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  Liang National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing


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  Challenges Tokyo Institute for Global Health Policy Research Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development


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  Statistics Paris Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development World Health Organization Declaration


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  the Knowledge Cluster Initiative 2nd Stage of the Japanese Ministry of Education Culture Sports Science and Technology and the Consortium R D Projects for Regional Revitalization


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  the Act on the Prevention of Contagious Animal Diseases Enforcement Decree Article 2 Scope of Disasters Damage


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  Article 2 of the Act on the Prevention of and Countermeasures Against Agricultural and Fishery Disasters Methods


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  the Minister of the Ministry of Science ICT and Future Planning the Central Private Public Cooperative Committee


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  Article 3 paragraph 2 of the National Government Organization Act and Article 2 of the Firefighting Organization Act


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  the Guidance for Accessing Specialist Flood Rescue Mutual Aid The Guidance for Accessing Specialist Flood Rescue Mutual Aid


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  terrorism sabotage cyber incident chemical attack biological attack or more Classification of disasters


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  The Okinawa Infectious Diseases Initiative Osamu Kunii Institute of Tropical Medicine Nagasaki University


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  Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries Promotion of Smart Agriculture Information and Communications


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  Rh D positive platelet transfusions In 47 74 patients out of this the results for post transfusion antibody


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  American Rare Donor Program ARDP Council of Europe International Donor Panel IDP International Society of Blood Transfusion ISBT Council of Europe Japanese


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  the Japanese Circulation Society 13 the 2007 Guideline on End of Life Care Japan Medical Association 14


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  gustducin type III inositol triphosphate receptor IP 3 R3 synaptobrevin 2 VAMP2 protein gene product 9 5


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  Tsuyoshi Shimura Division of Behavioral Physiology Department of Behavioral Sciences Graduate School of Human Sciences


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  Fundamentally The Guidelines for Derivation and Utilization of Human Embryonic Stem Cells and The Act on Regulation of Human Cloning Techniques


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  World Health Organization Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division Vaccine Preventable Diseases Surveillance Program


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  Great East Japan Earthquake Social Media Communication During Disease Outbreaks Findings and Recommendations


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  Understanding Communication Ecologies to Bridge Communication Research and Community Action Disaster


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  Information Systems Frontiers Indigenous Institutions and Their Role in Disaster Risk Reduction and Resilience Evidence


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type: ORG
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  Social Movements as Information Ecologies Exploring the Coevolution of Multiple Internet Technologies for Activism Crowdsourced


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  a Dynamic Emergency Response Management Journal of Information Technology Theory and Application Social Media


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  the Promotion and Mutual Aid Corporation for Private Schools of Japan Grant in Aid for Matching Fund Subsidy for Private University


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type: ORG
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  Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications Bureau of Statistics of Japan National census Ministry of Education Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications Bureau of Statistics of


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  Methods of Ventilation for Improving Closed Spaces with Poor Ventilation with Prevention of Heatstroke for Owners Using Air Conditioning System without Ventilation in Commercial Facilities


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  hydrophobic helical peptide P Chetal V Chauhan D Sahal International Centre For Genetic Engineering Biotechnology


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  post termination complex P Guo L Zhang Y Feng G Jing Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules Beijing China Ribosome recycling factor RRF


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type: PROTEIN
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  carbonic anhydrase H M Becker J W Deitmer Abt Allgem Zoologie TU Kaiserslautern 67663 Kaiserslautern


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type: PROTEIN
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  prostaglandin endoperoxide H2 synthase Prostaglandin endoperoxide H 2 synthases 1 and 2 PGHS 1 and 2


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type: PROTEIN
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  CUG repeats Y Sato K Kimura A Takénaka Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama Japan


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  Refs 1 2 3 XAS spectroscopy results show that there are two different structures of the metal binding site


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  cholesterol proteoliposomes M Berchel 1 J Jeftic 1 T Benvegnu 1 J Y Thepot 2 D Plusquellec 1 1 ENSCR


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type: GGP
entity:
  speci c conductance s of aqueous solution of electrolytes viz NaF NaCl NaNO 3 Na2SO 4 KF KCl KNO 3 K 2 SO 4 MgCl 2 CaCl 2 FeCl 3 MnCl 2 CrCl 3 CuCl 2 CoCl 2


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  stem bulge stem region of DIS39 and the solution structures of DIS39 in the kissing loop and extendedduplex


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type: PRODUCT
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  J C Holyoake M S Sansom Biochemistry Department University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QU


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  Department of Animal Physiology and Biophysics Faculty of Biology University of Bucharest 2 Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Biology University of Bucharest Bucharest Romania Hypericin Hyp


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  Faculty of Science and Technology Keio University Japan 2 Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute


id: cord-014685-ihh30q6f
type: ORG
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  NMR 2 Department of Surgery 3 Department of Radiotherapy All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India Diffusion


id: cord-014685-ihh30q6f
type: ORG
entity:
  Applied Physics College of Humanities and Sciences Nihon University 2 Department of Biophysics and Life


id: cord-014685-ihh30q6f
type: ORG
entity:
  University of Helsinki Finland 2 Institute of Biotechnology University of Helsinki Finland Molecular


id: cord-014685-ihh30q6f
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entity:
  Ruysshaert 2 B Bechinger 1 1 ULP CNRS Chemistry 4 rue Blaise Pascal 67070 Strasbourg 2 Université Libre Campus Plaine


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type: TAXON
entity:
  viruses Cytomegalovirus herpes simplex virus bacteria Streptococcus agalactiae GBS E coli Listeria monocytogenes Chlamydia


id: cord-275828-c6d6nk7x
type: TAXON
entity:
  Paragonimus spp Ascaris lumbricoides Ancylostoma duodenale Necator americanus Strongyloides stercoralis Toxocara canis Toxocara cati Wuchereria bancrofti Brugia malayi


id: cord-275828-c6d6nk7x
type: ORG
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  the Surveillance Committee of Japanese Society of Chemotherapy Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases


id: cord-275828-c6d6nk7x
type: ORG
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  Committee to Prepare the Guidelines for the Management of Respiratory Infectious Diseases in Children Pneumonia


id: cord-275828-c6d6nk7x
type: ORG
entity:
  the Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases Control Division Health Service Bureau Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare Statistics


id: cord-275828-c6d6nk7x
type: ORG
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  the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases Proposal by the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases Effect of


id: cord-275828-c6d6nk7x
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  pimozide quinidine bepridil simvastatin triazolam azelnidipine ergotamine nisoldipine dihydroergotamine vardenafil eplerenone blonanserin sildenafil tadalafil


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type: DISEASE
entity:
  bacterial tracheitis Croup laryngitis laryngotracheitis spasmodic croup laryngotracheobronchitis bacterial tracheitis


id: cord-011062-ukz4hnmy
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  HOMA IR 5 3 2 4 p 0 034 vs 0 2 0 6 SBP 19 1 9 4 p 0 055 vs 1 3 4 2 and DBP 16 7 6 7 p 0 022 vs 1 2 2 4


id: cord-011062-ukz4hnmy
type: GGP
entity:
  sex p 0 05 12 8 female vs 5 2 male age distribution p 0 05 14 8 75 84 vs 10 6 85 89 vs 6 7 90 and the presence of anti osteoporotic treatments p 0 001 All other measurements Barthel Index cognitive degree type of fracture ASA score and type of surgery did not show statistically significant differences P 05 Conclusion Patients


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type: GGP
entity:
  V i n c e n z o M a l a f a r i n a 1 L e t i z i a S u e s c u n P u e r t a 2 A r a n t z a z u B i a i n U g a r t e 3 I ñ a k i A r t a z a A r t a b e 4


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type: GGP
entity:
  Martín 5 1 S o p h i e G u y o n n e t 1 C a t h e r i n e T a k e d a 2 Philipe de Souto Barreto 3 Yves Rolland 1 Sandrine Andrieu 4 Bruno Vellas 1


id: cord-011062-ukz4hnmy
type: ORG
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  Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Informatics School of Nursing University of Washington Seatlle USA Background Frailty


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type: ORG
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  the Departments of Internal Medicine and Neurology of the University Hospital of Araba Basque Country


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type: WORK_OF_ART
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  2 1 Institutes of Innovation for Future Society Nagoya University Japan 2 Department of Community Health and Geriatrics Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan 3 Department of Business Administration Seijoh University


id: cord-011062-ukz4hnmy
type: ORG
entity:
  the University of Tokyo School of Medicine Tokyo Japan 2 Department of Diagnostic Radiology Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital


id: cord-011062-ukz4hnmy
type: ORG
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  Japan 3 Department of Geriatric Medicine International University of Health and Welfare Narita Chiba


id: cord-011062-ukz4hnmy
type: ORG
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  Department of Physiotherapy Sengkang General Hospital Singapore 4 Dietetics Sengkang General Hospital Singapore Background Cognitive


id: cord-011062-ukz4hnmy
type: ORG
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  Acute Internal Medicine and Geriatrics and Medical and Health Sciences Linköping University Linköping


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type: ORG
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  Graduate School of Health and Sports Science Juntendo University Inzai Chiba Japan Background Loquat Eriobotrya


id: cord-011062-ukz4hnmy
type: ORG
entity:
  Vieira Fabrícia Costa Cavalcanti Department of Physical Therapy Florida International University Miami USA Background Integrating


id: cord-011062-ukz4hnmy
type: ORG
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  Belgium 2 Department of Geriatrics Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Ghent University Hospital Ghent Belgium 3 Drug Quality and Registration DruQuaR group


id: cord-011062-ukz4hnmy
type: ORG
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  Randomized Trials Network WHI Memory Study Cardiovascular Health Study Framingham Heart Study and Health and Retirement Study Disability


id: cord-011062-ukz4hnmy
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  Kashkosh 1 Irina Gringauz 1 Jonathan Weissmann 2 Gad Segal 3 4 Michael Swartzon 5 Abraham Adunsky 1 4 Dan Justo 1 4 1


id: cord-011062-ukz4hnmy
type: CHEMICAL
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  Ue 1 Inthira Roopsawang 1 Jansudaphan Boontham 2 Surinrat Baurangtheinthong 2 Yuwadee Phiboonleetrakun 2 1 Ramathibodi


id: cord-011062-ukz4hnmy
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  Martín 5 1 S o p h i e G u y o n n e t 1 C a t h e r i n e T a k e d a 2 Philipe de Souto Barreto 3 Yves Rolland 1 Sandrine


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type: PROTEIN
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type: PROTEIN
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  chaperone proteins heat shock protein 60 HSP 60 HSP 70 RY heat shock cognate HSC 71 alpha crystallin B chain glucose regulated protein GRP 75


id: cord-004948-ad3i9wgj
type: PROTEIN
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  RAIDD A Magyar 1 M Brózik 3 R Tóbi 1 T Szabó 1 J Szakonyi 2 B Rojkovich 3 P Gergely 2 and F Hudecz 1 1 Research Group of Peptide Chemistry Hungarian Academy of Science Budapest 2


id: cord-004948-ad3i9wgj
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id: cord-004948-ad3i9wgj
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  NMDA receptor type e g 2 amino 5 phosphonovaleric acid AP5 and 2 amino 7 phosphonopheptanoic acid AP7


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  multidrug resistant Chinese hamster ovary cells E Agostinelli 1 S Lord Fontaine 2 E Przybytkowski 2 and D A Averill Bates 2 1 Department of Biochemical Sciences A Rossi Fanelli University of Rome La Sapienza


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type: PROTEIN
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  SP Glp 6 D Trp 7 Glu Bu t 11 SP 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 Glp 6 D Trp 7 9 Glu Bu t 11 SP 6 7 8 9 10 11 2 Glp 6 D Trp 7 9 MePhe 8 Glu Bu t 11 SP 6 11 3 Glp 6 D Trp 7 MePhe 8


id: cord-004948-ad3i9wgj
type: ORG
entity:
  SET Interdisciplinary Research Center Institute of Nutritional Science Department of Food Sciences University


id: cord-004948-ad3i9wgj
type: ORG
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  Natural Product Laboratory Department of Chemistry The University of Burdwan W Bengal India Detection


id: cord-004948-ad3i9wgj
type: ORG
entity:
  Hungarian Academy of Science Budapest 2 Central Laboratory of Immunology Semmelweis University Budapest


id: cord-004948-ad3i9wgj
type: ORG
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  Department of Organic Chemistry 2 Biochemistry Eötvös University Budapest 3 Agricultural Biotechnology Centre Gödölló


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  Anatomy and Neurobiology SDU Odense University Odense Denmark 2 Department of Anatomy and Physiology University of Prince Edward Island Canada


id: cord-004948-ad3i9wgj
type: ORG
entity:
  the GLP 1R Department of Biophysics Instituto de Fisiología Celular Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México


id: cord-004948-ad3i9wgj
type: ORG
entity:
  Department of Pharmacology and 2 Department of Histology and Embriology Medical University of Silesia Zabrze


id: cord-004948-ad3i9wgj
type: ORG
entity:
  Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry Division of Life Science Graduate School of Agricultural Science Tohoku University


id: cord-004948-ad3i9wgj
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  Kharkov National University Radiophysical Department Chair of Molecular and Applied Biophysics Kharkov Ukraine Present


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id: cord-004948-ad3i9wgj
type: CHEMICAL
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  5hydroxymethyl 2 furfural HMF and 4 H pyran 4 one 2 3dihydro 3 5 dihydroxy 6 methyl dihydro dihydroxy maltol


id: cord-004948-ad3i9wgj
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entity:
  Trp Ile Gln Iva Ile Trh Aib Leu Aib Leu Hyp Gln Aib Hip Aib Pro Phl where Aib ϭ 2amino isobutyric acid


id: cord-004948-ad3i9wgj
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  benzyloxycarbonyl alanyl 3Ј 5Ј bis O N α benzyloxycarbonyl valyl 3Ј 5Ј bis O N α benzyloxy carbonyl glycyl glycyl glycyl 3Ј 5Јbis O N α benzyloxycarbonyl phenylalanyl 3Ј 5Ј bis O N αbenzyloxycarbonyl glycyl


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  LSG R Bademci 1 R Vilallonga 2 P Alberti 2 R Renato 2 C Yuhamy 2 S S Cordero 2 L Posadas 2 1 General surgery Istanbul medipol


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entity:
  target line Esofagogástrica Cirugía General y Ap Digestivo Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga MALAGA Spain 2 Hepatobiliopancreática Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga MALAGA Spain Introduction Marginal ulcer


id: cord-006849-vgjz74ts
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entity:
  LLR V Drakopoulos S Voulgaris I Iliadis K Botsakis P Trakosari V Vougas 1st Department of Surgery and Transplantation Unit District General Hospital of Athens Evangelismos ATHENS Greece Introduction Laparoscopic surgery


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  S2 153 6 62 5 min vs 179 3 55 2 min p 0 037 and 59 7 45 7 ml vs 100 0 74 0 ml p 0 027 respectively Specimen quality and early postoperative complications


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type: GGP
entity:
  HSA r 0 5402 p 0 0064 however strength of association was weak r 2 0 2918 and CT consistently overestimated the size of hiatal defect intra operatively mean of differences 404 mm 2 p 0 0016 Crural tension was positively correlated with age r 0 3321 p 0 0044 hiatal height r 0 6023 p 0 0001 hiatal width r 0 766 p 0 0001 and HSA r 0 7753 p 0 0001 Crural tension


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type: GGP
entity:
  mammary line 3 triangle 5 mm trocars after pneumo under vision Section with Ligasure of gastroesplenic ligament with short vessels and phrenic splenic ligament Identification and preservation of pancreatic tail Section of splenic vessels


id: cord-006849-vgjz74ts
type: CL
entity:
  fibroblastic mesenchymal neoplasm tipically arising from the pleura less frequently from other anatomic sites


id: cord-006849-vgjz74ts
type: GGP
entity:
  MEN I familial hyperparathyroidism MEN2A hyperparathyroidism jaw tumor syndrome parathyroidectomy minimally invasive for the time period up to and including December 2018 Full publications including clinical trials randomized or not retrospective studies case series case reports that provided relevant data met inclusion criteria


id: cord-006849-vgjz74ts
type: ORG
entity:
  Medical Faculty University of Tetove TETOVE Macedonia 3 Anestesiology Medical Faculty University of Tetove TETOVE Macedonia 4


id: cord-006849-vgjz74ts
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  CAN WE PREDICT THE SUCCESS OF THE LAPAROSCOPIC APPROACH IN THE ADHESIVE SMALL BOWEL OBSTRUCTION C Tellez Marques E Sebastian Valverde


id: cord-006849-vgjz74ts
type: ORG
entity:
  Gastroenterological Surgery Saitama Medical University International Medical Center HIDAKA SHI SAITAMA Japan


id: cord-006849-vgjz74ts
type: EVENT
entity:
  A NOVEL ABDOMINAL NEGATIVE PRESSURE LAVAGE DRAINAGE SYSTEM FOR ANASTOMOTIC LEAKAGE AFTER R0 RESECTION


id: cord-006849-vgjz74ts
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entity:
  cartilage 16001 carotid artery 81567 muscle 5149 carotid vein 7148 portal vein 22973 biliary tract 73940 gallbladder 1874 hepatic artery 16712 pancreas 2412 duodenum 34313 abdominal


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entity:
  inferior mesenteric vein division Left colonic and splenic flexure mobilization Pancreas identification Rectal dissection


id: cord-006849-vgjz74ts
type: DISEASE
entity:
  postoperative complications gastrogastric anastomosis leak 1 Introduction Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is the most


id: cord-010980-sizuef1v
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  ROTEM parameters activated protein C aPC thrombomodulin endothelial protein C receptor thrombin antithrombin complex TAT plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 PAI 1


id: cord-010980-sizuef1v
type: DNA
entity:
  Kirov Military Medical Academy War Surgery Department The Combat Trauma Registry includes 5581 Russian wounded


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type: GGP
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  Psychopathy b 0 177 p 0 034 Conclusions This study provides evidence for future knife carrying prevention interventions such as talks in schools or social media videos to focus more on how to increase self esteem stimulate empathy for and better


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type: GGP
entity:
  aPC thrombomodulin endothelial protein C receptor thrombin antithrombin complex TAT plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 PAI 1


id: cord-010980-sizuef1v
type: GGP
entity:
  Processes A Case Report Case history Clinical findings and Diagnosis 17 year old male low speed motorcycle crash with subsequent polytrauma He presented with right shoulder pain swelling and pain to the touch Articular CT revealed a type I fracture of the coracoid base type III acromion fracture and scapular body


id: cord-010980-sizuef1v
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entity:
  Oslo University Hospital Department of Traumatology Oslo Norway 3 Oslo University Hospital Trauma Registry


id: cord-010980-sizuef1v
type: LAW
entity:
  Exploration of the middle finger reviled heavy contamination and comminution of the phalanx with injury to one


id: cord-010980-sizuef1v
type: ORG
entity:
  Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine SUITA Japan


id: cord-010980-sizuef1v
type: ORG
entity:
  Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Environmental and Population Science SUITA Japan Introduction


id: cord-010980-sizuef1v
type: ORG
entity:
  Medical University Graz Graz Austria 4 AUVA Unfallkrankenhaus Graz Austria 5 Medical University Graz Orthopaedics


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type: PROTEIN
entity:
  mutant protein Boutahar N 1 Reynaud E 1 Nasser Y 1 Camdessanché JP 1 Antoine JC 1 1 University Hospital Saint Etienne France Dysimmune sensory neuronopathies


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id: cord-023049-fio7cjj5
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id: cord-023049-fio7cjj5
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  MMN Krarup C 1 2 Moldovan M 1 2 Alvarez S 1 Ciano C 3 Pisciotta C 3 Pareyson D 3 1 University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark 2 Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark 3 Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C Besta INCB Milan Italy Mutations


id: cord-023049-fio7cjj5
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  RDCRN INC Contact Registry Martinez C 1 Hubsch A 2 Watson DJ 3 Shebl A 4 Wallenhorst C 1 Simon TL 3 1 Institute


id: cord-023049-fio7cjj5
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  human cerebral hemisphere Taiko Kitamura Jinzo Yamada Department of Anatomy Tokyo Medical University Tokyo Japan


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  stem and spinal myoclonus Cortical myoclonus is short in duration 50 ms By back averaging EEG or MEG time locked to spontaneous myoclonus a cortical activity is demonstrated in the corresponding area of the contralateral primary motor cortex immediately preceding the myoclonus by 20 ms for hand It is mediated by fact conducting corticospinal pathway Cortical myoclonus is often stimulus sensitive cortical reflex myoclonus showing extremely enhanced cortical responses to somatosensory or visual stimulus and enhanced longloop transcortical reflexes These findings together with transcranial magnetic stimulation suggest increased excitability of sensorimotor cortex in cortical myoclonus Mark Hallett NINDS Bethesda MD USA There have been many recent advances in the understanding of the physiology of focal dystonia Three main avenues of research have shown abnormalities in cortical inhibition sensory processing including sensorimotor integration and plasticity This lecture will emphasize the abnormal inhibition Abnormal inhibition appears to be the most direct cause of unwanted muscle contractions that make up both the involuntary spasms and the overflow movements also seen in this condition A loss of inhibition is seen in spinal and brainstem reflexes but these changes are likely secondary to cortical abnormalities Cortical inhibition is also diminished as demonstrated most clearly with transcranial magnetic stimulation GABA content may be decreased as shown with magnetic resonance spectroscopy A particular type of defective inhibition is surround inhibition the inhibition that normally operates to sharpen fine skilled movements Studies are now in progress to determine the synaptic


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id: cord-257167-rz4r5sj7
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id: cord-257167-rz4r5sj7
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id: cord-257167-rz4r5sj7
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id: cord-257167-rz4r5sj7
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  Department of Curriculum Teaching and Memory Naruto University of Education Tokushima Japan 2 Department of Human Nutrition Notre Dame Seishin University Okayama Japan 3 Department of Physiology Saitama Medical School Saitama


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id: cord-257167-rz4r5sj7
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id: cord-257167-rz4r5sj7
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id: cord-257167-rz4r5sj7
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  Japan 5 Special Division for Human Life Technology National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology


id: cord-257167-rz4r5sj7
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id: cord-257167-rz4r5sj7
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id: cord-257167-rz4r5sj7
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id: cord-257167-rz4r5sj7
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id: cord-257167-rz4r5sj7
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  Miyagi University of Education Sendai Japan 4 Department of Pediatrics School of Medicine Tohoku University


id: cord-257167-rz4r5sj7
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id: cord-257167-rz4r5sj7
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id: cord-257167-rz4r5sj7
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id: cord-257167-rz4r5sj7
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id: cord-257167-rz4r5sj7
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id: cord-257167-rz4r5sj7
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id: cord-257167-rz4r5sj7
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id: cord-257167-rz4r5sj7
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entity:
  Tokyo Japan 2 Department of Molecular Neurobiology Brain Research Institute Niigata University Niigata


id: cord-257167-rz4r5sj7
type: ORG
entity:
  Developmental Biology Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry Osaka Japan 2 First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry Osaka Japan Postsynaptic


id: cord-257167-rz4r5sj7
type: ORG
entity:
  Rikako Kato Department of Developmental Physiology National Institute for Physiological Sciences Okazaki Japan Saccadic


id: cord-257167-rz4r5sj7
type: ORG
entity:
  Dental University Tokyo Japan 2 Department of Physiology Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences Ibaraki


id: cord-257167-rz4r5sj7
type: ORG
entity:
  Japan Science and Technology Agency JST Research Institute of Science and Technology for Society RISTEX


id: cord-257167-rz4r5sj7
type: ORG
entity:
  Department of Physical Therapy University of Aino Osaka Japan 2 Institute for Frontier Medical Science Kyoto University Kyoto Japan Regeneration


id: cord-257167-rz4r5sj7
type: ORG
entity:
  Anatomy Division of Microscopic and Developmental Anatomy Kurume University School of Medicine Kurume Japan Stimulation


id: cord-257167-rz4r5sj7
type: ORG
entity:
  Iinuma Kenzo Hirose Department of Cell Physiology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan Glutamate


id: cord-257167-rz4r5sj7
type: ORG
entity:
  Institute for Biomedical Engineering Consolidated Research Institute for Advanced Science and Medical Care Waseda University


id: cord-257167-rz4r5sj7
type: ORG
entity:
  Japan 2 Department of Medical System Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chiba University Chiba Japan


id: cord-257167-rz4r5sj7
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  coconut juice N Radenahmad P Subhadhirasakul PSU Thailand Young coconut juice YCJ Cocos nucifera Arecaceae


id: cord-257167-rz4r5sj7
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  N terminal BAR the central clathrin AP 2 binding and the C terminal SH3 domains and the variant specific two novel insertions A and B Insert A


id: cord-257167-rz4r5sj7
type: DISEASE
entity:
  cognitive functions Natsue Yoshimura 1 Daisuke Horiuchi 1 Tomoyuki Miyashita 2 Minoru Saitoe 2 Hitoshi Okazawa 1 1 Department of Neuropathology Medical Research Institute Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo Japan 2 Tokyo Metropolitan Institute


# bib

id: cord-003173-ymsl7snv
author: Miura, Fuminari
date: 2018-09-05
txt: ./txt/cord-003173-ymsl7snv.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-003173-ymsl7snv.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6111106/
doi: 10.2188/jea.je20170040
summary:
  BACKGROUND: Foodborne norovirus outbreak data in Japan from 2005–2006, involving virological surveillance of all symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals, were reanalyzed to estimate the asymptomatic ratio of norovirus infection along with the risk of infection and the probability of virus shedding. METHODS: Employing a statistical model that is considered to capture the data-generating process of the outbreak and virus surveillance, maximum likelihood estimation of the asymptomatic ratio was implemented. RESULTS: Assuming that all norovirus outbreaks (n = 55) were the result of random sampling from an identical distribution and ignoring genogroup and genotype specificities, the asymptomatic ratio was estimated at 32.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 27.7–36.7). The present study aims to estimate the asymptomatic ratio of norovirus infection, reanalyzing foodborne outbreak data with laboratory testing in Japan, along with other parameters, including virus shedding frequency and the risk of infection.

title:
  Estimating the Asymptomatic Ratio of Norovirus Infection During Foodborne Outbreaks With Laboratory Testing in Japan

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Foodborne norovirus outbreak data in Japan from 2005–2006, involving virological surveillance of all symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals, were reanalyzed to estimate the asymptomatic ratio of norovirus infection along with the risk of infection and the probability of virus shedding. METHODS: Employing a statistical model that is considered to capture the data-generating process of the outbreak and virus surveillance, maximum likelihood estimation of the asymptomatic ratio was implemented. RESULTS: Assuming that all norovirus outbreaks (n = 55) were the result of random sampling from an identical distribution and ignoring genogroup and genotype specificities, the asymptomatic ratio was estimated at 32.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 27.7–36.7). Although not significant, separate estimation of the asymptomatic ratio of the GII.4 genotype appeared to be greater than other genotypes and was estimated at 40.7% (95% CI, 32.8–49.0). CONCLUSION: The present study offered the first explicit empirical estimates of the asymptomatic ratio of norovirus infection in natural infection settings. The estimate of about 30% was consistent with those derived from volunteer challenge studies. Practical difficulty in controlling GII.4 outbreaks was supported by the data, considering that a large estimate of the asymptomatic ratio was obtained for the GII.4 genotype.


id: cord-004948-ad3i9wgj
title: 7th International Congress on Amino Acids and Proteins : Vienna, Austria, August 6–10, 2001
author: nan
date: 2001
txt: ./txt/cord-004948-ad3i9wgj.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-004948-ad3i9wgj.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7087755/
doi: 10.1007/s007260170030
abstract: nan
summary:
  Specific CTL were derived by immunization of HHD mice with tumor peptide extracts loaded on antigen presenting cells and with HHD transfected human tumor cell lines CTL induced against peptides from various tumors recognized tumor peptides more effectively than peptides extracted from normal tissues and also reacted with a serie of peptides derived from overexpressed candidate proteins, identified by differential display methods (SAGE, Microarrays) Comparison of CTL derived from HHD mice to CTL induced from patient''s PBMC showed overlapping recognition of many candidate peptides. By comparison of pro-teomic cell maps from normal controls and individuals affected with lysosomal transport disorders we have selected and identified several candidate disease-causing proteins, which have to be further studied by mutation analysis and functional expression. The results of the in vitro studies available to date strongly suggest that its effects on neuronal amino acid transport processes is mediated via some novel extracellular mechanism controlling the H ϩ (and/or other ionic) concentrations of neurones.


id: cord-005188-7syyl40y
author: Matsubayashi, Makoto
date: 2016-04-01
txt: ./txt/cord-005188-7syyl40y.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-005188-7syyl40y.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7088846/
doi: 10.1515/ap-2016-0054
summary:
  title: First report of molecular identification of Cystoisospora suis in piglets with lethal diarrhea in Japan Cystoisospora suis is a pathogen that causes diarrhea in pigs and can lead to serious disease. In this study, we used histopathological, bacteriological, virological, and parasitological methods to identify the cause of the disease in two piglets with severe diarrhea. C. suis in particular leads to serious disease in suckling piglets, causing diarrhea and dehydration mainly in animals 2-4 weeks of age (Mundt et al. In this study, we used histopathological, bacteriological, virological, and genetic methods to identify the causes of disease in piglets with severe diarrhea. For virological examination, contents of the small intestines of the two piglets were inspected by species-specific PCR using PED and TGE viruses (Kim et al. By using Cystoisospora-specific PCR, the predicted 440-bp product of the ITS1 gene was successfully amplified in DNAs from the cryopreserved ileum and serial sections only of the No. 1 piglet.

title:
  First report of molecular identification of Cystoisospora suis in piglets with lethal diarrhea in Japan

abstract:
  Cystoisospora suis is a pathogen that causes diarrhea in pigs and can lead to serious disease. Species identification, especially by histopathological examination, is often difficult because of morphologically similar parasites such as Eimeria species. In this study, we used histopathological, bacteriological, virological, and parasitological methods to identify the cause of the disease in two piglets with severe diarrhea. Villous atrophy, diffuse necrosis, and flattening of mucosal epithelial cells were found in the ilea of examined piglets, and coccidian parasites were found in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells. In some merozoites in the meronts, the presence of two nuclei indicated type 1 merozoites, characteristic of C. suis. According to Cystoisospora-specific PCR targeting the rRNA internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) gene, the sequences of the products were 98.5% similar to those of C. suis. Escherichia coli (O149 serogroup) exhibiting a virulence factor profile (LT, STb, and EAST1 as toxins and F4 as a colonization factor) was detected in one piglet. No other bacteria or significant enteric viruses were found. Co-infection with C. suis and E. coli could imply aggravation of the disease, although further study is needed to assess the pathogenicity of this interaction. This study is the first to clarify by molecular analysis the sequences of C. suis detected in piglets in Japan.


id: cord-006849-vgjz74ts
author: nan
date: 2019-09-13
txt: ./txt/cord-006849-vgjz74ts.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-006849-vgjz74ts.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7103177/
doi: 10.1007/s00464-019-07109-x
abstract: nan
summary:
  Methods: We are performing this procedures within a prospective randomized trial that is design to compare the long term results of LRYGB-B versus the standard laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.The video shows our technique in a case of a 46 years old female with a BMI of 46 Kg/m2. Material and methods: We present a video of the surgical intervention of a 32-year-old patient, with functional dyspepsia, with a casual diagnosis of a pseudocystic mass of the right colon after performing a CT scan: giant diverticulum of the hepatic colon angle with fecaloid content inside it under tension The patient goes to the emergency room for acute abdominal pain, pending colonoscopy, antibiotic treatment is established, and a laparoscopic approach is decided upon after the patient''s evolution. Method: We present the case of a 65-year-old patient with surgical antecedent of laparoscopic low anterior resection due to rectal cancer, presenting in postoperative period an anastomosis leakage with severe peritonitis was identified and a laparotomy with end colostomy was performed.

title:
  27th International Congress of the European Association for Endoscopic Surgery (EAES) Sevilla, Spain, 12–15 June 2019


id: cord-007009-4wbvdg1r
author: Takahashi, Toru
date: 2014-03-15
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7107388/
doi: 10.1093/infdis/jit603
title:
  The First Identification and Retrospective Study of Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome in Japan

abstract:
  Background. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is caused by SFTS virus (SFTSV), a novel bunyavirus reported to be endemic in central and northeastern China. This article describes the first identified patient with SFTS and a retrospective study on SFTS in Japan. Methods. Virologic and pathologic examinations were performed on the patient's samples. Laboratory diagnosis of SFTS was made by isolation/genome amplification and/or the detection of anti-SFTSV immunoglobulin G antibody in sera. Physicians were alerted to the initial diagnosis and asked whether they had previously treated patients with symptoms similar to those of SFTS. Results. A female patient who died in 2012 received a diagnosis of SFTS. Ten additional patients with SFTS were then retrospectively identified. All patients were aged ≥50 years and lived in western Japan. Six cases were fatal. The ratio of males to females was 8:3. SFTSV was isolated from 8 patients. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that all of the Japanese SFTSV isolates formed a genotype independent to those from China. Most patients showed symptoms due to hemorrhage, possibly because of disseminated intravascular coagulation and/or hemophagocytosis. Conclusions. SFTS has been endemic to Japan, and SFTSV has been circulating naturally within the country.


id: cord-009608-bvalr9bl
title: Tracking Japan’s development assistance for health, 2012–2016
author: Nomura, Shuhei
date: 2020-04-15
txt: ./txt/cord-009608-bvalr9bl.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-009608-bvalr9bl.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7161223/
doi: 10.1186/s12992-020-00559-2
summary:
  At the joint session of Finance and Health Ministers of the Group of 20 (G20) held in Osaka, Japan in June 2019, the "G20 Shared Understanding on the Importance of UHC Financing in Developing Countries" was confirmed, and agreement was reached to accelerate our global efforts to promote UHC through fair, equitable and preferential use of domestic resources and further invest in primary health care (PHC) services [2] . This data includes, for each project and year, gross disbursements of ODA, source (contributing ministry/agency), aid type (bilateral grant, including technical assistance; bilateral loan; earmarked funding to multilaterals [that is also called as ''bi-multi'' and was reported as bilateral ODA]; and core funding to multilateral agencies [i.e. assessed contributions and non-earmarked funding]), target country/region, and target health focus area. Regarding core funding to non-health-specific multilateral agencies (e.g., World Bank), where it was not possible to directly identify DAH out of the ODA and its flows to target country/region and health focus area, they were estimated based on the OECD methodology for calculating imputed multilateral ODA as follows [27] .

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Development assistance for health (DAH) is one of the most important means for Japan to promote diplomacy with developing countries and contribute to the international community. This study, for the first time, estimated the gross disbursement of Japan’s DAH from 2012 to 2016 and clarified its flows, including source, aid type, channel, target region, and target health focus area. METHODS: Data on Japan Tracker, the first data platform of Japan’s DAH, were used. The DAH definition was based on the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s (OECD) sector classification. Regarding core funding to non-health-specific multilateral agencies, we estimated DAH and its flows based on the OECD methodology for calculating imputed multilateral official development assistance (ODA). RESULTS: Japan’s DAH was estimated at 1472.94 (2012), 823.15 (2013), 832.06 (2014), 701.98 (2015), and 894.57 million USD (2016) in constant prices of 2016. Multilateral agencies received the largest DAH share of 44.96–57.01% in these periods, followed by bilateral grants (34.59–53.08%) and bilateral loans (1.96–15.04%). Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) was the largest contributors to the DAH (76.26–82.68%), followed by Ministry of Finance (MOF) (10.86–16.25%). Japan’s DAH was most heavily distributed in the African region with 41.64–53.48% share. The channel through which the most DAH went was Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria (20.04–34.89%). Between 2012 and 2016, approximately 70% was allocated to primary health care and the rest to health system strengthening. CONCLUSIONS: With many major high-level health related meetings ahead, coming years will play a powerful opportunity to reevaluate DAH and shape the future of DAH for Japan. We hope that the results of this study will enhance the social debate for and contribute to the implementation of Japan’s DAH with a more efficient and effective strategy.


id: cord-010088-s9tfvtao
title: Oral Abstracts
author: nan
date: 2013-11-01
txt: ./txt/cord-010088-s9tfvtao.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-010088-s9tfvtao.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7169312/
doi: 10.1111/vox.12100_1
abstract: nan
summary:
  These include ''incorrect blood component transfused'' events, where the blood component was intended for another recipient (frequently due to errors in patient identification at the time of collection of the pre-transfusion sample, or at the time of bedside administration), or did not meet the patient''s special needs (such as a patient with a red cell antibody who did not receive the required antigen-negative unit). Methods: Eligibility criteria for inclusion in the study included the following: transfusion of Rh D positive platelets, no anti D detectable before transfusion, no previous exposure to Rh D positive blood components, and results of follow-up testing of anti-D in patients serum available. In addition, the allelic frequency of Hpdel was calculated to be 0.015 by a genetic study of a limited number of the Japanese individuals, suggesting that Hp deficiency might distribute among the Japanese population as a phenotype of serum Hp. Aims: In this report, we present the results obtained from a hemovigilance survey carried out between 1998 and 2012, in which Hp deficiency was identified among Japanese patients who had experienced nonhemolytic TRs (NHTRs), and those obtained from a screening of Hp-deficient Japanese healthy blood donors.


id: cord-010929-d598h08w
title: Reference guide for management of adult immune thrombocytopenia in Japan: 2019 Revision
author: Kashiwagi, Hirokazu
date: 2020-01-02
txt: ./txt/cord-010929-d598h08w.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-010929-d598h08w.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7223085/
doi: 10.1007/s12185-019-02790-z
abstract: nan
summary:
  Patients who do not achieve the therapeutic target with corticosteroids or require long-term administration of high-dose corticosteroids, or patients unable to tolerate corticosteroids due to complications or adverse drug reactions, are transitioned to second-line treatment. High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin, methylprednisolone pulse therapy, or platelet transfusion should be considered for patients with severe bleeding symptoms, marked thrombocytopenia or who urgently require an increase in their platelet count because of surgery or for some other reason. In patients with underlying diseases (hypertension,diabetes,active infections, chronic infections,impaired immune status,osteoporosis,dys lipidemia,peptic ulcer, etc.) with a high probability of problematic adverse drug reactions associated with corticosteroid treatment, it is recommended that corticosteroids be started while controlling complications. However, the percentage of patients who had a partial response with a platelet count of 30,000-50,000/μL was 57.6% in the rituximab group and 46.7% in the standard treatment group, with a relative risk of 1.26 (95% CI: 0.95-1.67, p = 0.11), indicating that there was no significant difference in the bleeding inhibition effect between the two groups.


id: cord-010980-sizuef1v
title: ECTES Abstracts 2020
author: nan
date: 2020-05-11
txt: ./txt/cord-010980-sizuef1v.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-010980-sizuef1v.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7223217/
doi: 10.1007/s00068-020-01343-y
abstract: nan
summary:
  We hypothesized that presentation to a PTC would yield increased mortality when subspecialty intervention was required and that this would be most pronounced at night when in-house attending coverage is absent at all state PTCs. Materials and methods: A review of the Pennsylvania Trauma Outcome Study (PTOS) database was performed to capture patients aged 12-18 who underwent any non-orthopedic trauma surgery. Traumatic subaxial cervical fractures: functional prognostic factors and survival analysis Introduction: The main goal of this study is to identify the risk factors for poor functional outcomes and to analyze the overall survival (OS) and complications rate in patients with traumatic cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) and subaxial cervical fracture (SACF) treated with open surgical fixation. After applying a multiple imputation on all the study variables, a logistic regression generalized estimating equation after adjustment for age, sex, mechanism of trauma, and the injury severity score as covariates and hospitals as a cluster assessed an association between quartile of patient volume in intensive care unit and hospital mortality.


id: cord-011062-ukz4hnmy
title: Poster
author: nan
date: 2020-03-11
txt: ./txt/cord-011062-ukz4hnmy.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-011062-ukz4hnmy.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7223455/
doi: 10.14283/jfa.2020.9
abstract: nan
summary:
  Ming-Yueh Chou 1,3 , Ying-Hsin Hsu 1 , Yu-Chun Wang 1 , Chih-Kuang Liang 1,3 , Li-Ning Peng 2,4 , Liang-Kung Chen 2,4 , Yu-Te Lin 1 ((1) Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; (2) Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; (3) Department of Geriatric Medicine, National Yang Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; (4) Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan) Background: Older people with frailty are at risk of adverse outcomes, such as falls, functional decline and mortality, and multi-domain intervention program may prevent those. Conclusion: Our study showed that a multicomponent exercise program is effective for posthospitalization patients because after 24-week intervention there were significant reductions in frailty and improving results in muscle strength and physical performance. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of 757 communitydwelling older adults who completed multi-domain geriatric screen assessing for social vulnerability, mood, cognition, functional performance, nutrition, physical frailty (FRAIL) and sarcopenia (SARC-F).


id: cord-011245-nkr0998x
author: Yokomichi, Hiroshi
date: 2020-04-06
txt: ./txt/cord-011245-nkr0998x.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-011245-nkr0998x.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7223876/
doi: 10.1007/s12185-020-02866-1
summary:
  title: Immune thrombocytopenic purpura risk by live, inactivated and simultaneous vaccinations among Japanese adults, children and infants: a matched case–control study This case–control study investigated immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) risk following live, inactivated, and simultaneous vaccination, with a focus on infants aged < 2 years. We matched case patients with ITP to one or two control patients with other diseases by institution, hospital visit timing, sex, and age. These limited data suggest no significant ITP risk following vaccinations or simultaneous vaccination in any age group, including infants. In this case-control study, we aimed to determine the ITP risk after live, inactivated and simultaneous vaccination in Japan. To measure this exposure, participating physicians who treated case (ITP) and control (other diseases) patients completed questionnaires covering retrospective information on vaccination history and other characteristics. Participating physicians matched controls with case patients by the institution, timing of hospital visit (within a 1-month difference), sex and age.

title:
  Immune thrombocytopenic purpura risk by live, inactivated and simultaneous vaccinations among Japanese adults, children and infants: a matched case–control study

abstract:
  This case–control study investigated immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) risk following live, inactivated, and simultaneous vaccination, with a focus on infants aged < 2 years. We matched case patients with ITP to one or two control patients with other diseases by institution, hospital visit timing, sex, and age. We calculated McNemar’s pairwise odds ratios (ORs [95% confidence interval]) with 114 case–control pairs. The case group had 27 (44%) males and 22 (35%) infants, and the control group included 49 (43%) males and 42 (37%) infants. For all age groups, the McNemar’s OR for ITP occurrence was 1.80 (0.54–6.84, p = 0.64) for all vaccines. Among infants, these were 1.50 (0.17–18.0, p = 0.50) for all vaccines, 2.00 (0.29–22.1, p = 0.67) for live vaccines, and 1.00 (0.01–78.5, p = 0.50) for inactivated vaccines. Sex-adjusted common ORs for simultaneous vaccination were 1.52 (0.45–5.21, p = 0.71) for all vaccines, 1.83 (0.44–7.59, p = 0.40) for inactivated vaccines only, and 1.36 (0.29–6.30, p = 0.69) for mixed live and inactivated vaccines. In infants, these were 1.95 (0.44–8.72, p = 0.38), 1.41 (0.29–6.94, p = 0.67) and 2.85 (0.43–18.9, p = 0.28), respectively. These limited data suggest no significant ITP risk following vaccinations or simultaneous vaccination in any age group, including infants. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s12185-020-02866-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.


id: cord-014685-ihh30q6f
title: Posters P788 - P999
author: nan
date: 2005-09-21
txt: ./txt/cord-014685-ihh30q6f.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-014685-ihh30q6f.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7080055/
doi: 10.1007/s00249-005-0504-x
abstract: nan
summary:
  This study has attempted to analyse the structural properties of membrane peptides and proteins through the use of model systems that have been designed to mimic their natural counterparts: Podlubnaya 2 1 Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics RAS, 2 Pushchino State University Amyloid brils are formed by proteins or their peptides in the result of a conformational transition from alpha helix into beta-sheet structure. Analysis of the results of such studies indicate that folding of SNase fragments is dominated by developing the local and non-local nucleation sites from native-like secondary structures and by intensifying the longrange interactions of residues at nucleation sites with residues further removed in sequence. The results show that at different pH values the aggregation processes of both proteins follow different pathways determined by the variations in the native structure and by the details of the involved conformational changes.


id: cord-014922-pqy8bikp
title: Book reviews
author: Hayes, Adrian C.
date: 2003
txt: ./txt/cord-014922-pqy8bikp.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-014922-pqy8bikp.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7090915/
doi: 10.1007/bf03031854
abstract: nan
summary:
  In this book McMichael argues that the way to make sense of this paradox is to use a broad human ecological perspective on population health. Most of the well-known infectious ''crowd'' diseases appear to have developed during this transition; although the ''leap'' from animal species to humans can still occur today, of course, as HIV and SARS attest: writing before the recent SARS outbreak McMichael notes: ''in southern China, the intimate pig/duck farming culture creates a particularly efficient environment in which multiple strains of avian viruses infect pigs. The persuasive force of this book comes more from the weight of its examples of social-ecological processes influencing patterns of health and disease in populations than from any systematic theory describing these relationships. Australian National University This volume offers anthropological accounts of the evolution, production, and consumption of various social policies in contemporary Japan.


id: cord-015569-vy49r1zd
author: nan
date: 2012-05-17
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7109919/
doi: 10.1093/chemse/bjs052
abstract: nan
title:
  Abstracts from the 45(th) Annual Meeting of Japanese Association for the Stusy of Taste and Smell (JASTS 2011), Kanazawa, Japan, October 5-7(th), 2011 (The president of the meeting was Dr. Takaki Miwa, Kanazawa Medical University)


id: cord-016105-jkaxemmb
title: Prevention and Psychological Intervention in Depression and Stress-Related Conditions
author: Nakao, Mutsuhiro
date: 2011
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7120288/
doi: 10.1007/978-4-431-53889-9_34
abstract:
  This chapter focuses on depression and stress-related conditions to discuss possible strategies for the prevention or early management of such conditions. Health education constitutes the first important strategy, and we outline a school-based educational activity using a case-method approach. We next illustrate the impact of stressful events on psychological health with the results of a survey among Chinese individuals conducted after an unexpected epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome in 2003. Communication plays an important role in the assessment and management services provided by medical practitioners to sick individuals, with very diverse backgrounds and levels of medical knowledge, who consult health care providers with concerns about their health. In this context, we introduce a recent advance in patient–doctor communication. Finally, we address the cognitive and behavioral features of those who suffer from depression and psychosocial stress. Based on our recent activities and on evidence pertaining to health promotion and education, we emphasize the importance of health education and communication in the prevention of stress-related diseases and the promotion of physical and psychological health.


id: cord-016889-7ih6jdpe
title: Identity Health
author: Shibuya, Kazuhiko
date: 2019-12-03
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121317/
doi: 10.1007/978-981-15-2248-2_11
abstract:
  Identity health has especially specific meanings for social relationships in contemporary digital age. First, computerized digital communication makes many citizens in severe maladaptation. The WHO often warns mental addictions of internet usages and online gaming among the youth. The advent of social media and online networking has endangered them in ambiguous situations which are not stabilizing in those basic grounds for human relationships. Further, because social networking sites and social gaming frequently enforce each member to interconnect with the others, many of participating members often hold harder mental debts to respond and maintain their interconnections. In this situation, in other words, it can say that all of users simultaneously might share common conditions under mental illness.


id: cord-016950-fnb3yc45
title: The History and Formation of East Asian Sports Leagues
author: Humphreys, Brad
date: 2014-08-20
txt: ./txt/cord-016950-fnb3yc45.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-016950-fnb3yc45.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121388/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-10037-1_1
summary:
  Humphreys and Watanabe (2012) noted that East Asian professional sports leagues follow a "hybrid" model of organization where these leagues adopt the rules, regulations, and structure used by prominent North American or European leagues playing the same sport. Although some Major League Baseball teams are owned by large corporations-notably the Seattle Mariners, purchased by Japanese consumer electronics giant Nintendo in 1992-some other major North American professional sports leagues, and some European football leagues, explicitly ban corporate ownership of teams. Like Japanese baseball and football, the CBA faces the problem of top Chinese players moving overseas to play in the NBA and other professional leagues around the world. The CSL has a structure similar to the other football leagues in Asia, following a hybrid model that copies the organization of professional football in Europe, while following the East Asian practice of corporate ownership of teams.

abstract:
  This chapter considers the creation and growth of professional sport leagues throughout East Asia. In this, the different leagues and sport are examined, and noted for their hybrid use of both North American and European methods of business and regulation of sport leagues. Notably, prominent Japanese, Chinese, South Korean, and Taiwanese sport organizations are covered in their emergence as the top sport businesses within the region. The creation of these leagues varies from the old (Japanese baseball) to the new (Chinese football). As the dynamics of political and economic power has shifted in East Asia in the last several decades, so has the popularity and importance of many of the sport leagues in the region. At the same time, as these leagues have grown, many of the top stars have begun to leave for more popular and competitive leagues in North America and Europe. This chapter concludes in considering the future potential of sport leagues in Asia, and whether the teams and leagues will be able to continue to survive in their current formats.


id: cord-017245-kxqh32ip
title: Kawasaki Disease
author: Sharma, Avinash
date: 2016-06-02
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121756/
doi: 10.1007/978-981-10-1750-6_35
abstract:
  To learn about the epidemiology, aetiopathogenesis, clinical features and differential diagnosis of Kawasaki disease (KD)


id: cord-018839-yfaji9cv
title: Disaster Theory
author: Kim, Yong-kyun
date: 2017-07-11
txt: ./txt/cord-018839-yfaji9cv.txt
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extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7123823/
doi: 10.1007/978-981-10-4789-3_2
abstract:
  To find a conclusive definition for contemporary purposes and uses, we look at many of the various definitions of disasters through cataclysmic events, historical records, public policies, laws, and organizational usage. Our natural progression leads us to modern theories of disaster and Disaster Risk Management (DRM) that have had to tackle new types of disasters that are being brought about by the interconnectivity of societies, people, diseases, technology, etc., increasing in magnitude and complexity like what was seen in Fukushima, Japan, in 2011 and on-setting disasters like climate change. After looking at all the historical evidence, we come to a definition for the term disaster for modern usage and what it means for policy implications.


id: cord-020617-w36yri4g
author: Kubo, Tomoko
date: 2020-03-09
txt: ./txt/cord-020617-w36yri4g.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-020617-w36yri4g.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7143446/
doi: 10.1007/978-981-15-4202-2_2
summary:
  This policy shift not only increased the number of urban condominium developments (Kubo and Yui 2011a ) and encouraged population recovery (Miyazawa and Abe 2005; Yabe 2003 ) but also intensified the growth of inequality within the Tokyo metropolitan area (Hirayama 2005; Jacobs 2005) . The neo-liberal national policies that stimulated urban renewal through the deregulation of urban planning, building standards, and the housing market (e.g., the Urban Renaissance Special Measure Law of 2002) strongly supported the re-growth of central Tokyo from the beginning of the twenty-first century onward. In this chapter, we examine how urban and housing policies have affected urban spatial structures, caused a divide between the city center and the suburbs, and transformed the urban lifestyle in the Tokyo metropolitan area. The Comprehensive National Development Plan of 1969 stimulated economic and urban growth in seven major metropolitan areas (Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya, Sapporo, Sendai, Hiroshima, and Fukuoka) by expanding high-speed transportation systems nationwide.

title:
  Divided Tokyo: Housing Policy, the Ideology of Homeownership, and the Growing Contrast Between the City Center and the Suburbs

abstract:
  This chapter examines the generation of Tokyo’s division over time by focusing on the changes in national and municipal policies on urban planning, land use, and housing, as well as the outcomes of these long-term trajectories since the 1950s onward. By comparing with the Western urban discourse, we clarify the process of how Tokyo became divided in terms of residential conditions. The national government focused on the growth of major metropolitan areas, stimulating suburban development and homeownership in the suburbs from the 1950s to the 1980s. However, after the late 1990s, the target shifted from the suburbs to the city centers. Alongside global competition among cities, the long-term recession of the Japanese economy, and social changes, continuous investment to grow central Tokyo has increased in importance. In contrast, suburban neighborhoods are facing challenges related to an aging population and an increase in housing vacancies. Although government intervention is necessary, there are limited possibilities for the outer suburbs to revitalize and re-grow. The sharp contrast between the growth in city centers and the shrinking suburbs, and specifically the divided Tokyo, will become more obvious in the next decade.


id: cord-023049-fio7cjj5
title: 2017 Peripheral Nerve Society Meeting July 8–12, 2017 Sitges, Barcelona, Spain
author: nan
date: 2017-06-22
txt: ./txt/cord-023049-fio7cjj5.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-023049-fio7cjj5.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7166380/
doi: 10.1111/jns.12225
abstract: nan
summary:
  Clinical efficacy (Medical Research Council sum score, 10-m walk, modified Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment score, Overall Neuropathy Limitations Scale, Romberg test) and patient-reported outcomes (36-item Short Form Health Survey , Life Quality Index [LQI] ) were assessed at baseline and at regular intervals until the final visit (10-14 months after switching). To explore the issue of early biomarkers in FAP, we performed skin biopsy and compared IENF density with parameters of nerve conduction studies (NCS) and quantitative sensory testing (QST) on 36 subjects (23 men, aged 55.1 ± 11.1 years) with genetic confirmation of TTR-A97S: 17 patients and 19 carriers. Results: The Gly112Ser mutation causing CMT1C is a mild form of CMT, as patients walked on time, had less weakness than those with Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease type 1A (CMT1A), had a Charcot Marie Tooth neuropathy score (CMTNS) indicative of mild disease, and had faster ulnar and median motor nerve conduction velocities compared to those with CMT1A.


id: cord-024984-d9s7akd5
title: A Brief History of Bioethics in Japan
author: Akabayashi, Akira
date: 2020-05-20
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7236063/
doi: 10.1007/978-981-15-3572-7_1
abstract:
  In this chapter I look back at the history of bioethics in Japan, which can be divided into three phases: Phase I, Introduction (1980–1999); Phase II, Development (2000–2010); and Phase III, the Recent Past (2011–present). Phase I marks the period when the concept of bioethics that originated in the West came to Japan. It was also when Japanese society faced its first difficult bioethical issues: namely brain-death and organ transplantation. Other issues emerged during this period, particularly pertaining to death, such as end-of-life medical care and euthanasia. In Phase II, the problems shifted to those pertaining to the beginning of life, such as the moral status of the human embryo. As well, during this period the government implemented ethical guidelines for research ethics. During this period, social awareness of bioethics increased, and bioethics education began to appear not only medical education, but also within high school curricula. In Phase III, Japan began to tackle its own ethical issues, such as enhancement, regenerative medicine, neuroethics, public health ethics, and precision medicine. Some of my thoughts concerning projections for the future are discussed at the end of this chapter.


id: cord-025108-fucyt0zc
title: COVID-19 and Japanese shareholder activism: brief respite for Japan’s self-healing concrete
author: Yoshikawa, Toru
date: 2020-05-22
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7243218/
doi: 10.1057/s41291-020-00122-2
abstract:
  Extrapolating from modern international understanding of corporate Japan’s distinct form of managerial capitalism, we elaborate on the growing momentum of shareholder activism in Japan leading up to the COVID-19 health crisis, so as to inform the subsequent discussion on the relevant primary considerations that belie the future direction of shareholder activism in Japan post-COVID-19. On an initial logical extrapolation, it appears probable that COVID-19 could mark the peak of Japanese activism. However, it is crucial to acknowledge that the success of Japan’s managerial capitalism have also declined, which poses a question on to which direction Japanese corporate governance may be shifting. Finally, we point out how corporate Japan’s impeding market developments will provide a useful case-study for global financial discourse.


id: cord-030502-mvlib8ol
title: Early steroid pulse therapy among children with influenza virus-associated encephalopathy
author: Hatachi, Takeshi
date: 2020-08-12
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7422675/
doi: 10.1186/s40560-020-00479-8
abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Influenza virus-associated encephalopathy (IAE) can lead to neurological sequela and mortality among children. Therefore, instant recognition and therapeutic intervention for IAE are crucial. In some clinical subtypes of IAE, steroid pulse therapy might be beneficial, especially when it is administered in the early phase. However, early identification of patients who may benefit from steroid pulse therapy is sometimes difficult. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of early steroid pulse therapy among children with IAE. METHODS: In this retrospective observational study, we used a national database that covers half of the acute care inpatients across Japan to identify inpatients aged ≤ 18 years with a diagnosis of IAE between July 2010 and March 2017. Unfavorable outcome was defined as a composite outcome of sequela including Japan Coma Scale ≥ 10 at discharge, requiring tracheostomy, mechanical ventilation, enteral tube feeding, rehabilitation at discharge, or in-hospital death. Propensity score matching was performed to compare unfavorable outcome and in-hospital mortality between patients with and without steroid pulse therapy within 2 days of admission. RESULTS: Among 692 patients included in the study, the mean age was 5.8 years, and 55.8% were male. The overall in-hospital mortality was 1.3%, and the proportion of the unfavorable outcome was 15.0%. We observed no significant difference in the unfavorable outcome between matched patients (168 patients in each group) with and without early steroid pulse therapy (13.7% vs 8.3%; P = 0.16) or in-hospital mortality (0.6% vs 1.2%; P = 1.0). CONCLUSIONS: We did not observe the effectiveness of early steroid pulse therapy on patient outcomes among children with IAE in our study population including all clinical subtypes of IAE. Further studies considering severity of illness are warranted to determine whether steroid pulse therapy is beneficial, especially for specific clinical subtypes of IAE.


id: cord-031840-k9l91unc
title: Forum: COVID-19 Dispatches
author: Lu, Li
date: 2020-09-11
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7488168/
doi: 10.1177/1532708620953190
abstract:
  COVID-19 pandemic is the first truly global crisis in the digital age. With death count worldwide reaching 586,000 merely 7 months after its first outbreak in China in late December 2019 and 13.6 million cases reported in 188 countries and territories as of July 2020, this ongoing pandemic has spread far beyond domain of world health problem to become an unprecedented challenge facing humanity at every level. In addition to causing social and economic disruptions on a scale unseen before, it has turned the world into a site of biopolitical agon where science and reason are forced to betray their impotence against cultish thinking in the planetary endgame depicted in so many dystopian science fictions. It is in this context that this forum offers a set of modest reflections on the current impacts incurred by the COVID-19 virus. Blending ethnographic observations with theory-driven reflections, the five authors address issues made manifest by the crisis across different regions, while keeping their sight on the sociopolitical problems plaguing our life both individually and collectively. Taken together, they provide a grounded documentary for the archive that the COVID-19 virus is making us to construct.


id: cord-032344-2cbeukpr
author: Huang, Michael C.
date: 2020-09-19
txt: ./txt/cord-032344-2cbeukpr.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-032344-2cbeukpr.txt
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mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7501769/
doi: 10.1007/s40847-020-00113-1
summary:
  To unfold the paradox of the R&D spillover effect spared in the global supply chain, we use computable general equilibrium model with the GTAP database v10 to analyze the impact of Japan''s public R&D investment to the world focus on key sectors of global supply chain, namely chemical and pharmaceutical, electronic equipment, machinery, and transportation equipment to examine its output, external trades, and welfare. Since the 1990s, the foreign direct investment (FDI) outflow from Japan and other newly industrialized economies (NIEs) in Asia have contributed to regional production networks with substantial share global demand for electronic equipment, transport equipment, and machinery. The composite of Japan''s manufacturing and population began to have structural change with higher input of electronic equipment in communication, energy, and agriculture, resulting in more economic integration with the global supply chain.

title:
  The impact of R&D and innovation on global supply chain transition: GTAP analysis on Japan’s public R&D investment

abstract:
  Policymaking for science, technology, and innovation (R&D) is stepping into a new era in the twenty-first century within a highly integrated production network, making it more challenging to capture the impact of R&D investment from an evidence-based approach. To unfold the paradox of the R&D spillover effect spared in the global supply chain, we use computable general equilibrium model with the GTAP database v10 to analyze the impact of Japan’s public R&D investment to the world focus on key sectors of global supply chain, namely chemical and pharmaceutical, electronic equipment, machinery, and transportation equipment to examine its output, external trades, and welfare. The productivity parameters triggered by public R&D investment are calibrated from the SciREX Policymaking Intelligent Assistance System—Economic Simulator (SPIAS-e). The simulation results show significant increase in Japan’s output and export for chemical and pharmaceutical, electronic equipment, and transportation equipment. The GDP growth was stimulated by 0.6% and substantial welfare improvement by USD 78,000 million, while other countries such as Malaysia and Taiwan by 0.4–0.6%. In contrast, the economic indicators of China reveal a negative impact, implying a structural change in the composition of the production network. It is notable to see a higher economic integration of Oceania within the region through its vibrant production and trades. The study provides comprehensive global analysis on production networks and insights for evaluating the R&D investment spillover effects.


id: cord-033756-j8jj7qff
title: Olympic Recoveries
author: McDonald, Kate
date: 2020-08-17
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7556900/
doi: 10.1017/s0021911820002296
abstract:
  In March 2020, Prime Minister Abe Shinzō, the Tokyo Olympic Organising Committee, and the International Olympic Committee postponed the 2020 Tokyo Olympics for one year. The delay is the most prominent consequence of the COVID-19 crisis in Japan thus far. But the “Corona Calamity” (korona ka) is bigger than the Olympics. The totality of the disaster is impossible to capture. The very thing that makes it a calamity are the myriad rhythms of crisis that intersect at COVID-19. If there is a shared theme to be found in these rhythms, it is the question of recovery. When will it happen? What will it look like? And what, exactly, will we recover? In what follows, I share three rhythms of crisis and recovery: national history, the tourism industry, and the parcel delivery industry.


id: cord-257167-rz4r5sj7
title: Abstracts for the 29th Annual Meeting of the Japan Neuroscience Society (Neuroscience2006)
author: nan
date: 2006-12-31
txt: ./txt/cord-257167-rz4r5sj7.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-257167-rz4r5sj7.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S016801020600085X
doi: 10.1016/j.neures.2006.04.004
abstract: nan
summary:
  SY1-3-11-3 SAD: A novel kinase implicated in phosphoproteome at the presynaptic active zone Toshihisa Ohtsuka Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine/Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan SAD is a serine/threonine kianse, which has been shown to regulate various neuronal functions during development, including clustering synaptic vesicles, maturation of synapses, and axon/dendrite polarization: these have recently been revealed by genetic studies in C. The results suggest that EAAT4 plays a major role in regulating the concentration of CF transmitters, possibly glutamate, in the route of its extrasynaptic diffusion, and determining the degree of CF-induced inhibition of GABA release from BCs depending on the regional difference of EAAT4 expression in postsynaptic PCs. Chitoshi Takayama 1 , Yoshiro Inoue 1 1 Department of Molecular Neuroanatomy, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan GABA mediates inhibitory transmission in the adult central nervous system (CNS).


id: cord-257189-foodz5c5
author: Ueno, Tomoaki
date: 2020-04-15
url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.11.20061697v1?rss=1
doi: 10.1101/2020.04.11.20061697
title:
  Surveillance by age-class and prefecture for emerging infectious febrile diseases with respiratory symptoms, including COVID−19

abstract:
  Object The COVID-19 outbreak emerged in late 2019 in China, expanding rapidly thereafter. Even in Japan, epidemiological linkage of transmission was probably lost already by February 18, 2020. From that time, it has been necessary to detect clusters using syndromic surveillance. Method We identified common symptoms of COVID-19 as fever and respiratory symptoms. Therefore, we constructed a model to predict the number of patients with antipyretic analgesics (AP) and multi-ingredient cold medications (MIC) controlling well-known pediatric infectious diseases including influenza or RS virus infection. To do so, we used the National Official Sentinel Surveillance for Infectious Diseases (NOSSID), even though NOSSID data are weekly data with 10 day delays, on average. The probability of a cluster with unknown febrile disease with respiratory symptoms is a product of the probabilities of aberrations in AP and MIC, which is defined as one minus the probability of the number of patients prescribed a certain type of drug in PS compared to the number predicted using a model. This analysis was conducted prospectively in 2020 using data from October 1, 2010 through 2019 by prefecture and by age-class. Results The probability of unknown febrile disease with respiratory symptom cluster was estimated as less than 60% in 2020. Discussion The most severe limitation of the present study is that the proposed model cannot be validated. A large outbreak of an unknown febrile disease with respiratory symptoms must be experienced, at which time, practitioners will have to wing it. We expect that no actual cluster of unknown febrile disease with respiratory symptoms will occur, but if it should occur, we hope to detect it.


id: cord-258777-9jxvngvz
title: The Okinawa Infectious Diseases Initiative
author: Kunii, Osamu
date: 2006-12-22
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1471492206003126
doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2006.12.008
abstract:
  At the Kyushu–Okinawa Group of Eight summit in 2000, Japan announced the Okinawa Infectious Diseases Initiative (IDI) and pledged to spend US$3 billion over a five year period to combat infectious and parasitic diseases in developing countries. The IDI has exceeded expectations, spending more than US$4 billion over four years. The IDI is a unique initiative with its own philosophical basis and specifically tailored interventions and measures that helped to initiate worldwide political and financial commitments in the fight against infectious diseases. Notably, it promoted partnerships among stakeholders and emphasized comprehensive and inter-sectoral approaches (i.e. coordination and collaboration between health and other sectors). It helped to create a new vision of what is possible in the global effort against communicable diseases and has been instrumental in shaping the changing environments of development assistance, poverty reduction and other trends to reduce the impact of infectious and parasitic diseases.


id: cord-265023-lq5259yr
author: Venter, Zoë
date: 2020-08-03
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32836740/
doi: 10.1057/s41294-020-00129-w
title:
  The Interaction Between Conventional Monetary Policy and Financial Stability: Chile, Colombia, Japan, Portugal and the UK

abstract:
  The relationship between monetary policy and financial stability has gained importance in recent years as Central Bank policy rates neared the zero-lower bound. We use an SVAR model to study the impact of monetary policy shocks on three proxies for financial stability as well as a proxy for economic growth. Monetary policy is represented by policy rates for the emerging market economies and shadow rates for the advanced economies in our paper. Our main results show that monetary policy may be used to correct asset mispricing, to control fluctuations in the real business cycle and also to tame credit cycles in the majority of cases. Our results also show that for the majority of cases, in line with conventional wisdom, local currencies appreciate following a positive monetary policy shock. Monetary policy intervention may indeed be successful in contributing to or achieving financial stability. The results, however, show that monetary policy may not have the ability to maintain or re-establish financial stability in all cases. Alternative policy choices such as macroprudential policy tool frameworks which are aimed at targeting the financial system as a whole may be implemented as a means of fortifying the economy.


id: cord-265230-ozyx8u64
author: Takahari, Daisuke
date: 2020-10-21
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33085057/
doi: 10.1007/s10147-020-01806-7
title:
  Managing a gastrointestinal oncology practice in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic: single institutional experience in The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research

abstract:
  Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared to be a global pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. On April 7, 2020, a state of emergency was declared in Japan, as had been by other nations worldwide. This unprecedented crisis has profound implications for patients undergoing chemotherapy and for practicing healthcare professionals. Various reports have shown data indicating that cancer patients with COVID-19 have high morbidity and mortality rates. In order to reduce the use of medical resources to avoid the risk of COVID-19 infections in both cancer patients and health care providers, oncologists now have to draw the line for cancer treatments by maintaining their efficacy while avoiding severe adverse events. In this article, we outlined the decisions made regarding the practice of gastrointestinal oncology in our institution during the COVID pandemic.


id: cord-267235-8v2sz7xm
author: Lee, K.
date: 2011-01-13
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21824337/
doi: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2010.01384.x
title:
  Prevalence of Salmonella, Yersinia and Campylobacter spp. in Feral Raccoons (Procyon lotor) and Masked Palm Civets (Paguma larvata) in Japan

abstract:
  To estimate the public and animal health risk that alien species pose, the prevalence of Salmonella, Yersinia, and Campylobacter spp. in feral raccoons (Procyon lotor, n = 459) and masked palm civets (Paguma larvata, n = 153), which are abundant alien species in Japan, was investigated in urban and suburban areas of Japan. Salmonella enterica was detected from 29 samples [26 raccoons, 5.7%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 7.8–3.5%; three masked palm civets, 2.0%, 95% CI 4.2–0%]. Many of the isolates belonged to serovars that are commonly isolated from human gastroenteritis patients (e.g. S. Infantis, S. Typhimurium, and S. Thompson). The antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that 26.9 % of the isolates from raccoons were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent, whereas none of the isolates from masked palm civets were resistant. Yersinia sp. was detected from 193 samples (177 raccoons, 38.6%, 95% CI 43.0–34.1%; 16 masked palm civets, 10.5%, 95% CI 15.3–5.6%). All virulent Yersinia strains belonged to Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, which was isolated from seven (1.5%, 95% CI 2.6–0.4%) raccoons and six (3.9%, 95% CI 7.0–0.8%) masked palm civets. According to the detection of virulence factors, all the Y. pseudotuberculosis isolates belonged to the Far Eastern systemic pathogenicity type. Campylobacter spp. was detected from 17 samples (six raccoons, 1.3%, 95% CI 2.3–0.3%; 11 masked palm civets, 7.2%, 95% CI 11.3–3.1%). Among these, three isolates from raccoons were identified as C. jejuni. These results showed that these pathogens can be transmitted by human activities, other wild animals, and the environment to feral raccoons and masked palm civets, and vice versa. As these animals have omnivorous behaviour and a wide range of habitats, they can play an important role in the transmission of the enteric pathogens.


id: cord-267953-d2mpjkxh
author: Kayama, Misa
date: 2020-10-15
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105612
doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105612
title:
  Acculturation and a sense of belonging of children in U.S. schools and communities: The case of Japanese families

abstract:
  The population of immigrants in the U.S. continues to grow, with more than one million immigrants arriving every year. This study examines the acculturation of new immigrant and temporary resident children and their parents from Japan, as they navigate two cultures and seek a sense of belonging. Acculturation to a new culture poses various psychosocial challenges, including a loss of a sense of belonging, which can result in social isolation and withdrawal. Examination of the experiences of families from Japan, where group belonging is highly valued, can illuminate the role of belonging to acculturation. We examined individual interviews with 14 Japanese parents in U.S. southern cities. During the interviews, they described the experiences of a total of 23 children from preschool to 9th grade. Parents indicated an absence of a place for children where they feel a sense of belonging (i.e., Ibasho) in their local schools, which resulted in social isolation, psychological exhaustion, and a reluctance to seek support. Children, however, found their Ibasho at a Japanese Supplementary School, where they attended weekly to receive academic instruction in Japanese, enjoyed playing with Japanese friends, and gained energy to navigate challenges at their local schools. The Supplementary School also served as parents’ Ibasho where they exchanged information to navigate cross-cultural experiences. This study has implications for how we can better support acculturation of new immigrant and temporary resident families including those from other cultural groups.


id: cord-269640-0u3e1493
title: Research and control of parasitic diseases in Japan: current position and future perspectives
author: Kasai, Takeshi
date: 2007-03-09
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1471492207000578
doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2007.02.011
abstract:
  Between 1950 and 1980, Japan eliminated several major parasitic diseases. In 1998, the Japanese Hashimoto Initiative was the first global programme to target parasitic diseases. Thereafter, Japan expanded its international cooperation to cover infectious diseases through integrated development programmes to improve health, to alleviate poverty and to help to achieve the Millennium Development Goals of the United Nations. Parasite control remains a major component of all subsequent operations. Opportunities to build upon past successes in order to improve the situation in the developing world – in addition to tackling emerging national threats – are promising. Substantial challenges remain and Japan has introduced major national reforms to try to overcome them.


id: cord-270265-gehesmpu
title: Liver Care and Surveillance: The Global Impact of the COVID‐19 Pandemic
author: Toyoda, Hidenori
date: 2020-08-03
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32838107/
doi: 10.1002/hep4.1579
abstract:
  As social distancing and strict stay‐at‐home orders have been instituted to slow the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), unintentional outcomes among those with chronic diseases including screening for the lethal hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may be occurring. We aimed to describe the changes in liver care before and after COVID‐19 restricted access to health care. We obtained data on the number of liver clinic visits, abdominal ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging using electronic query or clinic registry at three medical centers in the United States, Japan, and Singapore for the following periods: February 1 to March 14, 2018, 2019, and 2020; and March 15 to May 1, 2018, 2019, and 2020. We performed trend analysis using logistic regression. In total, 14,403 visits were made to the liver clinics at the three centers: 5,900 in 2018, 5,270 in 2019, and 3,233 in 2020. Overall, there were no significant changes in the distribution of males and females between February 1 and May 1 from 2018 to 2020, but there was a lower proportion of seniors ages 65 years and older (P < 0.001). There were significant decreasing trends in the total number of liver clinic visits overall (p‐trend = 0.038) and in the subanalysis for chronic hepatitis B, C, and other liver diseases. HCC/cirrhosis visits also dropped from 883 to 538 (39.07% decrease) overall and 665 to 355 (46.62% decrease) for the US site. In addition, there was a significant decreasing trend in the number of abdominal ultrasounds (P‐trend = 0.004) and computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (P‐trend = 0.007) performed overall. Conclusion: Liver clinic visits, hepatoma surveillance, and diagnostic abdominal imaging fell dramatically as social distancing measures were instituted. Care providers must find ways to recall patients for important care monitoring, including HCC surveillance.


id: cord-275058-61eof7y8
author: Inoue, Hiroyasu
date: 2020-09-15
url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239251
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239251
title:
  The propagation of economic impacts through supply chains: The case of a mega-city lockdown to prevent the spread of COVID-19

abstract:
  This study quantifies the economic effect of a possible lockdown of Tokyo to prevent the spread of COVID-19. The negative effect of such a lockdown may propagate to other regions through supply chains because of supply and demand shortages. Applying an agent-based model to the actual supply chains of nearly 1.6 million firms in Japan, we simulate what would happen to production activities outside Tokyo if production activities that are not essential to citizens’ survival in Tokyo were shut down for a certain period. We find that if Tokyo were locked down for a month, the indirect effect on other regions would be twice as large as the direct effect on Tokyo, leading to a total production loss of 27 trillion yen in Japan or 5.2% of the country’s annual GDP. Although the production that would be shut down in Tokyo accounts for 21% of the total production in Japan, the lockdown would result in an 86% reduction of the daily production in Japan after one month.


id: cord-275828-c6d6nk7x
author: Mikasa, Keiichi
date: 2016-07-31
txt: ./txt/cord-275828-c6d6nk7x.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-275828-c6d6nk7x.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1341321X16000283
doi: 10.1016/j.jiac.2015.12.019
abstract: nan
summary:
  -SBT/ABPC, intravenous drip, 3 g/3e4 times a day -CTRX, intravenous drip, 1 g/twice a day or 2 g/once a day -CTX, intravenous drip, 1e2 g/2e3 times a day -LVFX, intravenous drip, 500 mg/once a day (2) Cases of late-onset hospital-acquired pneumonia or ventilator-associated pneumonia in which the risk of resistant bacteria is high An antimicrobial drug with anti-pseudomonal activity that targets non-glucose-fermentative gram-negative rod should be administered [50, 51, 68] -To treat polymicrobial infection, the administration of an antimicrobial drug with an activity against obligate anaerobe is not always necessary [67, 70] . -SBT/ABPC, intravenous drip, 3 g/3e4 times a day -CTRX, intravenous drip, 2 g/once a day or 1 g/twice a day -CTX, intravenous drip, 1e2 g/2e3 times a day -LVFX, intravenous drip, 500 mg/once a day (2) Late-onset hospital-acquired pneumonia or cases in which there is a risk of multi-drug-resistant bacteria In addition to the above pathogens, the involvement of non-glucose-fermentative gram negative bacteria or ESBLproducing enteric bacteria must be considered. For the treatment of immunodeficiency-/blood disease-related pneumonia in children, antimicrobial drug therapy should also be basically selected, considering causative microorganisms.

title:
  JAID/JSC Guidelines for the Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases: The Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases/Japanese Society of Chemotherapy – The JAID/JSC Guide to Clinical Management of Infectious Disease/Guideline-preparing Committee Respiratory Infectious Disease WG


id: cord-280937-9z37ob31
author: Morimoto, Tomoko
date: 2009-11-26
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12199-009-0122-9
doi: 10.1007/s12199-009-0122-9
title:
  Assessment of intervention strategies against a novel influenza epidemic using an individual-based model

abstract:
  OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to assess intervention strategies against a novel influenza epidemic through simulations of various scenarios in Sapporo city, Hokkaido, Japan. A series of interventions were examined: administration of antiviral drugs by two approaches [targeted antiviral prophylaxis (TAP) and school-age targeted antiviral prophylaxis (STAP)], school closure, restraint, and combinations of these four interventions. METHODS: In order to generate a more realistic situation, we constructed an individual-based model (IBM) for the transmission of influenza in which each individual was assigned personal information on the basis of the National Census and Employment Status Survey of Sapporo city. In addition, data on high-risk casual contact groups commuting in crowded trains and buses were obtained from a census on transportation modes and introduced into the model. Observational data from previous pandemics were used for the epidemiological parameters. RESULTS: Both TAP and STAP interventions were highly effective in suppressing the spread of infection during the early period of an outbreak, but STAP was inferior to TAP in terms of the ripple effect of the administration of antiviral drugs. School closure and restraint were able to bring about a delay in the peak of infection. The combination of TAP, school closure, and restraint interventions were highly effective in decreasing the total number of patients and shortening the epidemic period. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the simulation results, we recommend implementing TAP together with both school closure and restraint as strategies against a future novel influenza outbreak.


id: cord-284546-cbbtrksq
author: Foxton, Richard M.
date: 2020-09-20
txt: ./txt/cord-284546-cbbtrksq.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-284546-cbbtrksq.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32983288/
doi: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2020.08.003
summary:
  It looks sequentially at the operative steps involved including remineralisation with bioactive cements, bonding to caries-affected dentine including smear-layer modification using HOCl, creation of an acid-base resistance zone,steps to optimise the performance of all-in-one adhesives, and incremental placement of direct composite resin to improve bond strengths to cavity floor dentine. The following topics will be discussed: operative management of caries extending into dentine, remineralisation with bioactive cements, bonding to caries-affected dentine including smear-layer modification using HOCl, creation of an acid-base resistance zone, steps to optimise the performance of all-in-one adhesives and incremental placement of direct composite resin to improve bond strengths to cavity floor dentine. Having now discussed how we could provide "painless" dentistry by careful removal of soft, caries-infected dentine, seal the cavity and prevent caries progression by adhesive enamel bonding and how the hybrid layer and an acid-base resistant zone offer the ability to prevent primary and secondary caries, it is clear that carefully applied adhesive direct composite resin restorations can offer the patient additional benefits by their ability to fill minimally prepared cavities, offer aesthetically pleasing results and good long-term durability [8] .

title:
  Current concepts for operatively managing carious lesions extending into dentine using bioactive and adhesive direct restorative materials

abstract:
  This article reviews the current concepts for operatively managing carious lesions extending into dentine with minimal removal of tooth structure and restoring with dentine adhesives and direct composite resin. It looks sequentially at the operative steps involved including remineralisation with bioactive cements, bonding to caries-affected dentine including smear-layer modification using HOCl, creation of an acid-base resistance zone,steps to optimise the performance of all-in-one adhesives, and incremental placement of direct composite resin to improve bond strengths to cavity floor dentine. It explores how understanding the phenomenon of colour-shifting at the composite resin-enamel/dentine restoration borders can help in creating near “invisible” restoration margins through a “chameleon” effect. With the increased risks of transmission of Covid-19 when aerosol generating procedures are carried out in Dentistry, following a minimally invasive approach to managing dental caries should be given serious consideration.


id: cord-284711-l1za83w1
title: Human security and universal health insurance
author: Anand, Sudhir
date: 2011-08-30
txt: ./txt/cord-284711-l1za83w1.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-284711-l1za83w1.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673611611483
doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(11)61148-3
abstract: nan
summary:
  title: Human security and universal health insurance Here the concern is to insure against falling below an adequate threshold of human capabilities-in the case of a person''s health, a minimum acceptable level. Without health insurance, a severe medical crisis that threatens survival, for example, can have disastrous fi nancial implications-that can aff ect human security in many other dimensions. Universal health insurance thus contributes directly to furthering human security. 3, [8] [9] [10] [11] Indeed, universal health coverage in Japan, now in existence for 50 years, is indicative of the priority that Japan accords to human security. Over the decades, Japan has also undertaken policies to advance human security in other dimensions, such as basic education, social protection, and economic safety nets. Internationally, Japan has used the concept of human security to guide assistance to developing countries through bilateral aid and multilateral policies. A central manifestation of these actions is the country''s commitment to universal health insurance.


id: cord-288304-80bn2wgd
author: Sun, Y.
date: 2020-05-23
url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.22.20109660v1?rss=1
doi: 10.1101/2020.05.22.20109660
title:
  The effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) on the spread of COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: A modeling study

abstract:
  Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) are founded to be effective to delay epidemic spread and to reduce the number of patients. Moderate NPIs took in Japan seemed to have reduced the COVID-19 patients and to lower death rates, thus, effects of those NPIs are worthy of investigation. We used open source data and divided the data into three periods: Jan 22 to Feb 25 (Period I), Feb 26 to Apr 6 (Period II), and Apr 7 to May 14 (Period III). We developed the SIRD model and applied the Monte Carlo Simulation to estimate a combination of optimal results, including the peak of infected cases, the peak date, and R0. For Period I, the estimated peak infected cases were smaller than the observed ones, the peak date was earlier than the observed one, and the R0 was about 4.66. For the other two periods, the estimated cases were more, and the peak dates were earlier than the observed ones. The R0 was 2.50 in Period II, and 1.79 in Period III. NPIs took in Japan might have reduced more than 50% of the daily contacts per people compared to that before COVID-19. Owing to the effects of NPIs, the Japanese society had avoided collapse of medical service. Nevertheless, the capacity of daily RT-PCR may have restricted the reported confirmed cases.


id: cord-289335-9agazyre
author: DeWit, Andrew
date: 2020-08-13
txt: ./txt/cord-289335-9agazyre.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-289335-9agazyre.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101808
doi: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101808
summary:
  title: An Integrated Approach to Sustainable Development, National Resilience, and COVID-19 Responses: The Case of Japan Japan''s integrated solutions show that pandemic response can include accelerated decarbonization and resilient, sustainable development. National Resilience Plans (NRP) and disaster reconstruction; economic risk countermeasures; and "Post 2020 Olympic Games" legacy investment in Society 5.0, SDGs-inclusive society. Having analysed Japan''s financial stimulus in responding to COVID-19 response from section 2 to 3, we turn to examine how integrated financial and economic stimulus can foster a rights-based, low carbon, resilient and sustainable recovery. Specifically concerning fiscal countermeasures to COVID-19 and its economic fallout, failure to include climate action risks accelerated global warming. The 2030 Agenda thus embodies the shared responsibility and global solidarity essential to making COVID-19 recovery a major step in the long journey back from planetary boundaries and towards sustainable and resilient communities.

title:
  An Integrated Approach to Sustainable Development, National Resilience, and COVID-19 Responses: The Case of Japan

abstract:
  Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has led to historic economic fallout. To protect public health and stabilize incomes, governments have implemented massive fiscal stimulus packages. These fiscal supports are crucial, though there is concern that sustainable and resilient development will be sacrificed in the rush to preserve incomes and industries. The aim of the paper is to review whether the Japanese governments’ responses in terms of financial stimulus considers longer term resilience and sustainability. This paper reviews pertinent academic literature and publicly available data from governments and organisations. The research is a rapid analysis of emerging information provided by the government of Japan and other international organisations. Using the case of Japan, this paper suggests that it is possible both to protect public health and essential services, while also promoting resilience and sustainability. Japan's integrated solutions show that pandemic response can include accelerated decarbonization and resilient, sustainable development. The paper also warns also that failure to act on long-term sustainability risks increased inequality, higher opportunity costs, cascading hazards, and further retreat from planetary thinking and globalism.


id: cord-289422-5z012sr6
title: Prediction of the Epidemic Peak of Coronavirus Disease in Japan, 2020
author: Kuniya, Toshikazu
date: 2020-03-13
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32183172/
doi: 10.3390/jcm9030789
abstract:
  The first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Japan was reported on 15 January 2020 and the number of reported cases has increased day by day. The purpose of this study is to give a prediction of the epidemic peak for COVID-19 in Japan by using the real-time data from 15 January to 29 February 2020. Taking into account the uncertainty due to the incomplete identification of infective population, we apply the well-known SEIR compartmental model for the prediction. By using a least-square-based method with Poisson noise, we estimate that the basic reproduction number for the epidemic in Japan is [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] CI, [Formula: see text] – [Formula: see text]) and the epidemic peak could possibly reach the early-middle summer. In addition, we obtain the following epidemiological insights: (1) the essential epidemic size is less likely to be affected by the rate of identification of the actual infective population; (2) the intervention has a positive effect on the delay of the epidemic peak; (3) intervention over a relatively long period is needed to effectively reduce the final epidemic size.


id: cord-291644-5y0ioety
author: Akiyama, Tomohiro
date: 2020-08-29
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32872395/
doi: 10.3390/nano10091699
title:
  The Natural-Mineral-Based Novel Nanomaterial IFMC Increases Intravascular Nitric Oxide without Its Intake: Implications for COVID-19 and beyond

abstract:
  There are currently no promising therapy strategies for either the treatment or prevention of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), despite the urgent need. In addition to respiratory diseases, vascular complications are rapidly emerging as a key threat of COVID-19. Existing nitric oxide (NO) therapies have been shown to improve the vascular system; however, they have different limitations in terms of safety, usability and availability. In light of this, we hypothesise that a natural-mineral-based novel nanomaterial, which was developed based on NO therapy, might be a viable strategy for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19. The present study examined if it could induce an increase of intravascular NO, vasodilation and the consequent increase of blood flow rate and temperature in a living body. The intravascular NO concentration in the hepatic portal of rats was increased by 0.17 nM over 35.2 s on average after its application. An ultrasonic Doppler flow meter showed significant increases in the blood flow rate and vessel diameter, but no difference in the blood flow velocity. These were corroborated by measurements of human hand surface temperature. To our knowledge, this result is the first evidence where an increase of intravascular NO and vasodilation were induced by bringing a natural-mineral-based nanomaterial into contact with or close to a living body. The precise mechanisms remain a matter for further investigation; however, we may assume that endothelial NO synthase, haemoglobin and endothelium-derived hyperpolarising factor are deeply involved in the increase of intravascular NO.


id: cord-292451-2tpef19n
title: The COVID-19 pandemic and the true incidence of tuberculosis in Japan
author: Komiya, Kosaku
date: 2020-07-07
txt: ./txt/cord-292451-2tpef19n.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-292451-2tpef19n.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016344532030462X?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.07.004
abstract: nan
summary:
  title: The COVID-19 pandemic and the true incidence of tuberculosis in Japan A recent report in the present journal focused on the decreased incidence of tuberculosis during the COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan. 1 A declining trend in influenza following the COVID-19 outbreak has already been indicated in Brazil, Singapore and Japan. These prevention measures for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission may have contributed to a decline in many types of infectious diseases. 1 However, whether or not the decline in tuberculosis incidence is actually due to these prevention measures, as with other respiratory infectious diseases, is unclear. 6 As such, the infection control measures enacted to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission a short time after the COVID-19 outbreak are not expected to influence the trend in tuberculosis incidence. The COVID-19 Pandemic and Tuberculosis in Taiwan.


id: cord-295201-u2dola34
author: Morimoto, Konosuke
date: 2015-03-30
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25822890/
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122247
title:
  The Burden and Etiology of Community-Onset Pneumonia in the Aging Japanese Population: A Multicenter Prospective Study

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: The increasing burden of pneumonia in adults is an emerging health issue in the era of global population aging. This study was conducted to elucidate the burden of community-onset pneumonia (COP) and its etiologic fractions in Japan, the world’s most aged society. METHODS: A multicenter prospective surveillance for COP was conducted from September 2011 to January 2013 in Japan. All pneumonia patients aged ≥15 years, including those with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and health care-associated pneumonia (HCAP), were enrolled at four community hospitals on four major islands. The COP burden was estimated based on the surveillance data and national statistics. RESULTS: A total of 1,772 COP episodes out of 932,080 hospital visits were enrolled during the surveillance. The estimated overall incidence rates of adult COP, hospitalization, and in-hospital death were 16.9 (95% confidence interval, 13.6 to 20.9), 5.3 (4.5 to 6.2), and 0.7 (0.6 to 0.8) per 1,000 person-years (PY), respectively. The incidence rates sharply increased with age; the incidence in people aged ≥85 years was 10-fold higher than that in people aged 15-64 years. The estimated annual number of adult COP cases in the entire Japanese population was 1,880,000, and 69.4% were aged ≥65 years. Aspiration-associated pneumonia (630,000) was the leading etiologic category, followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae-associated pneumonia (530,000), Haemophilus influenzae-associated pneumonia (420,000), and respiratory virus-associated pneumonia (420,000), including influenza-associated pneumonia (30,000). CONCLUSIONS: A substantial portion of the COP burden occurs among elderly members of the Japanese adult population. In addition to the introduction of effective vaccines for S. pneumoniae and influenza, multidimensional approaches are needed to reduce the pneumonia burden in an aging society.


id: cord-297724-xoqrc3xo
title: Large-scale survey of adverse reactions to canine non-rabies combined vaccines in Japan
author: Miyaji, Kazuki
date: 2012-01-15
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22264736/
doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.12.023
abstract:
  Canine non-rabies combined vaccines are widely used to protect animals from infectious agents, and also play an important role in public health. We performed a large-scale survey to investigate vaccine-associated adverse events (VAAEs), including anaphylaxis, in Japan by distributing questionnaires on VAAEs to veterinary hospitals from April 1, 2006 through May 31, 2007. Valid responses were obtained for 57,300 vaccinated dogs at 573 animal hospitals; we obtained VAAEs information for last 100 vaccinated dogs in each veterinary hospital. We found that of the 57,300, 359 dogs showed VAAEs. Of the 359 dogs, death was observed in 1, anaphylaxis in 41, dermatological signs in 244, gastrointestinal signs in 160, and other signs in 106. Onset of VAAEs was mostly observed within 12 h after vaccination (n = 299, 83.3%). In this study, anaphylaxis events occurred within 60 min after vaccination, and about half of these events occurred within 5 min (n = 19, 46.3%). Furthermore, where anaphylaxis was reported, additional information to support the diagnosis was obtained by reinvestigation. Our resurvey of dogs with anaphylaxis yielded responses on 31 dogs; 27 of these demonstrated collapse (87.1%), 24 demonstrated cyanosis (77.4%), and both signs occurred in 22 (71.0%). Higher rates of animal VAAEs, anaphylaxis, and death were found in Japan than in other countries. Further investigations, including survey studies, will be necessary to elucidate the interaction between death and vaccination and the risk factors for VAAEs, and thus develop safer vaccines. Moreover, it may also be necessary to continually update the data of VAAEs.


id: cord-298009-0iv9fdof
author: Hori, Keiko
date: 2020-08-06
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-020-00835-5
doi: 10.1007/s11625-020-00835-5
title:
  Projecting population distribution under depopulation conditions in Japan: scenario analysis for future socio-ecological systems

abstract:
  This study develops a projection model of future population distribution on the basis of Japan’s current depopulation trend and applies this model to scenario analyses that assume population compactification and dispersion. The model enables a description of population migration at two levels. First, municipal populations are projected using the cohort-component method, and second, the spatial distribution of populations within municipalities is projected at a 500 m grid resolution with the use of the gravity model. Based on the Japanese depopulation context and the country’s National Spatial Strategy, the compact scenario predicts the formation of medium-scale regional urban areas (population centers located across Japan) and the concentration of people on high-density population areas within municipalities. Meanwhile, the dispersed scenario predicts the formation of more but smaller regional urban areas and the dispersion of the population to low-density areas. The simulated population distribution for 2050 reveals spatial change in population density and age structure, as well as an abundance of areas that were inhabited in 2015 but will be zero population areas by 2050. Overlay analysis of future land use maps and the simulated population distribution maps can contribute toward identifying areas where natural capital such as farmland and forest plantation should be managed but where there will be significant population loss by 2050. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s11625-020-00835-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.


id: cord-300123-fzijbney
author: Nemoto, Manabu
date: 2015-09-22
url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-015-0149-4
doi: 10.1186/s13028-015-0149-4
title:
  Low prevalence of equine coronavirus in foals in the largest thoroughbred horse breeding region of Japan, 2012–2014

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Equine coronavirus (ECoV) is considered to be a diarrheic pathogen in foals. In central Kentucky in the United States, it has been shown that approximately 30 % of thoroughbred foals are infected with ECoV and thus it is considered widely prevalent. In contrast, the epidemiology of ECoV and its relationship to diarrhea in foals are poorly understood in Japan. We investigated ECoV in rectal swabs collected from thoroughbred foals in Japan. RESULTS: We collected 337 rectal swabs from 307 diarrheic foals in the Hidaka district of Hokkaido, the largest thoroughbred horse breeding region in Japan, between 2012 and 2014. In addition, 120 rectal swabs were collected from 120 healthy foals in 2012. These samples were tested by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification and a real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. All samples collected from diarrheic foals were negative, and only three samples (2.5 %) collected from healthy foals were positive for ECoV. Compared with central Kentucky, ECoV is not prevalent among thoroughbred foals in the Hidaka district of Hokkaido. CONCLUSION: ECoV is not prevalent and was not related to diarrhea in thoroughbred foals in the Hidaka district of Hokkaido between 2012 and 2014.


id: cord-302433-5cch8w1m
title: Detection of Norovirus and Sapovirus from diarrheic dogs and cats in Japan
author: Soma, Takehisa
date: 2015-03-26
url: https://doi.org/10.1111/1348-0421.12223
doi: 10.1111/1348-0421.12223
abstract:
  Norovirus (NoV) and sapovirus (SaV) are important causes of human diarrhea. In this study, between 2007 and 2014 fecal samples were collected from 97 dogs and 83 cats with diarrhea and examined to determine the prevalence of NoV and SaV infections in Japan. To detect caliciviruses, approximately 300 bases targeting the polymerase gene were amplified using RT‐PCR and subjected to phylogenetic and homology analyses. Specific PCR products were obtained from four canine and nine feline samples: two canine and one feline isolate were classified as NoV, two canine isolates as SaV and the remaining eight feline isolates as vesivirus (VeV). The three NoV isolates were classified into the same clade as that of known canine and feline NoVs; their homologies (75.9–92.3%) were higher than those with human genogroup IV (GIV) NoVs (59.1–65.9%). The homology of the feline NoV isolate with previously reported feline NoV isolates was particularly high (91.7–92.3%). Regarding SaV, the two canine isolates were classified into the same clade as known canine SaVs and their homologies (72.5–86.5%) were higher than those with other mammal SaVs (20.7–58.0%). The eight feline VeV isolates were assumed to be feline calicivirus. The present study is the first report of the presence of NoV‐ and SaV‐infected dogs and cats in Japan. The findings suggest there are species‐specific circulations of NoV and SaV among dogs and cats, in Japan.


id: cord-304432-9cdf6qpk
title: Curve-fitting approach for COVID-19 data and its physical background
author: Nishimoto, Y.
date: 2020-07-04
url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.02.20144899v1?rss=1
doi: 10.1101/2020.07.02.20144899
abstract:
  Forecast of the peak-out and settling timing of COVID-19 at an early stage should help the people how to cope with the situation. Curve-fitting method with an asymmetric log-normal function has been applied to daily confirmed cases data in various countries. Most of the curve-fitting could show good forecasts, while the reason has not been clearly shown. The K value has recently been proposed which can provide good reasoning of curve-fitting mechanism by corresponding a long and steep slope on the K curve with fitting stability. Since K can be expressed by a time differential of logarithmic total cases, the physical background of the above correspondence was discussed in terms of the growth rate in epidemic entropy.


id: cord-306720-86ovj7xg
author: Kurita, Junko
date: 2020-04-06
txt: ./txt/cord-306720-86ovj7xg.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-306720-86ovj7xg.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.02.20051490
doi: 10.1101/2020.04.02.20051490
summary:
  title: Forecast of the COVID-19 outbreak, collapse of medical facilities, and lockdown effects in Tokyo, Japan Method: Data of Tokyo patients with symptoms during January 14 − March 28, 2020 were used to formulate a susceptible−infected−recovered (SIR) model using three age classes and to estimate the basic reproduction number (R0). If a lockdown were enacted from April 6, and if more than 60% of trips outside the home were restricted voluntarily, then a collapse of medical facilities could be avoided. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.02.20051490 doi: medRxiv preprint Experiences of Japanese people living in Wuhan until the outbreak provide information related to mild cases because complete laboratory surveillance was conducted for them. We used data of the COVID-19 community outbreak of patients in Japan who showed any symptom during January 14 -March 28, 2020 in Tokyo. We estimated a collapse of medical facilities in late April and about 0.5 million cases with mortality in Tokyo if a lockdown were not applied.

title:
  Forecast of the COVID-19 outbreak, collapse of medical facilities, and lockdown effects in Tokyo, Japan

abstract:
  Background: The number of patients of COVID-19 in Tokyo has been increasing gradually through the end of March, 2020. Object: Support for policymaking requires forecasting of the entire course and outcome of the outbreak including the date of collapse of medical facilities if a lockdown is not initiated. Moreover, the effects of a lockdown must be considered when choosing to initiate one. Method: Data of Tokyo patients with symptoms during January 14 − March 28, 2020 were used to formulate a susceptible−infected−recovered (SIR) model using three age classes and to estimate the basic reproduction number (R0). Based on the estimated R0, We inferred outbreak outcomes including the date of collapse of medical facilities if a lockdown were not enacted. Then we estimate the lockdown effects. Results: Results suggest R0 as 2.86, with a 95% confidence interval of [2.73, 2.97]. Collapse of medical facilities can be expected to occur on April 26 if no lockdown occurs. The total number of deaths can be expected to be half a million people. If a lockdown were enacted from April 6, and if more than 60% of trips outside the home were restricted voluntarily, then a collapse of medical facilities could be avoided. Discussion and Conclusion: The estimated R0 was similar to that found from other studies conducted in China and Japan. Results demonstrate that a lockdown with reasonable cooperation of residents can avoid a collapse of medical facilities and save 0.25 million mortality cases.


id: cord-309742-fd1qmr87
title: Infection of Human Airway Epithelia with H1N1, H2N2, and H3N2 Influenza A Virus Strains
author: Slepushkin, Vladimir A.
date: 2016-12-14
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11273782/
doi: 10.1006/mthe.2001.0277
abstract:
  Three subtypes of influenza A virus cause human disease: H1N1, H2N2, and H3N2. Although all result in respiratory illness, little is known about how these subtypes infect differentiated airway epithelia. Therefore, we assayed A/PR/8/34 (H1N1), A/Japan/305/57 (H2N2), and X31 (H3N2) influenza virus strains for binding and infection on fully differentiated primary cultures of airway epithelia isolated from human bronchus, grown on semiporous filters at an air–liquid interface. In this model system, viral infectivity was highest when virus was applied to the apical versus the basolateral surface; Japan was most infectious, followed by PR8. The X31 strain showed very low levels of infectivity. Confocal microscopy and fluorescence-resonance energy transfer studies indicated that Japan virus could enter and fuse with cellular membranes, while infection with X31 virions was greatly inhibited. Japan virus could also productively infect human trachea explant tissues. These data show that influenza viruses with SAα2,3Gal binding specificity, like Japan, productively infect differentiated human airway epithelia from the apical surface. These data are important to consider in the development of pseudotyped recombinant viral vectors for gene transfer to human airway epithelia for gene therapy.


id: cord-314539-6vvgov43
author: Chen, Zhongxiang
date: 2020-05-29
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32486011/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17113872
title:
  Forecast Possible Risk for COVID-19 Epidemic Dissemination under Current Control Strategies in Japan

abstract:
  COVID-19 has globally spread to over 4 million people and the epidemic situation in Japan is very serious. The purpose of this research was to assess the risk of COVID-19 epidemic dissemination in Japan by estimating the current state of epidemic dissemination and providing some epidemic prevention and control recommendations. Firstly, the period from 6 January to 31 March 2020 was divided into four stages and the relevant parameters were estimated according to the imported cases in Japan. The basic reproduction number of the current stage is 1.954 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.851–2.025), which means COVID-19 will spread quickly, and the self-healing rate of Japanese is about 0.495 (95% CI 0.437–0.506), with small variations in the four stages. Secondly, the results were applied to the actual reported cases from 1 to 5 April 2020, verifying the reliability of the estimated data using the accumulated reported cases located within the 95% confidence interval and the relative error of forecast data of five days being less than [Formula: see text]. Thirdly, considering the medical resources in Japan, the times the epidemic beds and ventilators become fully occupied are predicted as 5 and 15 May 2020, respectively. Keeping with the current situation, the final death toll in Japan may reach into the millions. Finally, based on experience with COVID-19 prevention and control in China, robust measures such as nationwide shutdown, store closures, citizens isolating themselves at home, and increasing PCR testing would quickly and effectively prevent COVID-19 spread.


id: cord-314634-udtoutew
title: Clusters of Coronavirus Disease in Communities, Japan, January–April 2020
author: Furuse, Yuki
date: 2020-09-17
txt: ./txt/cord-314634-udtoutew.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-314634-udtoutew.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2609.202272
doi: 10.3201/eid2609.202272
summary:
  We analyzed 3,184 cases of coronavirus disease in Japan and identified 61 case-clusters in healthcare and other care facilities, restaurants and bars, workplaces, and music events. We analyzed 3,184 cases of coronavirus disease in Japan and identified 61 case-clusters in healthcare and other care facilities, restaurants and bars, workplaces, and music events. We also identified 22 probable primary case-patients for the clusters; most were 20-39 years of age and presymptomatic or asymptomatic at virus transmission. We also identified 22 probable primary case-patients for the clusters; most were 20-39 years of age and presymptomatic or asymptomatic at virus transmission. Japan''s Prime Minister''s Office and the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare announced 3 situations that could increase the risk for COVID-19 cases and advised the population to avoid the "Three Cs": closed spaces with poor ventilation, crowded places, and close-contact settings (11) .

abstract:
  We analyzed 3,184 cases of coronavirus disease in Japan and identified 61 case-clusters in healthcare and other care facilities, restaurants and bars, workplaces, and music events. We also identified 22 probable primary case-patients for the clusters; most were 20–39 years of age and presymptomatic or asymptomatic at virus transmission.


id: cord-324798-qh0cxp10
author: Tanaka, Miho
date: 2020-10-16
url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-020-00535-w
doi: 10.1186/s12910-020-00535-w
title:
  Forgoing life-sustaining treatment – a comparative analysis of regulations in Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and England

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Regulations on forgoing life-sustaining treatment (LST) have developed in Asian countries including Japan, Korea and Taiwan. However, other countries are relatively unaware of these due to the language barrier. This article aims to describe and compare the relevant regulatory frameworks, using the (more familiar) situation in England as a point of reference. We undertook literature reviews to ascertain the legal and regulatory positions on forgoing LST in Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and England. MAIN TEXT: Findings from a literature review are first presented to describe the development of the regulatory frameworks surrounding the option of forgoing LST in each country. Based on the findings from the four countries, we suggest five ethically important points, reflection on which should help to inform the further development of regulatory frameworks concerning end-of-life care in these countries and beyond. There should be reflection on: (1) the definition of – and reasons for defining – the ‘terminal stage’ and associated criteria for making such judgements; Korea and Taiwan limit forgoing LST to patients in this stage, but there are risks associated with defining this too narrowly or broadly; (2) foregoing LST for patients who are not in this stage, as is allowed in Japan and England, because here too there are areas of controversy, including (in England) whether the law in this area does enough to respect the autonomy of (now) incapacitated patients; (3) whether ‘foregoing’ LST should encompass withholding and withdrawing treatment; this is also an ethically disputed area, particularly in the Asian countries we examine; (4) the family’s role in end-of-life decision-making, particularly as, compared with England, the three Asian countries traditionally place a greater emphasis on families and communities than on individuals; and (5) decision-making with and for those incapacitated patients who lack families, surrogate decision-makers or ADs. CONCLUSION: Comparison of, and reflection on, the different legal positions that obtain in Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and England should prove informative and we particularly invite reflection on five areas, in the hope the ensuing discussions will help to establish better end-of-life regulatory frameworks in these countries and elsewhere.


id: cord-328913-vli62nnk
title: Rabies: a preventable but incurable disease
author: Takayama, Naohide
date: 2008-12-31
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1341321X08707979
doi: 10.1007/s10156-007-0573-0
abstract:
  Abstract Rabies is a typical zoonotic disease which has been known for more than 4300 years. To date, no effective medical therapy has been established for overt rabies. The rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), which is a serial vaccination against rabies starting as soon as possible after the patient was bitten by a suspected rabid animal, is the only way to prevent death. In Japan, no rabies case has been reported for about 50 years. However, rabies is epizootic in many Asian countries, where more than 50% of the rabies deaths in the world occur. The Japanese travelers who visit these countries every year may not be aware of this fact since no rabies occurs in their own country. Therefore, the risk of being bitten by a rabid animal abroad and developing rabies after returning to Japan seems to be high. All medical staff should keep in mind that imported rabies cases can occur at any time. In addition, pre-exposure vaccination against rabies should be recommended to international travelers in order to ensure the preventative effect of PEP.


id: cord-330554-xg49foch
title: Suppression of feline coronavirus replication in vitro by cyclosporin A
author: Tanaka, Yoshikazu
date: 2012-04-30
txt: ./txt/cord-330554-xg49foch.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-330554-xg49foch.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1186/1297-9716-43-41
doi: 10.1186/1297-9716-43-41
summary:
  Cyclosporin A (CsA), an immunosuppressive agent that targets the nuclear factor pathway of activated T-cells (NF-AT) to bind cellular cyclophilins (CyP), dose-dependently inhibited FIPV replication in vitro. Cyclophilin B (CyPB) is another target of CsA that promotes hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication by regulating the RNA-binding ability of the HCV NS5B protein. Here, we show that CsA inhibits intracellular replication of the FIPV genome and viral protein expression in vitro independently of the NF-AT pathway. After adsorption for 1 h at 37°C, the medium containing the virus was removed, and the cells were rinsed three times with phosphate-buffered saline [PBS (−)] and incubated with or without various concentrations of CsA (Sigma-Aldrich), cyclosporin H (CsH; Cosmobio, Tokyo, Japan) and FK506 (Sigma-Aldrich) for 20 h. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that 0.63 -10 μM CsA dose-dependently suppressed FIPV RNA replication, whereas FK506 did not exert significant inhibitory effects, except at 10 μM FK506 (approximately 30 % reduction compared to 0 μM FK506, P < 0.05; Figure 3A ).

abstract:
  The feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) is a member of the feline coronavirus family that causes FIP, which is incurable and fatal in cats. Cyclosporin A (CsA), an immunosuppressive agent that targets the nuclear factor pathway of activated T-cells (NF-AT) to bind cellular cyclophilins (CyP), dose-dependently inhibited FIPV replication in vitro. FK506 (an immunosuppressor of the pathway that binds cellular FK506-binding protein (FKBP) but not CyP) did not affect FIPV replication. Neither cell growth nor viability changed in the presence of either CsA or FK506, and these factors did not affect the NF-AT pathway in fcwf-4 cells. Therefore, CsA does not seem to exert inhibitory effects via the NF-AT pathway. In conclusion, CsA inhibited FIPV replication in vitro and further studies are needed to verify the practical value of CsA as an anti-FIPV treatment in vivo.


id: cord-334683-q4xh8xts
title: Trends in malaria cases in Japan
author: Kano, Shigeyuki
date: 2003-12-04
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0001706X03002729
doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2003.10.003
abstract:
  Just after World War II, more than 10,000 malaria cases per year were reported in Japan, including indigenous, imported and induced malaria. Malaria has been successfully eradicated since 1961 in Japan and now only imported malaria cases are encountered. However, as the number of Japanese people who are going abroad and also the number of foreigners who are visiting Japan increases (about 16 and 5 millions, respectively, in 2001), so does the chance for Japanese doctors to see imported malaria or transfusion-transmitted malaria cases. In fact, the total number of the patients with acute malaria in Japan has been around 100–150 annually for the last 10 years. Of those, about 75% are Japanese and 25% are foreigners, and about 75% are male and 25% are female. The peak age is in the 20 s. Recently, about 45% of patients are Plasmodium falciparum and another 45% Plasmodium vivax infections. The former species is likely to be seen in travelers coming back from African countries and the latter is mainly from Asian countries. The important issue is that patients in Japan have not been diagnosed promptly nor treated properly because doctors in Japan are no longer familiar with tropical medicine. Therefore, some patients are dying from severe malaria as a consequence. As it is, most of the effective medicines for drug-resistant malaria or severe malaria have not been registered in Japan. There is now a need for medical practitioners to focus on travel medicine in Japan.


id: cord-335402-79zd7hpj
title: Detection and genotyping of canine coronavirus RNA in diarrheic dogs in Japan
author: Soma, Takehisa
date: 2010-06-16
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034528810001967
doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.05.027
abstract:
  To clarify the prevalence of canine coronavirus (CCoV) infection in Japan, faecal samples from 109 dogs with diarrhoea were examined for CCoV RNA together with canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) DNA. The detection rates of CCoV and CPV-2 for dogs aged less than 1 year were 66.3% and 43.8%, while those for dogs aged 1 year or older were 6.9% and 10.3%, respectively, which were significantly different (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0003, respectively), indicating not CPV-2 but CCoV is an important diarrhoea-causing organism in juvenile dogs. Among the CCoV-positive dogs, 65.5% and 72.7% showed to be positive for CCoV types I and II, respectively, and simultaneous detection rate of both types was high at 40.0%. Furthermore, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV)-like CCoV RNA was detected from 8 dogs. These findings indicate that CCoV type I and TGEV-like CCoV are already circulating in Japan, though no reports have been presented to date.


id: cord-339673-hk1438c3
title: An ethnic model of Japanese overseas tourism companies
author: Imanishi, Tamami
date: 2007-04-30
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32572285/
doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2007.01.002
abstract:
  Abstract This study aims to analyze the administrative behavior of Japanese travel companies overseas. Through case studies and questionnaire surveys, the characteristics of Japanese travel multinationals are compared to those of manufacturing companies. An “Ethnic Model” is developed which explains the unique behavior of these companies. It concludes that they are ethnically characterized in target markets, management styles in foreign subsidiaries, emphases on service, and competitors. Though this study focuses on the Japanese tourism industry, the result is potentially generalizable and applicable to other countries and other non-manufacturing industries.


id: cord-340202-ikptxviu
title: US-like isolates of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus from Japanese outbreaks between 2013 and 2014
author: Van Diep, Nguyen
date: 2015-12-02
url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-015-1552-z
doi: 10.1186/s40064-015-1552-z
abstract:
  Since late 2013, outbreaks of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) have reemerged in Japan. In the present study, we observed a high detection rate of PEDV, with 72.5 % (148/204) of diarrhea samples (suckling, weaned, and sows) and 88.5 % (77/87) of farms experiencing acute diarrhea found to be positive for PEDV by reverse transcription PCR. Sequencing and phylogenic analyses of the partial spike gene and ORF3 of PEDV demonstrated that all prevailing Japanese PEDV isolates belonged to novel genotypes that differed from previously reported strains and the two PEDV vaccine strains currently being used in Japan. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis revealed prevailing PEDV isolates in Japan had the greatest genetic similarity to US isolates and were not vaccine-related. Unlike vaccine strains, all prevailing field PEDV isolates in Japan were found to have a number of amino acid differences in the neutralizing epitope domain, COE, which may affect antigenicity and vaccine efficacy. The present study indicates recent PEDV isolates may have been introduced into Japan from overseas and highlights the urgent requirement of novel vaccines for controlling PEDV outbreaks in Japan.


id: cord-341130-pq71u2kh
author: Kim, Jewoo
date: 2017-03-31
txt: ./txt/cord-341130-pq71u2kh.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-341130-pq71u2kh.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212571X16300063
doi: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2016.03.002
summary:
  However, results regarding the effects of price variables (e.g.relative prices, exchange rates, transport cost) on international tourism demand vary widely. Moreover, recent changes in economic circumstances such as currency depreciation resulting from unconventional monetary policy (US, Eurozone, Japan), shifts in exchange rate policy (Switzerland, Singapore, China), and drastic drops in oil prices triggered by expanded supplies of shale gas may substantially influence the cost of travel to the countries changing international tourism demand. The living cost variables represented by relative price (RPRC t ) and exchange rate (EXC t ) accounted for a significant amount of the changes in Japanese inbound tourism from Korea. The results of this study showed that separate inclusion of relative prices and exchange rates was more effective in accounting for the changes in Japanese inbound tourism from Korea than a price variable combining these two price indicators.

title:
  Role of tourism price in attracting international tourists: The case of Japanese inbound tourism from South Korea

abstract:
  Abstract Tourism price has been extensively used to predict tourism demand. However, there is no agreement on the proper indicators of its components. Use of different price indicators may be the reason for researchers’ apparently inconsistent results. The purpose of this study was to identify proper price indicators for the demand model of Japanese inbound tourism from South Korea. After comparing six models, each with different price indicators, the model with relative price and exchange rate but without transport cost was identified as the best model in which relative price, exchange rate, and per capita income were found to be significant.


id: cord-342958-0av6gx7r
author: Yamagishi, Takuya
date: 2020-06-11
url: https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.23.2000272
doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.23.2000272
title:
  Descriptive study of COVID-19 outbreak among passengers and crew on Diamond Princess cruise ship, Yokohama Port, Japan, 20 January to 9 February 2020

abstract:
  An outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) occurred on the Diamond Princess cruise ship making an international journey, which led to quarantine of the ship at Yokohama Port, Japan. A suspected COVID-19 case was defined as a passenger or crew member who developed a fever or respiratory symptoms, and a confirmed COVID-19 case had laboratory-confirmation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Between 3 and 9 February 2020, 490 individuals were tested for SARS-CoV-2 and 172 were positive (152 passengers (median age: 70 years; interquartile range (IQR): 64–75; males: 45%) and 20 crew (median age: 40 years; IQR: 35–48.5; males: 80%). Other than the Hong Kong-related index case, symptom onset for the earliest confirmed case was 22 January, 2 days after the cruise ship left port. Attack rates among passengers were similar across the decks, while beverage (3.3%, 2/61) and food service staff (5.7%, 14/245) were most affected. Attack rates tended to increase with age. A comprehensive outbreak response was implemented, including surveillance, provision of essential medical care, food and medicine delivery, isolation, infection prevention and control, sampling and disembarkation.


id: cord-344832-0ah4w59o
title: Disaster-Resilient Communication Ecosystem in an Inclusive Society – A case of foreigners in Japan
author: Sakurai, Mihoko
date: 2020-08-15
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101804
doi: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101804
abstract:
  The number of foreign residents and tourists in Japan has been dramatically increasing in recent years. Despite the fact that Japan is prone to natural disasters, with each climate-related event turning into an emergency such as with record rainfalls, floods and mudslides almost every year, non-Japanese communication infrastructure and everyday disaster drills for foreigners have received little attention. This study aims to understand how a resilient communication ecosystem forms in various disaster contexts involving foreigners. Within a framework of information ecology we try to get an overview of the communication ecosystem in literature and outline its structure and trends in social media use. Our empirical case study uses Twitter API and R programming software to extract and analyze tweets in English during Typhoon 19 (Hagibis) in October 2019. It reveals that many information sources transmit warnings and evacuation orders through social media but do not convey a sense of locality and precise instructions on how to act. For future disaster preparedness, we argue that the municipal government, as a responsible agent, should (1) make available instructional information in foreign languages on social media, (2) transfer such information through collaboration with transmitters, and (3) examine the use of local hashtags in social media to strengthen non-Japanese speaker’s capacity to adapt.


id: cord-346629-770qyee8
title: Phylogenetic analysis of avian infectious bronchitis virus strains isolated in Japan
author: Mase, M.
date: 2004-07-15
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15290359/
doi: 10.1007/s00705-004-0369-9
abstract:
  To define the origin and evolution of recent avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in Japan, a genetic analysis was performed. By phylogenetic analysis based on the S1 gene including the sequence of the hypervariable regions, IBV isolates in Japan were classified into five genetic groups, which included two already-known groups (Mass and Gray). Among them, three major genetic groups were associated with the recent outbreaks of IB in Japan. One group is indigenous to Japan and could not be placed within the known existing groups in other countries. The remaining two groups, which have emerged recently, are related to isolates in China and Taiwan.


id: cord-347806-q2lpwjt8
title: Oseltamivir-Resistant Influenza Viruses A (H1N1) during 2007–2009 Influenza Seasons, Japan
author: Ujike, Makoto
date: 2010-06-17
txt: ./txt/cord-347806-q2lpwjt8.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-347806-q2lpwjt8.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20507742/
doi: 10.3201/eid1606.091623
summary:
  To monitor oseltamivir-resistant influenza viruses A (H1N1) (ORVs) with H275Y in neuraminidase (NA) in Japan during 2 influenza seasons, we analyzed 3,216 clinical samples by NA sequencing and/or NA inhibition assay. At the beginning of the 2007-08 infl uenza season, however, detection of a substantially increased number of oseltamivir-resistant infl uenza viruses A (H1N1) (ORVs) was reported, mainly in countries in Europe where the prevalence varies, with the highest levels in Norway (67%) and France (47%) (11) (12) (13) (14) . During the 2007-09 seasons, we also addressed NAI surveillance for A/H3N2 and type B circulating in Japan and identifi ed no viruses resistant to both NAIs. Conversely, in March and early April 2009, a new swine-origin infl uenza virus A (H1N1) (now known as pandemic [H1N1] 2009 virus) emerged in Mexico and the United States and spread rapidly to many countries, including Japan (30) (31) (32) (33) .

abstract:
  To monitor oseltamivir-resistant influenza viruses A (H1N1) (ORVs) with H275Y in neuraminidase (NA) in Japan during 2 influenza seasons, we analyzed 3,216 clinical samples by NA sequencing and/or NA inhibition assay. The total frequency of ORVs was 2.6% (45/1,734) during the 2007–08 season and 99.7% (1,477/1,482) during the 2008–09 season, indicating a marked increase in ORVs in Japan during 1 influenza season. The NA gene of ORVs in the 2007–08 season fell into 2 distinct lineages by D354G substitution, whereas that of ORVs in the 2008–09 season fell into 1 lineage. NA inhibition assay and M2 sequencing showed that almost all the ORVs were sensitive to zanamivir and amantadine. The hemagglutination inhibition test showed that ORVs were antigenetically similar to the 2008–09 vaccine strain A/Brisbane/59/2007. Our data indicate that the current vaccine or zanamivir and amantadine are effective against recent ORVs, but continuous surveillance remains necessary.


id: cord-355465-qjtifwhd
author: Van Diep, Nguyen
date: 2018-03-14
url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-018-1409-0
doi: 10.1186/s12917-018-1409-0
title:
  Molecular characterization of US-like and Asian non-S INDEL strains of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) that circulated in Japan during 2013–2016 and PEDVs collected from recurrent outbreaks

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Since late 2013, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has reemerged in Japan and caused severe economic losses to the swine industry. Although PEDV vaccines have been used widely, the disease has swept rapidly across the county, and is commonly observed in PED-vaccinated farms, and has recurred in domestic herds. To better understand PEDVs responsible for the reemerging outbreaks in Japan, full-length spike (S), membrane (M), and nucleocapsid (N) genes of 45 PEDVs collected in Japan during 2013–2016, were sequenced and analyzed. RESULTS: Phylogenetic analysis based on S gene sequences revealed that all the recent field PEDVs were genetically distinct from the classical Japanese strains, and were classified into three genotypes: North American (NA), S INDEL, and Asian non-S INDEL. Our data suggested a possibility that multiple parental PEDV strains were introduced into Japan from abroad at the same time or similar times. The newly identified Japanese strains showed the closest relationship to the US strains. Two sublineages of Japanese strains circulating in Japan were similar to two sublineages identified in the US, suggesting common ancestors for these strains. In comparison with two vaccine strains used in Japan, the field strains had various changes in epitope regions, glycosylation sites, and phosphorylation sites. These substitutions, particularly observed in epitope regions of the S (521, 553, 568, and 570), M (5), and N (123, 252, and 255) proteins, may have affected antigenicity and vaccine efficacy, resulting in an unsuccessful PEDV control. Sequence comparisons between PEDVs collected from primary and secondary outbreaks in three herds revealed that the disease has developed to an endemic stage in which PEDV could persist for nearly two years in the herds or local regions, causing subsequent epidemics. CONCLUSIONS: These results elucidate the genetic characteristics, origin, and molecular epidemiology of PEDVs circulating in Japan, as well as the PEDV strains causing recurrent outbreaks. This study provides a better insight into the PEDVs responsible for recent outbreaks in Japan, and could potentially help to develop measures for controlling and preventing the disease. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-018-1409-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.


id: cord-355567-60sfv60p
author: Azuma, Kenichi
date: 2020-11-03
txt: ./txt/cord-355567-60sfv60p.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-355567-60sfv60p.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12199-020-00904-2
doi: 10.1186/s12199-020-00904-2
summary:
  Recently, 36 researchers insisted on the potential risk of indoor airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and the importance of sufficient and effective ventilation, particle filtration, and air sterilization as infection control measures inside buildings [43] . Therefore, the MHLW published a document titled "Prevention of the COVID-19 Clusters" Abbreviation: SARS-CoV severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Fig. 1 Traditional Japanese office building HVAC systems: a a centralized HVAC system; and b a centralized ventilation system with an individual air-conditioning system on March 1, 2020 [94] , showing the need for adequate ventilation in buildings because a ventilation standard for infection control has not been established in general buildings in Japan and the characteristics of indoor spaces where the clusters occurred might include poor ventilation and crowding.

title:
  Environmental factors involved in SARS-CoV-2 transmission: effect and role of indoor environmental quality in the strategy for COVID-19 infection control

abstract:
  The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a new zoonotic agent that emerged in December 2019, causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This infection can be spread by asymptomatic, presymptomatic, and symptomatic carriers. SARS-CoV-2 spreads primarily via respiratory droplets during close person-to-person contact in a closed space, especially a building. This article summarizes the environmental factors involved in SARS-CoV-2 transmission, including a strategy to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission in a building environment. SARS-CoV-2 can persist on surfaces of fomites for at least 3 days depending on the conditions. If SARS-CoV-2 is aerosolized intentionally, it is stable for at least several hours. SARS-CoV-2 is inactivated rapidly on surfaces with sunlight. Close-contact aerosol transmission through smaller aerosolized particles is likely to be combined with respiratory droplets and contact transmission in a confined, crowded, and poorly ventilated indoor environment, as suggested by some cluster cases. Although evidence of the effect of aerosol transmission is limited and uncertainty remains, adequate preventive measures to control indoor environmental quality are required, based on a precautionary approach, because COVID-19 has caused serious global damages to public health, community, and the social economy. The expert panel for COVID-19 in Japan has focused on the “3 Cs,” namely, “closed spaces with poor ventilation,” “crowded spaces with many people,” and “close contact.” In addition, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan has been recommending adequate ventilation in all closed spaces in accordance with the existing standards of the Law for Maintenance of Sanitation in Buildings as one of the initial political actions to prevent the spread of COVID-19. However, specific standards for indoor environmental quality control have not been recommended and many scientific uncertainties remain regarding the infection dynamics and mode of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in closed indoor spaces. Further research and evaluation are required regarding the effect and role of indoor environmental quality control, especially ventilation.


id: cord-356085-rnia7mbq
title: Managing healthcare delivery system to fight the COVID-19 epidemic: experience in Japan
author: Gai, Ruoyan
date: 2020-05-13
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32432167/
doi: 10.1186/s41256-020-00149-0
abstract:
  Amid the global pandemic of a novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), healthcare delivery system is being stretched. In Japan, rapid spread of the epidemic brings hospitals to the brink of exhaustion. This commentary aims to briefly review related policies of Japan in managing healthcare delivery system. Among the relevant actions, strengthening the hospitalized care is emphasized to save lives. Despite of limitations, the policies show a success in preventing a collapse of healthcare delivery system and skyrocketing mortality from happening so far. On the other hand, huge concerns remain if the infections continue to rapidly increase. The experience in Japan indicates the urgency of planning of healthcare delivery system, mobilizing all relevant social sectors by consensus, and guiding people with calm manner based on the best shared knowledge and evidences.


