Summary of your 'study carrel' ============================== This is a summary of your Distant Reader 'study carrel'. The Distant Reader harvested & cached your content into a collection/corpus. It then applied sets of natural language processing and text mining against the collection. The results of this process was reduced to a database file -- a 'study carrel'. The study carrel can then be queried, thus bringing light specific characteristics for your collection. These characteristics can help you summarize the collection as well as enumerate things you might want to investigate more closely. This report is a terse narrative report, and when processing is complete you will be linked to a more complete narrative report. Eric Lease Morgan Number of items in the collection; 'How big is my corpus?' ---------------------------------------------------------- 99 Average length of all items measured in words; "More or less, how big is each item?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7289 Average readability score of all items (0 = difficult; 100 = easy) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 51 Top 50 statistically significant keywords; "What is my collection about?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 99 Kong 81 Hong 31 SARS 7 China 5 virus 5 Taiwan 5 H5N1 5 H1N1 4 Singapore 4 COVID-19 3 influenza 3 human 3 covid-19 3 chinese 3 USA 3 January 3 Asia 2 wind 2 vaccination 2 urban 2 suicide 2 social 2 service 2 respiratory 2 patient 2 market 2 infection 2 figure 2 disease 2 People 2 March 2 July 2 Health 2 H3N2 2 GDP 2 CSSA 1 worry 1 volatility 1 visibility 1 type 1 trading 1 table 1 system 1 simulation 1 severe 1 self 1 saving 1 risk 1 resource 1 real Top 50 lemmatized nouns; "What is discussed?" --------------------------------------------- 4558 virus 3975 influenza 2974 % 2077 study 1826 case 1618 infection 1431 pandemic 1420 patient 1393 health 1204 disease 1156 model 1132 datum 1107 time 1090 year 995 service 994 level 968 rate 954 number 952 vaccine 949 outbreak 932 population 923 cell 923 analysis 856 group 854 system 839 transmission 832 result 815 market 800 people 778 day 775 control 769 city 760 epidemic 745 measure 730 risk 708 vaccination 706 response 673 effect 650 strain 649 government 629 area 624 country 621 age 611 use 611 period 601 value 598 development 584 wind 579 factor 573 information Top 50 proper nouns; "What are the names of persons or places?" -------------------------------------------------------------- 3428 Kong 3413 Hong 2307 ⁄ 2075 SARS 1117 China 1071 H1N1 927 . 889 al 861 H5N1 823 et 495 Health 445 Singapore 438 HA 418 Asia 341 NA 325 Influenza 323 A 294 COVID-19 281 Taiwan 275 Fig 274 PCR 266 March 264 Table 249 C 235 pH1N1 223 Pacific 222 m 221 Department 220 April 215 World 206 CSSA 198 H3N2 180 USA 179 Japan 178 Government 176 United 175 RT 171 University 167 • 162 de 160 New 158 HIV 150 Hospital 146 RNA 145 CoV 144 T 143 Organization 141 US 141 May 141 July Top 50 personal pronouns nouns; "To whom are things referred?" ------------------------------------------------------------- 1901 it 1603 we 892 they 278 he 268 them 254 i 88 one 77 us 68 she 67 you 64 themselves 56 itself 33 him 29 me 15 her 14 himself 12 oneself 5 ourselves 4 herself 3 s 3 myself 1 t202 1 mrnas 1 a-172 Top 50 lemmatized verbs; "What do things do?" --------------------------------------------- 23068 be 5035 have 1854 use 1130 show 1117 include 861 do 753 base 731 report 689 provide 651 increase 635 find 606 associate 559 follow 510 compare 503 develop 495 suggest 490 take 488 identify 486 make 471 infect 441 observe 428 reduce 383 relate 381 consider 376 give 366 cause 362 confirm 361 indicate 361 estimate 353 detect 348 obtain 340 perform 339 see 338 become 336 lead 334 isolate 324 remain 321 affect 318 occur 317 conduct 316 determine 312 perceive 308 test 305 require 303 emerge 299 describe 296 accord 295 age 291 receive 285 present Top 50 lemmatized adjectives and adverbs; "How are things described?" --------------------------------------------------------------------- 2216 not 1579 high 1347 also 1327 - 1282 more 1272 other 1040 human 1018 such 888 respiratory 852 low 813 social 800 first 796 public 787 well 778 only 760 however 734 new 730 urban 677 severe 665 most 658 viral 644 clinical 617 avian 613 old 601 different 600 large 524 acute 522 seasonal 517 important 511 early 501 as 482 local 475 real 469 significant 461 economic 458 many 451 specific 412 global 383 infectious 367 similar 364 further 358 major 357 non 350 medical 340 chinese 337 same 332 positive 326 possible 324 less 323 up Top 50 lemmatized superlative adjectives; "How are things described to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 240 most 146 large 124 high 100 least 71 Most 70 good 34 great 31 low 20 late 19 early 16 busy 15 ⁄ 15 big 10 strong 10 bad 9 young 9 old 9 close 7 small 6 fast 4 short 3 slow 3 long 3 broad 2 sharp 2 safe 2 postt 2 poor 2 near 2 fit 2 f(0 2 common 2 MOST 2 -which 1 wide 1 wet 1 weak 1 tt 1 strict 1 steep 1 slight 1 simple 1 rich 1 new 1 mild 1 hot 1 hard 1 free 1 faint 1 dense Top 50 lemmatized superlative adverbs; "How do things do to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 425 most 82 least 15 well 4 fast 2 worst 2 highest 2 hard 2 f(0 1 youngest 1 near Top 50 Internet domains; "What Webbed places are alluded to in this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30 doi.org 5 www.who.int 2 www.chp.gov.hk 2 www.cdc.gov 2 sysbio.cvm.msstate.edu 2 image.thelancet.com 2 github.com 1 www.wpro.who 1 www.who 1 www.stat.gov.tw 1 www.sgm.ac.uk 1 www.random.org 1 www.r-project.org 1 www.protocols.io 1 www.plosone.org 1 www.peta.org 1 www.oneworldonehealth.org 1 www.normativasanitaria.it 1 www.netflixprize.com 1 www.jstatsoft.org 1 www.gov.mo 1 www.gisaid.org 1 www.geneious.com 1 www.frontiersin.org 1 www.forbes.com 1 www.flu.mn 1 www.flu.iss.it 1 www.euroflu.org 1 www.censtatd.gov.hk 1 www.bt.cdc.gov 1 www 1 taiwanedoctor.doh.gov.tw 1 sysbio.cvm 1 rsbweb.nih.gov 1 orcid.org 1 hcc.unl.edu 1 fbstaff.cityu.edu.hk 1 education.isbtweb.org 1 dx.doi.org 1 dis.mohw.go.kr 1 creativecommons.org 1 admin.taiwan.net.tw Top 50 URLs; "What is hyperlinked from this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------- 10 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.29.20222190 8 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05 7 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.15.20154997 4 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.13.20099978 2 http://sysbio.cvm.msstate.edu/IPMiner 1 http://www.wpro.who 1 http://www.who.int/csr/sars/country/en/index 1 http://www.who.int/csr/sars/ 1 http://www.who.int/csr/don/2003_06_23/en/ 1 http://www.who.int/csr/disease/avian_influenza/ 1 http://www.who.int 1 http://www.who 1 http://www.stat.gov.tw/ 1 http://www.sgm.ac.uk 1 http://www.random.org 1 http://www.r-project.org/ 1 http://www.protocols.io/ 1 http://www.plosone.org/ 1 http://www.peta.org/action/action-alerts/first-ever-taiwan-raid-police-bust-pigeon-racers/ 1 http://www.oneworldonehealth.org/ 1 http://www.normativasanitaria.it 1 http://www.netflixprize.com/ 1 http://www.jstatsoft.org/v08/i21/paper 1 http://www.gov.mo 1 http://www.gisaid.org 1 http://www.geneious.com 1 http://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt 1 http://www.forbes.com/pictures/gg45ejhmd/1-singapore/#gallerycontent 1 http://www.flu.mn/eng/index.php?option=com_ 1 http://www.flu.iss.it 1 http://www.euroflu.org 1 http://www.chp.gov.hk/files/pdf/local_situation_covid19_en.pdf 1 http://www.chp.gov.hk/ 1 http://www.censtatd.gov.hk/home/ 1 http://www.cdc.gov/pulsenet/ 1 http://www.cdc.gov/ 1 http://www.bt.cdc.gov 1 http://www 1 http://taiwanedoctor.doh.gov.tw/ 1 http://sysbio.cvm 1 http://rsbweb.nih.gov/ij/ 1 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4980-3264 1 http://image.thelancet.com/extras/o3let4127web.pdf 1 http://image.thelancet.com/extras/03art4453web.pdf 1 http://hcc.unl.edu/main/index.php 1 http://github.com/BlankerL/DXY-COVID-19-Data，Including 1 http://github.com/ 1 http://fbstaff.cityu.edu.hk/efkwli/Data.html 1 http://education.isbtweb.org/isbt/#!*menu=8*browseby=8*sortby=2*label=19776 1 http://dx.doi.org/10 Top 50 email addresses; "Who are you gonna call?" ------------------------------------------------- 1 simon.c.lam@polyu.edu.hk 1 daniel.shek@polyu.edu.hk Top 50 positive assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-noun?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 study did not 7 virus was not 6 rate was higher 5 study was not 5 virus infected cells 5 virus infected mice 5 viruses do not 5 viruses were able 4 cells were then 4 disease is not 4 health was not 4 kong is not 4 model is able 4 models are not 4 virus has not 4 virus was first 3 % were male 3 china has more 3 data are available 3 disease was not 3 diseases are not 3 h1n1 were more 3 infections is not 3 influenza include use 3 patients were normal 3 population does not 3 sars was first 3 study was cross 3 vaccine does not 3 vaccine was available 3 virus infected lung 3 virus was also 3 viruses are not 3 viruses did not 3 viruses have also 3 viruses were also 3 viruses were first 2 % showed signs 2 % were buddhists 2 % were currently 2 % were female 2 % were males 2 analysis was not 2 analysis was then 2 case reporting rate 2 cases are not 2 cases have also 2 cases is similar 2 cases reported up 2 cases were first Top 50 negative assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-no|not-noun?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 health was not good 2 cases are not due 2 disease is not similar 2 models are not suitable 2 population has no immunity 2 study had no role 2 virus was not remarkably 1 % having no acute 1 analyses showed no significant 1 analysis found no causality 1 analysis shows no causality 1 cases had no risk 1 cases is not available 1 cases was not high 1 china was not part 1 data are not consistent 1 data indicating no excess 1 data is not available 1 data were not available 1 disease are not sufficiently 1 disease is not infectious 1 disease is not just 1 diseases are not adequate 1 diseases are not typically 1 h1n1 have not yet 1 infection have not well 1 infection was not common 1 infections are not just 1 infections is not as 1 influenza is not clearly 1 kong had no antibody 1 kong is no exception 1 kong is not part 1 kong is not representative 1 level do not merely 1 model does not explicitly 1 models are not able 1 models are not only 1 outbreaks are not disease 1 pandemics is not yet 1 patient had no fever 1 population has not yet 1 rate was not high 1 rates were not different 1 rates were not significantly 1 sars are not clear 1 sars are not simply 1 sars does not automatically 1 sars had not yet 1 sars has not yet A rudimentary bibliography -------------------------- id = cord-016551-5vwgg8e6 author = Anis, Mohab title = Construction and Building Applications date = 2016-12-09 keywords = Hong; Hycrete; Kong; construction summary = This chapter shows how nanotechnology-based building materials are playing an important role in green architectural design and construction, which has become a growing trend in many countries. This leads to nanotechnology being rapidly adopted by the construction market in several aspects like coatings, insulation materials, and building materials (steel, cement, asphalt, glass, polymers, etc.). Nanomaterials are currently employed in cements, steel, and even windows to render buildings greener, more cost effective and safer. Another application of nanotechnology in the market involves making Ultra Violet (UV) absorbing, self-cleaning, and depolluting coatings for windows. Although Bioni antimicrobial paints in hospitals are 25 % more cost effective because they decreased the frequent use of biocides, they are more expensive in residential buildings. The growing regulations on the building sector to save energy drive the growth for solar control window films, which is forecast to be an 863 million dollars market by 2018. doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-44863-3_2 id = cord-306014-tjnt01ld author = Argyroudis, George S. title = Spillover effects of Great Recession on Hong-Kong’s Real Estate Market: An analysis based on Causality Plane and Tsallis Curves of Complexity–Entropy date = 2019-06-15 keywords = Hong; Kong summary = Based on permutation entropy, complexity–entropy causality plane and Tsallis complexity–entropy curve, we characterize the complexity of the housing indices-both in terms of size and region-and distinguish the level of informational efficiency. We start our analysis by presenting in Fig. 1, panel (a) and (b), the Shannon Complexity-Entropy Causality Plane (CECP) for all Real Estate indices in Hong Kong, partitioned by size and location. In order to compare the results, derived by the symbolic permutation entropy, with the Hurst exponent h, we generate a time series with the use of the fractional Brownian motion. In all cases but one, the indices, measured in terms of size and region, exhibit lower permutation entropy and higher complexity, meaning that the financial crisis event affected the dynamical structure of the indices, increasing their regularity and predictability. But the Kowloon index quantifiers exhibit higher permutation entropy value denoting greater informational efficiency or less regularity and loss of complexity. doi = 10.1016/j.physa.2019.04.052 id = cord-338098-hsy9qts3 author = Au, Chun Hang title = Genome Sequences of SARS-CoV-2 Strains Detected in Hong Kong date = 2020-07-30 keywords = Kong summary = title: Genome Sequences of SARS-CoV-2 Strains Detected in Hong Kong We sequenced severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genomes from deep throat saliva samples of three imported cases in Hong Kong by Nanopore sequencing. Epidemiological and clinical features of these coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases were presented for genomic epidemiology studies. We report here the genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 strains detected from three imported cases in Hong Kong. Case 3 (59-year-old man, HKSH0007) had symptom onset on 21 March after returning from Germany to Hong Kong and tested positive on 1 April. Phylogenetic analysis showed that they descended from European samples (88%, 88%, and 100% confidence for cases 1, 2, and 3, respectively) and were distinct from most other Hong Kong sequences (Fig. 1A) . Although the disease severities of cases 1 and 2 were different, there was no detectable difference between their SARS-CoV-2 genomes (Fig. 1B) . doi = 10.1128/mra.00697-20 id = cord-275708-17cz3agx author = Babyn, Paul S. title = Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): chest radiographic features in children date = 2003-11-18 keywords = Hong; Kong; SARS; Toronto summary = CONCLUSION: In pediatric cases, SARS manifests with nonspecific radiographic features making radiological differentiation difficult, especially from other commonly encountered childhood respiratory viral illnesses causing airspace disease. This article presents the initial chest radiographic findings collated from 62 children diagnosed as probable or suspect SARS cases during the recent SARS outbreak in Toronto, Singapore, and Hong Kong. Keywords Chest AE Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) AE Radiography AE CT AE Children the following signs and symptoms: fever, chills, body ache, cough, sore throat, rhinorrhea, dyspnea, tachypnea, crackles, headache, dizziness, hypoxemia, malaise, myalgia, rigor, lethargy, and gastrointestinal symptoms including vomiting and diarrhea. In general, fever and cough were the most common clinical presentation amongst younger pediatric SARS cases (age<10 years), whereas, in addition to these symptoms, headache, myalgia, sore throat, chills, and/or rigor were reported in older patients (age ‡10 years). doi = 10.1007/s00247-003-1081-8 id = cord-000279-pdjsy9a0 author = Chan, Joseph title = Network Analysis of Global Influenza Spread date = 2010-11-18 keywords = H1N1; H3N2; Kong; figure summary = Network analysis suggested China and Hong Kong as the origins of new seasonal H3N2 strains and the United States as a region where increased vaccination would maximally disrupt global spread of the virus. As a second strategy for eliminating bias, we determined statistical significance of inter-cluster seeding events by modeling transmission as a binomial distribution with prior probabilities based on the proportion of sequences isolated before a given time point. Here, we show that it is possible to counter this data bias through probabilistic modeling and represent the global viral spread as a network of seeding events between different regions of the world. As can be seen with the world map plots ( Figure 4A,B) , a natural representation of the global influenza network is a directed graph with each node representing a clustered region (climate, continent, and country) and each edge representing a seeding event with a weight equal to the number of significant seeding seasons. doi = 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1001005 id = cord-286234-qiesaz5i author = Chan, Sandra S. title = Outcomes of a Two-Tiered Multifaceted Elderly Suicide Prevention Program in a Hong Kong Chinese Community date = 2011-02-28 keywords = ESPP; Kong; suicide summary = Objectives 1) To compare the 2-year completed suicide and reattempt rates in a preintervention group of Hong Kong Chinese suicide attempters (aged 65 years and older) who received standard care and a postintervention group enrolled in a regional elderly suicide prevention program (ESPP) that adopts a two-tiered multifaceted care management model and 2) to examine the trend of suicide rates in older adults aged 65 years and older in the preand postintervention periods. The first part compared the 2-year suicide rates and reattempt rates of the two cohorts of older adults (aged 65 years and older) with an index suicide attempt, presenting to psychogeriatric specialist care provided by the same healthcare administration (Hospital Authority of Hong Kong) in two consecutive time frames. The ESPPs two-tiered multifaceted care management model was associated with a reduced rate of completed suicide in a high-risk group of old-age suicide attempters. doi = 10.1097/jgp.0b013e3181e56d0f id = cord-307490-b4un4703 author = Chan, Sophia S.C. title = Improving older adults’ knowledge and practice of preventive measures through a telephone health education during the SARS epidemic in Hong Kong: A pilot study date = 2007-09-30 keywords = Hong; Kong; SARS summary = title: Improving older adults'' knowledge and practice of preventive measures through a telephone health education during the SARS epidemic in Hong Kong: A pilot study Objectives To assess the effectiveness of delivering a telephone health education programme dealing with anxiety levels, and knowledge and practice of measures to prevent transmission of SARS among a group of older adults with low SES. This is the first systematic study to assess the effectiveness of delivering telephone health education to older adults during the outbreak of SARS in Hong Kong. Results of the study supported that telephone health education was effective in relieving anxiety and improving knowledge of the main transmission routes of SARS in older adults, but not fostering practice of preventing SARS. This is the first systematic study to assess the effectiveness of telephone health education in improving older adults'' knowledge and practice of preventive measures during the SARS epidemic. doi = 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2006.04.019 id = cord-330502-exmk6gmu author = Chan, Sophia S.C. title = A nurse-delivered brief health education intervention to improve pneumococcal vaccination rate among older patients with chronic diseases: A cluster randomized controlled trial date = 2015-01-31 keywords = Hong; Kong; PPV summary = title: A nurse-delivered brief health education intervention to improve pneumococcal vaccination rate among older patients with chronic diseases: A cluster randomized controlled trial Objective The aim of this study was to determine if an additional multi-component health education intervention increases the uptake rate of the pneumococcal vaccination among older patients with chronic diseases. Discussion: A nurse-delivered brief health education intervention was effective in increasing uptake of pneumococcal vaccination among older patients with chronic diseases. Discussion: A nurse-delivered brief health education intervention was effective in increasing uptake of pneumococcal vaccination among older patients with chronic diseases. This large cluster randomized controlled trial, therefore, was conducted to test the effectiveness of a nursedelivered multiple component health education intervention on the uptake rate of PPV and awareness of PPV at 3month follow up among older patients with chronic diseases in Hong Kong. doi = 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2014.06.008 id = cord-274306-cxvnv8dy author = Chastel, C. title = Émergence de virus nouveaux en Asie : les changements climatiques sont-ils en cause ? date = 2004-11-30 keywords = H5N1; Hong; Kong; virus summary = L''Asie, en particulier la Chine et le Sud-est asiatique, a également connu l''émergence de viroses humaines graves, telles que la dengue hémorragique (les Philippines, 1954) ou plusieurs pandémies grippales, la grippe asiatique (N2H2) en 1957, la grippe de Hong-Kong (H3N2) en 1968, et la grippe russe (H1N1) en 1977. Mais, c''est surtout au cours des dix dernières années que les émergences virales s''y sont multipliées avec l''apparition de la fièvre hémorragique à virus Alkhurma en Arabie Saoudite (1995), de la grippe aviaire H5N1 à Hong-Kong, en 1997, de l''encéphalite à virus Nipah en Malaisie, en 1998, et surtout du SRAS, en Chine du sud en 2002. Depuis l''extermination des porcs infectés, on a plus signalé de cas d''encéphalite à virus Nipah, mais il convient de rester vigilant car les roussettes et les porcs sont très nombreux dans tout le Sud-est asiatique. doi = 10.1016/j.medmal.2004.07.027 id = cord-274156-c0c4rjfa author = Chau, J.P.C. title = Infection control practices among hospital health and support workers in Hong Kong date = 2010-08-31 keywords = Kong; SARS summary = We examined compliance with isolation precautions and infection control guidelines, including proper wearing of a mask, goggles/face shield, or gown; handling patient care equipment, linen, and laundry; routine and terminal cleaning; and terminal cleaning of an isolation room. Activities were recorded using an observation checklist for two patient care activities: direct (physical examination, basic and technical nursing care) and indirect (computer data entry and disinfection of equipment); and for compliance with isolation precautions and infection control guidelines laid down by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Hong Kong Hospital Authority (HKHA). The support workers who performed this work demonstrated good compliance, though one was found not to wear a gown during the terminal cleaning of bedside equipment of a patient requiring contact precaution, and some failed to clean and disinfect environmental surfaces such as doorknobs, faucet handles and floors. doi = 10.1016/j.jhin.2009.10.014 id = cord-297618-9ka3y2y1 author = Chau, Pui Hing title = Construction of the Infection Curve of Local Cases of COVID-19 in Hong Kong using Back-Projection date = 2020-09-21 keywords = Hong; Kong; March summary = The current study constructed an epidemic curve based on the date of infection estimated by the back-projection method to minimize the effects of the incubation time and reflect the possible impacts of various measures and events better. Our objective was to estimate the infection curve of the local cases of the first two waves of COVID-19 in Hong Kong using the back-projection method and explore the effectiveness of the preventive measures, including the possible impacts of the pre-implementation announcements by the local government. From 25 to 29 January 2020, numerous policies were announced and implemented, including activation of the Emergency Response Level, cancellation of large-scale events, quarantine of close contacts of confirmed cases, health advice to residents returning from the Hubei province and other parts of China, suspension of non-emergent government services, closure of public facilities, home office arrangement for civil servants, and substantial reduction of traffic between Mainland China and Hong Kong. doi = 10.3390/ijerph17186909 id = cord-294237-6hovffso author = Cherry, James D title = SARS: The First Pandemic of the 21(st) Century date = 2004 keywords = Hong; Kong; SARS summary = SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) was a new disease in the fall of 2002, which first occurred in Guangdong Province, China and spread to 29 countries with 8422 cases and 916 fatalities (1) (2) (3) . Moreover, cataloging the genome from human cases assisted in the search for the origin of this disease, when viruses related to the SARS-CoV were identified in animals [Himalayan palm civets (Paguma larvata) and raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides)] in a live animal market in Shenzhen, China (12) . On the one hand, in the initial phases of the spread of SARS in Hong Kong, Singapore, and Toronto, a disproportionate number of health care workers became ill and apparent "superspreader" cases were noted (2-4, 6, 11, 14 -18) . Outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) at Amoy Gardens, Kowloon Bay, Hong Kong, main findings of the investigation Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Singapore: clinical features of index patient and initial contacts Severe acute respiratory syndrome in children: experience in a regional hospital in Hong Kong doi = 10.1203/01.pdr.0000129184.87042.fc id = cord-016160-ugc7ce21 author = Ching, Frank title = Bird Flu, SARS and Beyond date = 2018-03-15 keywords = China; Guangdong; H7N9; Health; Hong; Kong; SARS; University; Yuen summary = At the end of 2002, unknown to anyone in Hong Kong, another deadly virus was circulating in neighboring Guangdong Province, propagating a disease that had no name but which was preliminarily dubbed atypical pneumonia in China and later renamed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, or SARS, by the World Health Organization. And now it''s been identified by all the other laboratories." 76 Also, just as Hong Kong University publicized its breakthrough before the CDC''s announcement, so the university was able to get its scientific discovery into print first, with the publication of a paper in the online Lancet on April 8, 2003, "Coronavirus as a possible cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome." The success was very much the result of a group effort, as the list of authors shows, with Malik Peiris as the lead writer, K.Y. Yuen as the last writer and others, including Guan Yi, Leo Poon, John Nicholls and K.H. Chan, in between. doi = 10.1007/978-981-10-6316-9_14 id = cord-270278-d61n3v90 author = Choi, S.M.Y. title = Enhancing legal preparedness for the prevention and control of infectious diseases: Experience from severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong date = 2009-03-31 keywords = Kong; QPDO; SARS summary = This article shares Hong Kong''s experience in reforming its public health legislation to: (1) update terminology and re-organize provisions in accordance with modern public health disease control principles and control mechanisms for disease; (2) enhance responsiveness for better preparedness and flexibility in handling emergent infections; (3) ensure appropriate checks and balances to coercive powers; and (4) introduce emergency powers for the handling of public health emergencies. During the outbreak of SARS in 2003, the Quarantine and Prevention of Disease Ordinance 2 (QPDO) of the laws of Hong Kong was the legal tool that provided the legal framework for the prevention and control of infectious diseases of public health importance in Hong Kong. This article shares Hong Kong''s experience in reforming its public health legislation, leading to the passing of the Prevention and Control of Disease Ordinance 4 in order to strengthen the capacity of law to support strategy in the control of infectious diseases. doi = 10.1016/j.puhe.2009.01.004 id = cord-283537-49ic7p3u author = Chong, Ka Chun title = Identifying Meteorological Drivers for the Seasonal Variations of Influenza Infections in a Subtropical City — Hong Kong date = 2015-01-28 keywords = Hong; Kong; influenza summary = Here we identified potential meteorological factors that drove the seasonal variations in influenza infections in a subtropical city, Hong Kong. From the results, air temperature was a common significant driver of seasonal patterns and cold temperature was associated with an increase in transmission intensity for most of the influenza epidemics. In this study, meteorological determinants that could drive the seasonal variations of influenza in Hong Kong were investigated by a mathematical model. The weekly average of meteorological parameters: air temperature, relative humidity, total rainfall, total solar radiation, wind direction, and wind speed from 2002 to 2009 were collected from the Hong Kong Observatory. Through modulating the transmission rates by the meteorological factors in an infectious disease model, the seasonal variations of influenza infections could be well-depicted. This study identified the potential meteorological drivers for the seasonal variations of influenza in a subtropical city, Hong Kong. doi = 10.3390/ijerph120201560 id = cord-323643-lu3ngt6r author = Chow, C.B. title = Post-SARS infection control in the hospital and clinic date = 2004-11-05 keywords = Hong; Kong; SARS; infection summary = The recent severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak has almost mandated a re-evaluation of infection control practices in hospitals, clinics, schools and domestic environments, especially for patients with respiratory tract symptoms. PAEDIATRIC Summary The recent severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak has almost mandated a re-evaluation of infection control practices in hospitals, clinics, schools and domestic environments, especially for patients with respiratory tract symptoms. 17 Despite great concerns, compliance to infection control precautions by community general practitioners in Hong Kong lagged behind their hospital counterparts -97.7% had not worn masks at all times, a third did not wash their hands after seeing/examining a patient and half did not wear gowns. In a study looking into factors affecting nosocomial infection in Hong Kong, it was found that all HCWs consistently used N95s or surgical masks and perceived that the inadequacy of personal protective equipment (PPE) supply, infection control training <2 h and inconsistent use of goggles, gowns, gloves and caps were significant independent risk factors for SARS infection. doi = 10.1016/j.prrv.2004.07.006 id = cord-029338-r8vf6pqt author = Chun, Jack title = A Rawlsian Model of Land Justice for Hong Kong: The Controversy on the Development of the North New Territories date = 2020-04-29 keywords = Hong; Kong; Rawls; rawlsian summary = doi = 10.1007/978-981-15-5266-3_4 id = cord-332563-oo8wler1 author = Chung, Pak-Kwong title = The process by which perceived autonomy support predicts motivation, intention, and behavior for seasonal influenza prevention in Hong Kong older adults date = 2017-07-28 keywords = Hong; Kong; behavior summary = BACKGROUND: This study examined the effectiveness of a theoretical framework that integrates self-determination theory (SDT) and the theory of planned behavior (TPB) in explaining the use of facemasks to prevent seasonal influenza among Hong Kong older adults. At Time 1, older adults (N = 141) completed self-report measures of SDT (perceived autonomy support from senior center staff, autonomous motivation for influenza prevention) and TPB (attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intention for influenza prevention) constructs with respect to facemask used to prevent infection. Building on an integrated model of SDT and TPB [22, 23, 27] , we tested effects among perceived autonomy support, autonomous motivation, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, intention, and behavior for facemask wearing during peak influenza season among elderly people in Hong Kong. doi = 10.1186/s12889-017-4608-x id = cord-254340-e1x0z3rh author = Cruz, Christian Joy Pattawi title = Exploring the young demographic profile of COVID-19 cases in Hong Kong: Evidence from migration and travel history data date = 2020-06-26 keywords = Hong; Kong; case; covid-19 summary = Using detailed case data from Hong Kong''s Centre for Health Department and Immigration Department, we analyze the sex and age distribution of the confirmed cases along with their recent travel histories and immigration flows for the period January to April 2020. Our analysis highlights Hong Kong''s high proportion of imported cases and large overseas student population in developing COVID-19 hotspot areas such as the United Kingdom. Our study includes an examination of the age and sex distribution of the COVID-19 confirmed cases in Hong Kong and an exploration of how the different measures to combat this outbreak resulted in a relatively low number of cases and deaths. In this paper, we highlight the potential impact of the young profile of the confirmed cases on the total number of mortalities and the effect of early, aggressive policy measures including travel bans, enforced quarantines and contact-tracing imposed by the Hong Kong government as early as January 27, 2020 in containing the spread of the COVID-19. doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0235306 id = cord-020769-elzkwyz0 author = Day, Brennan title = The new normal: lessons learned from SARS for corporations operating in emerging markets date = 2004-07-01 keywords = China; Hong; Kong; SARS; disease summary = This paper uses the recent SARS epidemic as a background to highlight the importance of crisis planning, particularly in emerging economies, and suggests how organizations can address these concerns. This paper will start by presenting background information on the SARS epidemic and the impact on organizations, especially those operating in emerging markets. Since emerging markets are increasingly important to the world economy and are at the same time susceptible to outbreaks of infectious diseases, we need to understand how we are linked together on an interdependent global level. If just three of the Asian emerging economies -China, India, and Indonesia -are able to maintain this growth rate of 6 percent per year, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has estimated that by 2010 approximately 700 million people in those countries will have an average income equivalent to that of Spain today. doi = 10.1108/00251740410542357 id = cord-336742-42ebj3gi author = Demmler, Gail J title = Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): a review of the history, epidemiology, prevention, and concerns for the future date = 2003-07-31 keywords = Hong; Kong; SARS summary = The disease, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), spread quickly and caused numerous deaths, as well as public panic. The first report of the new disease, given the name "severe acute respiratory syndrome" (SARS), was received by WHO on February 11 from the Chinese Ministry of Health, which documented that 305 cases and 5 deaths had occurred in the Guangdon Province. 2, 5 By March 5, secondary probable SARS cases were identified among healthcare workers in Hanoi, and at the urging of Dr. Urbani and his colleagues, Vietnam closed the hospital to new patients and visitors on March 11. A cluster of cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Singapore: Clinical features of index patient and initial contacts Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome doi = 10.1016/s1045-1870(03)00056-6 id = cord-329124-yetjd5g5 author = Deng, Ying title = Challenge-driven design for public housing: The case of Hong Kong date = 2016-06-30 keywords = Hong; Housing; Kong; design summary = doi = 10.1016/j.foar.2016.05.001 id = cord-330868-7ocseuz3 author = Donnelly, Christl A title = Epidemiological determinants of spread of causal agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong date = 2003-05-24 keywords = Hong; Kong; SARS summary = Public-health interventions included encouragement to report to hospital rapidly after the onset of clinical symptoms, contact tracing for confirmed and suspected cases, and quarantining, monitoring, and restricting the travel of contacts. Public-health interventions included encouragement to report to hospital rapidly after the onset of clinical symptoms, contact tracing for confirmed and suspected cases, and quarantining, monitoring, and restricting the travel of contacts. Key epidemiological determinants of the magnitude and timescale of the epidemic (figure 1) include the interval between infection and onset of symptoms and between onset and hospital admission, the degree and duration of the infectiousness of the agent, and the extent of contact and mixing between infectious and susceptible people enabling transmission of the virus. If ␥ distribution is assumed, the estimated distributions and case fatality rate varied as a function of patients'' age, but not the time from onset to admission (figure 2). doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(03)13410-1 id = cord-310337-vw4cno4p author = Du, Yaxing title = Improving pedestrian level low wind velocity environment in high-density cities: A general framework and case study date = 2018-08-04 keywords = Hong; Kong; environment; wind summary = doi = 10.1016/j.scs.2018.08.001 id = cord-255284-ffh1jl40 author = Guery, B title = Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère date = 2003-06-30 keywords = Coronavirus; Kong; SARS summary = Cette épidémie a suscité une réponse extrêmement rapide de la communauté internationale qui en quelques semaines a permis d''isoler l''agent responsable, un nouveau Coronavirus, de proposer une prise en charge thérapeutique et des mesures spécifiques pour limiter la diffusion de l''épidémie. Deux éléments notables sont évoqués dans cette publication, tout d''abord le fait que seuls les patients atteints de SARS ont des anticorps témoignant du fait que ce virus circule pour la première fois. À noter que cette faculté existe chez un Coronavirus porcin entraînant des pathologies respiratoires mais, aucun lien de parenté entre ces deux virus n''a été mis en évidence. Dans le cas du SARS, les premières analyses montrent que la contamination nécessite un contact prolongé et répété avec un malade présentant une symptomatologie pulmonaire. ont montré la présente d''ARN du Coronavirus responsable du SARS dans les selles des patients [4] . doi = 10.1016/s0399-077x(03)00200-2 id = cord-293403-o1i999hy author = Holliday, Ian title = E-health in the East Asian tigers date = 2004-09-11 keywords = Hong; Kong; Taiwan; east; internet summary = doi = 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2004.08.001 id = cord-290068-s1gdbsfx author = Hon, KLE title = Clinical presentations and outcome of severe acute respiratory syndrome in children date = 2003-05-17 keywords = Kong; SARS summary = title: Clinical presentations and outcome of severe acute respiratory syndrome in children In addition, we treated patients who had moderate symptoms of high fluctuating fever and notable malaise with intravenous ribavirin (20 mg/kg daily, given in three doses) and hydrocortisone (2 mg/kg every 6 h) immediately after admission. Lymphopenia (0·3-3·0ϫ10 9 /L) was reported in all patients, but the teenagers were generally more severely affected than the younger children. 2, 3 Ribavirin is a broad-spectrum antiviral agent and has been used for treatment of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in We noted two distinct patterns of clinical presentation among the children we studied. On this basis, we did an open-label study in which oral gabapentin 300 mg thrice daily was given for every other chemotherapy treatment in nine patients with breast cancer. The patient reported severe nausea after the first two chemotherapy treatments. doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(03)13364-8 id = cord-301418-tj70iv4v author = Hui, Eddie Chi Man title = Examining structural changes in Asian offices market date = 2012-12-27 keywords = Hong; Kong; market summary = Based on this innovative technique, we not only could detect the abrupt change points with a comparatively small data sample, but also could evaluate the impact from the abrupt change points by reconstructing the wavelet coefficient/de-noising the raw data, which had never been considered in previous studies of office markets. (2004) and Donoho and Johnstone (1994) , of wavelet change point detection and wavelet coefficient reconstruction techniques to study the office indices of four renowned Asian cities: Beijing, Shanghai, Hong Kong, and Singapore. (2010a,b) presented a new abrupt change point detection method -a wavelet analysis on Hong Kong''s residential real estate market. As our objective is to investigate change points in the real estate office markets, consider the following non-parametric model introduced by Ip et al. On utilizing the non-parametric change point method-wavelet analysis, the data for each office real estate market was transformed to wavelet coefficient. doi = 10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.11.012 id = cord-314734-ai0hz4uq author = Hung, Ivan Fan-Ngai title = SARS-CoV-2 shedding and seroconversion among passengers quarantined after disembarking a cruise ship: a case series date = 2020-06-12 keywords = Hong; Kong; SARS summary = Thus, the Diamond Princess cruise ship, which was quarantined because of an onboard outbreak of COVID-19 in February, 2020, provides an opportunity to define the shedding pattern of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and patient antibody responses before and after the onset of symptoms. Participants were prospectively screened by quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) of nasopharyngeal and throat swabs, and serum IgG and IgM against internal nucleoprotein and the surface spike receptor-binding protein (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 at baseline (upon entering quarantine) and on days 4, 8, and 12 of quarantine. Evidence before this study We searched PubMed on March 14, 2020, with no date restrictions, for articles in English, using the terms "Covid-19", "coronavirus", "antibody", "viral load", "cruise ship", "quarantine", "shedding", and "seroconversion". By Feb 20, 2020, 76 passengers from Hong Kong were hospitalised in Japan after testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 by throat swab RT-PCR, of whom two individuals died from complications of the infection (appendix). doi = 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30364-9 id = cord-331835-nuhrd92z author = Hung, Kevin K. C. title = The role of the hotel industry in the response to emerging epidemics: a case study of SARS in 2003 and H1N1 swine flu in 2009 in Hong Kong date = 2018-11-27 keywords = Hong; Kong; SARS summary = title: The role of the hotel industry in the response to emerging epidemics: a case study of SARS in 2003 and H1N1 swine flu in 2009 in Hong Kong METHODS: This case study focuses on the epidemic outbreaks of SARS in 2003 and H1N1 swine flu in 2009 in Hong Kong, and the subsequent guidelines published by the health authority in relation to the hotel industry in Hong Kong which provide the backbone for discussion. This case study will use the example of the Metropole Hotel in Hong Kong in the international spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in 2003, and the effect of the government mandated quarantine of the Metropark Hotel during the swine flu 2009 in Hong Kong. After the SARS outbreak in Hong Kong the health authority established the Guidelines for Hotels in Preventing Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) [24] doi = 10.1186/s12992-018-0438-6 id = cord-272526-2fgtjouu author = Hutton, Thomas A title = Service industries, globalization, and urban restructuring within the Asia-Pacific: new development trajectories and planning responses date = 2003-05-30 keywords = Asia; Atlantic; Hong; Kong; Pacific; Shanghai; Singapore; Tokyo; Vancouver; city; industry; service; urban summary = 5 5 In general scholarly attention to the growth and development of service activities has evolved as follows: (a) an early interest in the growth of high-rise offices in the CBDs of the largest metropolitan cities, including important theoretical and conceptual contributions (Gottmann, 1961) , (b) a stream of empirical studies of office location, emphasizing regional policy implications and urban planning problems (Daniels, 1975; Goddard, 1975) , (c) growing interest in the social ramifications of services growth (Bell, 1973) , (d) a sharper analytical focus on business, ''producer'' and other intermediate services, and their role in urban and regional development (Noyelle and Stanback, 1984) , and in the operation of ''flexible'' industrial regimes, (e) assessments of the global dimensions of services development, especially in banking and finance, as well as in producer services and communications (Daniels, 1993 ), (f) acknowledgement of the importance of specialized services in the emergence of the ''informational city'' and urban society (Castells, 1989) , and (g) explorations of the intersections between tertiarization, occupational shifts, urban class (re)formation, and community-level impacts, especially in the metropolitan core (Ley, 1996) . doi = 10.1016/s0305-9006(03)00013-8 id = cord-286014-cc99e24x author = Jang, T.-N title = Severe acute respiratory syndrome in Taiwan: analysis of epidemiological characteristics in 29 cases date = 2003-11-05 keywords = Kong; SARS; Taiwan summary = To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The first probable SARS patient in Taiwan returned from China via Hong Kong early in the global outbreak in February 2003. 7 We analyse the clinical, laboratory, and radiological features of patients with probable SARS who were seen at the Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital (SKMH) in Taipei, Taiwan. 16 In our study, SARS-associated coronavirus RNA was detected in oropharyngeal swabs by RT-PCR in 16 (55.1%) of 29 patients at initial presentation. Case definitions for surveillance of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) A cluster of cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong Severe acute respiratory syndrome in Singapore: clinical features of index patient and initial contacts Description and clinical treatment of an early outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Guangzhou, PR China doi = 10.1016/j.jinf.2003.09.004 id = cord-276325-l26sdtxf author = Jheon, Sanghoon title = General thoracic surgery services across Asia during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-05-12 keywords = April; January; Kong; covid-19 summary = Hong Kong has largely avoided a massive surge in the incidence of COVID-19 cases despite the large numbers of people that normally travel daily between it and mainland China where the virus outbreak was first reported. On January 8, before a single case had even been confirmed in Hong Kong, the new "severe respiratory disease associated with a novel infectious agent" was listed as a notifiable disease, and all visiting at public hospitals was restricted. The net result of these parallel approaches was that care for suspected cases of COVID-19 was concentrated in public hospitals, whereas private hospitals could continue a degree of normal service, including elective surgery. At the time of writing, the only uncertainty in the near future is whether a recent uptick in the number of COVID-19 cases due to Hong Kong citizens returning from abroad and a mini-outbreak from those going to bars and clubs may evolve into a full-blown second or third wave of infections. doi = 10.1177/0218492320926886 id = cord-340993-qb9jlt9f author = Kai Hou, Wai title = Threat to democracy: Physical and mental health impact of democracy movement in Hong Kong date = 2015-11-01 keywords = Hong; Kong; Movement; resource summary = Respondents gave their informed consent and reported personal, social, and economic resource loss since the Umbrella Movement (Conservation of Resources-Evaluation), current anxiety symptoms (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) and depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), and self-rated health (1=very good, 4=very bad). Multivariable regressions revealed that personal and social resource loss was associated with higher anxiety and depressive symptoms and greater odds of "very poor" health (adjusted odds ratios/incidence rate ratios=5–102%), independent of lower education level and income and being unmarried. Social or political unrest has the power of depleting internal and external resources and contributes to poorer mental and physical health (Hall et al., 2014; Hobfoll, 1998 Hobfoll, , 2009 , but very few studies to date have reported the psychological and health impact Table 2 Adjusted odds ratios/incidence rate ratios for higher anxiety and depressive symptoms and poorer self-rated health by personal, social, and economic resource loss, socioeconomic resources (education, income, employment status, and marital status), and other demographics. doi = 10.1016/j.jad.2015.07.005 id = cord-253111-n5ywei4t author = Keck, Frédéric title = Avian preparedness: simulations of bird diseases and reverse scenarios of extinction in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Singapore date = 2018-04-14 keywords = Hong; Kong; Singapore; Taiwan; bird; human; simulation summary = title: Avian preparedness: simulations of bird diseases and reverse scenarios of extinction in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Singapore This article describes relations between humans, animals, artefacts, and pathogens in simulations of disasters, taking bird diseases in three Chinese sentinel posts as ethnographic cases. Borrowing from the anthropology of hunting societies, it argues that simulations of bird diseases, considered as signs of future species extinction, rely on cynegetic techniques of power, in which humans and animals symmetrically shift perspectives, and not only on pastoralist techniques, in which humans are above the population they monitor and sometimes sacrifice. While public health relies on pastoral techniques of power combining sacrifice and surveillance to contain the threats coming from outside in a population (Foucault 1981) , the ''One World, One Health'' approach uses techniques from birdwatchers and wildlife managers to monitor data about changing relations between humans and animals. doi = 10.1111/1467-9655.12813 id = cord-316860-60mrbgwg author = Keck, Frédéric title = Birds as sentinels for pandemic influenza date = 2014-05-28 keywords = Hong; Kong summary = doi = 10.1057/biosoc.2014.9 id = cord-000617-8m7spnxj author = Kim, Jean H. title = Knowledge of Avian Influenza (H5N1) among Poultry Workers, Hong Kong, China date = 2011-12-17 keywords = Hong; Kong summary = In 2009, a cross-sectional survey of 360 poultry workers in Hong Kong, China, showed that workers had inadequate levels of avian influenza (H5N1) risk knowledge, preventive behavior, and outbreak preparedness. In 2009, a cross-sectional survey of 360 poultry workers in Hong Kong, China, showed that workers had inadequate levels of avian infl uenza (H5N1) risk knowledge, preventive behavior, and outbreak preparedness. As one of the world''s most densely populated regions (16,000 persons/mile 2 [>6,300 persons/km 2 ]) (2), Hong Kong is a city at high risk for a large-scale outbreak of avian infl uenza caused by live poultry in large-volume wholesale markets and within neighborhood wet markets (open food stall markets). Similar to other regions (8) (9) (10) (11) , poultry workers in Hong Kong showed low risk perceptions for avian infl uenza, inadequate knowledge, and a wide range of compliance with preventive measures. doi = 10.3201/eid1712.110321 id = cord-019032-vdiaexbw author = Kshetri, Nir title = China date = 2020 keywords = China; Council; GDP; Hong; January; July; Kong; March; People; Taiwan; USA; chinese summary = doi = 10.1057/978-1-349-95940-2_49 id = cord-290965-7qs4w9xh author = Kwok, W. C. title = Border Restriction as a Public Health Measureto Limit Outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date = 2020-11-03 keywords = Hong; Kong summary = Method: A novel metapopulation Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) model with inspected migration was applied to investigate the effect of border restriction between Hong Kong and mainland China on the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in Hong Kong. A novel metapopulation SEIR model with inspected migration was developed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in Hong Kong, Guangdong and the rest of China (excluding Hubei) in the presence or absence of border restriction. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.29.20222190 doi: medRxiv preprint To date, there is inadequate scientific data to support border restriction as a public health measure to limit local outbreak of an emerging infectious disease in the presence of an established local transmission. In this study, a novel metapopulation SEIR model with inspected migration was applied to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in Hong Kong, Guangdong and the rest of China (excluding Hubei) in the presence or absence of border restriction. doi = 10.1101/2020.10.29.20222190 id = cord-017995-azqjvxtu author = Kwong, Kim-hung title = Spatial Components in Disease Modelling date = 2010 keywords = Hong; Kong; SARS summary = Modelling of infectious diseases could help gain further understanding of their diffusion processes that provide knowledge on the detection of epidemics and decision making for future infection control measures. This research made an attempt to map different phases of the spatial diffusion of SARS in Hong Kong to identify the underlying spatial factors attributing to its transmission patterns. Socio-economic factors found statistically significant against SARS incidence included the following: c) percentage of population aged over 65, g) average number of rooms per household, and h) net residential density ( Table 1 ). Certain socio-economic factors (i.e., average number of rooms per household, percentage of elderly population, and net residential density) were found to correlate positively with the occurrence of SARS in Hong Kong, indicating their potential influence in the disease transmission. This research mapped different development phases of the SARS epidemic in Hong Kong and employed the Pearson''s correlation to isolate environmental factors and socio-economic factors of significant pertinence to the disease. doi = 10.1007/978-3-642-12156-2_30 id = cord-342989-9ie8mx4l author = Lam, Simon Ching title = Perceived Risk and Protection From Infection and Depressive Symptoms Among Healthcare Workers in Mainland China and Hong Kong During COVID-19 date = 2020-07-15 keywords = Hong; Kong; covid-19 summary = However, what remains largely absent from the literature to date, is an examination of actual pandemic situations and if perceived risk (vulnerability and fear of contracting) and mitigations (effectiveness of face masks and knowledge of COVID-19) are associated with mental health difficulties, such as depression, in physicians and nurses. Among the health beliefs, feeling susceptible and fearful of contracting COVID-19, as well as difficulty obtaining face masks are associated with higher risk of depression ( Table 4) . To our knowledge, we are the first group to report the mental health status, specifically depression, among a large sample of HCWs across both the pandemic and non-pandemic regions of China as well as Hong Kong and to examine the relevance of perceived risk and protection from infection in relation to depression. doi = 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00686 id = cord-307307-b5yl88mh author = Lau, Joseph TF title = Avoidance behaviors and negative psychological responses in the general population in the initial stage of the H1N1 pandemic in Hong Kong date = 2010-05-28 keywords = H1N1; Hong; Kong summary = This study investigated whether the general population in Hong Kong avoided visiting different places (going out, visiting crowded places and visiting hospitals) and assessed some negative psychological responses to H1N1, including whether people were much worried about contracting H1N1 and their level of emotional distress (panicking, depression or emotional disturbance) due to H1N1. Factors in association with the outcome variables on avoidance behaviors and negative psychological responses were investigated, including variables such as socio-demographic characteristics, confirmed knowledge and unconfirmed beliefs about modes of H1N1 transmission, evaluation towards governmental preparedness/ performance, perceived availability of treatment, and risk perception (perceived severity and susceptibility related to H1N1). Females, older respondents, those with >= 1 unconfirmed beliefs about modes of H1N1 transmission, those who knew that H1N1 could be transmitted ''via droplets'', ''bodily contact with infected person'' or ''touching contaminated objects'', those who were very worried that either they or their family members would contract H1N1, those expressing emotional distress (in panic or feeling very depressed or being highly emotionally disturbed due to H1N1) were more likely than others to avoid visiting crowded places (multivariate OR = 1.42 to 3.90, p < .05; Table 4 ). doi = 10.1186/1471-2334-10-139 id = cord-017080-erbftqgh author = Lau, Stephen S.Y. title = Physical Environment of Tall Residential Buildings: The Case of Hong Kong date = 2010-12-12 keywords = Hong; Kong; air; building; high summary = Recent study identifies the following urban design issues as a means to a better quality and comfortable urban environment: lack of breezeways air paths; tall and bulky buildings closely packed causing undesirable wind breaks to urban fabric; uniform building heights resulting in wind skimming over the top of buildings and not being re-routed into the fabric; tight narrow streets not aligned with prevailing wind with tall buildings resulting in urban canyons; lack of urban permeability-with few open spaces, minimal gaps between buildings, excessive podium structures reducing air volumes at ground levels; large building blocks forming wind barriers; projections from buildings and obstructions on narrow streets and general lack of soft landscaping, shading and greenery as contributing to poor air ventilation and environmental quality in high-rise, compact built areas (Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005; Hong Kong Planning Department, 2006b) . doi = 10.1007/978-90-481-9738-5_3 id = cord-256163-62cc135r author = Laurie Lau, Yiu Chung title = Cybercrime in cloud: Risks and responses in Hong Kong, Singapore date = 2015-06-05 keywords = Asia; Hong; Kong; Singapore; cloud; crime summary = Then, I review how the authorities in Hong Kong and Singapore respond to cybercrime risks and explore the current government policies on cloud computing, particularly in fighting cybercrime. For instance, in accordance with the United Nation International Telecommunication Union (UNITU) report on the digital divide in 2012, 1 IT disparities in terms of access to information and communication technology are pronounced between the developed Western economies such as those of America, Canada, and Western European countries (this group includes a few advanced economies in Asia such as those of Japan, South Korea, Singapore, and Hong Kong), and the lessdeveloped economies such as those of Northern Africa, Latin America, Pacific Ocean Islands, and some parts of South Eastern Asia. At the domestic level, both governments in Hong Kong and in Singapore must provide sufficient financial support to the policing agencies to enable them to fight the emerging crime such as cloud and smart mobile phone crimes. doi = 10.1016/b978-0-12-801595-7.00002-1 id = cord-323190-wisaamn7 author = Law, Chi-kin title = Temporal patterns of charcoal burning suicides among the working age population in Hong Kong SAR: the influence of economic activity status and sex date = 2012-07-06 keywords = Hong; Kong; suicide summary = title: Temporal patterns of charcoal burning suicides among the working age population in Hong Kong SAR: the influence of economic activity status and sex RESULTS: Our findings revealed pronounced monthly and daily temporal variations in the pattern of charcoal burning suicides in Hong Kong. In addition to economic activity status, sex difference may also influence the temporal pattern of charcoal burning suicides. The present study aims to fill these gaps in the existing research by examining the temporal asymmetries in the monthly and daily distributions of charcoal burning suicides in Hong Kong. In particular, the study will examine the temporal variations of charcoal burning suicides in relation to the economic activity status and sex of victims of usual working age (20-59). Thus, a total of 498 working men, 203 working women, 571 non-working men, and 307 non-working women were included in the analysis of the influence of economic activity status and sex on the temporal variation in charcoal burning suicides. doi = 10.1186/1471-2458-12-505 id = cord-284028-l0r7f9sr author = Lee, Chi-Wei title = A loophole in international quarantine procedures disclosed during the SARS crisis date = 2004-12-30 keywords = Hong; Kong; SARS summary = This phenomenon revealed a loophole in the control mechanisms of international quarantine procedures, letting travelers carrying a highly contagious virus slip by undetected and causing possible multi-country outbreaks of communicable diseases. Reasons for its rapid global spread were the highly contagious nature of the virus with its air-borne route of infection, the busy links between affected countries, and probably inadequacies in international quarantine procedures. As shown in Tables 1 and 2, although none of the six patients were eventually diagnosed wild SARS, this observed phenomenon disclosed a very important loophole in the control aspect of international quarantine procedures: the inability to prevent persons with a highly contagious virus from slipping past undetected and thus preventing the further spread of epidemics like SARS on international travel routes. In this study, we identified that there were loopholes in the international quarantine system for controlling the international spread of contagious disease like SARS, especially when travelers lack a strong motivation to cooperate with national health authorities. doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2004.10.002 id = cord-326749-t727v0zt author = Lee, P. title = Probabilistic risk assessment of the energy saving shortfall in energy performance contracting projects–A case study date = 2013-07-16 keywords = EPC; Hong; Kong; energy; saving summary = This paper proposes a simulation-based method to evaluate the probability of energy saving shortfall taking into account the variations in the influential parameters, including weather conditions, occupancy, operating hours, thermostat set-point, etc., during the contract period. Empirical data is also used to develop the probability distribution functions for the identified parameters to simulate the actual yearly variations in the post-retrofit conditions. This paper aims at developing a simulation-based method to evaluate the probability of energy saving shortfall taking into account the variations in the influential parameters. Monte Carlo simulation is performed to generate a common set of post-retrofit condition data based on the PDF of the selected parameters. A risk analysis tool based on Monte Carlo simulation (@Risk) [44] was utilised to generate 10,000 common data sets of 7 input parameters for two calibrated building energy models. doi = 10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.07.018 id = cord-318119-h0vnfcuq author = Lee, S. H. title = Site verification and modeling of desiccant-based system as an alternative to conventional air-conditioning systems for wet markets date = 2013-06-15 keywords = Hong; Kong; system summary = A parametric study under various ventilation rates indicated that use of desiccant cooling system in wet markets in hot and humid Hong Kong would lead to energy and energy cost savings, as well as CO2 emission reduction amounting from 1% to 13%. Energy simulation based on the site survey results (including occupancy, lighting and small power densities and occupation patterns), average space air-conditions as indoor set-point conditions (25.2 C dry-bulb and 65.8% RH), building envelop details (Table 1) , and physical geometry of the wet-market were input to EnergyPlus for simulating the annual energy use of the major equipments. The study results revealed that use of desiccant cooling system in wet markets in hot and humid Hong Kong would lead to energy, energy cost and CO 2 emission reduction up to 13% when the ventilation rate is 20 L/s/person. doi = 10.1016/j.energy.2013.04.029 id = cord-288698-3e44z9p0 author = Li, Kui-Wai title = The economic strategy for the Hong Kong SAR: Evidence from productivity and cost analysis date = 2005-08-31 keywords = Hong; Kong; service summary = Abstract By using a growth accounting framework for the period 1980–2000, this paper estimates Hong Kong''s total factor productivity and unit labor cost of twenty industries classified into three economic sectors of tradable goods, tradable services and non-tradable services. This paper expanded the data used in Imai (2001) and followed the classification of economic sectors used in Wong and Tao (2000) , and extended the empirical analysis by comparing total factor productivity (TFP) with unlit labor cost analysis. With the exception of mining and quarrying that occupied only a small portion of GDP, individual industries that showed a positive geometric percentage growth in unit labor cost belong mainly to the non-tradable services (construction; community, social and personal services; real estate; restaurant and wholesale) and some tradable services (insurance; land transport; other transport services; business services and financing). doi = 10.1016/j.asieco.2005.06.008 id = cord-321075-cvlq4i8c author = Li, Mimi title = A spatial–temporal analysis of hotels in urban tourism destination date = 2014-12-11 keywords = GIS; Hong; Kong; hotel summary = This study investigates the spatial associations of urban tourism phenomena by using GIS and statistical methods to examine the relationships between hotels and land use types, attractions, transportation facilities, and the economic variables of the tertiary planning units in which the hotels are located. The current study is therefore carried out to use geographical information system (GIS) tools and statistical models to investigate the spatial associations of urban tourism phenomena by examining the spatial relationships between hotel distribution and land types, attractions, and other surrounding environmental factors in Hong Kong. According to previous studies, the main research approach used to explain location choices and spatial patterning of hotels are regression methods based on economic theory (e.g., Zhang et al., 2012; Yang et al., 2014) . This study uses binary logistic models and GIS methods and tools to investigate the spatial pattern of urban tourism, with Hong Kong as an example. doi = 10.1016/j.ijhm.2014.11.005 id = cord-000266-xwfptmmv author = Liao, Qiuyan title = Situational Awareness and Health Protective Responses to Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) in Hong Kong: A Cross-Sectional Study date = 2010-10-12 keywords = H1N1; Hong; Kong; self; worry summary = METHODOLOGY: Data from cross-sectional telephone interviews of 1,001 Hong Kong adults in June, 2009 were tested against theory and data-derived hypothesized associations between trust in (formal/informal) information, understanding, self-efficacy, perceived susceptibility and worry, and hand hygiene and social distancing using Structural Equation Modelling with multigroup comparisons. We report on a theoretical model that incorporated elements of influenza causal knowledge, perceived self-efficacy and also social and affective influences ( Figure 1 ) because these latter variables have been less frequently studied in combination, but have theoretical and logical support for their potential importance in the context of RIDs. We tested this model against data collected in the early phase of the influenza A/H1N1 pandemic (Table S1 ) to examine how levels of trust in formal and informal sources of risk/prevention information associated with hand washing and social distancing. doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0013350 id = cord-000336-57es391o author = Liao, Qiuyan title = Factors Affecting Intention to Receive and Self-Reported Receipt of 2009 Pandemic (H1N1) Vaccine in Hong Kong: A Longitudinal Study date = 2011-03-11 keywords = Hong; Kong; TPB; vaccination summary = Greater perceived vaccine benefits (β = 0.15), less concerns regarding vaccine side-effects (β = −0.20), greater adherence to social norms of vaccination (β = 0.39), anticipated higher regret if not vaccinated (β = 0.47), perceived higher self-efficacy for vaccination (β = 0.12) and history of seasonal influenza vaccination (β = 0.12) were associated with higher intention to receive the pH1N1 vaccine, which in turn predicted self-reported vaccination uptake (β = 0.30). The model proposed that attitudes towards vaccination (perceived benefits of pH1N1 vaccination and concerns regarding possible adverse effects of pH1N1 vaccination), perceived social pressures from significant others and other people around regarding pH1N1 vaccination (social norms regarding pH1N1 vaccination), perceived self-efficacy in taking vaccination (perceived self-efficacy), anticipated regret for not taking the pH1N1 vaccination (anticipated regret) and seasonal influenza vaccination history would predict vaccination intention, which in turn predicts vaccination planning and future vaccination uptake; anticipated regret and perceived self-efficacy could also predict vaccination status directly; finally, vaccination planning was proposed to bridge the intention-behavior gap and predict vaccination status directly ( Figure 3 ). doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0017713 id = cord-272207-jtvf257r author = Liao, Qiuyan title = Anxiety, worry and cognitive risk estimate in relation to protective behaviors during the 2009 influenza A/H1N1 pandemic in Hong Kong: ten cross-sectional surveys date = 2014-03-27 keywords = H1N1; Hong; Kong summary = This study was aimed to compare the strength of associations between different cognitive and affective measures of risk and self-reported protective behaviors in a series of ten cross-sectional surveys conducted throughout the first wave of influenza A/H1N1 pandemic. RESULTS: Excepting state anxiety, other affective measures including "anticipated worry", "experienced worry" and "current worry" specific to A/H1N1 risk were consistently and strongly associated with adoption of protective behaviors across different survey periods. This finding is consistent with those from other studies conducted during both SARS [6] and pandemic A/H1N1 [10, 24] , suggesting that affective components contribute significantly to adoption of protective behaviors in response to the threat during epidemics over and above simpler cognitive risk estimates. This study found that the proportions of missing data for purer cognitive risk perception measures, particularly perceived absolute/relative susceptibility to A/H1N1 were greater than for affect-loaded measures, suggesting that respondents may face greater Figure 3 Associations between psychological responses and disinfecting household frequently during A/H1N1 pandemic. doi = 10.1186/1471-2334-14-169 id = cord-323716-ak6zgyh1 author = Lin, Tsoyu Calvin title = Are stock and real estate markets integrated? An empirical study of six Asian economies date = 2011-11-30 keywords = Kong; estate; market; real summary = Numerous studies have explored the relationship between the stock market and the real estate market in the U.S., but results have been inconsistent, perhaps due to differences in sampling areas, sampling periods, data quality, or economic environments (Ambrose, Ancel and Griffiths, 1992; Chaudhry, Myer, and Webb, 1999; Fraser, Leishman, and Tarbert, 2002; Liow and Yang, 2005; Ling and Naranjo, 1999; Liu et al., 1990; Okunev and Wilson, 1997; Wilson, Okunev, and Ta, 1996; Wilson and Okunev, 1999) . Other economies, such as China, Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan do not show a cointegration relationship since the null hypothesis r = 0 is not rejected, indicating that the stock market is segmented from the real estate market in these economies. Therefore, we examined the integration relationship between the stock and real estate markets in China, Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. doi = 10.1016/j.pacfin.2011.05.001 id = cord-262545-bs8p50ig author = Luk, Andrea O. Y. title = Secular trends in incidence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in Hong Kong: A retrospective cohort study date = 2020-02-20 keywords = Hong; Kong; type summary = From the 2012-2014 National Health Insurance Service database containing 706 physician-reported cases of type 1 diabetes in children aged <15 years in South Korea, Kim and colleagues reported an incidence of 3.2 per 100,000 person-years, which was 2.3-fold higher compared with the rate recorded in the earlier period of 1995-2000 [13] . Based on retrospective retrieval of 255 paediatric cases of newly diagnosed diabetes between 1984 and 1996, Huen and colleagues recorded an incidence of 1.4 per 100,000 person-years for type 1 diabetes in children aged <15 years in Hong Kong, which was considerably lower than our updated estimates of 5.3-6.4 per 100,000 person-years in a comparable age group [14] . In the present study, 60% of incident cases of diabetes in people aged <20 years were type 2 diabetes. In this report on the secular trend of the incidence of diabetes in Hong Kong, we revealed that the incidence of type 1 diabetes increased in people aged <20 years and was stable in other age groups. doi = 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003052 id = cord-258307-nsdhvc8w author = Maki, Dennis G. title = SARS Revisited: The Challenge of Controlling Emerging Infectious Diseases at the Local, Regional, Federal, and Global Levels date = 2011-10-20 keywords = Hong; Kong; SARS; acute; severe summary = The most recent and perhaps most fearsome emerging infections are the appearance of West Nile virus encephalitis in New York City in 1999 and its rapid spread westward 6 ; inhalation anthrax, deriving from use of Bacillus anthracis spores as a biologic weapon against the US civilian population in 2001 7 ; the global outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003 8 ; and the looming threat of pandemic influenza, especially global disease caused by the highly virulent avian subtype A (H5N1). If it is not, the effort will not have been wasted because it is likely that all the planning and resource allocation will prove invaluable for controlling the spread of natural emerging pathogens, such as SARS-CoV or a new strain of influenza virus, which are probably far more likely to pose a serious threat to human and animal health in the United States and worldwide. doi = 10.4065/79.11.1359 id = cord-310867-78cx3o29 author = Mo, Phoenix K. H. title = Stigmatization among people living with HIV in Hong Kong: A qualitative study date = 2017-02-14 keywords = HIV; Kong; PLHIV summary = MAIN VARIABLES STUDIED: Participants were interviewed about their views and feelings towards oneself as a PLHIV and contributing factors, experiences of discriminations, stigmatizing behaviours, issues about disclosure, social relationships and potential impact of HIV. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Thematic analyses revealed three levels of factors which might be associated with stigmatization: (i) intrapersonal level (misconceptions about HIV, attribution of self‐responsibility, severe state of illness, side‐effects of medication), (ii) interpersonal level (discrimination, social rejection) and (iii) social level (mass media, public stereotypes). 45, 46 However, one local study looking at factors associated with self-stigmatization using the attribution model for PLHIV, including self-blame, responsibility for contacting HIV and internal controllability for contracting HIV, showed that although attributions of control predicted attributions of responsibility which, in turn, predicted self-blame, the linkage between self-blame and self-stigma was not significant. The purpose of this study was to describe and explore the possible factors that may contribute to internalization of stigma among PLHIV in Hong Kong using a qualitative approach. doi = 10.1111/hex.12535 id = cord-034317-bhzctz87 author = Ngan, Olivia Miu Yung title = Evolution of bioethics education in the medical programme: a tale of two medical schools date = 2020-10-27 keywords = Hong; Kong; bioethic; medical summary = This paper provides a cross-sectional analysis, describing institutional experiences in developing bioethics curriculum at two medical schools in Malaysia and Hong Kong. The medical programmes of the two institutions are distinctive in terms curriculum framework, teaching approach, and topic selection, and common challenges include implementation of bioethics courses, students'' resistance to bioethics, and limited teaching capacity, emerged as they evolve. Nonetheless, many teachers who are involved in bioethics curriculum in medical programmes were either philosophers, ethicists, or scientists with limited experience in medicine, or clinicians with inadequate formal training in ethics (Ekmekci 2016; Sim et al. The topic-oriented approach in the pre-clinical year entails a teaching goal to (1) observe inter-dependence between medicines and ethics, (2) acquire bioethics knowledge and language, (3) recognise vital ethical issues in medical practice, and (4) apply reasoning skills when present in a dilemma. doi = 10.1007/s40889-020-00112-0 id = cord-353308-e4s8el0s author = Parashar, Umesh D title = Severe acute respiratory syndrome: review and lessons of the 2003 outbreak date = 2004-05-20 keywords = Hong; Kong; SARS; respiratory summary = doi = 10.1093/ije/dyh198 id = cord-269612-pmzdovna author = Pennington, Hugh title = Politics, media and microbiologists date = 2004 keywords = Hong; Kong; SARS summary = Studies on the SARS outbreak in Hong Kong 1 -after the exclusion of two ''superspread'' events where special circumstances allowed index cases to infect many individuals (at the Prince of Wales Hospital and at the Amoy Gardens estate) -gave an estimated R 0 value of 2.7. From analyses of samples taken from Vietnam, Singapore and Hong Kong, laboratories in the network ruled out the possibility of infection by any of the known influenza virus strains or other established causes of pneumonia, and concluded that SARS was new. It meant that the Hong Kong Department of Health, Hospital Authority and laboratory surveillance facility 11 , and the WHO, were particularly well prepared to respond to the SARS outbreak. In March 1997, an outbreak of avian influenza caused by the A virus subtype H5N1 killed several thousand chickens in three rural Hong Kong chicken farms. doi = 10.1038/nrmicro846 id = cord-311026-mpr3xb2a author = Petersen, Eskild title = COVID-19–We urgently need to start developing an exit strategy date = 2020-04-29 keywords = COVID-19; Hong; Kong; PDF; SARS summary = Another approach could be to open travel from countries with good surveillance systems, transparent reporting, and few local cases where risk of importing infected cases would be low. Thus, public health capabilities for case identification and isolation must be expanded probably permanently; tools can include physical inspection or use of electronic devices, such as mobile phone-based surveillance and point of care tests as used in Taiwan, Korea and Oman, summarized in table 3. Despite the city state''s strict contact-tracing, quarantining and travel restrictions, a second wave of infections from returning residents and local transmissions saw cases spike from 100 to 1,000 in one month (SCMP 3 rd April). This initial public health response included travel bans from countries with high levels of community transmission and 14-day mandatory quarantine for all returning travelers from those countries; school closures; cancellation of gatherings of more than 100 people; and expanding testing and isolation capacity. doi = 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.04.035 id = cord-334612-lxqcvqca author = Rao, Nirmala title = Sars, preschool routines and children’s behaviour: Observations from preschools in Hong Kong date = 2006 keywords = Hong; Kong; SARS summary = This paper considers the influence of the SARS epidemic on children''s routines and behaviour when preschools re-opened, after a six-week closure. Items on the survey fell into 6 categories including: Information about the preschool and children (21 questions); Routines before the SARS outbreak (4 questions); Learning during School Closure (2 questions); Preparing the kindergarten for re-opening (2 questions); Students return to kindergartens (18 questions); Lessons from SARS (4 questions); and Demographic information about the observers. The 18 items on Students'' return to kindergartens included questions on Daily routines (3 questions); Health issues (2 questions); Social Interaction among children (6 questions); Preschool Management (3 questions); and School Holidays (4 questions). During the SARS outbreak, the Education and Manpower Bureau of the Hong Kong Government issued a curriculum for children ranging in age from 3-6 years. As mentioned earlier the Education and Manpower Bureau of the Hong Kong Government developed a programme for preschool children on SARS. doi = 10.1007/bf03168205 id = cord-290690-53t7df81 author = Roberts, David J. title = Life in Times of COVID‐19 date = 2020-05-13 keywords = Kong; SARS summary = The articles by CK Lee from Hong Kong 2 and Dana Devine 3 from Canada describe how blood services in two very different epidemiological settings responded to the epidemic. However, the measures implemented for SARS in Hong Kong in 2003, namely social distancing, use of personal protective equipment and screening of donors, laid the foundation for many blood services'' response to this current epidemic. Similarly, the methods developed by Dr Lee in the SARS epidemic in 2002 described in this issue, have enable Hong Kong to maintain the blood supply in this COVID-19 pandemic and have been shared by webinar and have helped many blood services cope with the current crisis (https://education.isbtweb.org/isbt/#!*menu=8*browseby=8*sortby=2*label=19776) (Accessed 1st May 2020). Perhaps the wider lesson from the experience of Hong Kong and Canada was that very real threat posed by SARS in 2003 prompted improved pandemic planning. doi = 10.1111/tme.12688 id = cord-351030-jqqxqjzf author = Rui, M. title = A Sparse Gaussian Network Model for Prediction the Growth Trend of COVID-19 Overseas Import Case: When can Hong Kong Lift the International Traffic Blockad? date = 2020-05-16 keywords = Hong; Kong summary = title: A Sparse Gaussian Network Model for Prediction the Growth Trend of COVID-19 Overseas Import Case: When can Hong Kong Lift the International Traffic Blockad? This article establishes an epidemic spread relationship network between Hong Kong and various countries and regions around the world and build a regression model based on network information to fit Hong Kong''s COV-19 epidemic growth data. Therefore, this article first uses the SEIJR model to predict the growth curve of the number of local diagnoses in countries and regions related to Hong Kong. This result shows that we can use the data based on the relation network to fit the existing case growth situation in Hong Kong. 13.20099978 doi: medRxiv preprint Finally, we used the SEJIR model to simulate the cumulative case growth data of 23 countries and regions related to Hong Kong. doi = 10.1101/2020.05.13.20099978 id = cord-260503-yq4dtf8n author = SAMARANAYAKE, LAKSHMAN P. title = Severe acute respiratory syndrome and dentistry A retrospective view date = 2004-09-30 keywords = Hong; Kong; SARS; disease; patient summary = Objectives The authors trace the emergence of the SARS outbreak from southern China and its spread worldwide, discuss the viral etiology of the infection and its clinical features, and review the infection control guidelines issued during the outbreak by the health authorities in Hong Kong, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the World Health Organization and the American Dental Association. Conclusions and Clinical Implications Researchers believe that a combination of factors, including the universal infection control measures that the dental community has implemented and/or the low degree of viral shedding in the prodromal phase of SARS, may have obviated the spread of the disease in dental settings. Interim domestic infection control precautions for aerosol-generating procedures on C L I N I C A L P R A C T I C E patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) doi = 10.14219/jada.archive.2004.0405 id = cord-261025-y49su5uc author = Sampathkumar, Priya title = SARS: Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Management, and Infection Control Measures date = 2003-07-31 keywords = Kong; SARS; patient; respiratory summary = Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a recently recognized febrile respiratory illness that first appeared in southern China in November 2002, has since spread to several countries, and has resulted in more than 8000 cases and more than 750 deaths. This article summarizes currently available information regarding the epidemiology, clinical features, etiologic agent, and modes of transmission of the disease, as well as infection control measures appropriate to contain SARS. An RT-PCR test specific for RNA from the SARS-CoV has been positive within the first 10 days after fever onset in respiratory specimens from most patients considered probable cases of SARS who have been tested and in stool samples in the second week of illness. Case definitions of SARS are currently based on the presence of epidemiological risk factors (close contact with patients with SARS or travel to SARS-affected areas) and a combination of fever and respiratory symptoms, with or without chest radiographic changes. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in Singapore: clinical features of index patient and initial contacts doi = 10.4065/78.7.882 id = cord-286705-biundkbv author = Shek, Daniel T. L. title = Protests in Hong Kong (2019–2020): a Perspective Based on Quality of Life and Well-Being date = 2020-03-13 keywords = China; Government; Hong; Kong; people; social summary = These issues included distrust in the Central Government, lack of national identity, political dissatisfaction, economic strains, mental health threats, drop in family quality of life, lack of life skills education, lack of evidence-based national education in the formal curriculum, slow response of the Government, and alleged excessive use of force by the police. These include the personal system (e.g., threat to freedom and finding life meaning through involvement in a "revolution"), interpersonal system (e.g., peer influence and bonding amongst peer protesters), family system (e.g., lack of family warmth), social system (e.g., sensational social media influence), and political system (e.g., lack of trust in the Government and support for protesters from bodies outside Hong Kong). In this paper, we treat the quality of life and well-being issues as "fuels", the Extradition Bill as "heat", and some contextual influences (such as support from the general public for young people''s involvement in protests) as "oxygen". doi = 10.1007/s11482-020-09825-2 id = cord-269213-tsm6zoe3 author = Slaughter, Laura title = A framework for capturing the interactions between laypersons’ understanding of disease, information gathering behaviors, and actions taken during an epidemic date = 2005-01-30 keywords = Hong; Kong; SARS; action; information summary = doi = 10.1016/j.jbi.2004.12.006 id = cord-276820-l7bd5y8y author = So, Winnie K.W. title = The knowledge level and precautionary measures taken by older adults during the SARS outbreak in Hong Kong date = 2004-11-30 keywords = Hong; Kong; SARS summary = authors: So, Winnie K.W.; Chan, Sophia S.C.; Lee, Angel C.K.; Tiwari, Agnes F.Y. title: The knowledge level and precautionary measures taken by older adults during the SARS outbreak in Hong Kong Abstract The study aims to examine the knowledge and the practice of the precautionary measures taken by older adults in Hong Kong against the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The aim of the study is to describe the knowledge about SARS and precautionary measures taken by older adults in Hong Kong. Understanding older adults'' knowledge level and adherence to the government''s recommended precautionary measures to prevent transmission of SARS is an essential step in being able to design similar promotion programmes for this population in the future. (1) What demographic variables influenced older adults'' knowledge level, beliefs, and precautionary measures taken to prevent transmission of SARS? doi = 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2004.04.004 id = cord-354661-wls1rd7d author = Suen, Yiu-tung title = Effects of general and sexual minority-specific COVID-19-related stressors on the mental health of lesbian, gay and bisexual people in Hong Kong date = 2020-08-03 keywords = COVID-19; Kong; LGB summary = doi = 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113365 id = cord-023473-ofwdzu5t author = Tan, Wei‐Jiat title = Managing threats in the global era: The impact and response to SARS date = 2006-06-26 keywords = Asia; China; Kong; SARS; firm; risk summary = As a result of its impact, SARS quickly established itself as a new kind of global uncertainty and posed challenges for traditional methods of risk management. As a result of its impact, SARS quickly established itself as a new kind of global uncertainty and posed challenges for traditional methods of risk management. This article examines the impact that SARS has had through means of a case study and builds on this to provide recommendations for how uncertainty may be managed in an increasingly globalized world. At the same time, we have witnessed the emergence of a new type of environmental business threat that has manifested itself in incidents such as global terrorism, SARS, financial crises, and computer viruses, all of which have the ability to disrupt a firm''s operations. With regard to SARS, the key strategic responses are likely to occur in the areas of supply-chain management, diversification, scenario planning, and ensuring business continuity. doi = 10.1002/tie.20107 id = cord-326339-46imi33v author = Tang, A. C. Y. title = Associations between Demographic Characteristics, Perceived Threat, Perceived Stress, Coping Responses and Adherence to COVID-19 Prevention Measures among Healthcare Students in China: A Cross-Sectional Survey with Implications for the Control of COVID-19 date = 2020-07-16 keywords = COVID-19; Fujian; Hong; Kong summary = doi = 10.1101/2020.07.15.20154997 id = cord-269973-sntnmqqd author = To, Kelvin Kai-Wang title = Unique SARS-CoV-2 clusters causing a large COVID-19 outbreak in Hong Kong date = 2020-08-05 keywords = Kong; SARS summary = However, the number of COVID-19 cases remained relatively low due to the early implementation of stringent public health measures, including border control, voluntary community-wide wearing of face masks, hand hygiene and social distancing, prompt isolation of suspected cases, and testing and quarantine of close contacts and travelers from epidemic areas [2, 3] . Spike protein D614G mutation was not found in any genomes during the first wave, which mainly involved travelers from mainland China or other parts of Asia, or the linked local cases. The majority of genomes from locally-acquired cases (91%) during this third wave belong to a cluster HK1, a unique cluster within the GR clade, which is characterized by 4 non-synonymous mutations (nsp3 A85V, nsp15 A231V, spike protein S12F, NP A12G) and 1 synonymous mutation (NP C29144T). Two unique SARS-CoV-2 clusters have been identified during this large summer outbreak in Hong Kong shortly after the easing of social distancing policies. doi = 10.1093/cid/ciaa1119 id = cord-330206-34vgo3q5 author = To, W.M. title = Association between energy use and poor visibility in Hong Kong SAR, China date = 2014-04-15 keywords = Hong; Kong; visibility summary = Hence, only Table 1 Import of fossil fuels (primary source of energy) in 1971, 1976, 1981, 1986, 1991, 1996, 2001, 2006 the number of hours of reduced visibility at the Hong Kong Observatory will be used to correlate with fuel uses and in multiple regression analysis because this dataset has a much longer history of forty-one years. Bivariate correlation was performed between the visibility data recorded at the Hong Kong Observatory, the imported energy of each fossil fuel, and meteorological variables including the annual mean air temperature in C, annual mean atmospheric pressure in hPa, annual mean relative humidity in percent, annual total rainfall in mm, and the annual mean wind speed in km/hr. The monthly data of mean air temperature, mean atmospheric pressure, mean relative humidity, total rainfall recorded at the Hong Kong Observatory and mean wind speed recorded at Waglan Table 2 Bivariate correlation between visibility and the imported energy of each fossil fuel. doi = 10.1016/j.energy.2014.02.062 id = cord-273638-mmlwh87u author = Tso, Ivy F. title = Alarming levels of psychiatric symptoms and the role of loneliness during the COVID-19 epidemic: A case study of Hong Kong date = 2020-08-23 keywords = COVID-19; Hong; Kong summary = Thus, Hong Kong is a model case for the population-wide practice of effective social distancing and provides an opportunity to examine the impact of loneliness on mental health during the COVID-19.  We conducted an online survey to examine the impact of loneliness on mental health during COVID-19 in Hong Kong, a model case for the population-wide practice of effective social distancing. Further studies are needed to confirm the role of loneliness in mental health during COVID-19 with important factors likely impacting wellbeing controlled, and extend the investigation from depression and anxiety to other mental health concerns such as substance use and symptoms indicative of more severe disorders (e.g., psychosis). doi = 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113423 id = cord-260438-oezkz55m author = Tung, W.L. title = Financial volatility trading using a self-organising neural-fuzzy semantic network and option straddle-based approach date = 2010-08-20 keywords = EMA; HSI; Hong; Kong; MACD; trading; volatility summary = doi = 10.1016/j.eswa.2010.07.116 id = cord-021375-lca26xum author = Voelkner, Nadine title = Riding the Shi: From Infection Barriers to the Microbial City date = 2019-08-23 keywords = Hong; Kong; Macphail; chinese; human; virus summary = Taking its cue from the currently accepted germ theory of disease, such mechanisms render a global city like Hong Kong not only pervasively "on alert" and under threat of unpredictable and pathogenic viruses and other microbes, it also gives rise to a hygiene and antimicrobial politics that is never entirely able to control pathogenic circulation. Considering recent advances in gene sequencing in microbiology, through which a "vast diversity of microbial life in, on and around the human body" (Lorimer 2017, 544) has been identified as residing in complex relationality with one another, how befitting is it to fight infectious diseases by indiscriminately eliminating microbes through the use of antimicrobials and practicing urban hygiene as in the case of Hong Kong? Various scholars have noted how, much like Hong Kong in the face of SARS, global public health programs adopt an antimicrobial stance to the control and/or elimination of infectious diseases, however, which might prove to be counterproductive in securing human life (Macphail 2014; Methot and Alizon 2014; Fishel 2015 Fishel , 2017 White 2015; Hinchliffe et al. doi = 10.1093/ips/olz016 id = cord-313900-tx3m4gu4 author = Wan, Kin-Man title = Fighting COVID-19 in Hong Kong: The effects of community and social mobilization date = 2020-06-25 keywords = Hong; Kong; government summary = Considering the limited actions that the government has taken against the pandemic, we emphasize the prominent role of Hong Kong''s civil society through highlighting the strong and spontaneous mobilization of its local communities originating from their experiences during the SARS outbreak in 2003 and the social unrest in 2019, as well as their doubts regarding the pandemic assessments and recommendations of the HKSAR and WHO authorities. Paradoxically, the strong and spontaneous mobilization observed in Hong Kong was a consequence of the population''s devastating memories of the SARS outbreak in 2003 and the social unrest in 2019, as well as of their skepticism of the pandemic figures, assessments and recommendations given by the authorities of HKSAR, mainland China, and the World Health Organization (WHO). In the early stages of the pandemic (January to March), the rate of support for the Chief Executive was also recorded below 20 over 100, and less than 30% of the population trusted the government and were satisfied with the police force (Hong Kong Public Opinion Research Institute, 2020d; Ho, 2020). doi = 10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105055 id = cord-335644-gt1ey9wz author = Wang, Weiwen title = Air ventilation assessment under unstable atmospheric stratification — A comparative study for Hong Kong date = 2018-02-15 keywords = Fig; Hong; Kong; LES summary = doi = 10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.12.018 id = cord-350861-kxwgpymq author = Webster, Robert G. title = H5N1 Outbreaks and Enzootic Influenza date = 2006-01-17 keywords = H5N1; Hong; Kong summary = The highly pathogenic H5 virus reassorted its genome with those of other influenza viruses in aquatic birds, and the resulting viruses spread to domestic poultry farms, humans, and occasionally to pigs. Multiple opportunities exist for control of highly pathogenic avian influenza: 1) prevent contact between wild and domestic poultry by use of screened poultry houses and treated water; 2) prevent contact between domestic waterfowl and gallinaceous poultry by use of screened houses and treated water and by exclusion of waterfowl from "wet markets"; 3) eradicate H5/H7 influenza viruses from gallinaceous poultry by culling or the use of vaccines that prevent disease and transmission; 4) prevent contact between poultry, pigs, and humans and make vaccines and antiviral drugs available. After late 2002, when H5N1 viruses had killed waterfowl in Kowloon Park in Hong Kong, most avian H5N1 isolates isolated in Vietnam, Thailand, and Indonesia were highly pathogenic to chickens and domestic ducks. doi = 10.3201/eid1201.051024 id = cord-354832-lps2qbxy author = Wong, J. S. W. title = The Common Missed Handwashing Instances and Areas after 15 Years of Hand-Hygiene Education date = 2019-08-08 keywords = Hong; Kong; hand summary = doi = 10.1155/2019/5928924 id = cord-343941-nfdplszh author = Wong, Lai-yi title = A herbal formula for prevention of influenza-like syndrome: A double-blind randomized clinical trial date = 2013-04-02 keywords = Hong; Kong; herbal summary = OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of a herbal formula in the prevention of influenza or influenza-like syndrome among elderies residing in old-people''s home in Hong Kong. METHODS: In ten old people''s home or community centres in New Territories, Hong Kong, 740 eligible subjects agreed to join the study and were randomized to receive a herbal formula or a placebo on alternate days over 8 weeks. RESULTS: Seventy-two participants developed influenza-like-symptoms but none of them was proven influenza in their nasopharyngeal swabs, 40 of these patients belonged to the herbal group and 32 to the placebo group, without significant differences between groups. The primary objective of the study was to investigate the efficacy of the herbal preparation previously used for the prevention of SARS against endemic influenza among a group of at risk elderly people. In each old-age home or elderly centre the participants were randomized separately within the vaccinated group or non-vaccinated group to receive either herbal preparation or placebo. doi = 10.1007/s11655-012-1269-6 id = cord-293858-dk4snw9r author = Yang, Lin title = Comparison of influenza disease burden in older populations of Hong Kong and Brisbane: the impact of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination date = 2019-02-14 keywords = Hong; Kong; SARS summary = Annual excess rates of mortality or hospitalization associated with influenza in the older population were estimated for the pre-SARS (reference period), post-SARS and post-pandemic period, respectively. We constructed time series segmented regression models to estimate cause-specific mortality or hospitalization risks associated with influenza in the older population during the pre-SARS, post-SARS, and post-pandemic periods for Hong Kong and Brisbane. Compared to Hong Kong, during the study period Brisbane had higher mortality rates for all-cause (81.7 vs 66.5 per 100,000 population), cardiorespiratory diseases (CRD, 42.1 vs 33.8), stroke (9.5 vs 6.5) and ischemic heart diseases (IHD, 17.0 vs 7.5), but a lower rate for pneumonia and influenza (P&I, 2.8 vs 9.9), and a comparable rate for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, 3.9 vs 4.2) (Additional file 1: Appendix 3). In this study, we estimated excess rates of mortality or hospitalizations attributable to influenza in different periods (pre-SARS, post-SARS, and post-pandemic) for two subtropical cities Hong Kong and Brisbane. doi = 10.1186/s12879-019-3735-7 id = cord-339070-jnmogy7s author = Yang, Lin title = Influenza associated mortality in the subtropics and tropics: Results from three Asian cities date = 2011-11-08 keywords = Hong; Kong; Singapore summary = In this study, we applied a standardized modeling strategy to the mortality and virology data from three Asian cities: subtropical Guangzhou and Hong Kong, and tropical Singapore, to estimate the disease burden of influenza in these cities. Mortality data for each city were obtained from Hong Kong Census and Statistics Department (coded according to the International Classification of Diseases Tenth Revision, ICD-10), Guangzhou Department of Health (coded in ICD-10) and Singapore Registry of Births and Deaths (coded in ICD-9), respectively. The present study adopted a standardized modeling approach to show that the overall influenza burden was comparable between the two subtropical cities Guangzhou and Hong Kong, but lower in the tropical Singapore. Annual excess all-cause mortality rates associated with influenza (per 100,000 population) between Guangzhou, Hong Kong and Singapore, all-ages group. doi = 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.09.071 id = cord-299464-rrxgr909 author = Yau, Yung title = Collectivism and activism in housing management in Hong Kong date = 2010-12-09 keywords = CIM; Hong; Kong; management summary = Building on the wide-ranging applications of the collective interest model (CIM) in explaining political participation and environmental activism, this paper expands its relevance to the arena of housing management. In brief, housing management activism is a function of beliefs about personal and group efficacy, the value of the collective good, and the selective benefits and costs of participation. The phenomenon of homeowner participation in housing management in Hong Kong provides an excellent laboratory for the study of such collective action behaviour. An empirical study is carried out in Hong Kong''s private multi-family residential buildings using the CIM, which was developed based on Olson''s (1965) logic of collective action. In investigating the dilemma of collective action among homeowners, this article uses the CIM to investigate the benefit-cost expectations associated with participation in the management of apartment buildings in Hong Kong. doi = 10.1016/j.habitatint.2010.11.006 id = cord-288219-bwsw9nlr author = Yeung, K.L. title = Knowledge of inter-facility transport among emergency nurses in Hong Kong: A questionnaire survey date = 2008-06-12 keywords = Hong; IFT; Kong summary = INTRODUCTION: Inter-facility transport (IFT) is a dynamic process and its quality largely depends on pre-transport preparation, emergency equipment support and recognition of possible en route adverse events. Measured outcomes were defined as (1) relationships between clinical experience and relevant training in IFT with questionnaire results, (2) staff knowledge of the equipment carried routinely in ambulances and (3) the en route adverse events encountered according to the participants'' past experience. IFT with questionnaire results, (2) staff knowledge of the equipment carried routinely in ambulances and (3) the en route adverse events encountered according to the participants'' past experience. The aim of this study is to evaluate knowledge levels of inter-facility transport among registered nurses of the AEDs in the eastern New Territories of Hong Kong, with special emphasis on equipment preparation and management of en route adverse events. doi = 10.1016/j.ienj.2008.05.001 id = cord-309268-sig0h723 author = Yeung, May PS title = Factors associated with uptake of influenza vaccine in people aged 50 to 64 years in Hong Kong: a case–control study date = 2015-07-07 keywords = Hong; Kong; vaccination summary = title: Factors associated with uptake of influenza vaccine in people aged 50 to 64 years in Hong Kong: a case–control study This study investigates the factors associated with the uptake of influenza vaccination among adults in Hong Kong aged 50–64 years. This study aimed to find out which factors were associated with the low uptake of influenza vaccination among people aged 50-64 years in Hong Kong. The hypothesis of this study was there were differences in associated factors (variables) between those Hong Kong residents aged 50-64 years who received the influenza vaccine in 2011/12 and 2012/13, and those who did not. The majority of the cases (80.8 %) and controls (93.9 %) were not aware that they were in a group recommended by the health authority to receive influenza vaccination. doi = 10.1186/s12889-015-1990-0 id = cord-263941-afxh7rks author = Yip, Paul title = A decomposition analysis to examine the change in the number of recipients in the comprehensive social security assistance (CSSA) system date = 2020-10-27 keywords = CSSA; Hong; Kong summary = The Comprehensive Social Security Assistance (CSSA) system in Hong Kong provides a safety net for those aged children and adults below 65 years old who cannot support themselves financially. For Hong Kong, after accounting for government recurrent cash benefits (including various kinds of social security schemes including CSSA), the size of the poor population was reduced from 1.4 million to just over 1 million (14.7% of the population)-a 28% reduction in the size of the poverty population. In this study, we adopt a decomposition analysis to assess the impact of population growth and age structure on the numbers of people moving in and out of the CSSA scheme for the period 2014-2018. The decomposition analysis allows us to examine the impact on the number of CSSA recipients of changes in arrival and removal, population size and age distribution. doi = 10.1007/s42379-020-00069-z id = cord-325722-ixozph19 author = Yip, Paul title = Optimal Strategies for Reducing Number of People in the Social Security System date = 2020-02-18 keywords = CSSA; Hong; Kong; age summary = The results indicate that by tailoring measures to specific subgroups, the overall number of CSSA recipients would be reduced, thereby improving the efficiency of Hong Kong''s social security system, which has accounted for more than 16.5% of Hong Kong government expenditure in 2018, amounting to more than HKD 92 billion. It is important to consider whether the "entering approach" is indeed more effective than the "leaving approach" in reducing the number of CSSA recipients in Hong Kong. From these results, it seems that preventing people aged 20-29 from entering the CSSA system has a larger impact; that is, the "entering" approach would be more effective in reducing the number of CSSA recipients in 2014. The propose model provides empirical evidence to identify the potential target groups of people that would lead to the largest reduction in the number of the CSSA recipients in the Hong Kong Social Security System. doi = 10.3390/ijerph17041305 id = cord-022158-32pe8ou0 author = Yuan, Chao title = Empirical Morphological Model to Evaluate Urban Wind Permeability in High-Density Cities date = 2018-01-16 keywords = Hong; Kong; urban; wind summary = In this chapter, a high-resolution frontal area density (FAD) map that evaluates urban permeability was produced using an empirical model, which takes into account the heterogeneous urban morphology and local wind availability. This study first correlates the pedestrian-level wind environment with λ f calculated at the podium layer, and then establishes an understanding of surface roughness and urban morphology based on ground coverage ratio (GCR), a term familiar to urban planners, with λ f to simplify the practical application of the understanding for professional use. Furthermore, compared with the traditional method of calculating frontal area density, the new method can alleviate the underestimation of mapping urban surface roughness in high-density cities with large and closely packed buildings. As shown in Fig. 2 .13a, the map of the frontal area density (0-15 m) depicts the local wind permeability at the podium layer in the Kowloon Peninsula and Hong Kong Island. doi = 10.1007/978-981-10-5451-8_2 id = cord-350031-2c9x55hx author = Zhao, Sheng Zhi title = Social Distancing Compliance under COVID-19 Pandemic and Mental Health Impacts: A Population-Based Study date = 2020-09-14 keywords = Hong; Kong; social summary = Compliance with social distancing and staying-at-home, stress (Perceived Stress Scale-4), anxiety (General Anxiety Disorders-2), and depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-2) were collected. The association of mental health symptoms including stress, anxiety and depression with the number of measures adopted, number of days stayed-at-home and perceived effectiveness and compliance were calculated by multivariable linear (for stress) and logistic (for anxiety and depression) regressions. Effect modifications by age (18-59, 65+ years) and education attainment (primary or below, secondary, and tertiary) on the associations between mental health symptoms, stay-at-home and compliance with social distancing were assessed using the interaction terms. Perceived effectiveness and compliance with social distancing measures were associated with lower stress levels and risks for anxiety and depressive symptoms (all p < 0.001). We have provided the first evidence on compliance with non-pharmaceutical community containment strategies including stay-at-home and social distancing and their associations with mental health symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. doi = 10.3390/ijerph17186692 id = cord-007423-1mchg5yg author = Zhao, Shi title = COVID-19 and gender-specific difference: Analysis of public surveillance data in Hong Kong and Shenzhen, China, from January 10 to February 15, 2020 date = 2020-03-09 keywords = Kong summary = title: COVID-19 and gender-specific difference: Analysis of public surveillance data in Hong Kong and Shenzhen, China, from January 10 to February 15, 2020 We examined the publicly available materials and collected the records of COVID-19 transmission events in 2 neighboring large cities, Hong Kong 4 and Shenzhen, 5 in south China from January 10 to February 15, 2020, and we extracted the serial interval data. All data used in this work were publicly available from press releases from the Centre for Health Protection (CHP) of Hong Kong 4 and the COVID-19 outbreak situation reports of the Shenzhen Municipal Health Commission, 5 and the key R code is provided as a supplementary file online. Model 1 is a log-linear form for the percentage change, E[ln(SI i, the serial interval of the ith primary case whose onset date is the tth day. Estimating the serial interval of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A statistical analysis using the public data in Hong Kong from doi = 10.1017/ice.2020.64 id = cord-000326-a18rch1f author = Zhou, Jun-Wei title = Apolipoprotein M Gene (APOM) Polymorphism Modifies Metabolic and Disease Traits in Type 2 Diabetes date = 2011-02-24 keywords = APOM; Kong; SNP summary = This study aimed at substantiating the associations of the apolipoproein M gene (APOM) with type 2 diabetes (T2D) as well as with metabolic traits in Hong Kong Chinese. Several additional lines of evidence also indicated the possible involvement of APOM in the development of diabetes and metabolic disturbances: 1) the human APOM gene is located within a high susceptibility region (6q21-q23) to type 2 diabetes (T2D) in genome-wide linkage analyses [6] . 2) SNP rs805296 (T-778C) in APOM promoter has been associated with the levels of plasma total cholesterol (TC) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in non-diabetic participants, 3) SNP rs805296 has also been associated with the susceptibility to T2D and coronary artery disease among the Northern Chinese [7, 8] . While our results did not support an association between APOM and T2D susceptibility in Hong Kong Chinese, subgroup analyses found SNP as well as haplotype associations between APOM and metabolic traits in T2D. doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0017324 id = cord-268789-9b4quuqx author = Zhou, Y. title = Seroprevalence of antibody to pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 among healthcare workers after the first wave in Hong Kong date = 2011-08-31 keywords = Hong; Kong summary = We conducted a cross-sectional study of the prevalence of antibody to pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 (pH1N1) among HCWs in Hong Kong in February–March 2010 following the first pandemic wave. Under good adherence to infection control guidelines, potential occupational exposures in the hospital setting did not appear to be associated with any substantial excess risk of pH1N1 infection in HCWs. Most HCWs had low antibody titres following the first pandemic wave. Among the 574 HCWs who did not report laboratory-confirmed pH1N1 infection, 11% (95% CI: 8.5e14) Table III shows the comparison of pH1N1 antibody seroprevalence in HCWs versus blood donors at the Hong Kong Red Cross involved in a separate community study. 4 In our study 19/599 (3.2%) unvaccinated HCWs reported laboratory-confirmed pandemic H1N1 infection compared with an overall rate of 1% in HCWs in Hong Kong, while 12.4% of unvaccinated HCWs had antibody titre !1:40. doi = 10.1016/j.jhin.2011.02.017 id = cord-290352-0pc5eji4 author = de Jong, Menno D. title = Avian influenza A (H5N1) date = 2005-10-06 keywords = H5N1; Hong; Kong; influenza; virus summary = doi = 10.1016/j.jcv.2005.09.002 id = cord-020756-d9f5fd7x author = de Jong, Menno Douwe title = Avian Influenza Viruses and Pandemic Influenza date = 2007 keywords = H5N1; Hong; Kong; avian; human; influenza; virus summary = doi = 10.1007/978-0-387-32830-0_9 id = cord-001521-l36f1gp7 author = nan title = Oral and Poster Manuscripts date = 2011-04-08 keywords = A(H1N1; CDC; China; ELISA; H1N1; H3N2; H5N1; H9N2; HAI; Health; Hong; ILI; Influenza; Kong; LAIV; MDCK; PB1-F2; PCR; RNA; TCID; USA; cell; figure; infection; ns1; pandemic; table; virus summary = The IC 50 values determined in functional NI assays provide valuable information for detection of resistant viruses, but should not be used to draw direct correlations with drug concentrations needed to inhibit virus replication in the infected human host, as clinical data to support such inferences are inadequate. • Standardized reagents and protocols • Choice of detection technology • Simple instrumentation requirements • High sensitivity for use with low virus concentrations • Compatibility with batch-mode processing and largescale assay throughput • Broad specificity of influenza detection • Flexibility in assay format • Additional NA assay applications -cell-based viral assays, screening for new NIs, detection of NA from other organisms Functional neuraminidase inhibition assays enable detection of any resistance mutation and are extremely important in conjunction with sequence-based screening assays for global monitoring of virus isolates for NI resistance mutations, including known and new mutations. Such new assays need to include methods to measure local antibodies and virus-specific lymphocytes, especially in the case of live attenuated influenza vaccines, because of their potential to induce such broad-based immune responses. doi = 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2011.00209.x id = cord-023837-kenstpja author = nan title = China date = 2019 keywords = China; GDP; Hong; January; July; Kong; People; Republic; Taiwan; USA; chinese summary = doi = 10.1007/978-1-349-95321-9_204 id = cord-297326-n0fpu8s3 author = ÁLVAREZ, E. title = New coronavirus outbreak. Lessons learned from the severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic date = 2015-01-16 keywords = Hong; Kong; SARS summary = Here, we develop a model that explains the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) epidemic that occurred in Hong Kong in 2003. These equations involve three stocks (SUSCEPTIBLE, LATENT, INFECTED), three auxiliary variables (prevalence, contagion rate, recovery rate) and three parameters (incubation period, case fatality, disease duration). The simulation output for the variable ''sick per day'' fit the data reported by the Hong Kong authorities (Fig. 4a) , suggesting that the model was able to reproduce the epidemic curve. These results are consistent with a previous report showing the basic reproductive numbers for different SARS epidemic curves, which supports the notion that our model is able to largely replicate the disease outbreak in Hong Kong [31] . Under these conditions, the model output fits the epidemic curve observed in the Hong Kong SARS-CoV outbreak (Fig. 4) . doi = 10.1017/s095026881400377x