id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentences	flesch	summary	cache	txt
cord-286337-qk90xb3a	Hanada, Shigeo	Respiratory Viral Infection-Induced Microbiome Alterations and Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia	2018-11-16		.txt	text/plain	9806	436	22	While the effects of these alterations on risk of secondary bacterial pneumonia have not been studied, potential mechanisms by which these changes might modulate susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections include alterations in the nature and magnitude of the immune response in the host (microbiome on host effects) and facilitating growth of pathogens in the absence of normal commensals (inter-microbial effects). Given the effects of viruses on enhancing bacterial adherence to the epithelium (86) (87) (88) , it is perhaps not surprising that multiple studies of human subjects as well as in animal models have shown that viral infections are associated with increased colonization by potentially pathogenic bacteria (known as "pathobionts"). Another study of patients with 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza infection revealed that the predominant phyla of the upper respiratory tract (nasal and nasopharyngeal samples) in patients harboring pandemic H1N1 were Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria although normal controls were not included; however, the authors suggested that flu is associated with an expansion of Proteobacteria (109) which is generally less abundant in healthy hosts.	./cache/cord-286337-qk90xb3a.txt	./txt/cord-286337-qk90xb3a.txt