key: cord-283588-j27q53oz
authors: Gebicki, Jerzy; Wieczorkowska, Marzena
title: COVID-19 infection: mitohormetic concept of immune response
date: 2020-07-14
journal: Cell Death Discov
DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-00297-9
sha: 
doc_id: 283588
cord_uid: j27q53oz

nan

peroxidase 1 knockout (GPx1−/−) mice was much higher than that of wild-type mice. These findings demonstrate that, contrary to much current thinking, early intervention targeting NLRP3 inflammasome activity can induce timely and efficient activation of the innate immune response during acute infection. Clearly, this observation can be linked directly to the mitohormetic concept.

1-MNA, previously regarded as a useless metabolite of NA excreted with urine, has been shown to possess significant anti-inflammatory properties 5 . The pharmacological properties of 1-MNA are quite numerous, and have been documented for many diseases and disorders 6 . The mitohormetic concept of anti-inflammatory activity by 1-MNA is presented in Fig. 1 .

As AOX expression is particularly high in respiratory tissues, it may be expected that there would be significant 1-MNA anti-inflammatory activity in the airways as well. Indeed, the excretion of 1-MNA with urine has been found to be significantly reduced in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection 7 . It has been suggested that the weakened ability to fend off inflammation during RSV infection is likely due to lower levels of 1-MNA 7 .

Taking all of the above into consideration, the use of Vitamin B3 to prevent inflammation damage associated with COVID-19 seems rational 1 . However, a better effect is likely to be achieved by direct application of 1-MNA. The lower levels of 1-MNA observed in some airway diseases, including viral infections, may further suggest that 1-MNA plays an important physiological role in regulation of the innate immune response.

Conflict of interest J.G. is co-inventor of the patents protecting the pharmacological use of 1-MNA.

Publisher's note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Received: 25 May 2020 Revised: 13 June 2020 Accepted: 3 July 2020

COVID-19 infection: the perspectives on immune responses

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