cord-000718-7whai7nr	2012	Method: We analyzed consecutive gastric cancer cases in terms of AMACR immunohistochemical expression and clinical/pathological characteristics and followed patients'' postoperative history. Results: Histological, immunohistochemical and molecular examination revealed non-neoplastic lymphadenopathy with atypical paracortical T-cell hyperplasia with immunoblastic reaction in the former and burnt-out histiocytic pattern in the latter, both falling into a broad spectrum of reactive lymph node changes associated with Still''s disease. Method: We have thus collected, from our two Institutions a large number (45 cases) of cancers showing the histological definition of adenosquamous carcinomas according to the WHO criteria and performed gene analysis for k-RAS (codons 12, 13) and EGFR (codons 18, 19 and 21) mutations. Objective: We previously identified amplified fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGFR1) as a therapeutic target for small molecule inhibitor (SMI) therapy in squamous cell lung cancer (L-SCC), resulting in currently running clinical trials treating patients with stage III disease.
cord-001544-bco0nloe	2014	In China, military medicine plays a key role in supporting and maintaining health, in preventing injuries and diseases in military staff and in enhancing the military armed forces during war. Using the methods of biology, pathophysiology, targeting pharmacology, pharmacological genetic phenotyping, and genetic phenotyping, military medicine can introduce new theories, concepts, and technology into basic research areas, such as epidemiology, pathogenesis and pathological response, mechanisms of complications after injury, regeneration after severe organ damage, mental stress, and psychological responses to somatic and mental trauma. In the area of detecting, preventing and managing microbiological agents, military medical research in China has reached the international level but should continue developing specialized military supply systems with minimal side effects. Military medicine in China will continue to research the prevention and management of injuries caused by high-technology, new-concept and newly developed nuclear and chemical weapons.
cord-006849-vgjz74ts	2019	Methods: We are performing this procedures within a prospective randomized trial that is design to compare the long term results of LRYGB-B versus the standard laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.The video shows our technique in a case of a 46 years old female with a BMI of 46 Kg/m2. Material and methods: We present a video of the surgical intervention of a 32-year-old patient, with functional dyspepsia, with a casual diagnosis of a pseudocystic mass of the right colon after performing a CT scan: giant diverticulum of the hepatic colon angle with fecaloid content inside it under tension The patient goes to the emergency room for acute abdominal pain, pending colonoscopy, antibiotic treatment is established, and a laparoscopic approach is decided upon after the patient''s evolution. Method: We present the case of a 65-year-old patient with surgical antecedent of laparoscopic low anterior resection due to rectal cancer, presenting in postoperative period an anastomosis leakage with severe peritonitis was identified and a laparotomy with end colostomy was performed.
cord-006854-o2e5na78	2018	Totally Laparoscopic ALPPS Combined with the Microwave Ablation for a Patient with a Huge HCC Hua Zhang; Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Introduction: Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) is a novel technique for resecting hepatic tumors that were previously considered unresectable due to the insufficient future liver remnant (FLR) which may result in postoperative liver failure (PLF). Not only does this case show that a large epiphrenic diverticulm can be successfully resected via the trans-abdominal laparoscopic approach, this case makes the argument that patients undergoing any minimally-invasive epiphrenic diverticulectomy and myotomy, with or without fundoplication, may be successfully managed with early post-operative contrast studies and dietary advancement, thus decreasing their length of hospitalization and overall cost of treatment. Introduction: There are reports of increased operative duration, blood loss and postoperative morbidity, caused by difficulties in obtaining good visualization and in controlling bleeding when laparoscopic resection is performed in obese patients with colon cancer.
cord-006882-t9w1cdr4	2012	
cord-007838-lvw31h1w	2004	2, 3 In general, physicians trained in aerospace medicine practice health care in populations exposed to flight and space, consult on the physical and engineering aspects of the flight environment, and manage public safety issues at a variety of regulatory agencies. They might work for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Federal Aviation Administration, a commercial or corporate airline, the Department of Transportation, an aerospace manufacturer, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or in private practice. 10, 11 In addition, teamwork is ubiquitous in aerospace medicine: one is likely to take part in several committees, and if one is a flight physician, one works in a confined environment with a medical team (ie, a respiratory therapist, a nurse, paramedics), often for many hours at a time. Some aerospace medicine physicians will maintain a part-time position in an emergency department or another ambulatory setting, 9 providing both variety and the opportunity to maintain clinical skills.
cord-007890-bie1veti	2002	Effects of Interferon alpha plus ribavirine therapy on frequencies of HCV, HIV and CMV specific CD4-T-cell responses in peripheral blood of HIV/HCV coinfected patients after 6 months of treatment SoA9.5 Methods: Two groups of patients with chronic HCV infection were studied: 26 HIV coinfected progressors with antiretroviral therapy and 13 HIV-negative controls. In order to assess the local temporal trend of antibiotic sensitivity of the most common urinary tract bacterial pathogen, all urine-cultured Escherichia coli isolates were reviewed as to susceptibility profile, and specimen source (community-versus hospital-acquired infection). Methods: A total of 87 penicillin resistant clinical strains isolated from patients at Hacettepe Children''s Hospital, Ankara, Turkey between 1999 and 2001 were tested for their in vitro susceptibility to various antibiotics that are commonly used in the treatment of respiratory tract infections.
cord-009997-oecpqf1j	2018	
cord-010119-t1x9gknd	2017	Conclusion: The wide distribution in the concentration of bioactive lipids among 405 stored RBC units suggests that lipid degradation is highly donor-Background/Case Studies: To ensure availability of biological products to hospitals, blood banks have developed and validated multiple storage conditions for each of their products to maximize shelf life and quality. 1 The Department of Blood Transfusion, The PLA General Hospital, 2 The Department of Blood Transfusion, Air Force General Hospital, PLA Background/Case Studies: Recently, multi researches have reported that longer term-stored red blood cells(RBCs) units were associated with increased risks of clinically adverse events, especially in critically ill patients. Weak D types 1, 2 and 3 express all the major RhD epitopes and these patients can be managed as RhD-positive, which may lead to a reduction in unnecessary Rh immunoglobulin (RhIG) administration and conservation of RhD-negative RBCs. Study Design/Method: RHD genotyping was performed on all patient samples with weaker than expected or discrepant RhD typing results, utilizing a commercially available genotyping kit manufactured by Immucor (RHD BeadChip).
cord-011188-59hn9wsv	2020	
cord-011261-h1fzti0i	2019	A longitudinal survey design was utilized to measure pre-, post-, and long-term (3-month) changes in knowledge (impact of stress on personal health, learning, and patient care), confidence, perceived skills, and attitude (towards utilizing adaptive coping strategies) among participating students (N = 135). All survey instruments included identical questions to measure students'' perceived changes in stress management in four domains: knowledge (impact of stress on their own health, learning, and patient care), confidence, perceived skills, and attitude (towards utilizing adaptive coping strategies to prevent burnout), which used a 5-point Likert-type scale (1 = not at all, 5 = extremely). Overall, students'' mean survey responses demonstrated statistically significant improvement for knowledge about the impact of stress on their overall long-term success, health, learning and patient care, and confidence and skills in recognizing and utilizing adaptive strategies to handle stress and attitude towards seeking help increased from pre-to immediate post-workshop (T1 to T2) (see Table 1 ).
cord-011859-6ksss988	2020	Hence, we, as teachers, hat to improvise teaching -in addition to caring for the patients -and maybe the final-year students at that time learned a little less about different diseases but a lot instead about medical behaviour in unknown clinical situations. But this time the change affects all teachers and all students and almost all teaching and examination structures in medical education and in all other healthcare professions studies as well as in all other courses of study in general -and this worldwide [University World News: https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20200324065639773, accessed: 02.05.2020]. But other teaching techniques also help to improvise appropriate medical lessons in times of a lockdown, especially e-learning, of course [14] , because it is particularly easy to keep one''s distance. Für Lehrende der Medizin und Medizinstudierende scheinen solche Techniken des Improvisationstheaters ebenfalls nützlich zu sein -und zwar sowohl für die ärztliche Tätigkeit als auch für das Unterrichten von Medizinstudierenden bzw.
cord-013263-xw611i8k	2020	
cord-014687-0am4l5ms	2012	This presentation will focus on recent developments that have lead to a better understanding of the embryopathogenesis for fibropolycystic liver diseases (including choledochal cysts and Caroli disease), histopathological findings that have led to new classification systems for of pediatric vascular anomalies, technological advances and contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging that are useful to characterize and limit the differential diagnosis of hepatic masses. Disclosure: Dr. Annapragada has indicated that he is a stock holder and consultant for Marval Biosciences Inc. Paper #: PA-067 Cardiovascular Image Quality Using a Nanoparticle CT Contrast Agent: Preliminary Studies in a Pig Model Rajesh Krishnamurthy, Radiology, Texas Children''s Hospital, rxkrishn@texaschildrens.org; Ketan Ghaghada, Prakash Masand, Abhay Divekar, Eric Hoffman, Ananth Annapragada Purpose or Case Report: Image quality in a separate study using a long circulating, liposomal-based nanoscale blood pool iodinated contrast agent (NCTX) suggests clinical utility in pediatrics, potentially reducing difficulties in contrast-CT of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) including the size of intravenous cannula, need for accurate timing, inability to simultaneously opacify multiple targets of interest (requiring repeated contrast administration and/or repeated imaging).
cord-014794-yppi30a0	2003	These parts were in a high percentage associated with fibrosis and lymphocyte rich areas and showed a higher mitotic activity than usual PTCs. Discussion The differences in the occurrence of TCV and TCmorphology between the presented series and previously reported cases might result from until now not clearly defined tall cell morphology as well as from similarities to PTCs, such as the oxyphilic variant, which is extremely rare in our series, and maybe also from often described squamous changes within PTCs. Due to these data it is not clear which tumor parts have relevance for prognosis and which tumors should be treated more aggressively than others. The aims of this study were to characterize the group of patients with BSOT and evaluate the significance of various molecular markers expression versus serous papillary ovarian carcinomas (SPOC) Material and methods We analyzed a total of 102 cases including: 64 cystadenoma, 10 borderline and 28 cystadenocarcinoma.
cord-015394-uj7fe5y6	2008	Studies involving immunohistochemical analysis of normal ovaries have shown that granulosa cells express significantly higher levels of the activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor, cFos compared to theca cells, where cFos expression is virtually absent. Following acute hypoxia (0.5% O2) for one to six hours, RhoA mRNA, total protein and activation (RhoA-GTP) levels were analysed, using semi-quantitative PCRs and western blot, and compared to normoxic non-pregnant human uterine smooth muscle control cells. Since there is an urgent need for non-invasive methods for determination of fetal (F) and placental (P) function, this study was designed to evaluate the genes differently and commonly expressed in P tissue and leukocytes in maternal (M) and F circulation.Material and Methods. The current study: 1) localized IL-6 mRNA levels in preeclamptic versus normal decidual sections; 2) evaluated mechanisms regulating IL-6 synthesis by targeting intracellular signaling pathways with specific inhibitors; 3) identified potential IL-6 targets by immunolocalizing the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) to specific cell types in placental bed biopsies.
cord-017650-2uqy3bnd	2010	In the past 11 chapters, we have visited some heroes, diseases, and treatments that are part of the heritage of the healing professions, we have discussed some of the language of medicine and some thoughts of our most erudite predecessors, and we have examined some instances of clinical practice, including a few times when what happened was not what we today would have wished. Sometime around 1904, Sir William Osler (1849-1919) collected a number of his addresses "delivered at sundry times and diverse places in the course of a busy life." The book''s title is Aequanirnitas with Other Addresses to Medical Students, Nurses and Practitioners of Medicine. A 2006 investigative report in the Portland newspaper, The Oregonian, tells the reaction of Epley''s colleagues: "Inexplicably, they rejected him, heaved accusations that threatened his license to practice medicine." Today, however, the Epley chair is gaining acceptance, has garnered several million dollars in federal grants, and may be on its way to a medical clinic near you (4).
cord-018237-5qfdqlpw	2006	Regardless of disaster events, on a daily basis, the great majority of healthcare facilities and emergency medical services (EMS) systems, even in prosperous Western nations, are overwhelmed in terms of emergency care capacity, be they government-based or private entities. Some key reasons for increases in the frequency, magnitude and impact of disasters (natural, unintentional and intentional) since the mid-20 th century z Exponential growth of human populations, concentrated in high-risk venues (e.g., shorelines, earthquake zones and prior uninhabited regions), particularly those externally dependent upon on others for sustenance (food supply chains), power resources and public health hygiene, making human populations increasingly vulnerable when infrastructures disrupted. In essence, there is a spiraling risk for catastrophic events involving multiple casualties and population-based medical morbidity, including proximal injury and illness and subsequent psychological and public health concerns (Table 1) . Even within hospitals, dealing with disaster management is generally administrative in nature (training, equipment, procedures, personnel) and consumes and diverts medical care professionals'' time and efforts from their day-to-day patient care activities.
cord-021806-mup8tzkv	2015	
cord-021922-de9o76q0	2009	
cord-023049-fio7cjj5	2017	Clinical efficacy (Medical Research Council sum score, 10-m walk, modified Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment score, Overall Neuropathy Limitations Scale, Romberg test) and patient-reported outcomes (36-item Short Form Health Survey , Life Quality Index [LQI] ) were assessed at baseline and at regular intervals until the final visit (10-14 months after switching). To explore the issue of early biomarkers in FAP, we performed skin biopsy and compared IENF density with parameters of nerve conduction studies (NCS) and quantitative sensory testing (QST) on 36 subjects (23 men, aged 55.1 ± 11.1 years) with genetic confirmation of TTR-A97S: 17 patients and 19 carriers. Results: The Gly112Ser mutation causing CMT1C is a mild form of CMT, as patients walked on time, had less weakness than those with Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease type 1A (CMT1A), had a Charcot Marie Tooth neuropathy score (CMTNS) indicative of mild disease, and had faster ulnar and median motor nerve conduction velocities compared to those with CMT1A.
cord-023211-kt5gt26t	2007	Previous studies performed using fluorescence halide efflux measurements and short-circuit current voltage clamp have shown that treatment with PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma) agonists, such as pioglitazone and FLL (FMOC-L-leucine), resulted in an increased biosynthesis and trafficking of ∆F508-CFTR to the cell surface. Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom Recent progress in the development of small molecule correctors and potentiators capable of restoring CFTR function have increased the need for pre-clinical test models including cultured airway epithelial cells from human CF patients as well as CF mouse models. Clinical studies have linked increased sputum and peripheral blood neutrophil MPO activity with increased airflow obstruction in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients of the same age, gender, airway bacterial flora, and CFTR genotype. Because patients expressing low levels of normal CFTR mRNA (5-20%) have mild disease symptoms, these studies demonstrate that the incorporation of the ciliated cell-specific FOXJ1 promoter into gene therapy vectors may be useful for treatment of CF.
cord-023913-pnjhi8cu	2011	So while there has been no shortage of effort paid to improving Medicare, the one common theme in all of the recent initiatives is that dental care has been conspicuously 1 A new study by Hedlund, Jeffcoat, Genco and Tanna funded by CIGNA of patients with Type II diabetes and periodontal disease found that medical costs of patients who received maintenance therapy were $2483.51 per year lower than patients who did not. Examples of integrated care models do exist, such as that presented by (Heuer 2007 ) involving school-linked and school-based clinics with an "innovative health infrastructure." According to Heuer, "Neighborhood Outreach Action for Health (NOAH)" is staffed by two nurse practitioners and a part-time physician to provide "primary medical services to more than 3,200 uninsured patients each year" in Scottsdale, Arizona.
cord-024613-yump76qu	2020	Combined with our experience, we have consulted the relevant national regulations and the latest research advances and have formulated the prevention and control measures of SARS-CoV-2 infection, including outpatient, emergency, inpatient and surgical cares, for clinical practices of pediatric orthopedics according to the physicochemical properties of SARS-CoV-2. Combined with our experience, we have consulted the relevant national regulations and the latest research advances and have formulated the prevention and control measures of SARS-CoV-2 infection, including outpatient, emergency, inpatient and surgical cares for pediatric orthopedics, pediatric surgery and others. reCommendAtion formAtion proCeSS Given the high demand of patients for medical treatment and the need to protect medical staff from infectious diseases, a recommendation working group "Recommendation Formulating Team for Pediatric Orthopedic Infection controls during the Epidemic''s Period of COVID-19" (including all authors) was formed to focus on relevant issues for protection of medical staff in pediatric surgery, pediatric orthopedics, infectious diseases department, anesthesiology department, and nursing department to hospital administrators.
cord-024622-ez4ke2of	2020	
cord-024984-d9s7akd5	2020	
cord-031296-b8dk08sl	2020	
cord-031777-gy1lc2jz	2020	
cord-034317-bhzctz87	2020	
cord-035181-l1heb3or	2020	title: Prevalence of US-trained International Medical Graduates (IMG) physicians awaiting permanent residency: a quantitative analysis CONCLUSIONS: The total number of US-trained immigrant physicians in active practice awaiting permanent residency to the USA is estimated to be ranging between 14,710 and 16,189. We formulated a stepwise approach to the problem, by first quantifying the number of non-US IMGs (International Medical Graduates who were not US citizens), who had sought residency training in the USA, from 2004 until 2020. These numbers were used to get an estimate of physicians who had likely applied for immigrant petitions currently practicing in the USA but were awaiting permanent residency. The 2018 FSMB census data suggested that while the proportion of physicians from China was relatively small and was not quantified, the majority of licensed IMGs that were currently in practice in the US had graduated from medical schools in India, with their numbers being estimated at 50,173 (23%) (Figure 1 ) [15] .
cord-102667-mtl1x7gz	2019	
cord-244388-dxrrpxl7	2020	Built on case records and guidelines using AI-based methods, the system consists of the following building blocks: 1) an engine for the automated ingestion of unstructured clinical notes, the extraction of relevant medical entities and their organization into a knowledge graph (KG); 2) a data-driven dialog system that allows a conversation with such medical knowledge base and drives the patient interactions; 3) an inference engine able to suggest the most appropriate recommendation in terms of point of care and time frame for treatment. After ontology creation, the input case records together with the extracted medical concepts and metadata were automatically ingested and organized in a language agnostic knowledge graph (KG). For the neural network based model we constructed a training corpus masking one or multiple medical concepts from each patient case and optimised the network to predict the obscured features.
cord-253211-klewqw7u	2020	We used a self-designed questionnaire to collect demographic information and data on mental states, including gender, age (years), educational level, job rank, body and mind reaction, cognition of risk, and the judgment of the epidemic situation. At the same time, the psychological stress responses of medical staff were significantly different according to the levels of exposure in their environments, duration and personal experience. Inspired by this theory, this study attempted to investigate whether differences in the exposure environment, personal experience, and exposure duration of medical care personnel would lead to differences in their psychological responses, and advice and assistance were provided to personnel to prevent the development of mental health issues. We used a selfdesigned questionnaire to collect demographics and mental state data including factors such as gender, age (years), educational level, job rank, body and mind reaction, cognition of risk, and the judgment of the epidemic situation, which was started in the third week after the outbreak, and the specific time is from February 12 to February 21, 2020.
cord-255762-qd6fht8y	2020	
cord-256946-ulvqm24g	2020	
cord-257167-rz4r5sj7	2006	SY1-3-11-3 SAD: A novel kinase implicated in phosphoproteome at the presynaptic active zone Toshihisa Ohtsuka Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine/Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan SAD is a serine/threonine kianse, which has been shown to regulate various neuronal functions during development, including clustering synaptic vesicles, maturation of synapses, and axon/dendrite polarization: these have recently been revealed by genetic studies in C. The results suggest that EAAT4 plays a major role in regulating the concentration of CF transmitters, possibly glutamate, in the route of its extrasynaptic diffusion, and determining the degree of CF-induced inhibition of GABA release from BCs depending on the regional difference of EAAT4 expression in postsynaptic PCs. Chitoshi Takayama 1 , Yoshiro Inoue 1 1 Department of Molecular Neuroanatomy, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan GABA mediates inhibitory transmission in the adult central nervous system (CNS).
cord-257680-ds1y3ks9	2020	BACKGROUND: The study presented here systematically examines the potential involvement of dental, oral and maxillofacial centres (ZMK) in the management of pandemia or in large-scale emergencies. Taking into account previous studies, the aim of this study was thus to systematically investigate the current rate and potential increase in integration of dental medical centres at university hospitals in the emergency response plan of the hospital as a whole. Previous contingency plans for a mass casualty scenario had foreseen the fire service, Germany''s Federal Disaster Relief Agency (THW) and the Red Cross setting up and operating treatment stations at the outpatient clinic of the MHH to support the hospital. On average, the dental medical centres feature a total of 82.5 dental treatment units and 4.9 surgical rooms, which fall into the categories of minor surgery rooms, emergency operating theatres and operating theatres.
cord-260907-uuaa9ta2	2020	Clinical clerkships in surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, and anesthesiology require students to participate in surgeries and procedures to learn technical skills, and then demonstrate such skills to assess competence. The remainder of this paper focuses on the potential solutions and barriers to providing adequate undergraduate medical education in procedure-oriented fields in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic. Educators looking to provide examples of surgical videos to their learners need to curate these collections with the knowledge base of the learner in mind [12, 13] . Creating educational tools that instruct students in surgical assisting may fill an important need. Sharing web-based video examples of appropriate communication techniques has been shown to be effective in teaching surgical trainees [23] . Students at our institution who were asked which remote teaching methods they considered the most helpful gave similar ratings to interactive online cases, remote lectures, and faculty-guided surgical videos. The effect of degree of immersion upon learning performance in virtual reality simulations for medical education
cord-263236-0zkhz71p	2020	
cord-268378-tcuv255v	2008	
cord-271308-nypkr537	2020	
cord-272218-6vpu59xq	2020	
cord-272311-91xjkv6m	2020	
cord-273005-kab6f157	2020	
cord-275074-qyre2hht	2020	
cord-279719-z0wuajpx	2020	Resource rationing has been necessary in the COVID-19 pandemic, and therefore consensus documents have been published for decision-making based on four fundamental ethical values: maximization of benefits, treating people equally, contributing to creating social value and giving priority to the worst off, from which specific recommendations derive: maximize benefits; prioritize health workers; do not prioritize attendance on a first-COme, first-served basis; be sensitive to scientific evidence; recognize participation in research and apply the same principles to COVID-19 patients as to non-COVID-19 patients. The aspects associated with the principle of justice expressed by Beauchamp and Childress will therefore be of key importance in resolving the ethical and medical-legal problems arising from the fair assignation of resources during the COVID-19 pandemic.
cord-280823-i1n8mu8b	2019	
cord-285848-37dmv4ep	2020	
cord-287350-xj2i6fgd	2020	
cord-289205-or60zzjs	2018	
cord-291081-3294r4gh	2020	
cord-292035-y37whb0u	2020	
cord-292976-qctfl6r8	2020	
cord-295324-t1zvz1zg	2020	
cord-297942-6wdwrttn	2020	To standardize the clinical diagnosis and treatment, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) has established a working group and formulated the following operational recommendation regarding "Diagnosis and Clinical Management of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection" (V2.0). According to the definition of the National Health Commission [1] , patients in accordance with one of the following standards should be hospitalized and transferred to Beijing designated medical institution as soon as possible; (1) respiratory rate increased (≥30 per min) or dyspnoea; (2) oxygen saturation ≤ 95% when breathing ambient air, or arterial oxygen tension (PaO₂) over inspiratory oxygen fraction (FIO₂) of less than 300 mm Hg (1 mm Hg equals to 0.133 kPa); (3) lung imaging indicating multilobular lesions or progression of lesions over 50% within 48 h; (4) quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA) score ≥2; (5) community-acquired pneumonia-65 (CURB-65) score ≥ 1; (6) combined pneumothorax; (7) other clinical conditions that require hospitalization.
cord-301083-nnh95i0k	2020	
cord-302993-t4quwfva	2020	title: COVID-19 and its impact on medical student education in dermatology Teledermatology offers a potential solution to medical student education during the COVID-19 67 Herein, we discuss methods of implementing teledermatology in order to optimize 68 medical student learning. Optimizing teledermatology for medical student education 71 Although many dermatology appointments have been transitioned to virtual visits, medical 72 students can still participate in these encounters. This allows medical 74 students to learn fundamental dermatologic concepts while participating in patient care, which 75 Although telemedicine is useful, it is also important to recognize that there are elements of 85 dermatology education that cannot be replaced virtually, such as the ability to assess texture, 86 perform biopsies, or use tools such as dermoscopy, Wood''s lamp, and KOH scraping. For the time being however, it is important to 88 optimize tele-education and to involve medical students as much as possible. Optimizing teledermatology visits for dermatology resident 100 education during the COVID-19 pandemic
cord-303389-z6ucelh0	2020	
cord-304230-rxhoe8cw	2020	
cord-304895-fw7qt571	2020	
cord-305136-tnvp3n1g	2020	
cord-307709-o6biwypo	2020	
cord-313927-60l1ulis	2020	
cord-316879-nbkvd0le	2020	
cord-318790-u7q8yxhh	2020	
cord-320184-wacoz5t9	2014	Codes of ethics provide a wealth of information on a variety of aspects such as virtue-based ethical decision making, professional responsibilities, counseling relationships, consulting, private practice, evaluation and assessment, research and publications, counselor education, training, and supervision. A. Knowledge in medicine and timely application in a given situation to assess the case at the bedside meticulously with empathy; analysis of clinical issues and challenges, and differentiating one from another with or without the help of laboratory data; application of appropriate specific and nonspecific measures to alleviate the symptoms or to treat cases with currently available guidelines; acceptance of limitations of knowledge and skills, resources, and constraints; arrangement for referral or consultation; provision of follow-up care, rehabilitation services, or welfare program depending on the case; proper documentation, adequate informed consent, continuous monitoring to strengthen physicianÀpatient relationship, patient satisfaction, and quality of life, thereby avoiding any conflicts or liability issues.
cord-322679-jrsg8pdk	2020	
cord-325071-5vn0ozqj	2020	
cord-326253-dddf5u75	2020	
cord-327207-bwuag9ek	2020	RECENT FINDINGS: Barriers to interest in urology include educational factors, such as timing of exposure to urology in medical school, USMLE scores, research experience, and deciding in time for an early match, as well as socioeconomic barriers, such as cost, being underrepresented in medicine, and gender. Barriers medical students face in pursuing urology include educational factors, such as audition rotations and research, as well as socioeconomic factors, such as cost, underrepresentation in medicine, and gender. Future steps that the urological community can take include increasing involvement in the medical school curriculum during the preclinical years, increasing faculty availability as mentors, broadening the range of urological experiences that students have, lowering academic and socioeconomic barriers, and finding ways to continue vetting quality applicants despite changes in board exam scoring and possible restrictions in the number of programs students can apply to.
cord-327723-bnbinwnl	2020	
cord-327809-9uhhqasl	2020	
cord-328331-y503xma9	2020	
cord-328522-ef4xg3q0	2006	The aim of this phase was to develop a disposition classifi cation system (reverse triage) based on risk tolerance of a consequential medical event as a result of discharge; assuming that critical interventions were withdrawn or withheld. We focus on the main components of the fi rst phase: (1) conceptualisation of the disposition classifi cation system; (2) development of operational defi nitions of consequential medical events and critical interventions; and (3) derivation of risk estimates related to early discharge from a multidisciplinary panel of experts. After the defi nitions had been decided on, the panellists voted to defi ne the upper limit of acceptable risk for the occurrence of a consequential medical event (ie, need for critical intervention), for each of the categories of the disposition classifi cation system.
cord-329224-t45bedot	2020	BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: The COVID-19 pandemic and resulting cancellation of medical student clinical rotations pose unique challenges to students'' educations, the impact of which has not yet been explored. CONCLUSIONS: Our study found that about one-fifth of surveyed medical students currently believe that the COVID-19 pandemic will affect their choice of specialty, with many of these citing concerns that they cannot explore specialties or obtain recommendation letters. Although there are some existing anecdotal commentaries describing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical education [5, [18] [19] [20] [21] , studies describing virtual curriculum development [5] [6] [7] [8] , and reports of medical student mobilization in response to the pandemic [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] , to our knowledge no data yet exists describing the current impact on medical students'' academic lives. This study serves as an early snapshot into medical students'' perspectives on their education and careers at a time when the COVID-19 pandemic is in full force and clinical rotations remain cancelled.
cord-330503-w1m1ci4i	2018	
cord-331410-mcee0wr4	2020	
cord-332573-pltz5viz	2020	The reflection piece, due at the end of the course, was a one-to two-page reply to the following prompt: "Describe three key aspects of lab medicine you''ve learned and how they apply to the Covid-19 pandemic." The anonymous course survey contained quantitative and freetext elements for students to give feedback on small groups, lectures, and the overall course (Supplemental Table 1 ; all supplemental materials can be found at American Journal of Clinical Pathology online). The course directors effectively leveraged these parallel changes in clinical activity and resident education to provide medical students remote access to these activities, which had been components of LabM 680 ❚Table 4❚. The new course, MedSci 585C, provided third-and fourth-year medical students an opportunity to develop their diagnostic and patient management skills through directed distance learning in the hospital-based clinical laboratory.
cord-332743-cqk0c2ie	2020	1 Among these initiatives is the recruitment of doctors of specialties other than internal medicine or anesthesiology and, in some cases, even of medical students. 1-2 Such actions, although necessary and evident in critical times, can be a cause of concern for numerous physicians who are suddenly redeployed to COVID-19 wards yet lack even the basic intensive care training. 2 As far as the structure of the dermatologic medical specialist training is concerned, there are certainly differences among the different countries and even among residency programs in the same country: some residency programs include a general medicine common trunk of variable duration, while others are constituted solely of a full-time dermatology training. Senior medical students in the COVID-19 response: an opportunity to be proactive Training requirements and recommendation for the specialty of dermatology and venereology European Standards of Postgraduate Medical Specialist Training Taking responsibility for complex medical dermatology patient management
cord-333132-m0tkgf7x	2020	
cord-336689-z3ayolzb	2020	We searched relevant literature in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar using specific keywords, e.g., "COVID-19 pandemic," "preclinical medical education," "online learning," "remote learning," "challenges," and "opportunities." The pandemic has posed several challenges to premedical education (e.g., suspension of face-to-face teaching, lack of cadaveric dissections, and practical/laboratory sessions) but has provided many opportunities as well, such as the incorporation of online learning in the curriculum and upskilling and reskilling in new technologies. New strategies are emerging in the preclinical phase that integrates technology to make learning effective and appealing to students, [7] [8] [9] , making them more relevant and applicable for remote learning during the current COVID-19 pandemic. [40] also warned: "The COVID-19 pandemic will not be the last major infectious disease that puts learners at risk." However, many medical schools have successfully transitioned their teaching and learning environment to emergency remote learning, having monitored and examined student and staff readiness, and completed online formative and summative exams both in preclinical and clinical years.
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cord-349371-3htcturz	2020	In an era promising patient-centredness and inter-professional practices, we must ask: ''when will medicine, and its informing agent medical education, embrace democratic habits and collectivism?'' The symptom of lingering heroic individualism is particularly prominent in North American medical education. In an opinion piece in the Wall Street Journal-Take Two Aspirin and Call Me by My Pronouns-Stanley Goldfarb (2019) , an experienced physician and retired associate dean of curriculum at the University of Pennsylvania''s Perelman School of Medicine, complains about ''woke'' medical schools where "curricula are increasingly focused on social justice rather than treating illness". Prejudice against medical education''s potential interest in social justice issues is grounded in a long-standing historical divide between health in the community setting (focused on prevention of illness) and hospital-based medicine (focused on treatment). Medical educators whose pedagogies celebrated individual achievement ignored the work of American scholars who had spent time in Russia studying collectivist and dialectical-materialist learning theory, such as the psychologist Michael Cole (Cole et al.
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cord-353772-z1x52stl	2008	Therefore, interdiction programs like the Proliferation Security Initiative -a US effort to create international agreements and partnerships with other countries to allow the United States and its allies to board airplanes or ships suspected of carrying weapons of mass destruction or their components -may have some deterrent role but without accurate and timely intelligence, it will likely be of limited effectiveness against biological threats, unlike chemical, nuclear, or ballistic missile threats where the cargo is easier to detect. And, some functions can overlap in time; for example, the logistics associated with activating the Strategic National Stockpile (warehouses in the United States that currently store medical supplies for a massive infectious outbreak) and setting up and staffing the points of distribution (PODs) where people will eventually queue up to receive treatment can occur simultaneously and immediately after an attack is detected but before the agent has been identified.
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