Summary of your 'study carrel' ============================== This is a summary of your Distant Reader 'study carrel'. The Distant Reader harvested & cached your content into a collection/corpus. It then applied sets of natural language processing and text mining against the collection. The results of this process was reduced to a database file -- a 'study carrel'. The study carrel can then be queried, thus bringing light specific characteristics for your collection. These characteristics can help you summarize the collection as well as enumerate things you might want to investigate more closely. This report is a terse narrative report, and when processing is complete you will be linked to a more complete narrative report. Eric Lease Morgan Number of items in the collection; 'How big is my corpus?' ---------------------------------------------------------- 32 Average length of all items measured in words; "More or less, how big is each item?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4624 Average readability score of all items (0 = difficult; 100 = easy) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 49 Top 50 statistically significant keywords; "What is my collection about?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31 knowledge 11 COVID-19 3 social 2 student 2 model 2 graph 2 covid-19 2 Saudi 2 Jordan 2 Arabia 1 uncertainty 1 travel 1 system 1 rumor 1 resistance 1 resident 1 relation 1 process 1 practice 1 policy 1 pharmacist 1 participant 1 outsourcing 1 need 1 measure 1 information 1 infection 1 human 1 geography 1 epidemic 1 drug 1 domain 1 disease 1 change 1 base 1 action 1 Semantic 1 Scardamalia 1 SARS 1 SAINT 1 Pathfinder 1 Mizan 1 Martin 1 MERS 1 Libya 1 Layer 1 Knowledge 1 KAMI 1 Health 1 Group Top 50 lemmatized nouns; "What is discussed?" --------------------------------------------- 2077 knowledge 750 % 549 study 478 information 396 practice 353 disease 342 participant 325 score 314 student 288 system 283 model 265 attitude 262 health 261 question 246 time 241 level 240 infection 233 case 222 group 215 datum 205 process 196 response 185 measure 182 epidemic 181 survey 174 pandemic 172 analysis 171 community 169 rumor 164 research 161 network 157 patient 156 result 155 population 154 uncertainty 152 graph 146 relation 144 outbreak 140 people 138 control 136 year 134 approach 133 risk 132 respondent 131 management 124 method 124 drug 123 source 122 healthcare 121 work Top 50 proper nouns; "What are the names of persons or places?" -------------------------------------------------------------- 492 COVID-19 153 Knowledge 152 SARS 146 al 128 et 102 MERS 97 Health 90 . 75 Fig 72 CoV 69 Table 67 Saudi 64 Arabia 57 China 57 AINI 51 University 49 Group 48 IS 41 World 41 Jordan 39 KAMI 39 HCWs 38 KAP 38 Coronavirus 36 Forum 36 A 33 March 31 neurosurgery 30 CI 29 Middle 29 CAPP 28 SP 28 Organization 28 East 28 April 27 Research 27 Bangladesh 26 sha 26 Sciences 26 PPE 26 Bereiter 25 WHO 25 United 25 Ministry 25 Italy 23 Syndrome 23 Scardamalia 23 SPSS 23 SAINT 23 Disease Top 50 personal pronouns nouns; "To whom are things referred?" ------------------------------------------------------------- 544 it 477 we 291 they 116 them 114 i 63 us 43 he 33 themselves 23 you 13 she 12 one 12 itself 6 ourselves 3 myself 3 me 2 yourself 1 ya 1 ours 1 its 1 https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.26.20104497 1 him 1 her 1 's Top 50 lemmatized verbs; "What do things do?" --------------------------------------------- 5129 be 1033 have 490 use 282 base 247 do 219 show 191 provide 180 include 158 take 157 know 156 make 149 report 139 relate 135 give 124 regard 124 associate 118 identify 118 believe 116 develop 112 consider 110 propose 107 follow 104 need 102 increase 101 find 98 compare 93 require 93 conduct 90 create 84 learn 79 improve 78 see 78 describe 77 present 77 assess 75 support 73 suggest 73 prevent 72 indicate 71 work 71 generate 70 become 66 answer 63 understand 63 extract 63 evaluate 61 represent 61 focus 61 allow 60 spread Top 50 lemmatized adjectives and adverbs; "How are things described?" --------------------------------------------------------------------- 474 not 367 more 291 also 245 such 236 other 234 high 229 social 224 - 184 only 183 good 168 first 166 well 166 different 163 covid-19 160 medical 160 however 147 online 136 public 128 new 126 most 125 low 121 important 118 human 111 many 104 as 100 less 96 e.g. 95 clinical 94 then 92 specific 90 significant 88 likely 86 large 86 educational 80 several 80 global 79 therefore 76 significantly 76 main 76 key 75 local 75 correct 74 respiratory 73 non 72 poor 69 total 69 common 67 similar 66 current 65 general Top 50 lemmatized superlative adjectives; "How are things described to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 48 most 42 good 25 least 25 high 25 Most 16 low 11 large 9 late 3 early 2 strong 2 simple 2 long 2 great 2 broad 1 ϕ 1 strict 1 old Top 50 lemmatized superlative adverbs; "How do things do to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 78 most 16 least Top 50 Internet domains; "What Webbed places are alluded to in this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10 doi.org 2 www.worldometers.info 2 www.hl7.org 2 www.dovepress.com 1 www.theguardian.com 1 www.standard.co.uk 1 www.openclinical.net 1 www.brookings.edu 1 news.un.org 1 dev.openclinical.net 1 clinicaltrials.gov Top 50 URLs; "What is hyperlinked from this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------- 9 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.13.20063560 1 http://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/#countries 1 http://www.worldometers.info/ 1 http://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/30/catastrophe-sweden-coronavirusstoicism-lockdown-europe 1 http://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/northern-ireland-confirms-first-case-of-coronavirus-a4373751.html 1 http://www.openclinical.net/index.php?id=68 1 http://www.hl7.org/fhir/plandefinition.html 1 http://www.hl7.org/fhir/clinicalreasoning-knowledge-artifact-representation.html 1 http://www.dovepress.com/international-journal-of-general-medicine-journal 1 http://www.dovepress.com/ 1 http://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2020/03/27/class-and-covid-how-theless-affluent-face-double-risks/ 1 http://news.un.org/en/story/2020/04/1061322 1 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.26.20104497 1 http://dev.openclinical.net/index.php?id=69 1 http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/res Top 50 email addresses; "Who are you gonna call?" ------------------------------------------------- 1 tariq.bugadeda@gmail.com 1 muhammed.elhadi.uot@gmail.com 1 mohamed.alfssi@gmail.com 1 majdibadi3202@gmail.com 1 fatma.mousa91@gmail.com 1 belaladel94@gmail.com 1 albshrimohamed@gmail.com 1 ahmedmsherghi@gmail.com Top 50 positive assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-noun?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 % had good 5 knowledge is not 4 % have good 4 participants did not 4 participants had good 3 epidemic are more 3 knowledge is also 3 knowledge is more 3 knowledge regarding covid-19 3 measure is not 3 participants were able 3 students were least 2 % were females 2 % were males 2 % were nurses 2 % were ≤ 2 communities are also 2 covid-19 are fever 2 data are available 2 diseases are more 2 information is appropriate 2 information were more 2 knowledge is able 2 knowledge is systemic 2 model was initially 2 participants had poor 2 participants had positive 2 participants were aware 2 participants were graduate 2 participants were knowledgeable 2 practice regarding covid-19 2 questions having significantly 2 score was less 2 score was positively 2 scores were high 2 scores were low 2 scores were significantly 2 study are available 2 study was voluntary 2 system does not 2 system is capable 1 % considered death 1 % had confidence 1 % had poor 1 % had satisfactory 1 % is good 1 % is poor 1 % provided correct 1 % reported more 1 % were confident Top 50 negative assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-no|not-noun?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 measure is not perfectly 1 attitude was not as 1 attitude were not significantly 1 knowledge is not likely 1 knowledge is not necessary 1 knowledge is not sufficient 1 knowledge is not valuable 1 knowledge was not extensive 1 measure is not effective 1 measures are not necessarily 1 practices are not behaviors 1 practices is not unique 1 scores were not statistically 1 studies did not actually 1 study are not publicly 1 surveys were not feasible 1 system does not simply 1 systems are not specifically 1 time is no different A rudimentary bibliography -------------------------- id = cord-312986-nz8uc7sl author = Abou-Abbas, Linda title = Knowledge and practice of physicians during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study in Lebanon date = 2020-09-29 keywords = COVID-19; knowledge; practice summary = Data was collected through an online survey that included information on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, practice, physicians fear towards COVID-19 as well as their perceptions regarding actions/policies implemented by the Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) and their health care facilities. RESULTS: Our survey revealed that the majority of Lebanese physicians had good knowledge about the disease (89.5%) while approximately half of the respondents adopted good preventive practices (49.7%). Core dimensions and items content of these two domains were identified through a review of the published literature on Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-COV) [9] [10] [11] [12] in addition to the most recent available information on COVID-19 from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) websites up to 25th March 2020. However, a poor level of knowledge was clearly shown in response to the questions regarding the transmission of the disease (31.5%), similarly for the actions when dealing with COVID-19 cases (37.3%) and precautionary measures by health care providers (42.2%). doi = 10.1186/s12889-020-09585-6 id = cord-302384-gljfslhs author = Al-Hanawi, Mohammed K. title = Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Toward COVID-19 Among the Public in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study date = 2020-05-27 keywords = Arabia; COVID-19; Saudi; knowledge summary = title: Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Toward COVID-19 Among the Public in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study This study investigated the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the Saudi public, toward COVID-19, during the pandemic. To assess the differences in mean scores, and identify factors associated with knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward COVID-19, the data were run through univariate and multivariable regression analyses, respectively. Thus, this study aims to investigate the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of KSA residents, toward COVID-19 during the pandemic spike. To the researchers'' knowledge, this is the first study to investigate COVID-19 KAP, and associated sociodemographic characteristics among the general population of the KSA. Respondents adopted good and safe practices, as a result of Saudi Arabia''s health authorities providing education and outreach materials, to increase public understating of the disease, and influence behavioral change. Attitude and Practice (KAP) Study about Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) among Population in Saudi Arabia doi = 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00217 id = cord-320928-flsaa1wx author = Aldohyan, Meshal title = The perceived effectiveness of MERS-CoV educational programs and knowledge transfer among primary healthcare workers: a cross-sectional survey date = 2019-03-21 keywords = Arabia; MERS; Saudi; knowledge summary = This study evaluated the perceived effectiveness of MERS-CoV educational programs and knowledge transfer among primary care HCWs at a hospital in Saudi Arabia that witnessed the largest outbreak of confirmed MERS-CoV cases in this country. CONCLUSIONS: A negative perception of the effectiveness of MERS-CoV knowledge transfer was associated with poorer knowledge and was more prevalent among male HCWs, physicians/pharmacists and less experienced HCWs. Hospitals should always refer to efficient knowledge sharing and educational strategies that render beneficial outcomes to patients, HCWs, and the public community. Therefore, there was an emerging need to evaluate the perceived effectiveness of MERS-CoV educational programs and knowledge transfer from the HCW''s perspective, in a setting that witnessed the largest outbreak of confirmed MERS-CoV cases in Saudi Arabia. This explains why HCWs with less work experience (< 5 years) had significantly more negative perceptions of knowledge transfer and the perceived effectiveness of MERS-CoV educational programs. doi = 10.1186/s12879-019-3898-2 id = cord-303000-tmk2c9eh author = Alhaj, Ahmad Kh. title = Neurosurgery Residents Perspective on the COVID-19: Knowledge, Readiness, and Impact of this Pandemic. date = 2020-05-16 keywords = covid-19; knowledge; resident summary = The aim is to identify the level of knowledge, readiness, and the impact of this virus among neurosurgery residents in different programs. To our best knowledge, this is the first study regarding the readiness of neurosurgery residents towards the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact it has on their training. The aim of this study is to identify the level of knowledge, readiness, practices, as well as the impact of this virus among neurosurgery residents in various neurosurgical programs. The final section (6 items) focuses on the impact of this pandemic on the resident in terms of neurosurgical training, studying, mental health, as well as whether their social life was affected or not. Table 3 demonstrates the association of this score about the virus with gender, age, year of residency training, location of the neurosurgery program. Our study is the first regarding the readiness of neurosurgery residents towards the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact it has on their training. doi = 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.05.087 id = cord-029769-1c4wl7xy author = Amoo-Adare, Epifania Akosua title = The Art of (Un)Thinking: When Hyper Productivity Says ‘Enough!’, Is a Feast date = 2020-07-27 keywords = Ghana; knowledge; need summary = Consequently, the Ghana government is faced with the insurmountable challenge of enforcing social distancing measures and meeting daily survival needs of numerous individuals working in its informal sector 1 (Knott 2020) , all during a politically charged election year. I use the word (un)thinking-versus say, rethinking-to stress the need for moving beyond scientific approaches mired in a language of hierarchical Cartesian binaries (Functowicz and Pereira 2015) constructed between minds and bodies, culture and nature, theory and practice, physical and metaphysical, men and women, self and other, and so on-ad infinitum. This becoming needs to include the development of critical pedagogies (Darder 1992 (Darder /2009 Freire 1973; McLaren 2001 McLaren , 2007 , which enable us to teach ourselves (and others) how to transgress established knowledge boundaries and move beyond Cartesian thinking. As one example of (un)thinking, I have become entangled in an uncharted exploration of various embodied modes of un-learning, which include my continuous development of critical spatial literacy (Amoo-Adare 2013). doi = 10.1007/s42438-020-00162-z id = cord-301085-tk2vvxj7 author = Askarian, Mehrdad title = Knowledge, attitude, and practices related to standard precautions of surgeons and physicians in university-affiliated hospitals of Shiraz, Iran date = 2006-07-11 keywords = knowledge summary = title: Knowledge, attitude, and practices related to standard precautions of surgeons and physicians in university-affiliated hospitals of Shiraz, Iran Objective: To measure levels of knowledge, attitudes, and practice toward standard precautions (SP) in medical practitioners of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences affiliated hospitals in Iran. Objective: To measure levels of knowledge, attitudes, and practice toward standard precautions (SP) in medical practitioners of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences affiliated hospitals in Iran. Method: In this cross-sectional study, knowledge, attitude, and practice related to SP among four medical staff groups -surgeons, surgical residents, physicians and medical residents -were assessed using a questionnaire. Method: In this cross-sectional study, knowledge, attitude, and practice related to SP among four medical staff groups -surgeons, surgical residents, physicians and medical residents -were assessed using a questionnaire. [2] [3] [4] The purpose of our study was to measure the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice in surgeons and physicians in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences affiliated hospitals. doi = 10.1016/j.ijid.2006.01.006 id = cord-025358-nlmta9po author = Costa-Font, Joan title = Review of ‘knowledge resistance. How avoid insight from others’ by Mikael Klintman, Manchester University Press, 2019, 256 pages, Manchester, retail price 12.99£ date = 2020-04-17 keywords = knowledge; resistance summary = Mikael Klintman in this book discusses several different explanations for knowledge resistance drawing on evidence from several social sciences, and especially, on behavioral economics. Another explanation, at the core of behavioural economics, lies in the influence of ''negativity bias'' (an evolutionary tendency to pay more attention to negative information to increase our chances of survival) on our beliefs, which makes us pay more attention to the risks of certain behaviors, and resist knowledge about their associated benefits. Central to the book is the claim that when individuals differ in their cultural values, they naturally exhibit social incentives to knowledge claims. and financially, the collaboration between individuals upholding different social values and cultures, especially in the process of knowledge production.This presents a ''bigger picture'' about why, and how human beings ''resist knowledge'', and what to do about it. doi = 10.1016/j.socec.2020.101540 id = cord-333015-xgudk2h0 author = Della Polla, Giorgia title = Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices towards Infectious Diseases Related to Travel of Community Pharmacists in Italy date = 2020-03-24 keywords = knowledge; pharmacist; travel summary = Pharmacists who worked a higher number of hours per week, were more knowledgeable about the more frequent infectious diseases related to travel, believed that travel medicine was a pharmacist competency, believed that they could give advice to the public, and had received information from scientific journals and educational activities were more likely to have this positive attitude. Therefore, to enhance the existing information, the current study investigated the level of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors towards infectious diseases related to travel and their influencing factors among community pharmacists in Italy. The results of the multivariate linear regression model, built to test the variables associated with this outcome of interest, showed that pharmacists who worked a higher number of hours for week, those who had a higher level of knowledge about the more frequent infectious diseases related to travel, those who believed that travel medicine is a pharmacists'' competence, those who believed that they could give advice to the public about travel medicine, and those who had received information from scientific journals and educational activities compared with those who did not receive any information were more likely to believe that it is important to provide information to the public about travel medicine (Model 2 in Table 2 ). doi = 10.3390/ijerph17062147 id = cord-311264-zn7ydrvh author = Deurenberg-Yap, M. title = The Singaporean response to the SARS outbreak: knowledge sufficiency versus public trust date = 2005-06-17 keywords = SARS; knowledge; measure summary = In this paper, the informing seeking and processing mindset of Singaporeans during a severe outbreak situation is assessed by testing the level of knowledge on SARS and its preventive/ control measures following the earlier communication efforts and subsequent public education campaign. More than nine out of 10 respondents thought that infection control measures undertaken at hospitals were Overall, the public trust index was high at 11.4 out of a maximum score of 14, with no significant difference between gender, age groups and educational levels. First, while knowledge about infection control measures undertaken at TTSH was low (mean per cent score of 20 ± 16%), the level of confidence was high, with 82% of the respondents expressing confidence in the hospital''s ability to deal with SARS. doi = 10.1093/heapro/dai010 id = cord-312678-81gnmxbk author = Elayeh, Eman title = Before and after case reporting: A comparison of the knowledge, attitude and practices of the Jordanian population towards COVID-19 date = 2020-10-15 keywords = COVID-19; Jordan; knowledge; participant summary = Our research group initiated a study to ascertain the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of Jordanians toward COVID-19 prior to any initial case report in Jordan. Therefore, the initial aim of this study was to evaluate the overall knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of Jordanian citizens to the ongoing international situation regarding the emergence and pandemic nature of COVID-19. where N is the sample size, Zα: type one error = 1.96 when α = 5%; Zβ: type two error = 1.28 when β = 10%; Q = 1-P: expected non-prevalence; P = proportion in the population possessing the characteristic of interest (based on the estimate that 50% of the respondents knew general information about COVID-19, its routes of transmission and the main preventative measures), d = one-half of the desired interval of confidence, in this study d = 5%. doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0240780 id = cord-355850-jgcjscjq author = Elhadi, Muhammed title = Assessment of Healthcare Workers’ Levels of Preparedness and Awareness Regarding COVID-19 Infection in Low-Resource Settings date = 2020-06-18 keywords = Libya; covid-19; knowledge summary = title: Assessment of Healthcare Workers'' Levels of Preparedness and Awareness Regarding COVID-19 Infection in Low-Resource Settings Less than 7% of participants received training on how to manage COVID-19 cases, whereas 20.6% of doctors and 26.3% of nurses felt that they were personally prepared for the outbreak. The questionnaire evaluates information sources, training experience with COVID-19, diagnosis and management of COVID-19 patients, use of PPE, safety precautions, isolation procedures, measures to prevent infection, and reporting procedures. In conclusion, our study has illuminated the current level of knowledge and awareness of COVID-19 among doctors and nurses, with special consideration for those working in departments responsible for caring for COVID-19 patients. The respondents had a lower level of preparedness, which highlights the importance of education and training programs for healthcare workers, to control and prevent infection from COVID-19. doi = 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0330 id = cord-034133-tx0hciiv author = Engda, Tigist title = The contribution of medical educational system of the College of Medicine, and Health Sciences of the University of Gondar in Ethiopia on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of graduate students of Health Sciences in relation to the prevention and control of nosocomial infections during the academic year of 2018 date = 2020-10-22 keywords = Health; infection; knowledge summary = title: The contribution of medical educational system of the College of Medicine, and Health Sciences of the University of Gondar in Ethiopia on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of graduate students of Health Sciences in relation to the prevention and control of nosocomial infections during the academic year of 2018 This study aimed to assess the contribution of the medical education system on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the graduate students of health sciences about the prevention and control of nosocomial infection in the College of Medicine and Health Sciences at the University of Gondar in the Academic Year of 2018. Therefore, the current study intended to determine the impact of the medical education system on the knowledge, attitude, and practice of graduate health sciences students about the prevention and control of nosocomial infections at the University of Gondar. doi = 10.1186/s12909-020-02271-6 id = cord-330474-c6eq1djd author = Fox, J title = Rapid translation of clinical guidelines into executable knowledge: a case study of COVID‐19 and on‐line demonstration date = 2020-06-18 keywords = Pathfinder; knowledge; model summary = The initial goal is to assess whether the platform is adequate for rapidly building executable models of clinical expertise, while the longer term goal is to use the resulting COVID‐19 knowledge model as a reference and resource for medical training, research and, with partners, develop products and services for better patient care. The Polyphony project was initiated on 18 March 2020 with the following mission To create, validate, publish and maintain knowledge of best medical practice regarding the detection, diagnosis and management of COVID-19 infections, in a computer executable form. The purpose is to provide a resource for clinicians and researchers, healthcare provider organisations, technology developers and other users, to (1) develop point of care products and services which (2) embody best clinical practice in decision-making, workflow, data analysis and other "intelligent" services across the COVID patient journey. doi = 10.1002/lrh2.10236 id = cord-311220-3pn04u32 author = Gaddy, Hampton Gray title = Using local knowledge in emerging infectious disease research date = 2020-06-13 keywords = disease; knowledge summary = The best research protocol to date on predicting and preventing infectious disease emergence states that urgent research must commence to identify unknown human and animal pathogens. A study of local knowledge in Ghana about Buruli ulcers, a poorly understood, necrotic infection caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, revealed information that is likely useful for understanding the etiology and life cycle of the disease (Tschakert et al., 2016) . But, I found no studies of local health knowledge that engaged with the possibility that locally-situated communities might know of human infectious diseases, animal diseases, or zoonoses that are still unknown to science. I propose that much of this local knowledge may be useful for identifying potential EIDs. A third case study comes from camel-herding pastoralists in Somalia and Northern Kenya. Case studies show that local knowledge can be a useful source of new information about human diseases (e.g. Buruli ulcers), animal diseases (e.g. camel respiratory infections), and potential zoonoses (e.g. blackleg and heartwater). doi = 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113107 id = cord-325445-80p6wthw author = Goh, Ong Sing title = Query Based Intelligent Web Interaction with Real World Knowledge date = 2008-03-14 keywords = AINI; Layer; domain; knowledge; system summary = To overcome the above limitations, this paper proposed an integrated system comprises of an artificial intelligent conversation software robot or chatterbot, called Artificial Intelligence Natural-language Identity (hereafter, AINI), and an Automated Knowledge Extraction Agent (AKEA) for the acquisition of real world knowledge from the Internet. The aim of the project is to develop an intelligent conversation agent called AINI to answer domain specific questions as well as open-domain (or common sense) questions. The key contribution described in this paper is the integration of the common sense knowledge and domain specific knowledge in the form of a "knowledge matrix." The system is based on a layered and modular design, and the answers for the queries are searched from these modules. As shown in Fig. 1 and 2 , AINI''s domain-specific knowledge bases consist of Natural Language Corpus and Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ). doi = 10.1007/s00354-007-0031-7 id = cord-298778-wnbqqzot author = Hamza, Marwa S. title = Cross-Sectional Study on Awareness and Knowledge of COVID-19 Among Senior pharmacy Students date = 2020-06-15 keywords = COVID-19; knowledge; student summary = Therefore, in the present study we assessed pharmacy senior students'' knowledge, attitudes and practices towards the COVID-19 pandemic. The students were least informed when trying to answer questions about hyper-coagulation, as a major cause for death in patients with severe COVID-19, and about the timings on the necessity to wear masks. The assessment of students practices was performed through 4 questions (P1-P4, Fig. 2 ), that investigated their actions towards going to a crowded place, wearing masks when going out in recent days, maintaining social distance between others and if they agree that patients should disclose their exposure to COVID-19. Here, we present the results of a questionnaire study about the knowledge, attitudes and practices of Egyptian senior pharmacy students towards the COVD-19 disease. Regarding the senior students'' attitude towards COVID-19, in the present study 72% of them agreed that COVID-19 will be successfully controlled and 87% were confident that health care teams and scientists can win the fight against the coronavirus. doi = 10.1007/s10900-020-00859-z id = cord-331771-fhy98qt4 author = Huang, He title = Modeling the competitive diffusions of rumor and knowledge and the impacts on epidemic spreading date = 2021-01-01 keywords = epidemic; knowledge; rumor summary = When people have more connections in the communication-layer network, the knowledge is more likely to diffuse widely, and the rumor and epidemic can be eradicated more efficiently. Previous complex network models have found that information diffusion plays an important role in promoting the spread of self-protective measures during an epidemic [22, 23] . We adopt a two-layer network to model the processes of information diffusion (including rumor diffusion and knowledge diffusion) and epidemic spreading. In the contact-layer network, no matter whether the self-protective measure is perfectly effective or not, the threshold of epidemic outbreak increases nonlinearly with the penetration intensity of knowledge, but only if the penetration intensity of knowledge is large enough to make the knowledge widely spread. When more links are added to the communication-layer network, which allows people to receive information from more sources, knowledge is more likely to break out, and rumor and epidemic are more likely to be eradicated. doi = 10.1016/j.amc.2020.125536 id = cord-350270-rcft3xfh author = Hulme, Mike title = Social scientific knowledge in times of crisis: What climate change can learn from coronavirus (and vice versa) date = 2020-05-28 keywords = change; knowledge; social summary = title: Social scientific knowledge in times of crisis: What climate change can learn from coronavirus (and vice versa) Governments always have to weigh up different forms of knowledge and expertise, from scientific and technical knowledge to policy and political considerations. But in periods of crisis-when information is more uncertain, susceptible to rapid change and when more attention is given to decision-making processes-it becomes increasingly difficult to ensure the effectiveness of government interventions. Climate change too has seen mathematical modeling take a prime position in the search for authoritative knowledge in the context of deep uncertainty (Wynne, 2010) . Apart from offering inevitably uncertain predictions, mathematical models also obscure the social nature of the climate risk being faced (Wynne, 2010) . Social scientific knowledge deepens our understanding of how perceptions of risk, fear and trust impact on crisis mitigation. The underlying drivers of climate change are much more deeply rooted in global economic, technological, cultural and political structures than are those for COVID-19. doi = 10.1002/wcc.656 id = cord-321258-fj9nel2z author = Huynh, Giao title = Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Regarding COVID-19 Among Chronic Illness Patients at Outpatient Departments in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam date = 2020-09-14 keywords = COVID-19; knowledge summary = title: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Regarding COVID-19 Among Chronic Illness Patients at Outpatient Departments in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding COVID-19 among people with chronic diseases at the outpatient departments in Ho Chi Minh City. Education programs need to continue via television and social media and emphasize that people with chronic diseases are more likely to experience severe symptoms, including death from COVID-19. 14,15 Therefore, assessing the knowledge, attitude and practices toward COVID-19 plays an important role, especially in patients with a chronic illness, which will help to develop the effective educational interventions to ensure safe and quality care while stopping onwards viral transmission. This is the first study of its type to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of people with chronic diseases in Vietnam, and it was performed at the first stage of the pandemic. doi = 10.2147/rmhp.s268876 id = cord-315886-f4ofmdcm author = Karim, A. title = Knowledge and attitude towards COVID-19 in Bangladesh: Population-level estimation and a comparison of data obtained by phone and online survey methods date = 2020-05-26 keywords = COVID-19; knowledge summary = title: Knowledge and attitude towards COVID-19 in Bangladesh: Population-level estimation and a comparison of data obtained by phone and online survey methods However, the number of KD questions having significantly different correct response rates dropped to six when the phone survey data was adjusted to the socio-demographic characteristics of the online non-medical participant group. It is noticeable from our study that the total knowledge score did not differ significantly between the adjusted phone survey dataset and online non-medical dataset for the elderly (≥55 years), poor, and rural people. Furthermore, in our combined dataset of phone (unadjusted) and online non-medical participants, we found that higher total knowledge score was positively associated with having negative attitude towards the final control of COVID-19. doi = 10.1101/2020.05.26.20104497 id = cord-016556-tdwwu43v author = Kawtrakul, Asanee title = Semantic Tracking in Peer-to-Peer Topic Maps Management date = 2007 keywords = Semantic; information; knowledge summary = This paper presents a collaborative semantic tracking framework based on topic maps which aims to integrate and organize the data/information resources that spread throughout the Internet in the manner that makes them useful for tracking events such as natural disaster, and disease dispersion. We present the architecture we defined in order to support highly relevant semantic management and to provide adaptive services such as statistical information extraction technique for document summarization. The proposed model for extracting information from unstructured documents consists of three main components, namely Entity Recognition, Relation Extraction, and Output Generation, as illustrate in Fig. 3 . The difference between our framework and those systems is that we also emphasize on generating the semantic relations among the collected resources and organizing those information by using topic map model. A Framework of NLP based Information Tracking and related Knowledge Organizing with Topic Maps doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-75512-8_5 id = cord-302595-t6yd3znu author = Mechessa, Desalegn Feyissa title = Community’s Knowledge of COVID-19 and Its Associated Factors in Mizan-Aman Town, Southwest Ethiopia, 2020 date = 2020-08-17 keywords = COVID-19; Mizan; knowledge summary = Male gender, age above thirty-five years, lack of formal education, being farmer, daily laborer, merchant and house wife were significantly associated with poor knowledge. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the knowledge of COVID-19 and its associated factors among the community of Mizan-Aman town, southwest Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the knowledge of COVID-19 and its associated factors among the community of Mizan-Aman town, southwest Ethiopia. The findings of this study will help the responsible body organize the necessary interventional programs (education, demonstration) in order to provide up-to-date information to control COVID-19 disease. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Mizan-Aman town to assess the community''s knowledge of COVID-19. Sex (male), age (35-54 and >55 years), marital status (single), educational status (no formal education), occupational status (farmer, student, unemployed/housewife) were significantly associated with poor knowledge of COVID-19 (Table 4 ). doi = 10.2147/ijgm.s263665 id = cord-319908-10b7de22 author = Naser, Abdallah Y title = Knowledge and practices towards COVID-19 during its outbreak: a multinational cross-sectional study date = 2020-04-17 keywords = COVID-19; Jordan; knowledge summary = Method: A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted between 19th of March and 6th of April 2020 in three Middle Eastern countries (Jordan, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait) to explore the knowledge and practices of Middle Eastern population towards COVID-19. A cross-sectional study by means of online survey was conducted between 19 th of March and 06 th of April 2020 in three Arab countries (Jordan, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait) to explore the knowledge and practices of Middle Eastern population towards COVID-19. Participants'' knowledge scores significantly differed by country, age, marital status, education level, and whether they wear mask upon leaving home or not (p<0.05). Both males and females showed similar levels of knowledge about COVIDHigher COVID-19 knowledge scores were found to be significantly associated with age and educational attainment, which is in line with the study conducted in China during the COVID-19 pandemic (1). Findings of this study suggest that Middle Eastern participants are of a relatively low level of knowledge about COVID-19, particularly regarding its transmission routes. doi = 10.1101/2020.04.13.20063560 id = cord-026154-9773qanf author = Rezaei, Navid title = Image-Based World-perceiving Knowledge Graph (WpKG) with Imprecision date = 2020-05-18 keywords = graph; knowledge; relation summary = However, from the point of view of possible applications of semantically rich data formats in intelligent, real-world scenarios, there is a need for knowledge graphs that describe contextual information regarding realistic and casual relations between items in the real world. Processing an image means generating a scene graph representing relations between objects/entities present on this image. Possibilistic knowledge bases and graphs are important forms representing uncertainty of data and information [14] , and [15] . Compared to ConceptNet, which represents an example of a semi-automatic method of retrieving knowledge from text, our proposed approach can extract common-sense relations based on only observing visual data. Further, the generated WpKG is processed and multiple possibilistic graphs can be constructed based on it.It is shown that using deep learning models, we can extract common-sense situational information about objects present in visual data. doi = 10.1007/978-3-030-50146-4_31 id = cord-317900-05y9re12 author = Senanayake, Nari title = Geographies of uncertainty date = 2020-08-14 keywords = Martin; geography; human; knowledge; social; uncertainty summary = Specifically, we discuss how geographers engage with uncertainties produced through and reconfigured by some of the most formidable issues of our contemporary moment, including neoliberal transformation, disease and illness, resource conflict, global climate change, and ongoing struggles around knowledge, power, and justice. In conversation with debates in cognate fields, this special issue brings together contributions that grapple with uncertainty through key geographic concepts such as scale, power, spatiality, place, and human-environment relations. Attending to the ways that uncertainty is experienced as a spatiotemporal condition, and how it frequently compounds across scales of knowledge production, enables the special issue''s contributors to demonstrate how forms of incertitude work through geographic relationships. In doing so, this special issue develops a critical human geography of uncertainty, which not only articulates how the concept is useful for geographers, but also, argues that geography can enrich existing transdisciplinary work on the subject with its perspectives on scale, spatiality, power, place, and human-environment relations. doi = 10.1016/j.geoforum.2020.07.016 id = cord-144033-pmchx05r author = Shin, Dongmin title = SAINT+: Integrating Temporal Features for EdNet Correctness Prediction date = 2020-10-19 keywords = SAINT; knowledge summary = We propose SAINT+, a successor of SAINT which is a Transformer based knowledge tracing model that separately processes exercise information and student response information. SAINT is a Transformer [25] based knowledge tracing model that separately processes information of exercise and student response. Also, the experimental results show that incorporating the temporal features into the decoder input achieves the best AUC compared to incorporating them into the encoder input, and both the encoder and decoder input, verifying the hypothesis that separately processing exercise information and student response information is appropriate for knowledge tracing. SAINT [2] is the first Transformer based knowledge tracing model which leverages encoder-decoder architecture composed of stacked self-attention layers. In this paper, we proposed SAINT+, a Transformer based knowledge tracing model that processes exercise information and student response information separately, and integrates two temporal feature embeddings into the response embeddings: elapsed time and lag time. doi = nan id = cord-020180-fpx27v7z author = Smuts, Hanlie title = A Knowledge Asset Management Implementation Framework for Information Systems Outsourcing Projects date = 2020-03-10 keywords = KAMI; knowledge; outsourcing summary = In order to realise these performance gains, an environment for client organisation and outsource vendor knowledge integration must be created through common language and frequent interaction, consequently fostering knowledge transfer and ultimately, knowledge asset management [5, 6] . A programme director, an experienced, independent consultant, appointed by the organisation to work with both outsource vendors, systems integrator, as well as the organisation''s IS outsourcing project team members, applied the proposed KAMI framework to the project in order to establish its applicability to a real-world situation. For the strategise phase as part of the pre-contract stage, the programme director indicated that by considering an overview of the knowledge asset management principles as well as high level scope, presents great advantages. In order to assist organisations embarking on IS outsourcing to pro-actively manage their knowledge assets during the IS outsourcing project, the aim of this study was to develop a KAMI framework. doi = 10.1007/978-3-030-45002-1_23 id = cord-029672-y2ii6r3u author = Van Assche, Ari title = From the editor: COVID-19 and international business policy date = 2020-07-24 keywords = COVID-19; knowledge; policy summary = The combination of confinement and protectionist measures including export bans, import tariffs and border closures that were introduced in response to the COVID-19 pandemic affect MNEs by increasing trade costs and amplifying the costs of communicating tacit knowledge. In this editorial, we introduce the special collection by drawing the attention of JIBP readers to the impact of COVID-19-related policies that strike at the heart of MNEs -the knowledge-intensive intangibles -as their managers rush to cope with local physical distancing measures, non-essential travel restrictions and stringent immigration policies. The combination of COVID-19-related confinement and protectionist measures is effectively a policy mix that affects MNEs by (1) increasing trade costs and (2) amplifying the costs of communicating tacit knowledge (see Figure 1 ). In a third paper, Rajneesh Narula turns to the other side of these global value chains and focuses on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the informal economy in developing countries. doi = 10.1057/s42214-020-00065-7 id = cord-258125-2kkqqgop author = Wagner, Peter title = Knowing How to Act Well in Time date = 2020-08-25 keywords = COVID-19; action; knowledge; social summary = Starting out from the plurality of forms of knowledge that are mobilized to analyse COVID-19 and its consequences as well as the lack of any clearly hegemonic knowledge, the article tries to understand how a limited convergence in the politico-medical responses to the crisis emerged, and speculates on what would have happened if this had not been the case. Starting out from the plurality of forms of knowledge that are mobilized to analyse COVID-19 and its consequences as well as the lack of any clearly hegemonic knowledge, the article tries to understand how a limited convergence in the politico-medical responses to the crisis emerged, and speculates on what would have happened if this had not been the case. In turn, the critics observe a crisis-driven move to authoritarianism, to new nationalism and restrictions to movement, to technocracy with political decisions based on expertise rather than deliberation, in short, the return to disciplinary society combined with isolation of individuals and loss of sociality. doi = 10.1007/s11673-020-10018-7 id = cord-178783-894gkrsk author = Zhang, Rui title = Drug Repurposing for COVID-19 via Knowledge Graph Completion date = 2020-10-19 keywords = COVID-19; base; drug; graph; knowledge; model summary = In one early study, a virus-related knowledge graph which consists of drug-target and protein-protein interactions and similarity networks from publicly available databases (e.g., DrugBank [36] , ChEMBL [37] , BioGRID [38] ) was constructed and network-based machine learning and statistical analysis were used to predict an initial list of COVID-19 drug candidates. SemMedDB has supported a wide range of computational applications, ranging from gene regulatory network inference [76] to in silico screening for drug repurposing [55] and medical reasoning [77] , and has also found widespread use for literature-based knowledge discovery and hypothesis generation [44, 48, [78] [79] [80] . In this study, we trained our models on semantic relations extracted from publications dated 03/11/2020 or earlier and tested whether they can predict the drugs that have been proposed for COVID-19 since then or have been evaluated in clinical trials. In this study, we proposed an approach that combines literature-based discovery and knowledge graph completion for COVID-19 drug repurposing. doi = nan id = cord-103475-90k21u1w author = de Giorgio, Andrea title = Procedural knowledge and function blocks for smart process planning date = 2020-12-31 keywords = CAPP; knowledge; process summary = This paper introduces a procedural knowledge process (PKP) approach to capturing and defining unexpected events, while a process step is able to perform its required functions and transfer that information as machine-understandable knowledge about a failure mode. However, FBs are event-driven systems and the approach is limited to work under well-known runtime conditions, e.g. machine configurations and states, or deviations which are impossible to foresee in advance, for instance the outcome of a process failure mode effects analysis (PFMEA). Finally, the paper explains how PKBs can bridge a functional gap and enhance current FBs approaches by capturing human actions upon unexpected events and embed successful solutions as procedural knowledge into common FBs. A simple industrial manufacturing use case shows how an operator can stay in the loop and transfer their knowledge. doi = 10.1016/j.promfg.2020.05.148 id = cord-302305-xr067v2n author = van Aalst, Jan title = Distinguishing knowledge-sharing, knowledge-construction, and knowledge-creation discourses date = 2009-06-20 keywords = Bereiter; Forum; Group; Knowledge; Scardamalia; student summary = Knowledge construction involves a range of cognitive processes, including the use of explanation-seeking questions and problems, interpreting and evaluating new information, sharing, critiquing, and testing ideas at different levels (e.g., conjectures versus explanations that refer to concepts and/or causal mechanisms), and efforts to rise above current levels of explanation, including summarization, synthesis, and the creation of new concepts. Important progress has been made in this direction by the development of a system of principles that describe the socio-cognitive and socio-technological dynamics of knowledge creation, including collective cognitive responsibility for knowledge advancement, real ideas/authentic problems, epistemic agency, improvable ideas, rise-above, and constructive use of authoritative sources (Scardamalia 2002) . However, more work is needed to characterize the innovation ecology, such as by determining the social practices that make collaboration possible, the overall school culture, and the community''s experience at knowledge creation and its long-term goals (Bielaczyc 2006; Truong 2008) . doi = 10.1007/s11412-009-9069-5