# pos

id: cord-350270-rcft3xfh
pos: VB
token:
  https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/30/catastrophe-sweden-coronavirusstoicism-lockdown-europe

lemma:
  https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/30/catastrophe-sweden-coronavirusstoicism-lockdown-europe


id: cord-350270-rcft3xfh
pos: ADD
token:
  https://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/northern-ireland-confirms-first-case-of-coronavirus-a4373751.html

lemma:
  https://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/northern-ireland-confirms-first-case-of-coronavirus-a4373751.html


id: cord-350270-rcft3xfh
pos: NNP
token:
  https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2020/03/27/class-and-covid-how-theless-affluent-face-double-risks/

lemma:
  https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2020/03/27/class-and-covid-how-theless-affluent-face-double-risks/


# ent

id: cord-034133-tx0hciiv
type: ORG
entity:
  the Research and Ethical Review Committee of the School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences College of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Gondar


id: cord-144033-pmchx05r
type: FAC
entity:
  Machine Learning Approaches for Learning Analytics Collaborative Filtering Or Regression With Experts Creating A Neural Pedagogical Agent by Jointly Learning to Review


id: cord-302595-t6yd3znu
type: ORG
entity:
  Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Emergency Response Epidemiology Team The Epidemiological Characteristics


id: cord-302384-gljfslhs
type: DNA
entity:
  Almonawra Albaha Aljouf Quriat Aseer Bisha Eastern Region Haiel Jazan Najran Northern Borders Qaseem Riyadh


id: cord-103475-90k21u1w
type: ORG
entity:
  The Art Intense Review on Artificial Intelligence Systems Application in Process Planning and Manufacturing Process Design as Fundament in Efficient Process Planning


id: cord-103475-90k21u1w
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Knowing Two Types of Mathematical Knowledge and Their Relation The Cambridge Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning Intelligence


id: cord-103475-90k21u1w
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Declarative Procedural Model A Neurobiological Model of Language Learning Knowledge and Use What Is a Knowledge Representation Knowledge Preconditions for Actions


id: cord-320928-flsaa1wx
type: GGP
entity:
  n 21 11 2 P 0 001 Junior HCWs with work experience of 5 years 35 4 had the highest rate of negative perception of knowledge transfer P 0 001 Table 3 HCWs 40 years old PMS 73 4 18 9


# url

id: cord-350270-rcft3xfh
domain: www.brookings.edu
url:
  http://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2020/03/27/class-and-covid-how-theless-affluent-face-double-risks/


# bib

id: cord-016556-tdwwu43v
title: Semantic Tracking in Peer-to-Peer Topic Maps Management
author: Kawtrakul, Asanee
date: 2007
txt: ./txt/cord-016556-tdwwu43v.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-016556-tdwwu43v.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7120888/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-75512-8_5
summary:
  This paper presents a collaborative semantic tracking framework based on topic maps which aims to integrate and organize the data/information resources that spread throughout the Internet in the manner that makes them useful for tracking events such as natural disaster, and disease dispersion. We present the architecture we defined in order to support highly relevant semantic management and to provide adaptive services such as statistical information extraction technique for document summarization. The proposed model for extracting information from unstructured documents consists of three main components, namely Entity Recognition, Relation Extraction, and Output Generation, as illustrate in Fig. 3 . The difference between our framework and those systems is that we also emphasize on generating the semantic relations among the collected resources and organizing those information by using topic map model. A Framework of NLP based Information Tracking and related Knowledge Organizing with Topic Maps

abstract:
  This paper presents a collaborative semantic tracking framework based on topic maps which aims to integrate and organize the data/information resources that spread throughout the Internet in the manner that makes them useful for tracking events such as natural disaster, and disease dispersion. We present the architecture we defined in order to support highly relevant semantic management and to provide adaptive services such as statistical information extraction technique for document summarization. In addition, this paper also carries out a case study on disease dispersion domain using the proposed framework.


id: cord-020180-fpx27v7z
title: A Knowledge Asset Management Implementation Framework for Information Systems Outsourcing Projects
author: Smuts, Hanlie
date: 2020-03-10
txt: ./txt/cord-020180-fpx27v7z.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-020180-fpx27v7z.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7134288/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-45002-1_23
summary:
  In order to realise these performance gains, an environment for client organisation and outsource vendor knowledge integration must be created through common language and frequent interaction, consequently fostering knowledge transfer and ultimately, knowledge asset management [5, 6] . A programme director, an experienced, independent consultant, appointed by the organisation to work with both outsource vendors, systems integrator, as well as the organisation''s IS outsourcing project team members, applied the proposed KAMI framework to the project in order to establish its applicability to a real-world situation. For the strategise phase as part of the pre-contract stage, the programme director indicated that by considering an overview of the knowledge asset management principles as well as high level scope, presents great advantages. In order to assist organisations embarking on IS outsourcing to pro-actively manage their knowledge assets during the IS outsourcing project, the aim of this study was to develop a KAMI framework.

abstract:
  Organisations are increasingly outsourcing information systems (IS) to external service providers. These IS outsourcing decisions are driven by multiple organisational factors such as outsource vendor expertise and knowledge, process performance improvement due to better IS, and enabling the organisation’s ability to focus on its core capabilities. In order to harnass such vendor knowledge to achieve business outcomes, the importance of a shared knowledge asset base, between the client organisation and outsource vendor, is emphasised. However, outcomes from IS outsourcing remain poor despite consideration of experience and research. Therefore, the aim of this study is to design and propose a knowledge asset management implementation framework that may be applied in IS outsourcing projects. The proposed framework was evaluated by an experienced programme director and its applicability was tested against a large scale IS outsourcing project. The purpose of such a framework is to enable organisations to manage and institutionalise knowledge assets that are created during the IS outsourcing project and to ensure that the organisation may gain the benefit from such knowledge assets as an outcome of the IS outsourcing arrangement.


id: cord-025358-nlmta9po
author: Costa-Font, Joan
date: 2020-04-17
txt: ./txt/cord-025358-nlmta9po.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-025358-nlmta9po.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7252164/
doi: 10.1016/j.socec.2020.101540
abstract: nan
summary:
  Mikael Klintman in this book discusses several different explanations for knowledge resistance drawing on evidence from several social sciences, and especially, on behavioral economics. Another explanation, at the core of behavioural economics, lies in the influence of ''negativity bias'' (an evolutionary tendency to pay more attention to negative information to increase our chances of survival) on our beliefs, which makes us pay more attention to the risks of certain behaviors, and resist knowledge about their associated benefits. Central to the book is the claim that when individuals differ in their cultural values, they naturally exhibit social incentives to knowledge claims. and financially, the collaboration between individuals upholding different social values and cultures, especially in the process of knowledge production.This presents a ''bigger picture'' about why, and how human beings ''resist knowledge'', and what to do about it.

title:
  Review of ‘knowledge resistance. How avoid insight from others’ by Mikael Klintman, Manchester University Press, 2019, 256 pages, Manchester, retail price 12.99£


id: cord-026154-9773qanf
title: Image-Based World-perceiving Knowledge Graph (WpKG) with Imprecision
author: Rezaei, Navid
date: 2020-05-18
txt: ./txt/cord-026154-9773qanf.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-026154-9773qanf.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7274312/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-50146-4_31
summary:
  However, from the point of view of possible applications of semantically rich data formats in intelligent, real-world scenarios, there is a need for knowledge graphs that describe contextual information regarding realistic and casual relations between items in the real world. Processing an image means generating a scene graph representing relations between objects/entities present on this image. Possibilistic knowledge bases and graphs are important forms representing uncertainty of data and information [14] , and [15] . Compared to ConceptNet, which represents an example of a semi-automatic method of retrieving knowledge from text, our proposed approach can extract common-sense relations based on only observing visual data. Further, the generated WpKG is processed and multiple possibilistic graphs can be constructed based on it.It is shown that using deep learning models, we can extract common-sense situational information about objects present in visual data.

abstract:
  Knowledge graphs are a data format that enables the representation of semantics. Most of the available graphs focus on the representation of facts, their features, and relations between them. However, from the point of view of possible applications of semantically rich data formats in intelligent, real-world scenarios, there is a need for knowledge graphs that describe contextual information regarding realistic and casual relations between items in the real world. In this paper, we present a methodology of generating knowledge graphs addressing such a need. We call them World-perceiving Knowledge Graphs – WpKG. The process of their construction is based on analyzing images. We apply deep learning image processing methods to extract scene graphs. We combine these graphs, and process the obtained graph to determine importance of relations between items detected on the images. The generated WpKG is used as a basis for constructing possibility graphs. We illustrate the process and show some snippets of the generated knowledge and possibility graphs.


id: cord-029672-y2ii6r3u
title: From the editor: COVID-19 and international business policy
author: Van Assche, Ari
date: 2020-07-24
txt: ./txt/cord-029672-y2ii6r3u.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-029672-y2ii6r3u.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7378301/
doi: 10.1057/s42214-020-00065-7
summary:
  The combination of confinement and protectionist measures including export bans, import tariffs and border closures that were introduced in response to the COVID-19 pandemic affect MNEs by increasing trade costs and amplifying the costs of communicating tacit knowledge. In this editorial, we introduce the special collection by drawing the attention of JIBP readers to the impact of COVID-19-related policies that strike at the heart of MNEs -the knowledge-intensive intangibles -as their managers rush to cope with local physical distancing measures, non-essential travel restrictions and stringent immigration policies. The combination of COVID-19-related confinement and protectionist measures is effectively a policy mix that affects MNEs by (1) increasing trade costs and (2) amplifying the costs of communicating tacit knowledge (see Figure 1 ). In a third paper, Rajneesh Narula turns to the other side of these global value chains and focuses on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the informal economy in developing countries.

abstract:
  We introduce a special collection of papers on COVID-19 and international business policy that looks at the global policy challenge from different perspectives. The combination of confinement and protectionist measures including export bans, import tariffs and border closures that were introduced in response to the COVID-19 pandemic affect MNEs by increasing trade costs and amplifying the costs of communicating tacit knowledge. In this editorial, we draw specific attention to how these policies impact the heart of MNEs’ activities – the knowledge-intensive intangibles. Physical distancing limits the face-to-face meetings that undergird the production of intangibles in large urban hotspots. At the same time, travel restrictions constrain MNEs’ abilities to connect to and source knowledge from their foreign partners. Virtual conferencing has helped MNEs to cope with these challenges but it remains an imperfect substitute. A protracted public health crisis that would require limiting social interactions in the medium term might push MNEs to reconfigure their knowledge management strategies both locally and globally.


id: cord-029769-1c4wl7xy
title: The Art of (Un)Thinking: When Hyper Productivity Says ‘Enough!’, Is a Feast
author: Amoo-Adare, Epifania Akosua
date: 2020-07-27
txt: ./txt/cord-029769-1c4wl7xy.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-029769-1c4wl7xy.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7382990/
doi: 10.1007/s42438-020-00162-z
abstract: nan
summary:
  Consequently, the Ghana government is faced with the insurmountable challenge of enforcing social distancing measures and meeting daily survival needs of numerous individuals working in its informal sector 1 (Knott 2020) , all during a politically charged election year. I use the word (un)thinking-versus say, rethinking-to stress the need for moving beyond scientific approaches mired in a language of hierarchical Cartesian binaries (Functowicz and Pereira 2015) constructed between minds and bodies, culture and nature, theory and practice, physical and metaphysical, men and women, self and other, and so on-ad infinitum. This becoming needs to include the development of critical pedagogies (Darder 1992 (Darder /2009 Freire 1973; McLaren 2001 McLaren , 2007 , which enable us to teach ourselves (and others) how to transgress established knowledge boundaries and move beyond Cartesian thinking. As one example of (un)thinking, I have become entangled in an uncharted exploration of various embodied modes of un-learning, which include my continuous development of critical spatial literacy (Amoo-Adare 2013).


id: cord-034133-tx0hciiv
author: Engda, Tigist
date: 2020-10-22
txt: ./txt/cord-034133-tx0hciiv.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-034133-tx0hciiv.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7579876/
doi: 10.1186/s12909-020-02271-6
summary:
  title: The contribution of medical educational system of the College of Medicine, and Health Sciences of the University of Gondar in Ethiopia on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of graduate students of Health Sciences in relation to the prevention and control of nosocomial infections during the academic year of 2018 This study aimed to assess the contribution of the medical education system on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the graduate students of health sciences about the prevention and control of nosocomial infection in the College of Medicine and Health Sciences at the University of Gondar in the Academic Year of 2018. Therefore, the current study intended to determine the impact of the medical education system on the knowledge, attitude, and practice of graduate health sciences students about the prevention and control of nosocomial infections at the University of Gondar.

title:
  The contribution of medical educational system of the College of Medicine, and Health Sciences of the University of Gondar in Ethiopia on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of graduate students of Health Sciences in relation to the prevention and control of nosocomial infections during the academic year of 2018

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Nosocomial infection, also called a hospital-acquired infection, is an infection acquired during admitting patients in health care facilities. Nosocomial infection can be prevented and controlled by giving training to those responsible. This study aimed to assess the contribution of the medical education system on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the graduate students of health sciences about the prevention and control of nosocomial infection in the College of Medicine and Health Sciences at the University of Gondar in the Academic Year of 2018. METHOD: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among all graduate health science students posted in the different departments at the University of Gondar in the College of Medicine and Health Sciences from February to June 2018. A total of 422 study participants were included. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. RESULTS: Out of a total of 422 respondents, only 40% have taken training for infection prevention; out of which 39% had taken the training for a year ago. Moreover, only 35.5% have good knowledge of nosocomial infections as a result of the training; and only 32.5% have good understanding of the practical training given on prevention and control. Only 36% have good attitude towards its prevention and control. CONCLUSION: The result shows that only a few of the respondents have taken the infection prevention training. Yet, a smaller proportion of them had good knowledge, attitude, and practice on nosocomial infections. Hence, the Medical Education System should give more attention to the training of the nosocomial infection control by developing different strategies to prepare the students on these issues before they start their clinical attachment.


id: cord-103475-90k21u1w
title: Procedural knowledge and function blocks for smart process planning
author: de Giorgio, Andrea
date: 2020-12-31
txt: ./txt/cord-103475-90k21u1w.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-103475-90k21u1w.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2351978920316000
doi: 10.1016/j.promfg.2020.05.148
summary:
  This paper introduces a procedural knowledge process (PKP) approach to capturing and defining unexpected events, while a process step is able to perform its required functions and transfer that information as machine-understandable knowledge about a failure mode. However, FBs are event-driven systems and the approach is limited to work under well-known runtime conditions, e.g. machine configurations and states, or deviations which are impossible to foresee in advance, for instance the outcome of a process failure mode effects analysis (PFMEA). Finally, the paper explains how PKBs can bridge a functional gap and enhance current FBs approaches by capturing human actions upon unexpected events and embed successful solutions as procedural knowledge into common FBs. A simple industrial manufacturing use case shows how an operator can stay in the loop and transfer their knowledge.

abstract:
  Abstract In the age of digital manufacturing there is a need to elicit and transfer procedural knowledge between humans and machines. Having proper knowledge is essential in decision-making. The more the knowledge, the better decisions are made. To capture experiences and turn them into knowledge is fundamental in learning processes and knowledge development. Knowledge engineering and knowledge management have been subject for research for decades and several concepts about knowledge and knowledge transfer have been introduced, but a functional approach to exploit knowledge efficiently in manufacturing is still missing. In the era of Industry 4.0, humans and machines must be able to collaborate in such way that both can exploit the best abilities of each other in a manufacturing process. This paper introduces a procedural knowledge process (PKP) approach to capturing and defining unexpected events, while a process step is able to perform its required functions and transfer that information as machine-understandable knowledge about a failure mode. Function blocks (FBs), as per the IEC-61499 standard, have been proposed as a way to achieve distributed process planning in which the manufacturing process can adapt itself to runtime conditions, e.g. machine availability, etc. However, FBs are event-driven systems and the approach is limited to work under well-known runtime conditions, e.g. machine configurations and states, or deviations which are impossible to foresee in advance, for instance the outcome of a process failure mode effects analysis (PFMEA). The PKP introduced in this paper, aims at bridging this gap by integrating at runtime an expert operator’s solution based on root cause analysis (RCA) in an FB architecture, making the FB knowledge-driven systems, for further executions of the same without redesigning it. Natural language representations of procedural knowledge blocks (PKBs) allow to transfer procedural knowledge to human operators, i.e. explain the process flow of a machine decision, while machine representations of PKBs allow to embed procedural knowledge that is elicited from expert operators upon unexpected events into the FBs process. The resulting PKP enhances the FBs for smart industrial applications, such as the process planning use case described in this paper.


id: cord-144033-pmchx05r
title: SAINT+: Integrating Temporal Features for EdNet Correctness Prediction
author: Shin, Dongmin
date: 2020-10-19
txt: ./txt/cord-144033-pmchx05r.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-144033-pmchx05r.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.12042v1.pdf
doi: nan
summary:
  We propose SAINT+, a successor of SAINT which is a Transformer based knowledge tracing model that separately processes exercise information and student response information. SAINT is a Transformer [25] based knowledge tracing model that separately processes information of exercise and student response. Also, the experimental results show that incorporating the temporal features into the decoder input achieves the best AUC compared to incorporating them into the encoder input, and both the encoder and decoder input, verifying the hypothesis that separately processing exercise information and student response information is appropriate for knowledge tracing. SAINT [2] is the first Transformer based knowledge tracing model which leverages encoder-decoder architecture composed of stacked self-attention layers. In this paper, we proposed SAINT+, a Transformer based knowledge tracing model that processes exercise information and student response information separately, and integrates two temporal feature embeddings into the response embeddings: elapsed time and lag time.

abstract:
  We propose SAINT+, a successor of SAINT which is a Transformer based knowledge tracing model that separately processes exercise information and student response information. Following the architecture of SAINT, SAINT+ has an encoder-decoder structure where the encoder applies self-attention layers to a stream of exercise embeddings, and the decoder alternately applies self-attention layers and encoder-decoder attention layers to streams of response embeddings and encoder output. Moreover, SAINT+ incorporates two temporal feature embeddings into the response embeddings: elapsed time, the time taken for a student to answer, and lag time, the time interval between adjacent learning activities. We empirically evaluate the effectiveness of SAINT+ on EdNet, the largest publicly available benchmark dataset in the education domain. Experimental results show that SAINT+ achieves state-of-the-art performance in knowledge tracing with an improvement of 1.25% in area under receiver operating characteristic curve compared to SAINT, the current state-of-the-art model in EdNet dataset.


id: cord-178783-894gkrsk
title: Drug Repurposing for COVID-19 via Knowledge Graph Completion
author: Zhang, Rui
date: 2020-10-19
txt: ./txt/cord-178783-894gkrsk.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-178783-894gkrsk.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.09600v1.pdf
doi: nan
summary:
  In one early study, a virus-related knowledge graph which consists of drug-target and protein-protein interactions and similarity networks from publicly available databases (e.g., DrugBank [36] , ChEMBL [37] , BioGRID [38] ) was constructed and network-based machine learning and statistical analysis were used to predict an initial list of COVID-19 drug candidates. SemMedDB has supported a wide range of computational applications, ranging from gene regulatory network inference [76] to in silico screening for drug repurposing [55] and medical reasoning [77] , and has also found widespread use for literature-based knowledge discovery and hypothesis generation [44, 48, [78] [79] [80] . In this study, we trained our models on semantic relations extracted from publications dated 03/11/2020 or earlier and tested whether they can predict the drugs that have been proposed for COVID-19 since then or have been evaluated in clinical trials. In this study, we proposed an approach that combines literature-based discovery and knowledge graph completion for COVID-19 drug repurposing.

abstract:
  Objective: To discover candidate drugs to repurpose for COVID-19 using literature-derived knowledge and knowledge graph completion methods. Methods: We propose a novel, integrative, and neural network-based literature-based discovery (LBD) approach to identify drug candidates from both PubMed and COVID-19-focused research literature. Our approach relies on semantic triples extracted using SemRep (via SemMedDB). We identified an informative subset of semantic triples using filtering rules and an accuracy classifier developed on a BERT variant, and used this subset to construct a knowledge graph. Five SOTA, neural knowledge graph completion algorithms were used to predict drug repurposing candidates. The models were trained and assessed using a time slicing approach and the predicted drugs were compared with a list of drugs reported in the literature and evaluated in clinical trials. These models were complemented by a discovery pattern-based approach. Results: Accuracy classifier based on PubMedBERT achieved the best performance (F1= 0.854) in classifying semantic predications. Among five knowledge graph completion models, TransE outperformed others (MR = 0.923, Hits@1=0.417). Some known drugs linked to COVID-19 in the literature were identified, as well as some candidate drugs that have not yet been studied. Discovery patterns enabled generation of plausible hypotheses regarding the relationships between the candidate drugs and COVID-19. Among them, five highly ranked and novel drugs (paclitaxel, SB 203580, alpha 2-antiplasmin, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, and butylated hydroxytoluene) with their mechanistic explanations were further discussed. Conclusion: We show that an LBD approach can be feasible for discovering drug candidates for COVID-19, and for generating mechanistic explanations. Our approach can be generalized to other diseases as well as to other clinical questions.


id: cord-258125-2kkqqgop
title: Knowing How to Act Well in Time
author: Wagner, Peter
date: 2020-08-25
txt: ./txt/cord-258125-2kkqqgop.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-258125-2kkqqgop.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32840843/
doi: 10.1007/s11673-020-10018-7
summary:
  Starting out from the plurality of forms of knowledge that are mobilized to analyse COVID-19 and its consequences as well as the lack of any clearly hegemonic knowledge, the article tries to understand how a limited convergence in the politico-medical responses to the crisis emerged, and speculates on what would have happened if this had not been the case. Starting out from the plurality of forms of knowledge that are mobilized to analyse COVID-19 and its consequences as well as the lack of any clearly hegemonic knowledge, the article tries to understand how a limited convergence in the politico-medical responses to the crisis emerged, and speculates on what would have happened if this had not been the case. In turn, the critics observe a crisis-driven move to authoritarianism, to new nationalism and restrictions to movement, to technocracy with political decisions based on expertise rather than deliberation, in short, the return to disciplinary society combined with isolation of individuals and loss of sociality.

abstract:
  Numerous scholars in the social sciences and humanities have speedily analysed and interpreted the COVID-19-induced social and political crisis. While the commitment to address an urgent topic is to be appreciated, this article suggests that the combination of confidence in the applicability of one’s tools and belief in the certainty of the available knowledge can be counter-productive in the face of a phenomenon that in significant respects is unprecedented. Starting out from the plurality of forms of knowledge that are mobilized to analyse COVID-19 and its consequences as well as the lack of any clearly hegemonic knowledge, the article tries to understand how a limited convergence in the politico-medical responses to the crisis emerged, and speculates on what would have happened if this had not been the case. In conclusion, it is argued that this pandemic demands a greater awareness of the uncertainty of our knowledge and of the consequences of our actions, both in terms of being situated in time and of aiming at timeliness.


id: cord-298778-wnbqqzot
title: Cross-Sectional Study on Awareness and Knowledge of COVID-19 Among Senior pharmacy Students
author: Hamza, Marwa S.
date: 2020-06-15
txt: ./txt/cord-298778-wnbqqzot.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-298778-wnbqqzot.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32542552/
doi: 10.1007/s10900-020-00859-z
summary:
  Therefore, in the present study we assessed pharmacy senior students'' knowledge, attitudes and practices towards the COVID-19 pandemic. The students were least informed when trying to answer questions about hyper-coagulation, as a major cause for death in patients with severe COVID-19, and about the timings on the necessity to wear masks. The assessment of students practices was performed through 4 questions (P1-P4, Fig. 2 ), that investigated their actions towards going to a crowded place, wearing masks when going out in recent days, maintaining social distance between others and if they agree that patients should disclose their exposure to COVID-19. Here, we present the results of a questionnaire study about the knowledge, attitudes and practices of Egyptian senior pharmacy students towards the COVD-19 disease. Regarding the senior students'' attitude towards COVID-19, in the present study 72% of them agreed that COVID-19 will be successfully controlled and 87% were confident that health care teams and scientists can win the fight against the coronavirus.

abstract:
  Extraordinary actions have been implemented in an effort to control the rapid spread of the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic in Egypt. People’s adherence to control measures is influenced by their knowledge, attitudes and practices towards the disease. Therefore, in the present study we assessed pharmacy senior students’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards the COVID-19 pandemic. An online questionnaire was created and it consisted of 12 questions testing their knowledge about COVID-19 clinical characteristics, transmission routes and prevention and control steps. Among senior pharmacy students (n = 238), 70% were females and 63% were living in greater Cairo. Their main source of information included social media (70%), published articles (48%) and television (48%). The overall correct knowledge score was 83%. Most of the students displayed a good COVID-19 knowledge level (72.5% of the students). The students were least informed when trying to answer questions about hyper-coagulation, as a major cause for death in patients with severe COVID-19, and about the timings on the necessity to wear masks. Assessment of students’ attitudes and practices towards COVID-19 reflected that 87% of them were confident that health care teams and scientists could win the fight against the virus. In addition, 72% of students agreed that COVID-19 will be controlled successfully. The greater the students’ knowledge, the more confident they felt that COVID-19 will be controlled successfully (OR 2.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–4.72). Good behavioral practice towards COVID-19 control was confirmed when 87% of students answered that they didn’t go out to any crowded place. Females were 3.6 times (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–3.11) more likely to avoid going out than males. Bad behavioral practice became evident when approximately 50% of students admitted that they did not wear masks when they left their house. Therefore, more efforts should be taken to protect future pharmacists from this pandemic.


id: cord-301085-tk2vvxj7
author: Askarian, Mehrdad
date: 2006-07-11
txt: ./txt/cord-301085-tk2vvxj7.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-301085-tk2vvxj7.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16837226/
doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2006.01.006
summary:
  title: Knowledge, attitude, and practices related to standard precautions of surgeons and physicians in university-affiliated hospitals of Shiraz, Iran Objective: To measure levels of knowledge, attitudes, and practice toward standard precautions (SP) in medical practitioners of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences affiliated hospitals in Iran. Objective: To measure levels of knowledge, attitudes, and practice toward standard precautions (SP) in medical practitioners of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences affiliated hospitals in Iran. Method: In this cross-sectional study, knowledge, attitude, and practice related to SP among four medical staff groups -surgeons, surgical residents, physicians and medical residents -were assessed using a questionnaire. Method: In this cross-sectional study, knowledge, attitude, and practice related to SP among four medical staff groups -surgeons, surgical residents, physicians and medical residents -were assessed using a questionnaire. [2] [3] [4] The purpose of our study was to measure the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice in surgeons and physicians in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences affiliated hospitals.

title:
  Knowledge, attitude, and practices related to standard precautions of surgeons and physicians in university-affiliated hospitals of Shiraz, Iran

abstract:
  OBJECTIVE: To measure levels of knowledge, attitudes, and practice toward standard precautions (SP) in medical practitioners of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences affiliated hospitals in Iran. METHOD: In this cross-sectional study, knowledge, attitude, and practice related to SP among four medical staff groups – surgeons, surgical residents, physicians and medical residents – were assessed using a questionnaire. RESULTS: Across the four medical staffing groups the median levels of knowledge ranged from 6 to 7 (maximum score 9), median attitude scores were high ranging from 35 to 36 (maximum score 45), while median practice scores were low, ranging from 2 to 3 (maximum score 9). A moderate relationship between knowledge and attitudes was found in surgical residents and medical residents (r = 0.397, p = 0.030 and r = 0.554, p = 0.006, respectively). No significant correlation was found between knowledge and practice between the groups. A significant but poor (r = 0.399, p = 0.029) relationship between attitude and practice was found in surgical residents. CONCLUSION: Specific training programs may have to target newly graduated medical practitioners to establish acceptance of appropriate practices that will enable them to adopt and adhere to SP while their older counterparts may require more intense continuous assistance.


id: cord-302305-xr067v2n
title: Distinguishing knowledge-sharing, knowledge-construction, and knowledge-creation discourses
author: van Aalst, Jan
date: 2009-06-20
txt: ./txt/cord-302305-xr067v2n.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-302305-xr067v2n.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11412-009-9069-5
doi: 10.1007/s11412-009-9069-5
summary:
  Knowledge construction involves a range of cognitive processes, including the use of explanation-seeking questions and problems, interpreting and evaluating new information, sharing, critiquing, and testing ideas at different levels (e.g., conjectures versus explanations that refer to concepts and/or causal mechanisms), and efforts to rise above current levels of explanation, including summarization, synthesis, and the creation of new concepts. Important progress has been made in this direction by the development of a system of principles that describe the socio-cognitive and socio-technological dynamics of knowledge creation, including collective cognitive responsibility for knowledge advancement, real ideas/authentic problems, epistemic agency, improvable ideas, rise-above, and constructive use of authoritative sources (Scardamalia 2002) . However, more work is needed to characterize the innovation ecology, such as by determining the social practices that make collaboration possible, the overall school culture, and the community''s experience at knowledge creation and its long-term goals (Bielaczyc 2006; Truong 2008) .

abstract:
  The study reported here sought to obtain the clear articulation of asynchronous computer-mediated discourse needed for Carl Bereiter and Marlene Scardamalia’s knowledge-creation model. Distinctions were set up between three modes of discourse: knowledge sharing, knowledge construction, and knowledge creation. These were applied to the asynchronous online discourses of four groups of secondary school students (40 students in total) who studied aspects of an outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and related topics. The participants completed a pretest of relevant knowledge and a collaborative summary note in Knowledge Forum, in which they self-assessed their collective knowledge advances. A coding scheme was then developed and applied to the group discourses to obtain a possible explanation of the between-group differences in the performance of the summary notes and examine the discourses as examples of the three modes. The findings indicate that the group with the best summary note was involved in a threshold knowledge-creation discourse. Of the other groups, one engaged in a knowledge-sharing discourse and the discourses of other two groups were hybrids of all three modes. Several strategies for cultivating knowledge-creation discourse are proposed.


id: cord-302384-gljfslhs
author: Al-Hanawi, Mohammed K.
date: 2020-05-27
txt: ./txt/cord-302384-gljfslhs.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-302384-gljfslhs.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00217
doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00217
summary:
  title: Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Toward COVID-19 Among the Public in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study This study investigated the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the Saudi public, toward COVID-19, during the pandemic. To assess the differences in mean scores, and identify factors associated with knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward COVID-19, the data were run through univariate and multivariable regression analyses, respectively. Thus, this study aims to investigate the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of KSA residents, toward COVID-19 during the pandemic spike. To the researchers'' knowledge, this is the first study to investigate COVID-19 KAP, and associated sociodemographic characteristics among the general population of the KSA. Respondents adopted good and safe practices, as a result of Saudi Arabia''s health authorities providing education and outreach materials, to increase public understating of the disease, and influence behavioral change. Attitude and Practice (KAP) Study about Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) among Population in Saudi Arabia

title:
  Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Toward COVID-19 Among the Public in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

abstract:
  Background: Saudi Arabia has taken unprecedented and stringent preventive and precautionary measures against COVID-19 to control its spread, safeguard citizens and ensure their well-being. Public adherence to preventive measures is influenced by their knowledge and attitude toward COVID-19. This study investigated the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the Saudi public, toward COVID-19, during the pandemic. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, using data collected via an online self-reported questionnaire, from 3,388 participants. To assess the differences in mean scores, and identify factors associated with knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward COVID-19, the data were run through univariate and multivariable regression analyses, respectively. Results: The majority of the study participants were knowledgeable about COVID-19. The mean COVID-19 knowledge score was 17.96 (SD = 2.24, range: 3–22), indicating a high level of knowledge. The mean score for attitude was 28.23 (SD = 2.76, range: 6–30), indicating optimistic attitudes. The mean score for practices was 4.34 (SD = 0.87, range: 0–5), indicating good practices. However, the results showed that men have less knowledge, less optimistic attitudes, and less good practice toward COVID-19, than women. We also found that older adults are likely to have better knowledge and practices, than younger people. Conclusions: Our finding suggests that targeted health education interventions should be directed to this particular vulnerable population, who may be at increased risk of contracting COVID-19. For example, COVID-19 knowledge may increase significantly if health education programs are specifically targeted at men.


id: cord-302595-t6yd3znu
author: Mechessa, Desalegn Feyissa
date: 2020-08-17
txt: ./txt/cord-302595-t6yd3znu.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-302595-t6yd3znu.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.2147/ijgm.s263665
doi: 10.2147/ijgm.s263665
summary:
  Male gender, age above thirty-five years, lack of formal education, being farmer, daily laborer, merchant and house wife were significantly associated with poor knowledge. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the knowledge of COVID-19 and its associated factors among the community of Mizan-Aman town, southwest Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the knowledge of COVID-19 and its associated factors among the community of Mizan-Aman town, southwest Ethiopia. The findings of this study will help the responsible body organize the necessary interventional programs (education, demonstration) in order to provide up-to-date information to control COVID-19 disease. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Mizan-Aman town to assess the community''s knowledge of COVID-19. Sex (male), age (35-54 and >55 years), marital status (single), educational status (no formal education), occupational status (farmer, student, unemployed/housewife) were significantly associated with poor knowledge of COVID-19 (Table 4 ).

title:
  Community’s Knowledge of COVID-19 and Its Associated Factors in Mizan-Aman Town, Southwest Ethiopia, 2020

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Coronaviruses are a large group of viruses that are common throughout the community. They are associated with mortality, hospitalization, substantial extra costs and lower patient’s quality of life. Thus, this study aimed to assess the community’s knowledge of COVID-19 and associated factors in Mizan-Aman town, southwest Ethiopia. METHODS: Community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among the community of Mizan-Aman from April 14 to May 14, 2020. A systematic sampling technique was used to collect data from selected households. Data were entered into Epi data version 4.0.2.101 and then exported to SPSS version 24.0 for analysis. To identify the predictors of knowledge of COVID-19, multiple backward logistic regression analysis was used. To show the accuracy of data analysis, 95% CI was used, and statistical significance was considered at p <0.05. RESULTS: From 423 sampled population, 393 (92.9%) of them responded to the questionnaire. Of these, 233 (59.3%) were male, 225 (57.3%) were 18–34 years old, and 250 (63.6%) were married. The overall correct rate of the knowledge questionnaire was 74.75%. More than 85% of respondents were well aware of the main clinical symptoms of COVID-19, its transmission by close contact, its prevention by not going to crowded places and isolation of infected persons. Male gender (AOR=3.74, CI: 1.87–7.49), age (35–54 years) (AOR=3.81, CI: 1.35–10.70), age ≥55 (AOR=2.97, CI: 1.16–7.62), lack of formal education (AOR=6.0, CI: 1.54–23.40), farmer (AOR=8.72, CI: 2.08–35.53), daily laborer (AOR=7.57, CI: 2.28–25.15), merchant (AOR=6.34, CI: 2.06–19.43), house wife (AOR=11.59, CI: 2.91–46.23) were significantly associated with poor knowledge, whereas single marital status was less likely associated with poor knowledge of COVID-19. CONCLUSION: One-third of the study participants had poor knowledge regarding COVID-19. Male gender, age above thirty-five years, lack of formal education, being farmer, daily laborer, merchant and house wife were significantly associated with poor knowledge. Therefore, awareness creation should be given.


id: cord-303000-tmk2c9eh
author: Alhaj, Ahmad Kh.
date: 2020-05-16
txt: ./txt/cord-303000-tmk2c9eh.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-303000-tmk2c9eh.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1878875020310585
doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.05.087
summary:
  The aim is to identify the level of knowledge, readiness, and the impact of this virus among neurosurgery residents in different programs. To our best knowledge, this is the first study regarding the readiness of neurosurgery residents towards the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact it has on their training. The aim of this study is to identify the level of knowledge, readiness, practices, as well as the impact of this virus among neurosurgery residents in various neurosurgical programs. The final section (6 items) focuses on the impact of this pandemic on the resident in terms of neurosurgical training, studying, mental health, as well as whether their social life was affected or not. Table 3 demonstrates the association of this score about the virus with gender, age, year of residency training, location of the neurosurgery program. Our study is the first regarding the readiness of neurosurgery residents towards the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact it has on their training.

title:
  Neurosurgery Residents Perspective on the COVID-19: Knowledge, Readiness, and Impact of this Pandemic.

abstract:
  Abstract Background The novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a life-threatening illness, which represents a challenge to all the health-care workers. Neurosurgeons around the world are being affected in different ways. Objectives This is the first study regarding the readiness of neurosurgery residents towards the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact. The aim is to identify the level of knowledge, readiness, and the impact of this virus among neurosurgery residents in different programs. Methods A cross-sectional analysis in which 52 neurosurgery residents from different centers were selected to complete a questionnaire-based survey. The questionnaire comprised of three sections and 27 questions that ranged from knowledge to impact of the current pandemic on various features. Results The median knowledge score was 4 out of 5. The proportion of participants with satisfactory knowledge level was 60%. There was a statistically significant difference between the knowledge score and location of the program. Around 48% of the neurosurgery residents dealt directly with COVID-19 patients. Receiving a session about personal protective equipment (PPE) was reported by 57.7%. The neurosurgery training at the hospital was affected. About 90% believed that this pandemic influenced their mental health. Conclusion Neurosurgery residents have a relatively good knowledge about COVID-19. The location of the program was associated with knowledge level. Most of the participants did not receive a sufficient training about PPE. Almost all responders agree that their training at the hospital was affected. Further studies are needed to study the impact of this pandemic on neurosurgery residents.


id: cord-311220-3pn04u32
title: Using local knowledge in emerging infectious disease research
author: Gaddy, Hampton Gray
date: 2020-06-13
txt: ./txt/cord-311220-3pn04u32.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-311220-3pn04u32.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953620303269?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113107
summary:
  The best research protocol to date on predicting and preventing infectious disease emergence states that urgent research must commence to identify unknown human and animal pathogens. A study of local knowledge in Ghana about Buruli ulcers, a poorly understood, necrotic infection caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, revealed information that is likely useful for understanding the etiology and life cycle of the disease (Tschakert et al., 2016) . But, I found no studies of local health knowledge that engaged with the possibility that locally-situated communities might know of human infectious diseases, animal diseases, or zoonoses that are still unknown to science. I propose that much of this local knowledge may be useful for identifying potential EIDs. A third case study comes from camel-herding pastoralists in Somalia and Northern Kenya. Case studies show that local knowledge can be a useful source of new information about human diseases (e.g. Buruli ulcers), animal diseases (e.g. camel respiratory infections), and potential zoonoses (e.g. blackleg and heartwater).

abstract:
  Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are a growing global health threat. The best research protocol to date on predicting and preventing infectious disease emergence states that urgent research must commence to identify unknown human and animal pathogens. This short communication proposes that the ethnobiological knowledge of indigenous and impoverished communities can be a source of information about some of those unknown pathogens. I present the ecological and anthropological theory behind this proposal, as well as a few case studies that serve as a limited proof of concept. This paper also serves as a call to arms for the medical anthropology community. It gives a brief primer on the EID crisis and how anthropology research may be vital to limiting its havoc on global health. Local knowledge is not likely to play a major role in EID research initiatives, but the use of the incorporation of EID awareness into standard medical anthropological practice would have myriad benefits, even if no EIDs were discovered this way.


id: cord-311264-zn7ydrvh
title: The Singaporean response to the SARS outbreak: knowledge sufficiency versus public trust
author: Deurenberg-Yap, M.
date: 2005-06-17
txt: ./txt/cord-311264-zn7ydrvh.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-311264-zn7ydrvh.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15964886/
doi: 10.1093/heapro/dai010
summary:
  In this paper, the informing seeking and processing mindset of Singaporeans during a severe outbreak situation is assessed by testing the level of knowledge on SARS and its preventive/ control measures following the earlier communication efforts and subsequent public education campaign. More than nine out of 10 respondents thought that infection control measures undertaken at hospitals were Overall, the public trust index was high at 11.4 out of a maximum score of 14, with no significant difference between gender, age groups and educational levels. First, while knowledge about infection control measures undertaken at TTSH was low (mean per cent score of 20 ± 16%), the level of confidence was high, with 82% of the respondents expressing confidence in the hospital''s ability to deal with SARS.

abstract:
  During the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Singapore from 1 March to 11 May 2003, various national prevention and control measures were undertaken to control and eliminate the transmission of the infection. During the initial period of the epidemic, public communication was effected through press releases and media coverage of the epidemic. About a month into the epidemic, a public education campaign was mounted to educate Singaporeans on SARS and adoption of appropriate behaviours to prevent the spread of the disease. A survey was conducted in late April 2003 to assess Singaporeans' knowledge about SARS and infection control measures, and their concerns and anxiety in relation to the outbreak. The survey also sought to assess their confidence in the ability of various institutions to deal with SARS and their opinion on the seemingly tough measures enforced. The study involved 853 adults selected from a telephone-sampling frame. Stratified sampling was used to ensure adequate representation from major ethnic groups and age groups. The study showed that the overall knowledge about SARS and control measures undertaken was low (mean per cent score of 24.5 ± 8.9%). While 82% of respondents expressed confidence in measures undertaken by Tan Tock Seng Hospital (the hospital designated to manage SARS), only 36% had confidence in nursing homes. However, >80% of the public agreed that the preventive and control measures instituted were appropriate. Despite the low knowledge score, the overall mean satisfaction score of the government's response to SARS was 4.47 (out of possible highest score of 5.00), with >93% of adult Singaporeans indicating that they were satisfied or very satisfied with the government's response to SARS. Generally, Singaporeans had a high level of public trust (satisfaction with government, confidence in institutions, deeming government measures appropriate), scoring 11.4 out of possible maximum of 14. The disparity between low knowledge on the one hand and high confidence and trust in the actions of the government on the other suggests that Singaporeans do not require high knowledge sufficiency to be confident in measures undertaken by the government to control the SARS crisis.


id: cord-312678-81gnmxbk
author: Elayeh, Eman
date: 2020-10-15
txt: ./txt/cord-312678-81gnmxbk.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-312678-81gnmxbk.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240780
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240780
summary:
  Our research group initiated a study to ascertain the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of Jordanians toward COVID-19 prior to any initial case report in Jordan. Therefore, the initial aim of this study was to evaluate the overall knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of Jordanian citizens to the ongoing international situation regarding the emergence and pandemic nature of COVID-19. where N is the sample size, Zα: type one error = 1.96 when α = 5%; Zβ: type two error = 1.28 when β = 10%; Q = 1-P: expected non-prevalence; P = proportion in the population possessing the characteristic of interest (based on the estimate that 50% of the respondents knew general information about COVID-19, its routes of transmission and the main preventative measures), d = one-half of the desired interval of confidence, in this study d = 5%.

title:
  Before and after case reporting: A comparison of the knowledge, attitude and practices of the Jordanian population towards COVID-19

abstract:
  Coronavirus disease- 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging contagious infectious disease. It is pandemic and has affected more than 21 million people and resulted in more than 750,000 deaths worldwide (https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/#countries; 14/08/20). Our research group initiated a study to ascertain the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of Jordanians toward COVID-19 prior to any initial case report in Jordan. This project was underway when the first Jordanian case was reported. We extended our study to identify how case reporting would alter public KAP towards COVID-19. This cross-sectional study randomly selected and recruited 2104 Jordanian adults. A four-section questionnaire was devised to address the sociodemographic characteristics of the subjects and their KAP toward COVID-19. The mean knowledge score for the study population was 15.9 ± 2.2 (out of the 20 knowledge questions), with 60.9% of the participants having good knowledge about COVID-19. Participants’ practices to prevent transmission of COVID-19 were adequate in more than 60% of participants. Most participants had positive attitudes regarding their role in preventing COVID-19 and many of the participants’ attitudes and practices changed to more appropriate ones after reporting the first case of COVID-19 in Jordan. The percentage of participants who trust the government in confronting COVID-19 increased significantly (p value < 0.001). However, one alarming and unexpected finding was that the prevention practice score of participants working in the medical field was similar to those from the general population. This may necessitate stricter training and guidelines for this group who will be in the frontline in combating the disease. Impact of this study: The data generated from this study shows that when cases of disease were reported, the public’s attitudes and practices improved in many aspects, and that confidence in the government to contain the disease was boosted. We believe that this study is important in allowing other, international governments to develop an understanding of public KAP during pandemic disease outbreaks.


id: cord-312986-nz8uc7sl
title: Knowledge and practice of physicians during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study in Lebanon
author: Abou-Abbas, Linda
date: 2020-09-29
txt: ./txt/cord-312986-nz8uc7sl.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-312986-nz8uc7sl.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32993603/
doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-09585-6
summary:
  Data was collected through an online survey that included information on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, practice, physicians fear towards COVID-19 as well as their perceptions regarding actions/policies implemented by the Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) and their health care facilities. RESULTS: Our survey revealed that the majority of Lebanese physicians had good knowledge about the disease (89.5%) while approximately half of the respondents adopted good preventive practices (49.7%). Core dimensions and items content of these two domains were identified through a review of the published literature on Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-COV) [9] [10] [11] [12] in addition to the most recent available information on COVID-19 from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) websites up to 25th March 2020. However, a poor level of knowledge was clearly shown in response to the questions regarding the transmission of the disease (31.5%), similarly for the actions when dealing with COVID-19 cases (37.3%) and precautionary measures by health care providers (42.2%).

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: As the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to evolve, physicians must be equipped with adequate knowledge, skills on the prevention measures, and confidence in diagnosing and treating COVID-19 patients. Therefore, it is of great interest to assess the knowledge and practices of Physicians to identify existing gaps and improve occupational safety and viral surveillance. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Lebanon between 28th March and 11th April 2020. Data was collected through an online survey that included information on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, practice, physicians fear towards COVID-19 as well as their perceptions regarding actions/policies implemented by the Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) and their health care facilities. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify the factors associated with good knowledge of COVID-19 and good practice toward its prevention. Adjusted odds ratio and their 95% confidence intervals were reported. RESULTS: Our survey revealed that the majority of Lebanese physicians had good knowledge about the disease (89.5%) while approximately half of the respondents adopted good preventive practices (49.7%). The odds of having good knowledge was 2.16 times higher among physicians aged 40 and above (adjusted OR = 2.16 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.08 to 4.34) compared to their counterparts aged less than 40 years old. Our results also showed that the odds of good practice was 2 times higher among frontline compared to the second line workers (adjusted OR = 2.01 with 95% CI of 1.21 to 3.34). Physicians with an experience of 10 years and above were 3.35 times more likely to have good practice compared to their counterparts (adjusted OR = 3.35 with 95% CI of 1.60 to 7.02). Finally, participants with good knowledge of COVID-19 were 2.04 times more likely to have a good practice (OR = 2.04 with 95% CI of 1.01 to 4.12). CONCLUSION: Lebanese physicians revealed a good level of knowledge; however, they had limited comprehension of the precautionary measures that protect them from this virus. Our findings have important implications for the development of strategies suitable for improving the level of practice among physicians and enhance prevention programs.


id: cord-315886-f4ofmdcm
author: Karim, A.
date: 2020-05-26
txt: ./txt/cord-315886-f4ofmdcm.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-315886-f4ofmdcm.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.26.20104497v1?rss=1
doi: 10.1101/2020.05.26.20104497
summary:
  title: Knowledge and attitude towards COVID-19 in Bangladesh: Population-level estimation and a comparison of data obtained by phone and online survey methods However, the number of KD questions having significantly different correct response rates dropped to six when the phone survey data was adjusted to the socio-demographic characteristics of the online non-medical participant group. It is noticeable from our study that the total knowledge score did not differ significantly between the adjusted phone survey dataset and online non-medical dataset for the elderly (≥55 years), poor, and rural people. Furthermore, in our combined dataset of phone (unadjusted) and online non-medical participants, we found that higher total knowledge score was positively associated with having negative attitude towards the final control of COVID-19.

title:
  Knowledge and attitude towards COVID-19 in Bangladesh: Population-level estimation and a comparison of data obtained by phone and online survey methods

abstract:
  Adherence of people to the guidelines and measures suggested in fighting the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is partly determined by the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) of the population. In this cross-sectional study, we primarily addressed two key issues. First, we tried to determine whether there is a significant difference in the estimated COVID-19 knowledge level from the online and phone survey methods. Second, we tried to quantify the knowledge and attitude of COVID-19 in Bangladeshi adult population. Data were collected through phone calls (April 14-23, 2020) and online survey (April 18-19, 2020) in Bangladesh. The questionnaire had 20 knowledge questions with each correct response getting one point and incorrect/do not know response getting no point (maximum total knowledge score 20). Participants scoring >17 were categorized as having good knowledge. The percentages of good knowledge holders were 57.6%, 75.1%, and 95.8% in the phone (n=1426), online non-medical (n=1097), and online medical participants (n=382), respectively. Comparison between phone and online survey showed that, overall, online survey might overestimate knowledge level than that of phone survey, although there was no difference for elderly, poor, and rural people. Male gender, higher education, living in town/urban areas, good financial condition, and use of internet were positively associated with good knowledge. However, higher knowledge was associated with having less confidence in the final control of COVID-19. Our adult population-level estimates showed that only 32.6% (95% CI 30.1-35.2%) had good knowledge. This study provides crucial information that could be useful for the researchers and policymakers to develop effective strategies.


id: cord-317900-05y9re12
title: Geographies of uncertainty
author: Senanayake, Nari
date: 2020-08-14
txt: ./txt/cord-317900-05y9re12.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-317900-05y9re12.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32836330/
doi: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2020.07.016
summary:
  Specifically, we discuss how geographers engage with uncertainties produced through and reconfigured by some of the most formidable issues of our contemporary moment, including neoliberal transformation, disease and illness, resource conflict, global climate change, and ongoing struggles around knowledge, power, and justice. In conversation with debates in cognate fields, this special issue brings together contributions that grapple with uncertainty through key geographic concepts such as scale, power, spatiality, place, and human-environment relations. Attending to the ways that uncertainty is experienced as a spatiotemporal condition, and how it frequently compounds across scales of knowledge production, enables the special issue''s contributors to demonstrate how forms of incertitude work through geographic relationships. In doing so, this special issue develops a critical human geography of uncertainty, which not only articulates how the concept is useful for geographers, but also, argues that geography can enrich existing transdisciplinary work on the subject with its perspectives on scale, spatiality, power, place, and human-environment relations.

abstract:
  Abstract The question of uncertainty has generated substantial critical engagements across the social sciences. While much of this literature falls within the domains of anthropology, science studies, and sociology, this short introductory paper highlights how geographical scholarship can also enrich emerging transdisciplinary debates on uncertainty. Specifically, we discuss how geographers engage with uncertainties produced through and reconfigured by some of the most formidable issues of our contemporary moment, including neoliberal transformation, disease and illness, resource conflict, global climate change, and ongoing struggles around knowledge, power, and justice. In conversation with debates in cognate fields, this special issue brings together contributions that grapple with uncertainty through key geographic concepts such as scale, power, spatiality, place, and human-environment relations. This work extends scholarly understanding of howuncertaintyarises, is stabilized, and also how people navigate, experience, challenge, and rationalizeuncertaintyin everyday life. In doing so, we signal the immense potential offered by emerging intersections between human geography and broader critical social science interventions on the question of uncertainty.


id: cord-319908-10b7de22
title: Knowledge and practices towards COVID-19 during its outbreak: a multinational cross-sectional study
author: Naser, Abdallah Y
date: 2020-04-17
txt: ./txt/cord-319908-10b7de22.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-319908-10b7de22.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.13.20063560
doi: 10.1101/2020.04.13.20063560
summary:
  Method: A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted between 19th of March and 6th of April 2020 in three Middle Eastern countries (Jordan, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait) to explore the knowledge and practices of Middle Eastern population towards COVID-19. A cross-sectional study by means of online survey was conducted between 19 th of March and 06 th of April 2020 in three Arab countries (Jordan, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait) to explore the knowledge and practices of Middle Eastern population towards COVID-19. Participants'' knowledge scores significantly differed by country, age, marital status, education level, and whether they wear mask upon leaving home or not (p<0.05). Both males and females showed similar levels of knowledge about COVIDHigher COVID-19 knowledge scores were found to be significantly associated with age and educational attainment, which is in line with the study conducted in China during the COVID-19 pandemic (1). Findings of this study suggest that Middle Eastern participants are of a relatively low level of knowledge about COVID-19, particularly regarding its transmission routes.

abstract:
  Background: The emergence of COVID-19 globally coupled with its unknown aetiology and its high transmission rate has created an unprecedented state of emergency worldwide. Public knowledge and awareness about COVID-19 are essential in suppressing its pandemic status. Method: A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted between 19th of March and 6th of April 2020 in three Middle Eastern countries (Jordan, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait) to explore the knowledge and practices of Middle Eastern population towards COVID-19. A previously developed questionnaire was used. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify predictors of COVID-19 knowledge. Results: A total of 1,208 participants were involved in this study from the three countries (Jordan = 389, Saudi Arabia = 433, and Kuwait = 386). The majority of participants (n = 810, 67.2%) were females and aged 30 to 49 years (n = 501, 41.5%). Participants had moderate overall COVID-19 knowledge with a mean score of 7.93 (SD = 1.72) out of 12, 66.1%. Participants had better knowledge about disease prevention and control with 83.0%, whereas the lowest sub-scale scores were for questions about disease transmission routes (43.3%). High education level was an important predictor of greater COVID-19 knowledge scores (p<0.01). Conclusion: Middle Eastern participants are of a relatively low level of knowledge about COVID-19, particularly regarding its transmission routes. Policymakers are recommended to develop informative COVID-19 related campaigns targeted specifically towards university students, unemployed individuals and those with lower levels of education.


id: cord-320928-flsaa1wx
author: Aldohyan, Meshal
date: 2019-03-21
txt: ./txt/cord-320928-flsaa1wx.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-320928-flsaa1wx.txt
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mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-3898-2
doi: 10.1186/s12879-019-3898-2
summary:
  This study evaluated the perceived effectiveness of MERS-CoV educational programs and knowledge transfer among primary care HCWs at a hospital in Saudi Arabia that witnessed the largest outbreak of confirmed MERS-CoV cases in this country. CONCLUSIONS: A negative perception of the effectiveness of MERS-CoV knowledge transfer was associated with poorer knowledge and was more prevalent among male HCWs, physicians/pharmacists and less experienced HCWs. Hospitals should always refer to efficient knowledge sharing and educational strategies that render beneficial outcomes to patients, HCWs, and the public community. Therefore, there was an emerging need to evaluate the perceived effectiveness of MERS-CoV educational programs and knowledge transfer from the HCW''s perspective, in a setting that witnessed the largest outbreak of confirmed MERS-CoV cases in Saudi Arabia. This explains why HCWs with less work experience (< 5 years) had significantly more negative perceptions of knowledge transfer and the perceived effectiveness of MERS-CoV educational programs.

title:
  The perceived effectiveness of MERS-CoV educational programs and knowledge transfer among primary healthcare workers: a cross-sectional survey

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Knowledge transfer of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) involves the dissemination of created/acquired information on MERS-CoV in hospitals, making this information accessible to all healthcare workers (HCWs). This study evaluated the perceived effectiveness of MERS-CoV educational programs and knowledge transfer among primary care HCWs at a hospital in Saudi Arabia that witnessed the largest outbreak of confirmed MERS-CoV cases in this country. METHODS: A survey was distributed among primary care HCWs at five clinics in Saudi Arabia in 2016. Those with non-direct patient care responsibilities were excluded. Their knowledge was evaluated against facts published by Mayo Clinic Foundation, and its percentage mean score (PMS) ± standard deviation was calculated. HCWs’ perceived effectiveness of educational programs and knowledge transfer was classified as negative or positive. RESULTS: Sample comprised of 404 HCWs, of which 64% were females and 36% were males. Almost 26% were ≤ 30 years old, and 42% had > 10 years of work experience. Almost 46.5% were nurses, 23.0% physicians, 18.1% were pharmacists, and 12.4% were technical staff. PMS for knowledge was 71.1 ± 19.4. The prevalence of negative perceptions towards educational programs was 22.5% and of knowledge transfer was 20.8%. Older(> 40 years of age) and more experienced(> 10 years) HCWs had the highest PMS for knowledge(73.4 ± 18.9,P = 0.005 and 76.9 ± 15.7,P < 0.001 respectively). Negative perceptions of educational programs (49.4 ± 20.7; P < 0.001) and knowledge transfer (46.0 ± 19.7; P = 0.001) were associated with a lower knowledge PMS. Males were 2.4[95% confidence interval 1.4–4.2] times and 2.0[1.1–3.5] times more likely to have negative perceptions of educational programs and knowledge transfer (adjusted (adj.)P = 0.001 and adj. P = 0.023, respectively). Physicians/pharmacists were 1.8[1.03–3.11] and 2.8[1.6–5.0] times more likely to have negative perceptions of both outcomes (adj. P = 0.038 and adj. P = 0.001, respectively). Less experienced HCWs were 2.1[1.3–3.5] times and 4.9[2.6–9.2] times more likely to exhibit negative perceptions of the two outcomes (adj. P < 0.001 each). CONCLUSIONS: A negative perception of the effectiveness of MERS-CoV knowledge transfer was associated with poorer knowledge and was more prevalent among male HCWs, physicians/pharmacists and less experienced HCWs. Hospitals should always refer to efficient knowledge sharing and educational strategies that render beneficial outcomes to patients, HCWs, and the public community. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-019-3898-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.


id: cord-321258-fj9nel2z
author: Huynh, Giao
date: 2020-09-14
txt: ./txt/cord-321258-fj9nel2z.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-321258-fj9nel2z.txt
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mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32982515/
doi: 10.2147/rmhp.s268876
summary:
  title: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Regarding COVID-19 Among Chronic Illness Patients at Outpatient Departments in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding COVID-19 among people with chronic diseases at the outpatient departments in Ho Chi Minh City. Education programs need to continue via television and social media and emphasize that people with chronic diseases are more likely to experience severe symptoms, including death from COVID-19. 14,15 Therefore, assessing the knowledge, attitude and practices toward COVID-19 plays an important role, especially in patients with a chronic illness, which will help to develop the effective educational interventions to ensure safe and quality care while stopping onwards viral transmission. This is the first study of its type to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of people with chronic diseases in Vietnam, and it was performed at the first stage of the pandemic.

title:
  Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Regarding COVID-19 Among Chronic Illness Patients at Outpatient Departments in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a major threat to human life around the world. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding COVID-19 among people with chronic diseases at the outpatient departments in Ho Chi Minh City. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out between February and March 2020 using a convenience sampling strategy in three hospitals in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) via the use of a structured self-administered questionnaire. Factors relating to practices, prevalence ratio (PR), and 95% confidence interval were estimated by using the Poisson regression with robust options. P-value <0.05 was considered as statistically different. RESULTS: A total of 522 participants had a mean age of 51.5 ± 10.6 years. Most of them reported seeing information regarding the COVID-19 pandemic (93.7%) via television and social media (72.8% and 62.1%, respectively). Just over two-thirds of the participants (68.4%) answered with sufficient knowledge of COVID-19. Most respondents had a positive attitude toward COVID-19 (90.8%), although some misconceptions existed. Almost over three-fourths of them (77.2%) maintained good practices for prevention. The rate of good practices in those who had sufficient knowledge was 1.24 times greater than that among those who had insufficient knowledge (PR 1.24, 95% CI: 1.10–1.41, P<0.05). Also, the rate of good practices in males was lower than that of females (PR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.83–0.99, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: There still exists an amount of insufficient knowledge and negative attitude regarding COVID-19, which may be barriers to good prevention practices among chronic illness patients. Education programs need to continue via television and social media and emphasize that people with chronic diseases are more likely to experience severe symptoms, including death from COVID-19. Additionally, management authorities should prolong specific policies to protect the more vulnerable in our community.


id: cord-325445-80p6wthw
title: Query Based Intelligent Web Interaction with Real World Knowledge
author: Goh, Ong Sing
date: 2008-03-14
txt: ./txt/cord-325445-80p6wthw.txt
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mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00354-007-0031-7
doi: 10.1007/s00354-007-0031-7
summary:
  To overcome the above limitations, this paper proposed an integrated system comprises of an artificial intelligent conversation software robot or chatterbot, called Artificial Intelligence Natural-language Identity (hereafter, AINI), and an Automated Knowledge Extraction Agent (AKEA) for the acquisition of real world knowledge from the Internet. The aim of the project is to develop an intelligent conversation agent called AINI to answer domain specific questions as well as open-domain (or common sense) questions. The key contribution described in this paper is the integration of the common sense knowledge and domain specific knowledge in the form of a "knowledge matrix." The system is based on a layered and modular design, and the answers for the queries are searched from these modules. As shown in Fig. 1 and 2 , AINI''s domain-specific knowledge bases consist of Natural Language Corpus and Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ).

abstract:
  This paper describes an integrated system based on open-domain and domain-specific knowledge for the purpose of providing query-based intelligent web interaction. It is understood that general purpose conversational agents are not able to answer questions on specific domain subject. On the other hand, domain specific systems lack the flexibility to handle common sense questions. To overcome the above limitations, this paper proposed an integrated system comprises of an artificial intelligent conversation software robot or chatterbot, called Artificial Intelligence Natural-language Identity (hereafter, AINI), and an Automated Knowledge Extraction Agent (AKEA) for the acquisition of real world knowledge from the Internet. The objective of AKEA is to retrieve real world knowledge or information from trustworthy websites. AINI is the mechanism used to manage the knowledge and to provide appropriate answer to the user. In this paper, we compare the performance of the proposed system against two popular search engines, two question answering systems and two other conversational systems.


id: cord-330474-c6eq1djd
author: Fox, J
date: 2020-06-18
txt: ./txt/cord-330474-c6eq1djd.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-330474-c6eq1djd.txt
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mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1002/lrh2.10236
doi: 10.1002/lrh2.10236
summary:
  The initial goal is to assess whether the platform is adequate for rapidly building executable models of clinical expertise, while the longer term goal is to use the resulting COVID‐19 knowledge model as a reference and resource for medical training, research and, with partners, develop products and services for better patient care. The Polyphony project was initiated on 18 March 2020 with the following mission To create, validate, publish and maintain knowledge of best medical practice regarding the detection, diagnosis and management of COVID-19 infections, in a computer executable form. The purpose is to provide a resource for clinicians and researchers, healthcare provider organisations, technology developers and other users, to (1) develop point of care products and services which (2) embody best clinical practice in decision-making, workflow, data analysis and other "intelligent" services across the COVID patient journey.

title:
  Rapid translation of clinical guidelines into executable knowledge: a case study of COVID‐19 and on‐line demonstration

abstract:
  The Polyphony programme is a rapidly established collaboration whose aim is to build and maintain a collection of current healthcare knowledge about detection, diagnosis and treatment of COVID‐19 infections, and use Artificial Intelligence (knowledge engineering) techniques to apply the results in patient care. The initial goal is to assess whether the platform is adequate for rapidly building executable models of clinical expertise, while the longer term goal is to use the resulting COVID‐19 knowledge model as a reference and resource for medical training, research and, with partners, develop products and services for better patient care. In this Polyphony progress‐report we describe the first prototype of a care pathway and decision support system that is accessible on OpenClinical.net, a knowledge sharing repository. Pathfinder 1 demonstrates services including situation assessment and inference, decision making, outcome prediction and workflow management. Pathfinder 1 represents encouraging evidence that it is possible to rapidly develop and deploy practical clinical services for patient care and we hope to validate an advanced version in a collaborative internet trial. Finally, we discuss wider implications of the Polyphony framework for developing rapid learning systems in healthcare, and how we may prepare for using AI in future public health emergencies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


id: cord-331771-fhy98qt4
title: Modeling the competitive diffusions of rumor and knowledge and the impacts on epidemic spreading
author: Huang, He
date: 2021-01-01
txt: ./txt/cord-331771-fhy98qt4.txt
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mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amc.2020.125536
doi: 10.1016/j.amc.2020.125536
summary:
  When people have more connections in the communication-layer network, the knowledge is more likely to diffuse widely, and the rumor and epidemic can be eradicated more efficiently. Previous complex network models have found that information diffusion plays an important role in promoting the spread of self-protective measures during an epidemic [22, 23] . We adopt a two-layer network to model the processes of information diffusion (including rumor diffusion and knowledge diffusion) and epidemic spreading. In the contact-layer network, no matter whether the self-protective measure is perfectly effective or not, the threshold of epidemic outbreak increases nonlinearly with the penetration intensity of knowledge, but only if the penetration intensity of knowledge is large enough to make the knowledge widely spread. When more links are added to the communication-layer network, which allows people to receive information from more sources, knowledge is more likely to break out, and rumor and epidemic are more likely to be eradicated.

abstract:
  The interaction between epidemic spreading and information diffusion is an interdisciplinary research problem. During an epidemic, people tend to take self-protective measures to reduce the infection risk. However, with the diffusion of rumor, people may be difficult to make an appropriate choice. How to reduce the negative impact of rumor and to control epidemic has become a critical issue in the social network. Elaborate mathematical model is instructive to understand such complex dynamics. In this paper, we develop a two-layer network to model the interaction between the spread of epidemic and the competitive diffusions of information. The results show that knowledge diffusion can eradicate both rumor and epidemic, where the penetration intensity of knowledge into rumor plays a vital role. Specifically, the penetration intensity of knowledge significantly increases the thresholds for rumor and epidemic to break out, even when the self-protective measure is not perfectly effective. But eradicating rumor shouldn’t be equated with eradicating epidemic. The epidemic can be eradicated with rumor still diffusing, and the epidemic may keep spreading with rumor being eradicated. Moreover, the communication-layer network structure greatly affects the spread of epidemic in the contact-layer network. When people have more connections in the communication-layer network, the knowledge is more likely to diffuse widely, and the rumor and epidemic can be eradicated more efficiently. When the communication-layer network is sparse, a larger penetration intensity of knowledge into rumor is required to promote the diffusion of knowledge.


id: cord-333015-xgudk2h0
author: Della Polla, Giorgia
date: 2020-03-24
txt: ./txt/cord-333015-xgudk2h0.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-333015-xgudk2h0.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32213832/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17062147
summary:
  Pharmacists who worked a higher number of hours per week, were more knowledgeable about the more frequent infectious diseases related to travel, believed that travel medicine was a pharmacist competency, believed that they could give advice to the public, and had received information from scientific journals and educational activities were more likely to have this positive attitude. Therefore, to enhance the existing information, the current study investigated the level of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors towards infectious diseases related to travel and their influencing factors among community pharmacists in Italy. The results of the multivariate linear regression model, built to test the variables associated with this outcome of interest, showed that pharmacists who worked a higher number of hours for week, those who had a higher level of knowledge about the more frequent infectious diseases related to travel, those who believed that travel medicine is a pharmacists'' competence, those who believed that they could give advice to the public about travel medicine, and those who had received information from scientific journals and educational activities compared with those who did not receive any information were more likely to believe that it is important to provide information to the public about travel medicine (Model 2 in Table 2 ).

title:
  Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices towards Infectious Diseases Related to Travel of Community Pharmacists in Italy

abstract:
  Pharmacists should be educated about travel medicine, since they could influence their own choices and those of the individuals they encounter. This study aims to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors towards infectious diseases related to travel among community pharmacists in Italy. The data was collected from September 2018 to September 2019 using semi-structured telephone interviews. Only 1.8% answered correctly to all seven questions regarding the infectious diseases related to travel. Community pharmacists who had heard about travel medicine and those who had received information were more likely to have good knowledge. More than two-thirds of the respondents believed that it is important to provide information to the public about travel medicine. Pharmacists who worked a higher number of hours per week, were more knowledgeable about the more frequent infectious diseases related to travel, believed that travel medicine was a pharmacist competency, believed that they could give advice to the public, and had received information from scientific journals and educational activities were more likely to have this positive attitude. More than two-thirds often/always informed the public about the importance of having travel health center counseling. Pharmacists who had heard about travel medicine and those who believed that they could give advice to the public were more likely to inform. Interventions are needed to improve knowledge in order that community pharmacists can play an active role in counseling the public.


id: cord-350270-rcft3xfh
author: Hulme, Mike
date: 2020-05-28
txt: ./txt/cord-350270-rcft3xfh.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-350270-rcft3xfh.txt
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mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837539/
doi: 10.1002/wcc.656
abstract: nan
summary:
  title: Social scientific knowledge in times of crisis: What climate change can learn from coronavirus (and vice versa) Governments always have to weigh up different forms of knowledge and expertise, from scientific and technical knowledge to policy and political considerations. But in periods of crisis-when information is more uncertain, susceptible to rapid change and when more attention is given to decision-making processes-it becomes increasingly difficult to ensure the effectiveness of government interventions. Climate change too has seen mathematical modeling take a prime position in the search for authoritative knowledge in the context of deep uncertainty (Wynne, 2010) . Apart from offering inevitably uncertain predictions, mathematical models also obscure the social nature of the climate risk being faced (Wynne, 2010) . Social scientific knowledge deepens our understanding of how perceptions of risk, fear and trust impact on crisis mitigation. The underlying drivers of climate change are much more deeply rooted in global economic, technological, cultural and political structures than are those for COVID-19.

title:
  Social scientific knowledge in times of crisis: What climate change can learn from coronavirus (and vice versa)


id: cord-355850-jgcjscjq
author: Elhadi, Muhammed
date: 2020-06-18
txt: ./txt/cord-355850-jgcjscjq.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-355850-jgcjscjq.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32563273/
doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0330
summary:
  title: Assessment of Healthcare Workers'' Levels of Preparedness and Awareness Regarding COVID-19 Infection in Low-Resource Settings Less than 7% of participants received training on how to manage COVID-19 cases, whereas 20.6% of doctors and 26.3% of nurses felt that they were personally prepared for the outbreak. The questionnaire evaluates information sources, training experience with COVID-19, diagnosis and management of COVID-19 patients, use of PPE, safety precautions, isolation procedures, measures to prevent infection, and reporting procedures. In conclusion, our study has illuminated the current level of knowledge and awareness of COVID-19 among doctors and nurses, with special consideration for those working in departments responsible for caring for COVID-19 patients. The respondents had a lower level of preparedness, which highlights the importance of education and training programs for healthcare workers, to control and prevent infection from COVID-19.

title:
  Assessment of Healthcare Workers’ Levels of Preparedness and Awareness Regarding COVID-19 Infection in Low-Resource Settings

abstract:
  COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is spreading rapidly worldwide, with devastating consequences for patients, healthcare workers, health systems, and economies. As it reaches low- and middle-income countries, the pandemic puts healthcare workers at high risk and challenges the abilities of healthcare systems to respond to the crisis. This study measured levels of knowledge and preparedness regarding COVID-19 among physicians and nurses. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among healthcare workers in Libya between February 26 and March 10, 2020. We obtained 1,572 valid responses of a possible 2,000 (78.6%) participants from 21 hospitals, of which 65.1% were from physicians and 34.9% from nurses. The majority of participants (70%) used social media as a source of information. A total of 47.3% of doctors and 54.7% of nurses received adequate training on how to effectively use personal protective equipment. Low confidence in managing suspected COVID-19 patients was reported by 83.8% of participants. Furthermore, 43.2% of healthcare workers were aware of proper hand hygiene techniques. Less than 7% of participants received training on how to manage COVID-19 cases, whereas 20.6% of doctors and 26.3% of nurses felt that they were personally prepared for the outbreak. Awareness and preparedness for the pandemic were low among frontline workers during the study. Therefore, an effective educational training program should be implemented to ensure maintenance of appropriate practices during the COVID-19 pandemic.


