id sid tid token lemma pos cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 1 key key NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 2 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 3 cord-016426-aw3wirmb cord-016426-aw3wirmb NFP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 4 authors author NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 5 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 6 Wohrley Wohrley NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 7 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 8 Julie Julie NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 9 D. D. NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 10 ; ; : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 11 Bartlett Bartlett NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 12 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 13 Allison Allison NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 14 H. H. NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 15 title title NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 16 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 17 The the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 18 Role role NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 19 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 20 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 21 Environment Environment NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 22 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 23 Colonization Colonization NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 24 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 25 Healthcare Healthcare NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 26 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 27 Associated Associated NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 28 Infections Infections NNPS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 29 date date NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 30 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 31 2018 2018 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 32 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 33 07 07 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 34 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 35 16 16 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 36 journal journal NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 37 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 38 Healthcare Healthcare NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 39 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 40 Associated Associated NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 41 Infections Infections NNPS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 42 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 43 Children Children NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 44 DOI DOI NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 45 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 46 10.1007/978 10.1007/978 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 47 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 48 3 3 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 49 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 50 319 319 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 51 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 52 98122 98122 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 53 - - SYM cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 54 2_2 2_2 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 55 sha sha NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 1 56 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 2 1 ada16563583c4613c6cc9e709e6e855d704ff91b ada16563583c4613c6cc9e709e6e855d704ff91b NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 2 2 doc_id doc_id NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 2 3 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 2 4 16426 16426 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 2 5 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 2 6 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 3 1 aw3wirmb aw3wirmb NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 4 1 Healthcare healthcare NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 4 2 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 4 3 associated associate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 4 4 infections infection NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 4 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 4 6 HAIs hai NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 4 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 4 8 can can MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 4 9 be be VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 4 10 caused cause VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 4 11 by by IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 4 12 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 4 13 host host NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 4 14 microbial microbial JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 4 15 flora flora NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 4 16 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 4 17 by by IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 4 18 exogenous exogenous JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 4 19 microbes microbe NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 4 20 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 4 21 including include VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 4 22 those those DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 4 23 found find VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 4 24 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 4 25 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 4 26 hospital hospital NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 4 27 environment environment NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 4 28 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 5 1 Efforts effort NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 5 2 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 5 3 decrease decrease VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 5 4 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 5 5 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 5 6 via via IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 5 7 decolonization decolonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 5 8 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 5 9 skin skin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 5 10 antisepsis antisepsis NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 5 11 may may MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 5 12 decrease decrease VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 5 13 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 5 14 risk risk NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 5 15 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 5 16 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 5 17 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 5 18 some some DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 5 19 settings setting NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 5 20 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 6 1 Controlling control VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 6 2 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 6 3 spread spread NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 6 4 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 6 5 potential potential JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 6 6 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 6 7 from from IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 6 8 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 6 9 environment environment NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 6 10 requires require VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 6 11 meticulous meticulous JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 6 12 attention attention NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 6 13 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 6 14 cleaning cleaning NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 6 15 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 6 16 disinfection disinfection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 6 17 practices practice NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 6 18 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 7 1 In in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 7 2 addition addition NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 7 3 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 7 4 selection selection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 7 5 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 7 6 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 7 7 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 7 8 cleaning cleaning NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 7 9 agent agent NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 7 10 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 7 11 use use NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 7 12 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 7 13 tools tool NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 7 14 that that WDT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 7 15 assess assess VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 7 16 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 7 17 adequacy adequacy NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 7 18 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 7 19 cleaning cleaning NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 7 20 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 7 21 addition addition NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 7 22 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 7 23 no no DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 7 24 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 7 25 touch touch NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 7 26 cleaning cleaning NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 7 27 technology technology NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 7 28 may may MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 7 29 decrease decrease VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 7 30 environmental environmental JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 7 31 contamination contamination NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 7 32 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 8 1 Hand hand NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 8 2 hygiene hygiene NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 8 3 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 8 4 also also RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 8 5 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 8 6 critical critical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 8 7 component component NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 8 8 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 8 9 preventing prevent VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 8 10 transmission transmission NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 8 11 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 8 12 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 8 13 from from IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 8 14 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 8 15 environment environment NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 8 16 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 8 17 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 8 18 via via IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 8 19 healthcare healthcare NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 8 20 worker worker NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 8 21 hands hand NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 8 22 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 9 1 resulting result VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 9 2 from from IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 9 3 invasive invasive JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 9 4 devices device NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 9 5 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 9 6 surgical surgical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 9 7 procedures procedure NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 9 8 may may MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 9 9 be be VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 9 10 associated associate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 9 11 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 9 12 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 9 13 shift shift NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 9 14 from from IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 9 15 colonization colonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 9 16 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 9 17 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 9 18 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 10 1 A a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 10 2 complex complex JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 10 3 interaction interaction NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 10 4 occurs occur VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 10 5 throughout throughout IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 10 6 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 10 7 body body NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 10 8 between between IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 10 9 commensal commensal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 10 10 organisms organism NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 10 11 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 10 12 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 10 13 barriers barrier NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 10 14 they -PRON- PRP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 10 15 colonize colonize VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 10 16 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 10 17 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 10 18 research research NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 10 19 on on IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 10 20 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 10 21 skin skin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 10 22 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 10 23 gastrointestinal gastrointestinal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 10 24 tract tract NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 10 25 microbiome microbiome NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 10 26 shedding shed VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 10 27 light light NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 10 28 on on IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 10 29 these these DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 10 30 interactions interaction NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 10 31 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 11 1 The the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 11 2 skin skin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 11 3 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 11 4 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 11 5 protective protective JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 11 6 barrier barrier NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 11 7 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 11 8 large large JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 11 9 numbers number NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 11 10 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 11 11 colonizing colonize VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 11 12 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 11 13 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 12 1 The the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 12 2 skin skin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 12 3 microbiome microbiome NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 12 4 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 12 5 inhabited inhabit VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 12 6 by by IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 12 7 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 12 8 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 12 9 fungi fungus NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 12 10 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 12 11 viruses virus NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 12 12 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 12 13 archaea archaea NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 12 14 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 12 15 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 12 16 mites mite NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 12 17 ; ; : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 12 18 however however RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 12 19 most most JJS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 12 20 research research NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 12 21 has have VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 12 22 focused focus VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 12 23 on on IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 12 24 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 12 25 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 13 1 The the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 13 2 presence presence NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 13 3 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 13 4 various various JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 13 5 microbes microbe NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 13 6 may may MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 13 7 influence influence VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 13 8 disease disease NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 13 9 as as IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 13 10 evidenced evidence VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 13 11 by by IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 13 12 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 13 13 shift shift NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 13 14 from from IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 13 15 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 13 16 epidermidis epidermidi NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 13 17 cultured culture VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 13 18 from from IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 13 19 healthy healthy JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 13 20 skin skin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 13 21 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 13 22 young young JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 13 23 children child NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 13 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 13 25 3 3 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 13 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 13 27 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 13 28 Propionibacterium propionibacterium NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 13 29 acnes acne NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 13 30 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 13 31 teenagers teenager NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 13 32 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 13 33 acne acne NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 13 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 13 35 4 4 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 13 36 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 13 37 5 5 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 13 38 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 13 39 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 14 1 Children child NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 14 2 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 14 3 atopic atopic JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 14 4 dermatitis dermatitis NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 14 5 have have VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 14 6 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 14 7 propensity propensity NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 14 8 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 14 9 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 14 10 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 14 11 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 14 12 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 14 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 14 14 6 6 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 14 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 14 16 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 15 1 Loss loss NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 15 2 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 15 3 skin skin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 15 4 integrity integrity NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 15 5 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 15 6 as as IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 15 7 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 15 8 wounds wound NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 15 9 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 15 10 burns burn NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 15 11 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 15 12 inflammation inflammation NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 15 13 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 15 14 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 15 15 invasive invasive JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 15 16 devices device NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 15 17 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 15 18 allows allow VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 15 19 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 15 20 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 15 21 enter enter VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 15 22 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 16 1 The the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 16 2 balance balance NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 16 3 between between IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 16 4 host host NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 16 5 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 16 6 flora flora NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 16 7 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 16 8 also also RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 16 9 important important JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 16 10 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 16 11 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 16 12 gut gut NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 16 13 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 16 14 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 16 15 influenced influence VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 16 16 by by IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 16 17 antibiotic antibiotic JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 16 18 usage usage NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 16 19 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 16 20 diarrheal diarrheal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 16 21 diseases disease NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 16 22 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 16 23 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 16 24 critical critical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 16 25 illness illness NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 16 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 16 27 7 7 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 16 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 17 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 17 2 8 8 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 17 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 17 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 17 5 9 9 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 17 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 17 7 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 18 1 The the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 18 2 gut gut NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 18 3 provides provide VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 18 4 both both CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 18 5 an an DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 18 6 essential essential JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 18 7 immune immune JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 18 8 response response NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 18 9 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 18 10 maintaining maintain VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 18 11 health health NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 18 12 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 18 13 normal normal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 18 14 flora flora NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 18 15 stimulating stimulate VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 18 16 proliferation proliferation NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 18 17 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 18 18 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 18 19 cells cell NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 18 20 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 18 21 small small JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 18 22 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 18 23 large large JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 18 24 intestines intestine NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 18 25 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 18 26 participating participate VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 18 27 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 18 28 development development NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 18 29 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 18 30 competent competent JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 18 31 gut gut NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 18 32 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 18 33 associated associate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 18 34 immune immune JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 18 35 responses response NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 18 36 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 18 37 as as RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 18 38 well well RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 18 39 as as IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 18 40 providing provide VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 18 41 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 18 42 physical physical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 18 43 barrier barrier NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 18 44 function function NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 18 45 against against IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 18 46 pathogen pathogen NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 18 47 invasion invasion NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 18 48 through through IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 18 49 colonization colonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 18 50 resistance resistance NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 18 51 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 18 52 10 10 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 18 53 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 19 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 19 2 11 11 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 19 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 19 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 19 5 12 12 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 19 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 19 7 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 20 1 Inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 20 2 bowel bowel NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 20 3 disease disease NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 20 4 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 20 5 just just RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 20 6 one one CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 20 7 example example NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 20 8 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 20 9 altered alter VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 20 10 gut gut NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 20 11 flora flora NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 20 12 associated associate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 20 13 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 20 14 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 20 15 disease disease NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 20 16 state state NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 20 17 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 21 1 The the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 21 2 secretory secretory JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 21 3 antibody antibody NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 21 4 system system NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 21 5 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 21 6 important important JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 21 7 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 21 8 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 21 9 defense defense NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 21 10 against against IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 21 11 mucosal mucosal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 21 12 infections infection NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 21 13 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 22 1 Specific specific JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 22 2 secretory secretory JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 22 3 immunoglobulin immunoglobulin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 22 4 A a NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 22 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 22 6 IgA IgA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 22 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 22 8 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 22 9 transported transport VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 22 10 through through IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 22 11 secretory secretory JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 22 12 epithelia epithelium NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 22 13 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 22 14 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 22 15 mucosal mucosal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 22 16 surface surface NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 22 17 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 22 18 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 22 19 pathogen pathogen NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 22 20 colonization colonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 22 21 through through IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 22 22 microorganism microorganism NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 22 23 entrapment entrapment NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 22 24 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 22 25 mucus mucus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 22 26 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 22 27 promotion promotion NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 22 28 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 22 29 clearance clearance NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 22 30 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 22 31 entrapped entrap VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 22 32 microbes microbe NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 22 33 via via IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 22 34 peristalsis peristalsis NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 22 35 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 22 36 mucociliary mucociliary JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 22 37 movement movement NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 22 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 22 39 13 13 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 22 40 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 22 41 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 23 1 IgA IgA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 23 2 also also RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 23 3 plays play VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 23 4 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 23 5 role role NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 23 6 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 23 7 mucosal mucosal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 23 8 protection protection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 23 9 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 23 10 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 23 11 gut gut NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 23 12 by by IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 23 13 binding bind VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 23 14 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 23 15 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 23 16 mucous mucous JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 23 17 layer layer NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 23 18 that that WDT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 23 19 separates separate VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 23 20 commensal commensal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 23 21 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 23 22 from from IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 23 23 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 23 24 apical apical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 23 25 surface surface NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 23 26 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 23 27 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 23 28 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 23 29 cells cell NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 23 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 23 31 14 14 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 23 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 23 33 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 24 1 Patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 24 2 admitted admit VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 24 3 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 24 4 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 24 5 hospital hospital NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 24 6 bring bre VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 24 7 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 24 8 them -PRON- PRP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 24 9 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 24 10 " " `` cord-016426-aw3wirmb 24 11 normal normal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 24 12 " " '' cord-016426-aw3wirmb 24 13 flora flora NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 24 14 which which WDT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 24 15 may may MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 24 16 be be VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 24 17 very very RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 24 18 different different JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 24 19 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 24 20 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 24 21 previously previously RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 24 22 healthy healthy JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 24 23 child child NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 24 24 than than IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 24 25 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 24 26 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 24 27 technology technology NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 24 28 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 24 29 dependent dependent JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 24 30 child child NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 24 31 who who WP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 24 32 resides reside VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 24 33 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 24 34 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 24 35 long long JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 24 36 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 24 37 term term NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 24 38 care care NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 24 39 facility facility NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 24 40 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 1 Colonization colonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 2 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 3 children child NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 4 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 5 organisms organism NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 6 specific specific JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 7 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 8 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 9 individual individual JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 10 clinical clinical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 11 conditions condition NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 12 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 13 such such JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 14 as as IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 15 Pseudomonas Pseudomonas NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 16 aeruginosa aeruginosa VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 17 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 18 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 19 tracheostomy tracheostomy NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 20 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 21 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 22 ventilator ventilator NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 23 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 24 dependent dependent JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 25 child child NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 26 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 27 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 28 multidrug multidrug NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 29 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 30 resistant resistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 31 Enterobacteriaceae Enterobacteriaceae NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 32 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 33 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 34 GI GI NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 35 tract tract NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 36 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 37 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 38 neurologically neurologically RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 39 impaired impaired JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 40 adolescent adolescent NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 41 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 42 neurogenic neurogenic JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 43 bladder bladder NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 44 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 45 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 46 history history NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 47 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 48 frequent frequent JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 49 urinary urinary JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 50 tract tract NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 51 infections infection NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 52 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 53 may may MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 54 lead lead VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 55 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 56 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 57 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 58 these these DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 59 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 25 60 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 26 1 These these DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 26 2 resident resident JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 26 3 organisms organism NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 26 4 may may MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 26 5 be be VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 26 6 transferred transfer VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 26 7 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 26 8 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 26 9 environment environment NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 26 10 where where WRB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 26 11 they -PRON- PRP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 26 12 can can MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 26 13 be be VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 26 14 acquired acquire VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 26 15 directly directly RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 26 16 by by IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 26 17 other other JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 26 18 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 26 19 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 26 20 transmitted transmit VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 26 21 indirectly indirectly RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 26 22 by by IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 26 23 HCW HCW NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 26 24 hands hand NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 26 25 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 27 1 High high JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 27 2 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 27 3 risk risk NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 27 4 populations population NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 27 5 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 27 6 acquisition acquisition NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 27 7 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 27 8 multidrug multidrug NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 27 9 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 27 10 resistant resistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 27 11 organisms organism NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 27 12 include include VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 27 13 those those DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 27 14 who who WP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 27 15 are be VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 27 16 critically critically RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 27 17 ill ill JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 27 18 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 27 19 who who WP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 27 20 are be VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 27 21 immunocompromised immunocompromised JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 27 22 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 27 23 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 27 24 who who WP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 27 25 have have VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 27 26 been be VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 27 27 hospitalized hospitalize VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 27 28 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 27 29 long long JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 27 30 periods period NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 27 31 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 27 32 time time NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 27 33 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 27 34 either either CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 27 35 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 27 36 acute acute JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 27 37 care care NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 27 38 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 27 39 long long JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 27 40 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 27 41 term term NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 27 42 care care NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 27 43 settings setting NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 27 44 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 28 1 Additional additional JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 28 2 risk risk NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 28 3 factors factor NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 28 4 include include VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 28 5 prolonged prolong VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 28 6 use use NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 28 7 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 28 8 antibiotics antibiotic NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 28 9 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 28 10 contact contact NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 28 11 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 28 12 colonized colonize VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 28 13 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 28 14 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 28 15 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 28 16 colonized colonize VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 28 17 / / SYM cord-016426-aw3wirmb 28 18 contaminated contaminate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 28 19 hands hand NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 28 20 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 28 21 HCW HCW NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 28 22 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 29 1 Colonizing colonize VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 29 2 organisms organism NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 29 3 may may MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 29 4 produce produce VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 29 5 invasive invasive JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 29 6 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 29 7 whether whether IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 29 8 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 29 9 not not RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 29 10 colonization colonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 29 11 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 29 12 acquired acquire VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 29 13 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 29 14 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 29 15 hospital hospital NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 29 16 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 29 17 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 29 18 community community NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 29 19 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 30 1 Colonization colonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 30 2 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 30 3 methicillinresistant methicillinresistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 30 4 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 30 5 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 30 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 30 7 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 30 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 30 9 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 30 10 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 30 11 risk risk NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 30 12 factor factor NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 30 13 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 30 14 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 30 15 invasive invasive JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 30 16 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 30 17 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 30 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 30 19 15 15 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 30 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 30 21 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 31 1 A a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 31 2 study study NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 31 3 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 31 4 relatedness relatedness NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 31 5 between between IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 31 6 colonizing colonize VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 31 7 strains strain NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 31 8 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 31 9 S. S. NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 31 10 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 31 11 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 31 12 those those DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 31 13 associated associate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 31 14 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 31 15 invasive invasive JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 31 16 disease disease NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 31 17 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 31 18 adults adult NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 31 19 found find VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 31 20 that that IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 31 21 more more JJR cord-016426-aw3wirmb 31 22 than than IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 31 23 80 80 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 31 24 % % NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 31 25 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 31 26 S. S. NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 31 27 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 31 28 blood blood NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 31 29 isolates isolate NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 31 30 were be VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 31 31 identical identical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 31 32 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 31 33 those those DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 31 34 colonizing colonize VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 31 35 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 31 36 patient patient NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 31 37 's 's POS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 31 38 anterior anterior JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 31 39 nares naris NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 31 40 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 31 41 16 16 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 31 42 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 31 43 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 32 1 Genotypes Genotypes NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 32 2 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 32 3 S. S. NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 32 4 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 32 5 strains strain NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 32 6 from from IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 32 7 surgical surgical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 32 8 site site NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 32 9 infections infection NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 32 10 were be VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 32 11 also also RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 32 12 noted note VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 32 13 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 32 14 be be VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 32 15 identical identical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 32 16 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 32 17 colonizing colonize VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 32 18 strains strain NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 32 19 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 32 20 more more JJR cord-016426-aw3wirmb 32 21 than than IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 32 22 80 80 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 32 23 % % NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 32 24 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 32 25 surgical surgical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 32 26 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 32 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 32 28 17 17 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 32 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 32 30 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 33 1 The the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 33 2 hospital hospital NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 33 3 environment environment NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 33 4 represents represent VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 33 5 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 33 6 reservoir reservoir NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 33 7 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 33 8 organisms organism NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 33 9 such such JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 33 10 as as IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 33 11 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 33 12 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 33 13 vancomycin vancomycin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 33 14 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 33 15 resistant resistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 33 16 Enterococcus Enterococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 33 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 33 18 VRE VRE NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 33 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 33 20 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 33 21 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 33 22 multidrug multidrug NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 33 23 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 33 24 resistant resistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 33 25 gram gram NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 33 26 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 33 27 negative negative JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 33 28 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 33 29 as as RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 33 30 well well RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 33 31 as as IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 33 32 Clostridium clostridium NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 33 33 difficile difficile NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 33 34 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 34 1 Notably notably RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 34 2 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 34 3 these these DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 34 4 same same JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 34 5 drug drug NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 34 6 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 34 7 resistant resistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 34 8 organisms organism NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 34 9 found find VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 34 10 on on IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 34 11 surfaces surface NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 34 12 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 34 13 acute acute JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 34 14 care care NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 34 15 hospital hospital NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 34 16 settings setting NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 34 17 can can MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 34 18 be be VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 34 19 found find VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 34 20 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 34 21 outpatient outpatient NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 34 22 settings setting NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 34 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 34 24 18 18 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 34 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 35 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 35 2 19 19 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 35 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 35 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 35 5 20 20 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 35 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 35 7 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 35 8 21 21 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 35 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 35 10 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 36 1 Transmission transmission NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 36 2 between between IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 36 3 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 36 4 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 36 5 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 36 6 environment environment NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 36 7 may may MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 36 8 occur occur VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 36 9 directly directly RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 36 10 from from IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 36 11 contaminated contaminate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 36 12 fomites fomite NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 36 13 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 36 14 indirectly indirectly RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 36 15 from from IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 36 16 fomites fomite NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 36 17 on on IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 36 18 HCW HCW NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 36 19 hands hand NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 36 20 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 36 21 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 36 22 indirectly indirectly RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 36 23 from from IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 36 24 patient patient NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 36 25 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 36 26 patient patient NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 36 27 on on IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 36 28 HCW HCW NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 36 29 hands hand NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 36 30 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 37 1 C. C. NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 37 2 difficile difficile NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 37 3 may may MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 37 4 be be VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 37 5 spread spread VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 37 6 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 37 7 this this DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 37 8 indirect indirect JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 37 9 fashion fashion NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 37 10 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 38 1 For for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 38 2 example example NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 38 3 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 38 4 this this DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 38 5 organism organism NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 38 6 may may MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 38 7 be be VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 38 8 first first RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 38 9 identified identify VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 38 10 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 38 11 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 38 12 stool stool NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 38 13 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 38 14 hospitalized hospitalize VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 38 15 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 38 16 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 38 17 then then RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 38 18 later later RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 38 19 found find VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 38 20 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 38 21 be be VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 38 22 contaminating contaminate VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 38 23 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 38 24 hospital hospital NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 38 25 room room NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 38 26 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 38 27 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 38 28 contents content NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 38 29 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 38 30 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 38 31 spread spread NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 38 32 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 38 33 HCW hcw VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 38 34 hands hand NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 38 35 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 38 36 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 38 37 hospital hospital NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 38 38 environment environment NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 38 39 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 39 1 Hospital hospital NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 39 2 surfaces surface NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 39 3 may may MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 39 4 serve serve VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 39 5 as as IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 39 6 both both CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 39 7 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 39 8 reservoir reservoir NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 39 9 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 39 10 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 39 11 vehicle vehicle NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 39 12 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 39 13 transmission transmission NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 39 14 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 39 15 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 39 16 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 40 1 Specific specific JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 40 2 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 40 3 such such JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 40 4 as as IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 40 5 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 40 6 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 40 7 22 22 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 40 8 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 40 9 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 40 10 Pseudomonas Pseudomonas NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 40 11 aeruginosa aeruginosa VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 40 12 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 40 13 23 23 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 40 14 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 40 15 , , . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 41 1 Acinetobacter Acinetobacter NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 41 2 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 41 3 24 24 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 41 4 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 41 5 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 41 6 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 41 7 C. C. NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 41 8 difficile difficile NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 41 9 can can MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 41 10 contaminate contaminate VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 41 11 hospital hospital NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 41 12 surfaces surface NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 41 13 because because IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 41 14 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 41 15 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 41 16 ability ability NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 41 17 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 41 18 survive survive VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 41 19 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 41 20 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 41 21 environment environment NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 41 22 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 42 1 The the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 42 2 amount amount NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 42 3 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 42 4 hospital hospital NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 42 5 surface surface NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 42 6 contamination contamination NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 42 7 varies vary VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 42 8 depending depend VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 42 9 on on IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 42 10 body body NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 42 11 site site NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 42 12 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 42 13 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 42 14 / / SYM cord-016426-aw3wirmb 42 15 colonization colonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 42 16 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 42 17 patient patient JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 42 18 type type NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 42 19 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 42 20 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 42 21 cleaning cleaning NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 42 22 practices practice NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 42 23 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 43 1 VRE VRE NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 43 2 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 43 3 commonly commonly RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 43 4 associated associate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 43 5 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 43 6 environmental environmental JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 43 7 contamination contamination NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 43 8 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 43 9 especially especially RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 43 10 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 43 11 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 43 12 presence presence NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 43 13 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 43 14 diarrhea diarrhea NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 43 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 43 16 25 25 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 43 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 43 18 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 44 1 In in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 44 2 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 44 3 study study NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 44 4 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 44 5 ICU ICU NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 44 6 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 44 7 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 44 8 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 44 9 rates rate NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 44 10 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 44 11 environmental environmental JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 44 12 contamination contamination NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 44 13 were be VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 44 14 higher high JJR cord-016426-aw3wirmb 44 15 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 44 16 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 44 17 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 44 18 more more JJR cord-016426-aw3wirmb 44 19 than than IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 44 20 one one CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 44 21 body body NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 44 22 site site NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 44 23 positive positive JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 44 24 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 44 25 VRE VRE NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 44 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 44 27 26 26 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 44 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 44 29 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 45 1 C. C. NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 45 2 difficile difficile NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 45 3 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 45 4 often often RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 45 5 identified identify VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 45 6 from from IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 45 7 rooms room NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 45 8 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 45 9 colonized colonize VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 45 10 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 45 11 infected infected JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 45 12 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 45 13 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 45 14 proving prove VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 45 15 difficult difficult JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 45 16 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 45 17 eradicate eradicate VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 45 18 due due IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 45 19 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 45 20 resilience resilience NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 45 21 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 45 22 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 45 23 spores spore NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 45 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 45 25 27 27 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 45 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 45 27 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 1 The the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 2 frequency frequency NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 3 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 4 positive positive JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 5 environmental environmental JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 6 cultures culture NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 7 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 8 C. C. NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 9 difficile difficile NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 10 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 11 high high JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 12 ; ; : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 13 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 14 one one CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 15 study study NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 16 29 29 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 17 % % NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 19 11 11 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 20 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 21 38 38 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 23 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 24 environmental environmental JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 25 cultures culture NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 26 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 27 rooms room NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 28 occupied occupy VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 29 by by IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 30 asymptomatic asymptomatic JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 31 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 32 had have VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 33 positive positive JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 34 cultures culture NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 35 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 36 C. C. NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 37 difficile difficile NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 38 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 39 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 40 49 49 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 41 % % NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 43 44 44 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 44 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 45 90 90 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 47 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 48 cultures culture NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 49 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 50 rooms room NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 51 occupied occupy VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 52 by by IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 53 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 54 had have VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 55 C. C. NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 56 difficile difficile NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 57 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 58 associated associate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 59 diarrhea diarrhea NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 60 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 61 p p NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 62 = = SYM cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 63 0.014 0.014 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 64 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 65 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 66 25 25 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 67 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 68 28 28 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 69 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 46 70 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 47 1 Over over IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 47 2 80 80 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 47 3 % % NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 47 4 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 47 5 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 47 6 environmental environmental JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 47 7 isolates isolate NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 47 8 characterized characterize VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 47 9 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 47 10 this this DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 47 11 study study NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 47 12 had have VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 47 13 an an DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 47 14 immunoblot immunoblot NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 47 15 type type NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 47 16 identical identical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 47 17 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 47 18 that that DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 47 19 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 47 20 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 47 21 patient patient NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 47 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 47 23 28 28 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 47 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 47 25 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 48 1 During during IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 48 2 an an DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 48 3 outbreak outbreak NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 48 4 investigation investigation NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 48 5 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 48 6 an an DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 48 7 adult adult NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 48 8 long long JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 48 9 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 48 10 term term NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 48 11 care care NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 48 12 facility facility NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 48 13 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 48 14 C. C. NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 48 15 difficile difficile NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 48 16 skin skin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 48 17 isolates isolate NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 48 18 from from IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 48 19 asymptomatic asymptomatic JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 48 20 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 48 21 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 48 22 from from IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 48 23 environmental environmental JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 48 24 surfaces surface NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 48 25 matched match VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 48 26 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 48 27 source source NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 48 28 patient patient NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 48 29 's 's POS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 48 30 isolate isolate NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 48 31 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 48 32 13/15 13/15 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 48 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 48 34 87 87 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 48 35 % % NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 48 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 48 37 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 48 38 11/19 11/19 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 48 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 48 40 58 58 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 48 41 % % NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 48 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 48 43 cases case NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 48 44 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 48 45 respectively respectively RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 48 46 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 48 47 29 29 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 48 48 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 48 49 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 49 1 C. C. NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 49 2 difficile difficile NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 49 3 has have VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 49 4 also also RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 49 5 been be VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 49 6 recovered recover VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 49 7 from from IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 49 8 physician physician NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 49 9 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 49 10 nurse nurse NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 49 11 work work NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 49 12 areas area NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 49 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 49 14 27 27 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 49 15 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 49 16 30 30 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 49 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 49 18 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 50 1 Given give VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 50 2 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 50 3 potential potential NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 50 4 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 50 5 hospital hospital NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 50 6 surfaces surface NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 50 7 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 50 8 be be VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 50 9 contaminated contaminate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 50 10 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 50 11 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 50 12 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 50 13 it -PRON- PRP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 50 14 stands stand VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 50 15 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 50 16 reason reason VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 50 17 that that IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 50 18 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 50 19 hands hand NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 50 20 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 50 21 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 50 22 even even RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 50 23 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 50 24 gloves glove NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 50 25 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 50 26 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 50 27 HCWs HCWs NNPS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 50 28 can can MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 50 29 become become VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 50 30 contaminated contaminate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 50 31 as as RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 50 32 well well RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 50 33 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 51 1 Contamination contamination NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 51 2 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 51 3 hands hand NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 51 4 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 51 5 HCWs hcw NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 51 6 occurs occur VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 51 7 after after IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 51 8 direct direct JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 51 9 patient patient NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 51 10 care care NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 51 11 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 51 12 contact contact NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 51 13 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 51 14 contaminated contaminated JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 51 15 surfaces surface NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 51 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 51 17 31 31 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 51 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 52 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 52 2 32 32 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 52 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 52 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 52 5 33 33 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 52 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 52 7 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 53 1 Positive positive JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 53 2 environmental environmental JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 53 3 cultures culture NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 53 4 were be VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 53 5 found find VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 53 6 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 53 7 be be VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 53 8 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 53 9 risk risk NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 53 10 factor factor NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 53 11 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 53 12 development development NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 53 13 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 53 14 hand hand NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 53 15 / / SYM cord-016426-aw3wirmb 53 16 glove glove NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 53 17 contamination contamination NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 53 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 53 19 34 34 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 53 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 53 21 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 54 1 Not not RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 54 2 surprisingly surprisingly RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 54 3 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 54 4 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 54 5 level level NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 54 6 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 54 7 hand hand NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 54 8 contamination contamination NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 54 9 has have VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 54 10 been be VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 54 11 shown show VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 54 12 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 54 13 correlate correlate VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 54 14 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 54 15 level level NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 54 16 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 54 17 environmental environmental JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 54 18 contamination contamination NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 54 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 54 20 35 35 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 54 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 54 22 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 55 1 Prior prior JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 55 2 room room NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 55 3 occupants occupant NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 55 4 infected infect VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 55 5 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 55 6 healthcare healthcare NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 55 7 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 55 8 associated associate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 55 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 55 10 HCA HCA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 55 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 55 12 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 55 13 may may MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 55 14 provide provide VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 55 15 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 55 16 source source NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 55 17 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 55 18 exposure exposure NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 55 19 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 55 20 other other JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 55 21 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 55 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 55 23 36 36 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 55 24 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 55 25 37 37 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 55 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 55 27 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 56 1 Admission admission NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 56 2 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 56 3 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 56 4 room room NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 56 5 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 56 6 which which WDT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 56 7 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 56 8 prior prior JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 56 9 occupant occupant NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 56 10 was be VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 56 11 infected infect VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 56 12 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 56 13 colonized colonize VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 56 14 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 56 15 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 56 16 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 56 17 VRE VRE NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 56 18 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 56 19 Acinetobacter Acinetobacter NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 56 20 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 56 21 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 56 22 C. C. NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 56 23 difficile difficile NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 56 24 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 56 25 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 56 26 risk risk NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 56 27 factor factor NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 56 28 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 56 29 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 56 30 colonization colonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 56 31 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 56 32 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 56 33 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 56 34 these these DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 56 35 organisms organism NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 56 36 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 56 37 38 38 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 56 38 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 56 39 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 56 40 39 39 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 56 41 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 56 42 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 56 43 40 40 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 56 44 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 56 45 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 56 46 41 41 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 56 47 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 56 48 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 57 1 Special special JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 57 2 terminal terminal NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 57 3 cleaning cleaning NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 57 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 57 5 after after IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 57 6 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 57 7 patient patient NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 57 8 has have VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 57 9 been be VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 57 10 discharged discharge VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 57 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 57 12 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 57 13 rooms room NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 57 14 previously previously RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 57 15 occupied occupy VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 57 16 by by IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 57 17 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 57 18 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 57 19 C. C. NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 57 20 difficile difficile NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 57 21 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 57 22 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 57 23 including include VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 57 24 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 57 25 use use NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 57 26 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 57 27 hydrogen hydrogen NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 57 28 peroxide peroxide NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 57 29 vapor vapor NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 57 30 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 57 31 has have VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 57 32 been be VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 57 33 implemented implement VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 57 34 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 57 35 reduce reduce VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 57 36 rates rate NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 57 37 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 57 38 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 57 39 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 57 40 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 57 41 42 42 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 57 42 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 57 43 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 58 1 These these DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 58 2 procedures procedure NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 58 3 have have VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 58 4 led lead VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 58 5 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 58 6 reduced reduce VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 58 7 rates rate NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 58 8 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 58 9 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 58 10 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 58 11 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 58 12 subsequently subsequently RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 58 13 admitted admit VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 58 14 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 58 15 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 58 16 room room NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 58 17 where where WRB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 58 18 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 58 19 prior prior JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 58 20 room room NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 58 21 occupant occupant NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 58 22 was be VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 58 23 infected infect VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 58 24 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 58 25 colonized colonize VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 58 26 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 58 27 C. C. NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 58 28 difficile difficile NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 58 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 58 30 43 43 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 58 31 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 58 32 44 44 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 58 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 58 34 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 59 1 Since since IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 59 2 colonization colonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 59 3 may may MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 59 4 lead lead VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 59 5 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 59 6 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 59 7 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 59 8 two two CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 59 9 basic basic JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 59 10 strategies strategy NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 59 11 -horizontal -horizontal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 59 12 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 59 13 vertical vertical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 59 14 -are -are HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 59 15 employed employ VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 59 16 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 59 17 reduce reduce VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 59 18 HAIs hai NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 59 19 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 60 1 Horizontal horizontal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 60 2 strategies strategy NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 60 3 seek seek VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 60 4 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 60 5 broadly broadly RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 60 6 reduce reduce VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 60 7 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 60 8 burden burden NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 60 9 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 60 10 common common JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 60 11 healthcare healthcare NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 60 12 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 60 13 associated associate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 60 14 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 60 15 including include VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 60 16 S. S. NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 60 17 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 60 18 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 60 19 Enterococcus Enterococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 60 20 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 60 21 gram gram NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 60 22 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 60 23 negative negative JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 60 24 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 60 25 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 60 26 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 60 27 Candida Candida NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 60 28 through through IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 60 29 interventions intervention NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 60 30 such such JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 60 31 as as IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 60 32 hand hand NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 60 33 hygiene hygiene NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 60 34 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 60 35 environmental environmental JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 60 36 cleaning cleaning NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 60 37 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 61 1 Vertical vertical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 61 2 strategies strategy NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 61 3 target target VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 61 4 specific specific JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 61 5 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 61 6 known know VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 61 7 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 61 8 cause cause VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 61 9 HAIs hai NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 61 10 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 61 11 utilize utilize VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 61 12 active active JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 61 13 surveillance surveillance NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 61 14 testing testing NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 61 15 as as RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 61 16 well well RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 61 17 as as IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 61 18 directed direct VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 61 19 approaches approach NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 61 20 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 61 21 decrease decrease VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 61 22 colonization colonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 61 23 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 61 24 prevent prevent VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 61 25 transmission transmission NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 61 26 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 61 27 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 61 28 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 61 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 61 30 45 45 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 61 31 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 61 32 46 46 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 61 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 61 34 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 62 1 General general JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 62 2 horizontal horizontal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 62 3 prevention prevention NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 62 4 strategies strategy NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 62 5 are be VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 62 6 approached approach VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 62 7 elsewhere elsewhere RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 62 8 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 62 9 this this DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 62 10 text text NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 62 11 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 62 12 include include VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 62 13 hand hand NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 62 14 hygiene hygiene NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 62 15 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 62 16 contact contact NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 62 17 precautions precaution NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 62 18 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 62 19 isolation isolation NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 62 20 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 62 21 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 62 22 PPE PPE NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 62 23 use use NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 62 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 62 25 see see VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 62 26 Chap Chap NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 62 27 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 63 1 1 1 LS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 63 2 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 63 3 Principles Principles NNPS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 63 4 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 63 5 Infection Infection NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 63 6 Control Control NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 63 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 63 8 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 64 1 Strategies strategy NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 64 2 applied apply VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 64 3 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 64 4 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 64 5 known know VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 64 6 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 64 7 at at IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 64 8 risk risk NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 64 9 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 64 10 pathogen pathogen NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 64 11 colonization colonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 64 12 when when WRB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 64 13 viewed view VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 64 14 from from IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 64 15 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 64 16 vertical vertical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 64 17 approach approach NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 64 18 fall fall VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 64 19 into into IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 64 20 three three CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 64 21 broad broad JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 64 22 categories category NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 64 23 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 64 24 active active JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 64 25 surveillance surveillance NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 64 26 testing testing NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 64 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 64 28 AST AST NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 64 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 64 30 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 64 31 pathogen pathogen NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 64 32 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 64 33 specific specific JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 64 34 isolation isolation NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 64 35 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 64 36 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 64 37 decolonization decolonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 64 38 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 1 Screening screening NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 3 active active JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 4 surveillance surveillance NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 5 testing testing NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 6 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 7 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 8 AST AST NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 10 involves involve VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 11 detection detection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 12 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 13 colonized colonize VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 14 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 15 using use VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 16 culture culture NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 17 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 18 molecular molecular JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 19 methods method NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 20 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 21 typically typically RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 22 focuses focus VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 23 on on IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 24 high high JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 25 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 26 risk risk NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 27 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 28 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 29 including include VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 30 S. S. NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 31 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 33 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 35 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 36 Enterococcus Enterococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 38 VRE VRE NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 40 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 41 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 42 C. C. NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 43 difficile difficile NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 44 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 45 that that WDT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 46 are be VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 47 transmitted transmit VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 48 from from IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 49 person person NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 50 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 51 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 52 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 53 person person NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 54 from from IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 55 colonized colonize VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 56 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 57 infected infect VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 58 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 59 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 60 45 45 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 61 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 62 47 47 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 63 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 64 48 48 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 65 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 65 66 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 66 1 Some some DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 66 2 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 66 3 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 66 4 principles principle NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 66 5 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 66 6 strategies strategy NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 66 7 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 66 8 challenges challenge NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 66 9 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 66 10 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 66 11 controversies controversy NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 66 12 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 66 13 AST AST NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 66 14 will will MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 66 15 be be VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 66 16 discussed discuss VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 66 17 below below RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 66 18 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 67 1 Optimal optimal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 67 2 samples sample NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 67 3 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 67 4 AST ast NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 67 5 vary vary VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 67 6 by by IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 67 7 pathogen pathogen NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 67 8 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 68 1 Specimens specimen NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 68 2 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 68 3 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 68 4 testing testing NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 68 5 are be VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 68 6 most most RBS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 68 7 frequently frequently RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 68 8 obtained obtain VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 68 9 from from IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 68 10 nares naris NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 68 11 ; ; : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 68 12 however however RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 68 13 S. S. NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 68 14 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 68 15 also also RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 68 16 colonizes colonize VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 68 17 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 68 18 skin skin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 68 19 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 68 20 perineum perineum NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 68 21 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 68 22 pharynx pharynx NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 68 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 68 24 49 49 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 68 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 69 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 69 2 50 50 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 69 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 69 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 69 5 51 51 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 69 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 70 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 70 2 52 52 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 70 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 70 4 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 70 5 GI GI NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 70 6 tract tract NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 70 7 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 70 8 49 49 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 70 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 70 10 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 70 11 vagina vagina NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 70 12 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 70 13 53 53 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 70 14 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 70 15 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 70 16 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 70 17 axillae axillae NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 70 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 70 19 49 49 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 70 20 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 70 21 50 50 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 70 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 70 23 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 70 24 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 70 25 additional additional JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 70 26 sites site NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 70 27 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 70 28 screening screening NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 70 29 may may MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 70 30 be be VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 70 31 indicated indicate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 70 32 depending depend VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 70 33 on on IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 70 34 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 70 35 clinical clinical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 70 36 scenario scenario NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 70 37 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 70 38 potential potential JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 70 39 consequences consequence NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 70 40 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 70 41 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 70 42 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 71 1 Specimens specimen NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 71 2 may may MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 71 3 undergo undergo VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 71 4 culture culture NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 71 5 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 71 6 based base VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 71 7 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 71 8 molecular molecular JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 71 9 methods method NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 71 10 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 71 11 detection detection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 71 12 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 71 13 S. S. NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 71 14 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 71 15 / / SYM cord-016426-aw3wirmb 71 16 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 71 17 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 72 1 VRE VRE NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 72 2 colonization colonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 72 3 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 72 4 based base VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 72 5 on on IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 72 6 samples sample NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 72 7 from from IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 72 8 stool stool NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 72 9 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 72 10 rectal rectal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 72 11 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 72 12 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 72 13 perirectal perirectal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 72 14 swabs swab NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 72 15 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 72 16 using use VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 72 17 both both DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 72 18 molecular molecular JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 72 19 methods method NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 72 20 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 72 21 culture culture NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 72 22 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 72 23 based base VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 72 24 methods method NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 72 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 72 26 54 54 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 72 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 72 28 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 73 1 Rectal rectal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 73 2 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 73 3 stool stool NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 73 4 samples sample NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 73 5 are be VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 73 6 also also RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 73 7 used use VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 73 8 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 73 9 detection detection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 73 10 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 73 11 multidrug multidrug NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 73 12 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 73 13 resistant resistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 73 14 gram gram NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 73 15 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 73 16 negative negative JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 73 17 organisms organism NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 73 18 such such JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 73 19 as as IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 73 20 extended extend VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 73 21 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 73 22 spectrum spectrum NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 73 23 β β NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 73 24 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 73 25 lactamase lactamase NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 73 26 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 73 27 producing produce VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 73 28 Enterobacteriaceae Enterobacteriaceae NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 73 29 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 73 30 as as RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 73 31 well well RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 73 32 as as IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 73 33 carbapenemase carbapenemase NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 73 34 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 73 35 producing produce VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 73 36 Enterobacteriaceae Enterobacteriaceae NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 73 37 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 74 1 Pseudomonas Pseudomonas NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 74 2 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 74 3 Acinetobacter Acinetobacter NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 74 4 may may MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 74 5 be be VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 74 6 detected detect VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 74 7 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 74 8 multiple multiple JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 74 9 sites site NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 74 10 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 74 11 depending depend VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 74 12 on on IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 74 13 clinical clinical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 74 14 situation situation NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 74 15 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 74 16 including include VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 74 17 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 74 18 rectum rectum NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 74 19 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 74 20 skin skin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 74 21 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 74 22 nares naris NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 74 23 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 74 24 pharynx pharynx NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 74 25 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 74 26 wounds wound NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 74 27 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 74 28 urine urine NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 74 29 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 74 30 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 74 31 trachea trachea NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 74 32 if if IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 74 33 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 74 34 patient patient NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 74 35 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 74 36 mechanically mechanically RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 74 37 ventilated ventilate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 74 38 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 75 1 The the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 75 2 use use NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 75 3 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 75 4 AST ast NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 75 5 without without IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 75 6 additional additional JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 75 7 interventions intervention NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 75 8 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 75 9 reduce reduce VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 75 10 risk risk NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 75 11 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 75 12 transmission transmission NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 75 13 has have VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 75 14 not not RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 75 15 proven prove VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 75 16 effective effective JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 75 17 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 76 1 Universal universal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 76 2 screening screening NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 76 3 effort effort NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 76 4 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 76 5 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 76 6 has have VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 76 7 been be VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 76 8 most most RBS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 76 9 widely widely RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 76 10 studied study VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 76 11 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 76 12 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 76 13 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 76 14 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 76 15 considered consider VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 76 16 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 76 17 be be VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 76 18 controversial controversial JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 76 19 due due IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 76 20 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 76 21 questions question NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 76 22 regarding regard VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 76 23 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 76 24 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 76 25 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 76 26 controlling control VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 76 27 spread spread NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 76 28 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 76 29 as as RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 76 30 well well RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 76 31 as as IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 76 32 cost cost NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 76 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 76 34 45 45 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 76 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 76 36 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 77 1 Screening screening NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 77 2 alone alone RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 77 3 has have VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 77 4 not not RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 77 5 shown show VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 77 6 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 77 7 be be VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 77 8 effective effective JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 77 9 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 77 10 reducing reduce VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 77 11 colonization colonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 77 12 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 77 13 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 77 14 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 77 15 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 77 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 77 17 55 55 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 77 18 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 77 19 56 56 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 77 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 77 21 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 78 1 Studies study NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 78 2 have have VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 78 3 failed fail VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 78 4 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 78 5 show show VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 78 6 benefit benefit NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 78 7 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 78 8 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 78 9 combination combination NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 78 10 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 78 11 AST ast NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 78 12 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 78 13 isolation isolation NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 78 14 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 78 15 reducing reduce VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 78 16 VRE VRE NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 78 17 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 78 18 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 78 19 colonization colonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 78 20 ; ; : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 78 21 however however RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 78 22 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 78 23 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 78 24 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 78 25 VRE VRE NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 78 26 have have VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 78 27 been be VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 78 28 successfully successfully RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 78 29 controlled control VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 78 30 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 78 31 hospital hospital NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 78 32 settings setting NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 78 33 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 78 34 use use NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 78 35 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 78 36 active active JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 78 37 surveillance surveillance NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 78 38 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 78 39 contact contact NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 78 40 precautions precaution NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 78 41 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 78 42 patient patient JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 78 43 isolation isolation NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 78 44 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 78 45 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 78 46 cohorting cohorte VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 78 47 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 78 48 57 57 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 78 49 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 78 50 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 79 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 79 2 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 79 3 active active JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 79 4 surveillance surveillance NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 79 5 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 79 6 most most RBS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 79 7 useful useful JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 79 8 following follow VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 79 9 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 79 10 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 79 11 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 79 12 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 79 13 58 58 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 79 14 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 79 15 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 80 1 A a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 80 2 cluster cluster NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 80 3 randomized randomize VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 80 4 trial trial NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 80 5 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 80 6 intensive intensive JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 80 7 care care NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 80 8 units unit NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 80 9 found find VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 80 10 that that IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 80 11 universal universal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 80 12 gown gown NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 80 13 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 80 14 glove glove NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 80 15 use use NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 80 16 did do VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 80 17 not not RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 80 18 reduce reduce VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 80 19 overall overall JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 80 20 acquisition acquisition NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 80 21 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 80 22 multidrug multidrug NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 80 23 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 80 24 resistant resistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 80 25 organisms organism NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 80 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 80 27 MDRO MDRO NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 80 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 80 29 ; ; : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 80 30 there there EX cord-016426-aw3wirmb 80 31 was be VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 80 32 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 80 33 however however RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 80 34 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 80 35 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 80 36 small small JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 80 37 reduction reduction NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 80 38 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 80 39 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 80 40 transmission transmission NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 80 41 noted note VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 80 42 as as IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 80 43 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 80 44 secondary secondary JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 80 45 outcome outcome NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 80 46 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 80 47 59 59 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 80 48 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 80 49 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 81 1 Another another DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 81 2 prospective prospective JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 81 3 study study NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 81 4 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 81 5 ICU ICU NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 81 6 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 81 7 failed fail VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 81 8 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 81 9 show show VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 81 10 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 81 11 difference difference NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 81 12 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 81 13 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 81 14 transmission transmission NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 81 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 81 16 60 60 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 81 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 81 18 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 81 19 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 81 20 additional additional JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 81 21 concerns concern NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 81 22 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 81 23 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 81 24 psychosocial psychosocial JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 81 25 effect effect NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 81 26 that that WDT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 81 27 isolation isolation NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 81 28 places place VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 81 29 on on IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 81 30 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 81 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 81 32 61 61 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 81 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 81 34 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 82 1 In in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 82 2 observational observational JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 82 3 studies study NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 82 4 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 82 5 single single JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 82 6 room room NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 82 7 isolation isolation NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 82 8 was be VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 82 9 shown show VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 82 10 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 82 11 reduce reduce VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 82 12 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 82 13 acquisition acquisition NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 82 14 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 82 15 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 82 16 among among IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 82 17 hospitalized hospitalize VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 82 18 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 82 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 82 20 62 62 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 82 21 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 82 22 63 63 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 82 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 82 24 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 83 1 Current current JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 83 2 recommendations recommendation NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 83 3 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 83 4 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 83 5 colonized colonize VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 83 6 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 83 7 infected infected JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 83 8 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 83 9 include include VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 83 10 isolation isolation NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 83 11 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 83 12 single single JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 83 13 rooms room NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 83 14 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 83 15 cohorting cohorte VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 83 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 83 17 64 64 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 83 18 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 83 19 65 65 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 83 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 83 21 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 84 1 However however RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 84 2 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 84 3 experts expert NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 84 4 have have VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 84 5 called call VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 84 6 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 84 7 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 84 8 review review NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 84 9 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 84 10 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 84 11 current current JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 84 12 recommendations recommendation NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 84 13 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 84 14 contact contact NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 84 15 precautions precaution NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 84 16 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 84 17 isolation isolation NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 84 18 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 84 19 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 84 20 colonization colonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 84 21 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 84 22 view view NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 84 23 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 84 24 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 84 25 above above RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 84 26 stated state VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 84 27 concerns concern NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 84 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 84 29 66 66 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 84 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 84 31 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 85 1 The the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 85 2 addition addition NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 85 3 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 85 4 targeted target VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 85 5 decolonization decolonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 85 6 strategies strategy NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 85 7 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 85 8 AST ast NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 85 9 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 85 10 isolation isolation NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 85 11 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 85 12 control control NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 85 13 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 85 14 spread spread NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 85 15 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 85 16 healthcare healthcare NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 85 17 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 85 18 associated associate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 85 19 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 85 20 has have VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 85 21 been be VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 85 22 most most RBS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 85 23 extensively extensively RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 85 24 studied study VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 85 25 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 85 26 prevent prevent VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 85 27 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 85 28 spread spread VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 85 29 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 85 30 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 85 31 hospital hospital NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 85 32 setting setting NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 85 33 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 86 1 Patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 86 2 who who WP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 86 3 are be VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 86 4 nasally nasally RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 86 5 colonized colonize VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 86 6 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 86 7 S. S. NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 86 8 aureus aureu NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 86 9 are be VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 86 10 more more JJR cord-016426-aw3wirmb 86 11 than than IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 86 12 twice twice RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 86 13 as as RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 86 14 likely likely JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 86 15 as as IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 86 16 non non JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 86 17 - - JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 86 18 colonized colonize VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 86 19 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 86 20 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 86 21 develop develop VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 86 22 S. S. NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 86 23 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 86 24 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 86 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 86 26 1 1 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 86 27 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 86 28 67 67 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 86 29 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 86 30 68 68 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 86 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 86 32 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 87 1 Carriage carriage NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 87 2 may may MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 87 3 be be VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 87 4 classified classify VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 87 5 as as IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 87 6 persistent persistent JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 87 7 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 87 8 intermittent intermittent JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 87 9 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 87 10 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 87 11 noncarriage noncarriage NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 87 12 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 87 13 69 69 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 87 14 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 87 15 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 88 1 Persistent persistent JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 88 2 colonization colonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 88 3 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 88 4 associated associate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 88 5 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 88 6 an an DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 88 7 increased increase VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 88 8 risk risk NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 88 9 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 88 10 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 88 11 compared compare VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 88 12 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 88 13 intermittent intermittent JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 88 14 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 88 15 non non JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 88 16 - - JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 88 17 carriers carrier NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 88 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 88 19 70 70 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 88 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 88 21 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 89 1 Carriers carrier NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 89 2 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 89 3 high high JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 89 4 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 89 5 loads load NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 89 6 have have VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 89 7 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 89 8 higher high JJR cord-016426-aw3wirmb 89 9 risk risk NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 89 10 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 89 11 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 89 12 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 89 13 may may MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 89 14 be be VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 89 15 more more RBR cord-016426-aw3wirmb 89 16 likely likely JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 89 17 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 89 18 transmit transmit VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 89 19 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 89 20 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 89 21 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 89 22 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 89 23 environment environment NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 89 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 89 25 70 70 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 89 26 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 89 27 71 71 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 89 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 89 29 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 90 1 Greater great JJR cord-016426-aw3wirmb 90 2 quantities quantity NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 90 3 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 90 4 S. S. NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 90 5 aureus aureu NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 90 6 are be VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 90 7 found find VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 90 8 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 90 9 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 90 10 nares naris NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 90 11 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 90 12 persistent persistent JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 90 13 S. S. NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 90 14 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 90 15 carriers carrier NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 90 16 compared compare VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 90 17 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 90 18 intermittent intermittent JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 90 19 carriers carrier NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 90 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 90 21 72 72 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 90 22 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 90 23 73 73 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 90 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 90 25 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 91 1 Much much JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 91 2 research research NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 91 3 exists exist VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 91 4 regarding regard VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 91 5 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 91 6 efficacy efficacy NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 91 7 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 91 8 active active JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 91 9 surveillance surveillance NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 91 10 cultures culture NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 91 11 combined combine VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 91 12 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 91 13 decolonization decolonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 91 14 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 91 15 decrease decrease VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 91 16 S. S. NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 91 17 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 91 18 transmission transmission NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 91 19 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 91 20 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 91 21 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 91 22 adults adult NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 91 23 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 91 24 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 91 25 growing grow VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 91 26 literature literature NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 91 27 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 91 28 neonatal neonatal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 91 29 ICUs icu NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 91 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 91 31 74 74 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 91 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 91 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 91 34 75 75 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 91 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 91 36 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 91 37 76 76 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 91 38 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 91 39 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 92 1 Intranasal intranasal NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 92 2 antibiotics antibiotic NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 92 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 92 4 mupirocin mupirocin NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 92 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 92 6 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 92 7 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 92 8 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 92 9 without without IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 92 10 antibacterial antibacterial JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 92 11 skin skin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 92 12 washes wash NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 92 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 92 14 chlorhexidine chlorhexidine NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 92 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 92 16 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 92 17 have have VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 92 18 been be VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 92 19 used use VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 92 20 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 92 21 order order NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 92 22 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 92 23 decrease decrease VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 92 24 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 92 25 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 92 26 burden burden NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 92 27 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 92 28 prevent prevent VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 92 29 transmission transmission NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 92 30 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 92 31 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 92 32 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 1 Shortterm shortterm JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 2 nasal nasal NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 3 mupirocin mupirocin NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 4 has have VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 5 been be VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 6 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 7 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 8 be be VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 9 effective effective JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 10 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 11 eradicating eradicate VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 12 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 13 nasal nasal NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 14 carriage carriage NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 15 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 16 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 17 up up IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 18 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 19 90 90 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 20 % % NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 21 success success NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 22 after after IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 23 1 1 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 24 week week NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 25 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 26 treatment treatment NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 27 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 28 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 29 30 30 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 30 - - SYM cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 31 60 60 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 32 % % NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 33 efficacy efficacy NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 34 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 35 longer long JJR cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 36 duration duration NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 37 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 38 follow follow NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 39 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 40 up up NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 41 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 42 depending depend VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 43 on on IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 44 patient patient JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 45 profile profile NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 46 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 47 body body NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 48 sites site NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 49 colonized colonize VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 50 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 51 77 77 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 52 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 53 78 78 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 54 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 93 55 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 94 1 Nasal nasal NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 94 2 mupirocin mupirocin NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 94 3 use use VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 94 4 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 94 5 high high JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 94 6 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 94 7 risk risk NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 94 8 settings setting NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 94 9 has have VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 94 10 been be VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 94 11 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 94 12 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 94 13 be be VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 94 14 effective effective JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 94 15 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 94 16 eradicating eradicate VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 94 17 S. S. NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 94 18 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 94 19 nasal nasal VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 94 20 colonization colonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 94 21 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 94 22 reducing reduce VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 94 23 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 94 24 number number NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 94 25 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 94 26 infections infection NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 94 27 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 94 28 ICU ICU NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 94 29 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 94 30 hemodialysis hemodialysis NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 94 31 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 94 32 surgical surgical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 94 33 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 94 34 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 94 35 long long JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 94 36 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 94 37 term term NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 94 38 care care NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 94 39 settings setting NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 94 40 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 94 41 79 79 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 94 42 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 94 43 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 94 44 80 80 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 94 45 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 94 46 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 94 47 81 81 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 94 48 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 94 49 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 94 50 82 82 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 94 51 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 94 52 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 1 In in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 2 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 3 study study NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 4 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 5 nearly nearly RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 6 two two CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 7 million million CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 8 adult adult NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 9 admissions admission NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 10 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 11 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 12 significant significant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 13 reduction reduction NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 14 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 15 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 16 rate rate NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 17 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 18 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 19 transmission transmission NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 20 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 21 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 22 was be VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 23 noted note VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 24 after after IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 25 introduction introduction NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 26 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 27 an an DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 28 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 29 control control NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 30 bundle bundle NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 31 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 32 which which WDT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 33 included include VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 34 decolonization decolonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 35 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 36 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 37 carriers carrier NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 38 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 39 isolation isolation NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 40 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 41 83 83 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 42 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 43 84 84 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 44 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 45 as as RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 46 well well RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 47 as as IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 48 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 49 hand hand NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 50 hygiene hygiene NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 51 program program NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 52 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 53 84 84 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 54 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 95 55 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 96 1 However however RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 96 2 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 96 3 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 96 4 crossover crossover NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 96 5 study study NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 96 6 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 96 7 universal universal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 96 8 screening screening NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 96 9 on on IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 96 10 surgical surgical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 96 11 wards ward NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 96 12 combined combine VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 96 13 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 96 14 targeted target VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 96 15 decolonization decolonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 96 16 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 96 17 contact contact NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 96 18 precautions precaution NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 96 19 was be VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 96 20 unable unable JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 96 21 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 96 22 demonstrate demonstrate VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 96 23 reduction reduction NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 96 24 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 96 25 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 96 26 infections infection NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 96 27 despite despite IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 96 28 high high JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 96 29 compliance compliance NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 96 30 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 96 31 screening screen VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 96 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 96 33 85 85 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 96 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 96 35 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 97 1 Nasal nasal NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 97 2 mupirocin mupirocin VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 97 3 decolonization decolonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 97 4 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 97 5 NICU NICU NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 97 6 infants infant NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 97 7 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 97 8 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 97 9 colonization colonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 97 10 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 97 11 two two CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 97 12 units unit NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 97 13 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 97 14 high high JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 97 15 prevalence prevalence NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 97 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 97 17 > > NFP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 97 18 25 25 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 97 19 % % NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 97 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 97 21 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 97 22 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 97 23 colonization colonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 97 24 decreased decrease VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 97 25 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 97 26 rate rate NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 97 27 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 97 28 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 97 29 infections infection NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 97 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 97 31 86 86 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 97 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 97 33 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 98 1 However however RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 98 2 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 98 3 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 98 4 retrospective retrospective JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 98 5 study study NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 98 6 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 98 7 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 98 8 USA USA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 98 9 failed fail VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 98 10 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 98 11 demonstrate demonstrate VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 98 12 benefit benefit NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 98 13 when when WRB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 98 14 nasal nasal NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 98 15 mupirocin mupirocin NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 98 16 was be VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 98 17 used use VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 98 18 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 98 19 5 5 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 98 20 days day NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 98 21 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 98 22 colonized colonize VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 98 23 neonates neonate NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 98 24 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 98 25 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 98 26 unit unit NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 98 27 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 98 28 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 98 29 baseline baseline JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 98 30 prevalence prevalence NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 98 31 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 98 32 around around IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 98 33 2 2 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 98 34 % % NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 98 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 98 36 87 87 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 98 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 98 38 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 99 1 This this DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 99 2 study study NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 99 3 showed show VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 99 4 that that IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 99 5 some some DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 99 6 NICU NICU NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 99 7 infants infant NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 99 8 develop develop VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 99 9 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 99 10 prior prior RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 99 11 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 99 12 detection detection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 99 13 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 99 14 colonization colonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 99 15 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 99 16 infants infant NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 99 17 who who WP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 99 18 remain remain VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 99 19 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 99 20 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 99 21 NICU NICU NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 99 22 can can MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 99 23 become become VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 99 24 recolonized recolonize VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 99 25 over over IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 99 26 time time NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 99 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 99 28 87 87 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 99 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 99 30 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 100 1 Taken take VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 100 2 together together RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 100 3 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 100 4 these these DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 100 5 data datum NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 100 6 suggest suggest VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 100 7 that that IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 100 8 decolonization decolonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 100 9 measures measure NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 100 10 may may MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 100 11 be be VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 100 12 most most RBS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 100 13 beneficial beneficial JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 100 14 when when WRB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 100 15 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 100 16 baseline baseline JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 100 17 rate rate NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 100 18 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 100 19 colonization colonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 100 20 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 100 21 high high JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 100 22 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 101 1 Additional additional JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 101 2 NICU NICU NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 101 3 studies study NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 101 4 have have VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 101 5 found find VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 101 6 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 101 7 high high JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 101 8 correlation correlation NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 101 9 between between IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 101 10 colonizing colonize VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 101 11 strains strain NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 101 12 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 101 13 infecting infect VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 101 14 strains strain NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 101 15 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 101 16 confirmed confirm VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 101 17 high high JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 101 18 rates rate NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 101 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 101 20 42 42 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 101 21 % % NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 101 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 101 23 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 101 24 infections infection NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 101 25 occurring occur VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 101 26 before before IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 101 27 colonization colonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 101 28 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 101 29 detected detect VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 101 30 suggesting suggest VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 101 31 universal universal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 101 32 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 101 33 rather rather RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 101 34 than than IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 101 35 targeted target VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 101 36 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 101 37 decolonization decolonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 101 38 should should MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 101 39 be be VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 101 40 used use VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 101 41 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 101 42 control control VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 101 43 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 101 44 spread spread NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 101 45 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 101 46 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 101 47 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 101 48 74 74 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 101 49 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 101 50 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 102 1 Current current JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 102 2 recommendations recommendation NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 102 3 suggest suggest VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 102 4 that that IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 102 5 decolonization decolonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 102 6 may may MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 102 7 be be VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 102 8 considered consider VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 102 9 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 102 10 highrisk highrisk JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 102 11 neonates neonate NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 102 12 during during IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 102 13 an an DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 102 14 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 102 15 outbreak outbreak NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 102 16 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 102 17 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 102 18 cases case NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 102 19 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 102 20 endemic endemic JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 102 21 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 102 22 when when WRB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 102 23 other other JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 102 24 measures measure NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 102 25 are be VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 102 26 failing fail VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 102 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 102 28 88 88 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 102 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 102 30 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 1 A a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 2 recent recent JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 3 Society Society NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 4 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 5 Hospital Hospital NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 6 Epidemiology Epidemiology NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 7 Association Association NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 9 SHEA SHEA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 11 survey survey VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 12 regarding regard VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 13 practices practice NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 14 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 15 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 16 identification identification NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 17 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 18 eradication eradication NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 19 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 20 NICUs NICUs NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 21 noted note VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 22 that that IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 23 most most JJS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 25 86 86 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 26 % % NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 28 performed perform VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 29 surveillance surveillance NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 30 screening screening NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 32 AST AST NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 34 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 35 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 36 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 37 neonates neonate NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 38 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 39 variability variability NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 40 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 41 timing timing NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 42 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 43 samples sample NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 44 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 45 sites site NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 46 sampled sample VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 47 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 48 isolation isolation NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 49 protocols protocol NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 50 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 51 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 52 decolonization decolonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 53 strategies strategy NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 54 employed employ VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 55 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 56 89 89 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 57 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 103 58 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 104 1 Recommendations recommendation NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 104 2 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 104 3 MSSA MSSA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 104 4 are be VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 104 5 less less RBR cord-016426-aw3wirmb 104 6 clear clear JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 104 7 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 105 1 Invasive invasive JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 105 2 MSSA MSSA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 105 3 infections infection NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 105 4 occur occur VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 105 5 2.5 2.5 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 105 6 times time NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 105 7 more more RBR cord-016426-aw3wirmb 105 8 frequently frequently RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 105 9 than than IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 105 10 invasive invasive JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 105 11 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 105 12 infections infection NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 105 13 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 105 14 neonates neonate NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 105 15 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 105 16 leading lead VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 105 17 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 105 18 significant significant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 105 19 morbidity morbidity NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 105 20 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 105 21 mortality mortality NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 105 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 105 23 90 90 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 105 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 105 25 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 106 1 Targeted targeted JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 106 2 screening screening NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 106 3 followed follow VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 106 4 by by IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 106 5 MSSA MSSA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 106 6 decolonization decolonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 106 7 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 106 8 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 106 9 single single JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 106 10 NICU NICU NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 106 11 reduced reduce VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 106 12 incidence incidence NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 106 13 rates rate NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 106 14 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 106 15 MSSA mssa JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 106 16 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 106 17 positive positive JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 106 18 clinical clinical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 106 19 cultures culture NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 106 20 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 106 21 MSSA mssa JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 106 22 infections infection NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 106 23 by by IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 106 24 more more JJR cord-016426-aw3wirmb 106 25 than than IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 106 26 50 50 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 106 27 % % NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 106 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 106 29 91 91 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 106 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 106 31 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 107 1 Mupirocin Mupirocin NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 107 2 resistance resistance NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 107 3 among among IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 107 4 S. S. NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 107 5 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 107 6 isolates isolate NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 107 7 has have VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 107 8 been be VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 107 9 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 107 10 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 107 11 multiple multiple JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 107 12 studies study NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 107 13 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 107 14 especially especially RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 107 15 associated associate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 107 16 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 107 17 prolonged prolong VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 107 18 use use NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 107 19 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 108 1 High high JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 108 2 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 108 3 level level NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 108 4 resistance resistance NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 108 5 has have VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 108 6 been be VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 108 7 associated associate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 108 8 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 108 9 decolonization decolonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 108 10 failure failure NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 108 11 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 108 12 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 108 13 low low JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 108 14 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 108 15 level level NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 108 16 resistance resistance NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 108 17 may may MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 108 18 be be VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 108 19 associated associate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 108 20 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 108 21 early early JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 108 22 recolonization recolonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 108 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 108 24 71 71 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 108 25 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 108 26 72 72 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 108 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 108 28 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 109 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 109 2 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 109 3 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 109 4 long long JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 109 5 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 109 6 term term NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 109 7 use use NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 109 8 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 109 9 mupirocin mupirocin NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 109 10 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 109 11 questioned question VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 109 12 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 109 13 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 109 14 alternatives alternative NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 109 15 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 109 16 mupirocin mupirocin NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 109 17 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 109 18 decolonization decolonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 109 19 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 109 20 those those DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 109 21 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 109 22 mupirocin mupirocin NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 109 23 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 109 24 resistant resistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 109 25 strains strain NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 109 26 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 109 27 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 109 28 are be VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 109 29 needed need VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 109 30 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 110 1 However however RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 110 2 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 110 3 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 110 4 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 110 5 long long JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 110 6 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 110 7 term term NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 110 8 study study NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 110 9 examining examine VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 110 10 use use NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 110 11 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 110 12 mupirocin mupirocin NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 110 13 prophylaxis prophylaxis NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 110 14 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 110 15 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 110 16 NICU NICU NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 110 17 over over IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 110 18 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 110 19 7-year 7-year CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 110 20 period period NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 110 21 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 110 22 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 110 23 rate rate NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 110 24 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 110 25 S. S. NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 110 26 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 110 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 110 28 MSSA MSSA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 110 29 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 110 30 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 110 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 110 32 infections infection NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 110 33 decreased decrease VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 110 34 from from IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 110 35 1.88 1.88 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 110 36 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 110 37 0.33 0.33 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 110 38 per per IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 110 39 1000 1000 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 110 40 patient patient JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 110 41 days day NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 110 42 without without IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 110 43 any any DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 110 44 mupirocin mupirocin NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 110 45 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 110 46 resistant resistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 110 47 isolates isolate NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 110 48 identified identify VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 110 49 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 110 50 92 92 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 110 51 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 110 52 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 111 1 This this DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 111 2 finding finding NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 111 3 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 111 4 consistent consistent JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 111 5 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 111 6 previous previous JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 111 7 reports report NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 111 8 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 111 9 low low JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 111 10 prevalence prevalence NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 111 11 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 111 12 resistance resistance NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 111 13 among among IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 111 14 S. S. NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 111 15 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 111 16 isolates isolate VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 111 17 from from IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 111 18 mupirocin mupirocin NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 111 19 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 111 20 treated treat VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 111 21 neonates neonate NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 111 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 111 23 93 93 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 111 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 111 25 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 1 The the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 2 use use NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 3 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 4 decolonization decolonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 5 may may MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 6 be be VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 7 most most RBS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 8 effective effective JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 9 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 10 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 11 at at IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 12 risk risk NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 13 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 14 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 15 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 16 short short JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 17 periods period NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 18 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 19 time time NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 20 such such JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 21 as as IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 22 surgical surgical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 23 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 24 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 25 whose whose WP$ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 26 risk risk NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 27 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 28 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 29 may may MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 30 be be VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 31 less less JJR cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 32 once once IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 33 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 34 surgical surgical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 35 site site NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 36 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 37 closed close VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 38 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 39 as as RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 40 well well RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 41 as as IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 42 ICU ICU NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 43 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 44 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 45 whose whose WP$ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 46 risk risk NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 47 may may MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 48 lower lower VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 49 once once IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 50 they -PRON- PRP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 51 are be VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 52 discharged discharge VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 53 from from IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 54 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 55 ICU ICU NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 56 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 57 94 94 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 58 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 59 95 95 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 60 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 112 61 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 113 1 This this DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 113 2 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 113 3 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 113 4 import import NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 113 5 given give VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 113 6 that that IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 113 7 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 113 8 are be VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 113 9 recolonized recolonize VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 113 10 within within IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 113 11 weeks week NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 113 12 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 113 13 months month NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 113 14 following follow VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 113 15 decolonization decolonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 113 16 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 113 17 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 113 18 thus thus RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 113 19 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 113 20 effect effect NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 113 21 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 113 22 often often RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 113 23 shortlived shortlived JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 113 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 113 25 95 95 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 113 26 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 113 27 96 96 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 113 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 113 29 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 114 1 Mupirocin Mupirocin NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 114 2 decolonization decolonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 114 3 has have VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 114 4 been be VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 114 5 used use VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 114 6 specifically specifically RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 114 7 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 114 8 reduce reduce VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 114 9 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 114 10 risk risk NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 114 11 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 114 12 surgical surgical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 114 13 site site NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 114 14 infections infection NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 114 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 114 16 SSIs SSIs NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 114 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 114 18 associated associate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 114 19 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 114 20 gram gram NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 114 21 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 114 22 positive positive JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 114 23 organisms organism NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 114 24 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 115 1 In in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 115 2 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 115 3 metaanalysis metaanalysis NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 115 4 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 115 5 17 17 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 115 6 RCTs rct NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 115 7 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 115 8 quasi quasi JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 115 9 - - JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 115 10 experimental experimental JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 115 11 studies study NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 115 12 including include VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 115 13 adult adult NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 115 14 cardiac cardiac NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 115 15 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 115 16 orthopedic orthopedic JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 115 17 surgery surgery NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 115 18 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 115 19 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 115 20 mupirocin mupirocin VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 115 21 decolonization decolonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 115 22 was be VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 115 23 found find VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 115 24 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 115 25 be be VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 115 26 significantly significantly RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 115 27 protective protective JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 115 28 against against IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 115 29 gram gram NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 115 30 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 115 31 positive positive JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 115 32 SSIs ssi NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 115 33 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 115 34 specifically specifically RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 115 35 S. S. NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 115 36 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 115 37 SSIs SSIs NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 115 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 115 39 46 46 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 115 40 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 115 41 81 81 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 115 42 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 115 43 97 97 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 115 44 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 115 45 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 116 1 Preoperative Preoperative NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 116 2 S. S. NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 116 3 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 116 4 decolonization decolonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 116 5 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 116 6 not not RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 116 7 routinely routinely RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 116 8 recommended recommend VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 116 9 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 116 10 most most JJS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 116 11 pediatric pediatric JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 116 12 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 116 13 undergoing undergo VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 116 14 surgery surgery NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 116 15 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 116 16 however however RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 116 17 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 116 18 impact impact NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 116 19 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 116 20 preoperative preoperative JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 116 21 colonization colonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 116 22 on on IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 116 23 risk risk NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 116 24 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 116 25 SSI SSI NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 116 26 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 116 27 children child NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 116 28 has have VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 116 29 been be VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 116 30 examined examine VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 116 31 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 116 32 many many JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 116 33 small small JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 116 34 studies study NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 116 35 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 117 1 Risk risk NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 117 2 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 117 3 SSI SSI NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 117 4 was be VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 117 5 not not RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 117 6 elevated elevate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 117 7 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 117 8 S. S. NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 117 9 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 117 10 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 117 11 colonized colonize VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 117 12 children child NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 117 13 undergoing undergo VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 117 14 cardiac cardiac JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 117 15 surgery surgery NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 117 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 117 17 98 98 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 117 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 117 19 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 118 1 Studies study NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 118 2 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 118 3 adult adult NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 118 4 cardiac cardiac JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 118 5 surgery surgery NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 118 6 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 118 7 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 118 8 however however RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 118 9 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 118 10 suggest suggest VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 118 11 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 118 12 benefit benefit NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 118 13 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 118 14 mupirocinbased mupirocinbase VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 118 15 decolonization decolonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 118 16 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 118 17 prevention prevention NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 118 18 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 118 19 SSI SSI NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 118 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 118 21 99 99 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 118 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 118 23 ; ; : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 118 24 this this DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 118 25 topic topic NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 118 26 as as IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 118 27 it -PRON- PRP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 118 28 pertains pertain VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 118 29 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 118 30 cardiac cardiac JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 118 31 surgery surgery NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 118 32 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 118 33 discussed discuss VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 118 34 further further RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 118 35 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 118 36 Chap Chap NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 118 37 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 119 1 11 11 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 119 2 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 120 1 Chlorhexidine Chlorhexidine NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 120 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 120 3 CHG CHG NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 120 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 120 5 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 120 6 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 120 7 widely widely RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 120 8 used use VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 120 9 broad broad JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 120 10 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 120 11 spectrum spectrum NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 120 12 topical topical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 120 13 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 120 14 agent agent NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 120 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 120 16 100 100 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 120 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 120 18 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 1 The the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 2 Centers Centers NNPS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 3 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 4 Disease Disease NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 5 Control Control NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 6 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 7 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 8 recommend recommend VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 9 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 10 use use NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 11 as as IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 12 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 13 skin skin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 14 cleanser cleanser NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 15 prior prior RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 16 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 17 insertion insertion NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 18 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 19 central central JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 20 venous venous JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 21 catheters catheter NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 23 CVC CVC NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 25 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 26 both both DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 27 children child NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 28 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 29 adults adult NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 30 but but CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 31 do do VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 32 not not RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 33 recommend recommend VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 34 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 35 use use NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 36 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 37 infants infant NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 38 less less JJR cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 39 than than IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 40 2 2 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 41 months month NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 42 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 43 age age NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 44 due due JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 45 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 46 lack lack NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 47 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 48 safety safety NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 49 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 50 efficacy efficacy NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 51 data datum NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 52 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 53 this this DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 54 population population NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 55 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 56 101 101 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 57 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 121 58 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 122 1 In in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 122 2 spite spite NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 122 3 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 122 4 these these DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 122 5 cautions caution NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 122 6 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 122 7 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 122 8 national national JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 122 9 survey survey NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 122 10 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 122 11 neonatology neonatology NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 122 12 training training NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 122 13 program program NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 122 14 directors director NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 122 15 indicates indicate VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 122 16 that that IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 122 17 most most JJS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 122 18 NICUs nicu NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 122 19 use use VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 122 20 chlorhexidine chlorhexidine NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 122 21 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 122 22 CVC CVC NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 122 23 site site NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 122 24 prep prep NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 122 25 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 122 26 maintenance maintenance NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 122 27 but but CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 122 28 restrict restrict VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 122 29 use use NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 122 30 based base VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 122 31 on on IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 122 32 gestational gestational JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 122 33 age age NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 122 34 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 122 35 chronological chronological JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 122 36 age age NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 122 37 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 122 38 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 122 39 birth birth NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 122 40 weight weight NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 122 41 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 122 42 102 102 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 122 43 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 122 44 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 1 Risks risk NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 2 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 3 premature premature JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 4 infants infant NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 5 relate relate VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 6 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 7 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 8 increased increase VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 9 potential potential NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 10 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 11 chemical chemical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 12 burns burn NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 13 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 14 contact contact NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 15 dermatitis dermatitis NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 16 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 17 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 18 setting setting NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 19 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 20 underdeveloped underdeveloped JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 21 skin skin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 23 100 100 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 25 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 26 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 27 possibility possibility NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 28 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 29 systemic systemic JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 30 absorption absorption NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 31 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 32 CHG chg NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 33 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 34 although although IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 35 no no DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 36 adverse adverse JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 37 events event NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 38 have have VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 39 been be VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 40 reported report VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 41 despite despite IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 42 demonstrable demonstrable JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 43 blood blood NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 44 CHG chg NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 45 levels level NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 46 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 47 100 100 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 48 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 49 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 50 103 103 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 51 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 52 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 53 104 104 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 54 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 55 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 56 105 105 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 57 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 123 58 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 124 1 Chlorhexidine chlorhexidine NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 124 2 bathing bathing NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 124 3 has have VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 124 4 been be VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 124 5 suggested suggest VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 124 6 as as IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 124 7 another another DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 124 8 adjunct adjunct NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 124 9 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 124 10 decrease decrease VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 124 11 colonization colonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 124 12 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 124 13 has have VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 124 14 been be VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 124 15 studied study VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 124 16 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 124 17 adults adult NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 124 18 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 124 19 children child NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 124 20 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 124 21 including include VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 124 22 neonates neonate NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 124 23 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 125 1 An an DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 125 2 adult adult NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 125 3 randomized randomize VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 125 4 controlled control VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 125 5 trial trial NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 125 6 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 125 7 that that IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 125 8 daily daily JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 125 9 chlorhexidine chlorhexidine NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 125 10 bathing bathing NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 125 11 did do VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 125 12 not not RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 125 13 reduce reduce VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 125 14 HAI HAI NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 125 15 including include VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 125 16 central central JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 125 17 line line NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 125 18 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 125 19 associated associate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 125 20 bloodstream bloodstream NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 125 21 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 125 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 125 23 CLABSI CLABSI NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 125 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 125 25 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 125 26 catheter catheter NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 125 27 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 125 28 associated associate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 125 29 urinary urinary JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 125 30 tract tract NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 125 31 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 125 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 125 33 CAUTI CAUTI NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 125 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 125 35 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 125 36 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 125 37 ventilator ventilator NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 125 38 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 125 39 associated associate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 125 40 pneumonia pneumonia NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 125 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 125 42 VAP VAP NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 125 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 125 44 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 125 45 106 106 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 125 46 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 125 47 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 126 1 A a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 126 2 number number NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 126 3 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 126 4 other other JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 126 5 studies study NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 126 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 126 7 including include VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 126 8 clinical clinical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 126 9 trials trial NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 126 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 126 11 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 126 12 adults adult NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 126 13 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 126 14 however however RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 126 15 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 126 16 have have VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 126 17 shown show VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 126 18 positive positive JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 126 19 benefits benefit NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 126 20 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 126 21 chlorhexidine chlorhexidine NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 126 22 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 126 23 containing contain VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 126 24 products product NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 126 25 when when WRB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 126 26 used use VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 126 27 as as IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 126 28 part part NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 126 29 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 126 30 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 126 31 bundle bundle NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 126 32 approach approach NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 126 33 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 126 34 HAI HAI NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 126 35 prevention prevention NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 126 36 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 126 37 107 107 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 126 38 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 126 39 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 126 40 108 108 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 126 41 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 126 42 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 126 43 109 109 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 126 44 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 126 45 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 127 1 In in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 127 2 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 127 3 Pediatric Pediatric NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 127 4 SCRUB SCRUB NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 127 5 Trial Trial NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 127 6 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 127 7 daily daily JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 127 8 chlorhexidine chlorhexidine NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 127 9 bathing bathing NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 127 10 was be VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 127 11 compared compare VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 127 12 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 127 13 standard standard JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 127 14 bathing bathing NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 127 15 practices practice NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 127 16 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 127 17 evaluate evaluate VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 127 18 effect effect NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 127 19 on on IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 127 20 incidence incidence NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 127 21 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 127 22 bacteremia bacteremia NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 127 23 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 127 24 critically critically RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 127 25 ill ill JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 127 26 children child NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 127 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 127 28 110 110 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 127 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 127 30 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 128 1 There there EX cord-016426-aw3wirmb 128 2 was be VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 128 3 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 128 4 non non NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 128 5 - - JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 128 6 statistically statistically RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 128 7 significant significant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 128 8 reduction reduction NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 128 9 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 128 10 bacteremia bacteremia NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 128 11 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 128 12 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 128 13 CHG CHG NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 128 14 group group NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 128 15 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 128 16 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 128 17 intention intention NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 128 18 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 128 19 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 128 20 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 128 21 treat treat VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 128 22 analysis analysis NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 128 23 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 128 24 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 128 25 36 36 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 128 26 % % NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 128 27 decrease decrease NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 128 28 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 128 29 bacteremia bacteremia NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 128 30 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 128 31 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 128 32 per per IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 128 33 protocol protocol NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 128 34 arm arm NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 128 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 128 36 110 110 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 128 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 128 38 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 129 1 The the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 129 2 use use NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 129 3 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 129 4 universal universal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 129 5 decolonization decolonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 129 6 raises raise VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 129 7 concerns concern NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 129 8 about about IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 129 9 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 129 10 possibility possibility NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 129 11 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 129 12 chlorhexidine chlorhexidine NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 129 13 resistance resistance NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 129 14 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 1 A a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 2 study study NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 3 from from IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 4 Texas Texas NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 5 Children Children NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 6 's 's POS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 7 Hospital Hospital NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 8 found find VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 9 that that IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 10 nearly nearly RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 11 half half NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 12 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 13 nosocomial nosocomial JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 14 S. S. NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 15 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 16 carried carry VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 17 one one CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 18 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 19 both both DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 20 genes gene NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 21 associated associate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 22 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 23 chlorhexidine chlorhexidine NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 24 tolerance tolerance NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 26 qacA qaca XX cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 27 / / SYM cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 28 qacB qacb NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 29 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 30 smr smr NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 32 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 33 noting note VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 34 that that IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 35 smr smr NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 36 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 37 positive positive JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 38 isolates isolate NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 39 were be VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 40 more more RBR cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 41 often often RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 42 resistant resistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 43 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 44 methicillin methicillin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 45 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 46 ciprofloxacin ciprofloxacin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 47 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 48 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 49 clindamycin clindamycin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 50 as as RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 51 well well RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 52 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 53 111 111 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 54 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 130 55 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 131 1 Mupirocin Mupirocin NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 131 2 resistance resistance NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 131 3 was be VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 131 4 also also RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 131 5 noted note VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 131 6 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 131 7 2.8 2.8 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 131 8 % % NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 131 9 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 131 10 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 131 11 isolates isolate NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 131 12 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 131 13 this this DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 131 14 study study NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 131 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 131 16 111 111 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 131 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 131 18 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 132 1 Vertical vertical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 132 2 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 132 3 horizontal horizontal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 132 4 approaches approach NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 132 5 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 132 6 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 132 7 prevention prevention NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 132 8 have have VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 132 9 been be VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 132 10 compared compare VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 132 11 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 132 12 two two CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 132 13 studies study NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 132 14 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 132 15 Huang Huang NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 132 16 et et NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 132 17 al al NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 132 18 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 133 1 compared compare VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 133 2 three three CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 133 3 approaches approach NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 133 4 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 133 5 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 133 6 prevention prevention NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 133 7 among among IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 133 8 74 74 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 133 9 adult adult NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 133 10 ICU ICU NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 133 11 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 133 12 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 133 13 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 133 14 REDUCE reduce VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 133 15 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 133 16 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 133 17 study study NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 133 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 133 19 112 112 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 133 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 133 21 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 134 1 Vertical vertical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 134 2 approaches approach NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 134 3 consisted consist VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 134 4 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 134 5 AST AST NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 134 6 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 134 7 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 134 8 without without IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 134 9 targeted target VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 134 10 decolonization decolonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 134 11 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 134 12 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 134 13 carriers carrier NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 134 14 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 134 15 CHG chg NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 134 16 bathing bathing NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 134 17 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 134 18 intranasal intranasal NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 134 19 mupirocin mupirocin NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 134 20 compared compare VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 134 21 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 134 22 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 134 23 horizontal horizontal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 134 24 approach approach NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 134 25 involving involve VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 134 26 universal universal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 134 27 decolonization decolonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 134 28 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 134 29 all all DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 134 30 ICU ICU NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 134 31 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 134 32 regardless regardless RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 134 33 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 134 34 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 134 35 status status NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 134 36 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 135 1 Universal universal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 135 2 decolonization decolonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 135 3 was be VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 135 4 found find VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 135 5 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 135 6 be be VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 135 7 associated associate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 135 8 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 135 9 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 135 10 largest large JJS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 135 11 reduction reduction NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 135 12 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 135 13 all all DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 135 14 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 135 15 cause cause NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 135 16 BSI BSI NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 135 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 135 18 44 44 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 135 19 % % NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 135 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 135 21 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 135 22 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 135 23 clinical clinical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 135 24 culture culture NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 135 25 rates rate NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 135 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 135 27 37 37 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 135 28 % % NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 135 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 135 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 135 31 112 112 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 135 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 135 33 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 136 1 Another another DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 136 2 group group NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 136 3 showed show VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 136 4 that that IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 136 5 improved improve VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 136 6 hand hand NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 136 7 hygiene hygiene NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 136 8 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 136 9 addition addition NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 136 10 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 136 11 universal universal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 136 12 CHG chg NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 136 13 bathing bathing NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 136 14 reduced reduce VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 136 15 overall overall JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 136 16 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 136 17 rate rate NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 136 18 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 136 19 specific specific JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 136 20 rates rate NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 136 21 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 136 22 Candida Candida NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 136 23 CAUTI CAUTI NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 136 24 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 136 25 Acinetobacter Acinetobacter NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 136 26 VAP VAP NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 136 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 136 28 113 113 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 136 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 136 30 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 137 1 Additionally additionally RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 137 2 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 137 3 when when WRB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 137 4 there there EX cord-016426-aw3wirmb 137 5 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 137 6 high high JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 137 7 adherence adherence NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 137 8 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 137 9 CHG chg VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 137 10 bathing bathing NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 137 11 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 137 12 hand hand NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 137 13 hygiene hygiene NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 137 14 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 137 15 there there EX cord-016426-aw3wirmb 137 16 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 137 17 no no DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 137 18 additional additional JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 137 19 benefit benefit NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 137 20 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 137 21 AST ast NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 137 22 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 137 23 isolation isolation NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 137 24 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 137 25 reduce reduce VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 137 26 MDRO MDRO NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 137 27 acquisition acquisition NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 137 28 rates rate NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 137 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 137 30 114 114 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 137 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 137 32 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 138 1 Selective selective JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 138 2 digestive digestive JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 138 3 decontamination decontamination NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 138 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 138 5 SDD SDD NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 138 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 138 7 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 138 8 selective selective JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 138 9 oral oral JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 138 10 decontamination decontamination NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 138 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 138 12 SOD SOD NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 138 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 138 14 are be VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 138 15 additional additional JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 138 16 methods method NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 138 17 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 138 18 universal universal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 138 19 decolonization decolonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 138 20 employed employ VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 138 21 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 138 22 an an DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 138 23 effort effort NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 138 24 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 138 25 reduce reduce VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 138 26 colonization colonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 138 27 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 138 28 gram gram JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 138 29 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 138 30 negative negative JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 138 31 organisms organism NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 138 32 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 138 33 particularly particularly RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 138 34 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 138 35 critically critically RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 138 36 ill ill JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 138 37 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 138 38 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 139 1 Both both DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 139 2 methods method NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 139 3 use use VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 139 4 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 139 5 polymyxin polymyxin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 139 6 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 139 7 an an DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 139 8 aminoglycoside aminoglycoside NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 139 9 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 139 10 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 139 11 an an DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 139 12 antifungal antifungal NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 139 13 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 139 14 applied apply VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 139 15 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 139 16 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 139 17 oropharynx oropharynx NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 139 18 as as IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 139 19 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 139 20 paste paste NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 139 21 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 139 22 gel gel NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 139 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 139 24 SOD SOD NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 139 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 139 26 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 139 27 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 139 28 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 139 29 liquid liquid JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 139 30 form form NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 139 31 administered administer VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 139 32 per per IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 139 33 nasogastric nasogastric NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 139 34 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 139 35 orogastric orogastric JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 139 36 tube tube NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 139 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 139 38 SDD SDD NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 139 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 139 40 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 139 41 paired pair VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 139 42 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 139 43 systemic systemic JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 139 44 antimicrobials antimicrobial NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 139 45 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 139 46 usually usually RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 139 47 an an DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 139 48 intravenous intravenous JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 139 49 third third JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 139 50 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 139 51 generation generation NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 139 52 cephalosporin cephalosporin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 139 53 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 140 1 These these DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 140 2 two two CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 140 3 strategies strategy NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 140 4 have have VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 140 5 been be VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 140 6 studied study VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 140 7 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 140 8 more more JJR cord-016426-aw3wirmb 140 9 than than IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 140 10 50 50 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 140 11 RCTs rct NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 140 12 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 140 13 have have VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 140 14 been be VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 140 15 examined examine VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 140 16 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 140 17 12 12 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 140 18 metaanalyses metaanalyse NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 140 19 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 140 20 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 140 21 efficacy efficacy NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 140 22 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 140 23 reduction reduction NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 140 24 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 140 25 colonization colonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 140 26 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 140 27 morbidity morbidity NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 140 28 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 140 29 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 140 30 mortality mortality NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 140 31 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 140 32 adult adult NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 140 33 ICU ICU NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 140 34 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 140 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 140 36 115 115 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 140 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 140 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 140 39 116 116 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 140 40 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 140 41 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 140 42 117 117 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 140 43 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 140 44 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 141 1 Widespread widespread JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 141 2 acceptance acceptance NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 141 3 has have VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 141 4 been be VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 141 5 limited limit VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 141 6 by by IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 141 7 concern concern NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 141 8 over over IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 141 9 selecting select VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 141 10 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 141 11 resistant resistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 141 12 organisms organism NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 141 13 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 141 14 universal universal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 141 15 applications application NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 141 16 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 141 17 although although IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 141 18 long long JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 141 19 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 141 20 term term NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 141 21 follow follow NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 141 22 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 141 23 up up NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 141 24 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 141 25 units unit NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 141 26 employing employ VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 141 27 these these DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 141 28 strategies strategy NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 141 29 have have VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 141 30 not not RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 141 31 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 141 32 an an DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 141 33 increase increase NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 141 34 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 141 35 resistant resistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 141 36 organisms organism NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 141 37 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 141 38 118 118 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 141 39 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 141 40 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 142 1 Microbiome Microbiome NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 142 2 studies study NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 142 3 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 142 4 adults adult NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 142 5 undergoing undergo VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 142 6 SDD SDD NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 142 7 compared compare VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 142 8 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 142 9 healthy healthy JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 142 10 adults adult NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 142 11 revealed reveal VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 142 12 dramatic dramatic JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 142 13 shifts shift NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 142 14 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 142 15 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 142 16 gastrointestinal gastrointestinal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 142 17 microbiome microbiome NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 142 18 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 142 19 SDD SDD NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 142 20 recipients recipient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 142 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 142 22 as as IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 142 23 would would MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 142 24 be be VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 142 25 expected expect VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 142 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 142 27 as as RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 142 28 well well RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 142 29 as as IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 142 30 an an DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 142 31 increase increase NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 142 32 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 142 33 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 142 34 relative relative JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 142 35 abundance abundance NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 142 36 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 142 37 organisms organism NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 142 38 expressing express VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 142 39 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 142 40 resistance resistance NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 142 41 genes gene NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 142 42 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 142 43 119 119 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 142 44 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 142 45 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 143 1 The the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 143 2 pediatric pediatric JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 143 3 experience experience NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 143 4 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 143 5 these these DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 143 6 strategies strategy NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 143 7 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 143 8 limited limited JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 143 9 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 144 1 In in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 144 2 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 144 3 single single JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 144 4 meta meta JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 144 5 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 144 6 analysis analysis NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 144 7 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 144 8 4 4 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 144 9 RCTs RCTs NNPS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 144 10 including include VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 144 11 335 335 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 144 12 children child NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 144 13 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 144 14 ventilator ventilator NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 144 15 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 144 16 associated associate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 144 17 pneumonia pneumonia NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 144 18 rates rate NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 144 19 were be VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 144 20 69 69 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 144 21 % % NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 144 22 lower low JJR cord-016426-aw3wirmb 144 23 in in RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 144 24 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 144 25 those those DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 144 26 children child NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 144 27 receiving receive VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 144 28 SDD SDD NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 144 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 144 30 120 120 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 144 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 144 32 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 145 1 The the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 145 2 use use NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 145 3 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 145 4 neonatal neonatal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 145 5 populations population NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 145 6 has have VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 145 7 not not RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 145 8 been be VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 145 9 studied study VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 145 10 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 146 1 The the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 146 2 evidence evidence NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 146 3 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 146 4 perioperative perioperative JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 146 5 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 146 6 prophylaxis prophylaxis NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 146 7 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 146 8 well well RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 146 9 established establish VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 146 10 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 146 11 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 146 12 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 146 13 use use NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 146 14 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 146 15 antimicrobials antimicrobial NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 146 16 prior prior RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 146 17 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 146 18 incision incision NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 146 19 reduces reduce VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 146 20 rates rate NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 146 21 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 146 22 SSI SSI NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 146 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 146 24 121 121 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 146 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 146 26 by by IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 146 27 reducing reduce VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 146 28 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 146 29 concentration concentration NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 146 30 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 146 31 potential potential JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 146 32 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 146 33 within within IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 146 34 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 146 35 near near IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 146 36 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 146 37 surgical surgical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 146 38 incision incision NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 146 39 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 1 The the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 2 basic basic JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 3 tenets tenet NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 4 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 5 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 6 use use NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 7 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 8 prevent prevent VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 9 SSI SSI NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 10 include include VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 11 use use NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 12 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 13 prophylaxis prophylaxis NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 14 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 15 all all DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 16 elective elective JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 17 operations operation NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 18 requiring require VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 19 entry entry NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 20 into into IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 21 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 22 hollow hollow JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 23 viscus viscus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 24 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 25 involving involve VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 26 insertion insertion NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 27 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 28 intravascular intravascular JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 29 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 30 orthopedic orthopedic JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 31 prosthetic prosthetic JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 32 devices device NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 33 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 34 implants implant NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 35 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 36 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 37 operations operation NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 38 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 39 which which WDT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 40 occurrence occurrence NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 41 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 42 SSI SSI NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 43 would would MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 44 pose pose VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 45 catastrophic catastrophic JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 46 risk risk NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 47 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 48 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 49 patient patient NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 50 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 51 e.g. e.g. RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 52 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 53 sternotomy sternotomy NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 54 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 147 55 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 148 1 The the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 148 2 choice choice NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 148 3 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 148 4 antimicrobial antimicrobial NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 148 5 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 148 6 based base VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 148 7 upon upon IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 148 8 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 148 9 need need NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 148 10 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 148 11 bactericidal bactericidal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 148 12 activity activity NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 148 13 against against IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 148 14 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 148 15 expected expect VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 148 16 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 148 17 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 148 18 specific specific JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 148 19 surgical surgical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 148 20 procedures procedure NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 148 21 as as RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 148 22 well well RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 148 23 as as IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 148 24 agents agent NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 148 25 which which WDT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 148 26 are be VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 148 27 known know VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 148 28 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 148 29 be be VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 148 30 safe safe JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 148 31 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 148 32 cost cost NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 148 33 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 148 34 effective effective JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 148 35 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 149 1 The the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 149 2 goal goal NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 149 3 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 149 4 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 149 5 provide provide VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 149 6 bactericidal bactericidal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 149 7 concentrations concentration NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 149 8 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 149 9 tissues tissue NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 149 10 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 149 11 serum serum NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 149 12 at at IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 149 13 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 149 14 time time NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 149 15 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 149 16 incision incision NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 149 17 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 149 18 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 149 19 be be VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 149 20 continued continue VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 149 21 throughout throughout IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 149 22 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 149 23 entire entire JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 149 24 operation operation NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 149 25 until until IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 149 26 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 149 27 wound wound NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 149 28 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 149 29 closed close VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 149 30 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 150 1 Re Re VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 150 2 - - NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 150 3 dosing dosing NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 150 4 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 150 5 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 150 6 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 150 7 agent agent NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 150 8 may may MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 150 9 be be VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 150 10 required require VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 150 11 should should MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 150 12 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 150 13 procedure procedure NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 150 14 last last JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 150 15 several several JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 150 16 hours hour NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 150 17 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 150 18 if if IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 150 19 there there EX cord-016426-aw3wirmb 150 20 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 150 21 significant significant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 150 22 blood blood NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 150 23 loss loss NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 150 24 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 151 1 An an DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 151 2 important important JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 151 3 risk risk NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 151 4 factor factor NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 151 5 contributing contribute VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 151 6 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 151 7 SSI SSI NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 151 8 risk risk NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 151 9 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 151 10 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 151 11 number number NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 151 12 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 151 13 organisms organism NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 151 14 which which WDT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 151 15 gain gain VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 151 16 entry entry NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 151 17 into into IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 151 18 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 151 19 wound wound NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 151 20 intraoperatively intraoperatively RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 151 21 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 152 1 The the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 152 2 greater great JJR cord-016426-aw3wirmb 152 3 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 152 4 burden burden NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 152 5 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 152 6 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 152 7 greater great JJR cord-016426-aw3wirmb 152 8 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 152 9 risk risk NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 152 10 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 152 11 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 152 12 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 153 1 When when WRB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 153 2 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 153 3 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 153 4 prophylaxis prophylaxis NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 153 5 has have VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 153 6 been be VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 153 7 administered administer VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 153 8 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 153 9 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 153 10 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 153 11 burden burden NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 153 12 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 153 13 10 10 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 153 14 5 5 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 153 15 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 153 16 required require VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 153 17 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 153 18 cause cause VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 153 19 SSI SSI NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 153 20 ; ; : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 153 21 however however RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 153 22 if if IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 153 23 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 153 24 foreign foreign JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 153 25 body body NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 153 26 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 153 27 present present JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 153 28 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 153 29 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 153 30 threshold threshold NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 153 31 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 153 32 cause cause VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 153 33 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 153 34 may may MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 153 35 be be VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 153 36 significantly significantly RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 153 37 reduced reduce VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 153 38 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 154 1 Virulence virulence NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 154 2 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 154 3 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 154 4 organism organism NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 154 5 also also RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 154 6 contributes contribute VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 154 7 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 154 8 SSI SSI NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 154 9 risk risk NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 154 10 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 155 1 Pre pre JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 155 2 - - JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 155 3 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 155 4 perioperative perioperative JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 155 5 antiseptics antiseptic NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 155 6 are be VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 155 7 utilized utilize VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 155 8 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 155 9 order order NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 155 10 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 155 11 decrease decrease VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 155 12 organism organism NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 155 13 burden burden NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 155 14 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 155 15 thereby thereby RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 155 16 reduce reduce VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 155 17 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 155 18 risk risk NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 155 19 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 155 20 SSI SSI NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 155 21 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 156 1 Preoperative Preoperative NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 156 2 bathing bathe VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 156 3 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 156 4 agents agent NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 156 5 such such JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 156 6 as as IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 156 7 chlorhexidine chlorhexidine NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 156 8 has have VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 156 9 been be VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 156 10 shown show VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 156 11 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 156 12 decrease decrease VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 156 13 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 156 14 amount amount NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 156 15 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 156 16 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 156 17 flora flora NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 156 18 on on IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 156 19 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 156 20 skin skin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 156 21 but but CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 156 22 has have VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 156 23 not not RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 156 24 been be VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 156 25 shown show VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 156 26 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 156 27 reduce reduce VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 156 28 rates rate NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 156 29 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 156 30 SSI SSI NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 156 31 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 156 32 pooled pool VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 156 33 analyses analysis NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 156 34 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 156 35 adult adult NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 156 36 surgical surgical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 156 37 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 156 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 156 39 122 122 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 156 40 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 156 41 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 157 1 In in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 157 2 certain certain JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 157 3 very very RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 157 4 high high JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 157 5 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 157 6 risk risk NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 157 7 populations population NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 157 8 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 157 9 however however RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 157 10 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 157 11 such such JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 157 12 as as IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 157 13 cardiac cardiac JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 157 14 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 157 15 orthopedic orthopedic JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 157 16 surgery surgery NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 157 17 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 157 18 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 157 19 preoperative preoperative JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 157 20 chlorhexidine chlorhexidine NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 157 21 bathing bathing NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 157 22 has have VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 157 23 been be VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 157 24 associated associate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 157 25 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 157 26 reduced reduced JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 157 27 rates rate NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 157 28 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 157 29 SSI SSI NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 157 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 157 31 especially especially RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 157 32 those those DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 157 33 due due JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 157 34 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 157 35 S. S. NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 157 36 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 157 37 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 157 38 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 157 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 158 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 158 2 123 123 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 158 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 158 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 158 5 124 124 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 158 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 159 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 159 2 125 125 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 159 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 159 4 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 160 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 160 2 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 160 3 likely likely JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 160 4 that that IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 160 5 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 160 6 benefits benefit NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 160 7 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 160 8 chlorhexidine chlorhexidine NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 160 9 bathing bathing NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 160 10 are be VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 160 11 influenced influence VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 160 12 by by IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 160 13 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 160 14 type type NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 160 15 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 160 16 surgical surgical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 160 17 procedure procedure NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 160 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 160 19 i.e. i.e. FW cord-016426-aw3wirmb 160 20 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 160 21 high high JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 160 22 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 160 23 risk risk NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 160 24 vs. vs. IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 160 25 low low JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 160 26 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 160 27 risk risk NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 160 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 160 29 as as RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 160 30 well well RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 160 31 as as IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 160 32 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 160 33 baseline baseline JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 160 34 rate rate NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 160 35 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 160 36 SSI SSI NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 160 37 at at IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 160 38 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 160 39 given give VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 160 40 institution institution NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 160 41 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 161 1 In in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 161 2 spite spite NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 161 3 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 161 4 these these DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 161 5 controversies controversy NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 161 6 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 161 7 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 161 8 use use NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 161 9 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 161 10 chlorhexidine chlorhexidine NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 161 11 body body NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 161 12 wash wash VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 161 13 prior prior RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 161 14 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 161 15 surgery surgery NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 161 16 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 161 17 routine routine JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 161 18 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 162 1 There there EX cord-016426-aw3wirmb 162 2 are be VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 162 3 several several JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 162 4 options option NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 162 5 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 162 6 preoperative preoperative JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 162 7 skin skin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 162 8 antisepsis antisepsis NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 162 9 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 162 10 either either CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 162 11 chlorhexidine chlorhexidine NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 162 12 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 162 13 alcohol alcohol NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 162 14 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 162 15 povidone povidone NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 162 16 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 162 17 iodine iodine NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 162 18 as as IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 162 19 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 162 20 active active JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 162 21 agent agent NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 162 22 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 163 1 The the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 163 2 authors author NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 163 3 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 163 4 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 163 5 Cochrane Cochrane NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 163 6 Review Review NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 163 7 conclude conclude VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 163 8 that that IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 163 9 other other JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 163 10 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 163 11 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 163 12 skin skin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 163 13 prep prep NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 163 14 agents agent NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 163 15 such such JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 163 16 as as IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 163 17 potential potential JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 163 18 side side NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 163 19 effects effect NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 163 20 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 163 21 cost cost NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 163 22 should should MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 163 23 be be VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 163 24 taken take VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 163 25 into into IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 163 26 consideration consideration NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 163 27 as as RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 163 28 well well RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 163 29 until until IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 163 30 there there EX cord-016426-aw3wirmb 163 31 are be VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 163 32 definitive definitive JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 163 33 data datum NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 163 34 showing show VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 163 35 clinical clinical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 163 36 superiority superiority NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 163 37 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 163 38 one one CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 163 39 agent agent NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 163 40 over over IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 163 41 another another DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 163 42 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 163 43 126 126 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 163 44 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 163 45 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 164 1 New New NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 164 2 CDC CDC NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 164 3 Guidelines Guidelines NNPS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 164 4 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 164 5 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 164 6 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 164 7 SSI SSI NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 164 8 recommend recommend VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 164 9 an an DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 164 10 alcohol alcohol NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 164 11 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 164 12 based base VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 164 13 skin skin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 164 14 antiseptic antiseptic JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 164 15 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 164 16 such such JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 164 17 as as IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 164 18 either either DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 164 19 chlorhexidine chlorhexidine NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 164 20 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 164 21 alcohol alcohol NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 164 22 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 164 23 iodophor iodophor NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 164 24 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 164 25 alcohol alcohol NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 164 26 products product NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 164 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 164 28 127 127 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 164 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 164 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 164 31 128 128 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 164 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 164 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 164 34 129 129 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 164 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 164 36 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 165 1 Surgical surgical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 165 2 site site NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 165 3 infections infection NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 165 4 generally generally RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 165 5 arise arise VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 165 6 from from IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 165 7 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 165 8 sources source NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 165 9 such such JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 165 10 as as IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 165 11 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 165 12 present present JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 165 13 on on IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 165 14 skin skin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 165 15 surfaces surface NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 165 16 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 165 17 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 165 18 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 165 19 viscus viscus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 165 20 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 165 21 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 165 22 greatest great JJS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 165 23 risk risk NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 165 24 occurring occur VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 165 25 while while IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 165 26 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 165 27 wound wound NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 165 28 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 165 29 open open JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 165 30 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 166 1 In in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 166 2 addition addition NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 166 3 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 166 4 skin skin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 166 5 surface surface NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 166 6 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 166 7 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 166 8 may may MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 166 9 be be VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 166 10 found find VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 166 11 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 166 12 skin skin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 166 13 appendages appendage NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 166 14 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 166 15 including include VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 166 16 sebaceous sebaceous JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 166 17 glands gland NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 166 18 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 166 19 hair hair NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 166 20 follicles follicle NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 166 21 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 166 22 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 166 23 sweat sweat NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 166 24 glands gland NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 166 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 166 26 130 130 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 166 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 166 28 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 167 1 When when WRB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 167 2 infections infection NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 167 3 related relate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 167 4 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 167 5 exogenous exogenous JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 167 6 sources source NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 167 7 occur occur VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 167 8 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 167 9 they -PRON- PRP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 167 10 may may MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 167 11 be be VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 167 12 sporadic sporadic JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 167 13 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 167 14 related relate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 167 15 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 167 16 an an DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 167 17 outbreak outbreak NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 167 18 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 168 1 Exogenous exogenous JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 168 2 sources source NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 168 3 include include VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 168 4 contamination contamination NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 168 5 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 168 6 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 168 7 operating operating NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 168 8 room room NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 168 9 environment environment NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 168 10 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 168 11 surgical surgical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 168 12 instruments instrument NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 168 13 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 168 14 equipment equipment NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 168 15 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 168 16 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 168 17 colonized colonize VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 168 18 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 168 19 infected infected JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 168 20 personnel personnel NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 168 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 168 22 131 131 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 168 23 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 168 24 132 132 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 168 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 168 26 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 169 1 Common common JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 169 2 nosocomial nosocomial JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 169 3 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 169 4 can can MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 169 5 persist persist VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 169 6 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 169 7 months month NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 169 8 on on IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 169 9 surfaces surface NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 169 10 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 169 11 contributing contribute VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 169 12 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 169 13 transmission transmission NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 169 14 risk risk NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 169 15 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 169 16 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 169 17 absence absence NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 169 18 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 169 19 regular regular JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 169 20 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 169 21 thorough thorough JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 169 22 cleaning cleaning NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 169 23 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 169 24 disinfection disinfection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 169 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 169 26 133 133 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 169 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 169 28 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 170 1 These these DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 170 2 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 170 3 importantly importantly RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 170 4 include include VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 170 5 gram gram NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 170 6 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 170 7 positive positive JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 170 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 170 9 Enterococcus Enterococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 170 10 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 170 11 including include VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 170 12 VRE VRE NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 170 13 ; ; : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 170 14 S. S. NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 170 15 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 170 16 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 170 17 including include VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 170 18 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 170 19 ; ; : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 170 20 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 170 21 Streptococcus streptococcus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 170 22 pyogenes pyogene NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 170 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 170 24 as as RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 170 25 well well RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 170 26 as as IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 170 27 gramnegative gramnegative NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 170 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 170 29 Acinetobacter Acinetobacter NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 170 30 spp spp NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 170 31 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 171 1 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 171 2 E. E. NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 171 3 coli coli NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 171 4 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 171 5 Klebsiella Klebsiella NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 171 6 spp spp NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 171 7 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 172 1 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 172 2 p. p. NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 172 3 aeruginosa aeruginosa NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 172 4 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 172 5 Serratia Serratia NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 172 6 marcescens marcescen NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 172 7 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 172 8 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 172 9 Shigella Shigella NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 172 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 172 11 organisms organism NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 172 12 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 173 1 Spore spore NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 173 2 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 173 3 forming form VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 173 4 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 173 5 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 173 6 such such JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 173 7 as as IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 173 8 Clostridium clostridium NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 173 9 difficile difficile NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 173 10 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 173 11 can can MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 173 12 survive survive VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 173 13 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 173 14 months month NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 173 15 as as IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 173 16 can can MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 173 17 fungi fungus NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 173 18 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 173 19 yeast yeast NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 173 20 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 174 1 Viruses virus NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 174 2 from from IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 174 3 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 174 4 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 174 5 tract tract NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 174 6 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 174 7 such such JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 174 8 as as IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 174 9 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 174 10 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 174 11 influenza influenza NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 174 12 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 174 13 coxsackie coxsackie NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 174 14 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 174 15 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 174 16 rhinovirus rhinovirus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 174 17 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 174 18 survive survive VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 174 19 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 174 20 relatively relatively RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 174 21 short short JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 174 22 period period NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 174 23 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 174 24 days day NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 174 25 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 174 26 whereas whereas IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 174 27 viruses virus NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 174 28 from from IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 174 29 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 174 30 gastrointestinal gastrointestinal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 174 31 tract tract NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 174 32 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 174 33 such such JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 174 34 as as IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 174 35 norovirus norovirus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 174 36 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 174 37 rotavirus rotavirus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 174 38 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 174 39 may may MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 174 40 persist persist VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 174 41 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 174 42 up up IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 174 43 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 174 44 2 2 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 174 45 months month NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 174 46 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 174 47 133 133 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 174 48 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 174 49 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 175 1 Surfaces surface NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 175 2 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 175 3 rooms room NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 175 4 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 175 5 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 175 6 infected infect VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 175 7 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 175 8 colonized colonize VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 175 9 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 175 10 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 175 11 may may MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 175 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 175 13 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 175 14 frequently frequently RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 175 15 do do VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 175 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 175 17 become become VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 175 18 contaminated contaminate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 175 19 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 176 1 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 176 2 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 176 3 VRE VRE NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 176 4 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 176 5 Acinetobacter Acinetobacter NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 176 6 spp spp NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 176 7 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 177 1 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 177 2 norovirus norovirus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 177 3 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 177 4 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 177 5 C. C. NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 177 6 difficile difficile NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 177 7 have have VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 177 8 been be VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 177 9 detected detect VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 177 10 on on IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 177 11 environmental environmental JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 177 12 surfaces surface NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 177 13 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 177 14 rooms room NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 177 15 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 177 16 infected infected JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 177 17 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 177 18 colonized colonize VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 177 19 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 177 20 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 177 21 can can MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 177 22 colonize colonize VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 177 23 healthcare healthcare NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 177 24 workers worker NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 177 25 ' ' POS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 177 26 hands hand NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 177 27 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 177 28 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 177 29 can can MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 177 30 then then RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 177 31 be be VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 177 32 transmitted transmit VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 177 33 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 177 34 others other NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 177 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 177 36 134 134 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 177 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 177 38 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 178 1 Contact contact VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 178 2 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 178 3 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 178 4 environment environment NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 178 5 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 178 6 as as RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 178 7 likely likely JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 178 8 as as IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 178 9 contact contact NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 178 10 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 178 11 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 178 12 affected affected JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 178 13 patient patient NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 178 14 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 178 15 result result VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 178 16 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 178 17 contamination contamination NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 178 18 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 178 19 HCW HCW NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 178 20 hands hand NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 178 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 178 22 32 32 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 178 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 178 24 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 179 1 The the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 179 2 presence presence NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 179 3 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 179 4 environmental environmental JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 179 5 contamination contamination NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 179 6 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 179 7 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 179 8 risk risk NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 179 9 factor factor NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 179 10 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 179 11 HCW HCW NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 179 12 hand hand NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 179 13 / / SYM cord-016426-aw3wirmb 179 14 glove glove NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 179 15 contamination contamination NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 179 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 179 17 33 33 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 179 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 179 19 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 180 1 Admission admission NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 180 2 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 180 3 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 180 4 room room NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 180 5 previously previously RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 180 6 occupied occupy VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 180 7 by by IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 180 8 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 180 9 patient patient NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 180 10 colonized colonize VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 180 11 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 180 12 infected infect VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 180 13 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 180 14 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 180 15 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 180 16 VRE VRE NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 180 17 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 180 18 Acinetobacter Acinetobacter NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 180 19 spp spp NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 180 20 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 181 1 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 181 2 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 181 3 C. C. NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 181 4 difficile difficile NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 181 5 has have VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 181 6 been be VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 181 7 shown show VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 181 8 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 181 9 be be VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 181 10 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 181 11 risk risk NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 181 12 factor factor NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 181 13 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 181 14 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 181 15 development development NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 181 16 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 181 17 colonization colonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 181 18 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 181 19 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 181 20 by by IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 181 21 these these DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 181 22 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 181 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 181 24 38 38 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 181 25 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 181 26 40 40 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 181 27 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 181 28 41 41 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 181 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 181 30 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 182 1 Multiple multiple JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 182 2 studies study NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 182 3 have have VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 182 4 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 182 5 that that IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 182 6 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 182 7 lack lack NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 182 8 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 182 9 thorough thorough JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 182 10 cleaning cleaning NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 182 11 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 182 12 135 135 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 182 13 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 182 14 136 136 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 182 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 182 16 contributes contribute VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 182 17 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 182 18 persistence persistence NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 182 19 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 182 20 environmental environmental JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 182 21 contamination contamination NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 182 22 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 183 1 Assessing assess VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 183 2 adequacy adequacy NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 183 3 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 183 4 cleaning cleaning NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 183 5 can can MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 183 6 be be VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 183 7 performed perform VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 183 8 using use VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 183 9 various various JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 183 10 methods method NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 183 11 including include VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 183 12 observation observation NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 183 13 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 183 14 visible visible JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 183 15 soiling soiling NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 183 16 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 183 17 culture culture NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 183 18 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 183 19 based base VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 183 20 colony colony NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 183 21 counts count NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 183 22 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 183 23 fluorescent fluorescent JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 183 24 dye dye NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 183 25 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 183 26 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 183 27 ATP ATP NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 183 28 detection detection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 183 29 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 184 1 For for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 184 2 example example NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 184 3 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 184 4 fluorescent fluorescent JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 184 5 dye dye NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 184 6 can can MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 184 7 be be VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 184 8 applied apply VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 184 9 as as IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 184 10 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 184 11 dot dot NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 184 12 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 184 13 surfaces surface NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 184 14 where where WRB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 184 15 it -PRON- PRP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 184 16 dries dry VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 184 17 clear clear JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 184 18 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 185 1 If if IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 185 2 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 185 3 surface surface NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 185 4 was be VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 185 5 inadequately inadequately RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 185 6 wiped wipe VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 185 7 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 185 8 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 185 9 area area NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 185 10 fluoresces fluoresce VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 185 11 when when WRB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 185 12 exposed expose VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 185 13 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 185 14 black black JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 185 15 light light NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 185 16 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 186 1 ATP ATP NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 186 2 bioluminescence bioluminescence NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 186 3 systems system NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 186 4 measure measure VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 186 5 ATP ATP NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 186 6 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 186 7 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 186 8 marker marker NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 186 9 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 186 10 presence presence NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 186 11 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 186 12 residual residual JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 186 13 organic organic JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 186 14 material material NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 186 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 186 16 e.g. e.g. RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 186 17 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 186 18 human human JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 186 19 secretions secretion NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 186 20 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 186 21 excretions excretion NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 186 22 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 186 23 food food NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 186 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 186 25 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 187 1 ATP ATP NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 187 2 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 187 3 however however RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 187 4 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 187 5 does do VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 187 6 not not RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 187 7 indicate indicate VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 187 8 presence presence NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 187 9 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 187 10 viable viable JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 187 11 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 187 12 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 187 13 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 187 14 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 187 15 absence absence NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 187 16 does do VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 187 17 not not RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 187 18 rule rule VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 187 19 out out RP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 187 20 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 187 21 presence presence NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 187 22 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 187 23 contamination contamination NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 187 24 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 187 25 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 187 26 as as RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 187 27 such such JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 187 28 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 187 29 use use NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 187 30 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 187 31 fluorescent fluorescent JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 187 32 dye dye NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 187 33 correlates correlate VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 187 34 more more RBR cord-016426-aw3wirmb 187 35 closely closely RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 187 36 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 187 37 colony colony NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 187 38 counts count VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 187 39 than than IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 187 40 does do VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 187 41 ATP ATP NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 187 42 bioluminescence bioluminescence NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 187 43 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 187 44 137 137 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 187 45 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 187 46 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 188 1 Focused focus VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 188 2 efforts effort NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 188 3 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 188 4 eradicate eradicate VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 188 5 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 188 6 can can MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 188 7 improve improve VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 188 8 cleaning clean VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 188 9 efficacy efficacy NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 188 10 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 188 11 which which WDT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 188 12 may may MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 188 13 involve involve VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 188 14 specialized specialized JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 188 15 teams team NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 188 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 188 17 138 138 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 188 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 188 19 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 188 20 through through IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 188 21 use use NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 188 22 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 188 23 improved improved JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 188 24 monitoring monitoring NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 188 25 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 188 26 cleaning clean VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 188 27 practices practice NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 188 28 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 188 29 markers marker NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 188 30 such such JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 188 31 as as IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 188 32 ATP ATP NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 188 33 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 188 34 fluorescent fluorescent JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 188 35 dye dye NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 188 36 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 188 37 137 137 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 188 38 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 188 39 139 139 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 188 40 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 188 41 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 189 1 Feedback Feedback NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 189 2 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 189 3 environmental environmental JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 189 4 services service NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 189 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 189 6 EVS EVS NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 189 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 189 8 staff staff NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 189 9 following follow VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 189 10 use use NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 189 11 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 189 12 enhanced enhanced JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 189 13 methods method NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 189 14 has have VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 189 15 also also RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 189 16 been be VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 189 17 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 189 18 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 189 19 improve improve VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 189 20 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 189 21 frequency frequency NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 189 22 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 189 23 achieving achieve VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 189 24 adequate adequate JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 189 25 cleaning cleaning NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 189 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 189 27 140 140 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 189 28 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 189 29 141 141 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 189 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 189 31 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 190 1 In in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 190 2 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 190 3 study study NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 190 4 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 190 5 36 36 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 190 6 acute acute JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 190 7 care care NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 190 8 hospitals hospital NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 190 9 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 190 10 only only RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 190 11 48 48 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 190 12 % % NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 190 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 190 14 9910/20,646 9910/20,646 NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 190 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 190 16 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 190 17 environmental environmental JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 190 18 surfaces surface NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 190 19 were be VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 190 20 cleaned clean VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 190 21 at at IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 190 22 baseline baseline NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 190 23 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 191 1 After after IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 191 2 educational educational JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 191 3 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 191 4 procedural procedural JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 191 5 interventions intervention NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 191 6 combined combine VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 191 7 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 191 8 provision provision NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 191 9 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 191 10 objective objective JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 191 11 performance performance NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 191 12 feedback feedback NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 191 13 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 191 14 EVS EVS NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 191 15 staff staff NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 191 16 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 191 17 77 77 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 191 18 % % NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 191 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 191 20 7287/9464 7287/9464 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 191 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 191 22 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 191 23 surfaces surface NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 191 24 were be VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 191 25 cleaned clean VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 191 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 191 27 p p NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 191 28 < < XX cord-016426-aw3wirmb 191 29 0.001 0.001 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 191 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 191 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 191 32 141 141 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 191 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 191 34 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 192 1 In in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 192 2 addition addition NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 192 3 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 192 4 ensuring ensure VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 192 5 each each DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 192 6 surface surface NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 192 7 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 192 8 cleaned clean VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 192 9 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 192 10 it -PRON- PRP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 192 11 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 192 12 important important JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 192 13 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 192 14 select select VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 192 15 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 192 16 correct correct JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 192 17 cleaning cleaning NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 192 18 product product NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 192 19 as as IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 192 20 microorganisms microorganism NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 192 21 vary vary VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 192 22 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 192 23 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 192 24 resistance resistance NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 192 25 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 192 26 disinfectants disinfectant NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 192 27 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 193 1 For for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 193 2 example example NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 193 3 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 193 4 disinfection disinfection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 193 5 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 193 6 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 193 7 room room NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 193 8 potentially potentially RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 193 9 contaminated contaminate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 193 10 by by IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 193 11 C. C. NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 193 12 difficile difficile NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 193 13 requires require VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 193 14 use use NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 193 15 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 193 16 hypochlorite hypochlorite NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 193 17 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 193 18 based base VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 193 19 solutions solution NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 193 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 193 21 142 142 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 193 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 193 23 rather rather RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 193 24 than than IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 193 25 phenols phenol NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 193 26 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 193 27 quaternary quaternary JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 193 28 ammonium ammonium NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 193 29 compounds compound NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 193 30 generally generally RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 193 31 used use VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 193 32 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 193 33 general general JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 193 34 hospital hospital NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 193 35 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 193 36 based base VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 193 37 cleaning cleaning NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 193 38 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 194 1 In in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 194 2 spite spite NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 194 3 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 194 4 enhanced enhanced JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 194 5 cleaning cleaning NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 194 6 methods method NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 194 7 aimed aim VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 194 8 at at IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 194 9 improving improve VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 194 10 cleaning clean VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 194 11 thoroughness thoroughness NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 194 12 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 194 13 monitoring monitoring NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 194 14 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 194 15 cleaning cleaning NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 194 16 practices practice NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 194 17 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 194 18 many many JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 194 19 surfaces surface NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 194 20 remain remain VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 194 21 inadequately inadequately RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 194 22 cleaned clean VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 194 23 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 195 1 For for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 195 2 this this DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 195 3 reason reason NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 195 4 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 195 5 no no DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 195 6 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 195 7 touch touch NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 195 8 room room NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 195 9 disinfection disinfection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 195 10 units unit NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 195 11 that that WDT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 195 12 decontaminate decontaminate VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 195 13 environmental environmental JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 195 14 surfaces surface NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 195 15 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 195 16 objects object NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 195 17 utilizing utilize VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 195 18 either either CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 195 19 ultraviolet ultraviolet NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 195 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 195 21 UV uv NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 195 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 195 23 light light NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 195 24 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 195 25 hydrogen hydrogen NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 195 26 peroxide peroxide NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 195 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 195 28 HP HP NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 195 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 195 30 vapor vapor NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 195 31 have have VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 195 32 been be VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 195 33 developed develop VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 195 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 195 35 143 143 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 195 36 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 195 37 144 144 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 195 38 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 195 39 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 196 1 These these DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 196 2 technologies technology NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 196 3 are be VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 196 4 considered consider VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 196 5 an an DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 196 6 adjunct adjunct NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 196 7 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 196 8 standard standard JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 196 9 cleaning cleaning NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 196 10 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 196 11 disinfection disinfection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 196 12 since since IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 196 13 surfaces surface NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 196 14 must must MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 196 15 be be VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 196 16 physically physically RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 196 17 clean clean JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 196 18 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 196 19 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 196 20 room room NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 196 21 must must MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 196 22 be be VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 196 23 emptied empty VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 196 24 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 196 25 people people NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 196 26 prior prior RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 196 27 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 196 28 use use NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 196 29 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 197 1 UV uv NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 197 2 irradiation irradiation NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 197 3 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 197 4 certain certain JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 197 5 wavelengths wavelength NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 197 6 breaks break VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 197 7 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 197 8 molecular molecular JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 197 9 bond bond NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 197 10 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 197 11 DNA DNA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 197 12 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 197 13 thereby thereby RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 197 14 destroying destroy VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 197 15 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 197 16 organism organism NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 197 17 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 198 1 This this DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 198 2 has have VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 198 3 been be VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 198 4 shown show VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 198 5 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 198 6 be be VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 198 7 effective effective JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 198 8 against against IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 198 9 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 198 10 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 198 11 VRE VRE NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 198 12 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 198 13 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 198 14 Acinetobacter Acinetobacter NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 198 15 baumannii baumannii NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 198 16 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 198 17 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 198 18 experimentally experimentally RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 198 19 contaminated contaminate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 198 20 rooms room NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 198 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 198 22 145 145 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 198 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 198 24 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 199 1 Systems system NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 199 2 utilizing utilize VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 199 3 HP HP NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 199 4 vapor vapor NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 199 5 have have VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 199 6 been be VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 199 7 found find VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 199 8 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 199 9 be be VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 199 10 effective effective JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 199 11 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 199 12 eradicating eradicate VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 199 13 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 199 14 such such JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 199 15 as as IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 199 16 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 199 17 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 199 18 Mycobacterium Mycobacterium NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 199 19 tuberculosis tuberculosis NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 199 20 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 199 21 Serratia Serratia NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 199 22 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 199 23 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 199 24 C. c. NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 199 25 difficile difficile NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 199 26 spores spore NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 199 27 from from IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 199 28 rooms room NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 199 29 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 199 30 equipment equipment NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 199 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 199 32 146 146 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 199 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 199 34 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 200 1 Both both DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 200 2 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 200 3 these these DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 200 4 methods method NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 200 5 have have VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 200 6 been be VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 200 7 found find VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 200 8 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 200 9 be be VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 200 10 effective effective JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 200 11 at at IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 200 12 reducing reduce VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 200 13 HAIs hai NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 200 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 200 15 146 146 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 200 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 200 17 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 201 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 201 2 advantages advantage NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 201 3 include include VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 201 4 ability ability NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 201 5 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 201 6 substantially substantially RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 201 7 reduce reduce VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 201 8 C. C. NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 201 9 difficile difficile NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 201 10 spores spore NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 201 11 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 201 12 147 147 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 201 13 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 201 14 as as RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 201 15 well well RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 201 16 as as IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 201 17 achieve achieve VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 201 18 substantial substantial JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 201 19 reductions reduction NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 201 20 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 201 21 vegetative vegetative JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 201 22 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 201 23 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 202 1 Failure failure NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 202 2 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 202 3 adequately adequately RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 202 4 clean clean VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 202 5 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 202 6 sterilize sterilize VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 202 7 equipment equipment NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 202 8 may may MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 202 9 lead lead VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 202 10 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 202 11 transmission transmission NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 202 12 via via IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 202 13 contaminated contaminated JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 202 14 equipment equipment NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 202 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 202 16 148 148 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 202 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 202 18 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 1 The the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 2 level level NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 3 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 4 disinfection disinfection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 5 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 6 sterilization sterilization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 7 considered consider VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 8 acceptable acceptable JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 9 depends depend VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 10 on on IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 11 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 12 intended intend VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 13 use use NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 14 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 15 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 16 object object NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 17 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 18 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 19 categorized categorize VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 20 as as IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 21 critical critical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 23 items item NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 24 that that WDT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 25 come come VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 26 into into IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 27 contact contact NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 28 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 29 sterile sterile JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 30 tissue tissue NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 32 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 33 semicritical semicritical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 35 items item NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 36 contacting contact VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 37 mucous mucous JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 38 membranes membrane NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 39 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 40 such such JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 41 as as IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 42 endoscopes endoscope NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 44 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 45 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 46 noncritical noncritical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 48 items item NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 49 contacting contact VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 50 skin skin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 51 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 52 such such JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 53 as as IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 54 stethoscopes stethoscope NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 55 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 203 56 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 204 1 These these DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 204 2 each each DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 204 3 require require VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 204 4 sterilization sterilization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 204 5 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 204 6 high high JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 204 7 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 204 8 level level NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 204 9 disinfection disinfection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 204 10 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 204 11 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 204 12 low low JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 204 13 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 204 14 level level NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 204 15 disinfection disinfection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 204 16 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 204 17 respectively respectively RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 204 18 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 205 1 Cleaning cleaning NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 205 2 should should MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 205 3 precede precede VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 205 4 sterilization sterilization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 205 5 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 205 6 disinfection disinfection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 205 7 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 206 1 Among among IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 206 2 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 206 3 many many JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 206 4 sources source NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 206 5 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 206 6 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 206 7 within within IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 206 8 hospital hospital NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 206 9 environments environment NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 206 10 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 206 11 water water NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 206 12 remains remain NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 206 13 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 206 14 significant significant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 206 15 concern concern NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 206 16 secondary secondary JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 206 17 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 206 18 opportunity opportunity VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 206 19 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 206 20 exposure exposure NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 206 21 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 207 1 Water water NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 207 2 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 207 3 ubiquitous ubiquitous JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 207 4 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 207 5 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 207 6 use use NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 207 7 throughout throughout IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 207 8 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 207 9 hospital hospital NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 207 10 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 207 11 not not RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 207 12 only only RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 207 13 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 207 14 routine routine JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 207 15 sanitation sanitation NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 207 16 but but CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 207 17 also also RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 207 18 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 207 19 air air NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 207 20 conditioning conditioning NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 207 21 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 207 22 mechanical mechanical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 207 23 ventilation ventilation NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 207 24 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 207 25 bathing bathing NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 207 26 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 207 27 as as RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 207 28 well well RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 207 29 as as IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 207 30 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 207 31 cleaning cleaning NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 207 32 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 207 33 processing processing NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 207 34 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 207 35 equipment equipment NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 207 36 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 208 1 Certain certain JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 208 2 organisms organism NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 208 3 have have VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 208 4 special special JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 208 5 predilection predilection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 208 6 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 208 7 moist moist JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 208 8 environments environment NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 208 9 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 208 10 include include VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 208 11 gram gram NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 208 12 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 208 13 negative negative JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 208 14 bacilli bacilli NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 208 15 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 208 16 nontuberculous nontuberculous JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 208 17 mycobacteria mycobacterium NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 208 18 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 208 19 fungi fungus NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 208 20 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 208 21 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 208 22 some some DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 208 23 viruses virus NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 208 24 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 209 1 In in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 209 2 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 209 3 recent recent JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 209 4 review review NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 209 5 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 209 6 waterborne waterborne JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 209 7 healthcare healthcare NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 209 8 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 209 9 associated associate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 209 10 infections infection NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 209 11 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 209 12 41 41 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 209 13 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 209 14 125 125 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 209 15 reports report NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 209 16 described describe VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 209 17 hospitalized hospitalize VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 209 18 children child NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 209 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 209 20 149 149 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 209 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 209 22 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 210 1 The the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 210 2 organisms organism NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 210 3 primarily primarily RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 210 4 responsible responsible JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 210 5 included include VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 210 6 Legionella Legionella NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 210 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 210 8 hot hot JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 210 9 water water NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 210 10 distribution distribution NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 210 11 systems system NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 210 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 210 13 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 210 14 Pseudomonas Pseudomonas NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 210 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 210 16 bottled bottled JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 210 17 water water NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 210 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 210 19 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 210 20 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 210 21 Burkholderia Burkholderia NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 210 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 210 23 distilled distilled JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 210 24 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 210 25 sterile sterile JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 210 26 water water NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 210 27 contamination contamination NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 210 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 210 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 210 30 149 149 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 210 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 210 32 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 211 1 Generally generally RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 211 2 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 211 3 tap tap NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 211 4 water water NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 211 5 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 211 6 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 211 7 most most RBS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 211 8 frequently frequently RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 211 9 reported report VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 211 10 source source NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 211 11 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 211 12 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 211 13 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 211 14 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 211 15 contamination contamination NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 211 16 at at IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 211 17 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 211 18 sink sink NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 211 19 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 211 20 shower shower NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 211 21 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 211 22 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 211 23 bathtub bathtub NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 211 24 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 212 1 Legionella Legionella NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 212 2 was be VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 212 3 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 212 4 primary primary JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 212 5 cause cause NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 212 6 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 212 7 HAI HAI NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 212 8 among among IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 212 9 all all PDT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 212 10 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 212 11 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 212 12 included include VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 212 13 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 212 14 this this DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 212 15 review review NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 212 16 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 212 17 was be VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 212 18 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 212 19 predominant predominant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 212 20 organism organism NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 212 21 causing cause VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 212 22 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 212 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 212 24 149 149 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 212 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 212 26 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 213 1 Legionella legionella NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 213 2 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 213 3 have have VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 213 4 been be VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 213 5 reported report VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 213 6 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 213 7 premature premature JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 213 8 neonates neonate NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 213 9 associated associate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 213 10 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 213 11 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 213 12 humidification humidification NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 213 13 trays tray NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 213 14 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 213 15 incubators incubator NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 213 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 213 17 150 150 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 213 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 213 19 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 213 20 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 213 21 term term NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 213 22 neonates neonate NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 213 23 associated associate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 213 24 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 213 25 cold cold JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 213 26 mist mist NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 213 27 humidifiers humidifier NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 213 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 213 29 151 151 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 213 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 213 31 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 214 1 Environmental environmental JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 214 2 control control NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 214 3 measures measure NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 214 4 are be VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 214 5 generally generally RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 214 6 insufficient insufficient JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 214 7 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 214 8 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 214 9 eradication eradication NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 214 10 requires require VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 214 11 use use NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 214 12 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 214 13 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 214 14 multistep multistep JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 214 15 control control NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 214 16 plan plan NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 214 17 which which WDT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 214 18 includes include VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 214 19 education education NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 214 20 ; ; : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 214 21 use use NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 214 22 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 214 23 sterile sterile JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 214 24 water water NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 214 25 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 214 26 immunocompromised immunocompromised JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 214 27 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 214 28 ; ; : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 214 29 use use NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 214 30 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 214 31 periodic periodic JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 214 32 cleaning cleaning NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 214 33 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 214 34 showers shower NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 214 35 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 214 36 tubs tub NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 214 37 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 214 38 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 214 39 sinks sink NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 214 40 ; ; : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 214 41 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 214 42 use use NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 214 43 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 214 44 disinfection disinfection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 214 45 systems system NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 214 46 / / SYM cord-016426-aw3wirmb 214 47 filters filter NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 214 48 on on IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 214 49 taps tap NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 214 50 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 214 51 shower shower NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 214 52 heads head NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 214 53 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 215 1 A a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 215 2 team team NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 215 3 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 215 4 specialists specialist NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 215 5 from from IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 215 6 all all DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 215 7 areas area NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 215 8 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 215 9 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 215 10 control control NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 215 11 including include VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 215 12 engineers engineer NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 215 13 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 215 14 required require VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 215 15 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 215 16 eradicate eradicate VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 215 17 contamination contamination NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 215 18 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 215 19 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 215 20 water water NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 215 21 system system NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 215 22 / / SYM cord-016426-aw3wirmb 215 23 supplies supply NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 215 24 when when WRB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 215 25 it -PRON- PRP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 215 26 occurs occur VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 215 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 215 28 149 149 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 215 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 215 30 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 216 1 Endogenous endogenous JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 216 2 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 216 3 exogenous exogenous JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 216 4 microbes microbe NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 216 5 are be VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 216 6 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 216 7 constant constant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 216 8 threat threat NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 216 9 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 216 10 hospitalized hospitalize VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 216 11 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 216 12 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 217 1 Efforts effort NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 217 2 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 217 3 decrease decrease VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 217 4 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 217 5 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 217 6 via via IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 217 7 decolonization decolonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 217 8 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 217 9 skin skin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 217 10 antisepsis antisepsis NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 217 11 decrease decrease VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 217 12 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 217 13 risk risk NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 217 14 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 217 15 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 217 16 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 217 17 some some DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 217 18 settings setting NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 217 19 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 218 1 Controlling control VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 218 2 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 218 3 spread spread NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 218 4 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 218 5 potential potential JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 218 6 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 218 7 from from IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 218 8 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 218 9 environment environment NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 218 10 requires require VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 218 11 meticulous meticulous JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 218 12 attention attention NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 218 13 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 218 14 cleaning cleaning NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 218 15 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 218 16 disinfection disinfection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 218 17 practices practice NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 218 18 as as RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 218 19 well well RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 218 20 as as IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 218 21 hand hand NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 218 22 hygiene hygiene NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 218 23 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 219 1 The the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 219 2 role role NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 219 3 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 219 4 nasal nasal NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 219 5 carriage carriage NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 219 6 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 219 7 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 219 8 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 219 9 infections infection NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 219 10 Variability variability NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 219 11 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 219 12 diversity diversity NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 219 13 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 219 14 nasopharyngeal nasopharyngeal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 219 15 microbiota microbiota NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 219 16 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 219 17 children child NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 219 18 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 219 19 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 219 20 metagenomic metagenomic NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 219 21 analysis analysis NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 220 1 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 220 2 epidermidis epidermidis NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 220 3 Esp Esp NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 220 4 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 220 5 Staphylococcus staphylococcus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 220 6 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 220 7 biofilm biofilm NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 220 8 formation formation NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 220 9 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 220 10 nasal nasal NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 220 11 colonization colonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 221 1 The the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 221 2 skin skin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 221 3 microbiome microbiome NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 222 1 The the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 222 2 role role NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 222 3 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 222 4 Propionibacterium Propionibacterium NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 222 5 acnes acne NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 222 6 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 222 7 acne acne NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 222 8 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 222 9 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 222 10 facts fact NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 222 11 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 222 12 controversies controversy NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 222 13 Staphylococcal staphylococcal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 222 14 infections infection NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 222 15 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 222 16 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 222 17 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 222 18 atopic atopic JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 222 19 dermatitis dermatitis NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 222 20 Antibiotic antibiotic JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 222 21 use use NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 222 22 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 222 23 microbiome microbiome NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 222 24 function function NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 223 1 The the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 223 2 role role NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 223 3 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 223 4 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 223 5 microbiome microbiome NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 223 6 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 223 7 human human JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 223 8 health health NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 223 9 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 223 10 disease disease NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 223 11 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 223 12 an an DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 223 13 introduction introduction NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 223 14 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 223 15 clinicians clinician NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 223 16 Gut gut VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 223 17 microbiota microbiota NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 223 18 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 223 19 host host NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 223 20 defense defense NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 223 21 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 223 22 critical critical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 223 23 illness illness NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 223 24 Probiotics probiotic NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 223 25 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 223 26 critically critically RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 223 27 ill ill JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 223 28 children child NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 223 29 Bacterial bacterial VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 223 30 colonization colonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 223 31 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 223 32 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 223 33 mucosal mucosal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 223 34 barrier barrier NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 223 35 development development NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 224 1 The the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 224 2 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 224 3 microbiota microbiota NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 224 4 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 224 5 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 224 6 role role NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 224 7 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 224 8 health health NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 224 9 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 224 10 disease disease NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 225 1 The the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 225 2 function function NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 225 3 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 225 4 immunoglobulin immunoglobulin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 225 5 A a NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 225 6 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 225 7 immunity immunity NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 225 8 Intestinal intestinal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 225 9 IgA IgA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 225 10 production production NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 225 11 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 225 12 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 225 13 role role NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 225 14 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 225 15 host host NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 225 16 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 225 17 microbe microbe NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 225 18 interaction interaction NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 225 19 Methicillin methicillin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 225 20 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 225 21 resistant resistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 225 22 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 225 23 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 225 24 colonization colonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 225 25 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 225 26 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 225 27 association association NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 225 28 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 225 29 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 225 30 among among IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 225 31 infants infant NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 225 32 hospitalized hospitalize VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 225 33 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 225 34 neonatal neonatal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 225 35 intensive intensive JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 225 36 care care NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 225 37 units unit NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 225 38 Nasal nasal VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 225 39 carriage carriage NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 225 40 as as IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 225 41 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 225 42 source source NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 225 43 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 225 44 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 225 45 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 225 46 bacteremia bacteremia NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 225 47 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 226 1 Study Study NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 226 2 Group Group NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 226 3 Intranasal Intranasal NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 226 4 mupirocin mupirocin NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 226 5 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 226 6 prevent prevent VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 226 7 postoperative postoperative JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 226 8 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 226 9 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 226 10 infections infection NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 226 11 Epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 226 12 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 226 13 community community NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 226 14 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 226 15 acquired acquire VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 226 16 methicillin methicillin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 226 17 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 226 18 resistant resistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 226 19 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 226 20 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 226 21 skin skin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 226 22 infections infection NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 226 23 among among IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 226 24 healthcare healthcare NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 226 25 workers worker NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 226 26 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 226 27 an an DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 226 28 outpatient outpatient NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 226 29 clinic clinic NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 226 30 Outpatient outpatient NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 226 31 vancomycin vancomycin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 226 32 use use NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 226 33 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 226 34 vancomycin vancomycin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 226 35 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 226 36 resistant resistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 226 37 enterococcal enterococcal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 226 38 colonization colonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 226 39 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 226 40 maintenance maintenance NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 226 41 dialysis dialysis NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 226 42 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 226 43 What what WP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 226 44 's be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 226 45 trending trend VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 226 46 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 226 47 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 226 48 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 226 49 prevention prevention NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 226 50 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 226 51 control control NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 226 52 literature literature NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 226 53 ? ? . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 1 From from IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 2 HIS his PRP$ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 3 2012 2012 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 4 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 5 HIS his PRP$ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 6 2014 2014 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 7 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 8 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 9 beyond beyond IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 10 The the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 11 importance importance NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 12 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 13 long long JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 14 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 15 term term NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 16 acute acute JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 17 care care NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 18 hospitals hospital NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 19 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 20 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 21 regional regional JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 22 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 23 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 24 Klebsiella Klebsiella NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 25 pneumoniae pneumoniae NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 26 carbapenemase carbapenemase NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 27 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 28 producing produce VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 29 Enterobacteriaceae Enterobacteriaceae NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 30 Controlling Controlling NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 31 hospital hospital NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 32 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 33 acquired acquire VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 34 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 35 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 36 focus focus VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 37 on on IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 38 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 39 role role NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 40 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 41 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 42 environment environment NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 43 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 44 new new JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 45 technologies technology NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 46 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 47 decontamination decontamination NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 48 Risk risk NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 49 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 50 acquiring acquire VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 51 multidrug multidrug NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 52 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 53 resistant resistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 54 gram gram NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 55 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 56 negative negative JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 57 bacilli bacilli NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 58 from from IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 59 prior prior JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 60 room room NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 61 occupants occupant NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 62 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 63 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 64 intensive intensive JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 65 care care NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 66 unit unit NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 67 Survival Survival NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 68 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 69 Acinetobacter Acinetobacter NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 70 baumannii baumannii NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 71 on on IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 72 dry dry JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 73 surfaces surface NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 74 Antibiotic antibiotic JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 75 exposure exposure NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 76 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 77 room room NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 78 contamination contamination NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 79 among among IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 80 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 81 colonized colonize VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 82 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 83 vancomycin vancomycin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 84 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 85 resistant resistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 86 enterococci enterococci NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 87 Epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 88 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 89 colonisation colonisation NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 90 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 91 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 92 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 93 environment environment NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 94 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 95 vancomycin vancomycin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 96 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 97 resistant resistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 98 enterococci enterococci NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 99 Isolation isolation NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 100 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 101 Clostridium Clostridium NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 102 difficile difficile NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 103 from from IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 104 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 105 environment environment NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 106 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 107 contacts contact NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 108 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 109 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 110 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 111 antibiotic antibiotic JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 112 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 113 associated associate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 114 colitis colitis NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 115 Nosocomial Nosocomial NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 116 acquisition acquisition NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 117 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 118 Clostridium clostridium NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 119 difficile difficile NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 227 120 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 228 1 Asymptomatic asymptomatic JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 228 2 carriers carrier NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 228 3 are be VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 228 4 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 228 5 potential potential JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 228 6 source source NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 228 7 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 228 8 transmission transmission NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 228 9 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 228 10 epidemic epidemic NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 228 11 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 228 12 nonepidemic nonepidemic JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 228 13 Clostridium clostridium NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 228 14 difficile difficile NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 228 15 strains strain NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 228 16 among among IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 228 17 long long JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 228 18 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 228 19 term term NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 228 20 care care NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 228 21 facility facility NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 228 22 residents resident NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 229 1 What what WP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 229 2 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 229 3 on on IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 229 4 that that DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 229 5 keyboard keyboard NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 229 6 ? ? . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 1 Detecting detect VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 2 hidden hidden JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 3 environmental environmental JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 4 reservoirs reservoir NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 5 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 6 Clostridium clostridium NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 7 difficile difficile NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 8 during during IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 9 an an DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 10 outbreak outbreak NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 11 associated associate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 12 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 13 North north JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 14 American american JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 15 pulsed pulse VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 16 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 17 field field NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 18 gel gel NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 19 electrophoresis electrophoresis NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 20 type type NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 21 1 1 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 22 strains strain VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 23 A a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 24 quantitative quantitative JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 25 approach approach NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 26 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 27 defining define VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 28 " " `` cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 29 high high JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 30 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 31 touch touch NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 32 " " '' cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 33 surfaces surface NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 34 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 35 hospitals hospital NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 36 Contamination contamination NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 37 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 38 hands hand NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 39 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 40 methicillin methicillin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 41 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 42 resistant resistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 43 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 44 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 45 after after IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 46 contact contact NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 47 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 48 environmental environmental JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 49 surfaces surface NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 50 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 51 after after IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 52 contact contact NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 53 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 54 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 55 skin skin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 56 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 57 colonized colonize VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 58 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 59 Transfer transfer NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 60 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 61 multidrug multidrug NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 62 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 63 resistant resistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 64 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 65 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 66 healthcare healthcare NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 67 workers worker NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 68 ' ' POS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 69 gloves glove NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 70 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 71 gowns gown NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 72 after after IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 73 patient patient NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 74 contact contact NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 75 increases increase NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 76 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 77 environmental environmental JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 78 contamination contamination NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 79 Clinical clinical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 80 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 81 molecular molecular JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 82 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 83 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 84 sporadic sporadic JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 85 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 86 clustered clustered JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 87 cases case NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 88 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 89 nosocomial nosocomial JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 90 Clostridium clostridium NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 91 difficile difficile NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 92 diarrhea diarrhea NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 93 Transmission Transmission NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 94 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 95 health health NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 96 care care NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 97 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 98 associated associate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 99 infections infection NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 100 from from IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 101 roommates roommate NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 102 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 103 prior prior JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 104 room room NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 105 occupants occupant NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 106 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 107 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 108 systematic systematic JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 109 review review NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 110 Distribution distribution NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 111 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 112 multi multi JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 113 - - JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 114 resistant resistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 115 gram gram NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 116 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 117 negative negative JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 118 versus versus IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 119 gram gram NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 120 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 121 positive positive JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 122 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 123 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 124 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 125 hospital hospital NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 126 inanimate inanimate JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 127 environment environment NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 128 Environmental environmental JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 129 contamination contamination NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 130 due due IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 131 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 132 methicillin methicillin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 133 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 134 resistant resistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 135 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 136 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 137 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 138 possible possible JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 139 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 140 control control NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 230 141 implications implication NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 1 Risk risk NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 2 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 3 acquiring acquire VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 4 antibiotic antibiotic JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 5 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 6 resistant resistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 7 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 8 from from IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 9 prior prior JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 10 room room NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 11 occupants occupant NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 12 Disinfection disinfection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 13 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 14 sterilization sterilization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 15 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 16 health health NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 17 care care NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 18 facilities facility NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 19 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 20 an an DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 21 overview overview NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 22 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 23 current current JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 24 issues issue NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 25 Methods method NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 26 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 27 assessing assess VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 28 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 29 adequacy adequacy NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 30 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 31 practice practice NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 32 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 33 improving improve VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 34 room room NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 35 disinfection disinfection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 36 Evaluation Evaluation NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 37 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 38 hospital hospital NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 39 room room NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 40 assignment assignment NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 41 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 42 acquisition acquisition NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 43 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 44 Clostridium clostridium NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 45 difficile difficile NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 46 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 47 Does do VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 48 improving improve VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 49 surface surface NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 50 cleaning cleaning NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 51 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 52 disinfection disinfection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 53 reduce reduce VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 54 health health NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 55 care care NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 56 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 57 associated associate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 58 infections infection NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 231 59 ? ? . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 232 1 Impact impact NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 232 2 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 232 3 hydrogen hydrogen NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 232 4 peroxide peroxide NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 232 5 vapor vapor NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 232 6 room room NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 232 7 decontamination decontamination NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 232 8 on on IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 232 9 Clostridium clostridium NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 232 10 difficile difficile NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 232 11 environmental environmental JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 232 12 contamination contamination NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 232 13 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 232 14 transmission transmission NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 232 15 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 232 16 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 232 17 healthcare healthcare NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 232 18 setting set VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 232 19 An an DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 232 20 evaluation evaluation NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 232 21 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 232 22 environmental environmental JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 232 23 decontamination decontamination NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 232 24 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 232 25 hydrogen hydrogen NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 232 26 peroxide peroxide NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 232 27 vapor vapor NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 232 28 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 232 29 reducing reduce VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 232 30 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 232 31 risk risk NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 232 32 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 232 33 patient patient JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 232 34 acquisition acquisition NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 232 35 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 232 36 multidrug multidrug NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 232 37 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 232 38 resistant resistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 232 39 organisms organism NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 232 40 Approaches approach VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 232 41 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 232 42 preventing prevent VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 232 43 healthcare healthcare NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 232 44 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 232 45 associated associate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 232 46 infections infection NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 232 47 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 232 48 go go VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 232 49 long long RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 232 50 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 232 51 go go VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 232 52 wide wide JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 232 53 ? ? . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 1 Decolonization decolonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 2 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 3 prevention prevention NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 4 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 5 health health NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 6 care care NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 7 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 8 associated associate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 9 infections infection NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 10 Infection Infection NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 11 control control NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 12 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 13 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 14 case case NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 15 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 16 horizontal horizontal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 17 rather rather RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 18 than than IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 19 vertical vertical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 20 interventional interventional JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 21 programs program NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 22 Screening screen VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 23 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 24 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 25 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 26 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 27 flawed flawed JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 28 hospital hospital NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 29 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 30 control control NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 31 intervention intervention NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 32 Healthy healthy JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 33 carriage carriage NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 34 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 35 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 36 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 37 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 38 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 39 prevalence prevalence NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 40 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 41 importance importance NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 42 Carriage carriage NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 43 patterns pattern NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 44 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 45 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 46 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 47 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 48 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 49 healthy healthy JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 50 non non JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 51 - - JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 52 hospital hospital JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 53 population population NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 54 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 55 adults adult NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 56 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 57 children child NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 58 Effect Effect NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 59 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 60 mupirocin mupirocin NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 61 treatment treatment NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 62 on on IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 63 nasal nasal NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 64 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 65 pharyngeal pharyngeal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 66 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 67 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 68 perineal perineal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 69 carriage carriage NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 70 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 71 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 72 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 73 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 74 healthy healthy JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 75 adults adult NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 76 Perineal perineal IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 77 carriage carriage NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 78 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 79 Staph Staph NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 233 80 . . . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 1 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 2 Vaginal vaginal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 3 colonization colonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 4 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 5 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 6 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 7 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 8 healthy healthy JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 9 women woman NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 10 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 11 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 12 review review NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 13 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 14 four four CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 15 studies study NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 16 Resistance Resistance NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 17 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 18 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 19 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 20 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 21 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 22 approaches approach VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 23 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 24 screening screen VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 25 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 26 vancomycin vancomycin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 27 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 28 resistant resistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 29 Enterococcus enterococcus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 30 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 31 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 32 health health NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 33 care care NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 34 setting set VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 35 Isolation isolation NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 36 measures measure NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 37 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 38 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 39 hospital hospital NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 40 management management NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 41 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 42 methicillin methicillin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 43 resistant resistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 44 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 45 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 47 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 49 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 50 systematic systematic JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 51 review review NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 52 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 53 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 54 literature literature NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 55 Screening screening NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 56 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 57 methicillinresistant methicillinresistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 58 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 59 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 60 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 61 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 62 comparative comparative JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 63 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 64 review review NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 65 Eradication eradication NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 66 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 67 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 68 large large JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 69 outbreak outbreak NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 70 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 71 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 72 single single JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 73 strain strain NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 74 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 75 vanB vanb JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 76 vancomycin vancomycin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 77 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 78 resistant resistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 79 Enterococcus Enterococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 80 faecium faecium NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 81 at at IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 82 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 83 major major JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 84 Australian australian JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 85 teaching teaching NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 86 hospital hospital NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 87 Effectiveness Effectiveness NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 88 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 89 contact contact NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 90 isolation isolation NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 91 during during IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 92 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 93 hospital hospital NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 94 outbreak outbreak NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 95 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 96 methicillin methicillin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 97 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 98 resistant resistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 99 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 100 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 101 Universal Universal NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 102 glove glove NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 103 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 104 gown gown NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 105 use use NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 106 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 107 acquisition acquisition NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 108 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 109 antibiotic antibiotic JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 110 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 111 resistant resistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 112 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 113 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 114 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 115 ICU ICU NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 116 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 117 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 118 randomized randomized JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 119 trial trial NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 120 Isolation isolation NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 121 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 122 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 123 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 124 single single JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 125 rooms room NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 126 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 127 cohorts cohort NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 128 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 129 reduce reduce VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 130 spread spread NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 131 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 132 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 133 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 134 intensive intensive JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 135 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 136 care care NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 137 units unit NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 138 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 139 prospective prospective JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 140 twocentre twocentre NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 141 study study NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 142 Reconsidering reconsider VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 143 isolation isolation NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 144 precautions precaution NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 145 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 146 endemic endemic JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 147 methicillin methicillin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 148 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 149 resistant resistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 150 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 151 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 152 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 153 vancomycin vancomycin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 154 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 155 resistant resistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 156 Enterococcus Enterococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 157 Single Single NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 158 rooms room NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 159 may may MD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 160 help help VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 161 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 162 prevent prevent VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 163 nosocomial nosocomial JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 164 bloodstream bloodstream NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 165 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 166 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 167 cross cross JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 168 - - JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 169 transmission transmission NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 170 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 171 methicillin methicillin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 172 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 173 resistant resistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 174 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 175 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 176 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 177 intensive intensive JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 178 care care NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 179 units unit NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 180 To to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 181 isolate isolate VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 182 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 183 not not RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 184 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 185 isolate isolate VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 234 186 ? ? . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 1 Analysis analysis NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 2 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 3 data datum NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 4 from from IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 5 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 6 German german JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 7 Nosocomial Nosocomial NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 8 Infection Infection NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 9 Surveillance Surveillance NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 10 System System NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 11 regarding regard VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 12 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 13 placement placement NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 14 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 15 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 16 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 17 methicillin methicillin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 18 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 19 resistant resistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 20 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 21 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 22 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 23 private private JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 24 rooms room NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 25 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 26 intensive intensive JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 27 care care NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 28 units unit NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 29 Guidelines Guidelines NNPS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 30 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 31 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 32 control control NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 33 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 34 prevention prevention NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 35 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 36 meticillin meticillin JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 37 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 38 resistant resistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 39 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 40 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 42 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 44 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 45 healthcare healthcare NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 46 facilities facility NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 47 Strategies strategy NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 48 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 49 prevent prevent VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 50 methicillin methicillin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 51 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 52 resistant resistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 53 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 54 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 55 transmission transmission NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 56 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 57 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 58 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 59 acute acute JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 60 care care NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 235 61 hospitals hospital NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 236 1 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 236 2 2014 2014 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 236 3 update update NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 236 4 Screening screening NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 236 5 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 236 6 isolation isolation NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 236 7 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 236 8 control control VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 236 9 meticillin meticillin JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 236 10 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 236 11 resistant resistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 236 12 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 236 13 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 236 14 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 1 sense sense NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 2 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 3 nonsense nonsense NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 4 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 5 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 6 evidence evidence NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 7 Outcomes outcome NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 8 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 9 colonization colonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 10 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 11 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 12 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 13 VRE VRE NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 14 among among IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 15 liver liver NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 16 transplant transplant NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 17 candidates candidate NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 18 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 19 recipients recipient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 20 Nasal nasal NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 21 carriage carriage NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 22 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 23 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 24 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 25 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 26 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 27 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 28 underlying underlie VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 29 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 30 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 31 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 32 associated associate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 33 risks risk NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 34 Follow follow NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 35 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 36 up up NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 37 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 38 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 39 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 40 nasal nasal NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 41 carriage carriage NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 42 after after IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 43 8 8 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 44 years year NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 45 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 46 redefining redefine VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 47 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 48 persistent persistent JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 49 carrier carrier NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 50 state state NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 51 Persistent Persistent NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 52 ( ( -LRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 53 not not RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 54 intermittent intermittent JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 55 ) ) -RRB- cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 56 nasal nasal NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 57 carriage carriage NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 58 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 59 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 60 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 61 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 62 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 63 determinant determinant NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 64 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 65 CPD CPD NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 66 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 67 related relate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 68 infections infection NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 69 Nasal nasal NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 70 carriage carriage NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 71 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 72 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 73 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 74 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 75 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 76 major major JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 77 risk risk NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 78 factor factor NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 79 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 80 surgical surgical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 81 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 82 site site NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 83 infections infection NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 84 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 85 orthopedic orthopedic NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 86 surgery surgery NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 87 Quantitative quantitative JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 88 analysis analysis NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 89 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 90 molecular molecular JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 91 fingerprinting fingerprinting NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 92 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 93 methicillin methicillin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 94 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 95 resistant resistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 96 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 97 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 98 nasal nasal VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 99 colonization colonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 100 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 101 different different JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 102 patient patient JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 103 populations population NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 104 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 105 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 106 prospective prospective JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 107 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 108 multicenter multicenter JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 109 study study NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 110 Effect effect NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 111 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 112 antibiotics antibiotic NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 113 on on IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 114 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 115 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 116 load load NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 117 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 118 meticillin meticillin JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 119 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 120 resistant resistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 121 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 122 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 123 colonisation colonisation NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 124 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 125 anterior anterior JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 126 nares nares NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 127 Role role NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 128 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 129 decolonization decolonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 130 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 131 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 132 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 133 strategy strategy NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 134 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 135 reduce reduce VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 136 methicillin methicillin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 137 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 138 resistant resistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 139 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 140 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 141 infections infection NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 142 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 143 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 144 neonatal neonatal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 145 intensive intensive JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 146 care care NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 147 unit unit NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 148 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 149 an an DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 150 observational observational JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 151 cohort cohort NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 152 study study NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 153 Eradication eradication NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 154 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 155 methicillin methicillin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 156 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 157 resistant resistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 158 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 159 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 160 from from IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 161 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 162 neonatal neonatal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 163 intensive intensive JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 164 care care NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 165 unit unit NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 166 by by IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 167 active active JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 168 surveillance surveillance NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 169 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 170 aggressive aggressive JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 171 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 172 control control NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 237 173 measures measure NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 238 1 Successful successful JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 238 2 control control NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 238 3 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 238 4 methicillin methicillin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 238 5 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 238 6 resistant resistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 238 7 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 238 8 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 238 9 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 238 10 endemic endemic JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 238 11 neonatal neonatal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 238 12 intensive intensive JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 238 13 care care NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 238 14 units unit NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 239 1 -a -a : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 240 1 7-year 7-year CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 241 1 campaign campaign NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 241 2 Randomized Randomized NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 241 3 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 241 4 placebo placebo NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 241 5 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 241 6 controlled control VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 241 7 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 241 8 double double JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 241 9 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 241 10 blind blind JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 241 11 trial trial NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 241 12 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 241 13 evaluate evaluate VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 241 14 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 241 15 efficacy efficacy NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 241 16 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 241 17 mupirocin mupirocin NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 241 18 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 241 19 eradicating eradicate VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 241 20 carriage carriage NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 241 21 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 241 22 methicillin methicillin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 241 23 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 241 24 resistant resistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 241 25 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 241 26 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 241 27 Eradication eradication NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 241 28 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 241 29 methicillin methicillin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 241 30 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 241 31 resistant resistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 241 32 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 241 33 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 241 34 carriage carriage NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 241 35 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 241 36 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 241 37 systematic systematic JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 241 38 review review NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 242 1 Mupirocin Mupirocin NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 242 2 prophylaxis prophylaxis NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 242 3 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 242 4 prevent prevent VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 242 5 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 242 6 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 242 7 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 242 8 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 242 9 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 242 10 undergoing undergo VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 242 11 dialysis dialysis NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 242 12 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 242 13 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 242 14 metaanalysis metaanalysis NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 242 15 Intranasal Intranasal NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 242 16 mupirocin mupirocin NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 242 17 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 242 18 reduction reduction NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 242 19 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 242 20 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 242 21 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 242 22 infections infection NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 242 23 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 242 24 surgical surgical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 242 25 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 242 26 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 242 27 nasal nasal NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 242 28 carriage carriage NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 242 29 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 242 30 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 242 31 systematic systematic JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 242 32 review review NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 1 Perioperative perioperative JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 2 intranasal intranasal NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 3 mupirocin mupirocin NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 4 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 5 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 6 prevention prevention NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 7 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 8 surgical surgical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 9 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 10 site site NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 11 infections infection NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 12 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 13 systematic systematic JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 14 review review NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 15 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 16 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 17 literature literature NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 18 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 19 meta meta NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 20 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 21 analysis analysis NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 22 Mupirocin Mupirocin NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 23 ointment ointment NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 24 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 25 preventing prevent VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 26 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 27 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 28 infections infection NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 29 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 30 nasal nasal NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 31 carriers carrier NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 32 Universal universal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 33 surveillance surveillance NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 34 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 35 methicillin methicillin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 36 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 37 resistant resistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 38 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 39 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 40 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 41 3 3 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 42 affiliated affiliated JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 43 hospitals hospital NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 44 Veterans Veterans NNPS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 45 Affairs Affairs NNPS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 46 initiative initiative NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 47 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 48 prevent prevent VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 49 methicillin methicillin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 50 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 51 resistant resistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 52 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 53 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 54 infections infection NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 55 Universal universal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 56 screening screening NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 57 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 58 methicillin methicillin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 59 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 60 resistant resistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 61 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 62 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 63 at at IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 64 hospital hospital NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 65 admission admission NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 66 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 67 nosocomial nosocomial JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 68 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 69 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 70 surgical surgical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 71 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 72 Effect effect NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 73 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 74 mupirocin mupirocin NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 75 decolonization decolonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 76 on on IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 77 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 78 methicillinresistant methicillinresistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 79 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 80 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 81 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 82 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 83 infants infant NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 84 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 85 neonatal neonatal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 86 intensive intensive JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 87 care care NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 88 units unit NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 89 Methicillin methicillin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 90 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 91 resistant resistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 92 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 93 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 94 transmission transmission NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 95 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 96 infections infection NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 97 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 98 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 99 neonatal neonatal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 100 intensive intensive JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 101 care care NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 102 unit unit NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 103 despite despite IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 104 active active JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 105 surveillance surveillance NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 106 cultures culture NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 107 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 108 decolonization decolonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 109 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 110 challenges challenge NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 111 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 112 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 113 prevention prevention NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 114 Strategies strategy NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 115 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 116 prevent prevent VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 117 methicillin methicillin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 118 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 119 resistant resistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 120 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 121 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 122 transmission transmission NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 123 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 124 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 125 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 126 acute acute JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 127 care care NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 128 hospitals hospital NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 243 129 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 244 1 2014 2014 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 244 2 update update NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 244 3 Society Society NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 244 4 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 244 5 Healthcare Healthcare NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 244 6 Epidemiology Epidemiology NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 244 7 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 244 8 America America NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 244 9 's 's POS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 1 Pediatric Pediatric NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 2 Special Special NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 3 Interest Interest NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 4 G. G. NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 5 Identification Identification NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 6 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 7 eradication eradication NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 8 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 9 methicillin methicillin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 10 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 11 resistant resistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 12 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 13 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 14 colonization colonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 15 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 16 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 17 neonatal neonatal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 18 intensive intensive JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 19 care care NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 20 unit unit NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 21 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 22 results result NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 23 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 24 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 25 national national JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 26 survey survey NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 27 Burden Burden NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 28 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 29 invasive invasive JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 30 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 31 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 32 infections infection NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 33 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 34 hospitalized hospitalize VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 35 infants infant NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 36 Active active JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 37 surveillance surveillance NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 38 cultures culture NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 39 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 40 decolonization decolonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 41 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 42 reduce reduce VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 43 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 44 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 45 infections infection NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 46 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 47 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 48 neonatal neonatal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 49 intensive intensive JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 50 care care NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 51 unit unit NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 52 Comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 53 strategy strategy NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 54 including include VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 55 prophylactic prophylactic JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 56 mupirocin mupirocin NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 57 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 58 reduce reduce VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 59 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 60 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 61 colonization colonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 62 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 63 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 64 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 65 high high JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 66 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 67 risk risk NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 68 neonates neonate NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 69 Control Control NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 70 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 71 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 72 methicillinresistant methicillinresistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 73 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 74 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 75 outbreak outbreak NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 76 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 77 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 78 neonatal neonatal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 79 intensive intensive JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 80 care care NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 81 unit unit NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 82 by by IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 83 unselective unselective JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 84 use use NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 85 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 86 nasal nasal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 87 mupirocin mupirocin NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 88 ointment ointment NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 89 Screening screen VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 90 cardiac cardiac JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 91 surgery surgery NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 92 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 93 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 94 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 95 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 96 an an DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 97 economic economic JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 98 computer computer NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 99 model model NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 100 Efficacy Efficacy NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 101 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 102 mupirocin mupirocin NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 103 nasal nasal NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 104 ointment ointment NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 105 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 106 eradicating eradicate VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 107 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 108 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 109 nasal nasal NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 110 carriage carriage NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 111 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 112 chronic chronic JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 113 haemodialysis haemodialysis NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 245 114 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 1 The the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 2 persistence persistence NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 3 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 4 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 5 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 6 decolonization decolonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 7 after after IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 8 mupirocin mupirocin NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 9 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 10 topical topical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 11 chlorhexidine chlorhexidine NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 12 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 13 implications implication NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 14 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 15 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 16 requiring require VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 17 multiple multiple JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 18 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 19 delayed delayed JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 20 procedures procedure NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 21 Effectiveness Effectiveness NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 22 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 23 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 24 bundled bundle VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 25 intervention intervention NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 26 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 27 decolonization decolonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 28 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 29 prophylaxis prophylaxis NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 30 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 31 decrease decrease VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 32 gram gram NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 33 positive positive JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 34 surgical surgical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 35 site site NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 36 infections infection NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 37 after after IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 38 cardiac cardiac JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 39 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 40 orthopedic orthopedic JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 41 surgery surgery NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 42 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 43 systematic systematic JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 44 review review NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 45 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 46 meta meta NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 47 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 48 analysis analysis NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 49 Preoperative Preoperative NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 50 colonization colonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 51 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 52 pediatric pediatric JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 53 cardiac cardiac JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 54 surgery surgery NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 55 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 56 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 57 impact impact NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 58 on on IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 59 postoperative postoperative JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 60 infections infection NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 61 Preventing prevent VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 62 surgical surgical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 63 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 64 site site NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 65 infections infection NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 66 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 67 nasal nasal NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 68 carriers carrier NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 69 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 70 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 71 aureus aureus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 72 Safety Safety NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 73 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 74 chlorhexidine chlorhexidine NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 75 gluconate gluconate NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 76 used use VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 77 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 78 skin skin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 79 antisepsis antisepsis NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 80 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 81 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 82 preterm preterm JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 83 infant infant NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 84 Summary Summary NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 85 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 86 recommendations recommendation NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 87 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 88 guidelines guideline NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 89 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 90 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 91 prevention prevention NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 92 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 93 intravascular intravascular JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 94 catheter catheter NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 95 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 96 related relate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 97 infections infection NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 98 Chlorhexidine Chlorhexidine VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 99 use use VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 100 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 101 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 102 neonatal neonatal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 103 intensive intensive JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 104 care care NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 105 unit unit NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 106 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 107 results result NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 108 from from IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 109 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 110 national national JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 111 survey survey NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 112 Percutaneous Percutaneous NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 113 absorption absorption NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 114 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 115 chlorhexidine chlorhexidine NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 116 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 117 neonatal neonatal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 118 cord cord NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 119 care care NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 120 Absorption absorption NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 121 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 122 chlorhexidine chlorhexidine NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 123 from from IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 124 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 125 intact intact JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 126 skin skin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 127 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 128 newborn newborn JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 129 infants infant NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 130 Pilot Pilot NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 131 trial trial NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 132 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 133 compare compare VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 134 tolerance tolerance NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 135 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 136 chlorhexidine chlorhexidine NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 137 gluconate gluconate NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 138 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 139 povidone povidone NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 140 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 141 iodine iodine NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 142 antisepsis antisepsis NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 143 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 144 central central JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 145 venous venous JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 146 catheter catheter NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 147 placement placement NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 148 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 149 neonates neonate NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 150 Chlorhexidine Chlorhexidine NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 151 bathing bathing NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 152 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 153 healthcare healthcare NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 154 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 155 associated associate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 156 infections infection NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 157 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 158 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 159 randomized randomized JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 160 clinical clinical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 161 trial trial NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 162 Chlorhexidine Chlorhexidine NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 163 bathing bathing NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 164 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 165 health health NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 166 care care NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 167 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 168 associated associate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 169 infections infection NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 170 among among IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 171 adult adult NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 172 intensive intensive JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 173 care care NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 174 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 175 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 176 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 177 systematic systematic JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 178 review review NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 179 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 180 meta meta NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 181 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 182 analysis analysis NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 183 Effectiveness Effectiveness NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 184 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 185 chlorhexidine chlorhexidine NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 186 bathing bathe VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 187 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 188 reduce reduce VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 189 catheter catheter NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 190 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 191 associated associate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 192 bloodstream bloodstream NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 193 infections infection NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 194 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 195 medical medical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 196 intensive intensive JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 197 care care NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 198 unit unit NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 199 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 200 Effect Effect NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 201 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 202 daily daily JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 203 chlorhexidine chlorhexidine NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 204 bathing bathe VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 205 on on IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 206 hospital hospital NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 207 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 208 acquired acquire VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 209 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 210 Daily Daily NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 211 chlorhexidine chlorhexidine NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 212 bathing bathe VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 213 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 214 reduce reduce VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 215 bacteraemia bacteraemia NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 216 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 217 critically critically RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 218 ill ill JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 219 children child NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 220 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 221 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 222 multicentre multicentre NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 223 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 224 cluster cluster NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 225 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 226 randomised randomised JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 227 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 228 crossover crossover NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 229 trial trial NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 230 Clinical clinical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 231 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 232 molecular molecular JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 233 features feature NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 234 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 235 decreased decrease VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 236 chlorhexidine chlorhexidine NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 237 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 238 among among IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 239 nosocomial nosocomial JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 240 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 241 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 242 isolates isolate VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 243 at at IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 244 Texas Texas NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 245 Children Children NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 246 's 's POS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 247 Hospital Hospital NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 248 Targeted target VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 249 versus versus IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 250 universal universal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 251 decolonization decolonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 252 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 253 prevent prevent VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 254 ICU ICU NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 255 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 256 Impact Impact NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 257 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 258 daily daily JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 259 chlorhexidine chlorhexidine NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 260 baths bath NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 261 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 262 hand hand NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 263 hygiene hygiene NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 264 compliance compliance NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 265 on on IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 266 nosocomial nosocomial JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 267 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 268 rates rate NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 269 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 270 critically critically RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 271 ill ill JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 272 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 273 Interventions intervention NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 274 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 275 reduce reduce VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 276 colonisation colonisation NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 277 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 278 transmission transmission NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 279 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 280 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 281 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 282 resistant resistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 283 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 284 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 285 intensive intensive JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 286 care care NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 287 units unit NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 288 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 289 an an DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 290 interrupted interrupted JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 291 time time NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 292 series series NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 293 study study NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 294 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 295 cluster cluster NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 296 randomised randomised JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 297 trial trial NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 298 Selective selective JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 299 digestive digestive JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 300 or or CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 301 oropharyngeal oropharyngeal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 302 decontamination decontamination NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 303 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 304 topical topical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 305 oropharyngeal oropharyngeal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 306 chlorhexidine chlorhexidine NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 307 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 308 prevention prevention NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 309 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 310 death death NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 311 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 312 general general JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 313 intensive intensive JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 314 care care NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 315 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 316 systematic systematic JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 317 review review NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 318 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 319 network network NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 320 meta meta NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 321 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 246 322 analysis analysis NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 247 1 Selective selective JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 247 2 oropharyngeal oropharyngeal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 247 3 decontamination decontamination NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 247 4 versus versus IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 247 5 selective selective JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 247 6 digestive digestive JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 247 7 decontamination decontamination NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 247 8 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 247 9 critically critically RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 247 10 ill ill JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 247 11 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 247 12 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 247 13 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 247 14 meta meta JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 247 15 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 247 16 analysis analysis NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 247 17 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 247 18 randomized randomized JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 247 19 controlled control VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 247 20 trials trial NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 248 1 Selective selective JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 248 2 digestive digestive JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 248 3 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 248 4 oropharyngeal oropharyngeal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 248 5 decontamination decontamination NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 248 6 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 248 7 medical medical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 248 8 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 248 9 surgical surgical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 248 10 ICU ICU NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 248 11 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 248 12 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 1 individual individual JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 2 patient patient NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 3 data datum NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 4 meta meta NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 5 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 6 analysis analysis NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 7 Selective selective JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 8 decontamination decontamination NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 9 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 10 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 11 oropharynx oropharynx NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 12 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 13 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 14 digestive digestive JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 15 tract tract NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 16 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 17 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 18 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 19 resistance resistance NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 20 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 21 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 22 4 4 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 23 year year NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 24 ecological ecological JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 25 study study NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 26 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 27 38 38 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 28 intensive intensive JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 29 care care NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 30 units unit NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 31 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 32 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 33 Netherlands Netherlands NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 34 Comparative Comparative NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 35 gut gut NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 36 microbiota microbiota NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 37 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 38 resistome resistome JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 39 profiling profiling NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 40 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 41 intensive intensive JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 42 care care NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 43 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 44 receiving receive VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 45 selective selective JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 46 digestive digestive JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 47 tract tract NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 48 decontamination decontamination NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 49 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 50 healthy healthy JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 51 subjects subject NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 52 Selective selective JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 53 decontamination decontamination NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 54 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 55 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 56 digestive digestive JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 57 tract tract NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 58 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 59 critically critically RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 60 ill ill JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 61 children child NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 62 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 63 systematic systematic JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 64 review review NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 65 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 66 meta meta NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 67 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 249 68 analysis analysis NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 1 The the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 2 timing timing NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 3 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 4 prophylactic prophylactic JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 5 administration administration NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 6 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 7 antibiotics antibiotic NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 8 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 9 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 10 risk risk NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 11 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 12 surgical surgical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 13 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 14 wound wound NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 15 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 16 Preoperative Preoperative NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 17 bathing bathing NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 18 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 19 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 20 surgical surgical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 21 site site NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 22 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 23 chlorhexidine chlorhexidine NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 24 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 25 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 26 prevention prevention NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 27 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 28 systematic systematic JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 29 review review NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 30 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 31 meta meta NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 32 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 33 analysis analysis NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 34 A A NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 35 randomized randomized JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 36 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 37 clinical clinical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 38 trial trial NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 39 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 40 preadmission preadmission NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 41 chlorhexidine chlorhexidine NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 42 skin skin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 43 preparation preparation NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 44 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 45 lower low JJR cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 46 extremity extremity NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 47 total total JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 48 joint joint JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 49 arthroplasty arthroplasty NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 50 Preoperative Preoperative NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 51 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 52 Aureus Aureus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 53 screening screening NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 54 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 55 targeted target VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 56 decolonization decolonization NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 57 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 58 cardiac cardiac NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 59 surgery surgery NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 60 Preoperative Preoperative NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 61 bathing bathe VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 62 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 63 chlorhexidine chlorhexidine NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 64 reduces reduce VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 65 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 66 incidence incidence NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 67 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 68 surgical surgical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 69 site site NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 70 infections infection NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 71 after after IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 72 total total JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 73 knee knee NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 74 arthroplasty arthroplasty NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 75 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 76 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 77 meta meta JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 78 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 79 analysis analysis NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 80 Preoperative Preoperative NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 81 skin skin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 82 antiseptics antiseptic NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 83 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 84 preventing prevent VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 85 surgical surgical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 86 wound wound NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 87 infections infection NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 88 after after IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 89 clean clean JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 90 surgery surgery NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 91 Centers Centers NNPS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 92 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 93 Disease Disease NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 94 Control Control NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 95 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 96 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 97 guideline guideline NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 98 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 99 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 100 prevention prevention NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 101 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 102 surgical surgical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 103 site site NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 104 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 105 Chlorhexidine chlorhexidine NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 106 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 107 alcohol alcohol NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 108 versus versus IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 109 povidone povidone NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 110 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 111 iodine iodine NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 112 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 113 surgical surgical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 114 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 115 site site NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 250 116 antisepsis antisepsis NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 251 1 Frequent frequent JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 251 2 contamination contamination NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 251 3 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 251 4 nursing nursing NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 251 5 scrubs scrub NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 251 6 is be VBZ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 251 7 associated associate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 251 8 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 251 9 specific specific JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 251 10 care care NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 251 11 activities activity NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 251 12 Skin skin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 251 13 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 251 14 skin skin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 251 15 structure structure NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 251 16 infections infection NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 251 17 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 251 18 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 251 19 patient patient NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 251 20 at at IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 251 21 risk risk NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 251 22 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 251 23 carrier carrier NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 251 24 state state NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 251 25 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 251 26 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 251 27 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 252 1 Prolonged prolonged JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 252 2 outbreak outbreak NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 252 3 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 252 4 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 252 5 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 252 6 surgical surgical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 252 7 site site NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 252 8 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 252 9 traced trace VBD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 252 10 to to IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 252 11 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 252 12 healthcare healthcare NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 252 13 worker worker NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 252 14 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 252 15 psoriasis psoriasis NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 252 16 Global global JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 252 17 outbreak outbreak NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 252 18 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 252 19 severe severe JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 252 20 Mycobacterium Mycobacterium NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 252 21 chimaera chimaera NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 252 22 disease disease NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 252 23 after after IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 252 24 cardiac cardiac JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 252 25 surgery surgery NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 252 26 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 252 27 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 252 28 molecular molecular JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 252 29 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 252 30 study study NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 253 1 How how WRB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 253 2 long long RB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 253 3 do do VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 253 4 nosocomial nosocomial JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 253 5 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 253 6 persist persist VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 253 7 on on IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 253 8 inanimate inanimate JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 253 9 surfaces surface NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 253 10 ? ? . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 254 1 A a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 254 2 systematic systematic JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 254 3 review review NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 255 1 The the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 255 2 role role NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 255 3 played play VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 255 4 by by IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 255 5 contaminated contaminated JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 255 6 surfaces surface NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 255 7 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 255 8 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 255 9 transmission transmission NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 255 10 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 255 11 nosocomial nosocomial JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 255 12 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 1 Healthcare Healthcare NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 2 Environmental Environmental NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 3 Hygiene Hygiene NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 4 Study Study NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 5 G. G. NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 6 Identifying identify VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 7 opportunities opportunity NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 8 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 9 enhance enhance VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 10 environmental environmental JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 11 cleaning cleaning NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 12 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 13 23 23 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 14 acute acute JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 15 care care NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 16 hospitals hospital NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 17 Healthcare Healthcare NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 18 Environmental Environmental NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 19 Hygiene Hygiene NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 20 Study Study NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 21 G. G. NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 22 Intensive Intensive NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 23 care care NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 24 unit unit NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 25 environmental environmental JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 26 cleaning cleaning NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 27 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 28 an an DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 29 evaluation evaluation NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 30 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 31 sixteen sixteen CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 32 hospitals hospital NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 33 using use VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 34 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 35 novel novel JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 36 assessment assessment NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 37 tool tool NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 38 Comparison comparison NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 39 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 40 fluorescent fluorescent JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 41 marker marker NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 42 systems system NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 43 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 44 2 2 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 45 quantitative quantitative JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 46 methods method NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 47 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 48 assessing assess VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 49 terminal terminal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 50 cleaning cleaning NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 51 practices practice NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 52 Reduction Reduction NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 53 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 54 Clostridium clostridium NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 55 difficile difficile NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 56 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 57 vancomycin vancomycin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 58 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 59 resistant resistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 60 Enterococcus Enterococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 61 contamination contamination NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 62 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 63 environmental environmental JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 64 surfaces surface NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 65 after after IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 66 an an DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 67 intervention intervention NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 68 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 69 improve improve VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 70 cleaning cleaning NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 71 methods method NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 72 Monitoring monitor VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 73 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 74 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 75 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 76 hospital hospital NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 77 cleaning cleaning NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 78 practices practice NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 79 by by IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 80 use use NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 81 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 82 an an DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 83 adenosine adenosine NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 84 triphosphate triphosphate NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 85 bioluminescence bioluminescence NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 86 assay assay NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 87 Impact impact NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 88 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 89 an an DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 90 environmental environmental JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 91 cleaning cleaning NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 92 intervention intervention NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 93 on on IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 94 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 95 presence presence NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 96 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 97 methicillin methicillin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 98 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 99 resistant resistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 100 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 101 aureus aureus NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 102 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 103 vancomycin vancomycin NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 104 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 105 resistant resistant JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 106 enterococci enterococci NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 107 on on IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 108 surfaces surface NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 109 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 110 intensive intensive JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 111 care care NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 112 unit unit NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 256 113 rooms room NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 257 1 Improving improve VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 257 2 cleaning cleaning NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 257 3 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 257 4 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 257 5 environment environment NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 257 6 surrounding surround VBG cord-016426-aw3wirmb 257 7 patients patient NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 257 8 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 257 9 36 36 CD cord-016426-aw3wirmb 257 10 acute acute JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 257 11 care care NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 257 12 hospitals hospital NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 257 13 Antiseptics antiseptic NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 257 14 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 257 15 disinfectants disinfectant NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 257 16 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 257 17 activity activity NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 257 18 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 257 19 action action NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 257 20 , , , cord-016426-aw3wirmb 257 21 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 257 22 resistance resistance NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 257 23 Are be VBP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 257 24 room room NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 257 25 decontamination decontamination NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 257 26 units unit NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 257 27 needed need VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 257 28 to to TO cord-016426-aw3wirmb 257 29 prevent prevent VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 257 30 transmission transmission NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 257 31 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 257 32 environmental environmental JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 257 33 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 257 34 ? ? . cord-016426-aw3wirmb 258 1 Gaseous gaseous JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 258 2 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 258 3 air air NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 258 4 decontamination decontamination NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 258 5 technologies technology NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 258 6 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 258 7 Clostridium clostridium NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 258 8 difficile difficile NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 258 9 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 258 10 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 258 11 healthcare healthcare NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 258 12 environment environment NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 258 13 Room room NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 258 14 decontamination decontamination NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 258 15 with with IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 258 16 UV uv NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 258 17 radiation radiation NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 258 18 Effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 258 19 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 258 20 ultraviolet ultraviolet JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 258 21 devices device NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 258 22 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 258 23 hydrogen hydrogen NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 258 24 peroxide peroxide NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 258 25 systems system NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 258 26 for for IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 258 27 terminal terminal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 258 28 room room NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 258 29 decontamination decontamination NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 258 30 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 258 31 focus focus VB cord-016426-aw3wirmb 258 32 on on IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 258 33 clinical clinical JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 258 34 trials trial NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 258 35 Selection Selection NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 258 36 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 258 37 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 258 38 ideal ideal JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 258 39 disinfectant disinfectant NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 258 40 source source NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 258 41 and and CC cord-016426-aw3wirmb 258 42 prevention prevention NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 258 43 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 258 44 waterborne waterborne JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 258 45 healthcare healthcare NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 258 46 - - HYPH cord-016426-aw3wirmb 258 47 associated associate VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 258 48 infections infection NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 258 49 : : : cord-016426-aw3wirmb 258 50 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 258 51 review review NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 259 1 A a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 259 2 hot hot JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 259 3 water water NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 259 4 supply supply NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 259 5 as as IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 259 6 the the DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 259 7 source source NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 259 8 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 259 9 Legionella Legionella NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 259 10 pneumophila pneumophila NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 259 11 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 259 12 incubators incubator NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 259 13 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 259 14 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 259 15 neonatology neonatology NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 259 16 unit unit NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 259 17 First first JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 259 18 outbreak outbreak NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 259 19 of of IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 259 20 nosocomial nosocomial JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 259 21 Legionella Legionella NNP cord-016426-aw3wirmb 259 22 infection infection NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 259 23 in in IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 259 24 term term NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 259 25 neonates neonate NNS cord-016426-aw3wirmb 259 26 caused cause VBN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 259 27 by by IN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 259 28 a a DT cord-016426-aw3wirmb 259 29 cold cold JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 259 30 mist mist NN cord-016426-aw3wirmb 259 31 ultrasonic ultrasonic JJ cord-016426-aw3wirmb 259 32 humidifier humidifier NN