Summary of your 'study carrel' ============================== This is a summary of your Distant Reader 'study carrel'. The Distant Reader harvested & cached your content into a collection/corpus. It then applied sets of natural language processing and text mining against the collection. The results of this process was reduced to a database file -- a 'study carrel'. The study carrel can then be queried, thus bringing light specific characteristics for your collection. These characteristics can help you summarize the collection as well as enumerate things you might want to investigate more closely. This report is a terse narrative report, and when processing is complete you will be linked to a more complete narrative report. Eric Lease Morgan Number of items in the collection; 'How big is my corpus?' ---------------------------------------------------------- 48 Average length of all items measured in words; "More or less, how big is each item?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20319 Average readability score of all items (0 = difficult; 100 = easy) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 46 Top 50 statistically significant keywords; "What is my collection about?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 48 infant 8 respiratory 8 infection 6 child 6 NEC 4 neonatal 4 NICU 3 virus 3 preterm 3 patient 2 und 2 study 2 result 2 outbreak 2 mit 2 milk 2 microbiota 2 intestinal 2 increase 2 human 2 group 2 feeding 2 factor 2 enterocolitis 2 disease 2 die 2 der 2 day 2 cell 2 case 2 care 2 bronchiolitis 2 breast 2 bei 2 Therapie 2 RSV 2 MRSA 2 ECMO 1 year 1 werden 1 weight 1 von 1 vitamin 1 ventilation 1 upper 1 treatment 1 transmission 1 tongue 1 term 1 severe Top 50 lemmatized nouns; "What is discussed?" --------------------------------------------- 4833 infant 2374 infection 2285 % 1933 child 1516 study 1343 milk 1311 patient 1035 disease 983 age 965 day 962 risk 903 virus 863 mother 850 breast 818 cell 780 group 754 birth 750 factor 733 case 708 neonate 693 care 685 year 674 treatment 645 sepsis 634 month 607 time 602 blood 599 transmission 584 level 562 feeding 549 rate 548 effect 535 result 502 weight 495 term 482 week 466 illness 449 use 448 response 441 dysfunction 438 therapy 435 development 434 hospital 433 outcome 428 breastfeeding 427 bronchiolitis 402 function 401 life 393 system 386 bone Top 50 proper nouns; "What are the names of persons or places?" -------------------------------------------------------------- 365 NEC 291 der 240 fl 209 NICU 199 RSV 198 al 183 et 181 S. 181 HIV 176 E. 174 mg 170 Salmonella 161 C. 151 kg 149 mit 143 Campylobacter 135 von 129 IgA 125 CMV 125 B 124 C 123 und 112 EPEC 111 fi 111 United 111 ICU 109 PCR 108 PH 105 ECMO 102 bei 101 States 100 II 98 SARS 97 jejuni 93 Hospital 88 Health 87 T 87 ARDS 87 A 86 Table 84 t 84 PICU 84 Escherichia 83 Fig 82 eine 79 zu 79 einer 79 GBS 78 s 78 RNA Top 50 personal pronouns nouns; "To whom are things referred?" ------------------------------------------------------------- 1018 it 572 we 438 they 344 i 143 them 71 he 52 she 29 you 25 one 19 itself 16 us 15 themselves 5 me 5 her 3 iga1 2 oneself 2 himself 2 him 2 herself 1 thee 1 s 1 ours 1 mg 1 m 1 il12rb1 1 il-1ra 1 em 1 bear-2001 1 ar)d Top 50 lemmatized verbs; "What do things do?" --------------------------------------------- 16160 be 3066 have 950 associate 907 use 808 include 749 increase 617 occur 554 do 534 show 453 compare 447 follow 446 develop 425 cause 408 find 391 report 376 die 375 require 375 decrease 368 feed 360 reduce 347 suggest 341 identify 327 demonstrate 306 receive 301 provide 300 treat 293 base 292 observe 288 result 277 consider 274 produce 271 relate 269 describe 261 bear 257 perform 253 necrotize 252 affect 249 improve 245 give 238 lead 234 see 226 remain 224 evaluate 222 prevent 217 determine 215 make 213 present 199 measure 199 appear 196 assess Top 50 lemmatized adjectives and adverbs; "How are things described?" --------------------------------------------------------------------- 1521 not 1218 respiratory 940 low 852 high 845 neonatal 782 human 761 other 755 more 690 clinical 667 also 579 early 530 most 518 such 503 severe 503 - 483 first 451 preterm 428 well 422 acute 392 only 377 viral 377 intestinal 376 common 372 maternal 367 less 360 however 358 significant 350 as 337 important 336 young 335 different 334 bacterial 320 immune 317 oral 316 positive 316 often 302 premature 297 intensive 289 specific 287 very 283 pulmonary 267 normal 266 present 263 newborn 259 small 259 pediatric 259 large 258 upper 247 significantly 240 possible Top 50 lemmatized superlative adjectives; "How are things described to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 127 most 86 least 58 Most 46 good 33 high 23 great 21 low 17 large 13 early 8 common 7 young 7 strong 6 small 4 bad 3 long 3 close 2 thick 2 late 2 hard 2 fast 2 deep 2 big 1 ~I 1 wide 1 simple 1 sick 1 short 1 poor 1 old 1 oflNO 1 near 1 multit 1 mild 1 lo9 1 light 1 hexose 1 gentle 1 full 1 easy 1 dry 1 broad 1 3~umg 1 -β 1 -SE Top 50 lemmatized superlative adverbs; "How do things do to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 403 most 60 least 16 well 2 youngest 1 oldest Top 50 Internet domains; "What Webbed places are alluded to in this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 www.cdc.gov 1 www2.aap.org 1 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov 1 www.comp.hkbu.edu.hk 1 www.bmj.com 1 www.aap.org 1 orcid.org 1 doi.org 1 creat 1 childdb.ca Top 50 URLs; "What is hyperlinked from this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------- 1 http://www2.aap.org/immunization/families/ 1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22547779 1 http://www.comp.hkbu.edu.hk/~xwan/median2mean 1 http://www.cdc.gov/handhygiene/ 1 http://www.cdc.gov/groupBstrep/guidelines/index.html 1 http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/permissions/ 1 http://www.aap.org/new/swinefl 1 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6929-4903 1 http://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-020-0792-y 1 http://creat 1 http://childdb.ca Top 50 email addresses; "Who are you gonna call?" ------------------------------------------------- 2 plakkal@gmail.com 2 drsindhusivanandan@gmail.com 2 draprakash1@gmail.com 1 thanigaipaeds@yahoo.com 1 support@bmj.com.visi 1 nallu_1234@yahoo.co.in 1 kozyrsky@ualberta.ca 1 drmangalabharathi@gmail.com 1 chitraandrew@gmail.com 1 angeline.sp@ktr.srmuniv.ac.in 1 picu@its.mew.edu 1 nicu-net@u.washington.edu Top 50 positive assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-noun?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 milk is not 7 infants were asymptomatic 6 infants did not 6 study did not 5 cells are present 5 child is old 5 infants are more 5 infection is not 5 milk has not 5 neonates is unknown 4 infants are not 4 infants is not 4 infection is more 4 infection is uncommon 4 levels were higher 4 mother is able 4 studies are not 4 study was not 3 children receive intensive 3 infant does not 3 infants had at 3 infants has not 3 infants receive full 3 infants requiring mechanical 3 infants were healthy 3 infants were significantly 3 infection occurs infrequently 3 infection was significantly 3 infections are asymptomatic 3 infections were more 3 levels were significantly 3 milk did not 3 milk was not 3 mother is not 3 mothers was not 3 patients had more 3 studies did not 2 % had clinical 2 % had diarrhea 2 % had fever 2 % had mucus 2 % used oral 2 % were asymptomatic 2 % were hypotensive 2 % were newborns 2 cells are capable 2 child is particularly 2 children are likely 2 children is usually 2 disease did not Top 50 negative assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-no|not-noun?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 milk is not available 3 mothers was not available 1 age demonstrated no newly 1 age has no significant 1 blood had no such 1 care are not uncommon 1 cells are not significantly 1 cells had no effect 1 child is not completely 1 children suggest no indication 1 days did not significantly 1 disease is not yet 1 feeding is not possible 1 infant is not closely 1 infant is not seriously 1 infant was no longer 1 infants are not able 1 infants are not breastfed 1 infants are not obligatory 1 infants had no illness 1 infants is not necessarily 1 infants is not only 1 infants received no pertussis 1 infants showed no transmission 1 infection does not fully 1 infection is not always 1 infection is not clinically 1 infection is not dependent 1 levels were not different 1 milk does not completely 1 milk is not necessary 1 milk is not recommended.249v250 1 milk is not significant 1 milk is not too 1 mother has no suspicious 1 mother is not contraindicated 1 mother is not routinely 1 mothers had no detectable 1 neonates are not well 1 patient had no cough 1 patient is not different 1 patients are not clear 1 patients had no indications 1 patients had no significant 1 sepsis is not well 1 studies are not available 1 studies are not helpful 1 studies are not useful 1 studies showing no difference 1 studies were not conclusive A rudimentary bibliography -------------------------- id = cord-266373-8wuvk5cz author = Burns, Katherine H. title = Nurturing visual social development in the NICU date = 2020-09-05 keywords = infant summary = doi = 10.1038/s41372-020-00813-w id = cord-008165-qwyddp69 author = Candy, David C.A. title = Role of micro-organisms in necrotizing enterocolitis date = 2006-12-24 keywords = enterocolitis; factor; infant summary = doi = 10.1016/s1084-2756(97)80032-2 id = cord-303322-d69o3z8d author = Chang, Anne B title = Randomized placebo-controlled trial on azithromycin to reduce the morbidity of bronchiolitis in Indigenous Australian infants: rationale and protocol date = 2011-04-14 keywords = australian; indigenous; infant; respiratory summary = Our randomised, placebo-controlled trial of azithromycin in Indigenous infants hospitalised with bronchiolitis is designed to determine whether it can reduce short-term (and potentially long-term) morbidity from respiratory illness in Australian Indigenous infants who are at high risk of developing chronic respiratory illness. Indigenous infants (aged ≤ 24-months, expected number = 200) admitted to one of two regional hospitals (Darwin, Northern Territory and Townsville, Queensland) with a clinical diagnosis of bronchiolitis and fulfilling inclusion criteria are randomised (allocation concealed) to either azithromycin (30 mg/kg/dose) or placebo administered once weekly for three doses. Indigenous infants (aged ≤ 24-months, expected number = 200) admitted to one of two regional hospitals (Darwin, Northern Territory and Townsville, Queensland) with a clinical diagnosis of bronchiolitis and fulfilling inclusion criteria are randomised (allocation concealed) to either azithromycin (30 mg/kg/dose) or placebo administered once weekly for three doses. doi = 10.1186/1745-6215-12-94 id = cord-016241-qom2rokn author = Chen, Long title = Post-Newborn: A New Concept of Period in Early Life date = 2013-12-06 keywords = disease; infant; post summary = doi = 10.1007/978-94-007-7618-0_143 id = cord-355292-n6sq2jz9 author = Chen, Yan title = Infants Born to Mothers With a New Coronavirus (COVID-19) date = 2020-03-16 keywords = covid-19; infant summary = A novel viral respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is responsible for an epidemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in cases in China and worldwide. Four full-term, singleton infants were born to pregnant women who tested positive for COVID-19 in the city of Wuhan, the capital of Hubei province, China, where the disease was first identified. The other infant was born by vaginal delivery to a mother experiencing fever (highest temperature 38.3 • C), with a diagnostically confirmed infection. Recently, a finding from nine other cases suggested that there is no evidence for intrauterine infection caused by vertical transmission in women who develop COVID-19 pneumonia in late pregnancy (1) . This case report describes the clinical course of four live born infants born to pregnant women with the COVID-19 infection. This case report describes the clinical course of four live born infants born to pregnant women with the COVID-19 infection. doi = 10.3389/fped.2020.00104 id = cord-010863-m36kxc4x author = Croop, Sarah E. W. title = The Golden Hour: a quality improvement initiative for extremely premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit date = 2019-11-11 keywords = NICU; infant summary = doi = 10.1038/s41372-019-0545-0 id = cord-018604-ua5h47jg author = Dersch-Mills, Deonne title = Assessment Considerations in Pediatric Patients date = 2018-12-28 keywords = child; dose; infant; medication summary = Pharmacists need to be aware of this variability and use every patient encounter as an opportunity for assessment of many aspects of medication including dose, formulation, administration, and indication. Infants and children also have physiological differences that need to be considered especially when assessing efficacy, toxicity, and the patient''s overall response to medications through physical exam or use of laboratory values. Lastly, a lack of appropriate medication formulations for children creates a requirement for pharmacists to specifically assess the formulations, measurement, and administration of pediatric medications. Until children are mature enough to provide this information themselves (note that this age varies depending on the child), parents and other caregivers are relied upon to provide an accurate history of the patient''s illness(s) and medication(s). Because of the lack of appropriate information in the product labeling, alternative data sources need to be accessed to assess the use of the medication in an infant or child. doi = 10.1007/978-3-030-11775-7_28 id = cord-323354-igzs1rdm author = Dornelles, Cristina T.L. title = Nutritional Status, Breastfeeding, and Evolution of Infants with Acute Viral Bronchiolitis date = 2007-09-17 keywords = breastfeeding; infant; length summary = doi = nan id = cord-330834-zqm4egei author = Drall, Kelsea M. title = Vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy and early infancy in relation to gut microbiota composition and C. difficile colonization: implications for viral respiratory infections date = 2020-08-11 keywords = infant; vitamin summary = doi = 10.1080/19490976.2020.1799734 id = cord-004657-kmluql8h author = Eibl, Martha M. title = Prophylaxis of necrotizing enterocolitis by oral IgA-IgG: Review of a clinical study in low birth weight infants and discussion of the pathogenic role of infection date = 1990 keywords = IgA; IgG; NEC; infant summary = doi = 10.1007/bf00918694 id = cord-014951-2931ep31 author = El Basha, Noussa R. title = Prematurity, a significant predictor for worse outcome in viral bronchiolitis: a comparative study in infancy date = 2019-03-22 keywords = infant; preterm summary = doi = 10.1186/s42506-019-0015-8 id = cord-288113-ex4yi28u author = Epalza, Cristina title = Role of Viral Molecular Panels in Diagnosing the Etiology of Fever in Infants Younger Than 3 Months date = 2019-11-09 keywords = SBI; infant; infection summary = doi = 10.1177/0009922819884582 id = cord-032806-o6p861ms author = Fenin, Audrey title = Very low birth weight infants receive full enteral nutrition within 2 postnatal weeks date = 2020-09-29 keywords = Epoch; day; infant summary = doi = 10.1038/s41372-020-00819-4 id = cord-314190-fvdock94 author = Florin, Todd A title = Viral bronchiolitis date = 2017-01-01 keywords = bronchiolitis; child; infant; respiratory; virus summary = doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)30951-5 id = cord-000285-7p3b6tyf author = HARTERT, Tina V. title = The Tennessee Children's Respiratory Initiative: Objectives, design and recruitment results of a prospective cohort study investigating infant viral respiratory illness and the development of asthma and allergic diseases date = 2010-04-08 keywords = asthma; infant; respiratory; study summary = doi = 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2010.01743.x id = cord-005774-7z6uyn6p author = Hammer, J. title = Infant lung function testing in the intensive care unit date = 1995 keywords = FRC; infant; lung; respiratory summary = doi = 10.1007/bf01704742 id = cord-021571-7kbq0v9w author = Heath, Joan A. title = Infections Acquired in the Nursery: Epidemiology and Control date = 2009-05-19 keywords = CDC; Control; NICU; care; hand; infant; infection; neonatal; nosocomial; outbreak; patient summary = The fact that a hand hygiene campaign was associated with increased hand hygiene compliance and a lower rate of CONS-positive cultures supports this ~ontention.''~ Enterococcus has been shown to account for 10% of total nosocomial infections in neonates, 6% to 15% of bloodstream infections, 0% to 5% of cases of pneumonia, 17% of urinary tract infections, and 9% of surgical site Sepsis and meningitis are common manifestations of enterococcal infection during NICU outbreak^''^,^^; however, polymicrobial bacteremia and NEC frequently accompany enterococcal sepsis.77 Identified risk factors for enterococcal sepsis, after adjustment for birth weight, include use of a nonumbilical CVC, prolonged presence of a CVC, and bowel resection?'' Because Enterococcus colonizes the gastrointestinal tract and can survive for long periods of time on inanimate surfaces, the patient''s environment may become contaminated and, along with the infant, serve as a reservoir for ongoing spread of the organism. doi = 10.1016/b0-72-160537-0/50037-2 id = cord-329022-0pymqxwq author = Hughes, Michelle M title = Population-Based Pertussis Incidence and Risk Factors in Infants Less Than 6 Months in Nepal date = 2017-03-01 keywords = Bordetella; infant; pertussis summary = doi = 10.1093/jpids/piw079 id = cord-009144-3slh1nbk author = Jacobs, J.W. title = RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL AND OTHER VIRUSES ASSOCIATED WITH RESPIRATORY DISEASE IN INFANTS date = 1971-05-01 keywords = infant; infection; virus summary = doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(71)92440-8 id = cord-022216-k4pi30sd author = Kliegman, Robert M. title = Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis date = 2009-05-15 keywords = NEC; enterocolitis; infant; intestinal; patient summary = doi = 10.1016/b978-0-7216-3924-6.50047-0 id = cord-022544-7jn4ns6x author = Lawrence, Robert M. title = Host-Resistance Factors and Immunologic Significance of Human Milk date = 2010-12-27 keywords = breast; cell; factor; human; immune; immunologic; infant; milk summary = The immunologically active components of breast milk make up an important aspect of the host defenses of the mammary gland in the mother; at the same time, they complement, supplement, and stimulate the ongoing development of the infant'' s immune system. A number of other long-term studies demonstrated greater protection from infection with increased exclusivity of breastfeeding and durations of at least 3 months.* A couple papers demonstrated a "dose" effect relative to decreased occurrence of late onset sepsis in very low-birth-weight infants 73 and premature infants 245 associated with the infants receiving at least 50 mL/kg per day of mother'' s milk compared with receiving other nutrition. Evidence shows that neutrophils found in human milk demonstrate signs of activation, including increased expression of CD11b (an adherence glycoprotein), decreased expression of L-selectin, spontaneous production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and the ability to transform into CD1 + dendritic cells (DCs). doi = 10.1016/b978-1-4377-0788-5.10005-7 id = cord-305085-bv7udg9k author = Lawrence, Robert M. title = Chapter 13 Transmission of Infectious Diseases Through Breast Milk and Breastfeeding date = 2011-12-31 keywords = CMV; HBV; HCV; HIV; HTLV; MRSA; Nile; West; breast; infant; infection; milk; mother; transmission summary = Postnatal exposure of susceptible infants to CMV, including premature infants without passively acquired maternal antibodies against CMV, infants born to CMV-seronegative mothers, and immunodeficient infants, can cause significant clinical illness (pneumonitis, hepatitis, thrombocytopenia).* In one study of premature infants followed up to 12 months, Vochem et al 430 found CMV transmission in 17 of 29 infants (59%) exposed to CMV virolactia and breastfed compared with no infants infected of 27 exposed to breast milk without CMV. 38, 104, 121 Laboratory reports demonstrate the presence of cell-free virus and cell-associated virus in breast milk as well as various immunologic factors that could block or limit infection.* A dose-response relationship has been observed, correlating the HIV viral load in human milk as well as a mother'' s plasma viral load with an increased transmission risk for the breastfed infant. 76 No case of transmission of yellow fever virus from an infected mother to her infant via breastfeeding or breast milk has been reported. doi = 10.1016/b978-1-4377-0788-5.10013-6 id = cord-265366-vmuqbpkk author = Leibowitz, Jill title = Comparison of Clinical and Epidemiologic Characteristics of Young Febrile Infants with and without SARS-CoV-2 Infection date = 2020-10-09 keywords = CoV-2; SARS; infant summary = doi = 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.10.002 id = cord-258778-er0ug8w4 author = Maayan-Metzger, Ayala title = Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Full-Term Infants: Case–Control Study and Review of the Literature date = 2004-07-01 keywords = NEC; infant summary = OBJECTIVE: To examine the increasing number of full-term infants at our hospital exhibiting necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in order to characterize these cases and to discover common risk factors. METHODS: Medical charts were reviewed for all full-term infants (gestational age > 36 weeks) that were born in our institution during a 5-year period (from January 1, 1998 to December 31, 2002) and that developed definite NEC. NEC in full-term infants is well documented, accounting for about 10% of babies with NEC; it usually involves babies with known risk factors, such as intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), birth asphyxia, congenital heart disease, gastroschisis, polycythemia, hypoglycemia, sepsis, exchange transfusion, umbilical lines, milk allergy, premature rupture of membranes with and without chorioamnionitis and gestational diabetes. The findings of the current study show that only half of these full-term infants with NEC exhibited known predisposing risk factors, including congenital heart disease, undiagnosed syndrome, birth asphyxia, intrauterine growth retardation and congenital hypothyroidism. doi = 10.1038/sj.jp.7211135 id = cord-296114-cyd9msls author = Mallol, J. title = Common cold decreases lung function in infants with recurrent wheezing date = 2009-11-27 keywords = URTI; infant summary = doi = 10.1016/j.aller.2009.10.001 id = cord-011257-d12cj9v5 author = McEvoy, Cindy T. title = Dose-escalation trial of budesonide in surfactant for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely low gestational age high-risk newborns (SASSIE) date = 2020-02-01 keywords = BPD; IL-8; infant summary = doi = 10.1038/s41390-020-0792-y id = cord-023721-e0zp2gux author = Meissner, H. Cody title = Bronchiolitis date = 2013-02-10 keywords = RSV; bronchiolitis; infant; respiratory; virus summary = doi = 10.1016/b978-1-4377-2702-9.00033-7 id = cord-337878-hiylqqie author = Namasivayam, Abirami title = Atypical case of COVID-19 in a critically unwell 5-week old infant date = 2020-09-14 keywords = COVID-19; case; infant summary = To our knowledge, he is the youngest reported case in the UK to require mechanical ventilation and intensive care treatment as a direct result of COVID-19 following horizontal transmission. 4 A larger nationwide study investigating 134 paediatric cases across China reported that 76% cases had fever, 64.9% cases presented as acute upper respiratory tract infection, 26.9% as mild pneumonia and 1.5% cases were critical; unfortunately, the specific age groups and comorbidities were not reported. At present there are few reports of paediatric patients requiring intensive care support with confirmed COVID-19. This case demonstrates the need for vigilance in considering COVID-19 infection in infants presenting with less discriminatory symptoms such as lethargy or reduced feeding. Dong et al report a case series of 2135 paediatric patients with confirmed and suspected coronavirus; infants (<1 year) were noted to be particularly vulnerable. doi = 10.1136/bcr-2020-237142 id = cord-332113-37g4regv author = Neu, Josef title = The Microbiome and Its Impact on Disease in the Preterm Patient date = 2013-10-01 keywords = NEC; infant; intestinal; microbiota summary = Although a commonly held belief is that the intestinal tract of the fetus is sterile, recent studies using a combination of culture and non-culture-based techniques suggest that many preterm infants are exposed to microbes found in the amniotic fluid, even without a history of rupture of membranes or culture-positive chorioamnionitis [10 • , 11] . Those infants born via C-section, fed formula milk and exposed to antibiotics have a decrease in diversity of intestinal microbiota and abnormal patterns of colonization with suppression of ''''healthy'''' bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria. [31] Since many mothers delivered by C-section also receive antibiotics, whether they have a role in perturbing the newborn intestinal microecology remains unknown but is a confounding factor when one evaluates the epidemiology studies showing atopic disease, type 1 diabetes and food allergies in C-section versus vaginally delivered infants. Studies in animals and premature infants have shown that human milk decreases the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) [32, 33] . doi = 10.1007/s40124-013-0031-7 id = cord-007036-gcdn13yc author = Nevez, Gilles title = Pneumocystis primary infection in infancy: Additional French data and review of the literature date = 2019-05-25 keywords = Pneumocystis; infant summary = doi = 10.1093/mmy/myz040 id = cord-018398-24pkhgn8 author = O'Riordan, Declan title = Neonatal Care and Data date = 2009 keywords = NICU; care; infant; newborn; premature summary = doi = 10.1007/978-0-387-76446-7_4 id = cord-023767-rcv4pl0d author = O’Ryan, Miguel L. title = Microorganisms Responsible for Neonatal Diarrhea date = 2009-05-19 keywords = Campylobacter; EAEC; EPEC; Escherichia; Salmonella; Shigella; States; United; cause; child; coli; diarrhea; human; infant; infection; neonatal; outbreak; rotavirus summary = coli may disappear completely from stools of breast-fed children during the ensuing weeks, this disappearance is believed to be related to factors present in the human milk rather than the gastric secretions.5~302~303 The use of breast-feeding or expressed human milk has even been effective in terminating nursery epidemics caused by EPEC 0 11 1:B4, probably by reducing the incidence of crossinfections among infants.3033304 Although dose-effect studies have not been performed among newborns, severe diarrhea has occurred after ingestion of 10'' EPEC organisms by very young The clinical syndrome is that of bloody, noninflammatory (sometimes voluminous) diarrhea that is distinct from febrile dysentery with fecal leukocytes seen in shigellosis or EIEC infection^.^^ Most cases of EHEC infections have been recognized in outbreaks of bloody diarrhea or HUS in daycare centers, schools, nursing homes, and c o m m~n i t i e s .~~~-~~~ Although EHEC infections often involve infants and young children, the frequency of this infection in neonates remains unclear; animal studies suggest that receptors for the Shiga toxin may be developmentally regulated and that susceptibility to disease may be age related. doi = 10.1016/b0-72-160537-0/50022-0 id = cord-007528-no92pmw0 author = Pineda, Roberta title = Preterm infant feeding performance at term equivalent age differs from that of full-term infants date = 2020-02-17 keywords = feeding; infant; term summary = doi = 10.1038/s41372-020-0616-2 id = cord-023942-vrs3je1x author = Powers, Karen S. title = Acute Pulmonary Infections date = 2011-12-16 keywords = MRSA; RSV; child; disease; infant; infection; pneumonia; respiratory summary = Acute lower respiratory infection is a common cause of morbidity in infants and children, and at times, requires intensive care and mechanical ventilation. Acute lower respiratory infection is a common cause of morbidity in infants and children, and at times, requires intensive care and mechanical ventilation. Viral bronchiolitis remains the leading cause for hospital admission in infancy and the most frequent cause of acute respiratory failure in children admitted to pediatric intensive care units in North America. In a study of hospitalized infants with congenital heart disease infected with RSV, 33% required intensive care, 19% received mechanical ventilation, and 3.4% died. In the 1990s, fi ve randomized trials involving 225 infants, evaluating the effect of nebulized adrenaline (epinephrine) on bronchiolitis showed clinical improvement, with reductions in oxygen requirement, respiratory rate, wheezing, and decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance. High incidence of pulmonary bacterial co-infection in children with severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis doi = 10.1007/978-0-85729-923-9_25 id = cord-279257-a7d9a2w1 author = Puig, Carme title = Incidence and risk factors of lower respiratory tract illnesses during infancy in a Mediterranean birth cohort date = 2008-07-09 keywords = LRTI; infant; respiratory summary = doi = 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2008.00939.x id = cord-269652-t7ghng17 author = Santos, Roberto Parulan title = A Practical Guide to the Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Neonatal Infections date = 2015-04-30 keywords = Committee; GBS; infant; infection; neonatal summary = doi = 10.1016/j.pcl.2014.11.010 id = cord-022448-ungitgh9 author = Sergueef, Nicette title = Clinical Conditions date = 2009-05-15 keywords = CMT; EOM; Fig; SBS; SCM; bone; cavity; child; cranial; dysfunction; infant; muscle; nasal; result; tongue; treatment; upper summary = Brachial plexus injury, fracture of the clavicle, pectus excavatum and carinatum, scoliosis, kyphosis and vertebral somatic dysfunctions are other commonly encountered conditions with structural and functional consequences that can be addressed with osteopathic manipulative treatment. Palpate the infant to identify membranous, myofascial and interosseous somatic dysfunction, particularly in the upper thoracic spine, pectoral girdle, cervico-occipital area and cranium (temporal bone, occiput, occipitomastoid suture and jugular foramen). Secondly, but concomitant with the above, the progressive fl exion of the cranial base, associated with the anteroposterior growth of the skull, contributes to positional changes of both the pterygoid processes, which become longer and more vertical, and the petrous portions of the temporal bones, which become externally rotated. Because of the relationships between the sympathetic nervous system and the upper thoracic spinal segments, the second and third cervical vertebrae, and between the parasympathetic nervous system and the sphenoid, maxilla or palatine bones, somatic dysfunction of any of these vertebral and cranial areas can result in dysfunction of the ANS with impact on nasal function. doi = 10.1016/b978-0-443-10352-0.50013-4 id = cord-010818-yz0gynn0 author = Soliman, Yasser title = Respiratory outcomes of late preterm infants of mothers with early and late onset preeclampsia date = 2019-09-24 keywords = infant; late; preterm summary = OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of early and late onset preeclampsia (EOPE, LOPE, respectively) on outcomes of late preterm infants. The objective of our study was to investigate the effects of early and late onset preeclampsia on the outcomes of late preterm infants, with the primary objective being respiratory outcomes. Late preterm infants born between 34 +0 and 36 +6 gestation to a mother with early onset preeclampsia between January 2014 and July 2015 were included in the study. Gouyon et al., using a large cohort from France, reported higher risk of severe respiratory morbidity, in late preterm infants of mothers with hypertensive disorder of pregnancy [9] . Respiratory morbidity, defined by the need for oxygen, CPAP or mechanical ventilation was higher at each gestational age in infants of hypertensive mothers but reached statistical significance only at 37 weeks. compared outcomes of late preterm infants of mothers with preeclampsia, gestational hypertension and normotensive pregnancies in a large cohort from the Netherlands [25] . doi = 10.1038/s41372-019-0497-4 id = cord-338575-c04xxo8d author = Stuebe, Alison title = Should Infants Be Separated from Mothers with COVID-19? First, Do No Harm date = 2020-05-01 keywords = infant summary = doi = 10.1089/bfm.2020.29153.ams id = cord-346214-8ev9w4ko author = Unger, Sharon title = Gut microbiota of the very-low-birth-weight infant date = 2014-10-13 keywords = GIT; NEC; VLBW; infant; microbiota summary = Colonization of the GIT is perturbed by a number of factors prevalent among VLBW infants including: cesarean delivery, antibiotics (mother or infant), prolonged rupture of the membranes, parenteral feeding, delayed enteral feeding, slower GIT transit time, gestational age, birth weight, living in a populated neonatal intensive care unit with an enriched pathogen load, and lack of exposure to mother''s skin and breast milk microbiome (1, (3) (4) (5) (6) 13, (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) . There appear to be significant differences in the composition of the intestinal microbiota of preterm compared to term infants, with decreased bacterial diversity, increased pathogens potentially related to NEC, and a surprising increase in eukaryotic and viral diversity (3,6,23-30). The differences in colonization of human milk-fed compared with formula-fed infants are believed due, in part, to breast milk inoculating the GIT with its own rich microbiome and abundant source of oligosaccharides that selectively stimulate the growth and/or activity of beneficial bacteria (40, 41) . doi = 10.1038/pr.2014.162 id = cord-011688-8g0p3vtm author = Wang, Ting-Ting title = Perinatal risk factors for pulmonary hemorrhage in extremely low-birth-weight infants date = 2019-11-04 keywords = infant; risk summary = doi = 10.1007/s12519-019-00322-7 id = cord-010848-090yk40o author = Wang, Yan title = Continuous feeding versus intermittent bolus feeding for premature infants with low birth weight: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials date = 2019-10-28 keywords = feeding; infant; weight summary = doi = 10.1038/s41430-019-0522-x id = cord-022592-g7rmzsv5 author = Wynn, James L. title = Pathophysiology of Neonatal Sepsis date = 2016-07-06 keywords = PMN; cell; increase; infant; infection; neonatal; neonate; response; sepsis summary = 14, 15, [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] Prematurity, low birth weight (especially infants weighing less than 1,000 g), male sex, a maternal vaginal culture positive for group B streptococcus (GBS), prolonged rupture of membranes, maternal intrapartum fever, and chorioamnionitis are strongly associated with an increased risk for early-onset sepsis. In addition to the initial inflammatory response including complement activation, molecular detection of PAMPs promotes IL-1β and IL-6 production, which in turn increases the production of multiple other innate proteins that possess valuable immune function and serve to reduce pathogen load. Very low birth weight preterm infants with early onset neonatal sepsis: the predominance of gram-negative infections continues in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network Very low birth weight preterm infants with early onset neonatal sepsis: the predominance of gram-negative infections continues in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network doi = 10.1016/b978-0-323-35214-7.00152-9 id = cord-005646-xhx9pzhj author = nan title = 2nd World Congress on Pediatric Intensive Care 1996 Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 23–26 June 1996 Abstracts of Oral Presentations, Posters and Nursing Programme date = 1996 keywords = ARDS; CPB; Care; Children; ECMO; Hospital; ICU; Intensive; PICU; Pediatric; Unit; age; blood; case; child; conclusion; day; failure; group; high; hour; increase; infant; level; mean; method; patient; prism; pulmonary; respiratory; result; severe; study; ventilation; year summary = Aims and methods The aim of both a prospective and retrospective survey conducted in German pediatric intensive care units in 1993 was to accumulate data on the epidemiology, risk factors, natural history and treatment strategies in a large group of pediatric ARDS patients who were treated in the tt~ee year period from 1991 to 1993.All patients had acute bilateral alveolar infiltration of noncardiogenic origin and a pO2~iO2 ratio < 150mmHg. The influence of sex, underlying disease and single organ failure was analyzed using the Fischer''s exact test, the influence of additional organ failure on mortality was tested with the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszet statistics. doi = 10.1007/bf02316512 id = cord-014673-bb59z38j author = nan title = Abstracts 2019 der GNPI und DGPI: 45. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Neonatologie und Pädiatrische Intensivmedizin gemeinsam mit der 27. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Infektiologie, 23.–25. Mai 2019, Leipzig date = 2019-05-20 keywords = CBMΦ; Eltern; Neugeborenen; Therapie; auf; bei; der; die; eine; für; infant; mit; und; von; werden summary = Schlussfolgerung: Die aktuelle Studie zeigt, dass die Zebrafischlarve unter Zuhilfenahme innovativer mikroskopischer Technologien ein gutes Tier-Im Rahmen der europäischen ALBINO Studie wird die neuroprotektive Wirkung von Allopurinol bei Neugeborenen mit schwerer perinataler Aspyhxie zusätzlich zur Hypothermiebehandlung geprüft. They provide daily reference weights from birth to 42 weeks of postmenstrual age (PMA) Objective: The study aims to: 1) compare observed deviations of weight (∆W) from the GTC trajectory between cohorts and 2) analyze relationships between ∆W and short-term outcomes. Design/Methods: International multicohort study, including infants with a gestational age (GA) from 22 to 33 weeks with weekly or daily weight data from eight local cohorts (Austria, Germany, Sweden, Australia, Canada, USA) and the German Neonatal Network (birth weight (BW), 35 weeks PMA, discharge) during 2001 to 2017. Ein Säugling mit 3500 g und einer Compliance von 1,0 ml/mbar muss für 6 Background: We report on the latest progress made in the development of a lung assist device in the artificial placenta configuration. doi = 10.1007/s00112-019-0700-x id = cord-015172-hya08ch9 author = nan title = Abstracts der 41. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Neonatologie und Pädiatrische Intensivmedizin date = 2015-05-20 keywords = Adaptationsphase; ECMO; Frühgeborenen; IVH; Therapie; bei; der; die; infant; mit; und summary = doi = 10.1007/s00112-015-3359-y id = cord-253520-phtmgy6g author = nan title = Vaccination schedule for infants and COVID-19 date = 2020-05-23 keywords = infant summary = authors: nan title: Vaccination schedule for infants and COVID-19 Many parents have cancelled vaccination appointments for their infants as well as their older children. Fear of contagion in waiting rooms, doubts about the effects of vaccination on immunity in a pandemic period, and then containment, has led to a sharp decrease in vaccinations, mainly in infants. On April 1, 2020, the French Health Authority issued an opinion so that the vaccination schedule would not be delayed. The EPI-PHARE report on the use of city drugs during the Covid-19 period reveals that penta and hexavalent vaccines for infants have fallen by 23% and that deliveries of MMR and HPV vaccines have dropped by 50 to 70% during the last two weeks of March 2020 [1] . Infants must imperatively be vaccinated from the 2nd month, in order to acquire an effective protection as soon as possible against frequent and serious diseases at this age, particularly Usage des médicaments de ville en France durant l''épidémie de Covid-19 -point de situation à la fin mars 2020 doi = 10.1016/j.banm.2020.05.078 id = cord-286479-p9d78t6v author = nan title = NeoCORE Conference Abstracts date = 2020-07-09 keywords = NEC; NICU; Neonatology; group; infant; preterm summary = doi = 10.1007/s12098-020-03376-y