id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentences	flesch	summary	cache	txt
cord-025628-9611eglg	Bonagura, Vincent Robert	Infections that cause secondary immune deficiency	2020-05-29		.txt	text/plain	9996	570	36	Herein we discuss some of the secondary immune defects caused by select viruses (measles, influenza, HIV1, HTLV), parasites, (leishmania, malaria), and bacteria (Bordetella pertussis). In this chapter, we discuss how some microbes manipulate or, in the case of the human immune deficiency virus (HIV), exhaust protective innate and/or adaptive immunity, ultimately leading to severe microbial superinfections by other infectious organisms that cause significant morbidity and, on occasion, mortality from secondary infections. 74 While influenza-related mortality can in part be attributed to direct effects on the respiratory system, many of the deaths associated with IV infection are caused by increases in susceptibility to secondary bacterial pneumonia. Impaired function of HIV-infected macrophages and dendritic cells contributes to the failure of effective innate and adaptive immune responses to secondary infection. Taken together, HTLV induces cytotoxic T cells to kill virus-infected cells, alters CD4 þ T cell function and cytokine production and it decreases NK cell activation leading to susceptibility to subsequent disseminated parasitic infections.	./cache/cord-025628-9611eglg.txt	./txt/cord-025628-9611eglg.txt