id sid tid token lemma pos cord-260429-5wsj003j 1 1 key key NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 1 2 : : : cord-260429-5wsj003j 2 1 cord-260429 cord-260429 NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 2 2 - - HYPH cord-260429-5wsj003j 2 3 5wsj003j 5wsj003j CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 2 4 authors author NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 2 5 : : : cord-260429-5wsj003j 2 6 Kenyon Kenyon NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 2 7 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 3 1 Chris Chris NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 3 2 title title NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 3 3 : : : cord-260429-5wsj003j 4 1 Widespread widespread JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 4 2 use use NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 4 3 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 4 4 face face NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 4 5 masks mask NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 4 6 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 4 7 public public JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 4 8 may may MD cord-260429-5wsj003j 4 9 slow slow VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 4 10 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 4 11 spread spread NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 4 12 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 4 13 SARS SARS NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 4 14 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 4 15 : : : cord-260429-5wsj003j 4 16 an an DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 4 17 ecological ecological JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 4 18 study study NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 4 19 date date NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 4 20 : : : cord-260429-5wsj003j 4 21 2020 2020 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 4 22 - - HYPH cord-260429-5wsj003j 4 23 04 04 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 4 24 - - HYPH cord-260429-5wsj003j 4 25 06 06 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 4 26 journal journal NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 4 27 : : : cord-260429-5wsj003j 4 28 nan nan NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 4 29 DOI DOI NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 4 30 : : : cord-260429-5wsj003j 4 31 10.1101/2020.03.31.20048652 10.1101/2020.03.31.20048652 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 4 32 sha sha NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 4 33 : : : cord-260429-5wsj003j 4 34 3ef0df1127178cb56f40a4e4fcb6a39b82df6730 3ef0df1127178cb56f40a4e4fcb6a39b82df6730 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 4 35 doc_id doc_id CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 4 36 : : : cord-260429-5wsj003j 4 37 260429 260429 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 4 38 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 4 39 : : : cord-260429-5wsj003j 5 1 5wsj003j 5wsj003j LS cord-260429-5wsj003j 5 2 Background Background NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 6 1 The the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 6 2 reasons reason NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 6 3 for for IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 6 4 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 6 5 large large JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 6 6 differences difference NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 6 7 between between IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 6 8 countries country NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 6 9 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 6 10 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 6 11 sizes size NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 6 12 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 6 13 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-260429-5wsj003j 6 14 SARS SARS NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 6 15 CoV2 CoV2 NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 6 16 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 6 17 is be VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 6 18 unknown unknown JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 6 19 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 7 1 Individual individual JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 7 2 level level NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 7 3 studies study NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 7 4 have have VBP cord-260429-5wsj003j 7 5 found find VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 7 6 that that IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 7 7 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 7 8 use use NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 7 9 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 7 10 face face NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 7 11 masks mask NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 7 12 was be VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 7 13 protective protective JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 7 14 for for IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 7 15 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 7 16 acquisition acquisition NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 7 17 and and CC cord-260429-5wsj003j 7 18 transmission transmission NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 7 19 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 7 20 a a DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 7 21 range range NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 7 22 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 7 23 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 7 24 viruses virus NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 7 25 including include VBG cord-260429-5wsj003j 7 26 SARS SARS NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 7 27 CoV1 CoV1 NNPS cord-260429-5wsj003j 7 28 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 8 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-260429-5wsj003j 8 2 hypothesized hypothesize VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 8 3 that that IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 8 4 population population NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 8 5 level level NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 8 6 usage usage NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 8 7 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 8 8 face face NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 8 9 masks mask NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 8 10 may may MD cord-260429-5wsj003j 8 11 be be VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 8 12 negatively negatively RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 8 13 associated associate VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 8 14 SARS SARS NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 8 15 CoV2 CoV2 NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 8 16 spread spread VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 8 17 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 9 1 Methods method NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 9 2 At at IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 9 3 a a DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 9 4 country country NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 9 5 level level NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 9 6 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 9 7 linear linear JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 9 8 regression regression NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 9 9 was be VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 9 10 used use VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 9 11 to to TO cord-260429-5wsj003j 9 12 assess assess VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 9 13 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 9 14 association association NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 9 15 between between IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 9 16 COVID19 COVID19 NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 9 17 diagnoses diagnosis NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 9 18 per per IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 9 19 inhabitant inhabitant NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 9 20 and and CC cord-260429-5wsj003j 9 21 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 9 22 national national JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 9 23 promotion promotion NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 9 24 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 9 25 face face NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 9 26 masks mask NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 9 27 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 9 28 public public JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 9 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 9 30 coded code VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 9 31 as as IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 9 32 a a DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 9 33 binary binary JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 9 34 variable variable NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 9 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 9 36 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 9 37 controlling control VBG cord-260429-5wsj003j 9 38 for for IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 9 39 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 9 40 age age NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 9 41 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 9 42 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 9 43 COVID19 COVID19 NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 9 44 epidemic epidemic NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 9 45 and and CC cord-260429-5wsj003j 9 46 testing testing NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 9 47 intensity intensity NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 9 48 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 10 1 Results result NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 10 2 Eight eight CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 10 3 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 10 4 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 10 5 49 49 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 10 6 countries country NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 10 7 with with IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 10 8 available available JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 10 9 data datum NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 10 10 advocated advocate VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 10 11 wearing wear VBG cord-260429-5wsj003j 10 12 face face NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 10 13 masks mask NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 10 14 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 10 15 public public NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 10 16 : : : cord-260429-5wsj003j 10 17 China China NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 10 18 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 10 19 Czechia Czechia NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 10 20 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 10 21 Hong Hong NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 10 22 Kong Kong NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 10 23 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 10 24 Japan Japan NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 10 25 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 10 26 Singapore Singapore NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 10 27 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 10 28 South South NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 10 29 Korea Korea NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 10 30 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 10 31 Thailand Thailand NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 10 32 and and CC cord-260429-5wsj003j 10 33 Malaysia Malaysia NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 10 34 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 11 1 In in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 11 2 multivariate multivariate JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 11 3 analysis analysis NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 11 4 face face NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 11 5 mask mask NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 11 6 use use NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 11 7 was be VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 11 8 negatively negatively RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 11 9 associated associate VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 11 10 with with IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 11 11 number number NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 11 12 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 11 13 COVID19 covid19 NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 11 14 cases case NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 11 15 / / SYM cord-260429-5wsj003j 11 16 inhabitant inhabitant NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 11 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 11 18 coef coef NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 11 19 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 11 20 -326 -326 NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 11 21 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 11 22 95 95 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 11 23 % % NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 11 24 CI CI NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 11 25 -601- -601- NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 11 26 -51 -51 NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 11 27 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 11 28 P=0.021 P=0.021 NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 11 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 11 30 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 12 1 Testing testing NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 12 2 intensity intensity NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 12 3 was be VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 12 4 positively positively RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 12 5 associated associate VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 12 6 with with IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 12 7 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 12 8 cases case NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 12 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 12 10 coef coef NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 12 11 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 13 1 0.07 0.07 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 13 2 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 13 3 95 95 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 13 4 % % NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 13 5 CI CI NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 13 6 0.05 0.05 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 13 7 - - HYPH cord-260429-5wsj003j 13 8 0.08 0.08 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 13 9 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 13 10 P<0.001 P<0.001 NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 13 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 13 12 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 14 1 Conclusion conclusion NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 15 1 Whilst whilst IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 15 2 these these DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 15 3 results result NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 15 4 are be VBP cord-260429-5wsj003j 15 5 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 15 6 to to IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 15 7 residual residual JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 15 8 confounding confounding NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 15 9 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 15 10 they -PRON- PRP cord-260429-5wsj003j 15 11 do do VBP cord-260429-5wsj003j 15 12 provide provide VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 15 13 ecological ecological JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 15 14 level level NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 15 15 support support NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 15 16 to to IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 15 17 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 15 18 individual individual JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 15 19 level level NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 15 20 studies study NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 15 21 that that WDT cord-260429-5wsj003j 15 22 found find VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 15 23 face face NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 15 24 mask mask NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 15 25 usage usage NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 15 26 to to TO cord-260429-5wsj003j 15 27 reduce reduce VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 15 28 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 15 29 transmission transmission NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 15 30 and and CC cord-260429-5wsj003j 15 31 acquisition acquisition NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 15 32 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 15 33 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 15 34 viral viral JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 15 35 infections infection NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 15 36 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 16 1 SARS SARS NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 16 2 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 16 3 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 16 4 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 16 5 viral viral JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 16 6 cause cause NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 16 7 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 16 8 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 16 9 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 16 10 has have VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 16 11 spread spread VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 16 12 rapidly rapidly RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 16 13 to to IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 16 14 over over IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 16 15 190 190 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 16 16 countries country NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 16 17 63 63 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 16 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 16 19 1 1 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 16 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 16 21 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 17 1 There there EX cord-260429-5wsj003j 17 2 has have VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 17 3 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 17 4 however however RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 17 5 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 17 6 been be VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 17 7 remarkable remarkable JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 17 8 variation variation NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 17 9 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 17 10 how how WRB cord-260429-5wsj003j 17 11 extensively extensively RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 17 12 it -PRON- PRP cord-260429-5wsj003j 17 13 has have VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 17 14 spread spread VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 17 15 64 64 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 17 16 and and CC cord-260429-5wsj003j 17 17 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 17 18 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 17 19 national national JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 17 20 responses response NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 17 21 to to IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 17 22 this this DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 17 23 spread spread NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 17 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 17 25 1 1 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 17 26 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 17 27 2 2 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 17 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 17 29 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 18 1 For for IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 18 2 example example NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 18 3 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 18 4 although although IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 18 5 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 18 6 virus virus NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 18 7 is be VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 18 8 65 65 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 18 9 thought think VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 18 10 to to TO cord-260429-5wsj003j 18 11 have have VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 18 12 first first RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 18 13 emerged emerge VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 18 14 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 18 15 China China NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 18 16 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 18 17 European european JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 18 18 countries country NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 18 19 such such JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 18 20 as as IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 18 21 Italy Italy NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 18 22 and and CC cord-260429-5wsj003j 18 23 Spain Spain NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 18 24 66 66 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 18 25 have have VBP cord-260429-5wsj003j 18 26 reported report VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 18 27 roughly roughly RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 18 28 30-fold 30-fold RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 18 29 higher high JJR cord-260429-5wsj003j 18 30 number number NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 18 31 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 18 32 infections infection NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 18 33 per per IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 18 34 capita capita NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 18 35 than than IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 18 36 China China NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 18 37 [ [ -LRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 18 38 1 1 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 18 39 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 18 40 67 67 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 18 41 2 2 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 18 42 ] ] -RRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 18 43 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 19 1 Understanding understand VBG cord-260429-5wsj003j 19 2 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 19 3 reasons reason NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 19 4 underpinning underpin VBG cord-260429-5wsj003j 19 5 this this DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 19 6 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 19 7 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 19 8 spread spread NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 19 9 is be VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 19 10 crucial crucial JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 19 11 to to IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 19 12 68 68 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 19 13 ongoing ongoing JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 19 14 prevention prevention NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 19 15 efforts effort NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 19 16 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 20 1 The the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 20 2 cornerstones cornerstone NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 20 3 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 20 4 prevention prevention NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 20 5 efforts effort NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 20 6 have have VBP cord-260429-5wsj003j 20 7 included include VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 20 8 69 69 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 20 9 extensive extensive JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 20 10 testing testing NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 20 11 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 20 12 contact contact NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 20 13 tracing tracing NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 20 14 and and CC cord-260429-5wsj003j 20 15 isolation isolation NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 20 16 and and CC cord-260429-5wsj003j 20 17 various various JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 20 18 forms form NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 20 19 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 20 20 social social JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 20 21 70 70 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 20 22 distancing distance VBG cord-260429-5wsj003j 20 23 / / SYM cord-260429-5wsj003j 20 24 quarantining quarantine VBG cord-260429-5wsj003j 20 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 20 26 3 3 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 20 27 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 20 28 4 4 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 20 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 20 30 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 21 1 Whilst whilst IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 21 2 there there EX cord-260429-5wsj003j 21 3 have have VBP cord-260429-5wsj003j 21 4 been be VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 21 5 important important JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 21 6 differences difference NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 21 7 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 21 8 how how WRB cord-260429-5wsj003j 21 9 71 71 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 21 10 these these DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 21 11 were be VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 21 12 implemented implement VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 21 13 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 21 14 different different JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 21 15 countries country NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 21 16 , , . cord-260429-5wsj003j 22 1 arguably arguably RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 22 2 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 22 3 most most RBS cord-260429-5wsj003j 22 4 striking striking JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 22 5 difference difference NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 22 6 72 72 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 22 7 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 22 8 approach approach NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 22 9 has have VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 22 10 been be VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 22 11 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 22 12 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 22 13 use use NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 22 14 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 22 15 universal universal JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 22 16 face face NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 22 17 masks mask NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 22 18 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 22 19 public public NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 22 20 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 23 1 Whereas whereas IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 23 2 a a DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 23 3 73 73 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 23 4 number number NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 23 5 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 23 6 predominantly predominantly RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 23 7 Asian asian JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 23 8 countries country NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 23 9 have have VBP cord-260429-5wsj003j 23 10 promoted promote VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 23 11 this this DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 23 12 practice practice NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 23 13 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 23 14 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 23 15 World World NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 23 16 74 74 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 23 17 Health Health NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 23 18 Organization Organization NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 23 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 23 20 WHO who WP cord-260429-5wsj003j 23 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 23 22 and and CC cord-260429-5wsj003j 23 23 most most JJS cord-260429-5wsj003j 23 24 European european JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 23 25 and and CC cord-260429-5wsj003j 23 26 North north JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 23 27 American american JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 23 28 countries country NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 23 29 have have VBP cord-260429-5wsj003j 23 30 75 75 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 23 31 not not RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 23 32 promoted promote VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 23 33 this this DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 23 34 strategy strategy NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 23 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 23 36 5 5 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 23 37 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 23 38 6 6 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 23 39 ] ] -RRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 23 40 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 24 1 The the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 24 2 head head NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 24 3 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 24 4 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 24 5 Chinese Chinese NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 24 6 Center Center NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 24 7 for for IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 24 8 Disease Disease NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 24 9 76 76 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 24 10 Control Control NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 24 11 and and CC cord-260429-5wsj003j 24 12 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 24 13 has have VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 24 14 stated state VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 24 15 that that IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 24 16 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 24 17 biggest big JJS cord-260429-5wsj003j 24 18 mistake mistake NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 24 19 that that IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 24 20 Europe Europe NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 24 21 and and CC cord-260429-5wsj003j 24 22 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 24 23 US US NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 24 24 77 77 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 24 25 were be VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 24 26 making make VBG cord-260429-5wsj003j 24 27 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 24 28 tacking tack VBG cord-260429-5wsj003j 24 29 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 24 30 was be VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 24 31 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-260429-5wsj003j 24 32 failure failure NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 24 33 to to TO cord-260429-5wsj003j 24 34 promote promote VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 24 35 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 24 36 widespread widespread JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 24 37 usage usage NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 24 38 78 78 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 24 39 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 24 40 face face NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 24 41 masks mask NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 24 42 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 24 43 public public JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 24 44 [ [ -LRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 24 45 7 7 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 24 46 ] ] -RRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 24 47 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 1 The the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 2 WHO WHO NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 3 argues argue VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 4 against against IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 5 universal universal JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 6 face face NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 7 mask mask NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 8 use use NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 9 79 79 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 10 based base VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 11 on on IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 12 a a DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 13 lack lack NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 14 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 15 evidence evidence NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 16 to to TO cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 17 support support VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 18 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 19 practice practice NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 20 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 21 as as RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 22 well well RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 23 as as IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 24 a a DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 25 concern concern NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 26 that that IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 27 using use VBG cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 28 80 80 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 29 face face NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 30 masks mask NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 31 will will MD cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 32 provide provide VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 33 users user NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 34 with with IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 35 a a DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 36 false false JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 37 sense sense NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 38 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 39 security security NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 40 which which WDT cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 41 may may MD cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 42 result result VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 43 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 44 81 81 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 45 poorer poor JJR cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 46 hand hand NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 47 hygiene hygiene NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 48 and and CC cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 49 hence hence RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 50 increased increase VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 51 transmission transmission NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 52 [ [ -LRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 53 3 3 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 54 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 55 5 5 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 56 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 57 8 8 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 58 ] ] -RRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 25 59 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 26 1 The the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 26 2 US US NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 26 3 Centers Centers NNPS cord-260429-5wsj003j 26 4 for for IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 26 5 82 82 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 26 6 Disease Disease NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 26 7 Control Control NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 26 8 and and CC cord-260429-5wsj003j 26 9 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 26 10 does do VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 26 11 not not RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 26 12 recommend recommend VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 26 13 that that IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 26 14 people people NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 26 15 who who WP cord-260429-5wsj003j 26 16 are be VBP cord-260429-5wsj003j 26 17 well well RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 26 18 wear wear VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 26 19 83 83 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 26 20 a a DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 26 21 face face NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 26 22 mask mask NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 26 23 to to TO cord-260429-5wsj003j 26 24 protect protect VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 26 25 themselves -PRON- PRP cord-260429-5wsj003j 26 26 from from IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 26 27 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 26 28 diseases disease NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 26 29 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 26 30 including include VBG cord-260429-5wsj003j 26 31 COVID-19 covid-19 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 26 32 84 84 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 26 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 26 34 5 5 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 26 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 26 36 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 27 1 In in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 27 2 fact fact NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 27 3 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 27 4 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 27 5 US US NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 27 6 Surgeon Surgeon NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 27 7 General General NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 27 8 stated state VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 27 9 that that IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 27 10 facemasks facemask NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 27 11 " " `` cord-260429-5wsj003j 27 12 are be VBP cord-260429-5wsj003j 27 13 not not RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 27 14 effective effective JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 27 15 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 27 16 85 85 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 27 17 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 28 1 CC CC NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 28 2 - - HYPH cord-260429-5wsj003j 28 3 BY BY NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 28 4 - - HYPH cord-260429-5wsj003j 28 5 NC NC NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 28 6 - - HYPH cord-260429-5wsj003j 28 7 ND ND NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 28 8 4.0 4.0 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 28 9 International international JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 28 10 license license NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 28 11 It -PRON- PRP cord-260429-5wsj003j 28 12 is be VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 28 13 made make VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 28 14 available available JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 28 15 under under IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 28 16 a a DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 28 17 author author NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 28 18 / / SYM cord-260429-5wsj003j 28 19 funder funder NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 28 20 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 28 21 who who WP cord-260429-5wsj003j 28 22 has have VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 28 23 granted grant VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 28 24 medRxiv medRxiv NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 28 25 a a DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 28 26 license license NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 28 27 to to TO cord-260429-5wsj003j 28 28 display display VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 28 29 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 28 30 preprint preprint NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 28 31 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 28 32 perpetuity perpetuity NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 28 33 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 29 1 is be VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 29 2 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 29 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 29 4 which which WDT cord-260429-5wsj003j 29 5 was be VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 29 6 not not RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 29 7 peer peer NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 29 8 - - HYPH cord-260429-5wsj003j 29 9 reviewed review VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 29 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 30 1 The the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 30 2 copyright copyright NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 30 3 holder holder NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 30 4 for for IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 30 5 this this DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 30 6 preprint preprint NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 30 7 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 31 1 https https NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 31 2 : : : cord-260429-5wsj003j 32 1 //doi.org/10.1101 //doi.org/10.1101 NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 32 2 //doi.org/10 //doi.org/10 XX cord-260429-5wsj003j 32 3 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 33 1 /2020 /2020 . cord-260429-5wsj003j 34 1 preventing prevent VBG cord-260429-5wsj003j 34 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 34 3 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 34 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 34 5 general general JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 34 6 public public NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 34 7 from from IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 34 8 catching catch VBG cord-260429-5wsj003j 34 9 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 34 10 " " '' cord-260429-5wsj003j 34 11 and and CC cord-260429-5wsj003j 34 12 urged urge VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 34 13 people people NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 34 14 to to IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 34 15 86 86 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 34 16 stop stop VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 34 17 buying buy VBG cord-260429-5wsj003j 34 18 face face NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 34 19 masks mask NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 34 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 34 21 5 5 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 34 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 34 23 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 35 1 87 87 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 35 2 Advocates Advocates NNPS cord-260429-5wsj003j 35 3 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 35 4 universal universal JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 35 5 usage usage NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 35 6 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 35 7 face face NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 35 8 masks mask NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 35 9 point point VBP cord-260429-5wsj003j 35 10 to to IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 35 11 four four CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 35 12 types type NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 35 13 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 35 14 evidence evidence NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 35 15 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 36 1 Firstly firstly RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 36 2 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 36 3 89 89 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 36 4 SARS SARS NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 36 5 CoV-1 CoV-1 NNPS cord-260429-5wsj003j 36 6 and and CC cord-260429-5wsj003j 36 7 -2 -2 NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 36 8 are be VBP cord-260429-5wsj003j 36 9 spread spread VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 36 10 mainly mainly RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 36 11 through through IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 36 12 contact contact NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 36 13 - - HYPH cord-260429-5wsj003j 36 14 and and CC cord-260429-5wsj003j 36 15 droplet- droplet- NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 37 1 but but CC cord-260429-5wsj003j 37 2 also also RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 37 3 90 90 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 37 4 through through IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 37 5 airborne airborne JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 37 6 - - HYPH cord-260429-5wsj003j 37 7 transmission transmission NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 37 8 [ [ -LRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 37 9 6 6 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 37 10 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 37 11 9 9 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 37 12 ] ] -RRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 37 13 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 38 1 Detailed detailed JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 38 2 environmental environmental JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 38 3 and and CC cord-260429-5wsj003j 38 4 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 38 5 91 91 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 38 6 investigations investigation NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 38 7 from from IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 38 8 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 38 9 large large JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 38 10 Amoy Amoy NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 38 11 Gardens Gardens NNPS cord-260429-5wsj003j 38 12 outbreak outbreak NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 38 13 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 38 14 SARS SARS NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 38 15 CoV-1 CoV-1 NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 38 16 revealed reveal VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 38 17 that that IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 38 18 92 92 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 38 19 airborne airborne JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 38 20 transmission transmission NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 38 21 played play VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 38 22 an an DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 38 23 important important JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 38 24 role role NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 38 25 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 38 26 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 38 27 outbreak outbreak NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 38 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 38 29 10 10 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 38 30 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 38 31 11 11 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 38 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 38 33 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 39 1 Likewise likewise RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 39 2 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 39 3 93 93 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 39 4 vitro vitro FW cord-260429-5wsj003j 39 5 studies study NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 39 6 demonstrate demonstrate VBP cord-260429-5wsj003j 39 7 that that IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 39 8 SARS SARS NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 39 9 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 39 10 can can MD cord-260429-5wsj003j 39 11 be be VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 39 12 aerosolized aerosolize VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 39 13 and and CC cord-260429-5wsj003j 39 14 remain remain VBP cord-260429-5wsj003j 39 15 viable viable JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 39 16 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 39 17 94 94 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 39 18 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 39 19 air air NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 39 20 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 39 21 this this DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 39 22 form form NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 39 23 for for IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 39 24 at at RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 39 25 least least JJS cord-260429-5wsj003j 39 26 3 3 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 39 27 hours hour NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 39 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 39 29 12 12 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 39 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 39 31 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 40 1 Although although IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 40 2 viral viral JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 40 3 viability viability NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 40 4 was be VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 40 5 not not RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 40 6 assessed assess VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 40 7 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 40 8 95 95 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 40 9 air air NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 40 10 samples sample NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 40 11 from from IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 40 12 hospital hospital NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 40 13 rooms room NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 40 14 and and CC cord-260429-5wsj003j 40 15 toilets toilet NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 40 16 used use VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 40 17 by by IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 40 18 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 40 19 patients patient NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 40 20 as as RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 40 21 well well RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 40 22 as as IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 40 23 96 96 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 40 24 from from IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 40 25 a a DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 40 26 crowded crowded JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 40 27 entrance entrance NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 40 28 to to IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 40 29 a a DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 40 30 department department NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 40 31 store store NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 40 32 tested test VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 40 33 positive positive JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 40 34 for for IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 40 35 SARS SARS NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 40 36 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 41 1 97 97 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 42 1 Even even RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 42 2 if if IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 42 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-260429-5wsj003j 42 4 discount discount VBP cord-260429-5wsj003j 42 5 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 42 6 evidence evidence NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 42 7 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 42 8 airborne airborne JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 42 9 transmission transmission NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 42 10 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 42 11 face face NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 42 12 masks mask NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 42 13 could could MD cord-260429-5wsj003j 42 14 play play VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 42 15 a a DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 42 16 98 98 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 42 17 major major JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 42 18 role role NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 42 19 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 42 20 reducing reduce VBG cord-260429-5wsj003j 42 21 droplet droplet NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 42 22 and and CC cord-260429-5wsj003j 42 23 possibly possibly RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 42 24 contact contact VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 42 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 42 26 via via IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 42 27 reduced reduce VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 42 28 digital digital JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 42 29 - - HYPH cord-260429-5wsj003j 42 30 oral oral JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 42 31 99 99 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 42 32 interactions interaction NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 42 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 42 34 transmission transmission NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 42 35 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 43 1 The the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 43 2 second second JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 43 3 type type NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 43 4 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 43 5 evidence evidence NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 43 6 is be VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 43 7 that that IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 43 8 from from IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 43 9 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 43 10 100 100 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 43 11 studies study NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 43 12 showing show VBG cord-260429-5wsj003j 43 13 that that IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 43 14 masks mask NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 43 15 do do VBP cord-260429-5wsj003j 43 16 provide provide VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 43 17 this this DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 43 18 protective protective JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 43 19 effect effect NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 43 20 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 44 1 One one CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 44 2 systematic systematic JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 44 3 review review NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 44 4 101 101 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 44 5 on on IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 44 6 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 44 7 efficacy efficacy NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 44 8 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 44 9 face face NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 44 10 masks mask NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 44 11 to to TO cord-260429-5wsj003j 44 12 prevent prevent VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 44 13 influenza influenza NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 44 14 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 44 15 found find VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 44 16 evidence evidence NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 44 17 that that IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 44 18 face face NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 44 19 masks mask NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 44 20 102 102 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 44 21 were be VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 44 22 effective effective JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 44 23 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 44 24 preventing prevent VBG cord-260429-5wsj003j 44 25 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 44 26 transmission transmission NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 44 27 to to IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 44 28 others other NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 44 29 and and CC cord-260429-5wsj003j 44 30 weaker weak JJR cord-260429-5wsj003j 44 31 evidence evidence NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 44 32 that that IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 44 33 103 103 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 44 34 they -PRON- PRP cord-260429-5wsj003j 44 35 prevented prevent VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 44 36 influenza influenza NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 44 37 acquisition acquisition NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 44 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 44 39 14 14 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 44 40 ] ] -RRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 44 41 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 45 1 Likewise likewise RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 45 2 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 45 3 a a DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 45 4 systematic systematic JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 45 5 review review NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 45 6 and and CC cord-260429-5wsj003j 45 7 104 104 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 45 8 metanalysis metanalysis NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 45 9 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 45 10 health health NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 45 11 care care NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 45 12 workers worker NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 45 13 found find VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 45 14 that that IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 45 15 mask mask NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 45 16 wearing wear VBG cord-260429-5wsj003j 45 17 was be VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 45 18 associated associate VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 45 19 with with IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 45 20 a a DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 45 21 105 105 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 45 22 lower low JJR cord-260429-5wsj003j 45 23 incidence incidence NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 45 24 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 45 25 clinical clinical JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 45 26 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 45 27 infections infection NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 45 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 45 29 15 15 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 45 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 45 31 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 46 1 A a DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 46 2 Cochrane Cochrane NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 46 3 review review NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 46 4 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 46 5 different different JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 46 6 106 106 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 46 7 physical physical JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 46 8 measures measure NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 46 9 to to TO cord-260429-5wsj003j 46 10 prevent prevent VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 46 11 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 46 12 acquisition acquisition NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 46 13 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 46 14 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 46 15 viruses virus NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 46 16 found find VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 46 17 face face NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 46 18 masks mask NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 46 19 107 107 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 46 20 to to TO cord-260429-5wsj003j 46 21 be be VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 46 22 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 46 23 most most RBS cord-260429-5wsj003j 46 24 effective effective JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 46 25 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 46 26 all all DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 46 27 measures measure NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 46 28 investigated investigate VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 46 29 -including -include VBG cord-260429-5wsj003j 46 30 social social JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 46 31 distancing distance VBG cord-260429-5wsj003j 46 32 108 108 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 46 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 46 34 16 16 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 46 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 46 36 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 47 1 The the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 47 2 results result NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 47 3 were be VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 47 4 similar similar JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 47 5 for for IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 47 6 studies study NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 47 7 limited limit VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 47 8 to to IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 47 9 SARS SARS NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 47 10 CoV-1 CoV-1 NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 47 11 transmission transmission NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 47 12 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 47 13 with with IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 47 14 109 109 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 47 15 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 47 16 authors author NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 47 17 concluding conclude VBG cord-260429-5wsj003j 47 18 : : : cord-260429-5wsj003j 47 19 ' ' `` cord-260429-5wsj003j 47 20 wearing wear VBG cord-260429-5wsj003j 47 21 a a DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 47 22 surgical surgical JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 47 23 mask mask NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 47 24 or or CC cord-260429-5wsj003j 47 25 a a DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 47 26 N95 N95 NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 47 27 mask mask NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 47 28 is be VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 47 29 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 47 30 measure measure NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 47 31 with with IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 47 32 110 110 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 47 33 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 48 1 CC CC NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 48 2 - - HYPH cord-260429-5wsj003j 48 3 BY BY NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 48 4 - - HYPH cord-260429-5wsj003j 48 5 NC NC NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 48 6 - - HYPH cord-260429-5wsj003j 48 7 ND ND NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 48 8 4.0 4.0 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 48 9 International international JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 48 10 license license NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 48 11 It -PRON- PRP cord-260429-5wsj003j 48 12 is be VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 48 13 made make VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 48 14 available available JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 48 15 under under IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 48 16 a a DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 48 17 author author NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 48 18 / / SYM cord-260429-5wsj003j 48 19 funder funder NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 48 20 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 48 21 who who WP cord-260429-5wsj003j 48 22 has have VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 48 23 granted grant VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 48 24 medRxiv medRxiv NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 48 25 a a DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 48 26 license license NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 48 27 to to TO cord-260429-5wsj003j 48 28 display display VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 48 29 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 48 30 preprint preprint NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 48 31 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 48 32 perpetuity perpetuity NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 48 33 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 49 1 is be VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 49 2 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 49 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 49 4 which which WDT cord-260429-5wsj003j 49 5 was be VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 49 6 not not RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 49 7 peer peer NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 49 8 - - HYPH cord-260429-5wsj003j 49 9 reviewed review VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 49 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 50 1 The the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 50 2 copyright copyright NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 50 3 holder holder NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 50 4 for for IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 50 5 this this DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 50 6 preprint preprint NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 50 7 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 51 1 https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.31.20048652 https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.31.20048652 NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 51 2 doi doi XX cord-260429-5wsj003j 51 3 : : : cord-260429-5wsj003j 52 1 medRxiv medRxiv NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 52 2 preprint preprint VBP cord-260429-5wsj003j 52 3 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 52 4 most most RBS cord-260429-5wsj003j 52 5 consistent consistent JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 52 6 and and CC cord-260429-5wsj003j 52 7 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 52 8 supportive supportive JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 52 9 evidence evidence NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 52 10 ' ' '' cord-260429-5wsj003j 52 11 [ [ -LRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 52 12 16 16 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 52 13 ] ] -RRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 52 14 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 53 1 Thirdly thirdly RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 53 2 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 53 3 there there EX cord-260429-5wsj003j 53 4 is be VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 53 5 111 111 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 53 6 increasing increase VBG cord-260429-5wsj003j 53 7 evidence evidence NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 53 8 that that IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 53 9 a a DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 53 10 large large JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 53 11 proportion proportion NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 53 12 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 53 13 SARS SARS NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 53 14 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 53 15 transmission transmission NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 53 16 occurs occur VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 53 17 from from IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 53 18 112 112 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 53 19 pauci pauci NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 53 20 - - HYPH cord-260429-5wsj003j 53 21 or or CC cord-260429-5wsj003j 53 22 asymptomatic asymptomatic JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 53 23 individuals individual NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 53 24 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 54 1 An an DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 54 2 estimated estimated JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 54 3 30 30 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 54 4 % % NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 54 5 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 54 6 infections infection NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 54 7 are be VBP cord-260429-5wsj003j 54 8 truly truly RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 54 9 113 113 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 54 10 asymptomatic asymptomatic JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 54 11 and and CC cord-260429-5wsj003j 54 12 80 80 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 54 13 % % NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 54 14 mild mild JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 54 15 infections infection NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 54 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 54 17 17 17 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 54 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 54 19 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 55 1 Evidence evidence NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 55 2 is be VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 55 3 also also RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 55 4 mounting mount VBG cord-260429-5wsj003j 55 5 that that IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 55 6 infected infect VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 55 7 114 114 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 55 8 individuals individual NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 55 9 are be VBP cord-260429-5wsj003j 55 10 infectious infectious JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 55 11 prior prior RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 55 12 to to IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 55 13 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 55 14 onset onset NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 55 15 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 55 16 symptoms symptom NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 55 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 55 18 18 18 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 55 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 55 20 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 56 1 Taken take VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 56 2 together together RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 56 3 these these DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 56 4 115 115 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 56 5 findings finding NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 56 6 provide provide VBP cord-260429-5wsj003j 56 7 an an DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 56 8 explanation explanation NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 56 9 for for IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 56 10 why why WRB cord-260429-5wsj003j 56 11 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 56 12 studies study NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 56 13 have have VBP cord-260429-5wsj003j 56 14 found find VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 56 15 that that IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 56 16 116 116 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 56 17 nondocumented nondocumente VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 56 18 infections infection NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 56 19 were be VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 56 20 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 56 21 infection infection NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 56 22 source source NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 56 23 for for IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 56 24 79 79 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 56 25 % % NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 56 26 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 56 27 documented document VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 56 28 cases case NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 56 29 117 117 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 56 30 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 56 31 Wuhan Wuhan NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 56 32 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 56 33 China China NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 56 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 56 35 18 18 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 56 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 56 37 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 57 1 In in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 57 2 this this DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 57 3 setting set VBG cord-260429-5wsj003j 57 4 limiting limit VBG cord-260429-5wsj003j 57 5 masks mask NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 57 6 to to IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 57 7 confirmed confirm VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 57 8 infections infection NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 57 9 is be VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 57 10 far far RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 57 11 less less JJR cord-260429-5wsj003j 57 12 118 118 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 57 13 likely likely JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 57 14 to to TO cord-260429-5wsj003j 57 15 have have VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 57 16 an an DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 57 17 impact impact NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 57 18 on on IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 57 19 transmission transmission NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 57 20 than than IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 57 21 universal universal JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 57 22 use use NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 57 23 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 58 1 The the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 58 2 key key JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 58 3 argument argument NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 58 4 for for IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 58 5 119 119 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 58 6 universal universal JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 58 7 use use NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 58 8 is be VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 58 9 thus thus RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 58 10 preventing prevent VBG cord-260429-5wsj003j 58 11 transmission transmission NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 58 12 and and CC cord-260429-5wsj003j 58 13 a a DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 58 14 secondary secondary JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 58 15 argument argument NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 58 16 is be VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 58 17 120 120 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 58 18 preventing prevent VBG cord-260429-5wsj003j 58 19 acquisition acquisition NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 58 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 58 21 7 7 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 58 22 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 58 23 9 9 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 58 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 58 25 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 58 26 _SP cord-260429-5wsj003j 59 1 Linear linear JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 59 2 regression regression NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 59 3 was be VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 59 4 used use VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 59 5 to to TO cord-260429-5wsj003j 59 6 analyze analyze VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 59 7 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 59 8 association association NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 59 9 between between IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 59 10 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 59 11 independent independent JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 59 12 and and CC cord-260429-5wsj003j 59 13 152 152 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 59 14 dependent dependent JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 59 15 variables variable NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 59 16 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 60 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-260429-5wsj003j 60 2 controlled control VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 60 3 for for IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 60 4 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 60 5 fact fact NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 60 6 that that IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 60 7 SARS SARS NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 60 8 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 60 9 epidemic epidemic NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 60 10 is be VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 60 11 at at IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 60 12 153 153 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 60 13 different different JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 60 14 stages stage NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 60 15 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 60 16 different different JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 60 17 countries country NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 60 18 via via IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 60 19 two two CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 60 20 methods method NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 60 21 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 61 1 Firstly firstly RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 61 2 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 61 3 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 61 4 ' ' '' cord-260429-5wsj003j 61 5 age age NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 61 6 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 61 7 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 61 8 154 154 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 61 9 epidemic epidemic NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 61 10 ' ' '' cord-260429-5wsj003j 61 11 variable variable NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 61 12 was be VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 61 13 included include VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 61 14 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 61 15 all all DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 61 16 analyses analysis NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 61 17 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 62 1 Secondly secondly RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 62 2 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 62 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-260429-5wsj003j 62 4 only only RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 62 5 included include VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 62 6 countries country NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 62 7 155 155 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 62 8 with with IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 62 9 at at RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 62 10 least least RBS cord-260429-5wsj003j 62 11 500 500 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 62 12 cumulative cumulative JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 62 13 cases case NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 62 14 and and CC cord-260429-5wsj003j 62 15 countries country NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 62 16 whose whose WP$ cord-260429-5wsj003j 62 17 first first JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 62 18 case case NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 62 19 was be VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 62 20 reported report VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 62 21 156 156 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 62 22 before before IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 62 23 7 7 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 62 24 March March NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 62 25 2020 2020 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 62 26 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 63 1 Countries country NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 63 2 with with IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 63 3 missing miss VBG cord-260429-5wsj003j 63 4 data datum NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 63 5 were be VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 63 6 dropped drop VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 63 7 from from IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 63 8 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 63 9 analyses analysis NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 63 10 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 64 1 157 157 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 65 1 The the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 65 2 analysis analysis NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 65 3 was be VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 65 4 performed perform VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 65 5 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 65 6 STATA STATA NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 65 7 version version NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 65 8 16 16 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 66 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 66 2 Stata Stata NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 66 3 Corp Corp NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 66 4 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 66 5 College College NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 66 6 Station Station NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 66 7 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 66 8 Tx Tx NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 66 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 66 10 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 66 11 158 158 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 67 1 Although although IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 67 2 Hong Hong NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 67 3 Kong Kong NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 67 4 is be VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 67 5 a a DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 67 6 part part NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 67 7 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 67 8 China China NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 67 9 it -PRON- PRP cord-260429-5wsj003j 67 10 was be VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 67 11 included include VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 67 12 as as IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 67 13 a a DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 67 14 separate separate JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 67 15 data data NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 67 16 point point NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 67 17 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 67 18 159 159 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 67 19 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 68 1 CC CC NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 68 2 - - HYPH cord-260429-5wsj003j 68 3 BY BY NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 68 4 - - HYPH cord-260429-5wsj003j 68 5 NC NC NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 68 6 - - HYPH cord-260429-5wsj003j 68 7 ND ND NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 68 8 4.0 4.0 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 68 9 International international JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 68 10 license license NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 68 11 It -PRON- PRP cord-260429-5wsj003j 68 12 is be VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 68 13 made make VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 68 14 available available JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 68 15 under under IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 68 16 a a DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 68 17 author author NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 68 18 / / SYM cord-260429-5wsj003j 68 19 funder funder NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 68 20 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 68 21 who who WP cord-260429-5wsj003j 68 22 has have VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 68 23 granted grant VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 68 24 medRxiv medRxiv NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 68 25 a a DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 68 26 license license NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 68 27 to to TO cord-260429-5wsj003j 68 28 display display VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 68 29 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 68 30 preprint preprint NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 68 31 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 68 32 perpetuity perpetuity NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 68 33 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 69 1 is be VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 69 2 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 69 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 69 4 which which WDT cord-260429-5wsj003j 69 5 was be VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 69 6 not not RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 69 7 peer peer NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 69 8 - - HYPH cord-260429-5wsj003j 69 9 reviewed review VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 69 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 70 1 The the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 70 2 copyright copyright NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 70 3 holder holder NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 70 4 for for IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 70 5 this this DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 70 6 preprint preprint NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 70 7 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 71 1 CC CC NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 71 2 - - HYPH cord-260429-5wsj003j 71 3 BY BY NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 71 4 - - HYPH cord-260429-5wsj003j 71 5 NC NC NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 71 6 - - HYPH cord-260429-5wsj003j 71 7 ND ND NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 71 8 4.0 4.0 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 71 9 International international JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 71 10 license license NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 71 11 It -PRON- PRP cord-260429-5wsj003j 71 12 is be VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 71 13 made make VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 71 14 available available JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 71 15 under under IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 71 16 a a DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 71 17 author author NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 71 18 / / SYM cord-260429-5wsj003j 71 19 funder funder NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 71 20 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 71 21 who who WP cord-260429-5wsj003j 71 22 has have VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 71 23 granted grant VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 71 24 medRxiv medRxiv NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 71 25 a a DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 71 26 license license NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 71 27 to to TO cord-260429-5wsj003j 71 28 display display VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 71 29 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 71 30 preprint preprint NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 71 31 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 71 32 perpetuity perpetuity NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 71 33 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 72 1 is be VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 72 2 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 72 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 72 4 which which WDT cord-260429-5wsj003j 72 5 was be VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 72 6 not not RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 72 7 peer peer NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 72 8 - - HYPH cord-260429-5wsj003j 72 9 reviewed review VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 72 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 73 1 The the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 73 2 copyright copyright NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 73 3 holder holder NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 73 4 for for IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 73 5 this this DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 73 6 preprint preprint NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 73 7 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 74 1 https https NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 74 2 : : : cord-260429-5wsj003j 75 1 //doi.org/10.1101 //doi.org/10.1101 . cord-260429-5wsj003j 76 1 //doi.org/10 //doi.org/10 XX cord-260429-5wsj003j 76 2 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 77 1 /2020 /2020 . cord-260429-5wsj003j 78 1 In in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 78 2 this this DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 78 3 ecological ecological JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 78 4 study study NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 78 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-260429-5wsj003j 78 6 found find VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 78 7 that that IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 78 8 countries country NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 78 9 that that WDT cord-260429-5wsj003j 78 10 promoted promote VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 78 11 widespread widespread JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 78 12 face face NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 78 13 mask mask NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 78 14 185 185 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 78 15 usage usage NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 78 16 had have VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 78 17 lower low JJR cord-260429-5wsj003j 78 18 cumulative cumulative JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 78 19 numbers number NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 78 20 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 78 21 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 78 22 diagnosed diagnose VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 78 23 after after IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 78 24 controlling control VBG cord-260429-5wsj003j 78 25 for for IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 78 26 186 186 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 78 27 testing testing NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 78 28 intensity intensity NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 78 29 and and CC cord-260429-5wsj003j 78 30 age age NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 78 31 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 78 32 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 78 33 epidemic epidemic NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 78 34 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 79 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-260429-5wsj003j 79 2 is be VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 79 3 important important JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 79 4 to to TO cord-260429-5wsj003j 79 5 note note VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 79 6 that that IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 79 7 this this DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 79 8 association association NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 79 9 187 187 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 79 10 may may MD cord-260429-5wsj003j 79 11 be be VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 79 12 entirely entirely RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 79 13 explained explain VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 79 14 by by IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 79 15 unmeasured unmeasured JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 79 16 confounders confounder NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 79 17 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 80 1 For for IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 80 2 example example NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 80 3 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 80 4 if if IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 80 5 countries country NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 80 6 188 188 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 80 7 promoting promote VBG cord-260429-5wsj003j 80 8 universal universal JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 80 9 face face NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 80 10 masking masking NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 80 11 also also RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 80 12 conducted conduct VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 80 13 more more RBR cord-260429-5wsj003j 80 14 effective effective JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 80 15 contact contact NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 80 16 tracing trace VBG cord-260429-5wsj003j 80 17 and and CC cord-260429-5wsj003j 80 18 189 189 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 80 19 isolation isolation NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 80 20 than than IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 80 21 other other JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 80 22 countries country NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 80 23 and and CC cord-260429-5wsj003j 80 24 this this DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 80 25 was be VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 80 26 responsible responsible JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 80 27 for for IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 80 28 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 80 29 slower slow JJR cord-260429-5wsj003j 80 30 spread spread NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 80 31 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 80 32 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-260429-5wsj003j 80 33 190 190 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 80 34 study study NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 80 35 design design NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 80 36 would would MD cord-260429-5wsj003j 80 37 have have VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 80 38 falsely falsely RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 80 39 attributed attribute VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 80 40 this this DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 80 41 effect effect NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 80 42 to to IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 80 43 using use VBG cord-260429-5wsj003j 80 44 face face NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 80 45 masks mask NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 80 46 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 81 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-260429-5wsj003j 81 2 did do VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 81 3 not not RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 81 4 191 191 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 81 5 have have VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 81 6 accurate accurate JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 81 7 data datum NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 81 8 to to TO cord-260429-5wsj003j 81 9 control control VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 81 10 for for IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 81 11 these these DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 81 12 confounders confounder NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 81 13 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 82 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-260429-5wsj003j 82 2 did do VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 82 3 however however RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 82 4 control control VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 82 5 for for IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 82 6 192 192 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 82 7 testing testing NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 82 8 intensity intensity NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 82 9 which which WDT cord-260429-5wsj003j 82 10 is be VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 82 11 an an DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 82 12 important important JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 82 13 potential potential JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 82 14 confounder confounder NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 82 15 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 83 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-260429-5wsj003j 83 2 also also RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 83 3 controlled control VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 83 4 for for IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 83 5 193 193 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 83 6 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 83 7 age age NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 83 8 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 83 9 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 83 10 epidemic epidemic NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 83 11 which which WDT cord-260429-5wsj003j 83 12 is be VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 83 13 an an DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 83 14 obvious obvious JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 83 15 independent independent JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 83 16 determinant determinant NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 83 17 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 83 18 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 83 19 size size NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 83 20 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 83 21 194 194 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 83 22 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 83 23 epidemic epidemic NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 83 24 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 84 1 A a DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 84 2 further further JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 84 3 limitation limitation NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 84 4 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 84 5 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-260429-5wsj003j 84 6 study study NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 84 7 was be VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 84 8 that that IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 84 9 we -PRON- PRP cord-260429-5wsj003j 84 10 were be VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 84 11 unable unable JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 84 12 to to TO cord-260429-5wsj003j 84 13 quantitate quantitate VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 84 14 CC CC NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 84 15 - - HYPH cord-260429-5wsj003j 84 16 BY BY NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 84 17 - - HYPH cord-260429-5wsj003j 84 18 NC NC NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 84 19 - - HYPH cord-260429-5wsj003j 84 20 ND ND NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 84 21 4.0 4.0 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 84 22 International international JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 84 23 license license NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 84 24 It -PRON- PRP cord-260429-5wsj003j 84 25 is be VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 84 26 made make VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 84 27 available available JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 84 28 under under IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 84 29 a a DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 84 30 author author NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 84 31 / / SYM cord-260429-5wsj003j 84 32 funder funder NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 84 33 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 84 34 who who WP cord-260429-5wsj003j 84 35 has have VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 84 36 granted grant VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 84 37 medRxiv medRxiv NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 84 38 a a DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 84 39 license license NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 84 40 to to TO cord-260429-5wsj003j 84 41 display display VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 84 42 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 84 43 preprint preprint NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 84 44 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 84 45 perpetuity perpetuity NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 84 46 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 85 1 is be VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 85 2 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 85 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 85 4 which which WDT cord-260429-5wsj003j 85 5 was be VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 85 6 not not RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 85 7 peer peer NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 85 8 - - HYPH cord-260429-5wsj003j 85 9 reviewed review VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 85 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 86 1 The the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 86 2 copyright copyright NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 86 3 holder holder NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 86 4 for for IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 86 5 this this DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 86 6 preprint preprint NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 86 7 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 87 1 https https NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 87 2 : : : cord-260429-5wsj003j 88 1 //doi.org/10.1101 //doi.org/10.1101 . cord-260429-5wsj003j 89 1 //doi.org/10 //doi.org/10 XX cord-260429-5wsj003j 89 2 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 90 1 /2020 /2020 . cord-260429-5wsj003j 91 1 There there EX cord-260429-5wsj003j 91 2 are be VBP cord-260429-5wsj003j 91 3 a a DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 91 4 number number NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 91 5 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 91 6 countries country NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 91 7 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 91 8 Western western JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 91 9 European european JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 91 10 such such JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 91 11 as as IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 91 12 Italy Italy NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 91 13 that that WDT cord-260429-5wsj003j 91 14 have have VBP cord-260429-5wsj003j 91 15 209 209 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 91 16 conducted conduct VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 91 17 intensive intensive JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 91 18 screening screening NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 91 19 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 91 20 contact contact NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 91 21 tracing tracing NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 91 22 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 91 23 isolation isolation NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 91 24 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 91 25 social social JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 91 26 distancing distancing NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 91 27 and and CC cord-260429-5wsj003j 91 28 210 210 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 91 29 widespread widespread JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 91 30 lockdowns lockdown NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 91 31 and and CC cord-260429-5wsj003j 91 32 yet yet RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 91 33 have have VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 91 34 amongst amongst IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 91 35 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 91 36 largest large JJS cord-260429-5wsj003j 91 37 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 91 38 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 91 39 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 91 40 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 91 41 211 211 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 91 42 world world NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 91 43 [ [ -LRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 91 44 2 2 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 91 45 ] ] -RRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 91 46 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 92 1 A a DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 92 2 striking striking JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 92 3 omission omission NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 92 4 from from IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 92 5 this this DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 92 6 response response NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 92 7 - - HYPH cord-260429-5wsj003j 92 8 list list NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 92 9 if if IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 92 10 we -PRON- PRP cord-260429-5wsj003j 92 11 compare compare VBP cord-260429-5wsj003j 92 12 it -PRON- PRP cord-260429-5wsj003j 92 13 to to IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 92 14 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 92 15 212 212 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 92 16 responses response NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 92 17 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 92 18 China China NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 92 19 and and CC cord-260429-5wsj003j 92 20 other other JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 92 21 Asian asian JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 92 22 countries country NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 92 23 with with IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 93 1 lower low JJR cord-260429-5wsj003j 93 2 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 93 3 incidence incidence NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 93 4 is be VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 93 5 that that IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 93 6 213 213 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 93 7 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 93 8 widespread widespread JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 93 9 use use NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 93 10 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 93 11 face face NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 93 12 masks mask NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 93 13 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 93 14 public public NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 93 15 was be VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 93 16 not not RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 93 17 promoted promote VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 93 18 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 94 1 The the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 94 2 only only JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 94 3 European european JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 94 4 214 214 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 94 5 country country NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 94 6 to to TO cord-260429-5wsj003j 94 7 adopt adopt VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 94 8 this this DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 94 9 strategy strategy NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 94 10 was be VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 94 11 Czechia Czechia NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 94 12 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 94 13 and and CC cord-260429-5wsj003j 94 14 it -PRON- PRP cord-260429-5wsj003j 94 15 did do VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 94 16 so so RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 94 17 at at IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 94 18 a a DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 94 19 relatively relatively RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 94 20 late late JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 94 21 stage stage NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 94 22 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 94 23 215 215 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 94 24 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 94 25 epidemic epidemic NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 94 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 94 27 19 19 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 94 28 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 94 29 20 20 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 94 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 94 31 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 95 1 Early early JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 95 2 indications indication NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 95 3 suggest suggest VBP cord-260429-5wsj003j 95 4 that that IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 95 5 despite despite IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 95 6 higher high JJR cord-260429-5wsj003j 95 7 testing testing NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 95 8 rates rate NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 95 9 than than IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 95 10 216 216 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 95 11 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 95 12 average average NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 95 13 for for IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 95 14 western western JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 95 15 European european JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 95 16 countries country NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 95 17 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 95 18 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 95 19 number number NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 95 20 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 95 21 new new JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 95 22 infections infection NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 95 23 is be VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 95 24 lower low JJR cord-260429-5wsj003j 95 25 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 95 26 217 217 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 95 27 Czechia Czechia NNPS cord-260429-5wsj003j 95 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 95 29 1 1 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 95 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 95 31 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 96 1 Future future JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 96 2 studies study NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 96 3 will will MD cord-260429-5wsj003j 96 4 however however RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 96 5 be be VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 96 6 crucial crucial JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 96 7 to to TO cord-260429-5wsj003j 96 8 evaluate evaluate VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 96 9 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 96 10 impact impact NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 96 11 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 96 12 this this DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 96 13 218 218 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 96 14 intervention intervention NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 96 15 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 96 16 Czechia Czechia NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 96 17 and and CC cord-260429-5wsj003j 96 18 elsewhere elsewhere RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 96 19 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 97 1 These these DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 97 2 studies study NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 97 3 may may MD cord-260429-5wsj003j 97 4 benefit benefit VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 97 5 from from IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 97 6 including include VBG cord-260429-5wsj003j 97 7 219 219 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 97 8 data datum NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 97 9 from from IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 97 10 Taiwan Taiwan NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 97 11 and and CC cord-260429-5wsj003j 97 12 Macau Macau NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 97 13 where where WRB cord-260429-5wsj003j 97 14 use use NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 97 15 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 97 16 face face NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 97 17 masks mask NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 97 18 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 97 19 public public NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 97 20 has have VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 97 21 been be VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 97 22 high high JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 97 23 and and CC cord-260429-5wsj003j 97 24 220 220 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 98 1 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 98 2 cumulative cumulative JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 98 3 number number NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 98 4 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 98 5 infections infection NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 98 6 has have VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 98 7 remained remain VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 98 8 so so RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 98 9 low low JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 98 10 that that IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 98 11 they -PRON- PRP cord-260429-5wsj003j 98 12 did do VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 98 13 not not RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 98 14 meet meet VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 98 15 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 98 16 221 221 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 99 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-260429-5wsj003j 99 2 is be VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 99 3 likely likely JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 99 4 that that IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 99 5 a a DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 99 6 single single JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 99 7 intervention intervention NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 99 8 is be VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 99 9 not not RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 99 10 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 99 11 to to TO cord-260429-5wsj003j 99 12 suppress suppress VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 99 13 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 99 14 spread spread NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 99 15 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 99 16 COVID-225 covid-225 JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 99 17 19 19 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 99 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 99 19 2 2 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 99 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 99 21 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 100 1 The the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 100 2 safest safe JJS cord-260429-5wsj003j 100 3 approach approach NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 100 4 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 100 5 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 100 6 middle middle NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 100 7 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 100 8 this this DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 100 9 epidemic epidemic NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 100 10 may may MD cord-260429-5wsj003j 100 11 be be VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 100 12 to to TO cord-260429-5wsj003j 100 13 introduce introduce VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 100 14 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 100 15 226 226 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 100 16 full full JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 100 17 package package NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 100 18 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 100 19 interventions intervention NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 100 20 that that WDT cord-260429-5wsj003j 100 21 have have VBP cord-260429-5wsj003j 100 22 been be VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 100 23 proven prove VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 100 24 to to TO cord-260429-5wsj003j 100 25 work work VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 100 26 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 100 27 Asian asian JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 100 28 countries country NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 100 29 and and CC cord-260429-5wsj003j 100 30 227 227 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 100 31 then then RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 100 32 scale scale VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 100 33 back back RP cord-260429-5wsj003j 100 34 according accord VBG cord-260429-5wsj003j 100 35 to to IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 100 36 new new JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 100 37 findings finding NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 100 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 100 39 3 3 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 100 40 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 100 41 9 9 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 100 42 ] ] -RRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 100 43 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 101 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-260429-5wsj003j 101 2 analysis analysis NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 101 3 provides provide VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 101 4 further further JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 101 5 228 228 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 101 6 evidence evidence NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 101 7 that that IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 101 8 this this DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 101 9 package package NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 101 10 should should MD cord-260429-5wsj003j 101 11 include include VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 101 12 widespread widespread JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 101 13 usage usage NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 101 14 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 101 15 face face NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 101 16 masks mask NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 101 17 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 101 18 public public NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 101 19 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 102 1 229 229 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 103 1 Currently currently RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 103 2 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 103 3 only only JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 103 4 European european JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 103 5 country country NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 103 6 that that WDT cord-260429-5wsj003j 103 7 can can MD cord-260429-5wsj003j 103 8 be be VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 103 9 considered consider VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 103 10 to to TO cord-260429-5wsj003j 103 11 be be VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 103 12 doing do VBG cord-260429-5wsj003j 103 13 this this DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 103 14 is be VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 103 15 230 230 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 103 16 Czechia Czechia NNPS cord-260429-5wsj003j 103 17 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 104 1 231 231 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 104 2 232 232 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 104 3 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 105 1 CC CC NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 105 2 - - HYPH cord-260429-5wsj003j 105 3 BY BY NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 105 4 - - HYPH cord-260429-5wsj003j 105 5 NC NC NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 105 6 - - HYPH cord-260429-5wsj003j 105 7 ND ND NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 105 8 4.0 4.0 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 105 9 International international JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 105 10 license license NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 105 11 It -PRON- PRP cord-260429-5wsj003j 105 12 is be VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 105 13 made make VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 105 14 available available JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 105 15 under under IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 105 16 a a DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 105 17 author author NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 105 18 / / SYM cord-260429-5wsj003j 105 19 funder funder NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 105 20 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 105 21 who who WP cord-260429-5wsj003j 105 22 has have VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 105 23 granted grant VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 105 24 medRxiv medRxiv NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 105 25 a a DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 105 26 license license NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 105 27 to to TO cord-260429-5wsj003j 105 28 display display VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 105 29 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 105 30 preprint preprint NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 105 31 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 105 32 perpetuity perpetuity NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 105 33 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 106 1 is be VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 106 2 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 106 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 106 4 which which WDT cord-260429-5wsj003j 106 5 was be VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 106 6 not not RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 106 7 peer peer NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 106 8 - - HYPH cord-260429-5wsj003j 106 9 reviewed review VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 106 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 107 1 The the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 107 2 copyright copyright NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 107 3 holder holder NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 107 4 for for IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 107 5 this this DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 107 6 preprint preprint NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 107 7 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 108 1 https://doi.org/10 https://doi.org/10 NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 108 2 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 109 1 1101 1101 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 110 1 Authors author NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 110 2 ' ' POS cord-260429-5wsj003j 110 3 contributions contribution NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 110 4 233 233 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 110 5 CK CK NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 110 6 conceptualized conceptualize VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 110 7 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 110 8 study study NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 110 9 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 110 10 was be VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 110 11 responsible responsible JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 110 12 for for IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 110 13 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 110 14 acquisition acquisition NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 110 15 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 110 16 analysis analysis NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 110 17 and and CC cord-260429-5wsj003j 110 18 234 234 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 110 19 interpretation interpretation NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 110 20 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 110 21 data datum NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 110 22 and and CC cord-260429-5wsj003j 110 23 wrote write VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 110 24 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 110 25 analysis analysis NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 110 26 up up RP cord-260429-5wsj003j 110 27 as as IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 110 28 a a DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 110 29 manuscript manuscript NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 110 30 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 111 1 235 235 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 111 2 236 236 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 112 1 Nil Nil NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 112 2 238 238 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 112 3 239 239 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 113 1 The the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 113 2 author author NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 113 3 declares declare VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 113 4 that that IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 113 5 he -PRON- PRP cord-260429-5wsj003j 113 6 / / SYM cord-260429-5wsj003j 113 7 she -PRON- PRP cord-260429-5wsj003j 113 8 has have VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 113 9 no no DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 113 10 competing compete VBG cord-260429-5wsj003j 113 11 interests interest NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 113 12 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 114 1 241 241 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 114 2 242 242 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 115 1 The the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 115 2 analysis analysis NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 115 3 involved involve VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 115 4 a a DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 115 5 secondary secondary JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 115 6 analysis analysis NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 115 7 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 115 8 public public JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 115 9 access access NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 115 10 ecological ecological JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 115 11 level level NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 115 12 data datum NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 115 13 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 116 1 As as IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 116 2 244 244 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 116 3 a a DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 116 4 result result NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 116 5 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 116 6 no no DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 116 7 ethics ethic NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 116 8 approval approval NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 116 9 was be VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 116 10 necessary necessary JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 116 11 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 117 1 245 245 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 117 2 246 246 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 118 1 Not not RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 118 2 applicable applicable JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 118 3 248 248 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 118 4 Nil nil NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 118 5 250 250 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 118 6 251 251 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 118 7 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 119 1 CC CC NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 119 2 - - HYPH cord-260429-5wsj003j 119 3 BY BY NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 119 4 - - HYPH cord-260429-5wsj003j 119 5 NC NC NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 119 6 - - HYPH cord-260429-5wsj003j 119 7 ND ND NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 119 8 4.0 4.0 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 119 9 International international JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 119 10 license license NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 119 11 It -PRON- PRP cord-260429-5wsj003j 119 12 is be VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 119 13 made make VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 119 14 available available JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 119 15 under under IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 119 16 a a DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 119 17 author author NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 119 18 / / SYM cord-260429-5wsj003j 119 19 funder funder NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 119 20 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 119 21 who who WP cord-260429-5wsj003j 119 22 has have VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 119 23 granted grant VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 119 24 medRxiv medRxiv NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 119 25 a a DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 119 26 license license NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 119 27 to to TO cord-260429-5wsj003j 119 28 display display VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 119 29 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 119 30 preprint preprint NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 119 31 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 119 32 perpetuity perpetuity NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 119 33 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 120 1 is be VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 120 2 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 120 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 120 4 which which WDT cord-260429-5wsj003j 120 5 was be VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 120 6 not not RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 120 7 peer peer NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 120 8 - - HYPH cord-260429-5wsj003j 120 9 reviewed review VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 120 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 121 1 The the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 121 2 copyright copyright NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 121 3 holder holder NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 121 4 for for IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 121 5 this this DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 121 6 preprint preprint NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 121 7 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 122 1 https://doi.org/10 https://doi.org/10 NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 122 2 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 123 1 1101 1101 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 123 2 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 124 1 CC CC NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 124 2 - - HYPH cord-260429-5wsj003j 124 3 BY BY NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 124 4 - - HYPH cord-260429-5wsj003j 124 5 NC NC NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 124 6 - - HYPH cord-260429-5wsj003j 124 7 ND ND NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 124 8 4.0 4.0 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 124 9 International international JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 124 10 license license NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 124 11 It -PRON- PRP cord-260429-5wsj003j 124 12 is be VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 124 13 made make VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 124 14 available available JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 124 15 under under IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 124 16 a a DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 124 17 author author NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 124 18 / / SYM cord-260429-5wsj003j 124 19 funder funder NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 124 20 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 124 21 who who WP cord-260429-5wsj003j 124 22 has have VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 124 23 granted grant VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 124 24 medRxiv medRxiv NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 124 25 a a DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 124 26 license license NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 124 27 to to TO cord-260429-5wsj003j 124 28 display display VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 124 29 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 124 30 preprint preprint NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 124 31 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 124 32 perpetuity perpetuity NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 124 33 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 125 1 is be VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 125 2 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 125 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 125 4 which which WDT cord-260429-5wsj003j 125 5 was be VBD cord-260429-5wsj003j 125 6 not not RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 125 7 peer peer NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 125 8 - - HYPH cord-260429-5wsj003j 125 9 reviewed review VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 125 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 126 1 The the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 126 2 copyright copyright NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 126 3 holder holder NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 126 4 for for IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 126 5 this this DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 126 6 preprint preprint NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 126 7 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 127 1 https://doi.org/10 https://doi.org/10 NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 127 2 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 128 1 1101 1101 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 128 2 _SP cord-260429-5wsj003j 129 1 European European NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 129 2 Centre Centre NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 129 3 for for IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 129 4 Disease Disease NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 129 5 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 129 6 and and CC cord-260429-5wsj003j 129 7 Control Control NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 129 8 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 130 1 Situation situation NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 130 2 update update NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 130 3 worldwide worldwide RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 130 4 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 130 5 as as IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 130 6 262 262 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 130 7 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 130 8 29 29 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 130 9 How how WRB cord-260429-5wsj003j 130 10 will will MD cord-260429-5wsj003j 130 11 country-265 country-265 VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 130 12 based base VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 130 13 mitigation mitigation NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 130 14 measures measure NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 130 15 influence influence VBP cord-260429-5wsj003j 130 16 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 130 17 course course NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 130 18 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 130 19 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 130 20 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 130 21 epidemic epidemic NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 130 22 ? ? . cord-260429-5wsj003j 131 1 The the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 131 2 Lancet Lancet NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 131 3 World World NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 131 4 Health Health NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 131 5 Organization Organization NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 131 6 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 132 1 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 132 2 disease disease NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 132 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 132 4 COVID-2019 COVID-2019 NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 132 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 132 6 situation situation NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 132 7 reports report VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 132 8 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 133 1 268 268 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 133 2 WHO who WP cord-260429-5wsj003j 133 3 : : : cord-260429-5wsj003j 133 4 Geneva Geneva NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 133 5 Report Report NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 133 6 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 133 7 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 133 8 WHO WHO NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 133 9 - - HYPH cord-260429-5wsj003j 133 10 China China NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 133 11 Joint Joint NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 133 12 Mission Mission NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 133 13 on on IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 133 14 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 133 15 270 270 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 133 16 Disease Disease NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 133 17 Rational rational JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 133 18 use use NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 133 19 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 133 20 face face NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 133 21 masks mask NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 133 22 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 133 23 272 272 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 133 24 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 133 25 COVID-19 covid-19 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 133 26 pandemic pandemic NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 133 27 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 134 1 The the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 134 2 Lancet Lancet NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 134 3 Respiratory Respiratory NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 134 4 Medicine medicine NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 134 5 Mass Mass NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 134 6 masking masking NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 134 7 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 134 8 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 134 9 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 134 10 epidemic epidemic NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 134 11 : : : cord-260429-5wsj003j 135 1 people people NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 135 2 274 274 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 135 3 need need VBP cord-260429-5wsj003j 135 4 guidance guidance NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 135 5 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 136 1 The the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 136 2 Lancet Lancet NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 136 3 World World NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 136 4 Health Health NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 136 5 Organization Organization NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 136 6 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 1 Advice advice NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 2 on on IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 3 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 4 use use NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 5 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 6 masks mask NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 7 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 8 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 9 community community NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 10 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 11 during during IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 12 278 278 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 13 home home NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 14 care care NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 15 and and CC cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 16 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 17 health health NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 18 care care NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 19 settings setting NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 20 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 21 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 22 context context NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 23 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 24 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 25 novel novel JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 26 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 28 2019-nCoV 2019-ncov CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 30 279 279 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 31 outbreak outbreak NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 32 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 33 interim interim JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 34 guidance guidance NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 35 29 29 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 36 Let let VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 37 us -PRON- PRP cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 38 not not RB cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 39 forget forget VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 40 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 41 mask mask NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 42 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 43 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 44 attempts attempt NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 45 to to TO cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 46 stall stall VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 47 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 48 281 281 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 49 spread spread NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 50 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 51 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 52 Severe severe JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 53 acute acute JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 54 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 55 syndrome syndrome NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 56 beyond beyond IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 57 Amoy Amoy NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 58 283 283 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 59 Gardens Gardens NNPS cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 60 : : : cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 61 completing complete VBG cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 62 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 63 incomplete incomplete JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 64 legacy legacy NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 65 Multi multi JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 66 - - NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 67 zone zone JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 68 modeling modeling NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 69 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 70 probable probable JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 71 SARS SARS NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 72 virus virus NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 73 286 286 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 74 transmission transmission NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 75 by by IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 76 airflow airflow NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 77 between between IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 78 flats flat NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 79 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 80 Block Block NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 81 E E NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 82 Aerodynamic Aerodynamic NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 83 Characteristics Characteristics NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 84 292 292 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 85 and and CC cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 86 RNA RNA NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 87 Concentration Concentration NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 88 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 89 SARS SARS NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 90 - - HYPH cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 91 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 92 Aerosol Aerosol NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 93 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 94 Wuhan Wuhan NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 95 Hospitals Hospitals NNPS cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 96 during during IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 97 COVID-19 covid-19 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 98 293 293 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 99 Outbreak Outbreak NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 100 Face Face NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 101 masks mask NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 102 to to TO cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 103 prevent prevent VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 104 295 295 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 105 transmission transmission NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 106 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 107 influenza influenza NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 108 virus virus NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 109 : : : cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 110 a a DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 111 systematic systematic JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 112 review review NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 113 Against against IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 114 Respiratory respiratory JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 115 Infections Infections NNPS cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 116 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 117 Healthcare Healthcare NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 118 Workers Workers NNPS cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 119 : : : cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 120 A a DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 121 Systematic Systematic NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 122 Review Review NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 123 and and CC cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 124 Meta-299 meta-299 NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 125 302 302 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 126 Physical physical JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 127 interventions intervention NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 128 to to TO cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 129 interrupt interrupt VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 130 or or CC cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 131 reduce reduce VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 132 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 133 spread spread NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 134 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 135 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 136 viruses virus NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 137 137 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 138 1 Cochrane Cochrane NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 138 2 303 303 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 138 3 Estimation Estimation NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 138 4 306 306 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 138 5 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 138 6 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 138 7 asymptomatic asymptomatic JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 138 8 ratio ratio NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 138 9 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 138 10 novel novel JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 138 11 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 138 12 infections infection NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 138 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 138 14 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 138 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 138 16 Substantial substantial JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 138 17 undocumented undocumented JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 138 18 309 309 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 138 19 infection infection NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 138 20 facilitates facilitate VBZ cord-260429-5wsj003j 138 21 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 138 22 rapid rapid JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 138 23 dissemination dissemination NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 138 24 of of IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 138 25 novel novel JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 138 26 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 138 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 138 28 SARS SARS NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 138 29 - - HYPH cord-260429-5wsj003j 138 30 CoV2 CoV2 NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 138 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-260429-5wsj003j 138 32 Czechs Czechs NNPS cord-260429-5wsj003j 138 33 facing face VBG cord-260429-5wsj003j 138 34 up up IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 138 35 to to IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 138 36 COVID-19 covid-19 VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 138 37 crisis crisis NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 138 38 by by IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 138 39 making make VBG cord-260429-5wsj003j 138 40 masks mask NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 138 41 312 312 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 138 42 mandatory mandatory JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 138 43 . . . cord-260429-5wsj003j 139 1 Euronews Euronews NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 140 1 Would Would MD cord-260429-5wsj003j 140 2 everyone everyone NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 140 3 wearing wear VBG cord-260429-5wsj003j 140 4 face face NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 140 5 masks mask NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 140 6 help help VBP cord-260429-5wsj003j 140 7 us -PRON- PRP cord-260429-5wsj003j 140 8 slow slow VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 140 9 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 140 10 pandemic pandemic NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 140 11 ? ? . cord-260429-5wsj003j 140 12 : : : cord-260429-5wsj003j 141 1 Science Science NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 141 2 314 314 NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 141 3 Magazine Magazine NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 141 4 Mass Mass NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 141 5 testing testing NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 141 6 , , , cord-260429-5wsj003j 141 7 alerts alert NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 141 8 and and CC cord-260429-5wsj003j 141 9 big big JJ cord-260429-5wsj003j 141 10 fines fine NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 141 11 : : : cord-260429-5wsj003j 141 12 the the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 141 13 strategies strategy NNS cord-260429-5wsj003j 141 14 316 316 CD cord-260429-5wsj003j 141 15 used use VBN cord-260429-5wsj003j 141 16 in in IN cord-260429-5wsj003j 141 17 Asia Asia NNP cord-260429-5wsj003j 141 18 to to TO cord-260429-5wsj003j 141 19 slow slow VB cord-260429-5wsj003j 141 20 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-260429-5wsj003j 141 21 : : : cord-260429-5wsj003j 141 22 The the DT cord-260429-5wsj003j 141 23 Guardian Guardian NNP