservable unobservable JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 355 30 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 355 31 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 355 32 econometrician econometrician NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 355 33 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 355 34 but but CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 355 35 observed observe VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 355 36 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 355 37 all all DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 355 38 bidders bidder NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 355 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 355 40 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 356 1 Unfortunately unfortunately RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 356 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 356 3 such such JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 356 4 information information NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 356 5 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 356 6 not not RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 356 7 recorded record VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 356 8 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 356 9 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 356 10 dataset dataset NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 356 11 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 356 12 which which WDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 356 13 has have VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 356 14 information information NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 356 15 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 356 16 winning win VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 356 17 bids bid NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 356 18 only only RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 356 19 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 357 1 To to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 357 2 address address VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 357 3 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 357 4 issue issue NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 357 5 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 357 6 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 357 7 collect collect VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 357 8 additional additional JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 357 9 data datum NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 357 10 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 357 11 bidders bidder NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 357 12 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 357 13 identify identify VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 357 14 them -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 357 15 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 357 16 producers producer NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 357 17 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 357 18 sellers seller NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 357 19 or or CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 357 20 distributors distributor NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 357 21 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 357 22 sellers seller NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 357 23 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 358 1 25 25 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 359 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 359 2 marginal marginal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 359 3 cost cost NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 359 4 estimate estimate NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 359 5 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 359 6 then then RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 359 7 repeated repeat VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 359 8 using use VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 359 9 only only JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 359 10 bidders bidder NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 359 11 identified identify VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 359 12 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 359 13 producers producer NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 359 14 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 359 15 sellers seller NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 359 16 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 360 1 Reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 360 2 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 360 3 -Understanding -understanding NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 361 1 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 361 2 conditions condition NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 361 3 under under IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 361 4 which which WDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 361 5 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 361 6 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 361 7 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 361 8 may may MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 361 9 affect affect VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 361 10 bidding bidding NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 361 11 decisions decision NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 361 12 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 361 13 relevant relevant JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 361 14 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 1 Note note VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 2 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 3 inconsistencies inconsistency NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 4 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 5 estimation estimation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 6 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 7 θ θ NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 8 arise arise VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 9 only only RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 10 when when WRB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 11 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 12 following follow VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 13 conditions condition NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 14 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 15 both both DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 16 met meet VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 17 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 19 i i NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 21 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 22 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 23 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 24 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 25 higher high JJR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 26 than than IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 27 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 28 winning win VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 29 firm firm NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 30 's 's POS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 31 marginal marginal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 32 cost cost NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 33 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 34 but but CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 35 lower low JJR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 36 than than IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 37 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 38 equilibrium equilibrium NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 39 bid bid NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 40 when when WRB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 41 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 42 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 43 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 44 policy policy NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 45 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 46 not not RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 47 adopted adopt VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 48 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 49 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 50 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 51 ii ii NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 53 at at IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 54 least least JJS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 55 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 56 second second JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 57 firm firm NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 58 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 59 marginal marginal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 60 costs cost NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 61 below below IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 62 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 63 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 64 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 65 took take VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 66 part part NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 67 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 68 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 69 auction auction NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 362 70 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 363 1 As as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 363 2 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 363 3 robustness robustness NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 363 4 check check NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 363 5 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 363 6 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 363 7 consider consider VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 363 8 observations observation NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 363 9 before before IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 363 10 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 363 11 after after IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 363 12 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 363 13 termination termination NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 363 14 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 363 15 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 363 16 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 363 17 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 363 18 policy policy NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 363 19 separately separately RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 363 20 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 364 1 Device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 364 2 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 364 3 public public JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 364 4 buyers buyer NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 364 5 ' ' POS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 364 6 restrictions restriction NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 364 7 -To -to WDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 364 8 prevent prevent VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 364 9 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 364 10 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 364 11 few few JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 364 12 observations observation NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 364 13 leading lead VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 364 14 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 364 15 biased biased JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 364 16 estimates estimate NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 364 17 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 364 18 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 364 19 repeat repeat VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 364 20 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 364 21 estimation estimation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 364 22 excluding exclude VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 364 23 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 364 24 classes class NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 364 25 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 364 26 fewer few JJR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 364 27 than than IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 364 28 five five CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 364 29 observations observation NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 364 30 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 365 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 365 2 carry carry VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 365 3 out out RP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 365 4 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 365 5 similar similar JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 365 6 exercise exercise NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 365 7 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 365 8 PBs pb NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 365 9 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 365 10 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 365 11 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 365 12 line line NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 365 13 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 365 14 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 365 15 next next JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 365 16 section section NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 365 17 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 365 18 exclude exclude VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 365 19 PBs pb NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 365 20 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 365 21 fewer few JJR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 365 22 than than IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 365 23 10 10 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 365 24 observations observation NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 365 25 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 366 1 Table table NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 366 2 4 4 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 366 3 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 367 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 367 2 median median NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 367 3 θ θ NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 367 4 0 0 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 367 5 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 367 6 Table Table NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 367 7 4 4 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 367 8 shows show VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 367 9 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 367 10 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 367 11 largest large JJS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 367 12 deviation deviation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 367 13 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 367 14 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 367 15 baseline baseline JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 367 16 estimate estimate NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 367 17 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 367 18 θ θ NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 367 19 0 0 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 367 20 arises arise VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 367 21 when when WRB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 367 22 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 367 23 marginal marginal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 367 24 cost cost NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 367 25 estimate estimate NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 367 26 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 367 27 repeated repeat VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 367 28 using use VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 367 29 only only JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 367 30 auctions auction NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 367 31 when when WRB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 367 32 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 367 33 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 367 34 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 367 35 policy policy NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 367 36 was be VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 367 37 applicable applicable JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 367 38 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 368 1 However however RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 368 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 368 3 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 368 4 estimate estimate NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 368 5 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 368 6 θ θ NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 368 7 0 0 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 368 8 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 368 9 only only RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 368 10 5.1 5.1 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 368 11 % % NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 368 12 larger large JJR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 368 13 than than IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 368 14 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 368 15 baseline baseline JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 368 16 estimate estimate NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 368 17 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 369 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 369 2 sample sample NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 369 3 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 369 4 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 369 5 smallest small JJS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 369 6 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 369 7 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 369 8 robustness robustness NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 369 9 checks check NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 369 10 considered consider VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 369 11 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 369 12 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 369 13 Kolmogorov Kolmogorov NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 369 14 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 369 15 Smirnov Smirnov NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 369 16 finds find VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 369 17 no no DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 369 18 difference difference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 369 19 between between IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 369 20 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 369 21 two two CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 369 22 distributions distribution NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 369 23 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 370 1 Remarkably remarkably RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 370 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 370 3 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 370 4 differences difference NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 370 5 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 370 6 θ θ NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 370 7 0 0 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 370 8 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 370 9 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 370 10 remaining remain VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 370 11 robustness robustness NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 370 12 checks check NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 370 13 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 370 14 tiny tiny JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 370 15 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 371 1 For for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 371 2 example example NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 371 3 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 371 4 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 371 5 deviation deviation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 371 6 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 371 7 θ θ NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 371 8 0 0 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 371 9 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 371 10 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 371 11 baseline baseline NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 371 12 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 371 13 considering consider VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 371 14 solely solely RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 371 15 producers producer NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 371 16 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 371 17 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 371 18 equal equal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 371 19 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 371 20 only only RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 371 21 1 1 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 371 22 % % NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 371 23 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 372 1 This this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 372 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 372 3 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 372 4 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 372 5 use use NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 372 6 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 372 7 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 372 8 Kolmogorov Kolmogorov NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 372 9 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 372 10 Smirnov Smirnov NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 372 11 test test NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 372 12 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 372 13 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 372 14 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 372 15 only only JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 372 16 distribution distribution NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 372 17 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 372 18 θ θ NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 372 19 s s NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 372 20 found find VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 372 21 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 372 22 be be VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 372 23 significantly significantly RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 372 24 different different JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 372 25 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 372 26 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 372 27 baseline baseline JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 372 28 estimate estimate NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 372 29 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 373 1 However however RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 373 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 373 3 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 373 4 suppliers supplier NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 373 5 included include VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 373 6 also also RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 373 7 differ differ VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 373 8 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 373 9 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 373 10 producers producer NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 373 11 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 373 12 distributors distributor NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 373 13 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 373 14 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 373 15 baseline baseline JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 373 16 distribution distribution NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 373 17 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 373 18 but but CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 373 19 _SP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 373 20 We -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 373 21 now now RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 373 22 investigate investigate VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 373 23 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 373 24 PB pb NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 373 25 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 373 26 specific specific JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 373 27 fixed fix VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 373 28 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 373 29 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 373 30 purchasing purchase VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 373 31 standard standard JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 373 32 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 373 33 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 373 34 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 374 1 Considering consider VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 374 2 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 374 3 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 374 4 paid pay VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 374 5 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 374 6 after after IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 374 7 estimating estimate VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 374 8 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 374 9 benchmark benchmark JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 374 10 marginal marginal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 374 11 cost cost NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 374 12 c c NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 374 13 d0 d0 NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 374 14 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 374 15 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 374 16 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 374 17 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 374 18 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 374 19 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 374 20 obtain obtain VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 374 21 Ψ Ψ NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 374 22 dhs dhs NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 374 23 = = SYM cord-255762-qd6fht8y 374 24 p p NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 374 25 dhs dhs NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 374 26 −c −c NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 374 27 d0 d0 NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 374 28 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 375 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 375 2 then then RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 375 3 estimate estimate VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 375 4 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 375 5 PB pb NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 375 6 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 375 7 specific specific JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 375 8 component component NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 375 9 γ γ NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 375 10 h h NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 375 11 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 375 12 using use VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 375 13 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 375 14 following follow VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 375 15 OLS OLS NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 375 16 regression regression NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 375 17 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 375 18 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 375 19 specification specification NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 375 20 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 375 21 Equation equation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 375 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 375 23 12 12 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 375 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 375 25 includes include VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 375 26 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 375 27 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 375 28 dummies dummy NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 375 29 A a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 375 30 h h NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 375 31 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 375 32 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 375 33 dummy dummy JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 375 34 variable variable NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 375 35 R r NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 375 36 equal equal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 375 37 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 375 38 1 1 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 375 39 when when WRB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 375 40 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 375 41 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 375 42 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 375 43 regulation regulation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 375 44 was be VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 375 45 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 375 46 force force NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 375 47 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 375 48 otherwise otherwise RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 375 49 0 0 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 375 50 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 376 1 This this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 376 2 variable variable NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 376 3 interacts interact VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 376 4 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 376 5 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 376 6 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 376 7 dummies dummy NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 376 8 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 376 9 capture capture VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 376 10 any any DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 376 11 change change NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 376 12 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 376 13 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 376 14 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 376 15 fixed fix VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 376 16 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 376 17 attributable attributable JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 376 18 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 376 19 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 376 20 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 376 21 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 376 22 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 377 1 26 26 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 378 1 Excluded exclude VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 378 2 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 378 3 this this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 378 4 estimate estimate NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 378 5 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 378 6 PBs pb NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 378 7 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 378 8 fewer few JJR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 378 9 than than IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 378 10 10 10 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 378 11 observations observation NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 378 12 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 378 13 i.e. i.e. FW cord-255762-qd6fht8y 378 14 PBs PBs NNPS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 378 15 that that WDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 378 16 managed manage VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 378 17 under under IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 378 18 10 10 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 378 19 auctions auction NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 378 20 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 378 21 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 378 22 period period NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 378 23 considered consider VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 378 24 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 379 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 379 2 obtained obtain VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 379 3 57 57 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 379 4 PBs pb NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 379 5 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 379 6 1,192 1,192 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 379 7 observations observation NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 379 8 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 379 9 awarded award VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 379 10 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 379 11 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 379 12 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 380 1 In in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 380 2 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 380 3 analysis analysis NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 380 4 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 380 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 380 6 use use VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 380 7 standard standard JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 380 8 errors error NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 380 9 clustered cluster VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 380 10 at at IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 380 11 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 380 12 level level NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 380 13 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 380 14 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 380 15 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 380 16 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 380 17 control control VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 380 18 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 380 19 potential potential JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 380 20 serial serial JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 380 21 correlation correlation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 380 22 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 381 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 381 2 aim aim NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 381 3 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 381 4 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 381 5 provide provide VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 381 6 an an DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 381 7 estimate estimate NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 381 8 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 381 9 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 381 10 parameters parameter NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 381 11 γ γ NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 381 12 h h NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 382 1 = = SYM cord-255762-qd6fht8y 382 2 ln ln NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 382 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 382 4 γ γ NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 382 5 h h NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 382 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 382 7 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 382 8 where where WRB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 382 9 γ γ NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 382 10 h h NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 382 11 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 382 12 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 382 13 PB pb NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 382 14 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 382 15 specific specific JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 382 16 fixed fix VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 382 17 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 382 18 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 382 19 purchasing purchase VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 382 20 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 382 21 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 382 22 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 382 23 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 382 24 set set VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 382 25 out out RP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 382 26 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 382 27 Equation equation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 382 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 382 29 4 4 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 382 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 382 31 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 383 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 383 2 higher high JJR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 383 3 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 383 4 coefficient coefficient NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 383 5 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 383 6 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 383 7 lower low JJR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 383 8 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 383 9 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 383 10 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 383 11 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 383 12 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 383 13 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 384 1 In in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 384 2 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 384 3 regression regression NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 384 4 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 384 5 almost almost RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 384 6 all all DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 384 7 dummies dummy NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 384 8 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 384 9 significant significant JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 384 10 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 384 11 suggesting suggest VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 384 12 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 384 13 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 384 14 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 384 15 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 384 16 endowed endow VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 384 17 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 384 18 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 384 19 own own JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 384 20 specific specific JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 384 21 procurement procurement NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 384 22 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 384 23 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 385 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 385 2 R r NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 385 3 2 2 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 385 4 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 385 5 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 385 6 regression regression NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 385 7 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 385 8 0.63 0.63 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 385 9 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 385 10 which which WDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 385 11 means mean VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 385 12 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 385 13 about about RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 385 14 two two CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 385 15 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 385 16 thirds third NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 385 17 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 385 18 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 385 19 difference difference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 385 20 between between IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 385 21 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 385 22 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 385 23 marginal marginal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 385 24 costs cost NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 385 25 can can MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 385 26 be be VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 385 27 explained explain VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 385 28 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 385 29 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 385 30 fixed fix VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 385 31 effects effect NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 385 32 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 386 1 Estimates estimate NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 386 2 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 386 3 available available JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 386 4 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 386 5 request request NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 386 6 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 387 1 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 387 2 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 387 3 may may MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 387 4 affect affect VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 387 5 various various JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 387 6 decisions decision NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 387 7 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 387 8 purchasing purchase VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 387 9 procedures procedure NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 387 10 such such JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 387 11 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 387 12 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 387 13 choice choice NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 387 14 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 387 15 awarding award VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 387 16 mechanism mechanism NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 387 17 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 387 18 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 387 19 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 387 20 reserve reserve NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 387 21 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 387 22 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 387 23 or or CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 387 24 how how WRB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 387 25 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 387 26 attract attract VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 387 27 more more JJR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 387 28 or or CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 387 29 better well JJR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 387 30 suppliers supplier NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 387 31 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 387 32 among among IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 387 33 others other NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 387 34 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 388 1 Below below IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 388 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 388 3 study study VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 388 4 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 388 5 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 388 6 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 388 7 managing manage VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 388 8 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 388 9 purchasing purchasing NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 388 10 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 388 11 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 388 12 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 388 13 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 388 14 see see VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 388 15 if if IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 388 16 it -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 388 17 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 388 18 associated associate VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 388 19 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 388 20 any any DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 388 21 observable observable JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 388 22 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 388 23 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 389 1 Hence hence RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 389 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 389 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 389 4 run run VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 389 5 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 389 6 following follow VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 389 7 regressions regression NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 389 8 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 389 9 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 389 10 proxy proxy NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 389 11 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 389 12 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 389 13 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 389 14 fixed fix VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 389 15 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 389 16 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 389 17 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 389 18 set set NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 389 19 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 389 20 explanatory explanatory JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 389 21 variables variable NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 389 22 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 389 23 In in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 389 24 these these DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 389 25 regressions regression NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 389 26 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 389 27 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 389 28 unit unit NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 389 29 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 389 30 analysis analysis NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 389 31 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 389 32 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 389 33 single single JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 389 34 PB pb NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 389 35 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 390 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 390 2 consider consider VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 390 3 weighted weighted JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 390 4 regressions regression NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 390 5 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 390 6 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 390 7 which which WDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 390 8 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 390 9 weight weight NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 390 10 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 390 11 proportional proportional JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 390 12 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 390 13 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 390 14 number number NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 390 15 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 390 16 auctions auction NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 390 17 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 390 18 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 390 19 managed manage VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 390 20 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 390 21 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 390 22 sample sample NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 390 23 period period NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 390 24 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 391 1 This this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 391 2 way way NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 391 3 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 391 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 391 5 attribute attribute VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 391 6 more more JJR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 391 7 importance importance NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 391 8 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 391 9 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 391 10 PBs PBs NNPS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 391 11 that that WDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 391 12 more more RBR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 391 13 frequently frequently RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 391 14 organised organise VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 391 15 tenders tender NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 391 16 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 391 17 award award VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 391 18 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 391 19 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 391 20 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 392 1 27 27 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 392 2 We -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 392 3 consider consider VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 392 4 two two CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 392 5 different different JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 392 6 measures measure NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 392 7 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 392 8 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 392 9 dependent dependent JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 392 10 variable variable NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 392 11 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 393 1 First first RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 393 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 393 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 393 4 take take VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 393 5 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 393 6 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 393 7 derived derive VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 393 8 earlier early RBR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 393 9 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 393 10 Equation equation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 393 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 393 12 12 12 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 393 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 393 14 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 393 15 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 393 16 structural structural JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 393 17 estimation estimation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 393 18 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 393 19 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 393 20 marginal marginal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 393 21 costs cost NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 393 22 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 394 1 Second second RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 394 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 394 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 394 4 take take VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 394 5 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 394 6 measure measure NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 394 7 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 394 8 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 394 9 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 394 10 originating originate VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 394 11 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 394 12 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 394 13 following following JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 394 14 equation equation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 394 15 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 394 16 Equation equation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 394 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 394 18 14 14 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 394 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 394 20 differs differ VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 394 21 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 394 22 Equation equation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 394 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 394 24 12 12 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 394 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 394 26 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 394 27 two two CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 394 28 ways way NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 394 29 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 395 1 First first RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 395 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 395 3 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 395 4 dependent dependent JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 395 5 variable variable NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 395 6 comprises comprise VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 395 7 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 395 8 only only RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 395 9 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 395 10 therefore therefore RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 395 11 excludes exclude VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 395 12 marginal marginal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 395 13 costs cost NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 395 14 which which WDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 395 15 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 395 16 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 395 17 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 395 18 approach approach NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 395 19 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 395 20 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 395 21 recovered recover VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 395 22 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 395 23 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 395 24 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 396 1 Second second RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 396 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 396 3 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 396 4 specification specification NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 396 5 now now RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 396 6 includes include VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 396 7 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 396 8 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 396 9 dummies dummy NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 396 10 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 397 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 397 2 purpose purpose NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 397 3 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 397 4 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 397 5 obtain obtain VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 397 6 estimates estimate NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 397 7 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 397 8 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 397 9 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 397 10 fixed fix VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 397 11 effects effect NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 397 12 unaffected unaffected JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 397 13 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 397 14 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 397 15 structural structural JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 397 16 approach approach NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 397 17 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 397 18 infer infer VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 397 19 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 397 20 marginal marginal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 397 21 cost cost NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 397 22 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 397 23 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 397 24 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 397 25 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 398 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 398 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 398 3 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 398 4 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 398 5 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 398 6 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 398 7 costs cost NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 398 8 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 398 9 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 398 10 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 398 11 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 398 12 now now RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 398 13 captured capture VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 398 14 through through IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 398 15 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 398 16 assumption assumption NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 398 17 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 398 18 free free JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 398 19 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 398 20 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 398 21 dummies dummy NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 398 22 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 398 23 similarly similarly RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 398 24 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 398 25 Best Best NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 398 26 et et FW cord-255762-qd6fht8y 398 27 al al NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 398 28 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 399 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 399 2 2017 2017 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 399 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 399 4 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 400 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 400 2 resulting result VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 400 3 estimates estimate NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 400 4 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 400 5 γ γ NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 400 6 h h NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 400 7 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 400 8 generally generally RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 400 9 smaller small JJR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 400 10 but but CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 400 11 highly highly RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 400 12 correlated correlate VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 400 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 400 14 0.64 0.64 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 400 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 400 16 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 400 17 those those DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 400 18 obtained obtain VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 400 19 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 400 20 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 400 21 benchmark benchmark NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 400 22 analysis analysis NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 400 23 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 401 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 401 2 R r NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 401 3 2 2 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 401 4 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 401 5 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 401 6 regression regression NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 401 7 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 401 8 Equation equation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 401 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 401 10 14 14 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 401 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 401 12 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 401 13 equal equal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 401 14 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 401 15 0.94 0.94 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 401 16 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 401 17 but but CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 401 18 falls fall VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 401 19 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 401 20 0.49 0.49 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 401 21 when when WRB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 401 22 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 401 23 regression regression NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 401 24 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 401 25 repeated repeat VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 401 26 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 401 27 only only JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 401 28 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 401 29 fixed fix VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 401 30 effects effect NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 401 31 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 402 1 Even even RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 402 2 after after IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 402 3 excluding exclude VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 402 4 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 402 5 structural structural JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 402 6 analysis analysis NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 402 7 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 402 8 almost almost RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 402 9 half half NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 402 10 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 402 11 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 402 12 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 402 13 disparities disparity NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 402 14 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 402 15 explained explain VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 402 16 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 402 17 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 402 18 fixed fix VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 402 19 effects effect NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 402 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 402 21 estimates estimate NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 402 22 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 402 23 available available JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 402 24 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 402 25 request request NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 402 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 402 27 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 403 1 Note note VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 403 2 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 403 3 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 403 4 Equation equation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 403 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 403 6 13 13 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 403 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 403 8 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 403 9 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 403 10 sign sign NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 403 11 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 403 12 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 403 13 dependent dependent JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 403 14 variable variable NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 403 15 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 403 16 inverted invert VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 403 17 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 403 18 ease ease VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 403 19 interpretation interpretation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 403 20 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 404 1 In in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 404 2 so so RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 404 3 doing do VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 404 4 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 404 5 higher high JJR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 404 6 coefficients coefficient NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 404 7 indicate indicate VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 404 8 higher high JJR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 404 9 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 404 10 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 404 11 managing manage VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 404 12 procurement procurement NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 404 13 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 405 1 As as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 405 2 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 405 3 dependent dependent JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 405 4 variable variable NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 405 5 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 405 6 itself -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 405 7 an an DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 405 8 estimate estimate NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 405 9 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 405 10 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 405 11 make make VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 405 12 use use NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 405 13 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 405 14 bootstrapped bootstrappe VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 405 15 standard standard JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 405 16 errors error NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 405 17 based base VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 405 18 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 405 19 1,000 1,000 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 405 20 iterations iteration NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 405 21 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 406 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 406 2 specification specification NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 406 3 includes include VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 406 4 four four CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 406 5 groups group NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 406 6 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 406 7 variables variable NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 406 8 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 1 M M NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 2 h h NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 3 refers refer VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 4 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 5 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 6 auction auction NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 7 mechanism mechanism NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 8 applied apply VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 10 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 11 fraction fraction NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 12 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 13 direct direct JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 14 negotiations negotiation NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 16 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 17 H h NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 18 h h NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 19 refers refer VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 20 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 21 potential potential JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 22 scale scale NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 23 economies economy NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 24 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 25 purchasing purchase VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 27 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 28 logarithm logarithm NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 29 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 30 total total JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 31 personnel personnel NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 32 cost cost NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 33 or or CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 34 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 35 logarithm logarithm NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 36 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 37 healthcare healthcare NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 38 material material NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 39 purchases purchase NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 41 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 42 P p NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 43 h h NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 44 refers refer VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 45 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 46 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 47 distribution distribution NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 48 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 49 costs cost NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 50 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 51 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 52 fraction fraction NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 53 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 54 non non JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 55 - - JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 56 health health JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 57 personnel personnel NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 58 over over IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 59 total total JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 60 personnel personnel NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 61 costs cost NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 62 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 63 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 64 fraction fraction NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 65 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 66 healthcare healthcare NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 67 material material NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 68 purchases purchase NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 69 over over IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 70 total total JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 71 health health NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 72 costs cost NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 73 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 74 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 75 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 76 average average JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 77 number number NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 78 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 79 days day NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 80 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 81 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 82 takes take VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 83 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 84 pay pay VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 85 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 86 suppliers supplier NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 87 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 88 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 89 logarithm logarithm NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 90 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 91 days day NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 92 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 93 payable payable JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 94 outstanding outstanding JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 95 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 96 2012 2012 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 97 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 98 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 99 28 28 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 100 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 101 C C NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 102 h h NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 103 refers refer VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 104 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 105 control control VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 106 variables variable NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 107 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 108 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 109 nature nature NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 110 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 111 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 112 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 113 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 114 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 115 dummy dummy JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 116 ASL ASL NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 117 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 118 identifying identify VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 119 local local JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 120 healthcare healthcare NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 121 units unit NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 122 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 123 other other JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 124 than than IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 125 hospitals hospital NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 126 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 127 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 128 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 129 location location NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 130 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 131 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 132 metropolitan metropolitan JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 133 / / SYM cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 134 rural rural JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 135 area area NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 136 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 137 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 138 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 139 North North NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 140 / / SYM cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 141 Center Center NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 142 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 143 South South NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 144 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 145 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 146 country country NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 147 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 148 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 149 per per IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 150 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 151 capita capita NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 152 health health NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 153 expenditure expenditure NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 154 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 155 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 156 region region NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 157 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 158 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 159 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 407 160 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 408 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 408 2 latter latter JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 408 3 variable variable NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 408 4 interacts interact VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 408 5 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 408 6 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 408 7 Center Center NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 408 8 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 408 9 South South NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 408 10 dummy dummy NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 408 11 because because IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 408 12 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 408 13 countrywide countrywide JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 408 14 disparity disparity NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 408 15 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 408 16 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 408 17 Northern northern JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 408 18 outspending outspende VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 408 19 Southern southern JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 408 20 regions region NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 408 21 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 409 1 Table table NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 409 2 5 5 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 409 3 shows show VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 409 4 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 409 5 output output NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 409 6 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 409 7 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 409 8 regressions regression NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 409 9 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 409 10 using use VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 409 11 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 409 12 proxy proxy NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 409 13 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 409 14 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 409 15 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 409 16 obtained obtain VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 409 17 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 409 18 Equation equation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 409 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 409 20 12 12 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 409 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 409 22 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 409 23 Columns Columns NNPS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 409 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 409 25 1 1 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 409 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 409 27 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 409 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 409 29 2 2 LS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 409 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 409 31 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 409 32 using use VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 409 33 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 409 34 proxy proxy NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 409 35 obtained obtain VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 409 36 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 409 37 Equation equation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 409 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 409 39 14 14 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 409 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 409 41 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 409 42 Columns column NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 409 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 409 44 3 3 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 409 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 409 46 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 409 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 409 48 4 4 LS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 409 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 409 50 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 410 1 For for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 410 2 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 410 3 measure measure NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 410 4 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 410 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 410 6 consider consider VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 410 7 two two CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 410 8 variants variant NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 410 9 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 410 10 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 410 11 specification specification NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 410 12 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 410 13 depending depend VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 410 14 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 410 15 which which WDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 410 16 variable variable NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 410 17 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 410 18 used use VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 410 19 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 410 20 H H NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 410 21 h h NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 410 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 410 23 either either CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 410 24 total total JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 410 25 personnel personnel NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 410 26 costs cost NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 410 27 or or CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 410 28 healthcare healthcare NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 410 29 material material NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 410 30 purchases purchase NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 410 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 410 32 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 411 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 411 2 do do VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 411 3 not not RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 411 4 include include VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 411 5 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 411 6 two two CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 411 7 variables variable NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 411 8 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 411 9 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 411 10 same same JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 411 11 specification specification NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 411 12 because because IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 411 13 they -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 411 14 both both DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 411 15 proxy proxy VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 411 16 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 411 17 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 411 18 size size NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 411 19 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 411 20 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 411 21 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 411 22 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 411 23 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 411 24 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 411 25 highly highly RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 411 26 correlated correlate VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 411 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 411 28 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 411 29 correlation correlation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 411 30 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 411 31 0.79 0.79 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 411 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 411 33 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 412 1 A a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 412 2 regression regression NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 412 3 equation equation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 412 4 using use VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 412 5 both both DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 412 6 variables variable NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 412 7 would would MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 412 8 not not RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 412 9 precisely precisely RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 412 10 identify identify VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 412 11 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 412 12 contribution contribution NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 412 13 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 412 14 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 412 15 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 413 1 Since since IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 413 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 413 3 a a FW cord-255762-qd6fht8y 413 4 priori priori FW cord-255762-qd6fht8y 413 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 413 6 have have VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 413 7 no no DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 413 8 preference preference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 413 9 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 413 10 either either DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 413 11 variable variable NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 413 12 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 413 13 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 413 14 look look VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 413 15 at at IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 413 16 them -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 413 17 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 413 18 two two CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 413 19 separate separate JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 413 20 models model NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 413 21 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 414 1 Table table NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 414 2 5 5 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 414 3 shows show VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 414 4 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 414 5 output output NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 414 6 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 414 7 IV IV NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 414 8 rather rather RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 414 9 than than IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 414 10 standard standard JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 414 11 OLS OLS NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 414 12 regressions regression NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 414 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 414 14 shown show VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 414 15 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 414 16 Appendix Appendix NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 414 17 A.7.1 A.7.1 NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 414 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 414 19 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 415 1 This this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 415 2 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 415 3 due due JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 415 4 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 415 5 concern concern NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 415 6 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 415 7 there there EX cord-255762-qd6fht8y 415 8 may may MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 415 9 be be VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 415 10 simultaneity simultaneity NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 415 11 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 415 12 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 415 13 mechanism mechanism NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 415 14 variable variable NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 415 15 M M NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 415 16 h h NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 415 17 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 416 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 416 2 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 416 3 decision decision NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 416 4 about about IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 416 5 which which WDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 416 6 auction auction NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 416 7 mechanism mechanism NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 416 8 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 416 9 implement implement VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 416 10 may may MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 416 11 influence influence VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 416 12 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 416 13 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 416 14 at at IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 416 15 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 416 16 same same JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 416 17 time time NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 416 18 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 416 19 be be VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 416 20 influenced influence VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 416 21 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 416 22 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 416 23 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 416 24 itself -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 416 25 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 417 1 This this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 417 2 could could MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 417 3 create create VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 417 4 endogeneity endogeneity NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 417 5 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 417 6 yielding yield VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 417 7 inconsistent inconsistent JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 417 8 estimates estimate NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 417 9 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 418 1 In in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 418 2 all all DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 418 3 columns column NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 418 4 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 418 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 418 6 therefore therefore RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 418 7 instrument instrument VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 418 8 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 418 9 mechanism mechanism NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 418 10 variable variable NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 418 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 418 12 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 418 13 fraction fraction NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 418 14 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 418 15 direct direct JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 418 16 negotiations negotiation NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 418 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 418 18 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 418 19 two two CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 418 20 variables variable NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 418 21 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 418 22 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 418 23 fraction fraction NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 418 24 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 418 25 multi multi JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 418 26 - - JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 418 27 device device JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 418 28 auctions auction NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 418 29 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 418 30 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 418 31 PB pb NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 418 32 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 418 33 specific specific JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 418 34 average average JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 418 35 quantity quantity NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 418 36 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 418 37 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 418 38 auctioned auction VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 418 39 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 419 1 Both both DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 419 2 instruments instrument NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 419 3 inform inform VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 419 4 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 419 5 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 419 6 size size NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 419 7 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 419 8 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 419 9 auction auction NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 419 10 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 420 1 This this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 420 2 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 420 3 important important JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 420 4 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 420 5 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 420 6 smaller small JJR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 420 7 auctions auction NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 420 8 face face VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 420 9 fewer few JJR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 420 10 legislative legislative JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 420 11 constraints constraint NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 420 12 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 420 13 using use VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 420 14 direct direct JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 420 15 negotiation negotiation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 420 16 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 421 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 421 2 two two CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 421 3 instruments instrument NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 421 4 should should MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 421 5 be be VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 421 6 directly directly RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 421 7 correlated correlate VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 421 8 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 421 9 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 421 10 procurement procurement NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 421 11 mechanism mechanism NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 421 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 421 13 i.e. i.e. FW cord-255762-qd6fht8y 421 14 they -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 421 15 should should MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 421 16 be be VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 421 17 relevant relevant JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 421 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 421 19 but but CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 421 20 not not RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 421 21 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 421 22 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 421 23 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 422 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 422 2 i.e. i.e. FW cord-255762-qd6fht8y 422 3 they -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 422 4 should should MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 422 5 be be VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 422 6 exogenous exogenous JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 422 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 422 8 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 1 This this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 2 set set NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 3 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 4 instruments instrument NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 5 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 6 found find VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 7 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 8 be be VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 9 relevant relevant JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 10 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 11 exogenous exogenous JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 12 according accord VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 13 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 14 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 15 standard standard JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 16 tests test NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 17 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 18 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 19 it -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 20 rejects reject VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 21 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 22 null null JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 23 hypothesis hypothesis NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 24 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 25 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 26 Kleibergen Kleibergen NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 27 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 28 Paap Paap NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 29 test test NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 30 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 31 relevance relevance NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 32 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 33 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 34 accepts accept VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 35 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 36 null null JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 37 hypothesis hypothesis NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 38 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 39 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 40 Sargan Sargan NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 41 test test NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 42 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 43 over over RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 44 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 45 identifying identify VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 46 restrictions restriction NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 48 p p NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 49 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 50 values value NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 51 at at IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 52 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 53 bottom bottom NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 54 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 55 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 56 table table NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 57 ; ; : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 58 see see VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 59 also also RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 60 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 61 output output NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 62 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 63 first first JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 64 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 65 stage stage NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 66 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 67 reduced reduce VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 68 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 69 form form NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 70 regressions regression NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 71 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 72 Appendix Appendix NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 73 A.7.2 A.7.2 NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 74 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 423 75 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 424 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 424 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 424 3 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 424 4 Hausman Hausman NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 424 5 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 424 6 Wu Wu NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 424 7 test test NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 424 8 suggests suggest VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 424 9 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 424 10 endogeneity endogeneity NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 424 11 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 424 12 indeed indeed RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 424 13 present present JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 424 14 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 424 15 at at IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 424 16 least least JJS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 424 17 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 424 18 Columns Columns NNPS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 424 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 424 20 1 1 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 424 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 424 22 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 424 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 424 24 2 2 LS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 424 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 424 26 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 424 27 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 424 28 IV IV NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 424 29 models model NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 424 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 424 31 p p NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 424 32 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 424 33 values value NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 424 34 at at IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 424 35 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 424 36 bottom bottom NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 424 37 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 424 38 Table table NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 424 39 5 5 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 424 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 424 41 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 424 42 therefore therefore RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 424 43 advisable advisable JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 424 44 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 425 1 Below below RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 425 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 425 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 425 4 comment comment VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 425 5 only only RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 425 6 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 425 7 coefficients coefficient NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 425 8 that that WDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 425 9 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 425 10 significant significant JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 425 11 at at IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 425 12 least least JJS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 425 13 at at IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 425 14 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 425 15 5 5 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 425 16 % % NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 425 17 level level NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 425 18 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 426 1 Importantly importantly RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 426 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 426 3 IV IV NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 426 4 estimates estimate NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 426 5 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 426 6 Table Table NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 426 7 5 5 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 426 8 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 426 9 OLS OLS NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 426 10 estimates estimate NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 426 11 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 426 12 Appendix Appendix NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 426 13 A.7.1 A.7.1 NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 426 14 produce produce VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 426 15 similar similar JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 426 16 results result NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 426 17 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 426 18 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 426 19 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 426 20 main main JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 426 21 exception exception NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 426 22 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 426 23 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 426 24 fraction fraction NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 426 25 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 426 26 direct direct JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 426 27 negotiations negotiation NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 426 28 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 426 29 that that DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 426 30 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 426 31 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 426 32 endogeneous endogeneous JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 426 33 explanatory explanatory JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 426 34 variable variable NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 426 35 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 427 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 427 2 key key JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 427 3 findings finding NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 427 4 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 427 5 all all PDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 427 6 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 427 7 models model NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 427 8 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 427 9 Table Table NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 427 10 5 5 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 427 11 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 427 12 qualitatively qualitatively RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 427 13 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 427 14 same same JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 427 15 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 428 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 428 2 analysis analysis NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 428 3 shows show VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 428 4 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 428 5 direct direct JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 428 6 negotiations negotiation NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 428 7 have have VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 428 8 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 428 9 negative negative JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 428 10 impact impact NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 428 11 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 428 12 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 428 13 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 428 14 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 1 According accord VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 2 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 3 Column column NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 5 2 2 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 7 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 8 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 9 10 10 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 10 % % NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 11 increase increase NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 12 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 13 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 14 fraction fraction NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 15 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 16 direct direct JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 17 negotiations negotiation NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 18 decreases decrease VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 19 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 20 fixed fix VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 21 effects effect NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 22 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 23 0.19 0.19 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 24 or or CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 25 9.22 9.22 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 26 % % NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 28 -0.19 -0.19 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 29 divided divide VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 30 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 31 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 32 average average NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 33 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 34 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 35 dependent dependent JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 36 variable variable NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 37 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 38 2.060 2.060 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 40 ; ; : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 41 according accord VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 42 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 43 Column column NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 45 4 4 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 47 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 48 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 49 same same JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 50 change change NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 51 has have VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 52 an an DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 53 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 54 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 55 -0.05 -0.05 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 56 or or CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 57 -14.66 -14.66 . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 58 % % NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 59 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 60 -0.05/0.341 -0.05/0.341 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 61 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 429 62 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 430 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 430 2 reason reason NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 430 3 could could MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 430 4 be be VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 430 5 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 430 6 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 430 7 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 430 8 line line NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 430 9 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 430 10 Italian italian JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 430 11 public public JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 430 12 procurement procurement NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 430 13 law law NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 430 14 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 430 15 direct direct JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 430 16 negotiations negotiation NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 430 17 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 430 18 used use VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 430 19 when when WRB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 430 20 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 430 21 purchased purchase VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 430 22 item item NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 430 23 has have VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 430 24 specific specific JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 430 25 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 430 26 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 430 27 competition competition NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 430 28 would would MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 430 29 neglect neglect VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 430 30 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 431 1 This this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 431 2 explains explain VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 431 3 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 431 4 higher high JJR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 431 5 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 431 6 paid pay VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 431 7 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 431 8 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 431 9 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 431 10 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 431 11 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 431 12 thus thus RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 431 13 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 431 14 negative negative JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 431 15 impact impact NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 431 16 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 431 17 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 431 18 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 431 19 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 432 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 432 2 also also RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 432 3 find find VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 432 4 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 432 5 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 432 6 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 432 7 size size NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 432 8 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 432 9 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 432 10 measured measure VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 432 11 using use VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 432 12 either either CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 432 13 total total JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 432 14 personnel personnel NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 432 15 cost cost NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 432 16 or or CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 432 17 healthcare healthcare NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 432 18 purchases purchase NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 432 19 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 432 20 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 432 21 positive positive JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 432 22 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 432 23 significant significant JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 432 24 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 433 1 Considering consider VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 433 2 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 433 3 variables variable NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 433 4 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 433 5 costs cost NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 433 6 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 433 7 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 433 8 find find VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 433 9 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 433 10 positive positive JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 433 11 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 433 12 highly highly RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 433 13 significant significant JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 433 14 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 433 15 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 433 16 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 433 17 ratio ratio NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 433 18 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 433 19 non non JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 433 20 - - JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 433 21 health health JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 433 22 personnel personnel NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 433 23 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 433 24 total total JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 433 25 personnel personnel NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 433 26 costs cost NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 433 27 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 434 1 When when WRB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 434 2 two two CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 434 3 PBs pb NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 434 4 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 434 5 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 434 6 same same JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 434 7 size size NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 434 8 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 434 9 compared compare VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 434 10 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 434 11 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 434 12 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 434 13 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 434 14 higher high JJR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 434 15 costs cost NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 434 16 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 434 17 non non JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 434 18 - - JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 434 19 healthcare healthcare JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 434 20 personnel personnel NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 434 21 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 434 22 more more RBR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 434 23 competent competent JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 434 24 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 434 25 procuring procure VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 434 26 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 434 27 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 434 28 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 435 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 435 2 also also RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 435 3 find find VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 435 4 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 435 5 generally generally RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 435 6 negative negative JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 435 7 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 435 8 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 435 9 healthcare healthcare NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 435 10 purchases purchase NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 435 11 over over IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 435 12 total total JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 435 13 healthcare healthcare NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 435 14 expenditure expenditure NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 435 15 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 435 16 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 435 17 line line NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 435 18 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 435 19 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 435 20 definition definition NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 435 21 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 435 22 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 435 23 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 435 24 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 436 1 Once once IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 436 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 436 3 focus focus VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 436 4 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 436 5 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 436 6 type type NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 436 7 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 436 8 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 436 9 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 436 10 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 436 11 find find VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 436 12 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 436 13 local local JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 436 14 healthcare healthcare NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 436 15 units unit NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 436 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 436 17 measured measure VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 436 18 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 436 19 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 436 20 coefficient coefficient NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 436 21 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 436 22 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 436 23 ASL ASL NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 436 24 dummy dummy NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 436 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 436 26 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 436 27 less less RBR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 436 28 competent competent JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 436 29 than than IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 436 30 hospitals hospital NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 436 31 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 437 1 These these DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 437 2 two two CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 437 3 types type NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 437 4 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 437 5 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 437 6 differ differ VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 437 7 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 437 8 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 437 9 form form NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 437 10 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 437 11 territorial territorial JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 437 12 organization organization NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 437 13 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 437 14 local local JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 437 15 healthcare healthcare NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 437 16 units unit NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 437 17 provide provide VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 437 18 services service NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 437 19 -typically -typically RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 437 20 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 437 21 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 437 22 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 437 23 county county NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 437 24 -with -with . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 438 1 several several JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 438 2 offices office NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 438 3 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 438 4 outpatient outpatient NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 438 5 clinics clinic NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 438 6 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 438 7 services service NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 438 8 spread spread VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 438 9 over over IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 438 10 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 438 11 territory territory NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 438 12 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 439 1 Hospitals hospital NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 439 2 generally generally RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 439 3 comprise comprise VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 439 4 numerous numerous JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 439 5 departments department NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 439 6 all all RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 439 7 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 439 8 one one CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 439 9 location location NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 439 10 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 439 11 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 439 12 accordingly accordingly RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 439 13 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 439 14 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 439 15 more more RBR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 439 16 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 439 17 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 439 18 size size NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 439 19 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 439 20 related relate VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 439 21 economies economy NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 439 22 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 439 23 scale scale NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 439 24 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 440 1 Hence hence RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 440 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 440 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 440 4 repeat repeat VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 440 5 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 440 6 analysis analysis NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 440 7 adding add VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 440 8 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 440 9 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 440 10 specification specification NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 440 11 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 440 12 interaction interaction NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 440 13 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 440 14 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 440 15 ASL ASL NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 440 16 dummy dummy NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 440 17 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 440 18 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 440 19 size size NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 440 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 440 21 measured measure VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 440 22 either either CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 440 23 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 440 24 personnel personnel NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 440 25 costs cost NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 440 26 or or CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 440 27 healthcare healthcare NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 440 28 purchases purchase NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 440 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 440 30 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 441 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 441 2 results result NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 441 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 441 4 available available JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 441 5 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 441 6 request request NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 441 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 441 8 show show VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 441 9 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 441 10 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 441 11 negative negative JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 441 12 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 441 13 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 441 14 local local JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 441 15 healthcare healthcare NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 441 16 units unit NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 441 17 disappears disappear VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 441 18 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 441 19 small small JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 441 20 PBs pb NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 441 21 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 441 22 but but CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 441 23 remains remain VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 441 24 negative negative JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 441 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 441 26 increasingly increasingly RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 441 27 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 441 28 size size NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 441 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 441 30 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 441 31 all all PDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 441 32 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 441 33 others other NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 441 34 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 442 1 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 442 2 type type NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 442 3 does do VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 442 4 not not RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 442 5 only only RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 442 6 influence influence VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 442 7 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 442 8 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 442 9 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 442 10 size size NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 442 11 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 442 12 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 442 13 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 443 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 443 2 negative negative JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 443 3 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 443 4 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 443 5 location location NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 443 6 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 443 7 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 443 8 metropolitan metropolitan JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 443 9 area area NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 443 10 disappears disappear VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 443 11 when when WRB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 443 12 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 443 13 interaction interaction NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 443 14 between between IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 443 15 metropolitan metropolitan JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 443 16 area area NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 443 17 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 443 18 ASL ASL NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 443 19 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 443 20 added add VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 443 21 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 443 22 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 443 23 specification specification NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 443 24 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 443 25 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 443 26 only only RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 443 27 that that DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 443 28 interaction interaction NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 443 29 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 443 30 negative negative JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 443 31 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 443 32 highly highly RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 443 33 significant significant JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 443 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 443 35 results result NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 443 36 available available JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 443 37 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 443 38 request request NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 443 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 443 40 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 444 1 Moving move VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 444 2 on on RP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 444 3 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 444 4 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 444 5 control control NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 444 6 variables variable NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 444 7 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 444 8 there there EX cord-255762-qd6fht8y 444 9 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 444 10 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 444 11 negative negative JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 444 12 overall overall JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 444 13 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 444 14 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 444 15 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 444 16 number number NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 444 17 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 444 18 outstanding outstanding JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 444 19 days day NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 444 20 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 444 21 payment payment NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 444 22 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 445 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 445 2 expectation expectation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 445 3 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 445 4 delayed delay VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 445 5 payments payment NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 445 6 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 445 7 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 445 8 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 445 9 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 445 10 built build VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 445 11 into into IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 445 12 supplier supplier NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 445 13 offers offer NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 445 14 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 445 15 i.e. i.e. FW cord-255762-qd6fht8y 445 16 they -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 445 17 submit submit VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 445 18 higher high JJR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 445 19 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 445 20 because because IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 445 21 they -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 445 22 expect expect VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 445 23 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 445 24 be be VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 445 25 paid pay VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 445 26 late late RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 445 27 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 446 1 Column column NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 446 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 446 3 4 4 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 446 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 446 5 shows show VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 446 6 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 446 7 significant significant JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 446 8 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 446 9 negative negative JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 446 10 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 446 11 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 446 12 PBs pb NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 446 13 located locate VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 446 14 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 446 15 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 446 16 Center Center NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 446 17 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 446 18 South South NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 446 19 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 447 1 This this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 447 2 geographical geographical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 447 3 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 447 4 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 447 5 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 447 6 line line NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 447 7 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 447 8 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 447 9 well well RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 447 10 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 447 11 known know VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 447 12 North North NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 447 13 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 447 14 South South NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 447 15 divide divide NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 447 16 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 447 17 Italy Italy NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 448 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 448 2 Federico Federico NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 448 3 et et NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 448 4 al al NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 448 5 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 448 6 2017 2017 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 448 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 448 8 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 449 1 With with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 449 2 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 449 3 focus focus NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 449 4 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 449 5 local local JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 449 6 public public JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 449 7 institutions institution NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 449 8 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 449 9 procurement procurement NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 449 10 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 449 11 Italy Italy NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 449 12 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 449 13 show show VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 449 14 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 449 15 court court NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 449 16 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 449 17 public public JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 449 18 works work NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 449 19 inefficiencies inefficiency NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 449 20 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 449 21 more more RBR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 449 22 severe severe JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 449 23 Note note NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 449 24 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 450 1 Bootstrapped bootstrappe VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 450 2 standard standard JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 450 3 errors error NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 450 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 450 5 1,000 1,000 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 450 6 repetitions repetition NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 450 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 450 8 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 450 9 parentheses parenthesis NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 450 10 ; ; : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 451 1 * * NFP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 451 2 * * NFP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 451 3 * * NFP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 451 4 p p XX cord-255762-qd6fht8y 451 5 < < XX cord-255762-qd6fht8y 451 6 0.01 0.01 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 451 7 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 452 1 * * NFP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 452 2 * * NFP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 452 3 < < XX cord-255762-qd6fht8y 452 4 0.05 0.05 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 452 5 , , . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 453 1 * * NFP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 453 2 p p XX cord-255762-qd6fht8y 453 3 < < XX cord-255762-qd6fht8y 453 4 0.1 0.1 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 453 5 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 454 1 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 454 2 Southern southern JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 454 3 regions region NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 454 4 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 455 1 29 29 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 456 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 456 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 456 3 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 456 4 analysis analysis NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 456 5 provides provide VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 456 6 further further JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 456 7 evidence evidence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 456 8 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 456 9 institutional institutional JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 456 10 inefficiency inefficiency NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 456 11 -for -for ADD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 456 12 PBs pb NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 456 13 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 456 14 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 456 15 healthcare healthcare NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 456 16 sector sector NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 456 17 -located -locate VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 456 18 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 456 19 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 456 20 Center Center NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 456 21 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 456 22 South South NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 456 23 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 456 24 Italy Italy NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 456 25 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 456 26 compared compare VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 456 27 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 456 28 PBs pb NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 456 29 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 456 30 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 456 31 North North NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 456 32 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 457 1 Significant significant JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 457 2 effects effect NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 457 3 can can MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 457 4 also also RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 457 5 be be VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 457 6 seen see VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 457 7 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 457 8 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 457 9 Columns column NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 457 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 457 11 3 3 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 457 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 457 13 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 457 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 457 15 4 4 LS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 457 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 457 17 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 457 18 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 457 19 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 457 20 size size NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 457 21 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 457 22 per per IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 457 23 capita capita FW cord-255762-qd6fht8y 457 24 health health NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 457 25 expenditures expenditure NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 457 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 457 27 positive positive JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 457 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 457 29 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 457 30 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 457 31 interaction interaction NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 457 32 between between IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 457 33 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 457 34 latter latter JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 457 35 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 457 36 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 457 37 geographical geographical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 457 38 variable variable NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 457 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 457 40 positive positive JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 457 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 457 42 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 458 1 No no DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 458 2 other other JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 458 3 variable variable NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 458 4 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 458 5 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 458 6 specification specification NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 458 7 turns turn VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 458 8 out out RP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 458 9 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 458 10 be be VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 458 11 significant significant JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 458 12 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 459 1 30 30 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 460 1 Appendix Appendix NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 460 2 A.7.3 A.7.3 NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 460 3 shows show VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 460 4 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 460 5 among among IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 460 6 others other NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 460 7 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 460 8 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 460 9 output output NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 460 10 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 460 11 Columns column NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 460 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 460 13 1)-(2 1)-(2 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 460 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 460 15 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 460 16 Table Table NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 460 17 5 5 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 460 18 using use VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 460 19 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 460 20 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 460 21 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 460 22 estimate estimate NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 460 23 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 460 24 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 460 25 fixed fix VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 460 26 effects effect NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 460 27 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 460 28 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 460 29 33rd 33rd JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 460 30 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 460 31 67th 67th JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 460 32 percentiles percentile NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 460 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 460 34 rather rather RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 460 35 than than IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 460 36 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 460 37 median median NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 460 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 460 39 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 460 40 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 460 41 private private JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 460 42 values value NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 460 43 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 461 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 461 2 main main JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 461 3 findings finding NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 461 4 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 461 5 unaltered unaltered JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 461 6 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 461 7 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 461 8 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 461 9 exception exception NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 461 10 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 461 11 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 461 12 fraction fraction NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 461 13 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 461 14 direct direct JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 461 15 negotiations negotiation NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 461 16 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 461 17 which which WDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 461 18 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 461 19 never never RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 461 20 significant significant JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 461 21 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 461 22 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 461 23 new new JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 461 24 estimates estimate NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 461 25 using use VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 461 26 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 461 27 67th 67th JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 461 28 percentile percentile NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 461 29 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 462 1 5 5 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 462 2 Reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 462 3 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 462 4 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 462 5 public public JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 462 6 buyer buyer NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 462 7 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 463 1 This this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 463 2 section section NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 463 3 empirically empirically RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 463 4 investigates investigate VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 463 5 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 463 6 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 463 7 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 463 8 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 463 9 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 463 10 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 463 11 policy policy NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 463 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 463 13 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 463 14 classes class NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 463 15 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 463 16 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 463 17 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 463 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 463 19 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 463 20 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 463 21 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 463 22 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 464 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 464 2 dataset dataset NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 464 3 covers cover VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 464 4 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 464 5 period period NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 464 6 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 464 7 January January NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 464 8 1 1 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 464 9 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 464 10 2013 2013 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 464 11 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 464 12 December December NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 464 13 31 31 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 464 14 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 464 15 2013 2013 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 464 16 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 465 1 Until until IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 465 2 May May NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 465 3 2 2 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 465 4 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 465 5 2013 2013 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 465 6 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 465 7 PBs PBs NNPS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 465 8 were be VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 465 9 forced force VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 465 10 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 465 11 law law NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 465 12 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 465 13 apply apply VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 465 14 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 465 15 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 465 16 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 465 17 established establish VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 465 18 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 465 19 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 465 20 AVCP avcp NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 465 21 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 465 22 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 465 23 class class NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 465 24 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 465 25 homogeneous homogeneous JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 465 26 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 465 27 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 465 28 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 466 1 First first RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 466 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 466 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 466 4 replicated replicate VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 466 5 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 466 6 regression regression NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 466 7 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 466 8 Equation equation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 466 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 466 10 12 12 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 466 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 466 12 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 466 13 but but CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 466 14 only only RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 466 15 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 466 16 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 466 17 subset subset NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 466 18 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 466 19 40 40 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 466 20 PBs pb NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 466 21 that that WDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 466 22 managed manage VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 466 23 awarding award VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 466 24 procedures procedure NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 466 25 both both CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 466 26 before before IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 466 27 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 466 28 after after IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 466 29 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 466 30 termination termination NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 466 31 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 466 32 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 466 33 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 466 34 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 466 35 policy policy NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 466 36 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 467 1 This this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 467 2 leads lead VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 467 3 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 467 4 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 467 5 dataset dataset NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 467 6 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 467 7 902 902 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 467 8 observations observation NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 467 9 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 467 10 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 467 11 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 467 12 paid pay VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 467 13 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 467 14 PBs pb NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 467 15 both both CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 467 16 before before IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 467 17 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 467 18 after after IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 467 19 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 467 20 abolition abolition NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 467 21 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 467 22 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 467 23 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 467 24 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 467 25 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 468 1 Figure figure NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 468 2 4 4 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 468 3 compares compare VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 468 4 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 468 5 distribution distribution NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 468 6 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 468 7 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 468 8 FEs FEs NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 468 9 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 468 10 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 468 11 measured measure VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 468 12 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 468 13 γ γ NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 468 14 h h NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 468 15 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 468 16 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 468 17 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 468 18 FEs FEs NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 468 19 under under IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 468 20 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 468 21 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 468 22 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 468 23 regime regime NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 468 24 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 468 25 given give VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 468 26 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 468 27 γ γ NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 468 28 h h NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 468 29 + + CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 468 30 φ φ NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 468 31 h h NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 468 32 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 469 1 With with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 469 2 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 469 3 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 469 4 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 469 5 policy policy NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 469 6 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 469 7 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 469 8 distribution distribution NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 469 9 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 469 10 FEs FEs NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 469 11 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 469 12 more more RBR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 469 13 concentrated concentrated JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 469 14 around around IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 469 15 central central JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 469 16 values value NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 469 17 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 469 18 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 469 19 distribution distribution NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 469 20 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 470 1 This this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 470 2 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 470 3 not not RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 470 4 surprising surprising JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 470 5 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 470 6 since since IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 470 7 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 470 8 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 470 9 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 470 10 policy policy NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 470 11 reduced reduce VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 470 12 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 470 13 discretion discretion NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 470 14 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 470 15 hence hence RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 470 16 removed remove VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 470 17 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 470 18 degree degree NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 470 19 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 470 20 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 470 21 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 471 1 To to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 471 2 further further RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 471 3 clarify clarify VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 471 4 what what WP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 471 5 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 471 6 going go VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 471 7 on on RP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 471 8 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 471 9 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 471 10 divided divide VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 471 11 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 471 12 sample sample NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 471 13 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 471 14 PBs PBs NNPS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 471 15 into into IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 471 16 four four CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 471 17 groups group NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 471 18 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 471 19 depending depend VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 471 20 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 471 21 whether whether IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 471 22 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 471 23 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 471 24 falls fall VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 471 25 below below IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 471 26 any any DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 471 27 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 471 28 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 471 29 quartiles quartile NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 471 30 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 471 31 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 471 32 distribution distribution NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 471 33 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 472 1 Ranking Ranking NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 472 2 PBs PBs NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 472 3 h h NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 472 4 = = SYM cord-255762-qd6fht8y 472 5 1 1 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 473 1 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 473 2 ... ... NFP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 473 3 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 473 4 H h NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 473 5 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 473 6 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 473 7 lowest low JJS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 473 8 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 473 9 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 473 10 highest high JJS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 473 11 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 473 12 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 473 13 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 473 14 can can MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 473 15 create create VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 473 16 four four CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 473 17 groups group NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 473 18 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 473 19 similar similar JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 473 20 size size NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 473 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 473 22 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 473 23 observation observation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 473 24 H h NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 473 25 i−1 i−1 VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 473 26 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 473 27 observation observation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 473 28 H h NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 473 29 i i NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 473 30 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 473 31 i i PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 473 32 = = SYM cord-255762-qd6fht8y 473 33 1 1 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 473 34 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 473 35 ... ... : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 473 36 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 473 37 4 4 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 473 38 ; ; : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 473 39 H h NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 473 40 0 0 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 473 41 = = SYM cord-255762-qd6fht8y 473 42 1 1 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 473 43 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 473 44 H h NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 473 45 4 4 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 473 46 = = SYM cord-255762-qd6fht8y 473 47 H h NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 473 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 473 49 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 474 1 For for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 474 2 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 474 3 group group NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 474 4 i i PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 474 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 474 6 then then RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 474 7 ran run VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 474 8 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 474 9 following following JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 474 10 regression regression NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 474 11 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 474 12 29 29 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 475 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 475 2 authors author NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 475 3 show show VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 475 4 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 475 5 -in -in : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 475 6 areas area NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 475 7 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 475 8 inefficient inefficient JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 475 9 local local JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 475 10 courts court NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 475 11 -public -public JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 475 12 works work NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 475 13 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 475 14 delivered deliver VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 475 15 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 475 16 longer long JJR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 475 17 delays delay NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 475 18 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 475 19 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 475 20 larger large JJR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 475 21 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 475 22 contract contract NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 475 23 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 475 24 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 475 25 longer long RBR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 475 26 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 475 27 delay delay NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 475 28 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 476 1 Specifically specifically RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 476 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 476 3 since since IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 476 4 local local JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 476 5 courts court NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 476 6 enforce enforce VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 476 7 procurement procurement NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 476 8 contracts contract NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 476 9 managed manage VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 476 10 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 476 11 local local JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 476 12 PBs PBs NNPS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 476 13 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 476 14 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 476 15 inefficiency inefficiency NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 476 16 weakens weaken VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 476 17 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 476 18 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 476 19 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 476 20 making make VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 476 21 it -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 476 22 less less RBR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 476 23 able able JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 476 24 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 476 25 managing manage VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 476 26 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 476 27 overall overall JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 476 28 purchasing purchasing NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 476 29 process process NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 476 30 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 477 1 30 30 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 478 1 One one CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 478 2 limitation limitation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 478 3 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 478 4 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 478 5 study study NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 478 6 may may MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 478 7 be be VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 478 8 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 478 9 treatment treatment NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 478 10 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 478 11 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 478 12 entry entry NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 478 13 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 478 14 awarding award VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 478 15 procedures procedure NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 478 16 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 479 1 Such such JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 479 2 entry entry NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 479 3 can can MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 479 4 be be VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 479 5 affected affect VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 479 6 both both CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 479 7 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 479 8 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 479 9 buyer buyer NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 479 10 choice choice NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 479 11 about about IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 479 12 which which WDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 479 13 awarding award VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 479 14 procedure procedure NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 479 15 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 479 16 implement implement VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 479 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 479 18 i.e. i.e. FW cord-255762-qd6fht8y 479 19 FPA fpa NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 479 20 or or CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 479 21 direct direct JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 479 22 negotiation negotiation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 479 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 479 24 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 479 25 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 479 26 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 479 27 supplier supplier NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 479 28 decision decision NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 479 29 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 479 30 enter enter VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 479 31 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 479 32 procedure procedure NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 479 33 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 480 1 Explicitly explicitly RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 480 2 incorporating incorporate VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 480 3 these these DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 480 4 types type NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 480 5 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 480 6 endogeneity endogeneity NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 480 7 would would MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 480 8 have have VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 480 9 required require VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 480 10 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 480 11 multiple multiple JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 480 12 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 480 13 stage stage NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 480 14 model model NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 480 15 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 480 16 which which WDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 480 17 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 480 18 leave leave VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 480 19 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 480 20 future future JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 480 21 research research NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 480 22 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 481 1 However however RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 481 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 481 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 481 4 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 481 5 reassuring reassuring JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 481 6 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 481 7 both both CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 481 8 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 481 9 semi semi JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 481 10 - - JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 481 11 parametric parametric JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 481 12 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 481 13 parametric parametric JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 481 14 estimates estimate NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 481 15 provide provide VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 481 16 similar similar JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 481 17 conclusions conclusion NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 481 18 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 482 1 J J NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 482 2 o o NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 483 1 u u NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 483 2 r r NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 483 3 n n NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 483 4 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 483 5 l l NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 483 6 P p NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 483 7 r r NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 483 8 e e NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 483 9 -p -p NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 483 10 r r NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 483 11 o o NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 483 12 o o NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 483 13 f f NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 483 14 _SP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 483 15 Equation Equation NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 483 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 483 17 15 15 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 483 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 483 19 differs differ VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 483 20 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 483 21 Equation equation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 483 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 483 23 12 12 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 483 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 483 25 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 483 26 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 483 27 inclusion inclusion NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 483 28 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 483 29 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 483 30 common common JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 483 31 rather rather RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 483 32 than than IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 483 33 PB pb NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 483 34 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 483 35 specific specific JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 483 36 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 483 37 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 483 38 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 483 39 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 483 40 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 483 41 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 484 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 484 2 results result NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 484 3 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 484 4 shown show VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 484 5 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 484 6 Table Table NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 484 7 6 6 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 484 8 separately separately RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 484 9 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 484 10 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 484 11 models model NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 484 12 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 484 13 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 484 14 without without IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 484 15 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 484 16 structural structural JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 484 17 estimation estimation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 484 18 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 484 19 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 484 20 costs cost NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 484 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 484 22 panel panel NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 484 23 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 484 24 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 484 25 panel panel NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 484 26 b b NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 484 27 respectively respectively RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 484 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 484 29 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 484 30 following follow VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 484 31 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 484 32 approach approach NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 484 33 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 484 34 Section section NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 484 35 4 4 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 484 36 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 484 37 31 31 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 485 1 Although although IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 485 2 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 485 3 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 485 4 overall overall RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 485 5 have have VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 485 6 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 485 7 negative negative JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 485 8 impact impact NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 485 9 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 485 10 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 485 11 final final JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 485 12 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 485 13 net net NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 485 14 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 485 15 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 485 16 marginal marginal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 485 17 cost cost NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 485 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 485 19 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 485 20 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 485 21 magnitude magnitude NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 485 22 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 485 23 around around IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 485 24 -45 -45 NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 485 25 % % NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 485 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 485 27 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 485 28 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 485 29 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 485 30 varies vary VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 485 31 widely widely RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 485 32 depending depend VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 485 33 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 485 34 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 485 35 initial initial JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 485 36 level level NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 485 37 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 485 38 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 485 39 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 485 40 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 485 41 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 485 42 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 486 1 In in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 486 2 fact fact NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 486 3 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 486 4 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 486 5 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 486 6 have have VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 486 7 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 486 8 strong strong JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 486 9 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 486 10 negative negative JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 486 11 impact impact NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 486 12 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 486 13 low low JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 486 14 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 486 15 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 486 16 PBs PBs NNPS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 486 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 486 18 first first JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 486 19 quartile quartile NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 486 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 486 21 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 486 22 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 486 23 strong strong JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 486 24 positive positive JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 486 25 impact impact NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 486 26 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 486 27 high high JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 486 28 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 486 29 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 486 30 PBs pb NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 486 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 486 32 fourth fourth JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 486 33 quartile quartile NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 486 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 486 35 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 486 36 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 486 37 have have VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 486 38 no no DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 486 39 impact impact NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 486 40 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 486 41 average average JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 486 42 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 486 43 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 486 44 PBs pb NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 486 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 486 46 second second JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 486 47 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 486 48 third third JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 486 49 quartiles quartile NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 486 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 486 51 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 487 1 With with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 487 2 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 487 3 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 487 4 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 487 5 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 487 6 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 487 7 distance distance NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 487 8 between between IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 487 9 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 487 10 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 487 11 marginal marginal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 487 12 costs cost NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 487 13 shrinks shrink VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 487 14 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 487 15 low low JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 487 16 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 487 17 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 487 18 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 487 19 increases increase NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 487 20 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 487 21 high high JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 487 22 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 487 23 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 487 24 PBs pb NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 487 25 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 488 1 Changes change NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 488 2 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 488 3 non non JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 488 4 - - JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 488 5 negligible negligible JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 488 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 488 7 -137.9 -137.9 NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 488 8 % % NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 488 9 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 488 10 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 488 11 lowcompetence lowcompetence NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 488 12 sample sample NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 488 13 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 488 14 89.1 89.1 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 488 15 % % NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 488 16 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 488 17 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 488 18 high high JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 488 19 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 488 20 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 488 21 sample sample NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 488 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 488 23 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 489 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 489 2 findings finding NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 489 3 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 489 4 similar similar JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 489 5 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 489 6 panel panel NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 489 7 b b NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 489 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 489 9 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 489 10 except except IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 489 11 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 489 12 there there EX cord-255762-qd6fht8y 489 13 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 489 14 no no RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 489 15 longer long RBR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 489 16 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 489 17 significantly significantly RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 489 18 negative negative JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 489 19 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 489 20 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 489 21 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 489 22 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 489 23 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 489 24 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 489 25 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 489 26 full full JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 489 27 sample sample NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 489 28 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 490 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 490 2 R r NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 490 3 2 2 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 490 4 statistics statistic NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 490 5 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 490 6 panel panel NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 490 7 b b NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 490 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 490 9 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 490 10 much much RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 490 11 higher high JJR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 490 12 than than IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 490 13 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 490 14 panel panel NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 490 15 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 490 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 490 17 due due IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 490 18 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 490 19 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 490 20 inclusion inclusion NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 490 21 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 490 22 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 490 23 specification specification NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 490 24 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 490 25 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 490 26 FEs FEs NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 490 27 accounting account VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 490 28 alone alone RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 490 29 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 490 30 about about RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 490 31 40 40 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 490 32 % % NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 490 33 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 490 34 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 490 35 fit fit NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 490 36 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 491 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 491 2 interpret interpret VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 491 3 this this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 491 4 non non JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 491 5 - - JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 491 6 linear linear JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 491 7 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 491 8 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 491 9 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 491 10 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 491 11 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 491 12 policy policy NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 491 13 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 491 14 awarding award VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 491 15 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 491 16 as as RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 491 17 directly directly RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 491 18 related relate VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 491 19 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 491 20 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 491 21 discretion discretion NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 491 22 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 491 23 determining determine VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 491 24 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 491 25 reserve reserve NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 491 26 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 491 27 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 491 28 distinguishing distinguish VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 491 29 high high JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 491 30 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 491 31 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 491 32 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 491 33 low low JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 491 34 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 491 35 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 491 36 PBs pb NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 491 37 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 3 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 4 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 5 absence absence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 6 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 7 mandatory mandatory JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 8 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 9 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 10 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 11 high high JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 12 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 13 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 14 PBs pb NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 15 can can MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 16 freely freely RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 17 determine determine VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 18 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 19 reserve reserve NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 20 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 22 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 23 maximum maximum JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 24 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 25 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 26 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 27 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 28 willing willing JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 29 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 30 pay pay VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 32 so so IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 33 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 34 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 35 maximise maximise VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 36 savings saving NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 37 via via IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 38 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 39 most most RBS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 40 efficient efficient JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 41 supplier supplier NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 42 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 43 while while IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 44 low low JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 45 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 46 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 47 PBs pb NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 48 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 49 very very RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 50 far far RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 51 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 52 obtaining obtain VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 53 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 54 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 55 close close JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 56 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 57 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 58 most most RBS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 59 efficient efficient JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 60 supplier supplier NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 61 's 's POS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 62 marginal marginal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 63 cost cost NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 492 64 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 493 1 Note note VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 493 2 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 494 1 Standard standard JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 494 2 errors error NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 494 3 clustered cluster VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 494 4 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 494 5 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 494 6 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 494 7 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 494 8 parentheses parenthesis NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 494 9 ; ; : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 495 1 * * NFP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 495 2 * * NFP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 495 3 * * NFP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 495 4 p p XX cord-255762-qd6fht8y 495 5 < < XX cord-255762-qd6fht8y 495 6 0.01 0.01 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 495 7 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 496 1 * * NFP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 496 2 * * NFP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 496 3 < < XX cord-255762-qd6fht8y 496 4 0.05 0.05 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 496 5 , , . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 497 1 * * NFP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 497 2 p p XX cord-255762-qd6fht8y 497 3 < < XX cord-255762-qd6fht8y 497 4 0.1 0.1 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 497 5 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 498 1 When when WRB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 498 2 mandatory mandatory JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 498 3 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 498 4 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 498 5 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 498 6 at at IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 498 7 work work NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 498 8 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 498 9 high high JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 498 10 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 498 11 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 498 12 PBs pb NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 498 13 have have VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 498 14 less less JJR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 498 15 discretion discretion NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 498 16 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 498 17 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 498 18 awarding awarding NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 498 19 procedure procedure NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 498 20 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 498 21 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 498 22 this this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 498 23 decreases decrease VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 498 24 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 498 25 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 498 26 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 498 27 obtaining obtain VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 498 28 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 498 29 best good JJS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 498 30 final final JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 498 31 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 498 32 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 499 1 By by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 499 2 contrast contrast NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 499 3 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 499 4 low low JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 499 5 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 499 6 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 499 7 PBs pb NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 499 8 may may MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 499 9 benefit benefit VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 499 10 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 499 11 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 499 12 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 499 13 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 499 14 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 499 15 they -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 499 16 can can MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 499 17 be be VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 499 18 lower low JJR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 499 19 than than IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 499 20 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 499 21 reserve reserve NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 499 22 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 499 23 they -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 499 24 would would MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 499 25 have have VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 499 26 adopted adopt VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 499 27 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 499 28 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 499 29 absence absence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 499 30 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 499 31 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 499 32 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 499 33 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 499 34 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 499 35 thus thus RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 499 36 allowing allow VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 499 37 PBs pb NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 499 38 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 499 39 pay pay VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 499 40 lower low JJR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 499 41 final final JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 499 42 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 499 43 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 500 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 500 2 perform perform VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 500 3 three three CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 500 4 robustness robustness NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 500 5 check check NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 500 6 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 500 7 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 500 8 regressions regression NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 500 9 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 500 10 Table Table NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 500 11 6 6 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 500 12 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 501 1 First first RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 501 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 501 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 501 4 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 501 5 aware aware JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 501 6 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 501 7 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 501 8 results result NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 501 9 originate originate VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 501 10 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 501 11 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 501 12 before before NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 501 13 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 501 14 after after IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 501 15 setting set VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 501 16 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 501 17 no no DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 501 18 control control NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 501 19 groups group NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 501 20 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 501 21 which which WDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 501 22 does do VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 501 23 not not RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 501 24 allow allow VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 501 25 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 501 26 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 501 27 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 501 28 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 501 29 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 501 30 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 501 31 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 501 32 be be VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 501 33 distinguished distinguish VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 501 34 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 501 35 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 501 36 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 501 37 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 501 38 time time NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 501 39 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 502 1 In in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 502 2 order order NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 502 3 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 502 4 disentangle disentangle VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 502 5 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 502 6 two two CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 502 7 effects effect NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 502 8 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 502 9 would would MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 502 10 need need VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 502 11 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 502 12 setting setting NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 502 13 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 502 14 both both DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 502 15 treatment treatment NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 502 16 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 502 17 control control NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 502 18 groups group NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 502 19 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 502 20 where where WRB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 502 21 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 502 22 could could MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 502 23 compare compare VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 502 24 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 502 25 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 502 26 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 502 27 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 502 28 other other JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 502 29 goods good NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 502 30 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 502 31 which which WDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 502 32 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 502 33 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 502 34 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 502 35 remained remain VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 502 36 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 502 37 force force NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 502 38 throughout throughout IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 502 39 2013 2013 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 502 40 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 503 1 Hence hence RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 503 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 503 3 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 503 4 Appendix Appendix NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 503 5 A.5 A.5 NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 503 6 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 503 7 comment comment VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 503 8 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 503 9 an an DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 503 10 exercise exercise NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 503 11 obtained obtain VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 503 12 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 503 13 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 503 14 dataset dataset NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 503 15 including include VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 503 16 homogeneous homogeneous JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 503 17 drugs drug NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 503 18 no no RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 503 19 longer long RBR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 503 20 covered cover VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 503 21 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 503 22 patent patent NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 503 23 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 504 1 Unfortunately unfortunately RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 504 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 504 3 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 504 4 new new JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 504 5 data datum NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 504 6 can can MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 504 7 be be VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 504 8 used use VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 504 9 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 504 10 replicate replicate VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 504 11 only only RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 504 12 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 504 13 analysis analysis NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 504 14 without without IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 504 15 structural structural JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 504 16 estimation estimation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 504 17 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 504 18 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 504 19 costs cost NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 504 20 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 505 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 505 2 results result NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 505 3 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 505 4 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 505 5 diff diff NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 505 6 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 505 7 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 505 8 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 505 9 diff diff NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 505 10 analysis analysis NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 505 11 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 505 12 consistent consistent JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 505 13 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 505 14 those those DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 505 15 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 505 16 Table Table NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 505 17 6 6 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 505 18 panel panel NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 505 19 b b NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 505 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 505 21 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 506 1 Second second RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 506 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 506 3 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 506 4 panel panel NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 506 5 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 506 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 506 7 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 506 8 take take VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 506 9 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 506 10 median median NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 506 11 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 506 12 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 506 13 distribution distribution NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 506 14 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 506 15 private private JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 506 16 values value NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 506 17 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 507 1 In in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 507 2 Appendix Appendix NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 507 3 A.7.4 A.7.4 NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 507 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 507 5 repeat repeat VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 507 6 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 507 7 analysis analysis NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 507 8 using use VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 507 9 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 507 10 33rd 33rd JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 507 11 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 507 12 67th 67th JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 507 13 percentiles percentile NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 507 14 rather rather RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 507 15 than than IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 507 16 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 507 17 median median NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 507 18 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 507 19 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 507 20 private private JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 507 21 values value NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 507 22 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 508 1 Although although IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 508 2 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 508 3 estimates estimate NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 508 4 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 508 5 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 508 6 column column NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 508 7 may may MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 508 8 differ differ VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 508 9 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 508 10 Table Table NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 508 11 6 6 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 508 12 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 508 13 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 508 14 general general JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 508 15 pattern pattern NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 508 16 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 508 17 clear clear JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 508 18 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 508 19 shows show VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 508 20 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 508 21 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 508 22 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 508 23 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 508 24 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 508 25 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 508 26 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 508 27 negative negative JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 508 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 508 29 positive positive JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 508 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 508 31 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 508 32 low-(high- low-(high- NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 508 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 508 34 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 508 35 PBs PBs NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 508 36 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 509 1 Third third RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 509 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 509 3 some some DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 509 4 results result NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 509 5 might may MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 509 6 be be VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 509 7 driven drive VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 509 8 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 509 9 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 509 10 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 509 11 which which WDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 509 12 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 509 13 have have VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 509 14 only only RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 509 15 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 509 16 few few JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 509 17 observations observation NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 509 18 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 510 1 Removing remove VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 510 2 sparsely sparsely RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 510 3 observed observe VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 510 4 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 510 5 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 510 6 challenging challenging JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 510 7 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 510 8 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 510 9 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 510 10 want want VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 510 11 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 510 12 preserve preserve VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 510 13 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 510 14 threshold threshold NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 510 15 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 510 16 at at RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 510 17 least least RBS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 510 18 10 10 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 510 19 observations observation NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 510 20 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 510 21 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 510 22 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 510 23 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 511 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 511 2 repeated repeat VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 511 3 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 511 4 analysis analysis NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 511 5 excluding exclude VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 511 6 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 511 7 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 511 8 only only RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 511 9 5 5 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 511 10 or or CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 511 11 fewer few JJR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 511 12 observations observation NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 511 13 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 512 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 512 2 results result NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 512 3 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 512 4 set set VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 512 5 out out RP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 512 6 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 512 7 Appendix Appendix NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 512 8 A.7.5 A.7.5 NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 512 9 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 513 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 513 2 found find VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 513 3 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 513 4 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 513 5 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 513 6 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 513 7 significantly significantly RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 513 8 reduces reduce VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 513 9 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 513 10 difference difference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 513 11 between between IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 513 12 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 513 13 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 513 14 marginal marginal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 513 15 costs cost NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 513 16 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 513 17 PBs pb NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 513 18 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 513 19 lower low JJR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 513 20 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 513 21 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 514 1 Additionally additionally RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 514 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 514 3 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 514 4 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 514 5 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 514 6 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 514 7 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 514 8 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 514 9 PBs PBs NNPS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 514 10 endowed endow VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 514 11 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 514 12 high high JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 514 13 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 514 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 514 15 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 514 16 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 514 17 fourth fourth JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 514 18 quartile quartile NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 514 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 514 20 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 514 21 significantly significantly RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 514 22 different different JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 514 23 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 514 24 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 514 25 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 514 26 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 514 27 PBs PBs NNPS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 514 28 endowed endow VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 514 29 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 514 30 low low JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 514 31 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 514 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 514 33 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 514 34 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 514 35 first first JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 514 36 quartile quartile NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 514 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 514 38 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 515 1 32 32 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 515 2 _SP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 2 conclude conclude VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 3 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 4 analysis analysis NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 5 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 6 repeating repeat VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 7 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 8 IV IV NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 9 regression regression NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 10 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 11 Equation equation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 13 13 13 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 15 where where WRB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 16 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 17 unit unit NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 18 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 19 analysis analysis NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 20 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 21 an an DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 22 individual individual JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 23 PB pb NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 24 but but CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 25 now now RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 26 using use VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 27 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 28 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 29 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 30 dependent dependent JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 31 variable variable NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 32 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 33 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 34 proxy proxy NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 35 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 36 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 37 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 38 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 39 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 40 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 41 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 42 regime regime NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 43 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 44 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 45 aim aim NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 46 here here RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 47 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 48 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 49 determine determine VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 50 if if IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 51 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 52 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 53 correlates correlate VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 54 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 55 different different JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 56 variables variable NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 57 when when WRB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 58 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 59 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 60 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 61 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 62 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 63 play play NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 516 64 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 517 1 Table table NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 517 2 7 7 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 517 3 shows show VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 517 4 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 517 5 relevant relevant JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 517 6 outputs output NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 517 7 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 517 8 comparing compare VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 517 9 estimates estimate NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 517 10 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 517 11 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 517 12 under under IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 517 13 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 517 14 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 517 15 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 517 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 517 17 − − NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 518 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 518 2 γ γ NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 518 3 h h NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 518 4 + + CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 518 5 φ φ NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 518 6 h h NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 518 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 518 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 518 9 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 518 10 those those DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 518 11 without without IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 518 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 518 13 − − NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 518 14 γ γ NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 518 15 h h NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 518 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 518 17 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 519 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 519 2 latter latter JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 519 3 scenario scenario NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 519 4 stems stem VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 519 5 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 519 6 Equation equation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 519 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 519 8 13 13 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 519 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 519 10 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 519 11 but but CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 519 12 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 519 13 output output NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 519 14 differs differ VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 519 15 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 519 16 Table Table NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 519 17 6 6 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 519 18 because because IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 519 19 here here RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 519 20 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 519 21 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 519 22 only only RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 519 23 consider consider VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 519 24 PBs PBs NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 519 25 facing face VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 519 26 at at RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 519 27 least least RBS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 519 28 one one CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 519 29 auction auction NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 519 30 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 519 31 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 519 32 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 519 33 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 519 34 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 519 35 one one CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 519 36 auction auction NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 519 37 without without IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 519 38 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 519 39 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 519 40 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 519 41 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 520 1 Appendix Appendix NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 521 1 A.7.6 A.7.6 NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 521 2 shows show VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 521 3 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 521 4 corresponding correspond VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 521 5 estimates estimate NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 521 6 based base VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 521 7 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 521 8 OLS OLS NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 521 9 regressions regression NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 521 10 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 2 comparison comparison NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 3 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 4 Column column NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 6 1 1 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 8 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 9 Column column NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 11 3 3 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 13 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 14 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 15 Column column NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 17 2 2 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 19 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 20 Column column NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 22 4 4 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 24 provides provide VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 25 systematic systematic JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 26 evidence evidence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 27 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 28 under under IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 29 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 30 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 31 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 32 policy policy NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 33 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 34 key key JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 35 effects effect NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 37 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 38 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 39 fraction fraction NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 40 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 41 direct direct JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 42 negotiations negotiation NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 43 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 44 healthcare healthcare NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 45 personnel personnel NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 46 cost cost NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 47 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 48 healthcare healthcare NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 49 purchases purchase NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 50 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 51 non non JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 52 - - JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 53 healthcare healthcare JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 54 personnel personnel NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 55 over over IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 56 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 57 total total JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 58 personnel personnel NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 59 cost cost NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 60 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 61 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 62 generally generally RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 63 smaller small JJR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 522 64 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 523 1 These these DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 523 2 coefficients coefficient NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 523 3 generally generally RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 523 4 become become VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 523 5 closer close JJR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 523 6 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 523 7 zero zero CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 523 8 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 524 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 524 2 explanation explanation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 524 3 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 524 4 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 524 5 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 524 6 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 524 7 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 524 8 policy policy NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 524 9 limits limit VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 524 10 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 524 11 discretion discretion NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 524 12 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 524 13 PBs PBs NNPS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 524 14 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 524 15 designing design VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 524 16 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 524 17 awarding awarding NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 524 18 process process NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 524 19 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 524 20 so so CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 524 21 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 524 22 PB pb NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 524 23 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 524 24 specific specific JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 524 25 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 524 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 524 27 or or CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 524 28 incompetence incompetence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 524 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 525 1 no no RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 525 2 longer long RBR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 525 3 significantly significantly RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 525 4 affects affect VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 525 5 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 525 6 outcome outcome NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 525 7 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 526 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 526 2 only only JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 526 3 exception exception NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 526 4 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 526 5 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 526 6 dummy dummy JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 526 7 variable variable NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 526 8 related relate VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 526 9 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 526 10 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 526 11 metropolitan metropolitan JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 526 12 area area NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 526 13 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 526 14 which which WDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 526 15 switches switch VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 526 16 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 526 17 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 526 18 negative negative JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 526 19 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 526 20 significant significant JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 526 21 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 526 22 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 526 23 positive positive JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 526 24 value value NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 526 25 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 526 26 suggesting suggest VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 526 27 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 526 28 PBs PBs NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 526 29 located locate VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 526 30 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 526 31 those those DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 526 32 areas area NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 526 33 benefited benefit VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 526 34 most most RBS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 526 35 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 526 36 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 526 37 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 526 38 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 527 1 Focusing focus VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 527 2 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 527 3 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 527 4 geographic geographic JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 527 5 dimensions dimension NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 527 6 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 527 7 Table Table NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 527 8 7 7 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 527 9 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 527 10 an an DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 527 11 interesting interesting JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 527 12 pattern pattern NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 527 13 emerges emerge VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 527 14 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 528 1 Without without IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 528 2 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 528 3 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 528 4 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 528 5 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 528 6 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 528 7 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 528 8 was be VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 528 9 much much RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 528 10 lower low JJR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 528 11 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 528 12 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 528 13 Center Center NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 528 14 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 528 15 South South NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 528 16 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 528 17 32 32 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 529 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 529 2 confidence confidence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 529 3 intervals interval NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 529 4 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 529 5 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 529 6 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 529 7 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 529 8 estimated estimate VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 529 9 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 529 10 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 529 11 first first JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 529 12 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 529 13 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 529 14 fourth fourth JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 529 15 quartiles quartile NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 529 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 529 17 at at IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 529 18 95 95 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 529 19 % % NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 529 20 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 529 21 costs cost NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 529 22 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 529 23 at at IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 529 24 90 90 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 529 25 % % NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 529 26 without without IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 529 27 costs cost NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 529 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 529 29 do do VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 529 30 not not RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 529 31 overlap overlap VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 529 32 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 530 1 Italy Italy NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 530 2 ; ; : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 530 3 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 530 4 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 530 5 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 530 6 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 530 7 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 530 8 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 530 9 was be VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 530 10 still still RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 530 11 lower low JJR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 530 12 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 530 13 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 530 14 Center Center NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 530 15 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 530 16 South South NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 530 17 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 530 18 but but CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 530 19 not not RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 530 20 as as RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 530 21 low low JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 530 22 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 530 23 without without IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 530 24 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 531 1 One one CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 531 2 possible possible JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 531 3 explanation explanation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 531 4 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 531 5 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 531 6 negative negative JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 531 7 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 531 8 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 531 9 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 531 10 inefficiency inefficiency NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 531 11 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 531 12 institutions institution NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 531 13 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 531 14 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 531 15 Center Center NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 531 16 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 531 17 South South NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 531 18 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 531 19 Italy Italy NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 531 20 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 531 21 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 531 22 mentioned mention VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 531 23 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 531 24 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 531 25 comments comment NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 531 26 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 531 27 Table Table NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 531 28 5 5 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 531 29 results result NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 531 30 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 532 1 Based base VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 532 2 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 532 3 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 532 4 findings finding NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 532 5 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 532 6 inefficiency inefficiency NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 532 7 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 532 8 mitigated mitigate VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 532 9 under under IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 532 10 mandatory mandatory JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 532 11 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 532 12 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 532 13 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 532 14 possibly possibly RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 532 15 because because IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 532 16 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 532 17 discretion discretion NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 532 18 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 532 19 more more RBR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 532 20 limited limited JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 532 21 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 533 1 By by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 533 2 using use VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 533 3 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 533 4 dependent dependent JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 533 5 variable variable NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 533 6 obtained obtain VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 533 7 without without IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 533 8 structural structural JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 533 9 estimation estimation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 533 10 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 533 11 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 533 12 costs cost NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 533 13 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 533 14 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 533 15 obtain obtain VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 533 16 similar similar JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 533 17 findings finding NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 533 18 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 534 1 However however RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 534 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 534 3 this this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 534 4 estimation estimation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 534 5 does do VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 534 6 not not RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 534 7 pass pass VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 534 8 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 534 9 Sargan Sargan NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 534 10 test test NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 534 11 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 534 12 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 534 13 exogeneity exogeneity NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 534 14 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 534 15 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 534 16 over over RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 534 17 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 534 18 identifying identify VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 534 19 restrictions restriction NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 534 20 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 535 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 535 2 output output NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 535 3 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 535 4 available available JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 535 5 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 535 6 request request NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 535 7 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 536 1 In in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 536 2 European european JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 536 3 countries country NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 536 4 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 536 5 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 536 6 procurement procurement NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 536 7 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 536 8 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 536 9 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 536 10 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 536 11 hospitals hospital NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 536 12 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 536 13 local local JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 536 14 health health NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 536 15 units unit NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 536 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 536 17 PBs PBs NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 536 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 536 19 takes take VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 536 20 up up RP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 536 21 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 536 22 large large JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 536 23 share share NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 536 24 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 536 25 national national JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 536 26 budgets budget NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 536 27 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 537 1 In in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 537 2 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 537 3 US US NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 537 4 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 537 5 healthcare healthcare NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 537 6 expenditure expenditure NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 537 7 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 537 8 rising rise VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 537 9 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 538 1 Anecdotal anecdotal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 538 2 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 538 3 empirical empirical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 538 4 evidence evidence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 538 5 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 538 6 huge huge JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 538 7 variations variation NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 538 8 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 538 9 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 538 10 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 538 11 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 538 12 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 538 13 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 538 14 -among -among . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 539 1 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 539 2 within within IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 539 3 countries country NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 539 4 -makes -make VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 539 5 procurement procurement NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 539 6 efficiency efficiency NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 539 7 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 539 8 relevant relevant JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 539 9 issue issue NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 539 10 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 540 1 33 33 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 541 1 This this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 541 2 study study NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 541 3 empirically empirically RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 541 4 investigates investigate VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 541 5 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 541 6 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 541 7 differences difference NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 541 8 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 541 9 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 541 10 purchasing purchasing NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 541 11 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 541 12 standard standard JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 541 13 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 541 14 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 541 15 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 541 16 Italian italian JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 541 17 PBs PBs NNPS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 541 18 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 541 19 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 541 20 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 541 21 focus focus NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 541 22 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 541 23 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 541 24 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 541 25 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 541 26 managing manage VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 541 27 procurement procurement NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 541 28 during during IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 541 29 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 541 30 period period NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 541 31 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 541 32 January January NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 541 33 1 1 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 541 34 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 541 35 December December NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 541 36 31 31 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 541 37 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 541 38 2013 2013 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 541 39 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 542 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 542 2 also also RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 542 3 studies study VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 542 4 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 542 5 effects effect NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 542 6 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 542 7 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 542 8 mandatory mandatory JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 542 9 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 542 10 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 542 11 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 542 12 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 542 13 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 542 14 paid pay VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 542 15 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 542 16 PBs PBs NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 542 17 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 542 18 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 542 19 nationwide nationwide JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 542 20 policy policy NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 542 21 adopted adopt VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 542 22 until until IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 542 23 May May NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 542 24 2 2 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 542 25 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 542 26 2013 2013 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 542 27 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 542 28 increase increase VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 542 29 public public JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 542 30 spending spending NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 542 31 efficiency efficiency NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 542 32 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 543 1 For for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 543 2 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 543 3 purchase purchase NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 543 4 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 543 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 543 6 measured measure VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 543 7 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 543 8 difference difference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 543 9 between between IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 543 10 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 543 11 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 543 12 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 543 13 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 543 14 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 543 15 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 543 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 543 17 resulting result VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 543 18 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 543 19 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 543 20 procurement procurement NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 543 21 procedure procedure NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 543 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 543 23 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 543 24 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 543 25 benchmark benchmark JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 543 26 marginal marginal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 543 27 production production NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 543 28 cost cost NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 543 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 543 30 resulting result VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 543 31 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 543 32 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 543 33 structural structural JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 543 34 estimation estimation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 543 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 543 36 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 544 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 544 2 defined define VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 544 3 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 544 4 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 544 5 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 544 6 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 544 7 fixed fix VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 544 8 effects effect NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 544 9 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 544 10 this this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 544 11 difference difference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 544 12 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 544 13 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 544 14 item item NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 544 15 purchased purchase VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 544 16 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 545 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 545 2 results result NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 545 3 show show VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 545 4 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 545 5 Italian italian JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 545 6 PBs pb NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 545 7 pay pay VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 545 8 substantially substantially RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 545 9 different different JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 545 10 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 545 11 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 545 12 standard standard JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 545 13 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 545 14 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 545 15 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 546 1 In in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 546 2 particular particular JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 546 3 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 546 4 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 546 5 quartile quartile NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 546 6 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 546 7 based base VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 546 8 coefficient coefficient NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 546 9 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 546 10 variation variation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 546 11 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 546 12 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 546 13 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 546 14 paid pay VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 546 15 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 546 16 25.8 25.8 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 546 17 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 547 1 34 34 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 548 1 This this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 548 2 difference difference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 548 3 between between IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 548 4 purchasing purchase VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 548 5 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 548 6 can can MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 548 7 be be VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 548 8 explained explain VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 548 9 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 548 10 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 548 11 fixed fix VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 548 12 effects effect NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 548 13 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 548 14 which which WDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 548 15 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 548 16 investigated investigate VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 548 17 as as RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 548 18 related relate VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 548 19 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 548 20 institutional institutional JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 548 21 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 548 22 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 548 23 geography geography NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 548 24 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 548 25 size size NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 548 26 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 2 found find VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 3 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 4 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 5 size size NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 7 measured measure VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 8 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 9 overall overall JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 10 personnel personnel NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 11 costs cost NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 12 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 13 corresponding correspond VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 14 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 15 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 16 sum sum NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 17 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 18 healthcare healthcare NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 19 personnel personnel NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 20 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 21 non non JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 22 - - JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 23 healthcare healthcare JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 24 personnel personnel NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 25 costs cost NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 26 or or CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 27 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 28 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 29 size size NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 30 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 31 healthcare healthcare NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 32 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 33 related relate VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 34 procurement procurement NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 36 has have VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 37 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 38 generally generally RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 39 positive positive JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 40 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 41 significant significant JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 42 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 43 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 44 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 45 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 46 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 47 relation relation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 48 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 49 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 50 procurement procurement NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 51 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 52 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 53 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 549 54 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 550 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 550 2 empirical empirical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 550 3 analysis analysis NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 550 4 showed show VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 550 5 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 550 6 non non JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 550 7 - - JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 550 8 healthcare healthcare JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 550 9 personnel personnel NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 550 10 costs cost NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 550 11 drive drive VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 550 12 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 550 13 overall overall JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 550 14 positive positive JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 550 15 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 550 16 significant significant JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 550 17 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 550 18 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 550 19 PBs pb NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 550 20 ' ' POS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 550 21 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 550 22 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 551 1 This this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 551 2 result result NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 551 3 supports support VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 551 4 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 551 5 centralisation centralisation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 551 6 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 551 7 purchasing purchase VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 551 8 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 551 9 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 551 10 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 551 11 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 551 12 i.e. i.e. FW cord-255762-qd6fht8y 551 13 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 551 14 few few JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 551 15 large large JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 551 16 PBs pb NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 551 17 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 551 18 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 551 19 country country NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 551 20 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 551 21 non non JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 551 22 - - JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 551 23 healthcare healthcare JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 551 24 personnel personnel NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 551 25 addressing address VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 551 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 551 27 possibly possibly RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 551 28 skilled skilled JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 551 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 551 30 efforts effort NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 551 31 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 551 32 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 551 33 procurement procurement NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 551 34 activities activity NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 551 35 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 552 1 A a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 552 2 centralised centralised JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 552 3 33 33 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 552 4 For for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 552 5 variations variation NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 552 6 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 552 7 these these DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 552 8 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 552 9 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 552 10 see see VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 552 11 MedTech MedTech NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 552 12 Europe Europe NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 552 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 552 14 2019 2019 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 552 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 552 16 ; ; : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 552 17 Henschke Henschke NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 552 18 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 552 19 C. C. NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 552 20 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 552 21 Redberg Redberg NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 552 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 552 23 2018 2018 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 552 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 552 25 ; ; : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 552 26 den den NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 552 27 Ambtman Ambtman NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 552 28 et et NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 552 29 al al NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 552 30 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 553 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 553 2 2020 2020 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 553 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 553 4 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 554 1 Analysing analyse VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 554 2 hospital hospital NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 554 3 surveys survey NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 554 4 carried carry VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 554 5 out out RP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 554 6 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 554 7 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 554 8 Millennium Millennium NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 554 9 Research Research NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 554 10 Group Group NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 554 11 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 554 12 Wenzl Wenzl NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 554 13 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 554 14 Mossialos Mossialos NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 554 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 554 16 2018 2018 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 554 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 554 18 provide provide VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 554 19 evidence evidence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 554 20 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 554 21 large large JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 554 22 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 554 23 differences difference NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 554 24 between between IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 554 25 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 554 26 US US NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 554 27 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 554 28 Germany Germany NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 554 29 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 554 30 cardiovascular cardiovascular JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 554 31 technologies technology NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 554 32 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 555 1 For for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 555 2 example example NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 555 3 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 555 4 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 555 5 2014 2014 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 555 6 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 555 7 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 555 8 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 555 9 bare bare JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 555 10 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 555 11 metal metal NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 555 12 stents stent NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 555 13 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 555 14 pacemakers pacemaker NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 555 15 were be VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 555 16 five five CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 555 17 times time NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 555 18 higher high JJR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 555 19 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 555 20 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 555 21 US US NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 555 22 compared compare VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 555 23 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 555 24 Germany Germany NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 555 25 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 555 26 significant significant JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 555 27 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 555 28 differences difference NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 555 29 were be VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 555 30 recorded record VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 555 31 even even RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 555 32 within within IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 555 33 EU EU NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 555 34 countries country NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 555 35 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 556 1 34 34 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 557 1 To to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 557 2 make make VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 557 3 all all DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 557 4 observations observation NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 557 5 comparable comparable JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 557 6 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 557 7 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 557 8 quartile quartile NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 557 9 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 557 10 based base VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 557 11 coefficient coefficient NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 557 12 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 557 13 variation variation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 557 14 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 557 15 calculated calculate VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 557 16 using use VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 557 17 homogeneous homogeneous JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 557 18 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 557 19 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 557 20 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 557 21 defined define VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 557 22 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 557 23 Equation equation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 557 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 557 25 8) 8) NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 557 26 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 557 27 applied apply VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 557 28 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 557 29 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 557 30 entire entire JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 557 31 dataset dataset NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 557 32 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 558 1 Note note VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 558 2 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 559 1 Bootstrapped bootstrappe VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 559 2 standard standard JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 559 3 errors error NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 559 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 559 5 1,000 1,000 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 559 6 repetitions repetition NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 559 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 559 8 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 559 9 parentheses parenthesis NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 559 10 ; ; : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 560 1 * * NFP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 560 2 * * NFP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 560 3 * * NFP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 560 4 p p XX cord-255762-qd6fht8y 560 5 < < XX cord-255762-qd6fht8y 560 6 0.01 0.01 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 560 7 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 561 1 * * NFP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 561 2 * * NFP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 561 3 < < XX cord-255762-qd6fht8y 561 4 0.05 0.05 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 561 5 , , . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 562 1 * * NFP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 562 2 p p XX cord-255762-qd6fht8y 562 3 < < XX cord-255762-qd6fht8y 562 4 0.1 0.1 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 562 5 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 563 1 system system NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 563 2 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 563 3 procurement procurement NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 563 4 -whatever -whatever . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 564 1 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 564 2 design design NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 564 3 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 564 4 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 564 5 national national JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 564 6 health health NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 564 7 sector sector NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 564 8 considered consider VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 564 9 -would -would : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 564 10 also also RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 564 11 better better RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 564 12 enable enable VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 564 13 policymakers policymaker NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 564 14 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 564 15 implement implement VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 564 16 measures measure NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 564 17 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 564 18 control control VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 564 19 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 564 20 while while IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 564 21 accounting account VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 564 22 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 564 23 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 564 24 value value NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 564 25 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 564 26 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 564 27 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 564 28 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 564 29 procured procure VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 564 30 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 565 1 35 35 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 566 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 566 2 then then RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 566 3 investigated investigate VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 566 4 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 566 5 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 566 6 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 566 7 mandatory mandatory JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 566 8 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 566 9 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 566 10 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 566 11 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 566 12 cap cap NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 566 13 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 566 14 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 566 15 winning win VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 566 16 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 566 17 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 567 1 This this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 567 2 policy policy NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 567 3 seems seem VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 567 4 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 567 5 have have VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 567 6 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 567 7 weak weak JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 567 8 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 567 9 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 567 10 fostering foster VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 567 11 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 567 12 efficiency efficiency NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 567 13 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 567 14 purchasing purchase VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 567 15 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 567 16 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 567 17 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 568 1 Considering consider VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 568 2 an an DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 568 3 average average JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 568 4 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 568 5 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 568 6 e1.37 e1.37 NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 568 7 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 568 8 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 568 9 back back JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 568 10 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 568 11 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 568 12 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 568 13 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 568 14 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 568 15 envelope envelope NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 568 16 calculation calculation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 568 17 shows show VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 568 18 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 568 19 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 568 20 average average JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 568 21 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 568 22 decreased decrease VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 568 23 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 568 24 e0.05 e0.05 NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 568 25 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 568 26 or or CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 568 27 4 4 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 568 28 % % NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 568 29 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 569 1 36 36 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 570 1 This this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 570 2 translates translate VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 570 3 into into IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 570 4 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 570 5 reduction reduction NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 570 6 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 570 7 e800 e800 NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 570 8 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 570 9 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 570 10 median median JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 570 11 auction auction NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 570 12 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 570 13 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 570 14 total total JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 570 15 cost cost NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 570 16 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 570 17 e20,000 e20,000 NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 570 18 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 571 1 Particularly particularly RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 571 2 noteworthy noteworthy JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 571 3 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 571 4 this this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 571 5 overall overall JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 571 6 result result NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 571 7 masks mask VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 571 8 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 571 9 non non JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 571 10 - - JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 571 11 linear linear JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 571 12 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 571 13 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 571 14 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 571 15 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 571 16 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 571 17 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 571 18 PBs pb NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 571 19 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 571 20 different different JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 571 21 abilities ability NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 572 1 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 572 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 572 3 found find VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 572 4 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 572 5 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 572 6 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 572 7 have have VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 572 8 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 572 9 significant significant JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 572 10 negative negative JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 572 11 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 572 12 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 572 13 high high JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 572 14 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 572 15 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 572 16 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 572 17 purchasing purchasing NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 572 18 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 572 19 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 572 20 significant significant JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 572 21 positive positive JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 572 22 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 572 23 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 572 24 low low JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 572 25 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 572 26 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 572 27 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 572 28 purchasing purchasing NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 572 29 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 573 1 According accord VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 573 2 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 573 3 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 573 4 back back JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 573 5 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 573 6 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 573 7 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 573 8 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 573 9 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 573 10 envelope envelope NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 573 11 calculation calculation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 573 12 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 573 13 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 573 14 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 573 15 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 573 16 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 573 17 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 573 18 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 573 19 ranges range VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 573 20 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 573 21 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 573 22 e0.25 e0.25 NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 573 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 573 24 18.12 18.12 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 573 25 % % NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 573 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 573 27 average average JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 573 28 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 573 29 decrease decrease NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 573 30 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 573 31 low low JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 573 32 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 573 33 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 573 34 PBs pb NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 573 35 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 573 36 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 573 37 e0.12 e0.12 NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 573 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 573 39 8.48 8.48 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 573 40 % % NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 573 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 573 42 average average JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 573 43 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 573 44 increase increase NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 573 45 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 573 46 high high JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 573 47 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 573 48 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 573 49 PBs pb NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 573 50 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 574 1 37 37 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 575 1 This this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 575 2 finding finding NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 575 3 regarding regard VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 575 4 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 575 5 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 575 6 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 575 7 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 575 8 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 575 9 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 575 10 not not RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 575 11 free free JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 575 12 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 575 13 limitations limitation NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 575 14 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 576 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 576 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 576 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 576 4 relies rely VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 576 5 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 576 6 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 576 7 before before IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 576 8 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 576 9 andafter andafter NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 576 10 analysis analysis NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 576 11 which which WDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 576 12 compares compare VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 576 13 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 576 14 device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 576 15 purchases purchase NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 576 16 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 576 17 two two CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 576 18 periods period NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 576 19 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 576 20 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 576 21 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 576 22 without without IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 576 23 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 576 24 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 576 25 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 577 1 Hence hence RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 577 2 bias bias NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 577 3 may may MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 577 4 arise arise VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 577 5 if if IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 577 6 events event NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 577 7 not not RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 577 8 controlled control VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 577 9 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 577 10 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 577 11 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 577 12 regression regression NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 577 13 analysis analysis NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 577 14 take take VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 577 15 place place NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 577 16 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 577 17 one one CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 577 18 only only RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 577 19 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 577 20 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 577 21 two two CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 577 22 periods period NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 577 23 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 578 1 To to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 578 2 remove remove VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 578 3 any any DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 578 4 bias bias NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 578 5 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 578 6 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 578 7 Appendix Appendix NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 578 8 A.5 A.5 NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 578 9 we -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 578 10 compare compare VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 578 11 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 578 12 findings finding NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 578 13 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 578 14 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 578 15 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 578 16 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 578 17 those those DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 578 18 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 578 19 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 578 20 control control NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 578 21 group group NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 578 22 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 578 23 drugs drug NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 578 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 578 25 no no RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 578 26 longer long RBR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 578 27 covered cover VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 578 28 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 578 29 patent patent NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 578 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 578 31 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 578 32 which which WDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 578 33 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 578 34 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 578 35 were be VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 578 36 not not RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 578 37 abolished abolish VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 578 38 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 578 39 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 578 40 period period NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 578 41 considered consider VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 578 42 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 579 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 579 2 benchmark benchmark NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 579 3 finding finding NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 579 4 was be VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 579 5 supported support VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 579 6 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 579 7 these these DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 579 8 further further JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 579 9 results result NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 579 10 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 580 1 38 38 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 581 1 In in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 581 2 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 581 3 period period NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 581 4 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 581 5 which which WDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 581 6 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 581 7 both both DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 581 8 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 581 9 Europe Europe NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 581 10 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 581 11 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 581 12 US US NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 581 13 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 581 14 policymakers policymaker NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 581 15 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 581 16 increasingly increasingly RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 581 17 relying rely VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 581 18 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 581 19 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 581 20 policies policy NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 581 21 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 581 22 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 581 23 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 581 24 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 581 25 improve improve VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 581 26 procurement procurement NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 581 27 efficiency efficiency NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 581 28 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 581 29 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 581 30 results result NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 581 31 show show VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 581 32 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 581 33 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 581 34 discretion discretion NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 581 35 should should MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 581 36 be be VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 581 37 considered consider VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 581 38 along along IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 581 39 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 581 40 each each DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 581 41 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 581 42 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 581 43 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 581 44 managing manage VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 581 45 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 581 46 process process NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 581 47 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 582 1 Specifically specifically RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 582 2 referring refer VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 582 3 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 582 4 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 582 5 impacts impact NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 582 6 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 582 7 mandatory mandatory JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 582 8 reference reference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 582 9 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 582 10 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 582 11 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 582 12 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 582 13 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 582 14 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 582 15 results result NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 582 16 suggest suggest VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 582 17 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 582 18 move move NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 582 19 towards towards IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 582 20 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 582 21 discriminatory discriminatory JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 582 22 approach approach NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 583 1 -implementing -implemente VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 583 2 mandatory mandatory JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 583 3 requirements requirement NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 583 4 only only RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 583 5 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 583 6 PBs pb NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 583 7 performing perform VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 583 8 below below IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 583 9 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 583 10 given give VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 583 11 benchmark benchmark NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 583 12 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 584 1 Note note VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 584 2 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 584 3 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 584 4 results result NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 584 5 were be VBD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 584 6 obtained obtain VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 584 7 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 584 8 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 584 9 procurement procurement NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 584 10 setting set VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 584 11 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 584 12 standardised standardised JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 584 13 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 584 14 simple simple JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 584 15 items item NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 584 16 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 585 1 Considerations consideration NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 585 2 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 585 3 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 585 4 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 585 5 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 585 6 discretion discretion NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 585 7 would would MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 585 8 be be VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 585 9 even even RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 585 10 more more RBR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 585 11 relevant relevant JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 585 12 regarding regard VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 585 13 policies policy NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 585 14 designed design VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 585 15 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 585 16 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 585 17 procurement procurement NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 585 18 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 585 19 more more JJR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 585 20 complex complex JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 585 21 items item NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 585 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 585 23 Kelmann Kelmann NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 585 24 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 585 25 1990 1990 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 585 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 585 27 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 586 1 35 35 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 586 2 Note note VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 586 3 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 586 4 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 586 5 centralisation centralisation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 586 6 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 586 7 purchasing purchase VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 586 8 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 586 9 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 586 10 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 586 11 might may MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 586 12 be be VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 586 13 life life NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 586 14 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 586 15 saving save VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 586 16 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 586 17 some some DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 586 18 countries country NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 586 19 during during IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 586 20 crises crisis NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 586 21 such such JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 586 22 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 586 23 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 586 24 recent recent JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 586 25 Covid-19 covid-19 NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 586 26 pandemic pandemic NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 586 27 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 587 1 Espitia Espitia NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 587 2 et et NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 587 3 al al NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 587 4 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 2 2020 2020 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 4 estimate estimate NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 5 that that WDT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 6 surges surge VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 7 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 8 demand demand NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 9 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 10 critical critical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 11 Covid-19 covid-19 NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 12 products product NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 14 e.g. e.g. IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 15 masks mask NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 16 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 17 gloves glove NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 18 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 19 aprons apron NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 20 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 21 suits suit NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 22 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 23 ventilators ventilator NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 24 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 25 etc etc FW cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 26 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 28 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 29 export export NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 30 restrictions restriction NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 31 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 32 leading lead VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 33 producers producer NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 34 will will MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 35 drive drive VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 36 up up RP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 37 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 38 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 39 23 23 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 40 % % NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 41 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 42 average average JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 44 aprons apron NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 45 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 46 masks mask NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 47 recording record VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 48 52 52 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 49 % % NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 50 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 51 40 40 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 52 % % NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 53 increase increase NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 54 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 55 respectively respectively RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 57 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 58 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 59 critical critical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 60 effects effect NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 61 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 62 very very RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 63 limited limited JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 64 or or CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 65 no no DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 66 access access NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 67 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 68 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 69 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 70 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 71 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 72 developing develop VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 73 countries country NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 588 74 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 589 1 There there RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 589 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 589 3 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 589 4 centralisation centralisation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 589 5 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 589 6 procurement procurement NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 589 7 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 589 8 medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 589 9 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 589 10 could could MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 589 11 also also RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 589 12 address address VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 589 13 -in -in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 589 14 addition addition NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 589 15 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 589 16 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 589 17 control control NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 589 18 -the -the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 589 19 issue issue NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 589 20 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 589 21 coordinating coordinate VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 589 22 international international JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 589 23 trade trade NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 589 24 policy policy NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 589 25 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 589 26 these these DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 589 27 products product NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 589 28 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 590 1 36 36 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 591 1 This this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 591 2 calculation calculation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 591 3 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 591 4 based base VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 591 5 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 591 6 predictions prediction NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 591 7 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 591 8 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 591 9 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 591 10 / / SYM cord-255762-qd6fht8y 591 11 cost cost NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 591 12 difference difference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 591 13 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 591 14 Column column NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 591 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 591 16 1 1 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 591 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 591 18 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 591 19 Table Table NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 591 20 6 6 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 591 21 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 592 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 592 2 obtain obtain VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 592 3 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 592 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 592 5 exp exp NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 592 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 592 7 −1.894 −1.894 NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 592 8 − − NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 592 9 0.450 0.450 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 592 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 593 1 − − NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 593 2 exp exp NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 593 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 593 4 −1.894 −1.894 NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 593 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 593 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 594 1 /1.37 /1.37 . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 595 1 = = NFP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 596 1 −0.040 −0.040 ADD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 596 2 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 597 1 37 37 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 598 1 These these DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 598 2 calculations calculation NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 598 3 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 598 4 based base VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 598 5 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 598 6 predictions prediction NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 598 7 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 598 8 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 598 9 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 598 10 / / SYM cord-255762-qd6fht8y 598 11 cost cost NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 598 12 difference difference NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 598 13 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 598 14 Column column NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 598 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 598 16 2 2 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 598 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 598 18 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 598 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 598 20 5 5 LS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 598 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 598 22 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 598 23 Table Table NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 598 24 6 6 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 598 25 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 599 1 Low low JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 599 2 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 599 3 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 599 4 high high JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 599 5 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 599 6 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 599 7 PBs pb NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 599 8 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 599 9 defined define VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 599 10 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 599 11 − − NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 599 12 respectively respectively RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 599 13 − − NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 599 14 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 599 15 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 599 16 1st 1st NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 599 17 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 599 18 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 599 19 4st 4st JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 599 20 quartile quartile NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 599 21 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 599 22 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 599 23 overall overall JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 599 24 PB PB NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 599 25 competence competence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 599 26 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 600 1 38 38 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 601 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 601 2 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 601 3 grateful grateful JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 601 4 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 601 5 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 601 6 Editor Editor NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 601 7 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 601 8 Prof. Prof. NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 601 9 Owen Owen NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 601 10 O'Donnell O'Donnell NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 601 11 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 601 12 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 601 13 suggesting suggest VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 601 14 this this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 601 15 test test NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 601 16 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 602 1 Note note VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 602 2 that that IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 602 3 drug drug NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 602 4 data datum NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 602 5 do do VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 602 6 not not RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 602 7 give give VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 602 8 rise rise NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 602 9 to to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 602 10 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 602 11 structural structural JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 602 12 estimation estimation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 602 13 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 602 14 marginal marginal JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 602 15 costs cost NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 602 16 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 603 1 Future future JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 603 2 research research NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 603 3 may may MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 603 4 replicate replicate VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 603 5 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 603 6 benchmark benchmark JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 603 7 analysis analysis NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 603 8 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 603 9 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 603 10 richer rich JJR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 603 11 dataset dataset NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 603 12 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 1 Given give VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 2 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 3 high high JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 4 value value NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 5 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 6 European european JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 7 public public JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 8 procurement procurement NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 9 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 10 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 11 healthcare healthcare NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 12 sector sector NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 14 both both DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 15 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 16 standard standard JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 17 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 18 non non JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 19 - - JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 20 standard standard JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 21 items item NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 23 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 24 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 25 core core NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 26 relevance relevance NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 27 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 28 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 29 sector sector NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 30 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 31 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 32 Europe Europe NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 33 2020 2020 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 34 strategy strategy NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 35 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 36 forthcoming forthcoming JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 37 policies policy NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 38 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 39 new new JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 40 empirical empirical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 41 investigations investigation NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 42 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 43 expected expect VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 44 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 45 shed shed VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 46 light light NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 47 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 48 further further JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 49 improvements improvement NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 50 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 51 spending spend VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 52 efficiencies efficiency NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 53 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 54 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 55 sector sector NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 604 56 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 605 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 605 2 are be VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 605 3 also also RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 605 4 expected expect VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 605 5 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 605 6 address address VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 605 7 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 605 8 effect effect NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 605 9 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 605 10 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 605 11 recent recent JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 605 12 policy policy NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 605 13 by by IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 605 14 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 605 15 Trump Trump NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 605 16 administration administration NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 605 17 regarding regard VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 605 18 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 605 19 transparency transparency NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 605 20 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 605 21 " " `` cord-255762-qd6fht8y 605 22 price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 605 23 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 605 24 quality quality NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 605 25 information information NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 605 26 " " '' cord-255762-qd6fht8y 605 27 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 605 28 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 605 29 healthcare healthcare NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 605 30 industry industry NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 605 31 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 606 1 39 39 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 607 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 607 2 search search NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 607 3 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 607 4 spending spend VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 607 5 efficiency efficiency NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 607 6 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 607 7 this this DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 607 8 industry industry NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 607 9 seems seem VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 607 10 -both -both JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 607 11 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 607 12 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 607 13 US US NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 607 14 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 607 15 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 607 16 Europeto Europeto NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 607 17 encourage encourage VBP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 607 18 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 607 19 spread spread NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 607 20 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 607 21 information information NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 607 22 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 607 23 prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 607 24 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 607 25 but but CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 607 26 more more RBR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 607 27 empirical empirical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 607 28 work work NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 607 29 is be VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 607 30 necessary necessary JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 607 31 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 607 32 explore explore VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 607 33 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 607 34 costs cost NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 607 35 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 607 36 benefits benefit NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 607 37 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 607 38 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 607 39 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 607 40 adopted adopt VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 607 41 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 607 42 to to TO cord-255762-qd6fht8y 607 43 assess assess VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 607 44 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 607 45 policy policy NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 607 46 implications implication NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 607 47 . . . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 608 1 Relational Relational NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 608 2 Contracts Contracts NNPS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 608 3 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 608 4 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 608 5 Theory Theory NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 608 6 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 608 7 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 608 8 Firm Firm NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 608 9 Identification Identification NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 608 10 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 608 11 Standard Standard NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 608 12 Auction Auction NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 608 13 Models Models NNPS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 608 14 Bidding bid VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 608 15 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 608 16 Incomplete Incomplete NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 608 17 Contracts contract NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 608 18 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 609 1 An an DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 609 2 Empirical Empirical NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 609 3 Analysis Analysis NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 609 4 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 609 5 Adaptation Adaptation NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 609 6 Costs Costs NNPS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 609 7 Discretion Discretion NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 609 8 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 609 9 Supplier Supplier NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 609 10 Selection Selection NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 609 11 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 609 12 Public Public NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 609 13 Procurement Procurement NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 609 14 Law Law NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 609 15 Enforcement Enforcement NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 609 16 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 609 17 Malfeasance Malfeasance NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 609 18 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 609 19 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 609 20 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 609 21 Compensation Compensation NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 609 22 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 609 23 Enforcers Enforcers NNPS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 609 24 Privatization Privatization NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 609 25 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 609 26 Quality quality NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 609 27 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 609 28 Evidence evidence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 609 29 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 609 30 Elderly elderly JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 609 31 care care NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 609 32 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 609 33 Sweden Sweden NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 609 34 Individuals Individuals NNPS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 609 35 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 609 36 Organizations Organizations NNPS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 609 37 as as IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 609 38 Sources source NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 609 39 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 609 40 State State NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 609 41 Effectiveness Effectiveness NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 609 42 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 609 43 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 609 44 Consequences consequence NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 609 45 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 609 46 Policy Policy NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 609 47 Relational Relational NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 609 48 Contract Contract NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 609 49 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 609 50 Competitive Competitive NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 609 51 Screening Screening NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 610 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 610 2 Effects effect NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 610 3 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 610 4 Discretion Discretion NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 610 5 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 610 6 Procurement Procurement NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 610 7 Performance Performance NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 610 8 Public Public NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 610 9 Requirements Requirements NNPS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 610 10 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 610 11 Public Public NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 610 12 Procurement Procurement NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 610 13 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 610 14 Evidence evidence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 610 15 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 610 16 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 610 17 Regression regression NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 610 18 Discontinuity discontinuity NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 610 19 Design Design NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 610 20 Court Court NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 610 21 Efficiency Efficiency NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 610 22 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 610 23 Procurement Procurement NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 610 24 Performance Performance NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 610 25 Buyer Buyer NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 610 26 Competence Competence NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 610 27 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 610 28 Procurement procurement NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 610 29 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 610 30 Evidence evidence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 610 31 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 610 32 Cooperation Cooperation NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 610 33 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 610 34 Incentives Incentives NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 610 35 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 610 36 Skills Skills NNPS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 610 37 Comparing compare VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 610 38 Public Public NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 610 39 Procurement Procurement NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 610 40 Auctions Auctions NNPS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 610 41 Analysing analyse VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 610 42 Actual actual JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 610 43 Prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 610 44 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 610 45 Medical Medical NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 610 46 Products Products NNPS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 610 47 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 611 1 A a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 611 2 Cross Cross NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 611 3 - - JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 611 4 sectional sectional JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 611 5 Survey Survey NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 611 6 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 611 7 Dutch Dutch NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 611 8 Hospitals hospital NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 612 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 612 2 Role role NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 612 3 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 612 4 Wages Wages NNPS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 612 5 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 612 6 Auditing Auditing NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 612 7 during during IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 612 8 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 612 9 Crackdown Crackdown NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 612 10 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 612 11 Corruption corruption NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 612 12 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 612 13 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 612 14 City City NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 612 15 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 612 16 Buenos Buenos NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 612 17 Aires Aires NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 612 18 Trade Trade NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 612 19 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 612 20 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 612 21 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 612 22 Crisis Crisis NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 612 23 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 612 24 Developing Developing NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 612 25 Countries country NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 613 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 613 2 Origins Origins NNPS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 613 3 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 613 4 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 613 5 Italian Italian NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 613 6 Regional Regional NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 613 7 Divide Divide NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 613 8 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 613 9 Evidence evidence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 613 10 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 613 11 Real real JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 613 12 Wages Wages NNPS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 614 1 Self self NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 614 2 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 614 3 Enforcing enforce VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 614 4 Agreements Agreements NNPS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 614 5 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 614 6 Relational Relational NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 614 7 Contracting Contracting NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 614 8 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 614 9 Evidence evidence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 614 10 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 614 11 California California NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 614 12 Highway Highway NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 614 13 Procurement Procurement NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 614 14 Price Price NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 614 15 Discrimination Discrimination NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 614 16 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 614 17 Bargaining bargaining NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 614 18 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 615 1 Empirical empirical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 615 2 Evidence evidence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 615 3 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 615 4 Medical medical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 615 5 devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 615 6 Bargaining bargain VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 615 7 Ability Ability NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 615 8 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 615 9 Competitive Competitive NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 615 10 Advantage Advantage NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 615 11 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 615 12 Empirical empirical JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 615 13 Evidence evidence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 615 14 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 615 15 Medical Medical NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 615 16 Devices Devices NNPS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 615 17 Transparency Transparency NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 615 18 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 615 19 Negotiated negotiate VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 615 20 Prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 615 21 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 615 22 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 615 23 Value Value NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 615 24 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 615 25 Information Information NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 615 26 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 615 27 Hospital Hospital NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 615 28 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 615 29 Supplier Supplier NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 615 30 Bargaining Bargaining NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 615 31 Regulating Regulating NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 615 32 Innovation Innovation NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 615 33 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 615 34 Uncertain Uncertain NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 615 35 Quality Quality NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 615 36 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 615 37 Information information NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 615 38 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 615 39 Risk risk NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 615 40 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 615 41 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 615 42 Access Access NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 615 43 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 616 1 Medical Medical NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 616 2 Devices Devices NNPS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 616 3 Optimal Optimal NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 616 4 Nonparametric Nonparametric NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 616 5 Estimation estimation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 616 6 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 616 7 First First NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 616 8 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 616 9 Price Price NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 616 10 Auctions Auctions NNPS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 616 11 Average Average NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 616 12 Payment Payment NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 616 13 Time time NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 616 14 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 616 15 Private Private NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 616 16 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 616 17 Public Public NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 616 18 Health Health NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 616 19 Organizations Organizations NNPS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 617 1 Nonparametric Nonparametric NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 617 2 Tests test NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 617 3 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 617 4 Common common JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 617 5 Values value NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 617 6 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 617 7 First first JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 617 8 - - HYPH cord-255762-qd6fht8y 617 9 Price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 617 10 Sealed seal VBN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 617 11 Bid Bid NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 617 12 Auctions Auctions NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 617 13 Medical Medical NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 617 14 Device device NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 617 15 Price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 617 16 Differentials differential NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 618 1 In in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 618 2 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 618 3 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 619 1 And and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 619 2 Europe Europe NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 619 3 -Rethinking -Rethinking . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 620 1 Price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 620 2 Regulation regulation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 620 3 ? ? . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 621 1 Competitive competitive JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 621 2 Bidding Bidding NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 621 3 for for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 621 4 Contracts contract NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 621 5 under under IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 621 6 Alternative Alternative NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 621 7 Auction Auction NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 621 8 Procedures Procedures NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 621 9 Public Public NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 621 10 Procurement Procurement NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 621 11 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 621 12 Health Health NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 621 13 Technologies Technologies NNPS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 621 14 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 621 15 Greece Greece NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 621 16 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 621 17 an an DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 621 18 Era Era NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 621 19 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 621 20 Economic Economic NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 621 21 Crisis Crisis NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 621 22 Procurement Procurement NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 621 23 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 621 24 Public Public NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 621 25 Management Management NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 621 26 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 622 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 622 2 Fear fear NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 622 3 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 622 4 Discretion Discretion NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 622 5 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 622 6 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 622 7 Quality Quality NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 622 8 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 622 9 Public Public NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 622 10 Performance Performance NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 622 11 Bid Bid NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 622 12 Takers Takers NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 622 13 or or CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 622 14 Market Market NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 622 15 Makers maker NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 622 16 ? ? . cord-255762-qd6fht8y 623 1 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 623 2 Effect Effect NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 623 3 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 623 4 Auctioneers Auctioneers NNPS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 623 5 on on IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 623 6 Auction auction NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 623 7 Outcome Outcome NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 623 8 Relational Relational NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 623 9 Incentive Incentive NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 623 10 Contracts Contracts NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 623 11 Public Public NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 623 12 Sector Sector NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 623 13 Purchasing Purchasing NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 623 14 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 623 15 Health Health NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 623 16 Services Services NNPS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 623 17 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 624 1 A a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 624 2 Comparison comparison NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 624 3 with with IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 624 4 Private private JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 624 5 Sector sector NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 624 6 Purchasing purchase VBG cord-255762-qd6fht8y 624 7 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 624 8 European European NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 624 9 Medical Medical NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 624 10 Technology Technology NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 624 11 Industryin Industryin NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 624 12 figures figure VBZ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 624 13 2019 2019 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 624 14 Health Health NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 624 15 at at IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 624 16 a a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 624 17 Glance glance NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 624 18 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 624 19 Europe Europe NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 624 20 2016 2016 CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 624 21 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 624 22 State State NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 624 23 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 624 24 Health Health NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 624 25 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 624 26 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 624 27 EU EU NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 624 28 Cycle Cycle NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 624 29 Manipulation Manipulation NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 624 30 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 624 31 Procurement Procurement NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 624 32 Contracts contract NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 624 33 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 624 34 Evidence evidence NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 624 35 from from IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 624 36 the the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 624 37 Introduction Introduction NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 624 38 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 624 39 Discretionary discretionary JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 624 40 Thresholds threshold NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 625 1 Price price NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 625 2 Transparency transparency NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 625 3 For for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 625 4 Medical Medical NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 625 5 Devices Devices NNPS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 625 6 Corruption Corruption NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 625 7 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 625 8 Government Government NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 625 9 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 626 1 Causes cause NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 626 2 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 626 3 Consequences consequence NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 626 4 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 626 5 Reform Reform NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 626 6 Medical Medical NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 626 7 Technology Technology NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 626 8 Procurement Procurement NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 626 9 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 626 10 Europe Europe NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 626 11 : : : cord-255762-qd6fht8y 627 1 A a DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 627 2 Cross cross NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 627 3 - - JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 627 4 country country NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 627 5 Comparison comparison NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 627 6 of of IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 627 7 Current Current NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 627 8 Practice Practice NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 627 9 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 627 10 Policy Policy NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 627 11 Reputation reputation NN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 627 12 , , , cord-255762-qd6fht8y 627 13 Competition Competition NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 627 14 and and CC cord-255762-qd6fht8y 627 15 Entry Entry NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 627 16 in in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 627 17 Procurement Procurement NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 627 18 Prices price NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 628 1 For for IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 628 2 Cardiac Cardiac NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 628 3 Implant Implant NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 628 4 Devices device NNS cord-255762-qd6fht8y 629 1 May May MD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 629 2 Be be VB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 629 3 Up up RB cord-255762-qd6fht8y 630 1 To to IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 630 2 Six six CD cord-255762-qd6fht8y 630 3 Times Times NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 630 4 Higher high JJR cord-255762-qd6fht8y 631 1 In in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 631 2 The the DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 631 3 US US NNP cord-255762-qd6fht8y 632 1 Than than IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 632 2 In in IN cord-255762-qd6fht8y 632 3 Some some DT cord-255762-qd6fht8y 632 4 European european JJ cord-255762-qd6fht8y 632 5 Countries country NNS