id sid tid token lemma pos cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1 1 key key NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1 2 : : : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 2 1 cord-338307-vfutmwxq cord-338307-vfutmwxq NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 3 1 authors author NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 3 2 : : : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 3 3 Sturman Sturman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 3 4 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 3 5 Lawrence Lawrence NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 3 6 S. S. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 3 7 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 3 8 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 3 9 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 3 10 Kathryn Kathryn NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 3 11 V. V. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 3 12 title title NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 3 13 : : : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 3 14 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 3 15 Molecular Molecular NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 3 16 Biology Biology NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 3 17 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 3 18 Coronaviruses Coronaviruses NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 3 19 date date NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 3 20 : : : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 3 21 1983 1983 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 3 22 - - SYM cord-338307-vfutmwxq 3 23 12 12 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 3 24 - - SYM cord-338307-vfutmwxq 3 25 31 31 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 3 26 journal journal NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 3 27 : : : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 3 28 Advances advance NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 3 29 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 3 30 Virus Virus NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 3 31 Research Research NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 3 32 DOI DOI NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 3 33 : : : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 3 34 10.1016 10.1016 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 3 35 / / SYM cord-338307-vfutmwxq 3 36 s0065 s0065 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 3 37 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 3 38 3527(08)60721 3527(08)60721 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 3 39 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 3 40 6 6 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 3 41 sha sha NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 3 42 : : : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 3 43 45d70772bdf3ab4faa9fe6085aa92fb35af5b109 45d70772bdf3ab4faa9fe6085aa92fb35af5b109 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 3 44 doc_id doc_id CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 3 45 : : : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 3 46 338307 338307 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 3 47 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 3 48 : : : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 4 1 vfutmwxq vfutmwxq NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 5 1 Publisher Publisher NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 5 2 Summary Summary NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 5 3 Coronaviruses Coronaviruses NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 5 4 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 5 5 recently recently RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 5 6 emerged emerge VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 5 7 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 5 8 an an DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 5 9 important important JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 5 10 group group NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 5 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 5 12 animal animal NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 5 13 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 5 14 human human JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 5 15 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 5 16 that that WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 5 17 share share VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 5 18 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 5 19 distinctive distinctive JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 5 20 replicative replicative JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 5 21 cycle cycle NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 5 22 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 6 1 Some some DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 6 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 6 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 6 4 unique unique JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 6 5 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 6 6 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 6 7 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 6 8 replication replication NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 6 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 6 10 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 6 11 include include VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 6 12 generation generation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 6 13 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 6 14 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 6 15 3 3 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 6 16 ' ' `` cord-338307-vfutmwxq 6 17 coterminal coterminal RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 6 18 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 6 19 nested nest VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 6 20 set set NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 6 21 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 6 22 five five CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 6 23 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 6 24 six six CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 6 25 subgenomic subgenomic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 6 26 mRNAs mRNAs NNPS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 6 27 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 6 28 each each DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 6 29 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 6 30 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 6 31 appears appear VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 6 32 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 6 33 direct direct VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 6 34 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 6 35 synthesis synthesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 6 36 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 6 37 one one CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 6 38 protein protein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 6 39 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 7 1 Two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 7 2 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 7 3 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 7 4 specific specific JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 7 5 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 7 6 polymerase polymerase NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 7 7 activities activity NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 7 8 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 7 9 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 7 10 identified identify VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 7 11 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 8 1 Many many JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 8 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 8 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 8 4 distinctive distinctive JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 8 5 features feature NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 8 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 8 7 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 8 8 infection infection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 8 9 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 8 10 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 8 11 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 8 12 induced induce VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 8 13 diseases disease NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 8 14 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 8 15 result result VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 8 16 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 8 17 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 8 18 properties property NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 8 19 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 8 20 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 8 21 two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 8 22 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 8 23 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 8 24 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 9 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 9 2 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 9 3 budding budding NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 9 4 site site NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 9 5 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 9 6 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 9 7 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 9 8 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 9 9 important important JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 9 10 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 9 11 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 9 12 establishment establishment NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 9 13 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 9 14 maintenance maintenance NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 9 15 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 9 16 persistent persistent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 9 17 infections infection NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 9 18 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 9 19 appears appear VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 9 20 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 9 21 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 9 22 due due JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 9 23 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 9 24 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 9 25 restricted restricted JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 9 26 intracytoplasmic intracytoplasmic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 9 27 migration migration NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 9 28 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 9 29 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 9 30 E1 e1 NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 9 31 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 9 32 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 9 33 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 9 34 acts act VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 9 35 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 9 36 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 9 37 matrix matrix NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 9 38 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 9 39 like like JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 9 40 transmembrane transmembrane NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 9 41 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 9 42 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 10 1 E1 E1 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 10 2 also also RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 10 3 exhibits exhibit VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 10 4 distinctive distinctive JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 10 5 behavior behavior NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 10 6 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 10 7 self self NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 10 8 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 10 9 aggregating aggregate VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 10 10 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 10 11 heating heating NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 10 12 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 10 13 100 100 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 10 14 ° ° NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 10 15 C c NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 10 16 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 10 17 sodium sodium NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 11 1 dodecyl dodecyl NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 11 2 sulfate sulfate NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 11 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 11 4 SDS SDS NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 11 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 11 6 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 11 7 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 11 8 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 11 9 interaction interaction NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 11 10 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 11 11 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 11 12 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 11 13 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 11 14 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 11 15 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 11 16 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 12 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 12 2 E1 e1 NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 12 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 12 4 mouse mouse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 12 5 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 12 6 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 12 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 12 8 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 12 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 12 10 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 12 11 an an DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 12 12 O o NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 12 13 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 12 14 linked link VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 12 15 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 12 16 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 12 17 unlike unlike IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 12 18 most most JJS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 12 19 other other JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 12 20 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 12 21 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 12 22 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 13 1 Thus thus RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 13 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 13 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 13 4 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 13 5 system system NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 13 6 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 13 7 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 13 8 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 13 9 useful useful JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 13 10 model model NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 13 11 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 13 12 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 13 13 study study NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 13 14 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 13 15 synthesis synthesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 13 16 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 13 17 glycosylation glycosylation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 13 18 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 13 19 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 13 20 transport transport NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 13 21 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 13 22 O o NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 13 23 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 13 24 linked link VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 13 25 cellular cellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 13 26 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 13 27 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 14 1 This this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 14 2 contribution contribution NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 14 3 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 14 4 dedicated dedicate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 14 5 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 14 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 14 7 memory memory NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 14 8 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 14 9 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 14 10 colleague colleague NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 14 11 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 14 12 friend friend NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 14 13 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 14 14 Frederik Frederik NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 14 15 Bang Bang NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 14 16 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 14 17 who who WP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 14 18 uncovered uncover VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 14 19 some some DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 14 20 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 14 21 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 14 22 most most RBS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 14 23 intriguing intriguing JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 14 24 questions question NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 14 25 about about IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 14 26 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 14 27 biology biology NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 14 28 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 14 29 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 14 30 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 15 1 Beginning begin VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 15 2 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 15 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 15 4 discovery discovery NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 15 5 that that WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 15 6 mouse mouse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 15 7 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 15 8 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 15 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 15 10 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 15 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 15 12 could could MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 15 13 grow grow VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 15 14 in in RP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 15 15 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 15 16 destroy destroy VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 15 17 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 15 18 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 15 19 culture culture NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 15 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 15 21 Bang Bang NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 15 22 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 15 23 Warwick Warwick NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 15 24 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 15 25 1959 1959 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 15 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 15 27 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 15 28 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 15 29 macrophage macrophage NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 15 30 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 15 31 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 15 32 uitro uitro NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 15 33 reflected reflect VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 15 34 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 15 35 genetic genetic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 15 36 determinant determinant NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 15 37 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 15 38 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 15 39 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 15 40 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 15 41 mouse mouse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 15 42 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 15 43 Bang Bang NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 15 44 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 15 45 Warwick Warwick NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 15 46 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 15 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 15 48 1960 1960 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 15 49 ; ; . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 16 1 Kantoch Kantoch NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 16 2 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 16 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 16 4 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 16 5 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 16 6 1963 1963 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 16 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 16 8 constructed construct VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 16 9 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 16 10 simple simple JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 16 11 model model NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 16 12 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 16 13 explain explain VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 16 14 genetic genetic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 16 15 resistance resistance NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 16 16 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 16 17 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 16 18 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 16 19 this this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 16 20 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 16 21 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 17 1 For for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 17 2 more more JJR cord-338307-vfutmwxq 17 3 than than IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 17 4 two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 17 5 decades decade NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 17 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 17 7 Bang Bang NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 17 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 17 9 1978 1978 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 17 10 Bang Bang NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 17 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 17 12 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 17 13 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 17 14 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 17 15 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 17 16 colleagues colleague NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 17 17 explored explore VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 17 18 genetic genetic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 17 19 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 17 20 environmental environmental JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 17 21 aspects aspect NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 17 22 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 17 23 host host NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 17 24 resistance resistance NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 17 25 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 17 26 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 17 27 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 17 28 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 17 29 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 17 30 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 17 31 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 17 32 effects effect NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 17 33 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 17 34 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 17 35 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 17 36 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 17 37 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 18 1 At at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 18 2 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 18 3 Wurzburg Wurzburg NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 18 4 Symposium Symposium NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 18 5 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 18 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 18 7 Biochemistry Biochemistry NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 18 8 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 18 9 Biology Biology NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 18 10 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 18 11 Coronaviruses Coronaviruses NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 18 12 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 18 13 1980 1980 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 18 14 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 18 15 Dr. Dr. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 18 16 Bang Bang NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 18 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 18 18 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 18 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 18 20 recounted recount VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 18 21 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 18 22 changes change NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 18 23 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 18 24 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 18 25 thinking thinking NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 18 26 about about IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 18 27 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 18 28 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 18 29 host host NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 18 30 resistance resistance NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 18 31 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 18 32 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 18 33 many many JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 18 34 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 18 35 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 18 36 conclusions conclusion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 18 37 drawn draw VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 18 38 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 18 39 earlier early JJR cord-338307-vfutmwxq 18 40 experiments experiment NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 18 41 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 18 42 reinterpreted reinterpret VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 18 43 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 18 44 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 18 45 light light NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 18 46 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 18 47 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 18 48 findings finding NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 18 49 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 19 1 As as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 19 2 always always RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 19 3 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 19 4 he -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 19 5 spoke speak VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 19 6 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 19 7 humility humility NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 19 8 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 19 9 humor humor NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 19 10 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 19 11 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 19 12 displayed display VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 19 13 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 19 14 distinctive distinctive JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 19 15 interest interest NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 19 16 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 19 17 host host NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 19 18 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 19 19 parasite parasite NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 19 20 interrelations interrelation NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 19 21 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 20 1 Unfortunately unfortunately RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 20 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 20 3 that that DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 20 4 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 20 5 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 20 6 last last JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 20 7 opportunity opportunity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 20 8 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 20 9 address address VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 20 10 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 20 11 colleagues colleague NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 20 12 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 20 13 this this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 20 14 rapidly rapidly RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 20 15 expanding expand VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 20 16 field field NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 20 17 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 21 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 21 2 shall shall MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 21 3 miss miss VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 21 4 him -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 21 5 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 21 6 _SP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 22 1 Coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 22 2 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 22 3 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 22 4 known know VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 22 5 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 22 6 although although IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 22 7 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 22 8 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 22 9 that that DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 22 10 name name NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 22 11 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 22 12 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 22 13 almost almost RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 22 14 five five CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 22 15 decades decade NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 22 16 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 23 1 This this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 23 2 previously previously RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 23 3 unrecognized unrecognized JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 23 4 group group NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 23 5 emerged emerge VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 23 6 during during IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 23 7 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 23 8 1960s 1960 NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 23 9 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 23 10 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 23 11 aftermath aftermath NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 23 12 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 23 13 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 23 14 discovery discovery NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 23 15 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 23 16 several several JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 23 17 new new JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 23 18 human human JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 23 19 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 23 20 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 23 21 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 24 1 Avian avian JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 24 2 infectious infectious JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 24 3 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 24 4 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 24 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 24 6 IBV IBV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 24 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 24 8 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 24 9 mouse mouse NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 24 10 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 24 11 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 24 12 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 24 13 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 24 14 some some DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 24 15 newly newly RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 24 16 described describe VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 24 17 human human JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 24 18 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 24 19 viruses virus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 24 20 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 24 21 noted note VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 24 22 t t NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 24 23 o o UH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 24 24 have have VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 24 25 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 24 26 similar similar JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 24 27 appearance appearance NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 24 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 24 29 Almeida Almeida NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 24 30 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 24 31 Tyrrell Tyrrell NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 24 32 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 24 33 1967 1967 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 24 34 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 24 35 McIntosh McIntosh NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 24 36 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 24 37 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 24 38 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 25 1 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 25 2 196713 196713 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 25 3 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 25 4 Becker Becker NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 25 5 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 25 6 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 25 7 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 25 8 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 25 9 1967 1967 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 25 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 25 11 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 26 1 In in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 26 2 contrast contrast NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 26 3 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 26 4 myxoviruses myxoviruses NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 26 5 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 26 6 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 26 7 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 26 8 they -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 26 9 had have VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 26 10 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 26 11 previously previously RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 26 12 compared compare VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 27 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 27 2 Berry Berry NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 27 3 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 27 4 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 27 5 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 27 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 27 7 1964 1964 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 27 8 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 27 9 Mallucci Mallucci NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 27 10 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 27 11 1965 1965 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 27 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 28 1 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 28 2 these these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 28 3 viruses virus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 28 4 displayed display VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 28 5 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 28 6 characteristic characteristic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 28 7 fringe fringe NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 28 8 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 28 9 large large JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 28 10 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 28 11 distinctive distinctive JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 28 12 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 28 13 petal petal NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 28 14 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 28 15 shaped shape VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 28 16 peplomers peplomer NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 28 17 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 28 18 spikes spike NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 28 19 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 28 20 resembled resemble VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 28 21 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 28 22 crown crown NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 28 23 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 28 24 like like IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 28 25 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 28 26 corona corona NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 28 27 spinarum spinarum NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 28 28 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 28 29 religious religious JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 28 30 art art NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 28 31 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 28 32 hence hence RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 28 33 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 28 34 name name NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 28 35 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 28 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 29 1 Fig Fig NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 29 2 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 29 3 1A 1a NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 29 4 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 29 5 Tyrrell Tyrrell NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 29 6 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 29 7 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 29 8 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 29 9 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 29 10 1968 1968 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 29 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 29 12 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 30 1 In in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 30 2 addition addition NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 30 3 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 30 4 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 30 5 morphological morphological JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 30 6 similarities similarity NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 30 7 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 30 8 some some DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 30 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 30 10 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 30 11 human human JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 30 12 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 30 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 30 14 HCV HCV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 30 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 30 16 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 30 17 noted note VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 30 18 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 30 19 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 30 20 antigenically antigenically RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 30 21 related relate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 30 22 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 30 23 MHV mhv NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 31 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 31 2 Tyrrell Tyrrell NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 31 3 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 31 4 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 31 5 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 31 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 31 7 1968 1968 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 31 8 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 31 9 McIntosh McIntosh NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 31 10 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 31 11 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 31 12 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 31 13 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 31 14 1969 1969 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 32 1 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 32 2 Bradburne Bradburne NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 32 3 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 32 4 1970 1970 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 32 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 32 6 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 33 1 Between between IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 33 2 1968 1968 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 33 3 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 33 4 1974 1974 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 33 5 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 33 6 research research NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 33 7 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 33 8 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 33 9 emphasized emphasize VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 33 10 morphologic morphologic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 33 11 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 33 12 immunologic immunologic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 33 13 relationships relationship NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 33 14 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 33 15 comparative comparative JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 33 16 biology biology NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 33 17 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 34 1 Several several JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 34 2 new new JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 34 3 viruses virus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 34 4 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 34 5 added add VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 34 6 t t NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 34 7 o o NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 35 1 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 35 2 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 35 3 group group NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 35 4 : : : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 35 5 porcine porcine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 35 6 transmissible transmissible JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 35 7 gastroenteritis gastroenteritis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 35 8 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 35 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 35 10 TGEV TGEV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 35 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 35 12 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 35 13 porcine porcine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 35 14 hemagglutinating hemagglutinate VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 35 15 encephalomyelitis encephalomyelitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 35 16 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 35 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 35 18 HEW HEW NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 35 19 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 35 20 rat rat NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 35 21 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 35 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 35 23 RCV RCV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 35 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 35 25 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 35 26 sialodacryoadenitis sialodacryoadenitis NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 35 27 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 35 28 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 35 29 rats rat NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 35 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 35 31 SDAV SDAV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 35 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 35 33 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 35 34 turkey turkey NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 35 35 bluecomb bluecomb NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 35 36 disease disease NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 35 37 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 35 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 35 39 TCV TCV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 35 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 35 41 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 35 42 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 35 43 neonatal neonatal JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 35 44 bovine bovine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 35 45 diarrhea diarrhea NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 35 46 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 35 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 35 48 BCV BCV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 35 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 35 50 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 36 1 A a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 36 2 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 36 3 review review NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 36 4 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 36 5 McIntosh McIntosh NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 36 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 36 7 1974 1974 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 36 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 36 9 provides provide VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 36 10 an an DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 36 11 excellent excellent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 36 12 overview overview NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 36 13 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 36 14 early early JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 36 15 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 36 16 research research NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 36 17 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 37 1 In in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 37 2 1975 1975 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 37 3 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 37 4 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 37 5 International International NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 37 6 Committee Committee NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 37 7 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 37 8 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 37 9 Taxonomy Taxonomy NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 37 10 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 37 11 Viruses Viruses NNPS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 37 12 approved approve VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 37 13 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 37 14 creation creation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 37 15 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 37 16 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 37 17 new new JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 37 18 family family NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 37 19 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 37 20 Coronaviridae Coronaviridae NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 37 21 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 37 22 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 37 23 one one CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 37 24 genus genus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 37 25 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 37 26 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 37 27 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 38 1 Additional additional JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 38 2 species specie NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 38 3 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 38 4 added add VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 38 5 later later RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 38 6 including include VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 38 7 canine canine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 38 8 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 38 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 38 10 CCV CCV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 38 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 38 12 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 38 13 feline feline JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 38 14 infectious infectious JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 38 15 peritonitis peritonitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 38 16 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 38 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 38 18 FIPV FIPV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 38 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 38 20 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 38 21 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 38 22 human human JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 38 23 enteric enteric JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 38 24 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 38 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 38 26 HECV HECV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 38 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 39 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 39 2 Tyrrell Tyrrell NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 39 3 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 39 4 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 39 5 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 39 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 39 7 1978 1978 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 39 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 39 9 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 39 10 rabbit rabbit NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 39 11 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 40 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 40 2 Small Small NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 40 3 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 40 4 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 40 5 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 41 1 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 41 2 1979 1979 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 41 3 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 41 4 LaPierre LaPierre NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 41 5 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 41 6 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 41 7 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 41 8 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 41 9 1980 1980 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 41 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 41 11 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 41 12 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 41 13 several several JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 41 14 others other NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 41 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 41 16 reviewed review VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 41 17 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 41 18 Wege Wege NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 41 19 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 41 20 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 41 21 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 41 22 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 41 23 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 41 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 41 25 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 42 1 Table table NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 42 2 I -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 42 3 shows show VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 42 4 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 42 5 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 42 6 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 42 7 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 42 8 natural natural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 42 9 hosts host NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 42 10 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 42 11 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 42 12 major major JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 42 13 diseases disease NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 42 14 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 42 15 they -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 42 16 induce induce VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 42 17 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 43 1 Clearly clearly RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 43 2 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 43 3 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 43 4 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 43 5 important important JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 43 6 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 43 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 43 8 man man NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 43 9 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 43 10 domestic domestic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 43 11 animals animal NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 43 12 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 44 1 Timely timely JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 44 2 reviews review NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 44 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 44 4 several several JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 44 5 aspects aspect NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 44 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 44 7 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 44 8 biology biology NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 44 9 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 44 10 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 44 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 44 12 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 44 13 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 44 14 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 44 15 published publish VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 44 16 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 44 17 Virelizier Virelizier NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 44 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 44 19 19811 19811 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 44 20 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 44 21 Macnaughton Macnaughton NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 44 22 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 44 23 Davies Davies NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 44 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 44 25 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 44 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 44 27 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 44 28 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 45 1 During during IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 45 2 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 45 3 past past JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 45 4 several several JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 45 5 years year NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 45 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 45 7 substantial substantial JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 45 8 progress progress NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 45 9 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 45 10 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 45 11 made make VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 45 12 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 45 13 understanding understand VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 45 14 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 45 15 structure structure NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 45 16 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 45 17 replication replication NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 45 18 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 45 19 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 45 20 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 46 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 46 2 Symposium Symposium NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 46 3 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 46 4 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 46 5 Biochemistry Biochemistry NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 46 6 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 46 7 Biology Biology NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 46 8 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 46 9 Coronaviruses Coronaviruses NNPS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 46 10 held hold VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 46 11 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 46 12 Wurzburg Wurzburg NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 46 13 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 46 14 October October NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 46 15 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 46 16 1980 1980 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 46 17 dramatized dramatize VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 46 18 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 46 19 emergence emergence NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 46 20 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 46 21 exciting exciting JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 46 22 frontiers frontier NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 46 23 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 46 24 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 46 25 research research NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 46 26 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 47 1 Siddell Siddell NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 47 2 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 47 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 47 4 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 48 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 48 2 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 48 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 48 4 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 48 5 written write VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 48 6 an an DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 48 7 excellent excellent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 48 8 review review NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 48 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 48 10 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 48 11 structure structure NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 48 12 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 48 13 replica- replica- NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 49 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 49 2 purpose purpose NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 49 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 49 4 this this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 49 5 article article NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 49 6 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 49 7 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 49 8 describe describe VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 49 9 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 49 10 development development NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 49 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 49 12 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 49 13 present present JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 49 14 understanding understanding NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 49 15 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 49 16 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 49 17 molecular molecular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 49 18 biology biology NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 49 19 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 49 20 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 49 21 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 50 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 50 2 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 50 3 taken take VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 50 4 an an DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 50 5 historical historical JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 50 6 approach approach NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 50 7 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 50 8 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 50 9 subject subject NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 50 10 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 50 11 using use VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 50 12 figures figure NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 50 13 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 50 14 some some DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 50 15 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 50 16 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 50 17 key key JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 50 18 papers paper NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 50 19 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 50 20 illustrate illustrate VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 50 21 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 50 22 development development NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 50 23 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 50 24 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 50 25 present present JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 50 26 concepts concept NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 50 27 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 51 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 51 2 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 51 3 grateful grateful JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 51 4 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 51 5 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 51 6 colleagues colleague NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 51 7 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 51 8 making make VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 51 9 these these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 51 10 figures figure NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 51 11 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 51 12 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 51 13 unpublished unpublished JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 51 14 data datum NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 51 15 available available JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 51 16 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 51 17 us -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 51 18 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 52 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 52 2 hope hope VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 52 3 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 52 4 this this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 52 5 contribution contribution NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 52 6 will will MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 52 7 convey convey VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 52 8 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 52 9 sense sense NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 52 10 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 52 11 excitement excitement NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 52 12 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 52 13 cooperation cooperation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 52 14 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 52 15 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 52 16 characterized characterize VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 52 17 this this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 52 18 period period NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 52 19 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 52 20 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 52 21 research research NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 52 22 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 53 1 Negative negative JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 53 2 stains stain NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 53 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 53 4 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 53 5 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 53 6 eggs egg NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 53 7 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 53 8 clinical clinical JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 53 9 specimens specimen NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 53 10 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 53 11 media medium NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 53 12 over over IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 53 13 tissue tissue NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 53 14 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 53 15 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 53 16 organ organ NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 53 17 cultures culture NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 53 18 infected infect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 53 19 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 53 20 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 53 21 revealed reveal VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 53 22 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 53 23 characteristic characteristic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 53 24 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 53 25 structure structure NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 53 26 shown show VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 53 27 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 53 28 Fig Fig NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 53 29 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 53 30 1A 1a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 54 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 54 2 Berry Berry NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 54 3 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 54 4 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 54 5 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 55 1 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 55 2 1964 1964 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 55 3 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 55 4 Tyrrell Tyrrell NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 55 5 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 55 6 Almeida Almeida NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 55 7 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 55 8 1967 1967 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 55 9 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 55 10 McIntosh McIntosh NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 55 11 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 55 12 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 55 13 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 55 14 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 55 15 1967a 1967a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 55 16 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 55 17 Almeida Almeida NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 55 18 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 55 19 Tyrrell Tyrrell NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 55 20 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 55 21 1967 1967 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 55 22 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 55 23 Apostolov Apostolov NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 55 24 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 55 25 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 55 26 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 55 27 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 55 28 1970 1970 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 55 29 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 55 30 Oshiro Oshiro NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 55 31 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 55 32 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 55 33 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 55 34 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 55 35 1971 1971 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 55 36 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 55 37 Johnson Johnson NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 55 38 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 55 39 Lussenberg Lussenberg NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 55 40 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 55 41 1975 1975 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 55 42 - - SYM cord-338307-vfutmwxq 55 43 1976 1976 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 55 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 55 45 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 56 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 56 2 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 56 3 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 56 4 spherical spherical JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 56 5 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 56 6 enveloped enveloped JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 56 7 particles particle NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 56 8 ranging range VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 56 9 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 56 10 80 80 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 56 11 nm nm NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 56 12 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 56 13 160 160 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 56 14 nm nm NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 56 15 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 56 16 diameter diameter NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 56 17 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 57 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 57 2 showed show VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 57 3 some some DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 57 4 pleiomorphism pleiomorphism NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 57 5 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 57 6 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 57 7 frequently frequently RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 57 8 had have VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 57 9 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 57 10 shallow shallow JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 57 11 central central JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 57 12 hollow hollow NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 57 13 containing contain VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 57 14 some some DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 57 15 negative negative JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 57 16 stain stain NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 57 17 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 58 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 58 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 58 3 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 58 4 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 58 5 basis basis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 58 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 58 7 negatively negatively RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 58 8 stained stain VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 58 9 images image NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 58 10 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 58 11 IBV IBV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 58 12 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 58 13 Bingham Bingham NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 58 14 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 58 15 Almeida Almeida NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 58 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 58 17 1977 1977 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 58 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 58 19 suggested suggest VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 58 20 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 58 21 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 58 22 morphology morphology NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 58 23 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 58 24 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 58 25 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 58 26 might may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 58 27 resemble resemble VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 58 28 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 58 29 punchedin punchedin NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 58 30 sphere sphere NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 58 31 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 59 1 Whether whether IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 59 2 this this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 59 3 represents represent VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 59 4 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 59 5 true true JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 59 6 morphology morphology NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 59 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 59 8 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 59 9 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 59 10 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 59 11 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 59 12 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 59 13 deformation deformation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 59 14 resulting result VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 59 15 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 59 16 drying dry VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 59 17 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 59 18 negative negative JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 59 19 staining staining NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 59 20 remains remain VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 59 21 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 59 22 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 59 23 determined determine VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 59 24 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 60 1 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 60 2 morphology morphology NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 60 3 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 60 4 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 60 5 reviewed review VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 60 6 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 60 7 McIntosh McIntosh NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 60 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 60 9 1974 1974 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 60 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 60 11 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 60 12 Oshiro Oshiro NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 60 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 60 14 19731 19731 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 60 15 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 60 16 Pensaert Pensaert NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 60 17 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 60 18 Callebaut Callebaut NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 60 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 60 20 1978 1978 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 60 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 60 22 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 60 23 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 60 24 Robb Robb NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 60 25 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 60 26 Bond Bond NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 60 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 60 28 1979a 1979a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 60 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 60 30 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 61 1 Most Most JJS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 61 2 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 61 3 appear appear VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 61 4 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 61 5 have have VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 61 6 only only RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 61 7 one one CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 61 8 morphologic morphologic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 61 9 type type NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 61 10 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 61 11 surface surface NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 61 12 projection projection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 61 13 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 61 14 peplorner peplorner NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 61 15 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 62 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 62 2 peplomers peplomer NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 62 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 62 4 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 62 5 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 62 6 large large JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 62 7 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 62 8 roughly roughly RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 62 9 club club NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 62 10 shaped shape VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 62 11 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 63 1 For for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 63 2 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 63 3 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 63 4 each each DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 63 5 peplomer peplomer NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 63 6 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 63 7 about about RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 63 8 20 20 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 63 9 nm nm RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 63 10 long long JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 63 11 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 63 12 7 7 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 63 13 nm nm NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 63 14 wide wide RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 63 15 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 63 16 t t NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 63 17 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 63 18 tip tip NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 63 19 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 64 1 There there EX cord-338307-vfutmwxq 64 2 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 64 3 approximately approximately RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 64 4 200 200 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 64 5 peplomers peplomer NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 64 6 per per IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 64 7 virion virion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 64 8 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 65 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 65 2 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 65 3 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 65 4 known know VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 65 5 how how WRB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 65 6 many many JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 65 7 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 65 8 molecules molecule NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 65 9 form form VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 65 10 each each DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 65 11 peplomer peplomer NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 65 12 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 66 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 66 2 peplomers peplomer NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 66 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 66 4 different different JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 66 5 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 66 6 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 66 7 somewhat somewhat RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 66 8 different different JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 66 9 appearances appearance NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 66 10 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 66 11 negatively negatively RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 66 12 stained stain VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 66 13 preparations preparation NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 66 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 66 15 Caul Caul NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 66 16 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 66 17 Egglestone Egglestone NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 66 18 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 66 19 1977 1977 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 66 20 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 66 21 Davies Davies NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 66 22 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 66 23 Macnaughton Macnaughton NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 66 24 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 66 25 1979 1979 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 66 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 66 27 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 67 1 For for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 67 2 BCV BCV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 67 3 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 67 4 Bridger Bridger NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 67 5 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 67 6 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 67 7 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 68 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 68 2 1978 1978 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 68 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 68 4 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 68 5 suggested suggest VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 68 6 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 68 7 there there EX cord-338307-vfutmwxq 68 8 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 68 9 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 68 10 two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 68 11 morphologically morphologically RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 68 12 distinct distinct JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 68 13 types type NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 68 14 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 68 15 peplomers peplomer NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 68 16 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 69 1 Analysis analysis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 69 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 69 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 69 4 structural structural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 69 5 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 69 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 69 7 BCV BCV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 69 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 69 9 Section section NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 69 10 IIC IIC NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 69 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 69 12 also also RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 69 13 suggested suggest VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 69 14 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 69 15 there there EX cord-338307-vfutmwxq 69 16 might may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 69 17 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 69 18 an an DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 69 19 additional additional JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 69 20 species specie NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 69 21 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 69 22 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 69 23 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 69 24 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 69 25 virion virion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 69 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 69 27 King King NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 69 28 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 69 29 Brian Brian NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 69 30 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 69 31 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 69 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 69 33 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 70 1 Possibly possibly RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 70 2 this this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 70 3 additional additional JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 70 4 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 70 5 forms form VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 70 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 70 7 second second JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 70 8 type type NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 70 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 70 10 peplomer peplomer NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 70 11 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 71 1 Two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 71 2 types type NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 71 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 71 4 peplomers peplomer NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 71 5 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 71 6 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 71 7 observed observe VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 71 8 rarely rarely RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 71 9 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 71 10 HEV HEV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 71 11 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 71 12 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 71 13 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 71 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 71 15 Greig Greig NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 71 16 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 71 17 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 71 18 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 72 1 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 72 2 1971 1971 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 72 3 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 72 4 Sugiyama Sugiyama NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 72 5 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 72 6 Amano Amano NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 72 7 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 72 8 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 72 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 72 10 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 73 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 73 2 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 73 3 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 73 4 clear clear JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 73 5 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 73 6 what what WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 73 7 extent extent NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 73 8 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 73 9 morphological morphological JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 73 10 differences difference NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 73 11 between between IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 73 12 peplomers peplomer NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 73 13 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 73 14 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 73 15 reflect reflect VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 73 16 differences difference NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 73 17 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 73 18 amino amino NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 73 19 acid acid NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 73 20 sequence sequence NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 73 21 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 73 22 glycosylation glycosylation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 73 23 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 73 24 proteolytic proteolytic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 73 25 cleavage cleavage NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 73 26 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 73 27 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 73 28 reduction reduction NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 73 29 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 73 30 disulfide disulfide JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 73 31 bonds bond NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 73 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 73 33 see see VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 73 34 Sections Sections NNPS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 73 35 II II NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 73 36 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 73 37 C C NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 73 38 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 73 39 IV IV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 73 40 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 73 41 A A NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 73 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 73 43 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 74 1 Many many JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 74 2 preparations preparation NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 74 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 74 4 cornaviruses cornaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 74 5 contain contain VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 74 6 some some DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 74 7 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 74 8 particles particle NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 74 9 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 74 10 partially partially RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 74 11 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 74 12 completely completely RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 74 13 lack lack JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 74 14 peplomers peplomer NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 74 15 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 75 1 Storage storage NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 75 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 75 3 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 75 4 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 75 5 lead lead VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 75 6 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 75 7 detachment detachment NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 75 8 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 75 9 peplomers peplomer NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 75 10 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 75 11 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 75 12 under under IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 75 13 some some DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 75 14 conditions condition NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 75 15 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 75 16 lacking lack VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 75 17 peplomers peplomer NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 75 18 can can MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 75 19 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 75 20 formed form VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 75 21 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 75 22 infected infected JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 75 23 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 75 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 75 25 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 75 26 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 75 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 75 28 1980 1980 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 75 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 75 30 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 76 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 76 2 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 76 3 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 76 4 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 76 5 forms form VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 76 6 aggregates aggregate NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 76 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 76 8 irregular irregular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 76 9 sizes size NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 77 1 x x LS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 77 2 100.000 100.000 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 77 3 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 78 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 78 2 D d NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 78 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 79 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 79 2 peplomeric peplomeric JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 79 3 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 79 4 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 79 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 79 6 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 79 7 purified purify VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 79 8 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 79 9 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 79 10 same same JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 79 11 technique technique NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 79 12 forms form NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 79 13 rosettes rosette NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 79 14 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 79 15 single single JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 79 16 peplomers peplomer NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 79 17 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 80 1 Arrows arrow NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 80 2 indicate indicate VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 80 3 rosettes rosette NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 80 4 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 81 1 x x LS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 81 2 100,000 100,000 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 81 3 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 82 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 82 2 C C NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 82 3 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 82 4 D D NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 82 5 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 82 6 K. K. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 82 7 V. V. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 82 8 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 82 9 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 82 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 83 1 1981a 1981a NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 83 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 83 3 b b LS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 83 4 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 83 5 see see VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 83 6 Section section NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 83 7 111,D 111,d CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 83 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 83 9 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 84 1 isolated isolate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 84 2 noninfectious noninfectious JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 84 3 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 84 4 empty empty JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 84 5 IBV IBV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 84 6 particles particle NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 84 7 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 85 1 Such such JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 85 2 particles particle NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 85 3 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 85 4 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 85 5 yet yet RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 85 6 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 85 7 identified identify VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 85 8 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 85 9 other other JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 85 10 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 85 11 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 86 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 86 2 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 86 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 86 4 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 86 5 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 86 6 rather rather RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 86 7 fragile fragile JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 86 8 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 86 9 tend tend VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 86 10 t t XX cord-338307-vfutmwxq 86 11 o o NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 86 12 disrupt disrupt VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 86 13 upon upon IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 86 14 storage storage NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 87 1 and/or and/or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 87 2 during during IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 87 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 87 4 negative negative JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 87 5 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 87 6 staining stain VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 87 7 procedure procedure NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 87 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 87 9 Apos Apos NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 87 10 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 87 11 tolov tolov NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 87 12 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 87 13 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 87 14 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 87 15 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 87 16 1970 1970 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 87 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 87 18 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 88 1 This this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 88 2 can can MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 88 3 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 88 4 prevented prevent VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 88 5 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 88 6 fixation fixation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 88 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 88 8 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 88 9 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 88 10 glutaraldehyde glutaraldehyde NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 88 11 prior prior RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 88 12 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 88 13 negative negative JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 88 14 staining staining NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 88 15 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 89 1 In in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 89 2 spontaneously spontaneously RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 89 3 disrupted disrupt VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 89 4 preparations preparation NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 89 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 89 6 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 89 7 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 89 8 fragments fragment NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 89 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 89 10 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 89 11 envelopes envelope NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 89 12 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 89 13 frequently frequently RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 89 14 seen see VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 89 15 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 90 1 However however RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 90 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 90 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 90 4 internal internal JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 90 5 component component NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 90 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 90 7 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 90 8 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 90 9 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 90 10 more more RBR cord-338307-vfutmwxq 90 11 difficult difficult JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 90 12 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 90 13 visualize visualize VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 90 14 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 90 15 negatively negatively RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 90 16 stained stain VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 90 17 preparations preparation NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 90 18 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 91 1 Thin thin JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 91 2 sections section NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 91 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 91 4 infected infected JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 91 5 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 91 6 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 91 7 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 91 8 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 91 9 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 91 10 flexible flexible JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 91 11 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 91 12 cylindrical cylindrical JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 91 13 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 91 14 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 91 15 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 91 16 probably probably RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 91 17 helical helical JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 91 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 91 19 see see VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 91 20 Section section NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 91 21 111,F 111,f CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 91 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 91 23 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 92 1 Johnson Johnson NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 92 2 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 92 3 Lussenberg Lussenberg NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 92 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 92 5 1975 1975 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 92 6 - - SYM cord-338307-vfutmwxq 92 7 1976 1976 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 92 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 92 9 showed show VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 92 10 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 92 11 threadlike threadlike JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 92 12 nucleocapsids nucleocapsid NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 92 13 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 92 14 8 8 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 92 15 - - SYM cord-338307-vfutmwxq 92 16 9 9 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 92 17 nm nm NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 92 18 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 92 19 diameter diameter NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 92 20 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 92 21 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 92 22 released release VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 92 23 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 92 24 disrupted disrupt VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 92 25 HCV-229E HCV-229E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 92 26 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 92 27 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 93 1 These these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 93 2 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 93 3 very very RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 93 4 pleiomorphic pleiomorphic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 93 5 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 93 6 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 93 7 represent represent VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 93 8 strands strand NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 93 9 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 93 10 had have VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 93 11 uncoiled uncoil VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 93 12 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 93 13 helical helical JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 93 14 nucleocapsids nucleocapsid NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 93 15 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 94 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 94 2 most most RBS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 94 3 tightly tightly RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 94 4 coiled coiled JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 94 5 helical helical JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 94 6 nucleocapsids nucleocapsid NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 94 7 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 94 8 obtained obtain VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 94 9 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 94 10 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 94 11 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 94 12 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 94 13 spontaneously spontaneously RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 94 14 disrupted disrupt VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 94 15 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 94 16 storage storage NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 94 17 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 94 18 25 25 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 94 19 ° ° NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 94 20 C c NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 94 21 overnight overnight RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 94 22 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 95 1 found find VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 95 2 hollow hollow JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 95 3 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 95 4 helical helical JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 95 5 nucleocapsids nucleocapsid NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 95 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 96 1 14 14 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 96 2 - - SYM cord-338307-vfutmwxq 96 3 16 16 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 96 4 nm nm NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 96 5 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 96 6 diameter diameter NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 96 7 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 96 8 up up IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 96 9 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 96 10 0.32 0.32 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 96 11 pm pm NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 96 12 long long NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 96 13 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 96 14 released release VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 96 15 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 96 16 purified purified JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 96 17 preparations preparation NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 96 18 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 96 19 HCV-229E HCV-229E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 96 20 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 96 21 MHV-3 MHV-3 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 96 22 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 96 23 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 97 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 97 2 unit unit NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 97 3 length length NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 97 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 97 5 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 97 6 nucleocapsids nucleocapsid NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 97 7 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 97 8 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 97 9 yet yet RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 97 10 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 97 11 determined determine VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 97 12 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 97 13 although although IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 97 14 nucleocapsids nucleocapsid NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 97 15 up up IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 97 16 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 97 17 6 6 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 97 18 pm pm NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 97 19 long long RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 97 20 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 97 21 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 97 22 observed observe VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 97 23 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 98 1 Caul Caul NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 98 2 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 98 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 98 4 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 99 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 99 2 1979 1979 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 99 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 99 4 purified purify VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 99 5 helical helical JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 99 6 nucleocapsids nucleocapsid NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 99 7 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 99 8 HCV-229E HCV-229E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 100 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 100 2 Fig Fig NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 100 3 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 100 4 _SP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 100 5 1B 1b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 100 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 100 7 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 101 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 101 2 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 101 3 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 101 4 about about RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 101 5 9 9 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 101 6 - - SYM cord-338307-vfutmwxq 101 7 11 11 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 101 8 nm nm NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 101 9 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 101 10 diameter diameter NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 101 11 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 102 1 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 102 2 nucleocapsids nucleocapsid NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 102 3 appeared appear VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 102 4 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 102 5 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 102 6 more more RBR cord-338307-vfutmwxq 102 7 flexible flexible JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 102 8 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 102 9 easier easy JJR cord-338307-vfutmwxq 102 10 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 102 11 uncoil uncoil VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 102 12 than than IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 102 13 paramyxovirus paramyxovirus JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 102 14 nucleocapsids nucleocapsid NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 102 15 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 103 1 Recent recent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 103 2 studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 103 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 103 4 helical helical JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 103 5 nucleocapsids nucleocapsid NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 103 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 103 7 negative negative JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 103 8 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 103 9 stranded strand VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 103 10 RNA rna NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 103 11 viruses virus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 104 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 104 2 Heggeness Heggeness NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 104 3 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 104 4 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 104 5 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 105 1 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 105 2 1980 1980 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 105 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 105 4 Heggeness Heggeness NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 105 5 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 105 6 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 105 7 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 106 1 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 106 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 106 3 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 106 4 showed show VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 106 5 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 106 6 these these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 106 7 properties property NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 106 8 depended depend VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 106 9 upon upon IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 106 10 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 106 11 ionic ionic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 106 12 strength strength NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 106 13 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 106 14 cation cation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 106 15 composition composition NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 106 16 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 106 17 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 106 18 buffers buffer NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 106 19 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 107 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 107 2 appears appear VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 107 3 likely likely JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 107 4 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 107 5 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 107 6 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 107 7 conditions condition NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 107 8 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 107 9 further further JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 107 10 characterization characterization NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 107 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 107 12 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 107 13 structure structure NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 107 14 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 107 15 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 107 16 nucleocapsids nucleocapsid NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 107 17 will will MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 107 18 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 107 19 identified identify VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 107 20 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 107 21 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 107 22 near near JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 107 23 future future NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 107 24 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 108 1 In in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 108 2 addition addition NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 108 3 t t NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 108 4 o o NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 108 5 permitting permitting NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 108 6 analysis analysis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 108 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 108 8 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 108 9 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 108 10 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 108 11 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 108 12 disruption disruption NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 108 13 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 108 14 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 108 15 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 108 16 nonionic nonionic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 108 17 detergents detergent NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 108 18 such such JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 108 19 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 108 20 NP-40 NP-40 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 108 21 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 108 22 Triton Triton NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 108 23 X-100 x-100 NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 108 24 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 108 25 permitted permit VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 108 26 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 108 27 isolation isolation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 108 28 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 108 29 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 108 30 envelope envelope NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 108 31 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 108 32 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 108 33 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 108 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 108 35 Section section NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 108 36 11,G 11,g CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 108 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 108 38 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 109 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 109 2 morphology morphology NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 109 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 109 4 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 109 5 two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 109 6 envelope envelope NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 109 7 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 109 8 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 109 9 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 109 10 isolated isolate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 109 11 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 109 12 detergent detergent NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 109 13 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 109 14 disrupted disrupt VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 109 15 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 109 16 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 109 17 sucrose sucrose NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 109 18 density density NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 109 19 gradients gradient NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 109 20 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 109 21 shown show VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 109 22 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 109 23 Fig Fig NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 109 24 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 110 1 1C 1C NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 110 2 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 110 3 1D 1D NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 110 4 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 111 1 Early early JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 111 2 studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 111 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 111 4 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 111 5 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 111 6 hampered hamper VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 111 7 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 111 8 limited limited JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 111 9 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 111 10 growth growth NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 111 11 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 111 12 difficulties difficulty NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 111 13 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 111 14 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 111 15 purification purification NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 111 16 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 112 1 Coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 112 2 exhibited exhibit VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 112 3 restricted restricted JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 112 4 host host NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 112 5 ranges range NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 112 6 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 112 7 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 112 8 culture culture NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 112 9 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 112 10 low low JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 112 11 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 112 12 yields yield NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 112 13 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 112 14 usually usually RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 112 15 obtained obtain VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 112 16 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 112 17 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 112 18 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 112 19 viruses virus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 112 20 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 112 21 highly highly RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 112 22 labile labile JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 112 23 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 113 1 These these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 113 2 difficulties difficulty NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 113 3 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 113 4 now now RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 113 5 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 113 6 overcome overcome VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 113 7 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 113 8 many many JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 113 9 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 113 10 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 114 1 Suitable suitable JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 114 2 permissive permissive JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 114 3 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 114 4 types type NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 114 5 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 114 6 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 114 7 strains strain NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 114 8 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 114 9 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 114 10 identified identify VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 114 11 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 114 12 conditions condition NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 114 13 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 114 14 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 114 15 described describe VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 114 16 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 114 17 result result VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 114 18 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 114 19 greater great JJR cord-338307-vfutmwxq 114 20 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 114 21 stability stability NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 114 22 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 115 1 Many many JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 115 2 human human JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 115 3 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 115 4 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 115 5 first first RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 115 6 identified identify VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 115 7 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 115 8 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 115 9 growth growth NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 115 10 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 115 11 cytopathogenicity cytopathogenicity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 115 12 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 115 13 human human JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 115 14 embryonic embryonic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 115 15 tracheal tracheal NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 115 16 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 115 17 nasal nasal JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 115 18 organ organ NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 115 19 cultures culture NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 115 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 115 21 Tyrrell Tyrrell NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 115 22 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 115 23 Bynoe Bynoe NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 115 24 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 115 25 1965 1965 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 115 26 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 115 27 Almeida Almeida NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 115 28 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 115 29 Tyrrell Tyrrell NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 115 30 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 115 31 1967 1967 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 115 32 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 115 33 McIntosh McIntosh NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 115 34 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 115 35 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 115 36 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 115 37 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 115 38 1967a 1967a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 115 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 115 40 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 116 1 Some some DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 116 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 116 3 these these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 116 4 viruses virus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 116 5 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 116 6 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 116 7 yet yet RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 116 8 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 116 9 grown grow VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 116 10 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 116 11 continuous continuous JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 116 12 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 116 13 lines line NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 116 14 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 116 15 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 116 16 great great JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 116 17 difficulties difficulty NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 116 18 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 116 19 still still RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 116 20 encountered encounter VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 116 21 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 116 22 primary primary JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 116 23 isolation isolation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 116 24 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 116 25 HCVs hcv NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 116 26 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 117 1 Although although IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 117 2 permissive permissive JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 117 3 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 117 4 hosts host NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 117 5 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 117 6 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 117 7 described describe VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 117 8 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 117 9 HCV-229E HCV-229E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 117 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 117 11 Hamre Hamre NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 117 12 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 117 13 Procknow Procknow NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 117 14 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 117 15 1966 1966 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 117 16 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 117 17 Hamre Hamre NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 117 18 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 117 19 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 117 20 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 117 21 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 117 22 1967 1967 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 117 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 117 24 as as RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 117 25 well well RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 117 26 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 117 27 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 117 28 tissue tissue NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 117 29 culture-"adapted culture-"adapte VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 117 30 " " `` cord-338307-vfutmwxq 117 31 HCV HCV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 117 32 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 117 33 OC43 OC43 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 117 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 117 35 Bradburne Bradburne NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 117 36 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 117 37 Tyrrell Tyrrell NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 117 38 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 117 39 1969 1969 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 117 40 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 118 1 Kapikian Kapikian NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 118 2 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 118 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 118 4 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 119 1 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 119 2 1969 1969 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 119 3 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 119 4 Bruckova Bruckova NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 119 5 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 119 6 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 119 7 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 119 8 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 119 9 1970 1970 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 119 10 ; ; . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 120 1 Gerna Gerna NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 120 2 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 120 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 120 4 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 120 5 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 120 6 1979 1979 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 120 7 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 120 8 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 120 9 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 120 10 yields yield NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 120 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 120 12 < < XX cord-338307-vfutmwxq 120 13 lo8 lo8 JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 120 14 PFU pfu NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 120 15 per per IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 120 16 milliliter milliliter NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 120 17 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 120 18 usually usually RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 120 19 obtained obtain VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 120 20 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 121 1 However however RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 121 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 121 3 0 0 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 121 4 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 122 1 W. W. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 122 2 obtained obtain VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 122 3 high high JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 122 4 yields yield NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 122 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 122 6 up up IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 122 7 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 122 8 lo9 lo9 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 122 9 PFU pfu NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 122 10 per per IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 122 11 milliliter milliliter NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 122 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 122 13 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 122 14 tissue tissue NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 122 15 cultureadapted cultureadapte VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 122 16 strains strain NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 122 17 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 122 18 HCV HCV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 122 19 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 122 20 OC43 OC43 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 122 21 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 123 1 -2293 -2293 : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 123 2 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 123 3 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 123 4 human human JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 123 5 rhabdomyosarcoma rhabdomyosarcoma NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 123 6 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 123 7 line line NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 123 8 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 124 1 Good good JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 124 2 growth growth NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 124 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 124 4 some some DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 124 5 human human JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 124 6 enteric enteric JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 124 7 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 124 8 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 124 9 also also RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 124 10 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 124 11 reported report VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 124 12 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 124 13 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 124 14 human human JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 124 15 rectal rectal JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 124 16 carcinoma carcinoma NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 124 17 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 124 18 line line NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 124 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 124 20 Laporte Laporte NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 124 21 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 124 22 Bobulesco Bobulesco NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 124 23 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 124 24 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 124 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 124 26 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 125 1 Early early JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 125 2 studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 125 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 125 4 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 125 5 revealed reveal VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 125 6 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 125 7 productive productive JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 125 8 infection infection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 125 9 could could MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 125 10 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 125 11 obtained obtain VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 125 12 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 125 13 NCTC1469 NCTC1469 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 125 14 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 125 15 L929 L929 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 125 16 mouse mouse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 125 17 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 125 18 lines line NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 126 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 126 2 Manaker Manaker NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 126 3 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 126 4 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 126 5 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 126 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 126 7 1961 1961 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 126 8 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 126 9 Tanaka Tanaka NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 126 10 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 126 11 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 126 12 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 126 13 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 126 14 1962 1962 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 126 15 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 127 1 Hartley Hartley NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 127 2 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 127 3 Rowe Rowe NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 127 4 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 127 5 1963 1963 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 127 6 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 127 7 Mosley Mosley NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 127 8 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 127 9 1961 1961 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 127 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 127 11 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 128 1 However however RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 128 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 128 3 both both DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 128 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 128 5 these these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 128 6 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 128 7 lines line NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 128 8 contained contain VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 128 9 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 128 10 retroviruses retrovirus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 128 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 128 12 David David NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 128 13 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 128 14 Ferreira Ferreira NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 128 15 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 128 16 Manaker Manaker NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 128 17 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 128 18 1965 1965 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 128 19 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 128 20 Dales Dales NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 128 21 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 128 22 Howatson Howatson NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 128 23 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 128 24 19611 19611 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 128 25 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 128 26 thus thus RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 128 27 limiting limit VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 128 28 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 128 29 usefulness usefulness NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 128 30 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 128 31 propagation propagation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 128 32 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 128 33 biochemical biochemical JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 128 34 studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 128 35 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 128 36 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 128 37 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 129 1 In in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 129 2 1972 1972 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 129 3 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 129 4 Sturman Sturman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 129 5 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 129 6 Takemoto Takemoto NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 129 7 reported report VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 129 8 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 129 9 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 129 10 growth growth NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 129 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 129 12 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 129 13 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 129 14 enhanced enhance VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 129 15 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 129 16 AL AL NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 129 17 / / SYM cord-338307-vfutmwxq 129 18 N N NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 129 19 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 129 20 BALB BALB NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 129 21 / / SYM cord-338307-vfutmwxq 129 22 c c NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 129 23 3T3 3t3 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 129 24 mouse mouse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 129 25 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 129 26 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 129 27 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 129 28 transformed transform VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 129 29 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 129 30 papovaviruses papovavirus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 129 31 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 129 32 retroviruses retrovirus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 129 33 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 130 1 A a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 130 2 " " `` cord-338307-vfutmwxq 130 3 spontaneously spontaneously RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 130 4 " " '' cord-338307-vfutmwxq 130 5 transformed transform VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 130 6 BALB BALB NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 130 7 / / SYM cord-338307-vfutmwxq 130 8 c c NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 130 9 3T3 3t3 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 130 10 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 130 11 line line NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 130 12 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 130 13 designated designate VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 130 14 17 17 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 130 15 C1 C1 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 130 16 1 1 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 130 17 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 130 18 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 130 19 also also RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 130 20 shown show VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 130 21 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 130 22 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 130 23 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 130 24 highly highly RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 130 25 permissive permissive JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 130 26 host host NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 130 27 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 130 28 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 130 29 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 130 30 yielding yield VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 130 31 > > XX cord-338307-vfutmwxq 131 1 lo8 lo8 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 131 2 PFU pfu NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 131 3 per per IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 131 4 milliliter milliliter NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 131 5 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 1 Two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 2 additional additional JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 3 transformed transform VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 4 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 5 lines line NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 6 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 7 also also RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 8 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 9 found find VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 10 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 11 produce produce VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 12 high high JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 13 yields yield NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 14 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 15 MHV mhv NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 16 : : : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 17 DBT DBT NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 18 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 19 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 20 Schmidt Schmidt NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 21 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 22 Ruppin Ruppin NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 23 Rous rous JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 24 sarcoma sarcoma NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 25 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 26 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 27 induced induce VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 28 mouse mouse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 29 tumor tumor NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 30 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 31 line line NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 33 Hirano Hirano NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 34 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 35 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 36 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 37 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 38 1974 1974 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 40 Hirano Hirano NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 41 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 42 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 43 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 44 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 45 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 46 1976 1976 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 48 Hirano Hirano NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 49 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 50 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 51 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 52 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 53 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 54 1978 1978 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 55 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 56 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 57 Sac Sac NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 58 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 59 -1 -1 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 60 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 61 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 62 Maloney Maloney NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 63 sarcoma sarcoma NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 64 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 65 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 66 transformed transform VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 67 mouse mouse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 68 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 69 line line NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 70 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 71 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 72 defective defective JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 73 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 74 retrovirus retrovirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 75 production production NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 132 76 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 133 1 In in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 133 2 contrast contrast NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 133 3 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 133 4 HCV HCV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 133 5 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 133 6 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 133 7 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 133 8 no no DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 133 9 continuous continuous JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 133 10 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 133 11 line line NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 133 12 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 133 13 available available JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 133 14 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 133 15 produces produce VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 133 16 large large JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 133 17 amounts amount NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 133 18 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 133 19 IBV IBV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 133 20 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 134 1 Limited limited JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 134 2 growth growth NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 134 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 134 4 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 134 5 few few JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 134 6 strains strain NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 134 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 134 8 IBV IBV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 134 9 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 134 10 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 134 11 obtained obtain VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 134 12 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 134 13 VERO VERO NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 134 14 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 134 15 BHK-21 BHK-21 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 134 16 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 135 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 135 2 Cunningham Cunningham NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 135 3 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 135 4 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 135 5 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 135 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 135 7 1972 1972 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 135 8 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 135 9 Coria Coria NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 135 10 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 135 11 Ritchie Ritchie NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 135 12 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 135 13 1973 1973 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 135 14 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 135 15 Otsuki Otsuki NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 135 16 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 135 17 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 135 18 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 135 19 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 135 20 1979 1979 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 135 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 135 22 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 136 1 However however RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 136 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 136 3 high high JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 136 4 yields yield NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 136 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 136 6 some some DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 136 7 strains strain NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 136 8 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 136 9 IBV IBV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 136 10 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 136 11 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 136 12 obtained obtain VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 136 13 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 136 14 primary primary JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 136 15 chick chick NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 136 16 embryo embryo NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 136 17 kidney kidney NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 136 18 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 136 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 136 20 Otsuki Otsuki NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 136 21 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 136 22 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 136 23 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 136 24 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 136 25 1979 1979 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 136 26 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 136 27 Stern Stern NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 136 28 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 136 29 Kennedy Kennedy NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 136 30 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 136 31 1980a 1980a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 136 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 136 33 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 137 1 Another another DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 137 2 development development NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 137 3 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 137 4 facilitated facilitate VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 137 5 progress progress NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 137 6 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 137 7 this this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 137 8 field field NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 137 9 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 137 10 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 137 11 recognition recognition NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 137 12 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 137 13 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 137 14 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 137 15 most most RBS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 137 16 stable stable JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 137 17 between between IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 137 18 pH pH NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 137 19 6.0 6.0 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 137 20 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 137 21 6.5 6.5 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 137 22 Alexander Alexander NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 137 23 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 137 24 Collins Collins NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 137 25 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 137 26 1975 1975 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 137 27 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 137 28 Sturman Sturman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 137 29 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 137 30 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 137 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 138 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 138 2 Fig Fig NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 138 3 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 138 4 2 2 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 138 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 138 6 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 139 1 At at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 139 2 pH pH NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 139 3 6.0 6.0 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 139 4 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 139 5 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 139 6 half half JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 139 7 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 139 8 life life NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 139 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 139 10 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 139 11 infectivity infectivity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 139 12 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 139 13 37 37 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 139 14 ° ° NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 139 15 C c NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 139 16 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 139 17 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 139 18 presence presence NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 139 19 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 139 20 10 10 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 139 21 % % NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 139 22 fetal fetal JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 139 23 bovine bovine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 139 24 serum serum NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 139 25 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 139 26 24 24 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 139 27 hours hour NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 139 28 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 139 29 whereas whereas IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 139 30 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 139 31 pH pH NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 139 32 8.0 8.0 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 139 33 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 139 34 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 139 35 50 50 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 139 36 % % NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 139 37 loss loss NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 139 38 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 139 39 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 139 40 infectivity infectivity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 139 41 occurred occur VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 139 42 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 139 43 less less JJR cord-338307-vfutmwxq 139 44 than than IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 139 45 1 1 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 139 46 hour hour NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 139 47 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 140 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 140 2 rapid rapid JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 140 3 loss loss NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 140 4 Stability stability NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 140 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 140 6 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 140 7 infectivity infectivity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 140 8 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 140 9 shown show VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 140 10 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 140 11 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 140 12 ratio ratio NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 140 13 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 140 14 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 140 15 titer titer NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 140 16 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 140 17 24 24 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 140 18 hoursititer hoursititer NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 140 19 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 140 20 0 0 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 140 21 time time NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 140 22 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 140 23 x100 x100 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 140 24 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 141 1 At at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 141 2 4 4 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 141 3 ° ° NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 141 4 C C NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 141 5 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 141 6 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 141 7 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 141 8 quite quite RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 141 9 stable stable JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 141 10 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 141 11 pH pH NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 141 12 4 4 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 141 13 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 141 14 10 10 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 141 15 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 142 1 However however RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 142 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 142 3 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 142 4 37 37 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 142 5 ° ° NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 142 6 C C NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 142 7 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 142 8 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 142 9 exhibits exhibit VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 142 10 marked mark VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 142 11 thermolahility thermolahility NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 142 12 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 142 13 pHs pHs NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 142 14 c4.5 c4.5 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 142 15 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 142 16 > > XX cord-338307-vfutmwxq 142 17 6.5 6.5 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 142 18 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 143 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 143 2 Reproduced reproduce VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 143 3 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 143 4 Sturman Sturman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 143 5 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 143 6 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 143 7 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 143 8 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 143 9 permission permission NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 143 10 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 143 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 144 1 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 144 2 infectivity infectivity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 144 3 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 144 4 pH pH NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 144 5 8.0 8.0 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 144 6 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 144 7 associated associate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 144 8 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 144 9 aggregation aggregation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 144 10 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 144 11 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 144 12 peplomeric peplomeric JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 144 13 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 144 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 144 15 Sturman Sturman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 144 16 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 144 17 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 144 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 144 19 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 145 1 Several several JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 145 2 unique unique JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 145 3 features feature NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 145 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 145 5 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 145 6 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 145 7 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 145 8 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 145 9 as as RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 145 10 well well RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 145 11 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 145 12 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 145 13 lack lack NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 145 14 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 145 15 suitable suitable JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 145 16 permissive permissive JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 145 17 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 145 18 types type NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 145 19 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 145 20 some some DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 145 21 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 145 22 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 145 23 residual residual JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 145 24 host host NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 145 25 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 145 26 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 145 27 contamination contamination NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 145 28 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 145 29 other other JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 145 30 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 145 31 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 145 32 delayed delay VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 145 33 recognition recognition NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 145 34 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 145 35 coronaviruses coronaviruse VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 145 36 all all DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 145 37 possess possess VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 145 38 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 145 39 similar similar JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 145 40 pattern pattern NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 145 41 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 145 42 structural structural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 145 43 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 145 44 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 146 1 Recently recently RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 146 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 146 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 146 4 general general JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 146 5 organization organization NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 146 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 146 7 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 146 8 structural structural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 146 9 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 146 10 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 146 11 become become VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 146 12 apparent apparent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 146 13 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 147 1 Figure figure NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 147 2 3 3 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 147 3 illustrates illustrate VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 147 4 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 147 5 model model NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 147 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 147 7 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 147 8 structure structure NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 147 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 147 10 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 147 11 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 147 12 A59 A59 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 147 13 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 148 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 148 2 will will MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 148 3 use use VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 148 4 this this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 148 5 model model NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 148 6 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 148 7 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 148 8 nomenclature nomenclature NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 148 9 developed develop VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 148 10 during during IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 148 11 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 148 12 studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 148 13 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 148 14 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 148 15 structural structural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 148 16 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 148 17 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 148 18 MHV mhv NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 148 19 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 148 20 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 148 21 following follow VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 148 22 discussion discussion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 148 23 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 148 24 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 148 25 structural structural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 148 26 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 148 27 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 148 28 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 148 29 organization organization NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 148 30 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 149 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 149 2 envelope envelope NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 149 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 149 4 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 149 5 intact intact JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 149 6 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 149 7 contains contain VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 149 8 two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 149 9 envelope envelope NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 149 10 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 149 11 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 149 12 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 149 13 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 149 14 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 149 15 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 149 16 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 149 17 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 149 18 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 149 19 lipid lipid NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 149 20 bilayer bilayer NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 149 21 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 150 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 150 2 helical helical JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 150 3 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 150 4 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 150 5 composed compose VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 150 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 150 7 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 150 8 single single JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 150 9 long long JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 150 10 strand strand NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 150 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 150 12 message message NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 150 13 sense sense NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 150 14 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 150 15 genomic genomic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 150 16 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 150 17 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 150 18 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 150 19 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 150 20 protein protein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 150 21 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 150 22 N. N. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 150 23 Glycosaminoglycan Glycosaminoglycan NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 150 24 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 150 25 associated associate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 150 26 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 150 27 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 150 28 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 150 29 envelope envelope NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 150 30 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 151 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 151 2 B b NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 151 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 151 4 Treatment treatment NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 151 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 151 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 151 7 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 151 8 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 151 9 Pronase Pronase NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 151 10 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 151 11 bromelain bromelain NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 151 12 removed remove VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 151 13 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 151 14 bulk bulk NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 151 15 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 151 16 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 151 17 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 151 18 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 151 19 5 5 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 151 20 K k NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 151 21 glycosylated glycosylated JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 151 22 portion portion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 151 23 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 151 24 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 151 25 1 1 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 151 26 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 151 27 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 151 28 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 151 29 glycosaminoglycan glycosaminoglycan NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 151 30 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 151 31 but but CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 151 32 leaves leave VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 151 33 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 151 34 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 151 35 intact intact JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 151 36 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 152 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 152 2 C C NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 152 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 152 4 Virions Virions NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 152 5 released release VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 152 6 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 152 7 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 152 8 treated treat VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 152 9 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 152 10 tunicamycin tunicamycin NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 152 11 lack lack VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 152 12 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 152 13 but but CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 152 14 contain contain VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 152 15 normal normal JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 152 16 amounts amount NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 152 17 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 152 18 glycosylated glycosylated JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 152 19 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 152 20 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 152 21 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 152 22 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 152 23 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 153 1 In in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 153 2 1975 1975 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 153 3 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 153 4 Garwes Garwes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 153 5 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 153 6 Pocock Pocock NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 153 7 characterized characterize VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 153 8 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 153 9 structural structural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 153 10 polypeptides polypeptide NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 153 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 153 12 TGEV TGEV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 153 13 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 153 14 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 153 15 porcine porcine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 153 16 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 153 17 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 154 1 Although although IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 154 2 analysis analysis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 154 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 154 4 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 154 5 polypeptides polypeptide NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 154 6 had have VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 154 7 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 154 8 attempted attempt VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 154 9 earlier early RBR cord-338307-vfutmwxq 154 10 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 154 11 those those DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 154 12 studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 154 13 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 154 14 less less RBR cord-338307-vfutmwxq 154 15 definitive definitive JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 154 16 since since IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 154 17 they -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 154 18 utilized utilize VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 154 19 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 154 20 produced produce VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 154 21 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 154 22 animals animal NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 154 23 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 154 24 eggs egg NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 154 25 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 154 26 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 154 27 have have VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 154 28 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 154 29 contaminated contaminate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 154 30 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 154 31 some some DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 154 32 host host NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 154 33 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 154 34 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 154 35 components component NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 154 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 154 37 Hierholzer Hierholzer NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 154 38 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 154 39 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 154 40 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 154 41 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 154 42 1972 1972 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 154 43 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 154 44 Bingham Bingham NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 154 45 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 154 46 1975 1975 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 154 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 154 48 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 155 1 Working work VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 155 2 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 155 3 radiolabeled radiolabele VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 155 4 TGEV TGEV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 155 5 produced produce VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 155 6 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 155 7 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 155 8 culture culture NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 155 9 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 155 10 Garwes Garwes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 155 11 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 155 12 Pocock Pocock NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 155 13 identified identify VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 155 14 four four CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 155 15 major major JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 155 16 polypeptide polypeptide NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 155 17 peaks peak NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 155 18 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 155 19 sodium sodium NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 155 20 dodecyl dodecyl NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 155 21 sulfate sulfate NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 155 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 155 23 SDS)-polyacryl SDS)-polyacryl NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 155 24 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 155 25 amide amide NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 155 26 gels gel NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 155 27 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 156 1 Treatment treatment NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 156 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 156 3 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 156 4 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 156 5 bromelain bromelain NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 156 6 removed remove VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 156 7 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 156 8 peplomers peplomer NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 156 9 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 156 10 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 156 11 largest large JJS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 156 12 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 156 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 156 14 200K1 200K1 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 156 15 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 156 16 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 156 17 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 156 18 analogous analogous JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 156 19 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 156 20 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 156 21 one one NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 156 22 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 156 23 we -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 156 24 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 156 25 called call VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 156 26 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 156 27 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 156 28 Fig Fig NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 156 29 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 157 1 3 3 LS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 157 2 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 158 1 A a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 158 2 single single JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 158 3 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 158 4 nonglycosylated nonglycosylated JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 158 5 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 158 6 arginine arginine NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 158 7 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 158 8 rich rich JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 158 9 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 158 10 50 50 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 158 11 K k NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 158 12 species specie NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 158 13 similar similar JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 158 14 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 158 15 N n CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 158 16 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 158 17 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 158 18 two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 158 19 smaller small JJR cord-338307-vfutmwxq 158 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 158 21 28 28 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 158 22 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 158 23 30 30 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 158 24 K k NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 158 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 158 26 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 158 27 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 158 28 analogous analogous JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 158 29 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 158 30 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 158 31 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 158 32 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 158 33 Fig Fig NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 158 34 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 159 1 3 3 LS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 159 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 159 3 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 159 4 also also RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 159 5 identified identify VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 159 6 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 159 7 partially partially RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 159 8 characterized characterize VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 159 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 159 10 Garwes Garwes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 159 11 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 159 12 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 159 13 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 159 14 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 159 15 1976 1976 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 159 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 159 17 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 160 1 Using use VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 160 2 double double RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 160 3 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 160 4 labeled label VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 160 5 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 160 6 grown grow VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 160 7 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 160 8 tissue tissue NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 160 9 culture culture NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 160 10 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 160 11 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 160 12 structural structural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 160 13 polypeptides polypeptide NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 160 14 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 160 15 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 160 16 A59 A59 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 160 17 strain strain NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 160 18 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 160 19 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 160 20 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 160 21 described describe VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 160 22 next next RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 160 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 160 24 Sturman Sturman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 160 25 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 160 26 1977 1977 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 160 27 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 160 28 Sturman Sturman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 160 29 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 160 30 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 160 31 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 160 32 1977 1977 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 160 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 160 34 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 161 1 This this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 161 2 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 161 3 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 161 4 shown show VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 161 5 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 161 6 contain contain VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 161 7 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 161 8 nonglycosylated nonglycosylated JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 161 9 basic basic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 161 10 polypeptide polypeptide NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 161 11 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 161 12 N N NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 161 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 161 14 50 50 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 161 15 K K NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 161 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 161 17 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 161 18 five five CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 161 19 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 161 20 peaks peak NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 161 21 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 161 22 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 161 23 separated separate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 161 24 into into IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 161 25 two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 161 26 families family NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 161 27 based base VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 161 28 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 161 29 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 161 30 ratios ratio NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 161 31 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 161 32 incorporation incorporation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 161 33 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 161 34 different different JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 161 35 radiolabeled radiolabele VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 161 36 precursors precursor NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 161 37 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 162 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 162 2 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 162 3 glycopro- glycopro- NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 162 4 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 162 5 1%-amino 1%-amino CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 162 6 acids acid NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 162 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 162 8 0 0 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 162 9 -4 -4 ADD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 162 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 162 11 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 162 12 solubilized solubilize VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 162 13 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 162 14 SDS SDS NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 162 15 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 162 16 analyzed analyze VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 162 17 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 162 18 PAGE PAGE NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 162 19 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 163 1 Two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 163 2 classes class NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 163 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 163 4 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 163 5 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 163 6 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 163 7 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 163 8 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 163 9 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 163 10 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 163 11 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 163 12 identified identify VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 163 13 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 163 14 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 163 15 ratios ratio NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 163 16 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 163 17 labels label NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 163 18 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 163 19 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 163 20 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 163 21 nonglycosylated nonglycosylated JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 163 22 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 163 23 protein protein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 163 24 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 163 25 N N NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 163 26 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 163 27 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 163 28 seen see VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 163 29 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 163 30 50K. 50k. CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 163 31 Designation designation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 163 32 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 163 33 molecular molecular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 163 34 weights weight NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 163 35 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 163 36 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 163 37 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 163 38 structural structural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 163 39 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 163 40 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 163 41 indicated indicate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 163 42 above above IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 163 43 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 163 44 arrows arrow NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 163 45 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 164 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 164 2 B b NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 164 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 164 4 Virions Virions NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 164 5 labeled label VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 164 6 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 164 7 14C 14c JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 164 8 glucosamine glucosamine NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 164 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 164 10 0 0 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 164 11 - - SYM cord-338307-vfutmwxq 164 12 0 0 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 164 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 164 14 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 164 15 SH SH NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 164 16 fucose fucose NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 165 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 165 2 O o UH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 165 3 --- --- : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 165 4 O o UH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 165 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 165 6 showed show VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 165 7 two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 165 8 classes class NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 165 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 165 10 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 165 11 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 166 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 166 2 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 166 3 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 166 4 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 166 5 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 166 6 labeled label VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 166 7 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 166 8 glucosamine glucosamine NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 166 9 but but CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 166 10 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 166 11 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 166 12 fucose fucose NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 166 13 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 166 14 whereas whereas IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 166 15 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 166 16 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 166 17 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 166 18 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 166 19 labeled label VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 166 20 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 166 21 both both DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 166 22 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 167 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 167 2 Adapted adapt VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 167 3 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 167 4 Sturman Sturman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 167 5 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 167 6 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 167 7 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 167 8 1977 1977 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 167 9 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 167 10 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 167 11 permission permission NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 167 12 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 167 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 168 1 teins teins NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 168 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 168 3 gp180 gp180 NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 168 4 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 168 5 gp90 gp90 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 168 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 168 7 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 168 8 labeled label VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 168 9 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 168 10 both both CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 168 11 fucose fucose JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 168 12 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 168 13 glucosamine glucosamine NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 168 14 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 168 15 whereas whereas IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 168 16 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 168 17 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 168 18 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 168 19 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 168 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 168 21 gp23 gp23 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 168 22 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 168 23 gp38 gp38 JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 168 24 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 168 25 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 168 26 gp60 gp60 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 168 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 168 28 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 168 29 labeled label VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 168 30 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 168 31 glucosamine glucosamine NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 168 32 but but CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 168 33 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 168 34 fucose fucose JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 169 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 169 2 Fig Fig NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 169 3 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 169 4 4B 4b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 169 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 169 6 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 170 1 A a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 170 2 surprising surprising JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 170 3 finding finding NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 170 4 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 170 5 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 170 6 demonstration demonstration NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 170 7 that that WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 170 8 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 170 9 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 170 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 170 11 gp23 gp23 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 170 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 170 13 aggregated aggregate VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 170 14 when when WRB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 170 15 heated heat VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 170 16 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 170 17 100 100 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 170 18 ° ° NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 170 19 C c NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 170 20 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 170 21 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 170 22 presence presence NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 170 23 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 170 24 SDS SDS NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 170 25 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 170 26 mercaptoethanol mercaptoethanol NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 170 27 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 170 28 generating generate VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 170 29 several several JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 170 30 forms form NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 170 31 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 170 32 higher high JJR cord-338307-vfutmwxq 170 33 apparent apparent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 170 34 molecular molecular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 170 35 weights weight NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 170 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 170 37 Sturman Sturman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 170 38 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 170 39 1977 1977 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 170 40 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 170 41 Fig Fig NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 170 42 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 170 43 4B 4b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 170 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 170 45 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 171 1 When when WRB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 171 2 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 171 3 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 171 4 solublized solublize VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 171 5 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 171 6 SDS SDS NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 171 7 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 171 8 37"C 37"c CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 171 9 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 171 10 only only RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 171 11 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 171 12 single single JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 171 13 broad broad JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 171 14 peak peak NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 171 15 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 171 16 23 23 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 171 17 K K NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 171 18 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 171 19 observed observe VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 171 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 171 21 Fig Fig NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 171 22 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 171 23 5A 5a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 171 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 171 25 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 172 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 172 2 180 180 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 172 3 K K NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 172 4 form form NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 172 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 172 6 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 172 7 could could MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 172 8 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 172 9 converted convert VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 172 10 quantitatively quantitatively RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 172 11 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 172 12 90 90 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 172 13 K k NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 172 14 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 172 15 treatment treatment NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 172 16 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 172 17 intact intact JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 172 18 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 172 19 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 172 20 trypsin trypsin NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 172 21 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 172 22 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 172 23 did do VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 172 24 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 172 25 remove remove VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 172 26 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 172 27 peplomers peplomer NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 173 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 173 2 Fig Fig NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 173 3 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 173 4 6 6 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 173 5 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 173 6 Sturman Sturman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 173 7 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 173 8 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 173 9 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 173 10 1977 1977 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 173 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 173 12 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 174 1 When when WRB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 174 2 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 174 3 180 180 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 174 4 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 174 5 90 90 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 174 6 K K NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 174 7 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 174 8 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 174 9 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 174 10 extracted extract VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 174 11 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 174 12 polyacrylamide polyacrylamide JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 174 13 gels gel NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 174 14 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 174 15 further further RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 174 16 digested digest VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 174 17 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 174 18 trypsin trypsin NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 174 19 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 174 20 virtually virtually RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 174 21 identical identical JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 174 22 tryptic tryptic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 174 23 peptide peptide NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 174 24 patterns pattern NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 174 25 resulted result VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 174 26 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 175 1 These these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 175 2 results result NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 175 3 suggested suggest VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 175 4 either either CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 175 5 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 175 6 proteolytic proteolytic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 175 7 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 175 8 prepared prepare VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 175 9 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 175 10 PAGE page NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 175 11 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 175 12 incubating incubate VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 175 13 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 175 14 37 37 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 175 15 ° ° NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 175 16 C c NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 175 17 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 175 18 30 30 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 175 19 minutes minute NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 175 20 instead instead RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 175 21 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 175 22 boiling boil VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 175 23 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 176 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 176 2 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 176 3 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 176 4 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 176 5 did do VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 176 6 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 176 7 aggregate aggregate VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 176 8 into into IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 176 9 dimers dimer NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 176 10 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 176 11 trimers trimer NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 176 12 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 176 13 shown show VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 176 14 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 176 15 Fig Fig NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 176 16 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 177 1 4 4 LS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 177 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 177 3 but but CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 177 4 migrated migrate VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 177 5 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 177 6 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 177 7 broad broad JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 177 8 peak peak NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 177 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 177 10 23K. 23k. CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 177 11 Designations Designations NNPS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 177 12 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 177 13 molecular molecular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 177 14 weights weight NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 177 15 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 177 16 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 177 17 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 177 18 structural structural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 177 19 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 177 20 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 177 21 indicated indicate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 177 22 above above IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 177 23 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 177 24 arrows arrow NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 177 25 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 178 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 178 2 B b NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 178 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 179 1 When when WRB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 179 2 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 179 3 similarly similarly RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 179 4 labeled label VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 179 5 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 179 6 incubated incubate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 179 7 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 179 8 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 179 9 proteolytic proteolytic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 179 10 enzyme enzyme NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 179 11 bromelain bromelain NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 179 12 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 179 13 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 179 14 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 179 15 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 179 16 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 179 17 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 179 18 5 5 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 179 19 K k NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 179 20 glycosylated glycosylated JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 179 21 portion portion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 179 22 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 179 23 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 179 24 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 179 25 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 179 26 removed remove VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 179 27 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 179 28 leaving leave VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 179 29 an an DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 179 30 18 18 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 179 31 K K NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 179 32 portion portion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 179 33 protected protect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 179 34 within within IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 179 35 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 179 36 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 179 37 envelope envelope NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 179 38 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 179 39 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 179 40 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 179 41 protein protein NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 179 42 N N NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 179 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 179 44 VP VP NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 179 45 50 50 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 179 46 K K NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 179 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 179 48 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 180 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 180 2 Adapted adapt VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 180 3 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 180 4 Sturman Sturman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 180 5 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 180 6 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 180 7 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 180 8 1977 1977 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 180 9 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 180 10 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 180 11 permission permission NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 180 12 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 180 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 181 1 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 181 2 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 181 3 10 10 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 181 4 pgiml pgiml NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 181 5 trypsin trypsin NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 181 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 181 7 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 181 8 180 180 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 181 9 K K NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 181 10 form form NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 181 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 181 12 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 181 13 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 181 14 quantiatively quantiatively RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 181 15 converted convert VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 181 16 into into IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 181 17 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 181 18 90 90 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 181 19 K K NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 181 20 formb formb NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 181 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 181 22 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 181 23 while while IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 181 24 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 181 25 other other JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 181 26 two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 181 27 structural structural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 181 28 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 181 29 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 181 30 unchanged unchanged JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 181 31 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 182 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 182 2 Adapted adapt VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 182 3 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 182 4 Sturman Sturman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 182 5 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 182 6 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 182 7 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 182 8 1977 1977 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 182 9 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 182 10 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 182 11 permission permission NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 182 12 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 182 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 183 1 cleavage cleavage NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 183 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 183 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 183 4 180 180 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 183 5 K K NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 183 6 form form NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 183 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 183 8 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 183 9 yielded yield VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 183 10 two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 183 11 different different JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 183 12 90 90 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 183 13 K K NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 183 14 forms form NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 183 15 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 183 16 comigrated comigrate VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 183 17 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 183 18 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 183 19 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 183 20 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 183 21 180 180 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 183 22 K k NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 183 23 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 183 24 might may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 183 25 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 183 26 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 183 27 covalently covalently RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 183 28 linked link VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 183 29 dimer dimer NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 183 30 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 183 31 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 183 32 single single JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 183 33 90 90 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 183 34 K k NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 183 35 species specie NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 183 36 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 184 1 Thus thus RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 184 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 184 3 although although IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 184 4 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 184 5 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 184 6 virion virion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 184 7 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 184 8 composed compose VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 184 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 184 10 only only RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 184 11 three three CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 184 12 major major JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 184 13 structural structural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 184 14 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 184 15 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 184 16 multiple multiple JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 184 17 forms form NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 184 18 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 184 19 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 184 20 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 184 21 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 184 22 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 184 23 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 184 24 generated generate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 184 25 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 184 26 aggregation aggregation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 184 27 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 184 28 proteolysis proteolysis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 184 29 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 185 1 Similar similar JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 185 2 observations observation NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 185 3 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 185 4 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 185 5 made make VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 185 6 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 185 7 some some DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 185 8 other other JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 185 9 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 185 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 185 11 see see VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 185 12 below below RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 185 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 185 14 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 186 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 186 2 structures structure NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 186 3 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 186 4 functions function NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 186 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 186 6 these these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 186 7 two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 186 8 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 186 9 will will MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 186 10 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 186 11 considered consider VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 186 12 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 186 13 detail detail NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 186 14 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 186 15 Section Section NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 186 16 IV IV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 186 17 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 187 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 187 2 study study NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 187 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 187 4 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 187 5 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 187 6 A59 A59 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 187 7 also also RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 187 8 provided provide VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 187 9 information information NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 187 10 about about IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 187 11 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 187 12 relative relative JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 187 13 ratios ratio NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 187 14 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 187 15 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 187 16 structural structural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 187 17 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 187 18 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 187 19 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 187 20 orientation orientation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 187 21 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 187 22 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 187 23 virion virion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 187 24 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 188 1 On on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 188 2 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 188 3 basis basis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 188 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 188 5 incorporation incorporation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 188 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 188 7 radioisotopic radioisotopic NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 188 8 labels label NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 188 9 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 188 10 we -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 188 11 estimated estimate VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 188 12 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 188 13 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 188 14 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 188 15 occur occur VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 188 16 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 188 17 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 188 18 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 188 19 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 188 20 ratio ratio NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 188 21 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 188 22 8 8 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 188 23 N n CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 188 24 : : : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 188 25 16 16 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 188 26 El El NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 188 27 : : : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 188 28 l l NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 188 29 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 188 30 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 189 1 As as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 189 2 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 189 3 TGEV TGEV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 189 4 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 189 5 treatment treatment NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 189 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 189 7 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 189 8 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 189 9 bromelain bromelain NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 189 10 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 189 11 Pronase Pronase NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 189 12 resulted result VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 189 13 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 189 14 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 189 15 loss loss NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 189 16 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 189 17 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 189 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 189 19 Fig Fig NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 189 20 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 189 21 5B 5b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 189 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 189 23 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 189 24 removal removal NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 189 25 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 189 26 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 189 27 peplomers peplomer NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 189 28 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 189 29 spikes spike NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 189 30 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 189 31 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 189 32 virion virion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 189 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 189 34 Sturman Sturman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 189 35 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 189 36 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 189 37 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 189 38 1977 1977 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 189 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 189 40 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 190 1 Pronase Pronase NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 190 2 also also RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 190 3 removed remove VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 190 4 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 190 5 5 5 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 190 6 K k NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 190 7 glycosylated glycosylated JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 190 8 portion portion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 190 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 190 10 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 190 11 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 190 12 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 190 13 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 190 14 suggested suggest VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 190 15 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 190 16 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 190 17 terminal terminal JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 190 18 glycosylated glycosylated JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 190 19 region region NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 190 20 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 190 21 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 190 22 l l NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 190 23 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 190 24 exposed expose VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 190 25 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 190 26 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 190 27 outer outer JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 190 28 surface surface NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 190 29 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 190 30 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 190 31 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 190 32 envelope envelope NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 190 33 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 190 34 while while IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 190 35 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 190 36 larger large JJR cord-338307-vfutmwxq 190 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 190 38 18 18 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 190 39 K K NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 190 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 190 41 nonglycosylated nonglycosylated JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 190 42 region region NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 190 43 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 190 44 protected protect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 190 45 within within IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 190 46 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 190 47 envelope envelope NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 190 48 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 191 1 Since since IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 191 2 Pronase Pronase NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 191 3 treatment treatment NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 191 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 191 5 intact intact JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 191 6 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 191 7 did do VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 191 8 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 191 9 affect affect VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 191 10 N N NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 191 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 191 12 50K1 50k1 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 191 13 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 191 14 N N NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 191 15 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 191 16 thought think VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 191 17 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 191 18 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 191 19 an an DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 191 20 internal internal JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 191 21 protein protein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 191 22 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 192 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 192 2 structural structural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 192 3 relationships relationship NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 192 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 192 5 these these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 192 6 three three CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 192 7 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 192 8 polypeptides polypeptide NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 192 9 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 192 10 summarized summarize VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 192 11 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 192 12 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 192 13 model model NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 192 14 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 192 15 Fig Fig NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 192 16 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 193 1 3 3 LS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 193 2 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 194 1 Wege Wege NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 194 2 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 194 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 194 4 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 195 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 195 2 1979 1979 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 195 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 195 4 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 195 5 investigating investigate VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 195 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 195 7 structural structural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 195 8 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 195 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 195 10 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 195 11 JHM JHM NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 195 12 strain strain NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 195 13 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 195 14 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 195 15 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 195 16 detected detect VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 195 17 two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 195 18 species specie NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 195 19 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 195 20 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 195 21 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 195 22 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 195 23 SDS SDS NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 195 24 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 195 25 polyacrylamide polyacrylamide NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 195 26 gel gel NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 195 27 electrophoresis electrophoresis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 195 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 195 29 SDS SDS NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 195 30 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 195 31 PAGE PAGE NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 195 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 195 33 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 195 34 appeared appear VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 195 35 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 195 36 correspond correspond VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 195 37 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 195 38 nonglycosylated nonglycosylated JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 195 39 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 195 40 glycosylated glycosylated JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 195 41 forms form NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 195 42 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 195 43 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 195 44 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 195 45 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 196 1 In in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 196 2 addition addition NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 196 3 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 196 4 they -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 196 5 showed show VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 196 6 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 196 7 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 196 8 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 196 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 196 10 90 90 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 196 11 K K NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 196 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 196 13 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 196 14 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 196 15 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 196 16 JHM JHM NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 196 17 could could MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 196 18 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 196 19 resolved resolve VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 196 20 into into IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 196 21 two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 196 22 distinct distinct JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 196 23 bands band NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 196 24 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 197 1 In in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 197 2 contrast contrast NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 197 3 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 197 4 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 197 5 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 197 6 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 197 7 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 197 8 A59 A59 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 197 9 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 197 10 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 197 11 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 197 12 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 197 13 JHM JHM NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 197 14 became become VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 197 15 aggregated aggregate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 197 16 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 197 17 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 197 18 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 197 19 when when WRB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 197 20 heated heat VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 197 21 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 197 22 100 100 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 197 23 ° ° NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 197 24 C c NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 197 25 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 197 26 remained remain VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 197 27 near near IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 197 28 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 197 29 origin origin NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 197 30 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 197 31 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 197 32 resolving resolve VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 197 33 gel gel NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 197 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 197 35 Wege Wege NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 197 36 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 197 37 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 197 38 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 197 39 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 197 40 1979 1979 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 197 41 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 197 42 Siddell Siddell NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 197 43 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 197 44 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 197 45 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 197 46 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 197 47 1981b 1981b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 197 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 197 49 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 198 1 Comparison comparison NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 198 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 198 3 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 198 4 variety variety NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 198 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 198 6 strains strain NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 198 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 198 8 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 198 9 revealed reveal VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 198 10 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 198 11 some some DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 198 12 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 198 13 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 198 14 homologous homologous JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 198 15 polypeptides polypeptide NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 198 16 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 198 17 different different JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 198 18 strains strain NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 198 19 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 198 20 distinguishable distinguishable JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 198 21 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 198 22 PAGE page NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 198 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 198 24 Stohlman Stohlman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 198 25 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 198 26 Lai Lai NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 198 27 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 198 28 1979 1979 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 198 29 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 198 30 Anderson Anderson NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 198 31 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 198 32 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 198 33 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 198 34 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 198 35 1979 1979 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 198 36 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 198 37 Bond Bond NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 198 38 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 198 39 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 198 40 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 198 41 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 198 42 1979 1979 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 198 43 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 198 44 Cheley Cheley NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 198 45 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 198 46 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 198 47 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 198 48 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 198 49 1981b 1981b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 198 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 198 51 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 199 1 This this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 199 2 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 199 3 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 199 4 useful useful JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 199 5 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 199 6 genetic genetic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 199 7 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 199 8 complementation complementation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 199 9 studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 199 10 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 200 1 Stohlman Stohlman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 200 2 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 200 3 Lai Lai NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 200 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 200 5 1979 1979 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 200 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 200 7 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 200 8 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 200 9 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 200 10 N n CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 200 11 polypeptide polypeptide NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 200 12 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 200 13 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 200 14 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 200 15 phosphorylated phosphorylate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 200 16 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 200 17 serine serine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 200 18 residues residue NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 200 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 200 20 Fig Fig NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 200 21 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 200 22 7 7 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 200 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 200 24 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 201 1 Subsequently subsequently RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 201 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 201 3 ' ' `` cord-338307-vfutmwxq 201 4 * * NFP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 201 5 I -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 201 6 Siddell Siddell NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 201 7 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 201 8 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 201 9 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 202 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 202 2 1981a 1981a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 202 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 202 4 identified identify VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 202 5 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 202 6 cyclic cyclic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 202 7 AMP amp NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 202 8 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 202 9 independent independent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 202 10 protein protein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 202 11 kinase kinase NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 202 12 activity activity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 202 13 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 202 14 copurified copurifie VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 202 15 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 202 16 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 202 17 virion virion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 202 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 202 19 Fig Fig NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 202 20 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 202 21 8) 8) NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 202 22 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 203 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 203 2 functional functional JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 203 3 significance significance NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 203 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 203 5 phosphorylation phosphorylation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 203 6 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 203 7 transcription transcription NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 203 8 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 203 9 translation translation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 203 10 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 203 11 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 203 12 maturation maturation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 203 13 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 203 14 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 203 15 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 203 16 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 203 17 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 203 18 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 203 19 yet yet RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 203 20 known know VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 203 21 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 204 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 204 2 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 204 3 sequence sequence NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 204 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 204 5 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 204 6 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 204 7 encoding encode VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 204 8 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 204 9 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 204 10 protein protein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 204 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 204 12 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 204 13 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 204 14 A59 A59 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 204 15 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 204 16 recently recently RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 204 17 determined determine VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 204 18 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 204 19 Armstrong Armstrong NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 204 20 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 204 21 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 204 22 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 205 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 205 2 1983 1983 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 205 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 205 4 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 206 1 This this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 206 2 sequence sequence NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 206 3 contained contain VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 206 4 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 206 5 single single JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 206 6 long long JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 206 7 open open JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 206 8 reading reading NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 206 9 frame frame NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 206 10 encoding encode VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 206 11 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 206 12 protein protein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 206 13 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 206 14 molecular molecular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 206 15 weight weight NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 206 16 49,660 49,660 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 206 17 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 206 18 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 206 19 enriched enrich VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 206 20 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 206 21 basic basic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 206 22 residues residue NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 206 23 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 207 1 There there EX cord-338307-vfutmwxq 207 2 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 207 3 also also RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 207 4 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 207 5 second second JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 207 6 short short JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 207 7 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 207 8 open open JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 207 9 reading reading NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 207 10 frame frame NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 207 11 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 207 12 this this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 207 13 sequence sequence NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 207 14 predicting predict VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 207 15 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 207 16 polypeptide polypeptide NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 207 17 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 207 18 90 90 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 207 19 amino amino NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 207 20 acids acid NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 207 21 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 208 1 However however RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 208 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 208 3 no no DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 208 4 such such JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 208 5 product product NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 208 6 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 208 7 yet yet RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 208 8 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 208 9 identified identify VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 208 10 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 209 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 209 2 pattern pattern NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 209 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 209 4 three three CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 209 5 major major JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 209 6 structural structural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 209 7 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 209 8 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 209 9 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 209 10 organization organization NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 209 11 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 209 12 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 209 13 virion virion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 209 14 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 209 15 shown show VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 209 16 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 209 17 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 209 18 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 209 19 A59 A59 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 209 20 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 209 21 Fig Fig NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 209 22 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 210 1 3 3 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 210 2 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 210 3 generally generally RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 210 4 applicable applicable JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 210 5 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 210 6 most most JJS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 210 7 other other JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 210 8 species specie NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 210 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 210 10 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 210 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 210 12 reviewed review VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 210 13 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 210 14 detail detail NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 210 15 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 210 16 Siddell Siddell NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 210 17 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 210 18 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 210 19 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 210 20 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 210 21 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 210 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 210 23 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 1 Although although IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 2 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 3 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 5 different different JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 6 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 7 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 8 different different JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 9 molecular molecular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 10 weights weight NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 11 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 12 similar similar JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 13 polypeptide polypeptide NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 14 patterns pattern NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 15 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 16 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 17 obtained obtain VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 18 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 19 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 20 porcine porcine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 21 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 22 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 23 transmissible transmissible JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 24 gastroenteritis gastroenteritis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 25 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 26 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 27 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 28 hemagglutination hemagglutination NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 29 encephalomyelitis encephalomyelitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 30 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 31 Pocock Pocock NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 32 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 33 Garwes Garwes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 34 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 35 1977 1977 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 36 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 37 Callebaut Callebaut NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 38 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 39 Pensaert Pensaert NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 40 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 41 1980 1980 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 42 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 43 K. K. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 44 Moreau Moreau NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 45 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 46 D. D. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 47 A. A. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 48 Brian Brian NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 49 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 50 personal personal JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 51 communication communication NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 53 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 54 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 55 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 56 canine canine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 57 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 58 I71 I71 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 59 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 60 Garwes Garwes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 61 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 62 Reynolds Reynolds NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 63 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 64 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 65 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 66 Carmichael Carmichael NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 67 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 68 Binn Binn NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 69 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 70 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 71 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 72 see see VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 73 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 74 review review NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 75 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 76 Garwes Garwes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 77 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 78 1980 1980 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 79 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 211 80 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 212 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 212 2 structural structural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 212 3 polypeptides polypeptide NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 212 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 212 5 several several JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 212 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 212 7 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 212 8 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 212 9 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 212 10 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 212 11 including include VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 212 12 those those DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 212 13 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 212 14 rats rat NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 212 15 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 212 16 cats cat NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 212 17 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 212 18 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 212 19 rabbits rabbit NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 212 20 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 212 21 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 212 22 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 212 23 yet yet RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 212 24 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 212 25 investigated investigate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 212 26 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 213 1 Macnaughton Macnaughton NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 213 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 213 3 1980 1980 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 213 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 213 5 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 213 6 Schmidt Schmidt NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 213 7 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 213 8 Kenny Kenny NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 213 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 213 10 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 213 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 213 12 reexamined reexamine VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 213 13 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 213 14 polypeptide polypeptide JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 213 15 composition composition NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 213 16 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 213 17 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 213 18 human human JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 213 19 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 213 20 2293 2293 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 213 21 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 213 22 OC43 OC43 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 213 23 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 213 24 obtained obtain VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 213 25 results result NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 213 26 similar similar JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 213 27 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 213 28 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 213 29 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 214 1 Schmidt Schmidt NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 214 2 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 214 3 Kenny Kenny NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 214 4 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 214 5 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 214 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 214 7 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 214 8 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 214 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 214 10 OC43 OC43 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 214 11 aggregated aggregate VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 214 12 upon upon IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 214 13 heating heating NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 214 14 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 214 15 SDS SDS NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 214 16 under under IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 214 17 reducing reduce VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 214 18 conditions condition NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 214 19 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 214 20 whereas whereas IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 214 21 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 214 22 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 214 23 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 214 24 2293 2293 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 214 25 did do VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 214 26 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 214 27 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 215 1 Several several JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 215 2 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 215 3 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 215 4 have have VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 215 5 an an DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 215 6 additional additional JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 215 7 envelope envelope NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 215 8 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 215 9 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 216 1 In in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 216 2 some some DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 216 3 bovine bovine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 216 4 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 216 5 porcine porcine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 216 6 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 216 7 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 216 8 three three CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 216 9 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 216 10 four four CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 216 11 large large JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 216 12 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 216 13 peaks peak NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 216 14 associated associate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 216 15 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 216 16 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 216 17 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 216 18 peplomers peplomer NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 216 19 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 216 20 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 216 21 identified identify VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 216 22 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 216 23 SDS SDS NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 216 24 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 216 25 PAGE PAGE NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 216 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 216 27 King King NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 216 28 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 216 29 Brian Brian NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 216 30 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 216 31 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 216 32 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 216 33 Callebaut Callebaut NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 216 34 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 216 35 Pensaert Pensaert NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 216 36 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 216 37 19801 19801 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 216 38 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 216 39 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 216 40 more more JJR cord-338307-vfutmwxq 216 41 than than IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 216 42 one one CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 216 43 morphologically morphologically RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 216 44 distinguishable distinguishable JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 216 45 spike spike NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 216 46 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 216 47 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 216 48 detected detect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 216 49 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 216 50 electron electron NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 216 51 microscopy microscopy NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 217 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 217 2 Bridger Bridger NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 217 3 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 217 4 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 217 5 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 217 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 217 7 1978 1978 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 217 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 217 9 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 218 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 218 2 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 218 3 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 218 4 suggested suggest VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 218 5 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 218 6 these these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 218 7 viruses virus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 218 8 possess possess VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 218 9 several several JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 218 10 different different JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 218 11 types type NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 218 12 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 218 13 peplomers peplomer NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 218 14 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 219 1 However however RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 219 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 219 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 219 4 relationship relationship NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 219 5 between between IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 219 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 219 7 components component NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 219 8 detected detect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 219 9 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 219 10 SDS SDS NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 219 11 gels gel NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 219 12 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 219 13 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 219 14 morphologic morphologic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 219 15 subunits subunit NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 219 16 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 219 17 these these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 219 18 viruses virus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 219 19 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 219 20 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 219 21 yet yet RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 219 22 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 219 23 elucidated elucidate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 219 24 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 220 1 For for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 220 2 some some DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 220 3 time time NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 220 4 it -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 220 5 appeared appear VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 220 6 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 220 7 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 220 8 structural structural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 220 9 polypeptides polypeptide NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 220 10 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 220 11 an an DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 220 12 avian avian JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 220 13 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 220 14 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 220 15 IBV IBV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 220 16 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 220 17 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 220 18 more more RBR cord-338307-vfutmwxq 220 19 complex complex JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 220 20 than than IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 220 21 those those DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 220 22 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 220 23 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 220 24 FIG fig NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 220 25 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 221 1 8 8 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 221 2 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 222 1 Demonstration demonstration NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 222 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 222 3 virion virion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 222 4 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 222 5 associated associate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 222 6 protein protein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 222 7 kinase kinase NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 222 8 activity activity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 222 9 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 223 1 Virion virion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 223 2 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 223 3 associated associate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 223 4 protein protein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 223 5 kinase kinase NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 223 6 activity activity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 223 7 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 223 8 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 223 9 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 223 10 detergent detergent NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 223 11 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 223 12 disrupted disrupt VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 223 13 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 223 14 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 223 15 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 223 16 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 223 17 incorporation incorporation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 223 18 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 223 19 32P 32p CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 223 20 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 223 21 orthophosphate orthophosphate JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 223 22 into into IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 223 23 protein protein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 223 24 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 224 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 224 2 PAGE page NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 224 3 pattern pattern NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 224 4 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 224 5 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 224 6 right right NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 224 7 indicates indicate VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 224 8 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 224 9 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 224 10 only only JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 224 11 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 224 12 structural structural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 224 13 protein protein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 224 14 phosphorylated phosphorylate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 224 15 during during IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 224 16 this this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 224 17 reaction reaction NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 224 18 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 224 19 N. N. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 224 20 Lanes Lanes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 224 21 indicate indicate VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 224 22 times time NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 224 23 after after IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 224 24 initiation initiation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 224 25 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 224 26 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 224 27 reaction reaction NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 224 28 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 224 29 molecular molecular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 224 30 weight weight NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 224 31 standards standard NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 224 32 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 224 33 shown show VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 224 34 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 224 35 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 224 36 right right NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 224 37 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 225 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 225 2 Reproduced reproduce VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 225 3 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 225 4 Siddell Siddell NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 225 5 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 225 6 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 225 7 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 225 8 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 225 9 1981a 1981a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 225 10 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 225 11 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 225 12 permission permission NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 225 13 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 225 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 226 1 coronaviruses coronaviruses NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 226 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 226 3 Bingham Bingham NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 226 4 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 226 5 1975 1975 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 226 6 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 227 1 Collins Collins NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 227 2 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 227 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 227 4 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 227 5 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 227 6 1976 1976 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 227 7 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 227 8 Alexander Alexander NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 227 9 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 227 10 Collins Collins NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 227 11 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 227 12 1977 1977 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 227 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 227 14 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 228 1 However however RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 228 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 228 3 Macnaughton Macnaughton NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 228 4 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 228 5 Madge Madge NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 228 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 228 7 1977a 1977a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 228 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 228 9 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 228 10 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 228 11 harsh harsh JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 228 12 conditions condition NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 228 13 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 228 14 sample sample NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 228 15 treatment treatment NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 228 16 generated generate VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 228 17 spurious spurious JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 228 18 additional additional JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 228 19 bands band NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 228 20 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 228 21 SDS SDS NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 228 22 gels gel NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 228 23 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 229 1 These these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 229 2 studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 229 3 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 229 4 extended extend VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 229 5 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 229 6 Collins Collins NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 229 7 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 229 8 Alexander Alexander NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 229 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 229 10 1980a 1980a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 229 11 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 229 12 b b LS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 229 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 229 14 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 229 15 Lancer Lancer NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 229 16 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 229 17 Howard Howard NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 229 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 229 19 1980 1980 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 229 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 229 21 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 230 1 By by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 230 2 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 230 3 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 230 4 it -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 230 5 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 230 6 apparent apparent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 230 7 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 230 8 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 230 9 work work NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 230 10 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 230 11 several several JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 230 12 investigators investigator NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 230 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 230 14 Cavanagh Cavanagh NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 230 15 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 230 16 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 230 17 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 230 18 Wadey Wadey NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 230 19 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 230 20 Westaway Westaway NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 230 21 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 230 22 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 230 23 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 230 24 Lomniczi Lomniczi NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 230 25 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 230 26 Morser Morser NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 230 27 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 230 28 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 230 29 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 230 30 Macnaughton Macnaughton NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 230 31 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 230 32 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 230 33 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 230 34 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 230 35 there there EX cord-338307-vfutmwxq 230 36 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 230 37 three three CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 230 38 major major JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 230 39 classes class NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 230 40 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 230 41 IBV IBV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 230 42 structural structural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 230 43 polypeptides polypeptide NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 230 44 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 231 1 Contamination contamination NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 231 2 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 231 3 host host NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 231 4 polypeptides polypeptide NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 231 5 seems seem VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 231 6 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 231 7 have have VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 231 8 caused cause VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 231 9 many many JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 231 10 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 231 11 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 231 12 problems problem NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 231 13 associated associate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 231 14 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 231 15 studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 231 16 using use VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 231 17 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 231 18 grown grow VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 231 19 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 231 20 embryonated embryonated NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 231 21 egge egge NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 231 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 231 23 Wadey Wadey NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 231 24 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 231 25 Westaway Westaway NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 231 26 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 231 27 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 231 28 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 231 29 Cavanagh Cavanagh NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 231 30 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 231 31 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 231 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 231 33 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 232 1 Lomniczi Lomniczi NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 232 2 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 232 3 Morser Morser NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 232 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 232 5 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 232 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 232 7 showed show VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 232 8 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 232 9 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 232 10 N n CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 232 11 polypeptide polypeptide NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 232 12 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 232 13 IBV IBV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 232 14 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 232 15 phosphorylated phosphorylate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 232 16 like like IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 232 17 that that DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 232 18 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 232 19 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 232 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 232 21 Stohlman Stohlman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 232 22 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 232 23 Lai Lai NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 232 24 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 232 25 1979 1979 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 232 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 232 27 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 233 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 233 2 found find VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 233 3 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 233 4 actin actin NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 233 5 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 233 6 bound bind VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 233 7 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 233 8 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 233 9 surface surface NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 233 10 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 233 11 purified purify VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 233 12 IBV IBV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 233 13 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 233 14 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 234 1 In in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 234 2 contrast contrast NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 234 3 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 234 4 actin actin NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 234 5 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 234 6 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 234 7 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 234 8 detected detect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 234 9 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 234 10 purified purify VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 234 11 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 234 12 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 234 13 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 235 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 235 2 polypeptide polypeptide JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 235 3 composition composition NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 235 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 235 5 another another DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 235 6 avian avian JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 235 7 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 235 8 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 235 9 turkey turkey NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 235 10 bluecomb bluecomb NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 235 11 disease disease NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 235 12 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 235 13 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 235 14 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 235 15 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 235 16 yet yet RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 235 17 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 235 18 reported report VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 235 19 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 236 1 Differences difference NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 236 2 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 236 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 236 4 carbohydrate carbohydrate NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 236 5 compositions composition NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 236 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 236 7 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 236 8 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 236 9 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 236 10 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 236 11 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 236 12 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 236 13 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 236 14 first first RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 236 15 indicated indicate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 236 16 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 236 17 results result NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 236 18 obtained obtain VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 236 19 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 236 20 metabolic metabolic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 236 21 labeling labeling NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 236 22 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 236 23 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 236 24 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 236 25 radioisotopic radioisotopic NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 236 26 precursors precursor NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 236 27 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 237 1 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 237 2 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 237 3 labeled label VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 237 4 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 237 5 both both CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 237 6 fucose fucose JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 237 7 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 237 8 glucosamine glucosamine NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 237 9 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 237 10 whereas whereas IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 237 11 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 237 12 l l NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 237 13 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 237 14 labeled label VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 237 15 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 237 16 glucosamine glucosamine NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 237 17 but but CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 237 18 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 237 19 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 237 20 fucose fucose NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 237 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 237 22 Sturman Sturman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 237 23 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 237 24 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 237 25 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 237 26 1977 1977 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 237 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 237 28 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 238 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 238 2 carbohydrate carbohydrate NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 238 3 compositions composition NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 238 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 238 5 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 238 6 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 238 7 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 238 8 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 238 9 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 238 10 analyzed analyze VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 238 11 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 238 12 Niemann Niemann NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 238 13 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 238 14 Klenk Klenk NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 238 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 238 16 1981a 1981a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 238 17 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 238 18 b b LS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 238 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 238 20 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 239 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 239 2 results result NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 239 3 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 239 4 shown show VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 239 5 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 239 6 Table Table NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 239 7 11 11 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 239 8 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 240 1 As as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 240 2 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 240 3 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 240 4 often often RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 240 5 grouped group VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 240 6 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 240 7 myxoviruses myxovirus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 240 8 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 240 9 early early JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 240 10 classification classification NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 240 11 schemes scheme NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 240 12 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 240 13 it -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 240 14 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 240 15 interesting interesting JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 240 16 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 240 17 note note VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 240 18 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 240 19 both both DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 240 20 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 240 21 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 240 22 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 240 23 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 240 24 contained contain VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 240 25 sialic sialic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 240 26 acid acid NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 240 27 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 240 28 unlike unlike IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 240 29 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 240 30 myxovirus myxovirus NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 240 31 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 240 32 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 241 1 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 241 2 also also RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 241 3 contained contain VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 241 4 substantial substantial JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 241 5 amounts amount NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 241 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 241 7 mannose mannose NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 241 8 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 241 9 galactose galactose NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 241 10 plus plus CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 241 11 fucose fucose JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 241 12 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 241 13 glucose glucose NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 241 14 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 241 15 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 241 16 N n CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 241 17 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 241 18 acetylglucosamine acetylglucosamine NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 241 19 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 242 1 These these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 242 2 sugars sugar NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 242 3 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 242 4 all all DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 242 5 found find VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 242 6 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 242 7 high high JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 242 8 mannose mannose NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 242 9 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 242 10 complex complex JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 242 11 oligosaccharides oligosaccharide NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 242 12 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 242 13 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 242 14 derived derive VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 242 15 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 242 16 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 242 17 mannose mannose JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 242 18 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 242 19 trisaccharide trisaccharide NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 242 20 core core NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 242 21 Nglycosidically nglycosidically RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 242 22 linked link VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 242 23 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 242 24 asparagine asparagine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 242 25 residues residue NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 242 26 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 242 27 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 242 28 protein protein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 242 29 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 243 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 243 2 oligosaccharide oligosaccharide NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 243 3 side side NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 243 4 chains chain NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 243 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 243 6 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 243 7 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 243 8 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 243 9 strikingly strikingly RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 243 10 different different JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 243 11 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 243 12 those those DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 243 13 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 243 14 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 243 15 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 243 16 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 243 17 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 243 18 they -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 243 19 lacked lack VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 243 20 fucose fucose NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 243 21 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 243 22 contained contain VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 243 23 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 243 24 high high JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 243 25 proportion proportion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 243 26 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 243 27 Nacetylgalactosamine Nacetylgalactosamine NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 243 28 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 243 29 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 243 30 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 243 31 absent absent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 243 32 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 243 33 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 243 34 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 244 1 Recent recent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 244 2 evidence evidence NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 244 3 indicates indicate VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 244 4 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 244 5 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 244 6 MHV mhv NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 244 7 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 244 8 infected infect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 244 9 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 244 10 labeled label VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 244 11 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 244 12 glucosamine glucosamine NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 244 13 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 244 14 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 244 15 glucosamine glucosamine NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 244 16 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 244 17 converted convert VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 244 18 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 244 19 N n CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 244 20 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 244 21 acetylgalactosamine acetylgalactosamine NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 244 22 prior prior RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 244 23 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 244 24 incorporation incorporation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 244 25 into into IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 244 26 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 244 27 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 244 28 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 244 29 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 244 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 244 31 H. H. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 244 32 Niemann Niemann NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 244 33 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 244 34 personal personal JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 244 35 communication communication NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 244 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 244 37 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 245 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 245 2 carbohydrate carbohydrate NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 245 3 composition composition NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 245 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 245 5 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 245 6 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 245 7 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 245 8 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 245 9 suggested suggest VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 245 10 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 245 11 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 245 12 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 245 13 oligosaccharides oligosaccharide NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 245 14 might may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 245 15 possess possess VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 245 16 0-glycosidic 0-glycosidic CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 245 17 linkages linkage NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 245 18 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 245 19 serine serine NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 245 20 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 245 21 threonine threonine NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 245 22 residues residue NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 245 23 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 245 24 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 245 25 protein protein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 245 26 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 246 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 246 2 same same JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 246 3 conclusion conclusion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 246 4 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 246 5 reached reach VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 246 6 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 246 7 others other NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 246 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 246 9 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 246 10 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 246 11 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 246 12 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 246 13 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 246 14 1981a 1981a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 246 15 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 246 16 b b LS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 246 17 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 246 18 Siddell Siddell NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 246 19 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 246 20 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 246 21 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 247 1 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 247 2 1981c 1981c CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 247 3 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 247 4 Rottier Rottier NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 247 5 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 247 6 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 247 7 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 247 8 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 247 9 1981b 1981b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 247 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 248 1 based base VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 248 2 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 248 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 248 4 resistance resistance NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 248 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 248 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 248 7 glycosylation glycosylation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 248 8 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 248 9 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 248 10 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 248 11 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 248 12 tunicamycin tunicamycin NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 248 13 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 248 14 an an DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 248 15 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 248 16 specific specific JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 248 17 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 248 18 N n NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 248 19 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 248 20 glycosylation glycosylation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 248 21 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 249 1 Such such JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 249 2 0-linked 0-linked CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 249 3 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 249 4 had have VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 249 5 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 249 6 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 249 7 found find VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 249 8 previously previously RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 249 9 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 249 10 viruses virus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 249 11 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 250 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 250 2 glycopeptides glycopeptide NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 250 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 250 4 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 250 5 l l NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 250 6 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 250 7 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 250 8 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 250 9 readily readily RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 250 10 distinguishable distinguishable JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 250 11 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 250 12 electrophoresis electrophoresis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 250 13 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 250 14 borate borate NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 250 15 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 250 16 polyacrylamide polyacrylamide NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 250 17 gels gel NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 250 18 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 250 19 high high JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 250 20 pH ph NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 250 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 250 22 Sturman Sturman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 250 23 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 250 24 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 250 25 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 250 26 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 250 27 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 250 28 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 250 29 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 250 30 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 250 31 1981a 1981a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 250 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 250 33 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 250 34 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 250 35 column column NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 250 36 chromatography chromatography NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 250 37 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 250 38 Biogel Biogel NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 250 39 P6 P6 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 250 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 250 41 Niemann Niemann NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 250 42 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 250 43 Klenk Klenk NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 250 44 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 250 45 1981a 1981a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 250 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 250 47 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 251 1 Niemann Niemann NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 251 2 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 251 3 Klenk Klenk NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 251 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 251 5 1981b 1981b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 251 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 251 7 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 251 8 conclusively conclusively RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 251 9 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 251 10 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 251 11 oligosaccharide oligosaccharide NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 251 12 moieties moiety NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 251 13 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 251 14 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 251 15 l l NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 251 16 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 251 17 attachd attachd NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 251 18 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 251 19 0glycosidic 0glycosidic CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 251 20 linkages linkage NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 251 21 since since IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 251 22 they -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 251 23 could could MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 251 24 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 251 25 released release VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 251 26 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 251 27 p p NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 251 28 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 251 29 elimination elimination NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 251 30 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 251 31 sodium sodium NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 251 32 borohydride borohydride NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 251 33 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 252 1 Recently recently RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 252 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 252 3 H. H. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 252 4 Niemann Niemann NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 252 5 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 252 6 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 252 7 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 253 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 253 2 personal personal JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 253 3 communication communication NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 253 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 253 5 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 253 6 used use VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 253 7 high high JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 253 8 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 253 9 performance performance NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 253 10 liquid liquid NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 253 11 chromatography chromatography NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 253 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 253 13 HPLC HPLC NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 253 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 253 15 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 253 16 characterize characterize VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 253 17 two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 253 18 species specie NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 253 19 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 253 20 oligosaccharide oligosaccharide NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 253 21 chains chain NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 253 22 released release VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 253 23 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 253 24 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 253 25 1 1 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 253 26 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 253 27 p p NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 253 28 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 253 29 elimination elimination NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 253 30 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 254 1 These these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 254 2 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 254 3 shown show VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 254 4 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 254 5 Fig Fig NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 254 6 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 255 1 9 9 LS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 255 2 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 256 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 256 2 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 256 3 highly highly RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 256 4 probable probable JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 256 5 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 256 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 256 7 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 256 8 makes make VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 256 9 use use NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 256 10 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 256 11 host host NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 256 12 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 256 13 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 256 14 enzymes enzyme NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 256 15 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 256 16 0-linked 0-linked CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 256 17 glycosylation glycosylation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 256 18 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 256 19 other other JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 256 20 viruses virus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 256 21 do do VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 256 22 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 256 23 N n CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 256 24 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 256 25 linked link VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 256 26 glycosylation glycosylation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 256 27 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 257 1 Thus thus RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 257 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 257 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 257 4 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 257 5 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 257 6 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 257 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 257 8 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 257 9 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 257 10 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 257 11 considerable considerable JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 257 12 interest interest NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 257 13 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 257 14 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 257 15 model model NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 257 16 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 257 17 studying study VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 257 18 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 257 19 synthesis synthesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 257 20 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 257 21 glycosylation glycosylation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 257 22 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 257 23 0-linked 0-linked CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 257 24 cellular cellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 257 25 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 257 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 257 27 see see VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 257 28 Sections section NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 257 29 II1 II1 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 257 30 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 257 31 D D NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 257 32 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 257 33 IV IV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 257 34 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 257 35 B B NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 257 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 257 37 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 258 1 There there EX cord-338307-vfutmwxq 258 2 appears appear VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 258 3 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 258 4 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 258 5 considerable considerable JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 258 6 variation variation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 258 7 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 258 8 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 258 9 glycosylation glycosylation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 258 10 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 258 11 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 258 12 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 258 13 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 258 14 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 258 15 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 258 16 different different JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 258 17 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 258 18 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 259 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 259 2 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 259 3 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 259 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 259 5 some some DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 259 6 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 259 7 strains strain NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 259 8 could could MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 259 9 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 259 10 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 259 11 labeled label VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 259 12 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 259 13 glucosamine glucosamine NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 259 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 259 15 Anderson Anderson NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 259 16 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 259 17 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 259 18 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 259 19 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 259 20 1979 1979 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 259 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 259 22 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 259 23 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 259 24 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 259 25 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 259 26 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 259 27 TGEV TGEV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 259 28 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 259 29 labeled label VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 259 30 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 259 31 both both CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 259 32 fucose fucose JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 259 33 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 259 34 glucosamine glucosamine NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 259 35 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 259 36 also also RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 259 37 see see VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 259 38 review review NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 259 39 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 259 40 Games Games NNPS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 259 41 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 259 42 1980 1980 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 259 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 259 44 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 260 1 Recent recent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 260 2 _SP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 260 3 NeuNAc NeuNAc NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 260 4 2 2 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 260 5 1 1 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 260 6 6 6 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 260 7 la la NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 261 1 NeuNAcZ~3Cal1 NeuNAcZ~3Cal1 NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 261 2 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 261 3 --3GalNAc --3galnac NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 261 4 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 261 5 OH oh JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 261 6 evidence evidence NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 261 7 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 261 8 endoglycosidase endoglycosidase NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 261 9 H h NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 261 10 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 261 11 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 261 12 tunicamycin tunicamycin NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 261 13 inhibition inhibition NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 261 14 studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 261 15 indicated indicate VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 261 16 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 261 17 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 261 18 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 261 19 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 261 20 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 261 21 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 261 22 IBV IBV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 261 23 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 261 24 N n CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 261 25 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 261 26 linked link VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 261 27 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 261 28 rather rather RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 261 29 than than IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 261 30 O o NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 261 31 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 261 32 linked link VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 261 33 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 262 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 262 2 biological biological JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 262 3 signficance signficance NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 262 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 262 5 N N NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 262 6 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 262 7 versus versus IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 262 8 O o NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 262 9 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 262 10 linkage linkage NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 262 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 262 12 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 262 13 oligosaccharides oligosaccharide NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 262 14 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 262 15 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 262 16 known know VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 262 17 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 263 1 Other other JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 263 2 constituents constituent NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 263 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 263 4 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 263 5 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 263 6 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 263 7 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 263 8 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 263 9 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 263 10 identified identify VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 263 11 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 264 1 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 264 2 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 264 3 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 264 4 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 264 5 could could MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 264 6 both both DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 264 7 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 264 8 labeled label VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 264 9 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 264 10 35S 35S NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 264 11 sulfate sulfate NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 264 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 264 13 Garwes Garwes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 264 14 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 264 15 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 264 16 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 264 17 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 264 18 1976 1976 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 264 19 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 264 20 _SP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 264 21 L. L. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 264 22 S. S. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 264 23 Sturman Sturman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 264 24 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 264 25 unpublished unpublished JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 264 26 data datum NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 264 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 264 28 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 1 By by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 2 analogy analogy NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 3 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 4 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 6 orthomyxoparamyxo- orthomyxoparamyxo- NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 7 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 8 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 9 rhabdoviruses rhabdovirus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 11 Nakamura Nakamura NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 12 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 13 Compans Compans NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 14 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 15 1977 1977 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 16 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 17 Prehm Prehm NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 18 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 19 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 20 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 21 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 22 1979 1979 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 23 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 24 Hsu Hsu NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 25 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 26 Kingsbury Kingsbury NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 27 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 28 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 30 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 31 these these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 32 sulfate sulfate NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 33 moieties moiety NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 34 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 35 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 36 ester ester NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 37 linked link VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 38 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 39 glucosamine glucosamine NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 40 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 41 galactosamine galactosamine NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 42 residues residue NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 43 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 44 oligosaccharide oligosaccharide NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 45 side side NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 46 chains chain NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 47 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 48 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 49 contribute contribute VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 50 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 51 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 52 charge charge NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 53 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 54 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 55 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 56 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 57 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 265 58 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 266 1 Protein protein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 266 2 sulfation sulfation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 266 3 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 266 4 tyrosine tyrosine NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 266 5 resides reside NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 266 6 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 266 7 also also RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 266 8 occur occur VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 266 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 266 10 Huttner Huttner NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 266 11 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 266 12 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 266 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 266 14 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 266 15 but but CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 266 16 this this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 266 17 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 266 18 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 266 19 yet yet RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 266 20 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 266 21 reported report VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 266 22 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 266 23 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 266 24 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 266 25 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 267 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 267 2 significance significance NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 267 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 267 4 sulfate sulfate NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 267 5 groups group NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 267 6 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 267 7 antigenicity antigenicity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 267 8 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 267 9 other other JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 267 10 biological biological JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 267 11 functions function NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 267 12 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 267 13 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 267 14 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 267 15 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 267 16 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 267 17 known know VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 267 18 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 268 1 M. M. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 268 2 F. F. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 268 3 G. G. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 268 4 Schmidt Schmidt NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 268 5 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 268 6 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 268 7 co co NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 268 8 - - NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 268 9 workers worker NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 268 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 268 11 1979 1979 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 268 12 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 268 13 Schlesinger Schlesinger NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 268 14 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 268 15 1979 1979 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 268 16 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 268 17 1980 1980 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 268 18 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 268 19 Schmidt Schmidt NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 268 20 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 268 21 1982a 1982a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 268 22 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 268 23 b b LS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 268 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 268 25 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 268 26 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 268 27 palmitic palmitic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 268 28 acid acid NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 268 29 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 268 30 covalently covalently RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 268 31 attached attach VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 268 32 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 268 33 certain certain JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 268 34 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 268 35 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 268 36 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 268 37 variety variety NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 268 38 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 268 39 enveloped envelop VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 268 40 viruses virus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 268 41 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 269 1 Niemann Niemann NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 269 2 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 269 3 Klenk Klenk NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 269 4 11981a 11981a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 269 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 269 6 showed show VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 269 7 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 269 8 palmitic palmitic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 269 9 acid acid NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 269 10 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 269 11 present present JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 269 12 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 269 13 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 269 14 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 269 15 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 269 16 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 269 17 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 269 18 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 269 19 but but CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 269 20 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 269 21 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 269 22 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 269 23 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 269 24 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 269 25 N. N. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 269 26 Schmidt Schmidt NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 269 27 reported report VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 269 28 similar similar JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 269 29 results result NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 269 30 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 269 31 BCV BCV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 269 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 269 33 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 269 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 269 35 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 270 1 Recently recently RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 270 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 270 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 270 4 separated separate VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 270 5 two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 270 6 E2 e2 NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 270 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 270 8 90 90 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 270 9 K k NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 270 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 270 11 species specie NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 270 12 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 270 13 trypsin trypsin NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 270 14 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 270 15 treated treat VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 270 16 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 270 17 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 270 18 A59 A59 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 270 19 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 270 20 SDS SDS NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 270 21 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 270 22 hydroxyapatite hydroxyapatite NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 270 23 chromatography chromatography NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 270 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 270 25 L. L. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 270 26 S. S. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 270 27 Sturman Sturman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 270 28 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 270 29 K. K. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 270 30 V. V. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 270 31 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 270 32 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 270 33 unpublished unpublished JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 270 34 data datum NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 270 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 270 36 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 271 1 Only only RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 271 2 one one CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 271 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 271 4 these these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 271 5 90 90 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 271 6 K K NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 271 7 species specie NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 271 8 contained contain VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 271 9 palmitic palmitic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 271 10 acid acid NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 271 11 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 272 1 This this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 272 2 palmitic palmitic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 272 3 acid acid NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 272 4 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 272 5 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 272 6 useful useful JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 272 7 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 272 8 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 272 9 marker marker NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 272 10 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 272 11 identify identify VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 272 12 one one CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 272 13 90 90 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 272 14 K K NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 272 15 subunit subunit NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 272 16 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 272 17 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 272 18 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 272 19 molecule molecule NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 272 20 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 273 1 Minor minor JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 273 2 protein protein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 273 3 species specie NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 273 4 associated associate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 273 5 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 273 6 some some DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 273 7 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 273 8 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 273 9 also also RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 273 10 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 273 11 identified identify VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 273 12 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 273 13 such such JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 273 14 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 273 15 gp65 gp65 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 273 16 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 273 17 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 273 18 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 273 19 JHM JHM NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 273 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 274 1 Wege Wege NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 274 2 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 274 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 274 4 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 275 1 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 275 2 1979 1979 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 275 3 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 275 4 Siddell Siddell NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 275 5 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 275 6 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 275 7 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 275 8 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 275 9 1981b 1981b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 275 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 275 11 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 276 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 276 2 reIationship reIationship NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 276 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 276 4 such such JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 276 5 minor minor JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 276 6 components component NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 276 7 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 276 8 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 276 9 other other JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 276 10 structural structural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 276 11 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 276 12 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 276 13 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 276 14 virion virion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 276 15 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 276 16 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 276 17 yet yet RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 276 18 known know VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 276 19 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 277 1 These these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 277 2 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 277 3 represent represent VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 277 4 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 277 5 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 277 6 specific specific JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 277 7 polypeptides polypeptide NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 277 8 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 277 9 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 277 10 found find VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 277 11 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 277 12 infected infected JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 277 13 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 277 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 277 15 see see VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 277 16 Section section NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 277 17 111,D 111,d CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 277 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 277 19 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 278 1 As as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 278 2 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 278 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 278 4 structural structural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 278 5 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 278 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 278 7 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 278 8 earliest early JJS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 278 9 data datum NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 278 10 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 278 11 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 278 12 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 278 13 genome genome NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 278 14 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 278 15 misleading misleading JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 278 16 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 279 1 Initial initial JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 279 2 observations observation NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 279 3 suggested suggest VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 279 4 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 279 5 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 279 6 contained contain VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 279 7 segmented segmented JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 279 8 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 279 9 multimeric multimeric JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 279 10 genomes genome NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 279 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 279 12 Tannock Tannock NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 279 13 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 279 14 1973 1973 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 279 15 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 279 16 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 280 1 There there EX cord-338307-vfutmwxq 280 2 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 280 3 also also RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 280 4 indications indication NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 280 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 280 6 possible possible JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 280 7 RNA rna NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 280 8 polymerase polymerase NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 280 9 activity activity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 280 10 associated associate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 280 11 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 280 12 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 280 13 virion virion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 280 14 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 281 1 These these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 281 2 findings finding NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 281 3 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 281 4 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 281 5 accord accord NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 281 6 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 281 7 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 281 8 belief belief NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 281 9 then then RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 281 10 current current JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 281 11 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 281 12 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 281 13 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 281 14 probably probably RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 281 15 similar similar JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 281 16 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 281 17 myxoviruses myxovirus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 281 18 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 282 1 Then then RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 282 2 Watkins Watkins NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 282 3 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 282 4 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 282 5 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 283 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 283 2 1975 1975 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 283 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 283 4 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 283 5 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 283 6 high high JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 283 7 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 283 8 molecular molecular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 283 9 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 283 10 weight weight NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 283 11 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 283 12 could could MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 283 13 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 283 14 extracted extract VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 283 15 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 283 16 IBV IBV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 283 17 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 283 18 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 284 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 284 2 large large JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 284 3 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 284 4 single single JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 284 5 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 284 6 stranded stranded JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 284 7 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 284 8 linear linear NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 284 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 284 10 molecules molecule NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 284 11 obtained obtain VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 284 12 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 284 13 IBV IBV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 284 14 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 284 15 shown show VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 284 16 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 284 17 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 284 18 polyadenylated polyadenylate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 284 19 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 284 20 infectious infectious JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 285 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 285 2 Schochetman Schochetman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 285 3 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 285 4 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 285 5 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 285 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 285 7 1977 1977 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 285 8 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 285 9 Lomniczi Lomniczi NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 285 10 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 285 11 1977 1977 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 285 12 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 285 13 Lomniczi Lomniczi NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 285 14 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 285 15 Kennedy Kennedy NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 285 16 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 285 17 1977 1977 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 285 18 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 285 19 Macnaughton Macnaughton NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 285 20 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 285 21 Madge Madge NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 285 22 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 285 23 197713 197713 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 285 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 285 25 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 286 1 Lomniczi Lomniczi NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 286 2 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 286 3 Kennedy Kennedy NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 286 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 286 5 1977 1977 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 286 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 286 7 characterized characterize VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 286 8 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 286 9 IBV IBV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 286 10 genome genome NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 286 11 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 286 12 electrophoresis electrophoresis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 286 13 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 286 14 methyl methyl NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 286 15 mercury mercury NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 286 16 gels gel NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 286 17 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 286 18 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 286 19 T1 t1 NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 286 20 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 286 21 fingerprinting fingerprinting NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 286 22 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 287 1 This this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 287 2 approach approach NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 287 3 also also RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 287 4 proved prove VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 287 5 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 287 6 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 287 7 very very RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 287 8 useful useful JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 287 9 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 287 10 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 287 11 comparative comparative JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 287 12 analysis analysis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 287 13 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 287 14 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 287 15 genomes genome NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 287 16 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 287 17 subgenomic subgenomic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 287 18 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 287 19 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 287 20 specific specific JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 287 21 mRNAs mRNAs NFP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 287 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 287 23 see see VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 287 24 Section section NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 287 25 IID IID NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 287 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 287 27 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 288 1 extracted extract VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 288 2 high high JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 288 3 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 288 4 molecular molecular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 288 5 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 288 6 weight weight NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 288 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 288 8 60 60 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 288 9 - - SYM cord-338307-vfutmwxq 288 10 70 70 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 288 11 S S NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 288 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 288 13 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 288 14 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 288 15 TGEV TGEV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 288 16 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 288 17 HEV HEV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 288 18 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 289 1 However however RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 289 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 289 3 they -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 289 4 observed observe VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 289 5 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 289 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 289 7 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 289 8 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 289 9 dissociable dissociable JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 289 10 above above IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 289 11 60 60 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 289 12 ° ° NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 289 13 C c NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 289 14 into into IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 289 15 35 35 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 289 16 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 289 17 4 4 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 289 18 S s NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 289 19 species specie NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 289 20 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 290 1 Tannock Tannock NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 290 2 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 290 3 Hierholzer Hierholzer NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 290 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 290 5 1977 1977 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 290 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 290 7 also also RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 290 8 reported report VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 290 9 releasing release VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 290 10 4 4 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 290 11 S S NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 290 12 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 290 13 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 290 14 HCV HCV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 290 15 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 290 16 OC43 OC43 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 290 17 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 290 18 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 290 19 fragmentation fragmentation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 290 20 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 290 21 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 290 22 70 70 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 290 23 S S NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 290 24 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 290 25 after after IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 290 26 heating heat VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 290 27 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 290 28 60 60 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 290 29 ° ° NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 290 30 C c NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 290 31 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 291 1 Lai Lai NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 291 2 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 291 3 Stohlman Stohlman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 291 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 291 5 1978 1978 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 291 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 291 7 found find VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 291 8 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 291 9 variable variable JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 291 10 amount amount NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 291 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 291 12 4 4 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 291 13 S S NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 291 14 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 291 15 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 291 16 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 291 17 preparations preparation NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 291 18 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 291 19 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 291 20 addition addition NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 291 21 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 291 22 60 60 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 291 23 S S NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 291 24 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 291 25 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 292 1 Garwes Garwes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 292 2 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 292 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 292 4 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 2 19751 19751 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 3 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 4 Pocock Pocock NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 5 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 6 Garwes Garwes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 8 19751 19751 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 9 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 10 Tannock Tannock NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 11 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 12 Hierholzer Hierholzer NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 14 19771 19771 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 15 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 16 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 17 Lai Lai NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 18 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 19 Stohlman Stohlman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 21 1978 1978 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 23 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 24 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 25 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 26 size size NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 27 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 28 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 29 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 30 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 31 virion virion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 32 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 33 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 34 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 35 isolated isolate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 36 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 37 affected affect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 38 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 39 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 40 time time NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 41 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 42 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 43 harvest harvest NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 44 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 45 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 46 pH ph NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 47 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 48 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 49 culture culture NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 50 medium medium NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 51 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 52 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 53 method method NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 54 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 55 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 56 purification purification NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 57 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 58 duration duration NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 59 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 60 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 61 storage storage NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 62 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 63 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 64 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 65 method method NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 66 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 67 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 68 extraction extraction NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 293 69 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 1 Greater great JJR cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 2 fragmentation fragmentation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 4 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 5 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 6 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 7 observed observe VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 8 if if IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 9 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 10 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 11 harvested harvest VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 12 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 13 24 24 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 14 hours hour NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 15 postinfection postinfection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 16 versus versus IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 17 16 16 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 18 hours hour NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 19 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 20 if if IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 21 cultures culture NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 22 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 23 kept keep VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 24 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 25 pH pH NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 26 7.2 7.2 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 27 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 28 8.0 8.0 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 29 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 30 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 31 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 32 pH pH NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 33 6.5 6.5 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 34 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 35 if if IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 36 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 37 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 38 purified purify VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 39 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 40 potassium potassium NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 41 tartrate tartrate NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 42 equilibrium equilibrium NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 43 gradients gradient NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 44 instead instead RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 45 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 46 sucrose sucrose NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 47 gradients gradient NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 48 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 49 if if IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 50 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 51 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 52 stored store VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 53 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 54 24 24 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 55 hours hour NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 56 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 57 4 4 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 58 ° ° NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 59 C c NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 60 before before IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 61 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 62 extraction extraction NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 63 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 64 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 65 if if IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 66 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 67 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 68 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 69 extracted extract VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 70 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 71 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 72 presence presence NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 73 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 74 phenol phenol NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 294 75 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 295 1 Fragmentation fragmentation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 295 2 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 295 3 readily readily RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 295 4 detected detect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 295 5 after after IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 295 6 heating heat VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 295 7 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 295 8 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 295 9 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 295 10 60 60 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 295 11 ° ° NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 295 12 C c NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 295 13 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 295 14 higher high JJR cord-338307-vfutmwxq 295 15 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 295 16 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 295 17 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 295 18 centrifugation centrifugation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 295 19 through through IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 295 20 dimethyl dimethyl NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 295 21 sulfoxide sulfoxide NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 295 22 gradients gradient NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 295 23 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 296 1 This this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 296 2 behavior behavior NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 296 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 296 4 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 296 5 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 296 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 296 7 as as RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 296 8 well well RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 296 9 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 296 10 other other JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 296 11 aspects aspect NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 296 12 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 296 13 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 296 14 structure structure NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 296 15 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 296 16 physiocochemical physiocochemical JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 296 17 properties property NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 296 18 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 296 19 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 296 20 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 296 21 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 296 22 discussed discuss VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 296 23 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 296 24 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 296 25 excellent excellent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 296 26 review review NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 296 27 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 296 28 Garwes Garwes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 296 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 296 30 1980 1980 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 296 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 296 32 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 297 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 297 2 now now RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 297 3 appears appear VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 297 4 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 297 5 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 297 6 genomes genome NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 297 7 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 297 8 5.4 5.4 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 297 9 - - SYM cord-338307-vfutmwxq 297 10 6.9 6.9 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 297 11 x x SYM cord-338307-vfutmwxq 297 12 lo6 lo6 JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 297 13 daltons dalton NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 297 14 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 297 15 size size NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 297 16 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 297 17 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 297 18 corresponds correspond VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 297 19 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 297 20 about about RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 297 21 16,000 16,000 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 297 22 - - SYM cord-338307-vfutmwxq 297 23 21,000 21,000 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 297 24 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 297 25 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 1 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 2 genomes genome NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 3 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 4 this this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 5 size size NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 6 range range NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 7 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 8 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 9 detected detect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 10 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 11 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 12 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 13 IBV IBV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 15 Schochetman Schochetman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 16 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 17 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 18 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 19 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 20 1977 1977 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 21 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 22 Macnaughton Macnaughton NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 23 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 24 Madge Madge NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 25 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 26 197713 197713 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 27 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 28 Macnaughton Macnaughton NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 29 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 30 1978 1978 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 31 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 32 Stern Stern NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 33 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 34 Kennedy Kennedy NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 35 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 36 1980a 1980a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 38 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 39 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 41 Yogo Yogo NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 42 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 43 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 44 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 45 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 46 1977 1977 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 47 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 48 Lai Lai NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 49 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 50 Stohlman Stohlman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 51 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 52 1978 1978 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 53 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 54 Wege Wege NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 55 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 56 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 57 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 58 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 59 1981b 1981b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 60 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 61 Macnaughton Macnaughton NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 62 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 63 1978 1978 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 64 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 65 Spaan Spaan NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 66 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 67 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 68 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 69 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 70 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 71 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 72 Weiss Weiss NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 73 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 74 Leibowitz Leibowitz NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 75 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 76 19811 19811 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 77 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 78 HCV HCV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 79 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 80 Tannock Tannock NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 81 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 82 Hierholzer Hierholzer NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 83 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 84 1977 1977 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 85 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 86 Macnaughton Macnaughton NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 87 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 88 Madge Madge NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 89 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 90 1978 1978 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 91 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 92 Macnaughton Macnaughton NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 93 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 94 1978 1978 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 95 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 96 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 97 TGEV TGEV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 98 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 99 HEV HEV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 100 Brian Brian NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 101 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 102 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 103 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 104 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 105 19801 19801 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 106 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 107 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 108 BCV BCV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 109 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 110 Brian Brian NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 111 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 112 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 113 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 114 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 115 1980 1980 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 116 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 298 117 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 299 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 299 2 genomic genomic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 299 3 RNA rna NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 299 4 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 299 5 infectious infectious JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 300 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 300 2 Lomniczi Lomniczi NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 300 3 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 300 4 1977 1977 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 300 5 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 300 6 Schochetman Schochetman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 300 7 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 300 8 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 300 9 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 300 10 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 300 11 1977 1977 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 300 12 ; ; . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 301 1 Wege Wege NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 301 2 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 301 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 301 4 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 302 1 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 302 2 1978 1978 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 302 3 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 302 4 Brian Brian NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 302 5 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 302 6 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 302 7 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 302 8 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 302 9 19801 19801 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 303 1 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 303 2 capped cap VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 303 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 303 4 Lai Lai NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 303 5 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 303 6 Stohlman Stohlman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 303 7 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 303 8 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 303 9 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 303 10 Lai Lai NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 303 11 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 303 12 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 303 13 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 303 14 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 303 15 1982a 1982a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 303 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 303 17 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 303 18 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 303 19 polyadenylated polyadenylate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 303 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 303 21 Schochetman Schochetman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 303 22 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 303 23 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 303 24 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 303 25 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 303 26 1977 1977 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 303 27 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 303 28 Lomniczi Lomniczi NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 303 29 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 303 30 1977 1977 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 303 31 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 304 1 Yogo Yogo NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 304 2 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 304 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 304 4 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 304 5 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 304 6 1977 1977 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 304 7 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 304 8 Madge Madge NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 304 9 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 304 10 1977b 1977b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 304 11 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 304 12 1978 1978 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 304 13 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 305 1 Wege Wege NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 305 2 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 305 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 305 4 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 306 1 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 306 2 1978 1978 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 306 3 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 306 4 Lai Lai NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 306 5 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 306 6 Stohlman Stohlman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 306 7 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 306 8 1978 1978 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 306 9 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 306 10 Guy Guy NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 306 11 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 306 12 Brian Brian NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 306 13 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 306 14 1979 1979 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 306 15 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 306 16 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 307 1 For for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 307 2 further further JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 307 3 details detail NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 307 4 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 307 5 see see VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 307 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 307 7 reviews review NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 307 8 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 307 9 Garwes Garwes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 307 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 307 11 1980 1980 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 307 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 307 13 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 307 14 Siddell Siddell NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 307 15 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 307 16 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 307 17 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 308 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 308 2 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 308 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 308 4 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 309 1 In in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 309 2 1980 1980 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 309 3 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 309 4 Stern Stern NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 309 5 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 309 6 Kennedy Kennedy NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 309 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 309 8 1980b 1980b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 309 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 309 10 mapped map VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 309 11 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 309 12 location location NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 309 13 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 309 14 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 309 15 T1 T1 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 309 16 oligonucleotides oligonucleotide NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 309 17 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 309 18 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 309 19 genome genome NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 309 20 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 309 21 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 309 22 partial partial JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 309 23 3 3 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 309 24 ' ' '' cord-338307-vfutmwxq 309 25 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 309 26 5 5 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 309 27 ' ' '' cord-338307-vfutmwxq 309 28 order order NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 309 29 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 310 1 Large large JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 310 2 fragments fragment NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 310 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 310 4 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 310 5 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 310 6 produced produce VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 310 7 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 310 8 partial partial JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 310 9 alkali alkali NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 310 10 fragmentation fragmentation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 310 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 310 12 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 310 13 genome genome NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 310 14 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 311 1 These these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 311 2 fragments fragment NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 311 3 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 311 4 fractionated fractionate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 311 5 into into IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 311 6 different different JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 311 7 size size NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 311 8 classes class NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 311 9 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 311 10 sedimentation sedimentation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 311 11 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 311 12 sucrose sucrose NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 311 13 density density NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 311 14 gradients gradient NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 311 15 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 311 16 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 311 17 polyadenylated polyadenylated JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 311 18 RNAs rna NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 311 19 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 311 20 selected select VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 311 21 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 311 22 T1 T1 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 311 23 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 311 24 analysis analysis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 311 25 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 312 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 312 2 same same JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 312 3 approach approach NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 312 4 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 312 5 applied apply VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 312 6 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 312 7 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 312 8 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 312 9 Lai Lai NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 312 10 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 312 11 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 312 12 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 313 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 313 2 1980 1980 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 313 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 313 4 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 314 1 These these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 314 2 studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 314 3 disclosed disclose VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 314 4 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 314 5 there there EX cord-338307-vfutmwxq 314 6 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 314 7 no no DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 314 8 significant significant JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 314 9 reiteration reiteration NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 314 10 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 314 11 oligonucleotides oligonucleotide NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 314 12 within within IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 314 13 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 314 14 genome genome NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 314 15 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 315 1 Analysis analysis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 315 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 315 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 315 4 genetic genetic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 315 5 complexity complexity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 315 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 315 7 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 315 8 virion virion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 315 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 315 10 indicated indicate VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 315 11 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 315 12 it -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 315 13 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 315 14 all all DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 315 15 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 315 16 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 315 17 same same JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 315 18 sense sense NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 315 19 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 316 1 Since since IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 316 2 genomic genomic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 316 3 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 316 4 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 316 5 infectious infectious JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 316 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 316 7 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 316 8 virion virion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 316 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 316 10 must must MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 316 11 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 316 12 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 316 13 positive positive JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 316 14 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 316 15 message message NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 316 16 sense sense NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 316 17 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 317 1 T1 t1 NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 317 2 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 317 3 analysis analysis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 317 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 317 5 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 317 6 genomes genome NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 317 7 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 317 8 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 317 9 employed employ VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 317 10 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 317 11 comparisons comparison NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 317 12 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 317 13 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 317 14 isolates isolate NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 317 15 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 317 16 strains strain NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 317 17 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 317 18 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 317 19 characterization characterization NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 317 20 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 317 21 mutants mutant NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 317 22 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 317 23 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 317 24 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 317 25 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 317 26 investigations investigation NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 317 27 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 318 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 318 2 T1 T1 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 318 3 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 318 4 fingerprints fingerprint NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 318 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 318 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 318 7 two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 318 8 isolates isolate NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 318 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 318 10 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 318 11 Beaudette Beaudette NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 318 12 strain strain NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 318 13 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 318 14 IBV IBV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 318 15 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 318 16 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 318 17 studied study VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 318 18 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 318 19 Lomniczi Lomniczi NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 318 20 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 318 21 Kennedy Kennedy NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 318 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 318 23 1977 1977 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 318 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 318 25 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 318 26 Stern Stern NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 318 27 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 318 28 Kennedy Kennedy NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 318 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 318 30 1980a 1980a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 318 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 318 32 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 318 33 found find VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 318 34 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 318 35 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 318 36 quite quite RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 318 37 different different JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 318 38 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 319 1 Subsequently subsequently RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 319 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 319 3 Clewley Clewley NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 319 4 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 319 5 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 319 6 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 320 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 320 2 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 320 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 320 4 distinguished distinguished JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 320 5 11 11 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 320 6 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 320 7 fingerprint fingerprint NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 320 8 patterns pattern NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 320 9 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 320 10 13 13 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 320 11 isolates isolate NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 320 12 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 320 13 IBV IBV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 320 14 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 320 15 revealing reveal VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 320 16 differences difference NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 320 17 between between IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 320 18 IBV IBV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 320 19 serotypes serotype NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 320 20 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 320 21 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 320 22 also also RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 320 23 between between IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 320 24 different different JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 320 25 preparations preparation NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 320 26 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 320 27 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 320 28 single single JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 320 29 serotype serotype NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 320 30 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 321 1 This this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 321 2 suggested suggest VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 321 3 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 321 4 considerable considerable JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 321 5 variation variation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 321 6 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 321 7 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 321 8 genome genome NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 321 9 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 321 10 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 321 11 characteristic characteristic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 321 12 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 321 13 IBV IBV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 321 14 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 321 15 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 321 16 possibly possibly RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 321 17 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 321 18 other other JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 321 19 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 321 20 as as RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 321 21 well well RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 321 22 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 322 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 322 2 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 322 3 characteristic characteristic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 322 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 322 5 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 322 6 viruses virus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 322 7 that that WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 322 8 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 322 9 frequency frequency NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 322 10 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 322 11 spontaneous spontaneous JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 322 12 mutations mutation NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 322 13 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 322 14 high high JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 323 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 323 2 Holland Holland NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 323 3 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 323 4 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 323 5 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 323 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 323 7 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 323 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 323 9 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 323 10 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 323 11 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 323 12 appear appear VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 323 13 t t NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 323 14 o o UH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 323 15 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 323 16 no no DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 323 17 exception exception NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 323 18 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 323 19 this this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 323 20 rule rule NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 323 21 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 324 1 Analyses analysis NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 324 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 324 3 murine murine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 324 4 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 324 5 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 324 6 also also RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 324 7 indicated indicate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 324 8 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 324 9 there there EX cord-338307-vfutmwxq 324 10 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 324 11 considerable considerable JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 324 12 diversity diversity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 324 13 between between IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 324 14 different different JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 324 15 strains strain NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 324 16 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 325 1 Wege Wege NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 325 2 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 325 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 325 4 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 326 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 326 2 1981a 1981a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 326 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 326 4 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 326 5 found find VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 326 6 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 326 7 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 326 8 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 326 9 fingerprint fingerprint NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 326 10 pattern pattern NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 326 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 326 12 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 326 13 -JHM -jhm CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 326 14 strain strain NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 326 15 differed differ VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 326 16 significantly significantly RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 326 17 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 326 18 those those DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 326 19 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 326 20 MHV-1 MHV-1 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 326 21 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 326 22 -2 -2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 326 23 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 326 24 -3 -3 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 326 25 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 326 26 -S -S : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 326 27 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 326 28 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 326 29 -A59 -a59 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 326 30 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 326 31 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 326 32 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 326 33 MHV-3 MHV-3 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 326 34 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 326 35 -A59 -a59 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 326 36 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 326 37 closest close JJS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 326 38 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 326 39 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 326 40 patterns pattern NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 326 41 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 327 1 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 327 2 attempted attempt VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 327 3 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 327 4 correlate correlate VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 327 5 strain strain NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 327 6 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 327 7 specific specific JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 327 8 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 327 9 differences difference NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 327 10 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 327 11 hepatotropism hepatotropism NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 327 12 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 327 13 neurotropism neurotropism NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 327 14 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 327 15 MHV-3 MHV-3 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 327 16 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 327 17 -A59 -A59 NNPS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 327 18 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 328 1 Stohlman Stohlman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 328 2 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 328 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 328 4 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 329 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 329 2 1982b 1982b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 329 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 329 4 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 329 5 characterized characterize VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 329 6 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 329 7 patterns pattern NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 329 8 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 329 9 plaque plaque NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 329 10 morphology morphology NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 329 11 variants variant NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 329 12 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 329 13 J J NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 329 14 H H NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 329 15 M M NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 329 16 that that WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 329 17 differ differ VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 329 18 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 329 19 neuropathogenicity neuropathogenicity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 329 20 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 330 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 330 2 genetic genetic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 330 3 relatedness relatedness NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 330 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 330 5 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 330 6 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 330 7 also also RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 330 8 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 330 9 analyzed analyze VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 330 10 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 330 11 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 330 12 acid acid NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 330 13 hybridization hybridization NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 330 14 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 331 1 Using use VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 331 2 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 331 3 cDNA cdna NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 331 4 probe probe NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 331 5 representative representative NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 331 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 331 7 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 331 8 entire entire JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 331 9 genome genome NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 331 10 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 331 11 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 331 12 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 331 13 A59 A59 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 331 14 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 331 15 Weiss Weiss NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 331 16 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 331 17 Leibowitz Leibowitz NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 331 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 331 19 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 331 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 331 21 found find VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 331 22 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 331 23 MHV-3 MHV-3 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 331 24 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 331 25 -A59 -a59 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 331 26 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 331 27 more more RBR cord-338307-vfutmwxq 331 28 closely closely RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 331 29 related related JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 331 30 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 331 31 one one CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 331 32 another another DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 331 33 than than IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 331 34 either either DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 331 35 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 331 36 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 332 1 -JHM -JHM . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 332 2 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 333 1 HCV-229E HCV-229E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 333 2 appeared appear VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 333 3 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 333 4 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 333 5 quite quite RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 333 6 unrelated unrelated JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 333 7 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 333 8 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 333 9 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 333 10 this this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 333 11 technique technique NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 333 12 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 334 1 Cheley Cheley NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 334 2 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 334 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 334 4 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 335 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 335 2 1981b 1981b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 335 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 335 4 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 335 5 using use VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 335 6 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 335 7 cDNA cdna NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 335 8 probe probe NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 335 9 prepared prepare VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 335 10 against against IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 335 11 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 335 12 mRNA mrna NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 335 13 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 335 14 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 335 15 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 335 16 A59 A59 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 335 17 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 335 18 coded code VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 335 19 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 335 20 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 335 21 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 335 22 protein protein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 335 23 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 335 24 obtained obtain VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 335 25 evidence evidence NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 335 26 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 335 27 7 7 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 335 28 0 0 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 335 29 4 4 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 335 30 0 0 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 335 31 % % NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 335 32 homology homology NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 335 33 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 335 34 analysis analysis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 335 35 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 335 36 hybridization hybridization NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 335 37 kinetics kinetic NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 335 38 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 335 39 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 335 40 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 335 41 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 335 42 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 335 43 infected infect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 335 44 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 335 45 MHV-1 MHV-1 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 335 46 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 335 47 -3 -3 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 335 48 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 335 49 -S -S : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 335 50 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 335 51 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 336 1 -JHM -JHM . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 336 2 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 337 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 337 2 lipid lipid NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 337 3 composition composition NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 337 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 337 5 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 337 6 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 337 7 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 337 8 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 337 9 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 337 10 analyzed analyze VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 337 11 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 337 12 detail detail NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 337 13 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 338 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 338 2 appears appear VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 338 3 likely likely JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 338 4 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 338 5 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 338 6 lipids lipid NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 338 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 338 8 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 338 9 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 338 10 envelope envelope NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 338 11 will will MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 338 12 reflect reflect VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 338 13 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 338 14 lipid lipid NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 338 15 composition composition NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 338 16 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 338 17 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 338 18 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 338 19 membranes membrane NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 338 20 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 338 21 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 338 22 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 338 23 budding budding NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 338 24 occurs occur VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 338 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 338 26 see see VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 338 27 Section section NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 338 28 111,F 111,f CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 338 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 338 30 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 339 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 339 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 339 3 Pike Pike NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 339 4 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 339 5 Garwes Garwes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 339 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 339 7 1977 1977 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 339 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 339 9 observed observe VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 339 10 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 339 11 TGEV TGEV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 339 12 contained contain VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 339 13 less less JJR cord-338307-vfutmwxq 339 14 cholesterol cholesterol NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 339 15 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 339 16 fatty fatty JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 339 17 acid acid NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 339 18 than than IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 339 19 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 339 20 found find VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 339 21 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 339 22 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 339 23 plasma plasma NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 339 24 membrane membrane NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 339 25 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 339 26 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 339 27 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 339 28 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 339 29 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 339 30 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 339 31 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 339 32 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 339 33 grown grow VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 339 34 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 340 1 When when WRB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 340 2 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 340 3 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 340 4 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 340 5 grown grow VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 340 6 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 340 7 different different JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 340 8 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 340 9 types type NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 340 10 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 340 11 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 340 12 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 340 13 lipids lipid NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 340 14 reflected reflect VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 340 15 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 340 16 overall overall JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 340 17 lipid lipid NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 340 18 composition composition NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 340 19 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 340 20 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 340 21 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 340 22 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 340 23 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 340 24 it -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 340 25 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 340 26 grown grow VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 340 27 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 341 1 These these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 341 2 studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 341 3 need need VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 341 4 t t XX cord-338307-vfutmwxq 341 5 o o NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 341 6 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 341 7 extended extend VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 341 8 using use VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 341 9 various various JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 341 10 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 341 11 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 341 12 membrane membrane NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 341 13 fractions fraction NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 341 14 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 342 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 342 2 role role NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 342 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 342 4 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 342 5 lipid lipid NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 342 6 composition composition NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 342 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 342 8 cellular cellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 342 9 membranes membrane NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 342 10 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 342 11 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 342 12 maturation maturation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 342 13 remains remain VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 342 14 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 342 15 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 342 16 elucidated elucidate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 342 17 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 343 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 343 2 would would MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 343 3 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 343 4 interesting interesting JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 343 5 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 343 6 know know VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 343 7 whether whether IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 343 8 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 343 9 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 343 10 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 343 11 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 343 12 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 343 13 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 343 14 preferentially preferentially RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 343 15 associate associate VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 343 16 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 343 17 membranes membrane NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 343 18 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 343 19 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 343 20 certain certain JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 343 21 lipid lipid NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 343 22 composition composition NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 343 23 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 344 1 Boundary boundary JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 344 2 lipids lipid NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 344 3 associated associate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 344 4 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 344 5 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 344 6 hydrophobic hydrophobic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 344 7 portions portion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 344 8 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 344 9 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 344 10 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 344 11 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 344 12 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 344 13 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 344 14 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 344 15 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 344 16 identified identify VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 344 17 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 344 18 although although IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 344 19 palmitic palmitic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 344 20 acid acid NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 344 21 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 344 22 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 344 23 shown show VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 344 24 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 344 25 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 344 26 covalently covalently RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 344 27 attached attach VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 344 28 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 344 29 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 344 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 344 31 Niemann Niemann NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 344 32 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 344 33 Klenk Klenk NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 344 34 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 344 35 1981a 1981a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 344 36 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 344 37 b b NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 344 38 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 344 39 Schmidt Schmidt NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 344 40 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 344 41 1982a 1982a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 344 42 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 344 43 b b LS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 344 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 344 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 344 46 see see VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 344 47 Section section NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 344 48 11,C 11,c CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 344 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 344 50 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 345 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 345 2 derivation derivation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 345 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 345 4 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 345 5 envelopes envelope NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 345 6 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 345 7 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 345 8 membranes membrane NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 345 9 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 345 10 render render VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 345 11 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 345 12 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 345 13 envelope envelope NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 345 14 less less RBR cord-338307-vfutmwxq 345 15 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 345 16 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 345 17 solubilization solubilization NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 345 18 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 345 19 bile bile NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 345 20 salts salt NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 345 21 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 345 22 other other JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 345 23 detergents detergent NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 345 24 than than IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 345 25 enveloped envelop VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 345 26 viruses virus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 345 27 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 345 28 bud bud VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 345 29 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 345 30 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 345 31 plasma plasma NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 345 32 membrane membrane NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 345 33 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 346 1 Greater great JJR cord-338307-vfutmwxq 346 2 stability stability NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 346 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 346 4 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 346 5 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 346 6 envelope envelope NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 346 7 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 346 8 solubilization solubilization NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 346 9 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 346 10 bile bile NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 346 11 salts salt NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 346 12 would would MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 346 13 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 346 14 consistent consistent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 346 15 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 346 16 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 346 17 survival survival NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 346 18 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 346 19 replication replication NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 346 20 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 346 21 these these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 346 22 viruses virus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 346 23 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 346 24 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 346 25 enteric enteric JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 346 26 tract tract NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 346 27 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 347 1 Comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 347 2 studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 347 3 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 347 4 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 347 5 relative relative JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 347 6 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 347 7 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 347 8 solubilization solubilization NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 347 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 347 10 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 347 11 envelopes envelope NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 347 12 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 347 13 other other JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 347 14 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 347 15 envelopes envelope NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 347 16 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 347 17 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 347 18 yet yet RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 347 19 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 347 20 carried carry VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 347 21 out out RP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 347 22 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 348 1 Several several JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 348 2 components component NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 348 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 348 4 normal normal JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 348 5 host host NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 348 6 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 348 7 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 348 8 tissues tissue NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 348 9 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 348 10 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 348 11 found find VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 348 12 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 348 13 copurify copurify VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 348 14 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 348 15 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 348 16 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 349 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 349 2 difficulty difficulty NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 349 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 349 4 obtaining obtain VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 349 5 IBV IBV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 349 6 free free JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 349 7 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 349 8 host host NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 349 9 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 349 10 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 349 11 contamination contamination NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 349 12 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 349 13 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 349 14 association association NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 349 15 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 349 16 actin actin NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 349 17 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 349 18 IBV IBV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 349 19 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 349 20 already already RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 349 21 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 349 22 mentioned mention VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 349 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 349 24 Section section NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 349 25 II II NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 349 26 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 349 27 B b NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 349 28 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 349 29 C C NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 349 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 349 31 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 350 1 In in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 350 2 early early JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 350 3 studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 350 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 350 5 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 350 6 antigens antigen NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 350 7 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 350 8 host host NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 350 9 antigens antigen NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 350 10 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 350 11 often often RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 350 12 detected detect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 350 13 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 350 14 association association NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 350 15 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 350 16 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 350 17 purified purify VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 350 18 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 350 19 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 351 1 Some some DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 351 2 components component NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 351 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 351 4 fetal fetal JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 351 5 bovine bovine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 351 6 serum serum NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 351 7 adsorb adsorb VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 351 8 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 351 9 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 351 10 copurify copurify VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 351 11 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 351 12 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 352 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 352 2 Kraaijeveld Kraaijeveld NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 352 3 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 352 4 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 352 5 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 352 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 352 7 1980 1980 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 352 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 352 9 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 353 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 353 2 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 353 3 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 353 4 yet yet RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 353 5 clear clear JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 353 6 whether whether IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 353 7 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 353 8 protein protein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 353 9 kinase kinase NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 353 10 associated associate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 353 11 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 353 12 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 353 13 particles particle NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 353 14 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 353 15 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 353 16 host host NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 353 17 contaminant contaminant NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 353 18 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 353 19 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 353 20 product product NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 353 21 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 353 22 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 353 23 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 353 24 genome genome NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 353 25 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 354 1 Another another DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 354 2 class class NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 354 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 354 4 host host NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 354 5 molecules molecule NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 354 6 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 354 7 copurified copurifie VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 354 8 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 354 9 several several JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 354 10 different different JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 354 11 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 354 12 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 354 13 glycosaminoglycans glycosaminoglycan NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 354 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 354 15 GAG gag NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 354 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 355 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 355 2 Garwes Garwes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 355 3 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 355 4 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 355 5 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 355 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 355 7 1976 1976 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 355 8 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 355 9 Sturman Sturman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 355 10 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 355 11 1980 1980 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 355 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 355 13 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 1 These these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 2 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 3 polyanionic polyanionic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 4 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 5 linear linear JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 6 polysaccharides polysaccharide NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 7 such such JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 8 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 9 hyaluronic hyaluronic NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 10 acid acid NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 11 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 12 chondroitin chondroitin NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 13 sulfate sulfate NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 14 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 15 keratin keratin NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 16 sulfate sulfate NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 17 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 18 heparan heparan NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 19 sulfate sulfate NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 20 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 21 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 22 heparin heparin NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 23 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 24 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 25 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 26 secreted secrete VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 27 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 28 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 29 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 30 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 31 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 32 remain remain VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 33 associated associated JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 34 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 35 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 36 external external JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 37 surfaces surface NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 39 Roden Roden NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 40 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 41 1980 1980 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 42 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 43 Oldberg Oldberg NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 44 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 45 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 46 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 47 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 48 1977 1977 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 49 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 50 Prinz Prinz NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 51 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 52 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 53 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 54 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 55 1980 1980 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 356 57 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 357 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 357 2 tend tend VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 357 3 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 357 4 aggregate aggregate VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 357 5 spontaneously spontaneously RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 357 6 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 357 7 like like IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 357 8 molecules molecule NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 357 9 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 357 10 form form VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 357 11 large large JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 357 12 complexes complex NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 357 13 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 358 1 Multiple multiple JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 358 2 chains chain NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 358 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 358 4 GAG gag NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 358 5 molecules molecule NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 358 6 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 358 7 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 358 8 linked link VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 358 9 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 358 10 core core NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 358 11 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 358 12 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 358 13 called call VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 358 14 proteoglycans proteoglycan NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 358 15 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 359 1 Garwes Garwes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 359 2 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 359 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 359 4 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 360 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 360 2 1976 1976 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 360 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 360 4 showed show VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 360 5 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 360 6 some some DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 360 7 sulfated sulfated JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 360 8 GAG gag NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 360 9 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 360 10 associated associate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 360 11 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 360 12 TGEV TGEV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 360 13 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 361 1 Glycosaminoglycan Glycosaminoglycan NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 361 2 associated associate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 361 3 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 361 4 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 361 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 361 6 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 361 7 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 361 8 A59 A59 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 361 9 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 361 10 partially partially RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 361 11 characterized characterize VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 361 12 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 361 13 enzymatic enzymatic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 361 14 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 361 15 chemical chemical JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 361 16 degradation degradation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 361 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 361 18 Sturman Sturman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 361 19 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 361 20 1980 1980 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 361 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 361 22 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 362 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 362 2 GAG gag NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 362 3 associated associate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 362 4 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 362 5 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 362 6 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 362 7 A59 A59 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 362 8 resembled resemble VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 362 9 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 362 10 heparan heparan JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 362 11 sulfate sulfate NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 362 12 species specie NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 362 13 produced produce VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 362 14 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 362 15 uninfected uninfected JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 362 16 transformed transform VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 362 17 mouse mouse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 362 18 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 362 19 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 362 20 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 362 21 contained contain VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 362 22 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 362 23 reduced reduce VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 362 24 level level NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 362 25 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 362 26 6 6 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 362 27 - - SYM cord-338307-vfutmwxq 362 28 0 0 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 362 29 sulfated sulfate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 362 30 glucosamine glucosamine NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 362 31 residues residue NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 362 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 362 33 Sturman Sturman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 362 34 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 362 35 1980 1980 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 362 36 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 362 37 Keller Keller NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 362 38 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 362 39 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 362 40 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 362 41 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 362 42 1980 1980 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 362 43 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 362 44 Winterbourne Winterbourne NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 362 45 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 362 46 Mora Mora NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 362 47 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 362 48 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 362 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 362 50 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 363 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 363 2 virion virion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 363 3 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 363 4 associated associate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 363 5 GAG GAG NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 363 6 illustrated illustrate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 363 7 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 363 8 Fig Fig NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 363 9 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 364 1 3 3 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 364 2 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 364 3 known know VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 364 4 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 364 5 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 364 6 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 364 7 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 364 8 external external JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 364 9 surface surface NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 364 10 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 364 11 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 364 12 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 364 13 envelope envelope NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 364 14 since since IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 364 15 it -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 364 16 can can MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 364 17 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 364 18 removed remove VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 364 19 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 364 20 protease protease NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 364 21 treatment treatment NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 364 22 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 364 23 intact intact JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 364 24 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 364 25 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 365 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 365 2 number number NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 365 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 365 4 GAG gag NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 365 5 molecules molecule NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 365 6 associated associate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 365 7 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 365 8 each each DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 365 9 virion virion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 365 10 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 365 11 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 365 12 yet yet RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 365 13 known know VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 365 14 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 366 1 Cellular cellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 366 2 GAGS gag NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 366 3 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 366 4 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 366 5 found find VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 366 6 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 366 7 association association NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 366 8 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 366 9 many many JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 366 10 types type NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 366 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 366 12 enveloped envelop VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 366 13 viruses virus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 366 14 Pinter Pinter NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 366 15 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 366 16 Compans Compans NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 366 17 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 366 18 1975 1975 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 366 19 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 366 20 Lindenmann Lindenmann NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 366 21 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 366 22 1977 1977 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 366 23 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 366 24 Kemp Kemp NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 366 25 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 366 26 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 366 27 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 366 28 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 366 29 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 366 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 366 31 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 366 32 but but CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 366 33 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 366 34 biological biological JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 366 35 significance significance NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 366 36 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 366 37 this this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 366 38 association association NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 366 39 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 366 40 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 366 41 known know VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 366 42 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 1 In in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 2 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 3 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 4 heparan heparan NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 5 sulfate sulfate NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 6 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 7 play play VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 8 an an DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 9 important important JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 10 role role NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 11 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 12 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 13 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 14 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 15 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 16 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 17 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 18 substrate substrate NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 19 adhesion adhesion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 20 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 21 growth growth NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 22 control control NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 23 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 24 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 25 masking masking NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 26 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 27 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 28 surface surface NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 29 receptors receptor NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 31 Vannucchi Vannucchi NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 32 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 33 Chiarugi Chiarugi NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 34 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 35 1977 1977 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 36 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 37 Rollins Rollins NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 38 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 39 Culp Culp NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 40 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 41 1979 1979 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 42 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 43 Oldberg Oldberg NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 44 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 45 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 46 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 47 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 48 1979 1979 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 49 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 50 Kraemer Kraemer NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 51 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 52 Smith Smith NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 53 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 54 1974 1974 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 55 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 367 56 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 368 1 One one PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 368 2 could could MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 368 3 speculate speculate VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 368 4 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 368 5 virion virion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 368 6 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 368 7 associated associate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 368 8 GAGS gag NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 368 9 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 368 10 proteoglycans proteoglycan NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 368 11 could could MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 368 12 alter alter VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 368 13 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 368 14 functions function NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 368 15 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 368 16 modifying modify VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 368 17 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 368 18 structure structure NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 368 19 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 368 20 antigenicity antigenicity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 368 21 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 368 22 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 368 23 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 368 24 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 368 25 proteolytic proteolytic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 368 26 enzymes enzyme NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 368 27 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 369 1 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 369 2 particles particle NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 369 3 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 369 4 spontaneously spontaneously RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 369 5 disrupt disrupt VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 369 6 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 369 7 yield yield VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 369 8 membrane membrane NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 369 9 fragments fragment NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 369 10 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 369 11 threadlike threadlike JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 369 12 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 369 13 helical helical JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 369 14 nucleocapsids nucleocapsid NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 369 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 369 16 see see VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 369 17 Section Section NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 369 18 11,A 11,a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 369 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 369 20 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 370 1 Viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 370 2 subunits subunit NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 370 3 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 370 4 also also RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 370 5 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 370 6 generated generate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 370 7 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 370 8 structural structural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 370 9 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 370 10 immunologic immunologic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 370 11 analysis analysis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 370 12 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 370 13 solubilization solubilization NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 370 14 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 370 15 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 370 16 envelope envelope NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 370 17 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 370 18 nonionic nonionic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 370 19 detergents detergent NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 370 20 such such JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 370 21 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 370 22 NP-40 NP-40 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 370 23 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 370 24 Triton Triton NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 370 25 X-100 x-100 NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 370 26 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 370 27 low low JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 370 28 salt salt NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 370 29 concentrations concentration NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 370 30 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 371 1 After after IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 371 2 detergent detergent NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 371 3 disruption disruption NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 371 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 371 5 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 371 6 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 371 7 envelope envelope NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 371 8 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 371 9 solubilized solubilized JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 371 10 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 371 11 could could MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 371 12 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 371 13 separated separate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 371 14 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 371 15 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 371 16 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 371 17 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 371 18 sedimentation sedimentation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 371 19 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 371 20 sucrose sucrose NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 371 21 density density NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 371 22 gradients gradient NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 371 23 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 372 1 Garwes Garwes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 372 2 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 372 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 372 4 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 373 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 373 2 1976 1976 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 373 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 373 4 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 373 5 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 373 6 first first JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 373 7 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 373 8 report report VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 373 9 isolation isolation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 373 10 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 373 11 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 373 12 surface surface NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 373 13 projections projection NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 373 14 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 373 15 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 373 16 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 373 17 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 373 18 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 373 19 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 373 20 TGEV TGEV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 373 21 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 373 22 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 373 23 this this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 373 24 technique technique NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 373 25 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 374 1 Immunization immunization NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 374 2 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 374 3 NP-40-solubilized np-40-solubilized CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 374 4 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 374 5 gradient gradient NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 374 6 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 374 7 purified purify VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 374 8 TGEV TGEV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 374 9 suface suface NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 374 10 projections projection NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 374 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 374 12 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 374 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 374 14 induced induce VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 374 15 neutralizing neutralize VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 374 16 antibodies antibody NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 374 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 374 18 see see VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 374 19 Section Section NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 374 20 IV IV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 374 21 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 374 22 A A NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 374 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 374 24 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 375 1 Johnson Johnson NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 375 2 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 375 3 Lussenberg Lussenberg NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 375 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 375 5 1975 1975 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 375 6 - - SYM cord-338307-vfutmwxq 375 7 1976 1976 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 375 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 375 9 isolated isolate VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 375 10 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 375 11 nucleoprotein nucleoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 375 12 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 375 13 2293 2293 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 375 14 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 375 15 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 375 16 similar similar JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 375 17 method method NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 375 18 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 376 1 Similar similar JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 376 2 studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 376 3 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 376 4 carried carry VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 376 5 out out RP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 376 6 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 376 7 HEV HEV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 376 8 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 376 9 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 376 10 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 376 11 JHM JHM NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 376 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 376 13 Pocock Pocock NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 376 14 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 376 15 Garwes Garwes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 376 16 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 376 17 1977 1977 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 376 18 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 376 19 Wege Wege NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 376 20 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 376 21 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 376 22 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 376 23 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 376 24 1979 1979 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 376 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 376 26 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 377 1 In in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 377 2 these these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 377 3 studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 377 4 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 377 5 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 377 6 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 377 7 sedimented sediment VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 377 8 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 377 9 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 377 10 density density NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 377 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 377 12 1.24 1.24 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 377 13 - - SYM cord-338307-vfutmwxq 377 14 1.29 1.29 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 377 15 gm gm NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 377 16 / / SYM cord-338307-vfutmwxq 377 17 ml ml NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 377 18 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 377 19 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 377 20 found find VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 377 21 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 377 22 consist consist VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 377 23 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 377 24 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 377 25 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 377 26 association association NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 377 27 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 377 28 both both CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 377 29 N N NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 377 30 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 377 31 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 377 32 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 377 33 structural structural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 377 34 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 377 35 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 378 1 Electron electron NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 378 2 microscopy microscopy NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 378 3 revealed reveal VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 378 4 spherical spherical JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 378 5 " " `` cord-338307-vfutmwxq 378 6 cores core NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 378 7 " " '' cord-338307-vfutmwxq 378 8 60 60 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 378 9 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 378 10 70 70 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 378 11 nm nm NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 378 12 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 378 13 diameter diameter NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 378 14 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 378 15 sometimes sometimes RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 378 16 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 378 17 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 378 18 strand strand NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 378 19 approximately approximately RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 378 20 9 9 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 378 21 nm nm NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 378 22 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 378 23 diameter diameter NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 378 24 inside inside RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 378 25 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 379 1 Helical Helical NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 379 2 nucleocapsids nucleocapsid NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 380 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 380 2 Fig Fig NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 380 3 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 380 4 1B 1b LS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 380 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 380 6 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 380 7 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 380 8 observed observe VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 380 9 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 380 10 these these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 380 11 studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 380 12 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 381 1 In in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 381 2 similar similar JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 381 3 studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 381 4 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 381 5 NP-40-disrupted np-40-disrupted JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 381 6 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 381 7 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 381 8 A59 A59 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 381 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 381 10 Sturman Sturman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 381 11 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 381 12 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 381 13 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 381 14 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 381 15 19801 19801 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 381 16 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 381 17 we -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 381 18 found find VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 381 19 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 381 20 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 381 21 temperature temperature NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 381 22 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 381 23 solubilization solubilization NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 381 24 determined determine VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 381 25 whether whether IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 381 26 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 381 27 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 381 28 would would MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 381 29 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 381 30 isolated isolate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 381 31 separately separately RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 381 32 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 381 33 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 381 34 association association NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 381 35 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 381 36 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 381 37 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 381 38 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 1 Solubilization Solubilization NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 2 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 3 t t NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 4 4 4 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 5 ° ° NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 6 C C NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 7 yielded yield VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 8 separate separate JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 9 peaks peak NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 10 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 11 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 12 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 13 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 14 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 15 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 16 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 17 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 19 p p NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 20 = = SYM cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 21 1.28 1.28 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 22 gm gm NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 23 / / SYM cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 24 ml ml NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 25 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 26 Fig Fig NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 27 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 28 lOA lOA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 30 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 31 whereas whereas IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 32 incubation incubation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 33 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 34 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 35 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 36 extract extract NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 37 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 38 37 37 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 39 ° ° NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 40 C c NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 41 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 42 30 30 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 43 minutes minute NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 44 resulted result VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 45 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 46 quantitative quantitative JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 47 binding binding NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 48 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 49 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 50 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 51 t t NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 52 o o NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 53 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 54 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 55 forming form VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 56 an an DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 57 E1-N e1-n NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 58 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 59 RNA rna NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 60 complex complex NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 61 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 62 p p NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 63 = = SYM cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 64 1.22 1.22 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 65 gm gm NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 66 / / SYM cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 67 ml ml NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 68 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 69 Fig Fig NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 382 70 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 383 1 10B 10b LS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 383 2 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 383 3 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 384 1 In in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 384 2 negatively negatively RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 384 3 stained stain VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 384 4 preparations preparation NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 384 5 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 384 6 purified purify VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 384 7 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 384 8 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 384 9 formed form VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 384 10 irregular irregular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 384 11 aggregates aggregate NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 384 12 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 384 13 varied varied JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 384 14 size size NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 384 15 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 384 16 whereas whereas IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 384 17 purified purify VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 384 18 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 384 19 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 384 20 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 384 21 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 384 22 form form NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 384 23 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 384 24 single single JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 384 25 peplomers peplomer NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 384 26 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 384 27 rosette rosette NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 384 28 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 384 29 like like JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 384 30 aggregates aggregate NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 384 31 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 384 32 about about IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 384 33 12 12 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 384 34 peplomers peplomer NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 384 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 384 36 Fig Fig NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 384 37 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 384 38 1C 1C NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 384 39 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 384 40 D D NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 384 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 384 42 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 385 1 Purified purify VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 385 2 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 385 3 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 385 4 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 385 5 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 385 6 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 385 7 used use VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 385 8 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 385 9 raise raise VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 385 10 monospecific monospecific JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 385 11 antisera antisera NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 385 12 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 385 13 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 385 14 analysis analysis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 385 15 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 385 16 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 385 17 functions function NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 385 18 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 385 19 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 385 20 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 385 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 385 22 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 385 23 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 385 24 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 385 25 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 385 26 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 385 27 1981b 1981b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 385 28 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 385 29 Section section NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 385 30 IV IV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 385 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 385 32 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 386 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 386 2 reasons reason NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 386 3 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 386 4 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 386 5 difficulty difficulty NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 386 6 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 386 7 isolating isolate VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 386 8 helical helical JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 386 9 nucleocapsids nucleocapsid NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 386 10 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 386 11 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 386 12 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 386 13 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 386 14 yet yet RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 386 15 clear clear JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 386 16 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 387 1 E. E. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 387 2 0 0 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 387 3 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 388 1 Caul Caul NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 388 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 388 3 personal personal JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 388 4 communication communication NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 388 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 388 6 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 388 7 suggested suggest VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 388 8 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 388 9 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 388 10 helical helical JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 388 11 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 388 12 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 388 13 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 388 14 virion virion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 388 15 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 388 16 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 388 17 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 388 18 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 388 19 Sturman Sturman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 388 20 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 388 21 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 388 22 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 388 23 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 388 24 1980 1980 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 388 25 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 388 26 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 388 27 permission permission NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 388 28 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 388 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 389 1 form form NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 389 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 389 3 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 389 4 labile labile JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 389 5 supercoiled supercoiled JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 389 6 structure structure NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 389 7 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 389 8 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 389 9 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 389 10 identical identical JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 389 11 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 389 12 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 389 13 60to 60to JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 389 14 70-nm 70-nm CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 389 15 spherical spherical JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 389 16 forms form NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 389 17 described describe VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 389 18 above above RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 389 19 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 390 1 Alternatively alternatively RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 390 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 390 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 390 4 60to 60to JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 390 5 70 70 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 390 6 nm nm NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 390 7 particles particle NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 390 8 could could MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 390 9 represent represent VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 390 10 incompletely incompletely RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 390 11 solubilized solubilized JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 390 12 nucleocapsids nucleocapsid NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 390 13 within within IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 390 14 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 390 15 membrane membrane NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 390 16 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 390 17 like like JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 390 18 structure structure NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 390 19 containing contain VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 390 20 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 390 21 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 390 22 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 391 1 In in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 391 2 some some DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 391 3 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 391 4 inclusions inclusion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 391 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 391 6 nucleocapsids nucleocapsid NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 391 7 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 391 8 such such PDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 391 9 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 391 10 structure structure NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 391 11 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 391 12 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 391 13 visualized visualize VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 391 14 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 391 15 transmission transmission NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 391 16 electron electron NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 391 17 microscopy microscopy NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 391 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 392 1 Dubois Dubois NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 392 2 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 392 3 Dalcq Dalcq NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 392 4 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 392 5 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 392 6 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 393 1 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 393 2 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 393 3 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 393 4 Section section NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 393 5 111,F 111,f CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 393 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 393 7 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 394 1 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 394 2 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 394 3 Behnke Behnke NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 394 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 394 5 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 394 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 394 7 observed observe VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 394 8 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 394 9 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 394 10 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 394 11 A59 A59 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 394 12 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 394 13 changed change VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 394 14 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 394 15 spherical spherical JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 394 16 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 394 17 flattened flatten VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 394 18 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 394 19 disk disk NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 394 20 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 394 21 shaped shape VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 394 22 particles particle NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 394 23 during during IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 394 24 migration migration NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 394 25 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 394 26 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 394 27 rough rough JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 394 28 endoplasmic endoplasmic NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 394 29 reticulum reticulum NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 394 30 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 394 31 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 394 32 Golgi Golgi NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 394 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 394 34 Section section NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 394 35 111,F 111,f CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 394 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 394 37 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 395 1 Such such JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 395 2 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 395 3 change change NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 395 4 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 395 5 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 395 6 correlated correlate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 395 7 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 395 8 supercoiling supercoiling NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 395 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 395 10 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 395 11 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 395 12 strands strand NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 395 13 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 396 1 Several several JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 396 2 investigators investigator NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 396 3 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 396 4 studied study VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 396 5 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 396 6 susceptiblity susceptiblity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 396 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 396 8 isolated isolate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 396 9 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 396 10 nucleocapsids nucleocapsid NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 396 11 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 396 12 digestion digestion VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 396 13 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 396 14 proteases protease NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 396 15 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 396 16 RNase rnase NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 396 17 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 397 1 Using use VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 397 2 an an DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 397 3 electron electron NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 397 4 microscopic microscopic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 397 5 assay assay NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 397 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 397 7 Davies Davies NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 397 8 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 397 9 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 397 10 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 398 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 398 2 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 398 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 398 4 showed show VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 398 5 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 398 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 398 7 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 398 8 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 398 9 IBV IBV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 398 10 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 398 11 destroyed destroy VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 398 12 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 398 13 trypsin trypsin NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 398 14 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 398 15 Pronase Pronase NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 398 16 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 398 17 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 398 18 partially partially RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 398 19 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 398 20 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 398 21 degradation degradation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 398 22 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 398 23 pancreatic pancreatic NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 398 24 ribonuclease ribonuclease NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 398 25 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 399 1 During during IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 399 2 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 399 3 past past JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 399 4 few few JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 399 5 years year NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 399 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 399 7 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 399 8 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 399 9 understanding understanding NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 399 10 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 399 11 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 399 12 replication replication NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 399 13 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 399 14 begun begin VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 399 15 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 399 16 emerge emerge VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 399 17 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 400 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 400 2 current current JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 400 3 concept concept NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 400 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 400 5 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 400 6 replication replication NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 400 7 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 400 8 shown show VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 400 9 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 400 10 Fig Fig NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 400 11 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 401 1 11 11 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 401 2 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 402 1 Although although IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 402 2 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 402 3 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 402 4 structural structural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 402 5 similarities similarity NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 402 6 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 402 7 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 402 8 large large JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 402 9 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 402 10 enveloped envelop VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 402 11 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 402 12 negative negative JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 402 13 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 402 14 stranded stranded JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 402 15 orthomyxo orthomyxo NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 402 16 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 402 17 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 402 18 paramyxoviruses paramyxovirus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 402 19 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 402 20 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 402 21 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 402 22 demonstrate demonstrate VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 402 23 several several JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 402 24 unique unique JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 402 25 features feature NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 402 26 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 402 27 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 402 28 replicative replicative JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 402 29 cycle cycle NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 402 30 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 403 1 A a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 403 2 nested nested JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 403 3 set set NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 403 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 403 5 five five CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 403 6 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 403 7 six six CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 403 8 subgenomic subgenomic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 403 9 mRNAs mRNAs NNPS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 403 10 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 403 11 elaborated elaborate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 403 12 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 403 13 each each DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 403 14 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 403 15 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 403 16 codes code VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 403 17 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 403 18 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 403 19 single single JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 403 20 protein protein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 403 21 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 404 1 There there EX cord-338307-vfutmwxq 404 2 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 404 3 some some DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 404 4 evidence evidence NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 404 5 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 404 6 suggests suggest VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 404 7 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 404 8 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 404 9 fusion fusion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 404 10 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 404 11 play play VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 404 12 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 404 13 role role NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 404 14 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 404 15 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 404 16 replication replication NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 404 17 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 405 1 In in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 405 2 some some DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 405 3 cases case NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 405 4 an an DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 405 5 O o NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 405 6 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 405 7 linked link VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 405 8 envelope envelope NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 405 9 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 405 10 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 405 11 formed form VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 405 12 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 405 13 exhibits exhibit VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 405 14 restricted restrict VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 405 15 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 405 16 transport transport NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 405 17 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 406 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 406 2 cellular cellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 406 3 secretory secretory NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 406 4 apparatus apparatus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 406 5 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 406 6 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 406 7 used use VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 406 8 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 406 9 release release NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 406 10 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 406 11 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 406 12 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 407 1 While while IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 407 2 much much RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 407 3 clearly clearly RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 407 4 remains remain VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 407 5 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 407 6 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 407 7 learned learn VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 407 8 about about IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 407 9 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 407 10 replication replication NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 407 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 407 12 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 407 13 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 407 14 it -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 407 15 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 407 16 already already RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 407 17 apparent apparent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 407 18 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 407 19 they -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 407 20 utilize utilize VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 407 21 many many JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 407 22 novel novel JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 407 23 ways way NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 407 24 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 407 25 solving solve VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 407 26 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 407 27 problems problem NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 407 28 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 407 29 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 407 30 replication replication NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 407 31 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 408 1 Relatively relatively RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 408 2 little little JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 408 3 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 408 4 known know VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 408 5 about about IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 408 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 408 7 earliest early JJS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 408 8 stages stage NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 408 9 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 408 10 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 408 11 replication replication NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 408 12 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 409 1 Although although IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 409 2 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 409 3 marked marked JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 409 4 host host NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 409 5 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 409 6 tissue tissue NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 409 7 tropisms tropism NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 409 8 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 409 9 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 409 10 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 409 11 frequently frequently RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 409 12 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 409 13 ascribed ascribe VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 409 14 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 409 15 possible possible JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 409 16 host host NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 409 17 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 409 18 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 409 19 receptor receptor NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 409 20 specificities specificity NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 409 21 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 409 22 studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 409 23 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 409 24 early early JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 409 25 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 409 26 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 409 27 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 409 28 interactions interaction NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 409 29 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 409 30 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 409 31 limited limit VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 409 32 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 410 1 In in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 410 2 studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 410 3 analogous analogous JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 410 4 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 410 5 those those DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 410 6 done do VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 410 7 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 410 8 myxoviruses myxovirus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 410 9 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 410 10 early early JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 410 11 studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 410 12 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 410 13 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 410 14 interaction interaction NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 410 15 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 410 16 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 410 17 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 410 18 membranes membrane NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 410 19 used use VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 410 20 hemagglutination hemagglutination NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 410 21 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 410 22 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 410 23 model model NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 410 24 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 410 25 binding bind VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 410 26 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 410 27 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 410 28 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 410 29 surface surface NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 410 30 receptor receptor NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 410 31 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 411 1 Several several JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 411 2 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 411 3 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 411 4 including include VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 411 5 HEV HEV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 411 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 411 7 Greig Greig NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 411 8 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 411 9 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 411 10 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 411 11 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 411 12 19621 19621 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 411 13 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 411 14 IBV IBV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 411 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 411 16 Corbo Corbo NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 411 17 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 411 18 Cun- Cun- NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 412 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 412 2 entire entire JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 412 3 replicative replicative JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 412 4 cycle cycle NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 412 5 occurs occur VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 412 6 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 412 7 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 412 8 cytoplasm cytoplasm NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 412 9 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 413 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 413 2 genomic genomic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 413 3 RNA rna NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 413 4 acts act NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 413 5 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 413 6 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 413 7 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 413 8 direct direct VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 413 9 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 413 10 synthesis synthesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 413 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 413 12 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 413 13 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 413 14 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 413 15 dependent dependent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 413 16 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 413 17 polymerase polymerase NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 413 18 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 414 1 This this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 414 2 enzyme enzyme NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 414 3 copies copy NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 414 4 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 414 5 genomic genomic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 414 6 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 414 7 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 414 8 form form VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 414 9 full full JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 414 10 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 414 11 length length NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 414 12 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 414 13 negative negative JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 414 14 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 414 15 stranded stranded JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 414 16 templates template NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 414 17 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 415 1 From from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 415 2 these these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 415 3 templates template NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 415 4 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 415 5 using use VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 415 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 415 7 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 415 8 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 415 9 polymerase polymerase NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 415 10 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 415 11 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 415 12 series series NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 415 13 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 415 14 subgenomic subgenomic NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 415 15 mRNAs mRNAs NNPS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 415 16 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 415 17 synthesized synthesize VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 415 18 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 416 1 These these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 416 2 mRNAs mrnas WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 416 3 form form VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 416 4 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 416 5 nested nest VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 416 6 set set NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 416 7 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 416 8 common common JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 416 9 3 3 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 416 10 ' ' '' cord-338307-vfutmwxq 416 11 ends end NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 416 12 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 417 1 All all DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 417 2 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 417 3 capped cap VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 417 4 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 417 5 polyadenylated polyadenylate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 417 6 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 418 1 Each each DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 418 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 418 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 418 4 mRNAs mrnas CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 418 5 apparently apparently RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 418 6 codes code VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 418 7 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 418 8 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 418 9 single single JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 418 10 gene gene NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 418 11 product product NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 418 12 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 419 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 419 2 functions function NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 419 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 419 4 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 419 5 nonstructural nonstructural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 419 6 gene gene NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 419 7 products product NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 419 8 NS NS NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 419 9 14 14 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 419 10 K K NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 419 11 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 419 12 NS NS NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 419 13 35 35 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 420 1 K K NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 420 2 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 420 3 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 420 4 known know VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 420 5 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 421 1 RNA7 RNA7 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 421 2 codes code NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 421 3 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 421 4 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 421 5 synthesis synthesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 421 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 421 7 N n CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 421 8 protein protein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 421 9 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 421 10 free free JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 421 11 ribosomes ribosome NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 421 12 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 422 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 422 2 N N NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 422 3 protein protein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 422 4 associates associate NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 422 5 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 422 6 newly newly RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 422 7 formed form VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 422 8 genomic genomic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 422 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 422 10 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 422 11 form form VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 422 12 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 422 13 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 422 14 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 422 15 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 423 1 RNA3 RNA3 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 423 2 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 423 3 -6 -6 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 423 4 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 423 5 translated translate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 423 6 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 423 7 membranebound membranebound JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 423 8 ribosomes ribosome NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 424 1 t t NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 424 2 o o NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 424 3 yield yield NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 424 4 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 424 5 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 424 6 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 424 7 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 424 8 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 424 9 respectively respectively RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 424 10 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 425 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 425 2 peplomeric peplomeric JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 425 3 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 425 4 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 425 5 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 425 6 cotranslationally cotranslationally RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 425 7 glycosylated glycosylate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 425 8 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 425 9 asparagine asparagine NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 425 10 residues residue NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 425 11 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 425 12 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 425 13 core core NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 425 14 oligosaccharides oligosaccharide NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 425 15 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 425 16 trimmed trim VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 425 17 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 425 18 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 425 19 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 425 20 migrates migrate VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 425 21 through through IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 425 22 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 425 23 Golgi Golgi NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 425 24 apparatus apparatus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 425 25 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 426 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 426 2 membrane membrane NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 426 3 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 426 4 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 426 5 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 426 6 1 1 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 426 7 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 426 8 migrates migrate VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 426 9 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 426 10 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 426 11 Golgi Golgi NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 426 12 apparatus apparatus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 426 13 where where WRB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 426 14 oligosaccharides oligosaccharide NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 426 15 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 426 16 added add VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 426 17 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 426 18 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 426 19 serine serine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 426 20 residues residue NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 426 21 posttranslationally posttranslationally RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 426 22 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 427 1 Virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 427 2 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 427 3 formed form VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 427 4 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 427 5 budding bud VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 427 6 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 427 7 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 427 8 rough rough JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 427 9 endoplasmic endoplasmic NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 427 10 reticulum reticulum NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 427 11 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 427 12 Golgi Golgi NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 427 13 apparatus apparatus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 427 14 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 427 15 but but CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 427 16 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 427 17 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 427 18 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 427 19 plasma plasma NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 427 20 membrane membrane NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 427 21 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 428 1 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 428 2 migrates migrate VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 428 3 readily readily RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 428 4 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 428 5 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 428 6 plasma plasma NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 428 7 membrane membrane NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 428 8 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 428 9 but but CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 428 10 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 428 11 transport transport NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 428 12 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 428 13 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 428 14 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 428 15 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 428 16 limited limit VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 428 17 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 428 18 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 428 19 Golgi Golgi NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 428 20 apparatus apparatus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 428 21 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 429 1 Virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 429 2 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 429 3 released release VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 429 4 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 429 5 intact intact JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 429 6 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 429 7 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 429 8 fusion fusion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 429 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 429 10 post post JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 429 11 - - JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 429 12 Golgi golgi JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 429 13 vesicles vesicle NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 429 14 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 429 15 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 429 16 plasma plasma NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 429 17 membrane membrane NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 429 18 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 429 19 possibly possibly RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 429 20 using use VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 429 21 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 429 22 cellular cellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 429 23 secretory secretory NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 429 24 apparatus apparatus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 429 25 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 430 1 Numerous numerous JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 430 2 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 430 3 adsorb adsorb VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 430 4 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 430 5 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 430 6 plasma plasma NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 430 7 membrane membrane NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 430 8 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 430 9 infected infected JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 430 10 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 430 11 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 431 1 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 431 2 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 431 3 induced induce VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 431 4 cytopathic cytopathic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 431 5 effects effect NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 431 6 include include VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 431 7 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 431 8 fusion fusion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 431 9 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 431 10 rounding rounding NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 431 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 431 12 infected infected JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 431 13 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 431 14 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 432 1 ningham ningham NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 432 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 432 3 1959 1959 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 432 4 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 432 5 Bingham Bingham NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 432 6 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 432 7 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 432 8 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 432 9 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 432 10 19751 19751 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 432 11 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 432 12 BCV BCV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 432 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 432 14 Sharpee Sharpee NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 432 15 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 432 16 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 432 17 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 432 18 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 432 19 1976 1976 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 432 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 432 21 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 432 22 rabbit rabbit NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 432 23 enteric enteric JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 432 24 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 432 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 432 26 LaPierre LaPierre NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 432 27 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 432 28 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 432 29 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 432 30 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 432 31 19801 19801 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 432 32 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 432 33 HCV HCV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 432 34 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 432 35 OC38/43 OC38/43 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 433 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 433 2 Kaye Kaye NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 433 3 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 433 4 Dowdle Dowdle NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 433 5 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 433 6 19691 19691 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 433 7 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 433 8 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 433 9 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 433 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 433 11 Sugiyama Sugiyama NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 433 12 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 433 13 Amano Amano NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 433 14 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 433 15 1980 1980 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 433 16 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 433 17 Walker Walker NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 433 18 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 433 19 Clantor Clantor NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 433 20 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 433 21 19801 19801 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 433 22 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 433 23 can can MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 433 24 cause cause VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 433 25 hemagglutination hemagglutination NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 434 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 434 2 see see VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 434 3 Section Section NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 434 4 IV IV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 434 5 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 434 6 A A NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 434 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 434 8 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 435 1 Mengeling Mengeling NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 435 2 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 435 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 435 4 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 436 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 436 2 1972 1972 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 436 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 436 4 showed show VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 436 5 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 436 6 HEV HEV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 436 7 bound bind VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 436 8 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 436 9 avian avian JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 436 10 erythrocytes erythrocyte NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 436 11 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 436 12 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 436 13 tips tip NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 436 14 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 436 15 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 436 16 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 436 17 peplomers peplomer NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 436 18 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 437 1 Binding bind VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 437 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 437 3 IBV IBV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 437 4 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 437 5 erythrocytes erythrocyte NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 437 6 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 437 7 studied study VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 437 8 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 437 9 Bingham Bingham NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 437 10 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 437 11 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 437 12 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 438 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 438 2 19751 19751 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 438 3 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 438 4 who who WP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 438 5 found find VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 438 6 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 438 7 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 438 8 binding binding NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 438 9 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 438 10 inhibited inhibit VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 438 11 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 438 12 protease protease NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 438 13 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 438 14 neuraminidase neuraminidase NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 438 15 treatment treatment NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 438 16 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 438 17 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 438 18 enhanced enhance VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 438 19 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 438 20 phospholipase phospholipase NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 438 21 C c NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 438 22 treatment treatment NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 438 23 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 438 24 erythrocytes erythrocyte NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 438 25 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 439 1 Shif Shif NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 439 2 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 439 3 Bang Bang NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 439 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 439 5 1970 1970 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 439 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 439 7 suggested suggest VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 439 8 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 439 9 MHV-2 MHV-2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 439 10 bound bind VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 439 11 equally equally RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 439 12 well well RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 439 13 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 439 14 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 439 15 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 439 16 mice mouse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 439 17 genetically genetically RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 439 18 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 439 19 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 439 20 resistant resistant JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 439 21 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 439 22 MHV-2 MHV-2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 439 23 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 440 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 440 2 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 440 3 equivalent equivalent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 440 4 amounts amount NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 440 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 440 6 infectious infectious JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 440 7 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 440 8 remaining remain VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 440 9 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 440 10 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 440 11 supernatant supernatant JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 440 12 medium medium NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 440 13 over over IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 440 14 macrophage macrophage NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 440 15 cultures culture NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 440 16 after after IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 440 17 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 440 18 adsorption adsorption NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 440 19 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 441 1 Binding bind VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 441 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 441 3 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 441 4 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 441 5 A59 A59 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 441 6 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 441 7 L2 l2 NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 441 8 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 441 9 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 441 10 spinner spinner NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 441 11 culture culture NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 441 12 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 441 13 studied study VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 441 14 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 441 15 Richter Richter NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 441 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 441 17 19761 19761 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 441 18 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 441 19 who who WP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 441 20 found find VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 441 21 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 441 22 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 441 23 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 441 24 surface surface NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 441 25 receptor receptor NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 441 26 activity activity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 441 27 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 441 28 removed remove VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 441 29 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 441 30 protease protease NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 441 31 treatment treatment NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 441 32 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 441 33 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 441 34 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 441 35 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 442 1 This this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 442 2 suggested suggest VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 442 3 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 442 4 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 442 5 receptor receptor NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 442 6 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 442 7 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 442 8 protein protein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 442 9 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 443 1 Attachment attachment NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 443 2 occurred occur VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 443 3 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 443 4 4 4 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 443 5 C c NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 443 6 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 443 7 more more RBR cord-338307-vfutmwxq 443 8 rapidly rapidly RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 443 9 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 443 10 37 37 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 443 11 ° ° NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 443 12 C c NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 443 13 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 444 1 Saturation saturation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 444 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 444 3 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 444 4 receptor receptor NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 444 5 sites site NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 444 6 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 444 7 achieved achieve VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 444 8 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 444 9 only only RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 444 10 about about RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 444 11 700 700 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 444 12 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 444 13 particles particle NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 444 14 per per IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 444 15 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 444 16 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 445 1 Additional additional JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 445 2 studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 445 3 showed show VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 445 4 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 445 5 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 445 6 4 4 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 445 7 ° ° NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 445 8 C C NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 445 9 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 445 10 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 445 11 A59 A59 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 445 12 bound bind VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 445 13 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 445 14 splenic splenic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 445 15 lymphocytes lymphocyte NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 445 16 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 445 17 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 445 18 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 445 19 resistant resistant JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 445 20 mice mouse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 445 21 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 445 22 but but CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 445 23 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 445 24 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 445 25 thymocytes thymocyte NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 445 26 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 446 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 446 2 interaction interaction NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 446 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 446 4 MHV-3 MHV-3 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 446 5 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 446 6 L l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 446 7 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 446 8 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 446 9 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 446 10 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 446 11 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 446 12 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 446 13 resistant resistant JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 446 14 strains strain NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 446 15 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 446 16 mice mouse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 446 17 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 446 18 studied study VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 446 19 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 446 20 Krystyniak Krystyniak NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 446 21 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 446 22 Dupuy Dupuy NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 446 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 446 24 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 446 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 446 26 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 447 1 At at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 447 2 37"C 37"c CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 447 3 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 447 4 radioactive radioactive JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 447 5 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 447 6 bound bind VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 447 7 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 447 8 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 447 9 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 447 10 spleen spleen NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 447 11 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 447 12 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 447 13 T t NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 447 14 lymphocytes lymphocyte NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 447 15 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 447 16 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 447 17 thymocytes thymocyte NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 447 18 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 448 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 448 2 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 448 3 bound bind VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 448 4 equally equally RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 448 5 well well RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 448 6 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 448 7 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 448 8 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 448 9 genetically genetically RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 448 10 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 448 11 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 448 12 resistant resistant JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 448 13 mice mouse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 448 14 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 449 1 This this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 449 2 supports support VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 449 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 449 4 conclusion conclusion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 449 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 449 6 Shif Shif NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 449 7 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 449 8 Bang Bang NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 449 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 449 10 1970 1970 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 449 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 449 12 that that WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 449 13 genetic genetic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 449 14 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 449 15 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 449 16 resistance resistance NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 449 17 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 449 18 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 449 19 determined determine VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 449 20 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 449 21 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 449 22 level level NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 449 23 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 449 24 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 449 25 receptors receptor NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 449 26 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 450 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 450 2 binding binding NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 450 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 450 4 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 450 5 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 450 6 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 450 7 appeared appear VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 450 8 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 450 9 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 450 10 via via IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 450 11 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 450 12 peplomeric peplomeric JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 450 13 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 450 14 since since IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 450 15 antibody antibody NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 450 16 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 450 17 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 450 18 peplomeric peplomeric JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 450 19 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 450 20 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 450 21 inhibited inhibited JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 450 22 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 450 23 infectivity infectivity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 450 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 451 1 Garwes Garwes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 451 2 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 451 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 451 4 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 451 5 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 451 6 1978 1978 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 451 7 - - SYM cord-338307-vfutmwxq 451 8 19791 19791 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 451 9 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 451 10 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 451 11 isolated isolate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 451 12 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 451 13 competed compete VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 451 14 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 451 15 intact intact JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 451 16 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 451 17 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 451 18 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 451 19 same same JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 451 20 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 451 21 surface surface NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 451 22 receptor receptor NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 451 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 451 24 K. K. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 451 25 V. V. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 451 26 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 451 27 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 451 28 unpublished unpublished JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 451 29 observation observation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 451 30 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 451 31 see see VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 451 32 Section Section NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 451 33 IV IV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 451 34 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 451 35 B B NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 451 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 451 37 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 452 1 Scanning scanning NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 452 2 electron electron NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 452 3 microscopic microscopic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 452 4 analysis analysis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 452 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 452 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 452 7 binding binding NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 452 8 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 452 9 HCV-229E HCV-229E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 452 10 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 452 11 cultures culture NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 452 12 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 452 13 MRC MRC NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 452 14 human human JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 452 15 diploid diploid JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 452 16 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 452 17 showed show VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 452 18 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 452 19 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 452 20 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 452 21 bound bind VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 452 22 randomly randomly RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 452 23 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 452 24 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 452 25 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 452 26 surface surface NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 452 27 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 452 28 4 4 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 452 29 ° ° NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 452 30 C C NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 452 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 452 32 Patterson Patterson NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 452 33 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 452 34 Macnaughton Macnaughton NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 452 35 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 452 36 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 452 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 452 38 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 453 1 Warming warm VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 453 2 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 453 3 cultures culture NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 453 4 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 453 5 37 37 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 453 6 ° ° NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 453 7 C C NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 453 8 resulted result VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 453 9 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 453 10 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 453 11 loss loss NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 453 12 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 453 13 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 453 14 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 453 15 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 453 16 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 453 17 periphery periphery NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 453 18 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 453 19 apparently apparently RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 453 20 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 453 21 an an DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 453 22 energy energy NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 453 23 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 453 24 dependent dependent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 453 25 capping capping NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 453 26 mechanism mechanism NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 453 27 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 454 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 454 2 penetration penetration NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 454 3 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 454 4 uncoating uncoating NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 454 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 454 6 enveloped envelop VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 454 7 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 454 8 viruses virus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 454 9 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 454 10 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 454 11 studied study VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 454 12 extensively extensively RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 454 13 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 454 14 recent recent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 454 15 years year NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 454 16 using use VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 454 17 biochemical biochemical JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 454 18 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 454 19 electron electron NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 454 20 microscopic microscopic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 454 21 techniques technique NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 454 22 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 455 1 Semliki Semliki NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 455 2 Forest Forest NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 455 3 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 455 4 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 455 5 influenza influenza NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 455 6 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 455 7 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 455 8 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 455 9 vesicular vesicular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 455 10 stomatitis stomatitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 455 11 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 455 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 455 13 VSV VSV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 455 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 455 15 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 455 16 bind bind VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 455 17 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 455 18 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 455 19 surface surface NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 455 20 receptors receptor NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 455 21 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 455 22 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 455 23 internalized internalize VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 455 24 via via IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 455 25 coated coated JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 455 26 pits pit NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 455 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 455 28 Helenius Helenius NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 455 29 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 455 30 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 455 31 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 455 32 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 455 33 1980a 1980a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 455 34 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 455 35 Marsh Marsh NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 455 36 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 455 37 Hel Hel NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 455 38 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 455 39 enius enius NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 455 40 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 455 41 1980 1980 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 455 42 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 455 43 Matlin Matlin NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 455 44 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 455 45 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 455 46 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 455 47 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 455 48 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 456 1 Matlin Matlin NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 456 2 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 456 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 456 4 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 456 5 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 456 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 456 7 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 456 8 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 457 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 457 2 vesicles vesicle NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 457 3 containing contain VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 457 4 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 457 5 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 457 6 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 457 7 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 457 8 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 457 9 similar similar JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 457 10 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 457 11 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 457 12 receptosomes receptosome NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 457 13 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 457 14 Willingham Willingham NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 457 15 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 457 16 Pastan Pastan NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 457 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 457 18 1980 1980 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 457 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 457 20 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 457 21 then then RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 457 22 appear appear VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 457 23 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 457 24 fuse fuse VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 457 25 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 457 26 endosomes endosome NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 457 27 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 458 1 At at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 458 2 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 458 3 low low JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 458 4 pH ph NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 458 5 within within IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 458 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 458 7 endosomes endosome NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 458 8 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 458 9 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 458 10 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 458 11 envelopes envelope NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 458 12 fuse fuse VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 458 13 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 458 14 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 458 15 endosomal endosomal NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 458 16 membranes membrane NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 458 17 releasing release VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 458 18 nucleocapsids nucleocapsid NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 458 19 into into IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 458 20 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 458 21 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 458 22 sap sap NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 458 23 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 459 1 Proteolytic proteolytic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 459 2 cleavage cleavage NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 459 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 459 4 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 459 5 peplomeric peplomeric JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 459 6 HA HA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 459 7 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 459 8 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 459 9 required require VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 459 10 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 459 11 fusion fusion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 459 12 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 459 13 influenza influenza NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 459 14 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 459 15 envelopes envelope NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 459 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 459 17 Huang Huang NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 459 18 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 459 19 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 459 20 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 459 21 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 459 22 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 459 23 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 459 24 White White NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 459 25 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 459 26 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 459 27 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 459 28 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 459 29 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 459 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 459 31 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 460 1 Although although IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 460 2 detailed detailed JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 460 3 studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 460 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 460 5 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 460 6 penetration penetration NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 460 7 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 460 8 uncoating uncoating NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 460 9 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 460 10 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 460 11 yet yet RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 460 12 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 460 13 performed perform VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 460 14 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 460 15 there there EX cord-338307-vfutmwxq 460 16 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 460 17 some some DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 460 18 indications indication NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 460 19 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 460 20 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 460 21 similar similar JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 460 22 pathway pathway NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 460 23 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 460 24 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 460 25 uptake uptake NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 460 26 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 460 27 occur occur VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 460 28 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 461 1 Electron electron NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 461 2 microscopic microscopic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 461 3 studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 461 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 461 5 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 461 6 uptake uptake NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 461 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 461 8 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 461 9 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 461 10 IBV IBV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 461 11 suggested suggest VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 461 12 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 461 13 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 461 14 entry entry NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 461 15 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 461 16 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 461 17 means mean NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 461 18 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 461 19 viropexis viropexis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 461 20 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 461 21 endocytosis endocytosis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 462 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 462 2 Tanaka Tanaka NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 462 3 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 462 4 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 462 5 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 462 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 462 7 1962 1962 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 462 8 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 462 9 David David NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 462 10 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 462 11 Ferreira Ferreira NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 462 12 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 462 13 Manaker Manaker NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 462 14 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 462 15 1965 1965 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 462 16 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 462 17 Sabesin Sabesin NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 462 18 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 462 19 1971 1971 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 462 20 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 462 21 Patterson Patterson NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 462 22 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 462 23 Bingham Bingham NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 462 24 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 462 25 1976 1976 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 462 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 462 27 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 463 1 However however RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 463 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 463 3 other other JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 463 4 investigators investigator NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 463 5 suggested suggest VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 463 6 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 463 7 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 463 8 entered enter VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 463 9 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 463 10 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 463 11 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 463 12 fusion fusion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 463 13 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 463 14 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 463 15 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 463 16 membrane membrane NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 464 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 464 2 Doughri Doughri NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 464 3 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 464 4 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 464 5 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 464 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 464 7 1976 1976 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 464 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 464 9 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 465 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 465 2 possibility possibility NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 465 3 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 465 4 MHV-3 MHV-3 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 465 5 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 465 6 enter enter VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 465 7 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 465 8 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 465 9 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 465 10 fusion fusion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 465 11 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 465 12 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 465 13 plasma plasma NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 465 14 membrane membrane NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 465 15 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 465 16 supported support VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 465 17 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 465 18 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 465 19 observation observation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 465 20 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 465 21 Krystyniak Krystyniak NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 465 22 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 465 23 Dupuy Dupuy NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 465 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 465 25 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 465 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 465 27 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 465 28 MHV-3 MHV-3 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 465 29 could could MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 465 30 infect infect VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 465 31 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 465 32 treated treat VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 465 33 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 465 34 cytochalasin cytochalasin NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 465 35 B B NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 465 36 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 465 37 prevent prevent VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 465 38 phagocytosis phagocytosis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 465 39 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 466 1 Adsorbed Adsorbed NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 466 2 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 466 3 rapidly rapidly RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 466 4 became become VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 466 5 associated associate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 466 6 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 466 7 lysosomes lysosome NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 466 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 466 9 David David NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 466 10 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 466 11 Ferreira Ferreira NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 466 12 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 466 13 Manaker Manaker NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 466 14 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 466 15 1965 1965 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 466 16 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 466 17 Sebesin Sebesin NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 466 18 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 466 19 1971 1971 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 466 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 466 21 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 467 1 Virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 467 2 uptake uptake NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 467 3 via via IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 467 4 coated coated JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 467 5 pits pit NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 467 6 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 467 7 also also RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 467 8 observed observe VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 467 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 467 10 Chasey Chasey NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 467 11 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 467 12 Alexander Alexander NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 467 13 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 467 14 1976 1976 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 467 15 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 467 16 Arnheiter Arnheiter NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 467 17 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 467 18 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 467 19 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 467 20 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 467 21 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 467 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 467 23 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 1 Chloroquine Chloroquine NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 3 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 4 lysosomotropic lysosomotropic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 5 drug drug NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 6 that that WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 7 elevates elevate VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 8 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 9 pH ph NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 10 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 11 lysosomes lysosome NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 12 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 13 prevents prevent VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 14 penetration penetration NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 15 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 16 Semliki Semliki NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 17 Forest Forest NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 18 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 19 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 20 influenza influenza NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 21 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 22 through through IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 23 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 24 endosomal endosomal NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 25 membrane membrane NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 27 Helenius Helenius NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 28 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 29 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 30 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 31 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 32 1980b 1980b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 33 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 34 19821 19821 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 35 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 36 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 37 found find VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 38 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 39 inhibit inhibit VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 40 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 41 replication replication NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 42 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 43 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 44 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 45 affecting affect VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 46 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 47 stage stage NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 48 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 49 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 50 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 51 adsorption adsorption NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 52 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 53 Mallucci Mallucci NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 54 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 55 1966 1966 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 468 57 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 469 1 In in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 469 2 1979 1979 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 469 3 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 469 4 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 469 5 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 469 6 first first JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 469 7 report report NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 469 8 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 469 9 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 469 10 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 469 11 specific specific JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 469 12 RNAs rna NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 469 13 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 469 14 coronavirusinfected coronavirusinfected JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 469 15 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 469 16 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 469 17 Robb Robb NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 469 18 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 469 19 Bond Bond NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 469 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 469 21 1979b 1979b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 469 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 469 23 identified identify VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 469 24 multiple multiple JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 469 25 size size NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 469 26 classes class NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 469 27 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 469 28 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 469 29 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 469 30 specific specific JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 469 31 RNAs rna NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 469 32 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 469 33 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 469 34 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 469 35 JHM JHM NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 469 36 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 469 37 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 469 38 -A59-infected -a59-infected JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 469 39 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 469 40 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 469 41 fractionation fractionation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 469 42 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 469 43 mRNAs mRNAs NNPS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 469 44 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 469 45 sucrose sucrose NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 469 46 density density NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 469 47 gradients gradient NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 469 48 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 470 1 Soon soon RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 470 2 thereafter thereafter RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 470 3 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 470 4 Siddell Siddell NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 470 5 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 470 6 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 470 7 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 471 1 t t NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 471 2 1980 1980 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 471 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 471 4 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 471 5 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 471 6 different different JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 471 7 size size NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 471 8 classes class NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 471 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 471 10 poly(A)containing poly(A)containing NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 471 11 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 471 12 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 471 13 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 471 14 JHM JHM NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 471 15 RNAs rna NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 471 16 fractionated fractionate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 471 17 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 471 18 sucroseformamide sucroseformamide JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 471 19 gradients gradient NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 471 20 directed direct VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 471 21 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 471 22 synthesis synthesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 471 23 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 471 24 different different JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 471 25 structural structural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 471 26 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 471 27 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 471 28 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 471 29 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 471 30 free free JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 471 31 translation translation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 471 32 systems system NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 471 33 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 472 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 472 2 N N NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 472 3 protein protein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 472 4 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 472 5 translated translate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 472 6 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 472 7 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 472 8 smallest small JJS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 472 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 472 10 17 17 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 472 11 S s NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 472 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 472 13 fraction fraction NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 472 14 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 472 15 whereas whereas IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 472 16 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 472 17 l l NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 472 18 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 472 19 translated translate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 472 20 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 472 21 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 472 22 larger large JJR cord-338307-vfutmwxq 472 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 472 24 19 19 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 472 25 S s NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 472 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 472 27 class class NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 472 28 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 472 29 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 472 30 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 473 1 At at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 473 2 almost almost RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 473 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 473 4 same same JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 473 5 time time NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 473 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 473 7 Stern Stern NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 473 8 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 473 9 Kennedy Kennedy NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 473 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 473 11 1980a 1980a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 473 12 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 473 13 b b LS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 473 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 473 15 showed show VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 473 16 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 473 17 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 473 18 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 473 19 classic classic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 473 20 study study NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 473 21 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 473 22 IBV IBV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 473 23 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 473 24 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 473 25 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 473 26 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 473 27 infection infection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 473 28 resulted result VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 473 29 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 473 30 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 473 31 production production NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 473 32 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 473 33 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 473 34 nested nested JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 473 35 set set NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 473 36 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 473 37 subgenomic subgenomic NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 473 38 messenger messenger NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 473 39 RNAs rna NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 473 40 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 473 41 common common JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 473 42 3 3 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 473 43 ' ' '' cord-338307-vfutmwxq 473 44 ends end NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 473 45 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 474 1 In in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 474 2 IBV IBV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 474 3 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 474 4 infected infect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 474 5 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 474 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 474 7 six six CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 474 8 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 474 9 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 474 10 specific specific JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 474 11 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 474 12 species specie NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 474 13 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 474 14 In in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 474 15 this this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 474 16 diagram diagram NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 474 17 each each DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 474 18 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 474 19 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 474 20 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 474 21 RNase RNase NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 474 22 T1 T1 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 474 23 fingerprint fingerprint NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 474 24 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 474 25 labeled label VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 474 26 according accord VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 474 27 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 474 28 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 474 29 smallest small JJS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 474 30 subgenomic subgenomic NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 474 31 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 474 32 species specie NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 474 33 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 474 34 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 474 35 it -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 474 36 appears appear VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 474 37 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 475 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 475 2 unlabeled unlabeled JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 475 3 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 475 4 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 475 5 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 475 6 included include VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 475 7 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 475 8 subgenomic subgenomic NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 475 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 475 10 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 475 11 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 475 12 hence hence RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 475 13 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 475 14 presumably presumably RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 475 15 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 475 16 represent represent VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 475 17 sequences sequence NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 475 18 between between IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 475 19 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 475 20 5 5 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 475 21 ' ' NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 475 22 end end NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 475 23 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 475 24 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 475 25 genome genome NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 475 26 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 475 27 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 475 28 E. E. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 475 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 475 30 Adapted adapt VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 475 31 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 475 32 Stern Stern NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 475 33 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 475 34 Kennedy Kennedy NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 475 35 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 475 36 1980a 1980a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 475 37 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 475 38 b b NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 475 39 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 475 40 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 475 41 permission permission NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 475 42 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 475 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 475 44 identified identify VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 475 45 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 475 46 electrophoresis electrophoresis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 475 47 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 475 48 agarose agarose NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 475 49 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 475 50 glyoxal glyoxal NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 475 51 gels gel NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 475 52 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 476 1 All all DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 476 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 476 3 these these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 476 4 RNAs rna NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 476 5 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 476 6 polyadenylated polyadenylate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 476 7 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 476 8 therefore therefore RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 476 9 likely likely JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 476 10 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 476 11 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 476 12 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 476 13 message message NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 476 14 sense sense NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 476 15 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 477 1 Together together RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 477 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 477 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 477 4 five five CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 477 5 subgenomic subgenomic NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 477 6 species specie NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 477 7 greatly greatly RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 477 8 exceeded exceed VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 477 9 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 477 10 total total JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 477 11 size size NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 477 12 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 477 13 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 477 14 genomic genomic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 477 15 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 477 16 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 477 17 suggesting suggest VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 477 18 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 477 19 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 477 20 subgenomic subgenomic NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 477 21 RNAs RNAs NNPS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 477 22 shared share VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 477 23 some some DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 477 24 sequences sequence NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 477 25 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 478 1 Comparison comparison NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 478 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 478 3 T1 T1 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 478 4 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 478 5 digests digest NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 478 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 478 7 these these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 478 8 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 478 9 RNAs rna NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 478 10 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 478 11 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 478 12 shown show VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 478 13 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 478 14 Figs Figs NNPS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 478 15 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 479 1 12 12 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 479 2 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 479 3 13 13 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 479 4 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 479 5 revealed reveal VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 479 6 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 479 7 they -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 479 8 formed form VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 479 9 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 479 10 " " `` cord-338307-vfutmwxq 479 11 nested nested JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 479 12 ' ' '' cord-338307-vfutmwxq 479 13 set set NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 479 14 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 479 15 sequences sequence NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 479 16 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 480 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 480 2 oligonucleotides oligonucleotide NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 480 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 480 4 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 480 5 smallest small JJS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 480 6 mRNA mrna NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 480 7 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 480 8 contained contain VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 480 9 within within IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 480 10 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 480 11 next next JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 480 12 larger large JJR cord-338307-vfutmwxq 480 13 mRNA mrna NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 480 14 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 480 15 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 480 16 so so RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 480 17 on on RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 480 18 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 481 1 These these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 481 2 data datum NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 481 3 also also RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 481 4 showed show VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 481 5 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 481 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 481 7 genomic genomic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 481 8 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 481 9 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 481 10 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 481 11 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 481 12 same same JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 481 13 sense sense NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 481 14 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 481 15 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 481 16 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 481 17 since since IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 481 18 they -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 481 19 shared share VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 481 20 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 481 21 same same JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 481 22 oligonucleotides oligonucleotide NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 481 23 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 482 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 482 2 possible possible JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 482 3 origin origin NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 482 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 482 5 several several JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 482 6 unique unique JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 482 7 oligonucleotides oligonucleotide NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 482 8 found find VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 482 9 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 482 10 RNAs rna NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 482 11 A A NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 482 12 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 482 13 C C NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 482 14 will will MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 482 15 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 482 16 discussed discuss VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 482 17 later later RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 482 18 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 483 1 By by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 483 2 ordering order VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 483 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 483 4 T1 T1 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 483 5 oligonucleotides oligonucleotide NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 483 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 483 7 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 483 8 genomic genomic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 483 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 483 10 through through IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 483 11 analyses analysis NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 483 12 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 483 13 poly(A)-containing poly(a)-containe VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 483 14 fragments fragment NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 483 15 produced produce VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 483 16 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 483 17 limited limited JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 483 18 alkaline alkaline JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 483 19 hydrolysis hydrolysis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 483 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 483 21 see see VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 483 22 Section Section NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 483 23 II II NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 483 24 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 483 25 D D NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 483 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 483 27 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 483 28 Stern Stern NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 483 29 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 483 30 Kennedy Kennedy NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 483 31 11980b 11980b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 483 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 483 33 showed show VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 483 34 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 483 35 all all DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 483 36 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 483 37 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 483 38 subgenomic subgenomic NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 483 39 mRNAs mRNAs NNPS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 483 40 shared share VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 483 41 common common JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 483 42 sequences sequence NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 483 43 extending extend VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 483 44 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 483 45 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 483 46 3 3 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 483 47 ' ' NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 483 48 terminus terminus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 483 49 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 483 50 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 483 51 genome genome NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 483 52 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 484 1 A a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 484 2 similar similar JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 484 3 structure structure NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 484 4 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 484 5 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 484 6 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 484 7 RNAs rna NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 484 8 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 484 9 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 484 10 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 484 11 also also RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 484 12 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 484 13 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 485 1 Spaan Spaan NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 485 2 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 485 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 485 4 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 486 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 486 2 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 486 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 486 4 isolated isolate VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 486 5 six six CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 486 6 subgenomic subgenomic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 486 7 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 486 8 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 486 9 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 486 10 specific specific JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 486 11 RNAs rna NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 486 12 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 486 13 polysomes polysome NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 486 14 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 486 15 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 486 16 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 486 17 A59 A59 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 486 18 infected infected JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 486 19 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 486 20 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 486 21 identified identify VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 486 22 six six CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 486 23 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 486 24 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 486 25 species specie NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 486 26 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 486 27 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 486 28 infected infect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 486 29 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 486 30 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 486 31 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 486 32 JHM JHM NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 486 33 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 487 1 Weiss Weiss NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 487 2 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 487 3 Leibowitz Leibowitz NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 487 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 487 5 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 487 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 487 7 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 487 8 Cheley Cheley NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 487 9 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 487 10 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 487 11 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 488 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 488 2 1981a 1981a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 488 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 488 4 showed show VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 488 5 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 488 6 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 488 7 hybridization hybridization NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 488 8 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 488 9 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 488 10 cDNA cdna NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 488 11 probe probe NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 488 12 against against IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 488 13 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 488 14 3 3 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 488 15 ' ' NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 488 16 end end NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 488 17 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 488 18 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 488 19 smallest small JJS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 488 20 message message NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 488 21 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 488 22 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 488 23 all all DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 488 24 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 488 25 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 488 26 subgenomic subgenomic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 488 27 RNAs rna NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 488 28 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 488 29 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 488 30 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 488 31 A59 A59 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 488 32 contained contain VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 488 33 sequences sequence NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 488 34 common common JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 488 35 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 488 36 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 488 37 3 3 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 488 38 ' ' '' cord-338307-vfutmwxq 488 39 end end NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 488 40 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 489 1 T1 t1 NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 489 2 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 489 3 fingerprints fingerprint NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 489 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 489 5 subgonomic subgonomic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 489 6 RNAs rna NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 489 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 489 8 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 489 9 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 489 10 analyed analye VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 489 11 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 489 12 Leibowitz Leibowitz NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 489 13 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 489 14 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 489 15 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 490 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 490 2 19811 19811 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 490 3 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 490 4 Lai Lai NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 490 5 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 490 6 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 490 7 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 491 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 491 2 19811 19811 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 491 3 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 491 4 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 491 5 Spaan Spaan NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 491 6 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 491 7 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 491 8 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 492 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 492 2 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 492 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 492 4 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 493 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 493 2 studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 493 3 showed show VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 493 4 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 493 5 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 493 6 like like IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 493 7 avian avian JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 493 8 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 493 9 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 493 10 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 493 11 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 493 12 murine murine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 493 13 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 493 14 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 493 15 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 493 16 A59 A59 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 493 17 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 493 18 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 493 19 oligonucleotides oligonucleotide NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 493 20 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 493 21 each each DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 493 22 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 493 23 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 493 24 subgenomic subgenomic NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 493 25 RNAs RNAs NNPS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 493 26 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 493 27 included include VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 493 28 within within IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 493 29 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 493 30 next next JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 493 31 larger large JJR cord-338307-vfutmwxq 493 32 species specie NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 493 33 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 493 34 starting start VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 493 35 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 493 36 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 493 37 3 3 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 493 38 ' ' NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 493 39 end end NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 493 40 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 493 41 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 493 42 genome genome NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 493 43 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 494 1 A a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 494 2 tentative tentative JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 494 3 map map NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 494 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 494 5 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 494 6 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 494 7 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 494 8 A59 A59 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 494 9 genome genome NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 494 10 based base VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 494 11 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 494 12 these these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 494 13 data datum NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 494 14 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 494 15 shown show VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 494 16 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 494 17 Fig Fig NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 494 18 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 495 1 14 14 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 495 2 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 496 1 Recently recently RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 496 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 496 3 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 496 4 similar similar JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 496 5 pattern pattern NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 496 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 496 7 overlapping overlap VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 496 8 mRNAs mRNAs NNPS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 496 9 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 496 10 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 496 11 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 496 12 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 496 13 Heilman Heilman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 496 14 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 496 15 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 496 16 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 497 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 497 2 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 497 3 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 497 4 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 497 5 personal personal JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 497 6 communication communication NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 497 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 497 8 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 497 9 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 497 10 early early JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 497 11 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 497 12 late late JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 497 13 regions region NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 497 14 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 497 15 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 497 16 DNA dna NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 497 17 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 497 18 containing contain VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 497 19 bovine bovine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 497 20 papilloma papilloma NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 497 21 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 497 22 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 498 1 Using use VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 498 2 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 498 3 cDNA cdna NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 498 4 probe probe NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 498 5 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 498 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 498 7 3 3 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 498 8 ' ' NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 498 9 end end NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 498 10 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 498 11 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 498 12 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 498 13 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 498 14 Cheley Cheley NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 498 15 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 498 16 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 498 17 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 499 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 499 2 1981b 1981b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 499 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 499 4 found find VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 499 5 differences difference NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 499 6 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 499 7 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 499 8 elctrophoretic elctrophoretic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 499 9 mobility mobility NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 499 10 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 499 11 several several JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 499 12 subgenomic subgenomic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 499 13 RNAs rna NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 499 14 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 499 15 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 499 16 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 499 17 S S NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 499 18 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 499 19 comparison comparison NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 499 20 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 499 21 homologous homologous JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 499 22 RNAs rna NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 499 23 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 499 24 MHV-1 MHV-1 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 499 25 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 499 26 -3 -3 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 499 27 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 499 28 -A59 -a59 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 499 29 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 499 30 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 499 31 -JHM -JHM JJS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 499 32 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 500 1 found find VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 500 2 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 500 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 500 4 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 500 5 RNAs rna NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 500 6 appeared appear VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 500 7 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 500 8 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 500 9 present present JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 500 10 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 500 11 different different JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 500 12 ratios ratio NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 500 13 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 500 14 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 500 15 infected infect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 500 16 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 500 17 different different JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 500 18 strains strain NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 500 19 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 500 20 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 500 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 500 22 Table table NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 500 23 111 111 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 500 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 500 25 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 501 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 501 2 ratios ratio NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 501 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 501 4 mRNAs mrnas CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 501 5 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 501 6 each each DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 501 7 other other JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 501 8 did do VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 501 9 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 501 10 change change VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 501 11 significantly significantly RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 501 12 during during IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 501 13 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 501 14 course course NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 501 15 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 501 16 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 501 17 infection infection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 501 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 501 19 Stern Stern NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 501 20 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 501 21 Kennedy Kennedy NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 501 22 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 501 23 1980a 1980a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 501 24 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 501 25 Wege Wege NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 501 26 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 501 27 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 501 28 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 501 29 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 501 30 1981b 1981b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 501 31 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 501 32 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 502 1 Messenger Messenger NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 502 2 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 502 3 coding code VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 502 4 assignments assignment NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 502 5 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 502 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 502 7 structural structural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 502 8 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 502 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 502 10 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 502 11 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 502 12 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 502 13 established establish VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 502 14 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 502 15 eell eell JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 502 16 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 502 17 free free JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 502 18 translation translation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 502 19 experiments experiment NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 502 20 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 502 21 Siddell Siddell NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 502 22 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 502 23 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 502 24 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 503 1 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 503 2 1981~1 1981~1 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 503 3 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 503 4 Leibowitz Leibowitz NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 503 5 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 503 6 Weiss Weiss NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 503 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 503 8 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 503 9 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 503 10 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 503 11 Leibowitz Leibowitz NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 503 12 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 503 13 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 503 14 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 504 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 504 2 1982b 1982b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 504 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 504 4 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 504 5 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 504 6 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 504 7 translation translation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 504 8 experiments experiment NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 504 9 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 504 10 Xenopus Xenopus NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 504 11 laeuis laeuis RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 504 12 oocytes oocyte NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 504 13 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 504 14 Rottier Rottier NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 504 15 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 504 16 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 504 17 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 505 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 505 2 1981a 1981a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 505 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 506 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 506 2 summarized summarize VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 506 3 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 506 4 Fig Fig NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 506 5 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 506 6 11 11 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 506 7 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 506 8 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 506 9 see see VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 506 10 Section section NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 506 11 111,D 111,d CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 506 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 506 13 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 507 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 507 2 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 507 3 RNAs rna NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 507 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 507 5 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 507 6 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 507 7 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 507 8 designated designate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 507 9 1 1 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 507 10 through through IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 507 11 7 7 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 507 12 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 507 13 beginning begin VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 507 14 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 507 15 genomic genomic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 507 16 RNA1 RNA1 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 507 17 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 507 18 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 507 19 proceeding proceed VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 507 20 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 507 21 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 507 22 smallest small JJS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 507 23 mRNA mrna NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 507 24 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 507 25 7 7 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 507 26 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 508 1 Each each DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 508 2 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 508 3 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 508 4 specific specific JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 508 5 primary primary JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 508 6 translation translation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 508 7 product product NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 508 8 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 508 9 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 508 10 shown show VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 508 11 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 508 12 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 508 13 associated associate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 508 14 primarily primarily RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 508 15 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 508 16 one one CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 508 17 mRNA mrna NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 509 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 509 2 Fig Fig NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 509 3 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 509 4 11 11 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 509 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 509 6 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 510 1 FIG FIG NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 510 2 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 511 1 14 14 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 511 2 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 512 1 Tentative tentative JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 512 2 map map NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 512 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 512 4 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 512 5 genomic genomic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 512 6 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 512 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 512 8 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 512 9 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 513 1 Based base VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 513 2 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 513 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 513 4 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 513 5 uztro uztro JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 513 6 translation translation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 513 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 513 8 isolated isolated JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 513 9 mRNAs mrna NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 513 10 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 513 11 several several JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 513 12 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 513 13 strains strain NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 513 14 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 513 15 Siddell Siddell NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 513 16 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 513 17 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 513 18 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 514 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 514 2 1980 1980 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 514 3 Siddell Siddell NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 514 4 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 514 5 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 514 6 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 515 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 515 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 515 3 1981c 1981c CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 515 4 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 515 5 Leibowitz Leibowitz NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 515 6 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 515 7 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 515 8 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 516 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 516 2 1982b31 1982b31 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 516 3 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 516 4 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 516 5 Rottier Rottier NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 516 6 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 516 7 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 516 8 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 517 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 517 2 1981a1 1981a1 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 517 3 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 517 4 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 517 5 _SP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 517 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 517 7 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 517 8 mapping mapping NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 517 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 517 10 Lai Lai NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 517 11 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 517 12 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 517 13 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 518 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 518 2 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 518 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 518 4 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 518 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 518 6 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 518 7 drawn draw VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 518 8 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 518 9 tentative tentative JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 518 10 map map NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 518 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 518 12 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 518 13 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 518 14 genome genome NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 518 15 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 519 1 Although although IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 519 2 additional additional JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 519 3 details detail NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 519 4 will will MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 519 5 become become VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 519 6 available available JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 519 7 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 519 8 it -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 519 9 seems seem VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 519 10 clear clear JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 519 11 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 519 12 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 519 13 genes gene NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 519 14 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 519 15 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 519 16 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 519 17 identified identify VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 519 18 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 519 19 date date NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 519 20 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 519 21 arranged arrange VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 519 22 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 519 23 this this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 519 24 order order NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 519 25 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 520 1 Comparison comparison NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 520 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 520 3 each each DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 520 4 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 520 5 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 520 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 520 7 size size NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 520 8 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 520 9 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 520 10 translation translation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 520 11 products product NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 520 12 suggested suggest VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 520 13 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 520 14 only only RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 520 15 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 520 16 gene gene NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 520 17 proximal proximal JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 520 18 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 520 19 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 520 20 5 5 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 520 21 ' ' NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 520 22 end end NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 520 23 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 520 24 each each DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 520 25 mRNA mrna NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 520 26 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 520 27 translated translate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 520 28 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 521 1 As as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 521 2 shown show VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 521 3 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 521 4 Fig Fig NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 521 5 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 522 1 15 15 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 522 2 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 522 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 522 4 study study NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 522 5 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 522 6 Rottier Rottier NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 522 7 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 522 8 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 522 9 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 523 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 523 2 1981a1 1981a1 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 523 3 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 523 4 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 523 5 product product NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 523 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 523 7 RNA7 RNA7 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 523 8 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 523 9 protein protein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 523 10 N n CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 523 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 523 12 see see VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 523 13 Section Section NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 523 14 III III NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 523 15 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 523 16 C C NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 523 17 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 523 18 l l NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 523 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 523 20 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 523 21 that that DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 523 22 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 523 23 RNAG RNAG NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 523 24 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 523 25 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 523 26 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 523 27 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 524 1 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 524 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 524 3 RNA3 RNA3 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 524 4 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 524 5 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 524 6 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 525 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 525 2 coding code VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 525 3 assignments assignment NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 525 4 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 525 5 several several JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 525 6 nonstructural nonstructural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 525 7 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 525 8 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 525 9 deduced deduce VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 525 10 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 525 11 Siddell Siddell NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 525 12 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 525 13 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 525 14 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 526 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 526 2 1980 1980 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 526 3 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 526 4 1981~1 1981~1 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 526 5 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 526 6 Leibowitz Leibowitz NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 526 7 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 526 8 Weiss Weiss NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 526 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 526 10 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 526 11 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 526 12 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 526 13 Leibowitz Leibowitz NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 526 14 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 526 15 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 526 16 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 527 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 527 2 198213 198213 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 527 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 527 4 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 528 1 RNAB RNAB NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 528 2 directed direct VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 528 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 528 4 synthesis synthesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 528 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 528 6 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 528 7 30 30 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 528 8 - - SYM cord-338307-vfutmwxq 528 9 35 35 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 528 10 K k NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 528 11 nonstructural nonstructural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 528 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 528 13 NS NS NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 528 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 528 15 protein protein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 528 16 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 528 17 RNA4 RNA4 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 528 18 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 528 19 -5 -5 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 528 20 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 528 21 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 528 22 14 14 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 528 23 K K NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 528 24 NS NS NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 528 25 protein protein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 528 26 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 528 27 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 528 28 RNA1 RNA1 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 528 29 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 528 30 several several JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 528 31 related relate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 528 32 NS NS NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 528 33 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 528 34 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 528 35 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 528 36 > > XX cord-338307-vfutmwxq 528 37 200K. 200k. CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 529 1 These these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 529 2 data datum NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 529 3 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 529 4 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 529 5 incorporated incorporate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 529 6 into into IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 529 7 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 529 8 tentative tentative JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 529 9 map map NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 529 10 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 529 11 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 529 12 genomic genomic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 529 13 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 529 14 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 529 15 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 529 16 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 529 17 A59 A59 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 529 18 shown show VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 529 19 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 529 20 Fig Fig NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 529 21 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 530 1 14 14 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 530 2 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 531 1 Thus thus RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 531 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 531 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 531 4 current current JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 531 5 dogma dogma NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 531 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 531 7 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 531 8 replication replication NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 531 9 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 531 10 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 531 11 each each DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 531 12 mRNA mrna NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 531 13 directs direct VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 531 14 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 531 15 synthesis synthesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 531 16 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 531 17 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 531 18 single single JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 531 19 protein protein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 531 20 using use VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 531 21 only only RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 531 22 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 531 23 gene gene NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 531 24 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 531 25 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 531 26 5 5 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 531 27 ' ' NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 531 28 end end NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 531 29 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 531 30 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 531 31 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 531 32 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 532 1 However however RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 532 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 532 3 some some DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 532 4 caution caution NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 532 5 must must MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 532 6 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 532 7 exercised exercise VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 532 8 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 532 9 accepting accept VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 532 10 this this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 532 11 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 532 12 proven prove VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 532 13 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 1 In in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 2 all all DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 4 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 5 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 6 uitro uitro NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 7 translation translation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 8 studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 9 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 10 RNAG RNAG NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 11 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 12 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 13 shown show VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 14 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 15 direct direct VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 16 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 17 synthesis synthesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 18 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 19 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 20 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 21 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 22 plus plus CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 23 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 24 fairly fairly RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 25 large large JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 26 amount amount NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 27 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 28 N n NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 30 Siddell Siddell NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 31 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 32 1980 1980 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 34 Siddell Siddell NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 35 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 36 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 37 1981c 1981c CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 38 Rottier Rottier NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 39 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 40 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 41 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 42 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 43 1981a 1981a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 44 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 45 Leibowitz Leibowitz NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 46 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 47 Weiss Weiss NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 48 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 49 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 50 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 51 Fig Fig NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 52 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 53 15 15 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 54 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 533 55 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 534 1 This this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 534 2 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 534 3 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 534 4 ascribed ascribe VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 534 5 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 534 6 contamination contamination NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 534 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 534 8 RNAG RNAG NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 534 9 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 534 10 RNA7 RNA7 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 534 11 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 534 12 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 534 13 higher high JJR cord-338307-vfutmwxq 534 14 efficiency efficiency NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 534 15 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 534 16 translation translation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 534 17 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 534 18 RNA7 RNA7 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 534 19 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 2 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 3 possible possible JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 4 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 5 RNAG RNAG NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 6 alone alone RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 7 might may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 8 direct direct VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 9 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 10 synthesis synthesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 12 several several JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 13 gene gene NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 14 products product NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 15 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 16 both both DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 17 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 18 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 19 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 20 N. N. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 21 In In NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 22 Semliki Semliki NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 23 Forest Forest NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 24 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 25 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 26 an an DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 27 enveloped envelop VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 28 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 29 positive positive JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 30 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 31 stranded strand VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 32 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 33 containing contain VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 34 alphavirus alphavirus NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 35 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 36 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 37 large large JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 38 polycistronic polycistronic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 39 mRNA mrna NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 40 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 41 translated translate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 42 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 43 yield yield VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 44 both both DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 45 glycosylated glycosylated JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 46 envelope envelope NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 47 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 48 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 49 nonglycosylated nonglycosylated JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 50 capsid capsid NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 51 protein protein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 52 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 53 Schlesinger Schlesinger NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 54 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 55 Kaariainen Kaariainen NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 56 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 57 1980 1980 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 58 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 535 59 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 536 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 536 2 translation translation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 536 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 536 4 RNA4 RNA4 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 536 5 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 536 6 -5 -5 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 536 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 536 8 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 536 9 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 536 10 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 536 11 difficult difficult JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 536 12 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 536 13 study study VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 536 14 because because IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 536 15 these these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 536 16 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 536 17 species specie NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 536 18 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 536 19 present present JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 536 20 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 536 21 such such JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 536 22 small small JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 536 23 amounts amount NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 536 24 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 537 1 So so RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 537 2 far far RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 537 3 only only RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 537 4 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 537 5 14 14 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 537 6 K K NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 537 7 NS NS NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 537 8 protein protein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 537 9 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 537 10 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 537 11 identified identify VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 537 12 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 537 13 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 537 14 product product NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 537 15 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 537 16 these these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 537 17 two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 537 18 mRNAs mrna NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 537 19 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 538 1 In in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 538 2 vitro vitro FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 538 3 translation translation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 538 4 studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 538 5 using use VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 538 6 microsomal microsomal NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 538 7 membrane membrane NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 538 8 fractions fraction NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 538 9 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 538 10 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 538 11 yet yet RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 538 12 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 538 13 done do VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 538 14 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 538 15 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 538 16 mRNAs mrnas ADD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 538 17 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 539 1 Such such JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 539 2 studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 539 3 would would MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 539 4 permit permit VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 539 5 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 539 6 analysis analysis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 539 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 539 8 glycosylation glycosylation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 539 9 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 539 10 acylation acylation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 539 11 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 539 12 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 539 13 processing processing NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 539 14 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 539 15 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 539 16 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 539 17 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 540 1 Initial initial JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 540 2 studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 540 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 540 4 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 540 5 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 540 6 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 540 7 specific specific JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 540 8 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 540 9 Anderson Anderson NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 540 10 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 540 11 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 540 12 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 540 13 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 540 14 1979 1979 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 540 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 540 16 identified identify VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 540 17 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 540 18 three three CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 540 19 major major JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 540 20 structural structural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 540 21 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 540 22 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 540 23 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 540 24 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 540 25 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 540 26 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 540 27 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 540 28 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 540 29 N n CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 540 30 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 540 31 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 540 32 several several JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 540 33 nonstructural nonstructural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 540 34 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 540 35 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 541 1 No no DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 541 2 high high JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 541 3 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 541 4 molecular molecular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 541 5 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 541 6 weight weight NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 541 7 polyproteins polyprotein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 541 8 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 541 9 detected detect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 541 10 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 541 11 infected infected JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 541 12 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 541 13 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 542 1 Concurrent concurrent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 542 2 studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 542 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 542 4 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 542 5 structural structural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 542 6 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 542 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 542 8 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 542 9 virion virion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 542 10 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 542 11 analyses analysis NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 542 12 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 542 13 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 542 14 mRNAs mRNAs NNPS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 542 15 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 542 16 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 542 17 translation translation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 542 18 products product NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 542 19 set set VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 542 20 limits limit NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 542 21 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 542 22 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 542 23 probable probable JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 542 24 number number NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 542 25 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 542 26 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 542 27 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 542 28 specific specific JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 542 29 polypeptides polypeptide NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 542 30 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 542 31 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 542 32 established establish VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 542 33 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 542 34 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 542 35 structural structural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 542 36 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 542 37 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 542 38 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 542 39 derived derive VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 542 40 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 542 41 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 542 42 large large JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 542 43 polyprotein polyprotein JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 542 44 precursor precursor NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 542 45 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 543 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 543 2 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 543 3 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 543 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 543 5 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 543 6 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 543 7 IBV IBV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 543 8 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 543 9 identified identify VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 543 10 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 543 11 many many JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 543 12 laboratories laboratory NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 543 13 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 543 14 almost almost RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 543 15 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 543 16 same same JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 543 17 time time NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 543 18 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 544 1 Much much JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 544 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 544 3 this this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 544 4 information information NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 544 5 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 544 6 presented present VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 544 7 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 544 8 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 544 9 1980 1980 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 544 10 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 544 11 Symposium Symposium NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 544 12 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 544 13 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 544 14 summarized summarize VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 544 15 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 544 16 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 544 17 review review NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 544 18 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 544 19 Siddell Siddell NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 544 20 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 544 21 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 544 22 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 545 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 545 2 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 545 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 545 4 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 546 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 546 2 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 546 3 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 546 4 identified identify VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 546 5 included include VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 546 6 N N NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 546 7 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 546 8 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 546 9 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 546 10 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 546 11 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 546 12 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 546 13 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 546 14 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 546 15 three three CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 546 16 nonstructural nonstructural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 546 17 species specie NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 546 18 : : : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 546 19 30 30 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 546 20 - - SYM cord-338307-vfutmwxq 546 21 35 35 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 546 22 K K NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 546 23 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 546 24 14 14 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 546 25 K K NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 546 26 nonglycosylated nonglycosylate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 546 27 polypeptides polypeptide NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 546 28 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 546 29 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 546 30 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 546 31 65 65 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 546 32 K k NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 546 33 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 546 34 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 547 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 547 2 30 30 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 547 3 - - SYM cord-338307-vfutmwxq 547 4 35 35 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 547 5 K K NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 547 6 species specie NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 547 7 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 547 8 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 547 9 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 547 10 detected detect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 547 11 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 547 12 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 547 13 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 548 1 However however RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 548 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 548 3 minor minor JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 548 4 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 548 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 548 6 approximately approximately RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 548 7 14 14 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 548 8 K K NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 548 9 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 548 10 65 65 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 548 11 K K NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 548 12 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 548 13 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 548 14 found find VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 548 15 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 548 16 some some DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 548 17 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 548 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 548 19 Wege Wege NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 548 20 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 548 21 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 548 22 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 549 1 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 549 2 1979 1979 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 549 3 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 549 4 Siddell Siddell NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 549 5 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 549 6 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 549 7 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 550 1 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 550 2 1981a 1981a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 550 3 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 550 4 Rottier Rottier NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 550 5 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 550 6 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 550 7 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 550 8 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 550 9 1981b 1981b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 550 10 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 550 11 though though IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 550 12 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 550 13 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 550 14 others other NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 550 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 550 16 e.g. e.g. RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 550 17 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 550 18 Sturman Sturman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 550 19 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 550 20 1977 1977 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 550 21 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 550 22 Macnaughton Macnaughton NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 550 23 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 550 24 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 550 25 ; ; . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 551 1 Rottier Rottier NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 551 2 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 551 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 551 4 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 551 5 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 551 6 1981b 1981b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 551 7 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 552 1 Lomniczi Lomniczi NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 552 2 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 552 3 Morser Morser NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 552 4 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 552 5 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 552 6 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 552 7 Niemann Niemann NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 552 8 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 552 9 Klenk Klenk NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 552 10 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 552 11 1981a 1981a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 552 12 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 552 13 Bond Bond NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 552 14 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 552 15 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 552 16 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 552 17 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 552 18 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 552 19 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 552 20 see see VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 552 21 Siddell Siddell NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 552 22 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 552 23 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 552 24 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 552 25 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 552 26 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 552 27 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 552 28 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 552 29 further further JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 552 30 references reference NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 552 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 552 32 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 553 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 553 2 significance significance NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 553 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 553 4 these these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 553 5 findings finding NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 553 6 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 553 7 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 553 8 known know VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 553 9 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 554 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 554 2 65 65 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 554 3 K K NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 554 4 species specie NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 554 5 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 554 6 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 554 7 yet yet RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 554 8 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 554 9 associated associate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 554 10 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 554 11 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 554 12 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 554 13 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 554 14 specific specific JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 554 15 mRNA mrna NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 554 16 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 555 1 Much much JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 555 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 555 3 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 555 4 understanding understanding NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 555 5 about about IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 555 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 555 7 synthesis synthesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 555 8 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 555 9 processing processing NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 555 10 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 555 11 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 555 12 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 555 13 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 555 14 uiuo uiuo NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 555 15 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 555 16 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 555 17 obtained obtain VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 555 18 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 555 19 pulse pulse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 555 20 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 555 21 labeling labeling NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 555 22 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 555 23 pulse pulse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 555 24 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 555 25 chase chase NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 555 26 experiments experiment NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 555 27 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 555 28 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 555 29 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 1 Several several JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 2 different different JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 3 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 4 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 5 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 6 systems system NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 7 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 8 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 9 studied study VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 10 ranging range VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 11 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 12 highly highly RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 13 lytic lytic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 14 ones one NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 15 involving involve VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 16 L L NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 17 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 18 DBT DBT NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 19 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 20 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 21 Sac(- Sac(- NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 23 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 24 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 25 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 26 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 27 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 28 infection infection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 29 induced induce VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 30 syncytia syncytia NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 31 formation formation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 32 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 33 destroyed destroy VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 34 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 35 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 36 within within IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 37 10 10 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 38 - - SYM cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 39 12 12 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 40 hours hour NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 42 Anderson Anderson NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 43 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 44 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 45 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 46 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 47 1979 1979 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 48 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 49 Cheley Cheley NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 50 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 51 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 52 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 53 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 54 1981b 1981b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 55 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 56 Siddell Siddell NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 57 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 58 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 59 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 60 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 61 1980 1980 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 62 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 63 Spaan Spaan NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 64 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 65 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 66 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 67 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 68 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 69 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 70 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 71 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 72 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 73 more more RBR cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 74 moderate moderate JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 75 infection infection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 76 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 77 17 17 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 78 C1 c1 NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 79 1 1 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 80 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 81 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 82 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 83 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 84 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 85 infected infected JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 86 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 87 could could MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 88 survive survive VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 89 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 90 more more JJR cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 91 than than IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 92 24 24 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 93 hours hour NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 94 without without IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 95 significant significant JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 96 cytopathic cytopathic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 97 effects effect NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 98 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 99 CPE CPE NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 100 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 101 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 102 Robb Robb NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 103 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 104 Bond Bond NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 105 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 106 1979b 1979b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 107 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 108 Sturman Sturman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 109 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 110 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 111 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 112 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 113 1980 1980 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 114 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 115 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 116 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 117 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 118 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 119 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 120 1981b 1981b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 121 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 556 122 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 557 1 Not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 557 2 surprisingly surprisingly RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 557 3 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 557 4 differences difference NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 557 5 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 557 6 detected detect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 557 7 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 557 8 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 557 9 rates rate NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 557 10 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 557 11 shutdown shutdown NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 557 12 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 557 13 cellular cellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 557 14 protein protein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 557 15 synthesis synthesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 557 16 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 557 17 these these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 557 18 different different JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 557 19 systems system NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 557 20 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 558 1 Other other JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 558 2 differences difference NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 558 3 between between IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 558 4 lytic lytic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 558 5 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 558 6 moderate moderate JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 558 7 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 558 8 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 558 9 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 558 10 interactions interaction NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 558 11 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 558 12 also also RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 558 13 noted note VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 558 14 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 559 1 Synthesis synthesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 559 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 559 3 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 559 4 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 559 5 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 559 6 lytic lytic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 559 7 infections infection NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 559 8 appeared appear VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 559 9 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 559 10 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 559 11 coordinated coordinate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 559 12 throughout throughout IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 559 13 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 559 14 replication replication NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 559 15 cycle cycle NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 559 16 Rottier Rottier NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 559 17 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 559 18 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 559 19 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 559 20 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 559 21 1981b 1981b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 559 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 559 23 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 559 24 whereas whereas IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 559 25 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 559 26 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 559 27 showing show VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 559 28 minimal minimal JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 559 29 CPE CPE NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 559 30 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 559 31 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 559 32 synthesis synthesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 559 33 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 559 34 N N NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 559 35 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 559 36 detected detect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 559 37 much much RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 559 38 earlier early RBR cord-338307-vfutmwxq 559 39 than than IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 559 40 that that DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 559 41 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 559 42 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 559 43 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 559 44 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 559 45 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 559 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 559 47 J. J. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 559 48 Behnke Behnke NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 559 49 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 559 50 personal personal JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 559 51 communication communication NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 559 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 559 53 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 560 1 Pulse pulse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 560 2 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 560 3 labeling label VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 560 4 experiments experiment NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 560 5 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 560 6 different different JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 560 7 times time NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 560 8 after after IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 560 9 infection infection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 560 10 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 1 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 2 different different JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 3 temperatures temperature NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 4 revealed reveal VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 5 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 7 synthesis synthesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 8 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 9 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 10 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 11 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 12 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 13 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 14 these these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 15 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 16 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 17 coordinated coordinate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 18 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 19 but but CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 20 different different JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 21 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 22 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 23 synthesis synthesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 24 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 25 N. N. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 26 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 27 transit transit NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 28 time time NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 29 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 30 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 31 synthesis synthesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 32 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 33 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 34 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 35 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 36 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 37 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 38 incorporation incorporation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 39 into into IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 40 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 41 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 42 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 43 release release NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 44 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 45 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 46 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 47 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 48 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 49 infected infected JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 50 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 51 also also RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 52 differed differ VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 53 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 54 moderate moderate JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 55 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 56 lytic lytic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 57 infections infection NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 561 58 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 562 1 In in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 562 2 moderate moderate JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 562 3 infec- infec- JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 562 4 FIG fig NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 562 5 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 563 1 16 16 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 563 2 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 564 1 Synthesis synthesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 564 2 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 564 3 processing processing NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 564 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 564 5 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 564 6 structural structural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 564 7 polypeptides polypeptide NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 565 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 565 2 cont cont NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 565 3 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 565 4 control control NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 565 5 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 565 6 inf inf NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 565 7 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 565 8 infected infected JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 565 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 565 10 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 566 1 At at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 566 2 6 6 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 566 3 hours hour NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 566 4 after after IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 566 5 infection infection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 566 6 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 566 7 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 566 8 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 566 9 A59 A59 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 566 10 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 566 11 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 566 12 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 566 13 pulse pulse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 566 14 labeled label VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 566 15 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 566 16 15 15 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 566 17 minutes minute NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 566 18 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 566 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 566 20 3H]-leucine 3h]-leucine NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 566 21 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 566 22 then then RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 566 23 incubated incubate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 566 24 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 566 25 excess excess JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 566 26 cold cold JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 566 27 leucine leucine NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 566 28 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 567 1 There there EX cord-338307-vfutmwxq 567 2 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 567 3 no no DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 567 4 polyproteins polyprotein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 567 5 observed observe VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 567 6 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 568 1 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 568 2 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 568 3 synthesized synthesize VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 568 4 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 568 5 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 568 6 high high JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 568 7 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 568 8 molecular molecular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 568 9 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 568 10 weight weight NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 568 11 form form NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 568 12 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 568 13 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 568 14 no no DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 568 15 90 90 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 568 16 K K NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 568 17 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 568 18 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 568 19 observed observe VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 568 20 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 568 21 these these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 568 22 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 568 23 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 569 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 569 2 N N NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 569 3 protein protein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 569 4 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 569 5 synthesized synthesize VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 569 6 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 569 7 large large JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 569 8 amounts amount NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 569 9 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 569 10 appeared appear VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 569 11 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 569 12 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 569 13 processed process VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 569 14 into into IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 569 15 two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 569 16 faster fast RBR cord-338307-vfutmwxq 569 17 migrating migrate VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 569 18 species specie NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 569 19 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 570 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 570 2 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 570 3 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 570 4 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 570 5 synthesized synthesize VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 570 6 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 570 7 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 570 8 nonglycosylated nonglycosylate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 570 9 species species NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 570 10 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 570 11 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 570 12 posttranslationally posttranslationally RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 570 13 glycosylated glycosylate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 570 14 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 571 1 Both both DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 571 2 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 571 3 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 571 4 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 571 5 chased chase VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 571 6 out out IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 571 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 571 8 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 571 9 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 571 10 into into IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 571 11 mature mature JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 571 12 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 571 13 within within IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 571 14 2 2 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 571 15 - - SYM cord-338307-vfutmwxq 571 16 3 3 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 571 17 hours hour NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 571 18 after after IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 571 19 labeling labeling NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 571 20 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 572 1 Only only RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 572 2 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 572 3 small small JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 572 4 fraction fraction NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 572 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 572 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 572 7 N N NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 572 8 protein protein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 572 9 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 572 10 chased chase VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 572 11 into into IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 572 12 mature mature JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 572 13 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 572 14 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 573 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 573 2 Adapted adapt VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 573 3 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 573 4 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 573 5 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 573 6 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 573 7 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 574 1 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 574 2 1981b 1981b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 574 3 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 574 4 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 574 5 permission permission NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 574 6 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 574 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 575 1 tion tion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 575 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 575 3 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 575 4 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 575 5 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 575 6 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 575 7 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 575 8 quantitatively quantitatively RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 575 9 chased chase VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 575 10 out out IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 575 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 575 12 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 575 13 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 575 14 into into IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 575 15 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 575 16 within within IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 575 17 about about RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 575 18 2 2 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 575 19 hours hour NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 576 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 576 2 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 576 3 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 576 4 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 576 5 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 576 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 576 7 1981b 1981b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 576 8 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 577 1 Fig Fig NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 577 2 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 577 3 16 16 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 577 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 577 5 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 578 1 However however RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 578 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 578 3 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 578 4 lytic lytic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 578 5 infection infection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 578 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 578 7 Sac(- Sac(- NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 578 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 578 9 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 578 10 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 578 11 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 578 12 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 578 13 chased chase VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 578 14 into into IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 578 15 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 578 16 within within IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 578 17 2 2 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 578 18 - - SYM cord-338307-vfutmwxq 578 19 2.5 2.5 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 578 20 hours hour NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 578 21 after after IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 578 22 labeling labeling NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 578 23 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 578 24 while while IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 578 25 much much JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 578 26 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 578 27 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 578 28 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 578 29 remained remain VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 578 30 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 578 31 associated associate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 578 32 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 578 33 up up IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 578 34 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 578 35 3 3 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 578 36 hours hour NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 578 37 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 579 1 Another another DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 579 2 difference difference NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 579 3 between between IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 579 4 lytic lytic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 579 5 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 579 6 moderate moderate JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 579 7 infections infection NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 579 8 related relate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 579 9 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 579 10 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 579 11 appearance appearance NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 579 12 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 579 13 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 579 14 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 579 15 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 579 16 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 579 17 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 579 18 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 579 19 surface surface NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 579 20 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 579 21 infected infected JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 579 22 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 579 23 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 580 1 Both both DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 580 2 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 580 3 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 580 4 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 580 5 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 580 6 antigens antigen NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 580 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 580 8 MHVJHM MHVJHM NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 580 9 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 580 10 detected detect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 580 11 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 580 12 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 580 13 surface surface NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 580 14 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 580 15 lytically lytically RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 580 16 infected infect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 580 17 L l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 580 18 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 580 19 prior prior RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 580 20 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 580 21 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 580 22 release release NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 580 23 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 580 24 progeny progeny JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 580 25 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 580 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 580 27 Collins Collins NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 580 28 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 580 29 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 580 30 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 580 31 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 580 32 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 580 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 580 34 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 581 1 In in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 581 2 contrast contrast NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 581 3 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 581 4 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 581 5 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 581 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 581 7 predominant predominant JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 581 8 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 581 9 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 581 10 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 581 11 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 581 12 surface surface NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 581 13 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 581 14 17 17 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 581 15 C1 c1 NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 581 16 1 1 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 581 17 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 581 18 during during IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 581 19 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 581 20 early early JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 581 21 stages stage NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 581 22 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 581 23 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 581 24 moderate moderate JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 581 25 infection infection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 581 26 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 581 27 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 581 28 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 581 29 A59 A59 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 581 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 581 31 Doller Doller NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 581 32 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 581 33 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 581 34 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 581 35 1980 1980 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 581 36 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 581 37 Section section NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 581 38 III III NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 581 39 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 581 40 D,2 D,2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 581 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 581 42 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 582 1 To to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 582 2 date date NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 582 3 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 582 4 cleavage cleavage NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 582 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 582 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 582 7 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 582 8 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 582 9 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 582 10 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 582 11 detected detect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 582 12 only only RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 582 13 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 582 14 lytically lytically RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 582 15 infected infected JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 582 16 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 582 17 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 583 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 583 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 583 3 cleavage cleavage NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 583 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 583 5 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 583 6 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 583 7 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 583 8 responsible responsible JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 583 9 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 583 10 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 583 11 extensive extensive JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 583 12 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 583 13 fusion fusion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 583 14 seen see VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 583 15 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 583 16 lytically lytically RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 583 17 infected infect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 583 18 cultures culture NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 583 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 583 20 L. L. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 583 21 S. S. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 583 22 Sturman Sturman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 583 23 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 583 24 K. K. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 583 25 V. V. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 583 26 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 583 27 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 583 28 unpublished unpublished JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 583 29 observation observation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 583 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 583 31 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 584 1 These these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 584 2 host host NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 584 3 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 584 4 dependent dependent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 584 5 differences difference NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 584 6 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 584 7 reflect reflect VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 584 8 differences difference NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 584 9 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 584 10 host host NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 584 11 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 584 12 dependent dependent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 584 13 processes process NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 584 14 required require VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 584 15 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 584 16 maturation maturation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 584 17 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 584 18 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 584 19 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 585 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 585 2 features feature NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 585 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 585 4 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 585 5 synthesis synthesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 585 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 585 7 processing processing NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 585 8 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 585 9 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 585 10 transport transport NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 585 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 585 12 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 585 13 structural structural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 585 14 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 585 15 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 585 16 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 585 17 consistent consistent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 585 18 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 585 19 all all DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 585 20 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 585 21 systems system NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 585 22 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 585 23 described describe VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 585 24 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 585 25 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 585 26 following following JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 585 27 paragraphs paragraph NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 585 28 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 586 1 Although although IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 586 2 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 586 3 time time NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 586 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 586 5 appearance appearance NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 586 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 586 7 labeled label VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 586 8 N N NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 586 9 paralleled parallel VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 586 10 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 586 11 time time NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 586 12 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 586 13 appearance appearance NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 586 14 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 586 15 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 586 16 labeled label VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 586 17 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 586 18 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 586 19 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 586 20 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 586 21 no no DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 586 22 significant significant JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 586 23 decrease decrease NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 586 24 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 586 25 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 586 26 amount amount NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 586 27 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 586 28 N n CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 586 29 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 586 30 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 586 31 infected infected JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 586 32 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 586 33 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 586 34 detected detect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 586 35 during during IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 586 36 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 586 37 90to 90to JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 586 38 120-minute 120-minute CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 586 39 chase chase NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 586 40 period period NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 586 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 586 42 Anderson Anderson NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 586 43 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 586 44 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 586 45 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 586 46 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 586 47 1979 1979 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 586 48 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 586 49 Bond Bond NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 586 50 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 586 51 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 586 52 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 587 1 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 587 2 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 587 3 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 587 4 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 587 5 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 587 6 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 587 7 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 587 8 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 587 9 1981b 1981b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 587 10 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 588 1 Rottier Rottier NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 588 2 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 588 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 588 4 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 588 5 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 588 6 1981b 1981b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 588 7 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 588 8 Siddell Siddell NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 588 9 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 588 10 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 588 11 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 588 12 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 588 13 1981b 1981b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 588 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 588 15 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 589 1 This this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 589 2 suggested suggest VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 589 3 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 589 4 there there EX cord-338307-vfutmwxq 589 5 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 589 6 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 589 7 large large JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 589 8 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 589 9 pool pool NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 589 10 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 589 11 N n CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 589 12 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 589 13 most most JJS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 589 14 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 589 15 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 589 16 did do VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 589 17 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 589 18 chase chase VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 589 19 into into IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 589 20 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 589 21 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 589 22 but but CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 589 23 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 589 24 incorporated incorporate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 589 25 into into IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 589 26 nucleocapsids nucleocapsid NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 589 27 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 589 28 replicative replicative JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 589 29 intermediates intermediate NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 589 30 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 589 31 never never RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 589 32 left leave VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 589 33 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 589 34 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 589 35 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 590 1 Recently recently RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 590 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 590 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 590 4 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 590 5 shown show VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 590 6 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 590 7 N N NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 590 8 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 590 9 synthesized synthesize VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 590 10 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 590 11 free free JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 590 12 ribosomes ribosome NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 590 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 590 14 Niemann Niemann NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 590 15 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 590 16 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 590 17 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 590 18 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 590 19 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 590 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 590 21 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 591 1 Intracellular Intracellular NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 591 2 N N NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 591 3 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 591 4 phosphorylated phosphorylate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 591 5 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 591 6 serine serine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 591 7 residues residue NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 591 8 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 591 9 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 591 10 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 591 11 N n CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 591 12 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 591 13 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 591 14 virion virion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 592 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 592 2 Siddell Siddell NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 592 3 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 592 4 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 592 5 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 592 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 592 7 1981a 1981a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 592 8 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 592 9 b b LS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 592 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 592 11 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 593 1 During during IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 593 2 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 593 3 2-hour 2-hour CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 593 4 chase chase NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 593 5 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 593 6 an an DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 593 7 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 593 8 form form NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 593 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 593 10 N n CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 593 11 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 593 12 slightly slightly RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 593 13 greater great JJR cord-338307-vfutmwxq 593 14 electrophoretic electrophoretic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 593 15 mobility mobility NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 593 16 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 593 17 detected detect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 593 18 within within IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 593 19 infected infect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 593 20 L l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 593 21 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 593 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 593 23 Anderson Anderson NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 593 24 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 593 25 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 593 26 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 593 27 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 593 28 1979 1979 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 593 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 593 30 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 594 1 This this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 594 2 process process NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 594 3 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 594 4 believed believe VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 594 5 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 594 6 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 594 7 due due JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 594 8 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 594 9 proteolytic proteolytic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 594 10 processing processing NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 594 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 594 12 N N NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 594 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 594 14 Cheley Cheley NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 594 15 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 594 16 Anderson Anderson NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 594 17 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 594 18 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 594 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 594 20 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 595 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 595 2 proportion proportion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 595 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 595 4 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 595 5 smaller small JJR cord-338307-vfutmwxq 595 6 species specie NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 595 7 increased increase VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 595 8 following follow VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 595 9 immunoprecipitation immunoprecipitation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 595 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 595 11 Siddell Siddell NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 595 12 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 595 13 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 595 14 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 595 15 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 595 16 1980 1980 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 595 17 ; ; . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 596 1 Rottier Rottier NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 596 2 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 596 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 596 4 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 596 5 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 596 6 1981a 1981a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 596 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 596 8 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 596 9 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 596 10 led lead VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 596 11 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 596 12 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 596 13 suggestion suggestion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 596 14 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 596 15 these these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 596 16 additional additional JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 596 17 species specie NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 596 18 represented represent VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 596 19 molecules molecule NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 596 20 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 596 21 N N NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 596 22 partially partially RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 596 23 degraded degrade VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 596 24 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 596 25 serum serum NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 596 26 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 596 27 cellular cellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 596 28 proteases protease NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 596 29 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 597 1 In in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 597 2 pulse pulse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 597 3 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 597 4 labeling labeling NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 597 5 studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 597 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 597 7 these these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 597 8 forms form NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 597 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 597 10 N n CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 597 11 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 597 12 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 597 13 detected detect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 597 14 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 597 15 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 597 16 without without IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 597 17 immunoprecipitation immunoprecipitation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 597 18 late late RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 597 19 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 597 20 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 597 21 infectious infectious JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 597 22 cycle cycle NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 597 23 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 597 24 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 597 25 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 597 26 A59 A59 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 598 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 598 2 J. J. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 598 3 N. N. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 598 4 Behnke Behnke NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 598 5 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 598 6 K. K. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 598 7 V. V. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 598 8 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 598 9 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 598 10 unpublished unpublished JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 598 11 observations observation NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 598 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 598 13 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 599 1 Analysis analysis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 599 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 599 3 peptide peptide JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 599 4 maps map NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 599 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 599 6 these these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 599 7 different different JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 599 8 forms form NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 599 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 599 10 N n CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 599 11 will will MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 599 12 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 599 13 required require VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 599 14 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 599 15 determine determine VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 599 16 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 599 17 relationships relationship NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 599 18 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 600 1 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 600 2 l l NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 600 3 appeared appear VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 600 4 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 600 5 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 600 6 synthesized synthesize VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 600 7 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 600 8 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 600 9 nonglycosylated nonglycosylated JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 600 10 20 20 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 600 11 K K NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 600 12 apoprotein apoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 600 13 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 600 14 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 600 15 posttranslationally posttranslationally RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 600 16 glycosylated glycosylate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 601 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 601 2 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 601 3 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 601 4 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 601 5 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 601 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 601 7 1981b 1981b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 601 8 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 602 1 Niemann Niemann NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 602 2 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 602 3 Klenk Klenk NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 602 4 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 602 5 1981a 1981a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 602 6 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 602 7 Rottier Rottier NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 602 8 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 602 9 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 602 10 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 602 11 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 602 12 1981b 1981b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 602 13 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 603 1 Siddell Siddell NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 603 2 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 603 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 603 4 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 603 5 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 603 6 1981~ 1981~ CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 603 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 603 8 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 604 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 604 2 addition addition NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 604 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 604 4 sugars sugar NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 604 5 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 604 6 this this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 604 7 O o NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 604 8 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 604 9 linked link VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 604 10 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 604 11 began begin VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 604 12 15 15 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 604 13 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 604 14 30 30 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 604 15 minutes minute NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 604 16 after after IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 604 17 completion completion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 604 18 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 604 19 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 604 20 apoprotein apoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 604 21 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 604 22 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 604 23 continued continue VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 604 24 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 604 25 1 1 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 604 26 - - SYM cord-338307-vfutmwxq 604 27 2 2 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 604 28 hours hour NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 604 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 604 30 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 604 31 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 604 32 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 604 33 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 604 34 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 604 35 1981b 1981b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 604 36 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 605 1 Rottier Rottier NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 605 2 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 605 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 605 4 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 605 5 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 605 6 1981b 1981b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 605 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 605 8 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 605 9 production production NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 605 10 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 605 11 two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 605 12 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 605 13 three three CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 605 14 discrete discrete JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 605 15 glycosylated glycosylate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 605 16 species specie NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 605 17 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 606 1 However however RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 606 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 606 3 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 606 4 all all DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 606 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 606 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 606 7 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 606 8 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 606 9 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 606 10 entered enter VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 606 11 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 606 12 virion virion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 606 13 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 606 14 glycosylated glycosylate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 607 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 607 2 Rottier Rottier NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 607 3 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 607 4 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 607 5 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 607 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 607 7 1981b 1981b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 607 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 607 9 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 608 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 608 2 oligosaccharide oligosaccharide NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 608 3 side side NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 608 4 chains chain NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 608 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 608 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 608 7 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 608 8 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 608 9 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 608 10 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 608 11 shown show VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 608 12 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 608 13 Fig Fig NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 608 14 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 609 1 9 9 LS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 609 2 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 610 1 Niemann Niemann NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 610 2 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 610 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 610 4 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 611 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 611 2 submitted submit VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 611 3 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 611 4 publication publication NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 611 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 611 6 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 611 7 estimated estimate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 611 8 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 611 9 there there EX cord-338307-vfutmwxq 611 10 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 611 11 three three CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 611 12 oligosaccharide oligosaccharide NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 611 13 chains chain NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 611 14 per per IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 611 15 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 611 16 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 611 17 molecule molecule NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 611 18 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 612 1 Glycosylation glycosylation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 612 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 612 3 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 612 4 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 612 5 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 612 6 resistant resistant JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 612 7 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 612 8 tunicamycin tunicamycin NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 612 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 612 10 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 612 11 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 612 12 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 612 13 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 612 14 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 612 15 1981a 1981a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 612 16 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 612 17 b b LS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 612 18 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 612 19 Niemann Niemann NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 612 20 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 612 21 Klenk Klenk NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 612 22 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 612 23 1981a 1981a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 612 24 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 612 25 Rottier Rottier NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 612 26 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 612 27 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 612 28 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 612 29 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 612 30 1981b 1981b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 612 31 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 613 1 Siddell Siddell NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 613 2 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 613 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 613 4 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 613 5 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 613 6 1981~ 1981~ CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 613 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 613 8 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 614 1 Recent recent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 614 2 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 614 3 fractionation fractionation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 614 4 studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 614 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 614 6 Niemann Niemann NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 614 7 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 614 8 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 614 9 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 614 10 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 614 11 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 614 12 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 614 13 _SP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 614 14 M. M. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 614 15 Frana Frana NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 614 16 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 614 17 unpublished unpublished JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 614 18 observation observation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 614 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 614 20 showed show VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 614 21 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 614 22 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 614 23 l l NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 614 24 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 614 25 translated translate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 614 26 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 614 27 membrane membrane NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 614 28 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 614 29 bound bind VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 614 30 polysomes polysome NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 614 31 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 615 1 Monensin Monensin NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 615 2 inhibited inhibited JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 615 3 glycosylation glycosylation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 615 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 615 5 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 615 6 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 615 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 615 8 Niemann Niemann NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 615 9 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 615 10 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 615 11 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 615 12 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 615 13 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 615 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 615 15 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 616 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 616 2 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 616 3 transport transport NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 616 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 616 5 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 616 6 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 616 7 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 616 8 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 616 9 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 616 10 markedly markedly RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 616 11 different different JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 616 12 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 616 13 that that DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 616 14 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 616 15 other other JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 616 16 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 616 17 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 616 18 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 617 1 Immunofluorescent Immunofluorescent NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 617 2 staining stain VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 617 3 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 617 4 monospecific monospecific JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 617 5 anti anti JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 617 6 - - JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 617 7 El el JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 617 8 antibody antibody NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 617 9 showed show VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 617 10 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 617 11 early early RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 617 12 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 617 13 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 617 14 infectious infectious JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 617 15 cycle cycle NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 617 16 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 617 17 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 617 18 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 617 19 restricted restrict VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 617 20 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 617 21 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 617 22 perinuclear perinuclear NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 617 23 area area NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 617 24 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 617 25 infected infected JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 617 26 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 617 27 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 617 28 accumulated accumulate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 617 29 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 617 30 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 617 31 Golgi Golgi NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 617 32 apparatus apparatus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 618 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 618 2 Doller Doller NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 618 3 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 618 4 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 618 5 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 619 1 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 619 2 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 619 3 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 619 4 Fig Fig NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 619 5 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 619 6 17 17 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 619 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 619 8 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 620 1 In in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 620 2 contrast contrast NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 620 3 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 620 4 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 620 5 rapidly rapidly RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 620 6 dispersed disperse VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 620 7 throughout throughout IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 620 8 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 620 9 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 620 10 membranes membrane NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 620 11 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 620 12 appeared appear VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 620 13 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 620 14 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 620 15 plasma plasma NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 620 16 membrane membrane NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 620 17 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 621 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 621 2 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 621 3 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 621 4 signals signal NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 621 5 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 621 6 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 621 7 transport transport NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 621 8 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 621 9 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 621 10 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 621 11 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 621 12 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 621 13 yet yet RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 621 14 understood understand VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 621 15 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 622 1 Possibly possibly RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 622 2 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 622 3 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 622 4 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 622 5 transported transport VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 622 6 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 622 7 cellular cellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 622 8 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 622 9 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 622 10 transport transport VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 622 11 cellular cellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 622 12 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 622 13 destined destine VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 622 14 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 622 15 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 622 16 Golgi Golgi NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 622 17 apparatus apparatus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 622 18 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 623 1 Since since IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 623 2 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 623 3 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 623 4 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 623 5 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 623 6 transmembrane transmembrane NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 623 7 protein protein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 623 8 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 623 9 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 623 10 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 623 11 shown show VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 623 12 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 623 13 interact interact VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 623 14 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 623 15 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 623 16 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 623 17 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 623 18 uitro uitro NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 623 19 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 623 20 it -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 623 21 appears appear VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 623 22 likely likely JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 623 23 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 623 24 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 623 25 localization localization NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 623 26 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 623 27 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 623 28 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 623 29 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 623 30 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 623 31 rough rough JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 623 32 endoplasmic endoplasmic NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 623 33 reticulum reticulum NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 623 34 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 623 35 Golgi Golgi NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 623 36 membranes membrane NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 623 37 determines determine VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 623 38 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 623 39 site site NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 623 40 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 623 41 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 623 42 budding bud VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 623 43 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 624 1 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 624 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 624 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 624 4 peplomeric peplomeric JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 624 5 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 624 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 624 7 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 624 8 recently recently RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 624 9 shown show VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 624 10 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 624 11 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 624 12 synthesized synthesize VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 624 13 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 624 14 membrane membrane NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 624 15 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 624 16 bound bind VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 624 17 ribosomes ribosome NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 624 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 624 19 Niemann Niemann NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 624 20 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 624 21 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 624 22 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 624 23 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 624 24 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 624 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 624 26 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 625 1 Pulselabeling Pulselabeling NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 625 2 studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 625 3 showed show VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 625 4 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 625 5 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 625 6 large large JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 625 7 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 625 8 150 150 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 625 9 - - SYM cord-338307-vfutmwxq 625 10 180 180 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 625 11 K K NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 625 12 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 625 13 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 625 14 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 625 15 first first JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 625 16 form form NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 625 17 detected detect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 625 18 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 625 19 infected infected JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 625 20 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 625 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 626 1 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 626 2 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 626 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 626 4 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 627 1 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 627 2 1981a 1981a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 627 3 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 627 4 Rottier Rottier NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 627 5 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 627 6 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 627 7 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 627 8 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 627 9 1981b 1981b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 627 10 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 628 1 Siddell Siddell NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 628 2 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 628 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 628 4 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 628 5 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 628 6 1981~ 1981~ CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 628 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 628 8 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 629 1 As as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 629 2 noted note VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 629 3 below below RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 629 4 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 629 5 there there EX cord-338307-vfutmwxq 629 6 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 629 7 considerable considerable JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 629 8 controversy controversy NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 629 9 over over IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 629 10 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 629 11 relationship relationship NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 629 12 between between IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 629 13 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 629 14 180 180 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 629 15 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 629 16 90 90 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 629 17 K K NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 629 18 forms form NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 629 19 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 629 20 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 629 21 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 630 1 This this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 630 2 controversy controversy NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 630 3 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 630 4 relate relate VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 630 5 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 630 6 differences difference NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 630 7 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 630 8 processing processing NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 630 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 630 10 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 630 11 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 630 12 different different JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 630 13 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 630 14 types type NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 630 15 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 631 1 A a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 631 2 110 110 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 631 3 - - SYM cord-338307-vfutmwxq 631 4 120 120 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 631 5 K K NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 631 6 apoprotein apoprotein NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 631 7 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 631 8 detected detect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 631 9 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 631 10 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 631 11 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 631 12 A59 A59 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 631 13 infected infect VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 631 14 Sac(- Sac(- NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 631 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 631 16 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 631 17 17 17 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 631 18 C1 c1 NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 631 19 1 1 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 631 20 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 631 21 treated treat VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 631 22 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 631 23 tunicamycin tunicamycin NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 632 1 Rottier Rottier NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 632 2 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 632 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 632 4 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 632 5 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 632 6 1981b 1981b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 632 7 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 633 1 Niemann Niemann NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 633 2 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 633 3 Klenk Klenk NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 633 4 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 633 5 1981a 1981a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 633 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 633 7 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 634 1 This this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 634 2 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 634 3 similar similar JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 634 4 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 634 5 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 634 6 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 634 7 uitro uitro NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 634 8 translation translation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 634 9 product product NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 634 10 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 634 11 RNA3 RNA3 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 634 12 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 634 13 L l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 634 14 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 634 15 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 634 16 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 634 17 reticulocyte reticulocyte NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 634 18 lysates lysate NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 634 19 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 634 20 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 634 21 glycosylation glycosylation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 634 22 does do VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 634 23 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 634 24 occur occur VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 635 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 635 2 Rottier Rottier NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 635 3 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 635 4 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 635 5 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 636 1 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 636 2 1981a 1981a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 636 3 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 636 4 Siddell Siddell NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 636 5 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 636 6 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 636 7 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 636 8 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 636 9 l980,1981c l980,1981c NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 636 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 636 11 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 636 12 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 636 13 probably probably RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 636 14 represents represent VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 636 15 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 636 16 protein protein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 636 17 moiety moiety NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 636 18 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 636 19 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 636 20 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 636 21 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 636 22 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 637 1 Translation translation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 637 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 637 3 mRNA3 mRNA3 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 638 1 inXenopus inXenopus NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 638 2 laeuis laeuis NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 638 3 oocytes oocyte NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 638 4 permitted permit VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 638 5 glycosylation glycosylation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 638 6 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 638 7 yielded yield VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 638 8 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 638 9 150 150 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 638 10 K k NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 638 11 E2 e2 NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 638 12 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 638 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 638 14 Rottier Rottier NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 638 15 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 638 16 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 638 17 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 638 18 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 638 19 1981a 1981a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 638 20 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 638 21 Fig Fig NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 638 22 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 638 23 15 15 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 638 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 638 25 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 639 1 Pulse pulse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 639 2 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 639 3 labeling label VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 639 4 experiments experiment NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 639 5 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 639 6 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 639 7 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 639 8 A59 A59 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 639 9 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 639 10 -JHM -JHM -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 639 11 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 639 12 Sac(- Sac(- NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 639 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 640 1 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 640 2 showed show VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 640 3 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 640 4 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 640 5 first first JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 640 6 form form NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 640 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 640 8 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 640 9 detected detect VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 640 10 FIG FIG NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 640 11 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 641 1 17 17 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 641 2 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 642 1 Localization localization NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 642 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 642 3 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 642 4 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 642 5 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 642 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 642 7 Golgi Golgi NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 642 8 apparatus apparatus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 642 9 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 643 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 643 2 A a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 643 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 643 4 Monospecific Monospecific NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 643 5 anti anti JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 643 6 - - JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 643 7 El El NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 643 8 antiserum antiserum NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 643 9 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 643 10 used use VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 643 11 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 643 12 stain stain VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 643 13 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 643 14 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 643 15 antigens antigen NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 643 16 within within IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 643 17 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 643 18 cytoplasm cytoplasm NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 643 19 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 643 20 infected infected JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 643 21 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 643 22 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 644 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 644 2 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 644 3 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 644 4 accumulated accumulate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 644 5 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 644 6 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 644 7 sharply sharply RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 644 8 demarcated demarcate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 644 9 region region NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 644 10 near near IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 644 11 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 644 12 nucleus nucleus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 644 13 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 644 14 did do VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 644 15 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 644 16 migrate migrate VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 644 17 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 644 18 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 644 19 plasma plasma NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 644 20 membrane membrane NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 644 21 as as RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 644 22 readily readily RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 644 23 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 644 24 did do VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 644 25 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 644 26 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 645 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 645 2 B b NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 645 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 645 4 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 645 5 same same JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 645 6 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 645 7 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 645 8 labeled label VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 645 9 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 645 10 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 645 11 thiamine thiamine NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 645 12 pyrophosphatase pyrophosphatase NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 645 13 histochemical histochemical NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 645 14 reaction reaction NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 645 15 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 645 16 labels label VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 645 17 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 645 18 terminal terminal JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 645 19 saccules saccule NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 645 20 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 645 21 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 645 22 Golgi Golgi NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 645 23 apparatus apparatus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 645 24 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 646 1 This this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 646 2 demonstrates demonstrate VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 646 3 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 646 4 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 646 5 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 646 6 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 646 7 accumulates accumulate VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 646 8 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 646 9 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 646 10 Golgi Golgi NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 646 11 apparatus apparatus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 646 12 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 647 1 X960 x960 UH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 647 2 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 648 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 648 2 From from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 648 3 E. E. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 648 4 W. W. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 648 5 Doller Doller NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 648 6 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 648 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 649 1 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 649 2 these these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 649 3 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 649 4 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 649 5 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 649 6 150 150 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 649 7 K k NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 649 8 species specie NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 649 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 649 10 Siddell Siddell NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 649 11 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 649 12 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 649 13 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 649 14 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 649 15 1981b 1981b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 649 16 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 649 17 c c NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 649 18 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 650 1 Rottier Rottier NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 650 2 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 650 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 650 4 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 650 5 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 650 6 1981b 1981b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 650 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 650 8 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 651 1 Similar similar JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 651 2 experiments experiment NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 651 3 using use VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 651 4 MHV-3 MHV-3 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 651 5 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 651 6 -A59 -A59 NNPS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 651 7 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 651 8 L L NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 651 9 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 651 10 17 17 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 651 11 C1 c1 NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 651 12 1 1 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 651 13 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 651 14 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 651 15 respectively respectively RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 651 16 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 651 17 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 651 18 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 651 19 180 180 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 651 20 K k NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 651 21 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 651 22 rather rather RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 651 23 than than IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 651 24 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 651 25 150 150 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 651 26 K k NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 651 27 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 651 28 product product NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 651 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 651 30 Cheley Cheley NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 651 31 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 651 32 Anderson Anderson NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 651 33 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 651 34 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 651 35 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 651 36 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 651 37 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 651 38 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 651 39 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 651 40 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 651 41 1981b 1981b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 651 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 651 43 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 652 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 652 2 difference difference NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 652 3 between between IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 652 4 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 652 5 180 180 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 652 6 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 652 7 150 150 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 652 8 K K NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 652 9 moieties moiety NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 652 10 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 652 11 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 652 12 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 652 13 identified identify VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 652 14 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 652 15 but but CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 652 16 could could MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 652 17 relate relate VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 652 18 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 652 19 additional additional JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 652 20 glycosylation glycosylation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 652 21 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 652 22 trimming trimming NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 652 23 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 652 24 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 652 25 sulfation sulfation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 652 26 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 652 27 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 652 28 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 653 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 653 2 appearance appearance NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 653 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 653 4 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 653 5 90 90 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 653 6 K K NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 653 7 species specie NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 653 8 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 653 9 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 653 10 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 653 11 different different JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 653 12 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 653 13 different different JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 653 14 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 653 15 types type NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 653 16 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 654 1 Although although IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 654 2 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 654 3 moderate moderate JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 654 4 infection infection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 654 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 654 6 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 654 7 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 654 8 A59 A59 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 654 9 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 654 10 17 17 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 654 11 C1 c1 NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 654 12 1 1 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 654 13 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 654 14 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 654 15 little little JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 654 16 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 654 17 no no DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 654 18 90 90 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 654 19 K K NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 654 20 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 654 21 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 654 22 detected detect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 654 23 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 654 24 8 8 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 654 25 - - SYM cord-338307-vfutmwxq 654 26 10 10 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 654 27 hours hour NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 654 28 after after IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 654 29 infection infection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 654 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 655 1 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 655 2 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 655 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 655 4 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 656 1 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 656 2 1981b 1981b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 656 3 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 656 4 Fig Fig NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 656 5 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 656 6 16 16 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 656 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 656 8 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 656 9 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 656 10 Sac Sac NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 656 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 656 12 - - : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 656 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 656 14 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 656 15 infected infect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 656 16 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 656 17 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 656 18 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 656 19 JHM JHM NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 656 20 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 656 21 -A59 -a59 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 656 22 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 656 23 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 656 24 substantial substantial JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 656 25 amount amount NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 656 26 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 656 27 90 90 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 656 28 K k NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 656 29 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 656 30 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 656 31 detected detect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 656 32 after after IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 656 33 60-to 60-to CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 656 34 90-minute 90-minute JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 656 35 chase chase NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 656 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 656 37 Siddell Siddell NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 656 38 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 656 39 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 656 40 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 656 41 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 656 42 1981c 1981c CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 656 43 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 656 44 Rottier Rottier NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 656 45 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 656 46 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 656 47 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 656 48 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 656 49 1981b 1981b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 656 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 656 51 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 657 1 Siddell Siddell NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 657 2 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 657 3 a2 a2 NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 657 4 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 658 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 658 2 1981~ 1981~ CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 658 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 658 4 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 658 5 suggested suggest VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 658 6 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 658 7 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 658 8 150 150 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 658 9 K k NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 658 10 precursor precursor NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 658 11 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 658 12 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 658 13 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 658 14 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 658 15 cleaved cleave VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 658 16 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 658 17 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 658 18 90 90 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 658 19 K K NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 658 20 protein protein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 658 21 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 658 22 dimerizes dimerize VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 658 23 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 658 24 form form VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 658 25 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 658 26 180 180 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 658 27 K k NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 658 28 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 658 29 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 659 1 Based base VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 659 2 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 659 3 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 659 4 studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 659 5 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 659 6 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 659 7 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 659 8 A59 A59 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 659 9 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 659 10 we -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 659 11 believe believe VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 659 12 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 659 13 two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 659 14 different different JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 659 15 90 90 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 659 16 K K NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 659 17 forms form NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 659 18 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 659 19 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 659 20 result result NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 659 21 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 659 22 proteolytic proteolytic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 659 23 cleavage cleavage NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 659 24 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 659 25 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 659 26 180 180 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 659 27 K k NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 659 28 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 659 29 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 659 30 occurs occur VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 659 31 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 659 32 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 659 33 late late JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 659 34 step step NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 659 35 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 659 36 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 659 37 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 659 38 transport transport NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 659 39 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 659 40 processing processing NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 659 41 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 659 42 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 659 43 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 659 44 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 659 45 maturation maturation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 659 46 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 659 47 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 659 48 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 659 49 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 660 1 Recently recently RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 660 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 660 3 Stern Stern NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 660 4 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 660 5 Sefton Sefton NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 660 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 660 7 198213 198213 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 660 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 660 9 showed show VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 660 10 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 660 11 tryptic tryptic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 660 12 peptide peptide NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 660 13 mapping mapping NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 660 14 that that WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 660 15 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 660 16 two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 660 17 large large JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 660 18 virion virion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 660 19 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 660 20 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 660 21 IBV IBV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 660 22 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 660 23 gp90 gp90 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 660 24 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 660 25 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 660 26 gp84 gp84 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 660 27 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 660 28 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 660 29 produced produce VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 660 30 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 660 31 cleavage cleavage NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 660 32 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 660 33 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 660 34 155 155 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 660 35 K k NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 660 36 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 660 37 precursor precursor NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 660 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 660 39 gp155 gp155 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 660 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 660 41 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 661 1 Although although IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 661 2 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 661 3 cellular cellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 661 4 location location NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 661 5 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 661 6 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 661 7 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 661 8 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 661 9 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 661 10 undergoes undergo VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 661 11 acylation acylation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 661 12 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 661 13 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 661 14 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 661 15 identified identify VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 661 16 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 661 17 acylation acylation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 661 18 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 661 19 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 661 20 VSV VSV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 661 21 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 661 22 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 661 23 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 661 24 shown show VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 661 25 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 661 26 occur occur VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 661 27 near near IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 661 28 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 661 29 Golgi Golgi NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 661 30 complex complex NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 661 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 661 32 Schmidt Schmidt NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 661 33 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 661 34 198213 198213 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 661 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 661 36 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 662 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 662 2 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 662 3 transport transport NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 662 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 662 5 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 662 6 appears appear VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 662 7 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 662 8 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 662 9 similar similar JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 662 10 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 662 11 that that DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 662 12 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 662 13 Nlinked nlinked JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 662 14 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 662 15 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 662 16 other other JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 662 17 viruses virus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 662 18 such such JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 662 19 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 662 20 orthomyxo- orthomyxo- JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 662 21 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 662 22 paramyxo- paramyxo- NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 662 23 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 662 24 rhabdo- rhabdo- NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 662 25 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 662 26 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 662 27 alphaviruses alphaviruses NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 662 28 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 663 1 Immunofluorescent Immunofluorescent NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 663 2 staining staining NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 663 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 663 4 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 663 5 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 663 6 monospecific monospecific JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 663 7 antiserum antiserum NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 663 8 stained stain VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 663 9 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 663 10 cytoplasm cytoplasm NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 663 11 diffusely diffusely RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 663 12 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 663 13 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 663 14 appeared appear VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 663 15 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 663 16 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 663 17 plasma plasma NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 663 18 membrane membrane NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 663 19 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 663 20 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 663 21 time time NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 663 22 when when WRB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 663 23 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 663 24 transport transport NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 663 25 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 663 26 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 663 27 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 663 28 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 663 29 directed direct VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 663 30 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 663 31 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 663 32 Golgi Golgi NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 663 33 apparatus apparatus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 663 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 664 1 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 664 2 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 664 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 664 4 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 665 1 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 665 2 1981b 1981b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 665 3 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 665 4 Doller Doller NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 665 5 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 665 6 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 665 7 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 665 8 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 665 9 1983 1983 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 665 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 665 11 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 666 1 Treatment treatment NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 666 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 666 3 MHV mhv NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 666 4 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 666 5 infected infect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 666 6 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 666 7 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 666 8 tunicamycin tunicamycin NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 666 9 resulted result VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 666 10 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 666 11 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 666 12 marked marked JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 666 13 inhibition inhibition NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 666 14 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 666 15 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 666 16 synthesis synthesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 666 17 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 666 18 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 666 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 666 20 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 666 21 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 666 22 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 666 23 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 666 24 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 666 25 1981b 1981b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 666 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 666 27 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 666 28 although although IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 666 29 late late RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 666 30 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 666 31 infection infection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 666 32 some some DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 666 33 nonglycosylated nonglycosylated JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 666 34 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 666 35 could could MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 666 36 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 666 37 detected detect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 666 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 666 39 Niemann Niemann NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 666 40 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 666 41 Klenk Klenk NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 666 42 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 666 43 1981a 1981a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 666 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 666 45 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 667 1 Virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 667 2 isolated isolate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 667 3 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 667 4 tunicamycintreated tunicamycintreate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 667 5 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 667 6 contained contain VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 667 7 no no DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 667 8 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 667 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 667 10 Sturman Sturman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 667 11 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 667 12 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 667 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 667 14 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 667 15 no no DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 667 16 peplomers peplomer NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 667 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 667 18 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 667 19 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 667 20 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 667 21 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 667 22 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 667 23 1981a 1981a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 667 24 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 667 25 b b LS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 667 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 667 27 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 668 1 This this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 668 2 suggested suggest VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 668 3 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 668 4 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 668 5 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 668 6 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 668 7 required require VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 668 8 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 668 9 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 668 10 budding bud VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 668 11 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 668 12 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 668 13 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 668 14 release release NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 668 15 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 668 16 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 668 17 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 668 18 infected infected JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 668 19 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 668 20 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 669 1 Brian Brian NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 669 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 669 3 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 669 4 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 669 5 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 669 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 669 7 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 669 8 B. B. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 669 9 W. W. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 669 10 J. J. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 669 11 Mahy Mahy NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 669 12 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 669 13 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 669 14 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 670 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 670 2 1983 1983 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 670 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 671 1 first first RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 671 2 detected detect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 671 3 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 671 4 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 671 5 dependent dependent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 671 6 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 671 7 polymerase polymerase NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 671 8 activity activity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 671 9 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 671 10 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 671 11 infected infect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 671 12 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 671 13 TGEV TGEV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 671 14 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 671 15 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 671 16 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 672 1 This this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 672 2 activity activity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 672 3 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 672 4 insensitive insensitive JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 672 5 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 672 6 antinomycin antinomycin NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 672 7 D D NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 672 8 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 672 9 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 672 10 associated associate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 672 11 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 672 12 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 672 13 membrane membrane NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 672 14 fractions fraction NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 672 15 like like IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 672 16 that that DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 672 17 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 672 18 alphaviruses alphavirus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 672 19 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 673 1 Brayton Brayton NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 673 2 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 673 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 673 4 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 674 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 674 2 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 674 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 674 4 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 674 5 Lai Lai NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 674 6 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 674 7 czl czl NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 674 8 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 675 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 675 2 1982b 1982b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 675 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 675 4 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 675 5 characterized characterize VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 675 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 675 7 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 675 8 RNA rna NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 675 9 polymerase polymerase NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 675 10 activity activity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 675 11 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 675 12 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 675 13 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 675 14 A59-infected a59-infecte VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 675 15 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 675 16 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 676 1 By by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 676 2 pretreatment pretreatment NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 676 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 676 4 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 676 5 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 676 6 actinomycin actinomycin NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 676 7 D D NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 676 8 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 676 9 1 1 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 676 10 hour hour NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 676 11 before before IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 676 12 infection infection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 676 13 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 676 14 synchronization synchronization NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 676 15 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 676 16 infection infection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 676 17 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 676 18 adsorbing adsorb VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 676 19 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 676 20 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 676 21 0 0 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 676 22 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 676 23 4"C 4"c CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 676 24 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 676 25 Brayton Brayton NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 676 26 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 676 27 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 676 28 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 677 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 677 2 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 677 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 677 4 detected detect VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 677 5 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 677 6 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 677 7 specific specific JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 677 8 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 677 9 synthesis synthesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 677 10 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 677 11 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 677 12 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 677 13 A59-infected a59-infecte VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 677 14 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 677 15 as as RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 677 16 early early RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 677 17 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 677 18 1 1 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 677 19 hour hour NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 677 20 after after IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 677 21 infection infection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 677 22 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 678 1 Two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 678 2 peaks peak NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 678 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 678 4 virusspecific virusspecific NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 678 5 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 678 6 synthesis synthesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 678 7 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 678 8 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 678 9 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 678 10 one one CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 678 11 early early JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 678 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 678 13 2 2 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 678 14 hours hour NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 678 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 678 16 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 678 17 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 678 18 other other JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 678 19 late late RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 678 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 678 21 6 6 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 678 22 hours hour NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 678 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 678 24 after after IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 678 25 infection infection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 678 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 678 27 Fig Fig NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 678 28 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 678 29 18 18 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 678 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 678 31 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 679 1 Corresponding correspond VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 679 2 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 679 3 these these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 679 4 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 679 5 two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 679 6 different different JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 679 7 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 679 8 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 679 9 specific specific JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 679 10 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 679 11 polymerase polymerase NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 679 12 activities activity NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 679 13 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 679 14 detected detect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 679 15 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 679 16 early early JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 679 17 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 679 18 late late RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 679 19 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 679 20 infection infection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 679 21 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 680 1 These these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 680 2 two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 680 3 polymerases polymerase NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 680 4 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 680 5 distinguished distinguish VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 680 6 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 680 7 different different JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 680 8 responses response NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 680 9 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 680 10 potassium potassium NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 680 11 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 680 12 different different JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 680 13 pH pH NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 680 14 optima optima NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 680 15 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 681 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 681 2 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 681 3 product product NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 681 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 681 5 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 681 6 early early JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 681 7 polymerase polymerase NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 681 8 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 681 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 681 10 negative negative JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 681 11 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 681 12 strand strand NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 681 13 polarity polarity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 681 14 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 681 15 complementary complementary JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 681 16 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 681 17 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 681 18 genomic genomic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 681 19 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 681 20 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 681 21 whereas whereas IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 681 22 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 681 23 products product NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 681 24 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 681 25 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 681 26 late late JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 681 27 polymerase polymerase NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 681 28 activity activity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 681 29 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 681 30 predominantly predominantly RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 681 31 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 681 32 positive positive JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 681 33 polarity polarity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 681 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 681 35 P. P. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 681 36 R. R. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 681 37 Brayton Brayton NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 681 38 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 681 39 personal personal JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 681 40 communication communication NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 681 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 681 42 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 682 1 Only only RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 682 2 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 682 3 single single JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 682 4 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 682 5 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 682 6 specific specific JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 682 7 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 682 8 negative negative JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 682 9 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 682 10 stranded strand VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 682 11 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 682 12 species specie NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 682 13 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 682 14 detected detect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 682 15 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 683 1 This this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 683 2 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 683 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 683 4 size size NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 683 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 683 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 683 7 complete complete JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 683 8 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 683 9 genome genome NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 683 10 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 684 1 A a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 684 2 double double RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 684 3 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 684 4 stranded strand VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 684 5 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 684 6 form form NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 684 7 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 684 8 isolated isolate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 684 9 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 684 10 contained contain VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 684 11 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 684 12 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 684 13 genomic genomic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 684 14 size size NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 684 15 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 685 1 When when WRB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 685 2 this this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 685 3 double double RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 685 4 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 685 5 stranded strand VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 685 6 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 685 7 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 685 8 isolated isolate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 685 9 without without IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 685 10 RNase rnase NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 685 11 treatment treatment NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 685 12 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 685 13 heated heated JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 685 14 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 685 15 subgenomic subgenomic NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 685 16 mRNAs mrnas CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 685 17 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 685 18 released release VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 685 19 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 686 1 This this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 686 2 suggested suggest VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 686 3 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 686 4 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 686 5 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 686 6 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 686 7 specific specific JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 686 8 mRNAs mRNAs NNPS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 686 9 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 686 10 Incorporation Incorporation NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 686 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 686 12 radiolabel radiolabel NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 686 13 into into IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 686 14 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 686 15 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 686 16 specific specific JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 686 17 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 686 18 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 686 19 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 686 20 infected infect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 686 21 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 686 22 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 686 23 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 686 24 A59 A59 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 686 25 occurs occur VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 686 26 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 686 27 two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 686 28 peaks peak NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 686 29 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 686 30 show show VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 686 31 different different JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 686 32 ionic ionic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 686 33 requirements requirement NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 686 34 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 687 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 687 2 early early JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 687 3 peak peak NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 687 4 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 687 5 believed believe VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 687 6 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 687 7 represent represent VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 687 8 synthesis synthesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 687 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 687 10 full full JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 687 11 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 687 12 length length NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 687 13 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 687 14 negative negative JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 687 15 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 687 16 stranded strand VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 687 17 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 687 18 templates template NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 687 19 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 687 20 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 687 21 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 687 22 later later JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 687 23 peak peak NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 687 24 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 687 25 believed believe VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 687 26 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 687 27 represent represent VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 687 28 synthesis synthesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 687 29 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 687 30 mRNAs mrnas CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 687 31 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 687 32 genomic genomic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 687 33 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 687 34 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 688 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 688 2 Reproduced reproduce VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 688 3 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 688 4 Brayton Brayton NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 688 5 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 688 6 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 688 7 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 688 8 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 688 9 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 688 10 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 688 11 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 688 12 permission permission NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 688 13 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 688 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 689 1 transcribed transcribe VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 689 2 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 689 3 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 689 4 negative negative JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 689 5 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 689 6 strand strand NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 689 7 RNA rna NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 689 8 template template NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 689 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 689 10 genomic genomic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 689 11 size size NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 689 12 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 690 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 690 2 mechanism mechanism NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 690 3 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 690 4 regulates regulate VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 690 5 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 690 6 frequency frequency NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 690 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 690 8 transcription transcription NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 690 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 690 10 each each DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 690 11 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 690 12 species specie NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 690 13 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 690 14 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 690 15 negative negative RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 690 16 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 690 17 stranded strand VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 690 18 RNA rna NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 690 19 template template NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 690 20 remains remain VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 690 21 t t NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 690 22 o o NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 690 23 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 690 24 elucidated elucidate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 690 25 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 691 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 691 2 relative relative JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 691 3 rates rate NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 691 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 691 5 synthesis synthesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 691 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 691 7 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 691 8 mRNAs mRNAs NNPS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 691 9 appear appear VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 691 10 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 691 11 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 691 12 constant constant JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 691 13 throughout throughout IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 691 14 infection infection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 691 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 691 16 Stern Stern NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 691 17 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 691 18 Kennedy Kennedy NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 691 19 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 691 20 1980a 1980a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 691 21 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 691 22 Wege Wege NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 691 23 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 691 24 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 691 25 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 691 26 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 691 27 1981b 1981b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 691 28 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 692 1 Spaan Spaan NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 692 2 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 692 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 692 4 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 692 5 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 692 6 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 692 7 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 692 8 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 693 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 693 2 smaller small JJR cord-338307-vfutmwxq 693 3 mRNAs mRNAs NFP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 693 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 693 5 numbers number NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 693 6 7 7 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 693 7 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 693 8 61 61 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 693 9 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 693 10 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 693 11 represent represent VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 693 12 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 693 13 3 3 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 693 14 ' ' NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 693 15 end end NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 693 16 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 693 17 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 693 18 genome genome NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 693 19 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 693 20 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 693 21 far far RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 693 22 more more RBR cord-338307-vfutmwxq 693 23 abundant abundant JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 693 24 than than IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 693 25 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 693 26 sum sum NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 693 27 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 693 28 all all PDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 693 29 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 693 30 others other NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 693 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 693 32 Jacobs Jacobs NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 693 33 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 693 34 aZ. az. NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 693 35 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 693 36 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 693 37 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 693 38 Table Table NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 693 39 111 111 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 693 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 693 41 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 694 1 In in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 694 2 different different JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 694 3 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 694 4 strains strain NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 694 5 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 694 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 694 7 relative relative JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 694 8 abundance abundance NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 694 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 694 10 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 694 11 different different JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 694 12 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 694 13 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 694 14 species specie NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 694 15 varies vary VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 694 16 considerably considerably RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 694 17 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 695 1 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 695 2 shown show VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 695 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 695 4 Table table NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 695 5 111 111 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 695 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 695 7 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 695 8 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 695 9 relative relative JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 695 10 molar molar JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 695 11 amount amount NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 695 12 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 695 13 RNA5 RNA5 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 695 14 synthesized synthesize VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 695 15 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 695 16 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 695 17 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 695 18 JHM JHM NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 695 19 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 695 20 infected infect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 695 21 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 695 22 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 695 23 about about RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 695 24 one one CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 695 25 tenth tenth NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 695 26 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 695 27 that that DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 695 28 found find VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 695 29 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 695 30 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 695 31 infected infect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 695 32 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 695 33 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 695 34 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 695 35 A59 A59 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 695 36 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 696 1 A a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 696 2 central central JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 696 3 question question NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 696 4 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 696 5 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 696 6 molecular molecular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 696 7 biology biology NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 696 8 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 696 9 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 696 10 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 696 11 how how WRB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 696 12 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 696 13 subgenomic subgenomic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 696 14 mRNAs mRNAs NNPS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 696 15 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 696 16 genomic genomic NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 696 17 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 696 18 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 696 19 transcribed transcribe VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 696 20 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 696 21 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 696 22 negative negative JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 696 23 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 696 24 strand strand NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 696 25 template template NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 696 26 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 697 1 Ultraviolet ultraviolet NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 697 2 transcription transcription NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 697 3 mapping mapping NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 697 4 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 697 5 done do VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 697 6 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 697 7 identify identify VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 697 8 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 697 9 size size NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 697 10 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 697 11 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 697 12 template(s template(s NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 697 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 697 14 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 697 15 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 697 16 synthesis synthesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 697 17 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 697 18 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 697 19 mRNAs mRNAs NNPS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 697 20 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 698 1 Jacobs Jacobs NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 698 2 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 698 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 698 4 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 698 5 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 698 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 698 7 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 698 8 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 698 9 Table Table NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 698 10 IV IV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 698 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 698 12 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 698 13 Stern Stern NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 698 14 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 698 15 Sefton Sefton NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 698 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 698 17 1982a 1982a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 698 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 698 19 found find VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 698 20 that that DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 698 21 b b NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 698 22 K k NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 698 23 x x NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 698 24 T T NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 698 25 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 698 26 calculated calculate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 698 27 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 698 28 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 698 29 relationship relationship NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 698 30 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 698 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 698 32 N n CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 698 33 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 698 34 No no NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 698 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 698 36 = = NFP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 699 1 K K NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 699 2 x x SYM cord-338307-vfutmwxq 699 3 T t NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 699 4 x x NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 699 5 t t NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 699 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 699 7 where where WRB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 699 8 N N NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 699 9 t t NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 699 10 represents represent VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 699 11 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 699 12 incorporation incorporation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 699 13 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 699 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 699 15 " " `` cord-338307-vfutmwxq 699 16 Iuridine Iuridine NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 699 17 into into IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 699 18 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 699 19 after after IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 699 20 t t NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 699 21 seconds second NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 699 22 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 699 23 UV uv NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 699 24 irradiation irradiation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 700 1 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 700 2 N N NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 700 3 o o NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 700 4 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 700 5 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 700 6 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 700 7 synthesis synthesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 700 8 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 700 9 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 700 10 unirradiated unirradiated JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 700 11 culture culture NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 700 12 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 700 13 T T NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 700 14 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 700 15 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 700 16 target target NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 700 17 size size NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 700 18 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 700 19 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 700 20 K K NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 700 21 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 700 22 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 700 23 constant constant NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 700 24 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 701 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 701 2 calculation calculation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 701 3 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 701 4 made make VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 701 5 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 701 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 701 7 data data NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 701 8 points point NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 701 9 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 701 10 using use VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 701 11 linear linear JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 701 12 regression regression NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 701 13 analysis analysis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 701 14 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 702 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 702 2 value value NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 702 3 ofK ofK NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 702 4 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 702 5 calculated calculate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 702 6 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 702 7 6.38 6.38 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 702 8 x x SYM cord-338307-vfutmwxq 702 9 10 10 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 702 10 -9s -9s . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 702 11 -1 -1 VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 702 12 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 702 13 substituting substitute VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 702 14 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 702 15 value value NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 702 16 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 702 17 5.6 5.6 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 702 18 x x SYM cord-338307-vfutmwxq 702 19 106 106 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 702 20 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 702 21 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 702 22 target target NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 702 23 size size NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 702 24 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 702 25 R R NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 702 26 N n NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 702 27 A A NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 702 28 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 702 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 702 30 experiment experiment NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 702 31 l l NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 702 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 702 33 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 702 34 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 702 35 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 702 36 10.3 10.3 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 702 37 x x SYM cord-338307-vfutmwxq 702 38 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 702 39 inserting insert VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 702 40 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 702 41 value value NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 702 42 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 702 43 1.4 1.4 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 702 44 x x SYM cord-338307-vfutmwxq 702 45 106 106 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 702 46 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 702 47 RNA4 RNA4 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 702 48 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 702 49 experiment experiment NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 702 50 2 2 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 702 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 702 52 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 703 1 c c NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 704 1 By by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 704 2 using use VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 704 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 704 4 two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 704 5 values value NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 704 6 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 704 7 K K NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 704 8 described describe VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 704 9 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 704 10 footnote footnote NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 704 11 b b NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 704 12 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 704 13 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 704 14 target target NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 704 15 sizes size NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 704 16 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 704 17 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 704 18 other other JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 704 19 RNAs rna NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 704 20 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 704 21 calculated calculate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 704 22 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 705 1 d d LS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 705 2 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 705 3 molecular molecular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 705 4 weights weight NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 705 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 705 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 705 7 denatured denatured JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 705 8 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 705 9 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 705 10 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 705 11 specific specific JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 705 12 RNAs rna NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 705 13 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 705 14 determined determine VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 705 15 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 705 16 agarose agarose JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 705 17 gel gel NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 705 18 electrophoresis electrophoresis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 705 19 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 706 1 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 706 2 UV uv NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 706 3 target target NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 706 4 sizes size NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 706 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 706 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 706 7 templates template NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 706 8 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 706 9 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 706 10 mRNAs mrnas CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 706 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 706 12 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 706 13 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 706 14 A59 A59 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 706 15 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 706 16 IBV IBV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 706 17 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 706 18 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 706 19 same same JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 706 20 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 706 21 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 706 22 sizes size NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 706 23 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 706 24 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 706 25 respective respective NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 706 26 mRNAs mrna NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 706 27 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 707 1 Since since IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 707 2 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 707 3 UV uv NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 707 4 mapping mapping NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 707 5 studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 707 6 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 707 7 done do VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 707 8 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 707 9 5.5 5.5 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 707 10 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 707 11 6.0 6.0 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 707 12 hours hour NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 707 13 postinfection postinfection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 707 14 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 707 15 when when WRB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 707 16 synthesis synthesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 707 17 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 707 18 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 707 19 negatively negatively RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 707 20 stranded strand VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 707 21 template template NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 707 22 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 707 23 have have VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 707 24 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 707 25 completed complete VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 707 26 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 707 27 it -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 707 28 appears appear VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 707 29 likely likely JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 707 30 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 707 31 only only RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 707 32 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 707 33 synthesis synthesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 707 34 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 707 35 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 707 36 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 707 37 species specie NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 707 38 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 707 39 being be VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 707 40 inactivated inactivate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 707 41 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 707 42 UV uv NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 707 43 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 708 1 Comparison comparison NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 708 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 708 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 708 4 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 708 5 fingerprints fingerprint NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 708 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 708 7 subgenomic subgenomic NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 708 8 mRNAs mRNAs NNPS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 708 9 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 708 10 virion virion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 708 11 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 708 12 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 708 13 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 708 14 suggested suggest VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 708 15 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 708 16 some some DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 708 17 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 708 18 splicing splicing NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 708 19 mechanism mechanism NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 708 20 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 708 21 other other JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 708 22 modification modification NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 708 23 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 708 24 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 708 25 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 708 26 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 708 27 take take VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 708 28 place place NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 708 29 during during IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 708 30 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 708 31 synthesis synthesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 708 32 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 709 1 Stern Stern NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 709 2 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 709 3 Kennedy Kennedy NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 709 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 709 5 1980a 1980a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 709 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 709 7 b b LS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 709 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 709 9 found find VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 709 10 several several JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 709 11 T1 T1 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 709 12 oligonucleotides oligonucleotide NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 709 13 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 709 14 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 709 15 species specie NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 709 16 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 709 17 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 709 18 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 709 19 present present JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 709 20 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 709 21 larger large JJR cord-338307-vfutmwxq 709 22 mRNAs mrna NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 709 23 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 710 1 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 710 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 710 3 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 710 4 Spaan Spaan NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 710 5 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 710 6 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 710 7 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 711 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 711 2 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 711 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 711 4 also also RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 711 5 identified identify VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 711 6 several several JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 711 7 T1 T1 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 711 8 oligonucleotides oligonucleotide NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 711 9 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 712 1 subgenomic subgenomic NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 712 2 mRNAs mRNAs NNPS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 712 3 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 712 4 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 712 5 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 712 6 present present JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 712 7 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 712 8 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 712 9 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 712 10 genome genome NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 712 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 712 12 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 712 13 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 712 14 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 712 15 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 712 16 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 712 17 found find VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 712 18 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 712 19 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 712 20 same same JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 712 21 region region NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 712 22 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 712 23 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 712 24 genome genome NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 712 25 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 713 1 Preliminary preliminary JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 713 2 evidence evidence NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 713 3 indicated indicate VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 713 4 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 713 5 some some DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 713 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 713 7 these these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 713 8 oligonucleotides oligonucleotide NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 713 9 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 713 10 several several JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 713 11 subgenomic subgenomic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 713 12 RNAs rna NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 713 13 had have VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 713 14 similar similar JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 713 15 sequences sequence NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 713 16 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 714 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 714 2 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 714 3 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 714 4 suggested suggest VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 714 5 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 714 6 these these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 714 7 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 714 8 represent represent VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 714 9 junction junction NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 714 10 sequences sequence NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 714 11 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 714 12 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 714 13 splicing splicing NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 714 14 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 714 15 two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 714 16 unlinked unlinked JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 714 17 stretches stretch NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 714 18 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 714 19 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 714 20 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 715 1 Since since IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 715 2 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 715 3 can can MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 715 4 replicate replicate VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 715 5 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 715 6 enucleated enucleated JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 715 7 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 715 8 Brayton Brayton NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 715 9 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 715 10 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 715 11 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 715 12 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 715 13 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 715 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 715 15 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 715 16 it -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 715 17 appears appear VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 715 18 unlikely unlikely JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 715 19 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 715 20 this this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 715 21 splicing splicing NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 715 22 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 715 23 done do VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 715 24 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 715 25 cellular cellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 715 26 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 715 27 located locate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 715 28 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 715 29 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 715 30 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 715 31 nucleus nucleus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 715 32 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 716 1 Lai Lai NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 716 2 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 716 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 716 4 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 717 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 717 2 1982a 1982a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 717 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 717 4 found find VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 717 5 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 717 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 717 7 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 718 1 adjacent adjacent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 718 2 t t NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 718 3 o o NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 719 1 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 719 2 cap cap NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 719 3 structures structure NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 719 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 719 5 each each DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 719 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 719 7 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 719 8 subgenomic subgenomic NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 719 9 mRNAs mRNAs NNPS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 719 10 contained contain VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 719 11 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 719 12 same same JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 719 13 sequence sequence NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 719 14 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 719 15 5'-CAP 5'-cap CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 719 16 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 719 17 N N NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 719 18 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 719 19 UAAG UAAG NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 719 20 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 720 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 720 2 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 720 3 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 720 4 known know VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 720 5 how how WRB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 720 6 many many JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 720 7 additional additional JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 720 8 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 720 9 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 720 10 shared share VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 720 11 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 720 12 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 720 13 5 5 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 720 14 ' ' NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 720 15 end end NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 720 16 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 720 17 these these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 720 18 mRNAs mrna NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 720 19 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 721 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 721 2 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 721 3 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 721 4 clear clear JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 721 5 how how WRB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 721 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 721 7 cap cap NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 721 8 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 721 9 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 721 10 adjacent adjacent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 721 11 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 721 12 sequences sequence NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 721 13 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 721 14 added add VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 721 15 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 721 16 each each DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 721 17 mRNA mrna NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 721 18 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 722 1 One one CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 722 2 possibility possibility NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 722 3 would would MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 722 4 involve involve VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 722 5 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 722 6 splicing splicing NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 722 7 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 723 1 A a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 723 2 leader leader NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 723 3 sequence sequence NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 723 4 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 723 5 originates originate VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 723 6 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 723 7 splicing splice VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 723 8 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 723 9 large large JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 723 10 precursor precursor NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 723 11 molecules molecule NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 723 12 would would MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 723 13 appear appear VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 723 14 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 723 15 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 723 16 contraindicated contraindicate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 723 17 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 723 18 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 723 19 results result NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 723 20 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 723 21 UV uv NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 723 22 transcriptional transcriptional JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 723 23 mapping mapping NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 723 24 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 724 1 However however RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 724 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 724 3 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 724 4 leader leader NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 724 5 sequence sequence NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 724 6 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 724 7 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 724 8 without without IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 724 9 an an DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 724 10 attached attach VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 724 11 cap cap NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 724 12 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 724 13 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 724 14 derived derive VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 724 15 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 724 16 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 724 17 small small JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 724 18 RNA rna NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 724 19 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 724 20 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 724 21 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 724 22 cellular cellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 724 23 origin origin NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 724 24 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 725 1 Since since IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 725 2 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 725 3 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 725 4 synthesis synthesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 725 5 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 725 6 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 725 7 inhibited inhibit VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 725 8 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 725 9 antinomycin antinomycin NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 725 10 D D NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 725 11 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 725 12 this this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 725 13 leader leader NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 725 14 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 725 15 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 725 16 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 725 17 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 725 18 specific specific JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 725 19 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 725 20 perhaps perhaps RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 725 21 derived derive VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 725 22 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 725 23 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 725 24 stable stable JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 725 25 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 725 26 small small JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 725 27 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 725 28 cellular cellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 725 29 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 725 30 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 726 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 726 2 sequence sequence NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 726 3 -UAAG -UAAG . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 726 4 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 726 5 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 726 6 found find VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 726 7 adjacent adjacent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 726 8 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 726 9 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 726 10 cap cap NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 726 11 structure structure NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 726 12 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 726 13 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 726 14 5 5 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 726 15 ' ' NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 726 16 end end NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 726 17 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 726 18 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 726 19 subgenomic subgenomic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 726 20 mRNAs mRNAs NNPS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 726 21 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 726 22 genomic genomic NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 726 23 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 2 Lai Lai NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 3 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 4 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 5 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 7 1982a 1982a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 9 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 10 also also RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 11 present present JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 12 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 13 some some DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 14 small small JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 15 host host NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 16 coded code VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 17 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 18 RNAs rna NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 19 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 20 including include VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 21 5s 5s CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 22 ribosomal ribosomal NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 23 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 25 Delihas Delihas NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 26 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 27 Andersen Andersen NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 28 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 29 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 31 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 32 7s 7s NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 33 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 35 Busch Busch NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 36 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 37 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 38 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 39 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 40 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 42 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 43 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 44 U2 U2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 45 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 46 U3 U3 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 47 small small JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 48 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 49 RNAs rna NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 50 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 51 Busch Busch NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 52 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 53 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 54 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 55 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 56 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 57 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 727 58 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 728 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 728 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 728 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 728 4 same same JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 728 5 order order NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 728 6 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 728 7 contained contain VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 728 8 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 728 9 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 728 10 consensus consensus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 728 11 sequence sequence NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 728 12 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 728 13 t t NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 728 14 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 728 15 5 5 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 728 16 ' ' POS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 728 17 exon exon NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 728 18 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 728 19 intron intron NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 728 20 boundary boundary NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 728 21 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 728 22 many many JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 728 23 splice splice NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 728 24 junctions junction NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 729 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 729 2 Lerner Lerner NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 729 3 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 729 4 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 729 5 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 729 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 729 7 1980 1980 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 729 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 729 9 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 730 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 730 2 complementary complementary JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 730 3 sequence sequence NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 730 4 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 730 5 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 730 6 present present JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 730 7 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 730 8 U1 U1 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 730 9 SnRNA SnRNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 730 10 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 730 11 thought think VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 730 12 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 730 13 assist assist VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 730 14 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 730 15 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 730 16 proper proper JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 730 17 orientation orientation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 730 18 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 730 19 exons exon NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 730 20 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 730 21 splicing splicing NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 730 22 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 730 23 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 730 24 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 731 1 Several several JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 731 2 models model NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 731 3 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 731 4 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 731 5 postulated postulate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 731 6 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 731 7 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 731 8 utilization utilization NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 731 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 731 10 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 731 11 leader leader NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 731 12 sequence sequence NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 731 13 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 731 14 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 731 15 transcription transcription NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 731 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 731 17 Lai Lai NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 731 18 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 731 19 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 731 20 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 732 1 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 732 2 1982a 1982a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 732 3 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 732 4 Spaan Spaan NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 732 5 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 732 6 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 732 7 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 732 8 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 732 9 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 732 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 732 11 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 733 1 1 1 LS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 733 2 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 734 1 Such such PDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 734 2 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 734 3 leader leader NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 734 4 could could MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 734 5 act act VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 734 6 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 734 7 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 734 8 primer primer NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 734 9 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 734 10 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 734 11 initiation initiation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 734 12 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 734 13 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 734 14 transcription transcription NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 734 15 along along IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 734 16 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 734 17 full full JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 734 18 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 734 19 length length NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 734 20 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 734 21 negative negative JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 734 22 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 734 23 strand strand NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 734 24 template template NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 734 25 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 735 1 2 2 LS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 735 2 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 736 1 Alternatively alternatively RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 736 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 736 3 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 736 4 leader leader NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 736 5 sequence sequence NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 736 6 could could MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 736 7 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 736 8 fused fuse VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 736 9 onto onto IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 736 10 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 736 11 5 5 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 736 12 ' ' NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 736 13 end end NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 736 14 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 736 15 newly newly RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 736 16 synthesized synthesize VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 736 17 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 736 18 transcripts transcript NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 736 19 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 737 1 This this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 737 2 sequence sequence NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 737 3 could could MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 737 4 come come VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 737 5 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 737 6 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 737 7 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 737 8 cellular cellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 737 9 RNA rna NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 737 10 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 738 1 3 3 LS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 738 2 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 739 1 An an DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 739 2 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 739 3 polymerase polymerase NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 739 4 jumping jumping NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 739 5 mechanism mechanism NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 739 6 could could MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 739 7 explain explain VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 739 8 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 739 9 common common JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 739 10 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 739 11 sequences sequence NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 739 12 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 739 13 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 739 14 5 5 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 739 15 ' ' NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 739 16 end end NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 739 17 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 739 18 each each DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 739 19 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 739 20 mRNA mrna NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 739 21 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 739 22 genomic genomic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 739 23 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 739 24 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 740 1 Thus thus RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 740 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 740 3 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 740 4 short short JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 740 5 segment segment NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 740 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 740 7 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 740 8 5 5 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 740 9 ' ' POS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 740 10 region region NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 740 11 would would MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 740 12 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 740 13 transcribed transcribe VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 740 14 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 740 15 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 740 16 3 3 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 740 17 ' ' NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 740 18 end end NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 740 19 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 740 20 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 740 21 negative negative JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 740 22 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 740 23 strand strand NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 740 24 template template NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 740 25 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 740 26 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 740 27 then then RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 740 28 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 740 29 polymerase polymerase NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 740 30 would would MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 740 31 translocate translocate VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 740 32 through through IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 740 33 intervening intervene VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 740 34 sequences sequence NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 740 35 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 740 36 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 740 37 negative negative JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 740 38 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 740 39 strand strand NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 740 40 template template NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 740 41 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 740 42 resume resume VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 740 43 transcription transcription NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 740 44 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 740 45 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 740 46 beginning beginning NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 740 47 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 740 48 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 740 49 particular particular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 740 50 cistron cistron NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 740 51 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 741 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 741 2 UV uv NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 741 3 transcription transcription NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 741 4 data datum NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 741 5 do do VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 741 6 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 741 7 contradict contradict VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 741 8 any any DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 741 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 741 10 these these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 741 11 models model NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 741 12 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 741 13 since since IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 741 14 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 741 15 leader leader NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 741 16 sequence sequence NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 741 17 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 741 18 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 741 19 too too RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 741 20 small small JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 741 21 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 741 22 target target NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 741 23 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 741 24 have have VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 741 25 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 741 26 detected detect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 741 27 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 742 1 Some some DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 742 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 742 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 742 4 early early JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 742 5 studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 742 6 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 742 7 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 742 8 replication replication NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 742 9 emphasized emphasize VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 742 10 ultrastructural ultrastructural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 742 11 changes change NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 742 12 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 742 13 infected infected JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 742 14 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 742 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 742 16 Svoboda Svoboda NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 742 17 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 742 18 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 742 19 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 742 20 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 742 21 1962 1962 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 742 22 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 742 23 Tanaka Tanaka NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 742 24 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 742 25 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 742 26 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 743 1 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 743 2 1962 1962 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 743 3 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 743 4 David David NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 743 5 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 743 6 Ferreira Ferreira NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 743 7 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 743 8 Manaker Manaker NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 743 9 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 743 10 1965 1965 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 743 11 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 743 12 Hamre Hamre NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 743 13 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 743 14 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 743 15 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 743 16 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 743 17 1967 1967 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 743 18 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 743 19 Becker Becker NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 743 20 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 743 21 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 743 22 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 743 23 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 743 24 1967 1967 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 743 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 743 26 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 744 1 All all DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 744 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 744 3 these these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 744 4 studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 744 5 showed show VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 744 6 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 744 7 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 744 8 entire entire JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 744 9 replicative replicative JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 744 10 cycle cycle NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 744 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 744 12 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 744 13 occurred occur VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 744 14 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 744 15 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 744 16 cytoplasm cytoplasm NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 744 17 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 745 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 745 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 745 3 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 745 4 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 745 5 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 745 6 shown show VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 745 7 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 745 8 replicate replicate VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 745 9 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 745 10 enucleated enucleated JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 745 11 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 746 1 Wilhelmsen Wilhelmsen NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 746 2 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 746 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 746 4 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 746 5 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 746 6 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 746 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 746 8 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 746 9 although although IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 746 10 replication replication NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 746 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 746 12 IBV IBV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 746 13 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 746 14 enucleated enucleate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 746 15 BHK-21 BHK-21 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 746 16 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 746 17 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 746 18 significantly significantly RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 746 19 reduced reduce VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 746 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 746 21 Evans Evans NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 746 22 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 746 23 Simpson Simpson NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 746 24 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 746 25 1980 1980 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 746 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 746 27 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 747 1 Ultrastructural Ultrastructural NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 747 2 studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 747 3 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 747 4 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 747 5 binding binding NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 747 6 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 747 7 penetration penetration NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 747 8 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 747 9 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 747 10 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 747 11 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 747 12 described describe VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 747 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 747 14 Section section NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 747 15 II1,B.I. II1,B.I. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 748 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 748 2 early early JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 748 3 morphological morphological JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 748 4 events event NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 748 5 associated associate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 748 6 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 748 7 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 748 8 infection infection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 748 9 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 748 10 rather rather RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 748 11 nonspecific nonspecific JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 748 12 ones one NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 748 13 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 748 14 such such JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 748 15 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 748 16 increase increase NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 748 17 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 748 18 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 748 19 membranes membrane NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 748 20 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 748 21 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 748 22 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 748 23 size size NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 748 24 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 748 25 polysomes polysome NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 748 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 748 27 David David NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 748 28 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 748 29 Ferreira Ferreira NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 748 30 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 748 31 Manaker Manaker NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 748 32 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 748 33 1965 1965 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 748 34 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 748 35 Sebesin Sebesin NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 748 36 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 748 37 197 197 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 748 38 1 1 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 748 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 748 40 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 1 Toward toward IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 2 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 3 end end NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 5 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 6 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 7 latent latent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 8 period period NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 9 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 10 about about RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 11 6 6 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 12 - - SYM cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 13 7 7 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 14 hours hour NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 15 postinfection postinfection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 16 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 17 spherical spherical JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 18 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 19 approximately approximately RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 20 60 60 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 21 - - SYM cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 22 100 100 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 23 nm nm NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 24 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 25 diameter diameter NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 26 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 27 observed observe VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 28 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 29 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 30 lumens lumen NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 31 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 32 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 33 rough rough JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 34 endoplasmic endoplasmic NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 35 reticulum reticulum NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 36 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 37 Golgi Golgi NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 38 apparatus apparatus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 39 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 40 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 41 smooth smooth JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 42 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 43 walled walled JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 44 vesicles vesicle NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 46 David David NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 47 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 48 Ferreira Ferreira NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 49 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 50 Manaker Manaker NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 51 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 52 1965 1965 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 53 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 54 Massalski Massalski NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 55 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 56 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 57 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 58 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 59 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 60 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 61 Ducatelle Ducatelle NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 62 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 63 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 749 64 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 750 1 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 750 2 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 750 3 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 750 4 Dubois Dubois NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 750 5 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 750 6 Dalcq Dalcq NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 750 7 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 750 8 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 750 9 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 750 10 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 750 11 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 750 12 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 750 13 Fig Fig NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 750 14 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 750 15 19a 19a NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 750 16 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 750 17 c c NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 750 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 750 19 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 751 1 In in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 751 2 most most JJS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 751 3 instances instance NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 751 4 these these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 751 5 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 751 6 had have VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 751 7 electron electron NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 751 8 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 751 9 lucent lucent NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 751 10 centers center NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 751 11 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 751 12 electron electron NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 751 13 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 751 14 dense dense JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 751 15 granular granular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 751 16 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 751 17 tubular tubular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 751 18 nucleocapsids nucleocapsid NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 751 19 associated associate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 751 20 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 751 21 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 751 22 inner inner JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 751 23 surface surface NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 751 24 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 751 25 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 751 26 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 751 27 envelope envelope NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 751 28 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 752 1 Tubular tubular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 752 2 nucleocapsids nucleocapsid NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 752 3 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 752 4 also also RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 752 5 observed observe VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 752 6 under under IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 752 7 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 752 8 membranes membrane NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 752 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 752 10 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 752 11 rough rough JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 752 12 endoplasmic endoplasmic NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 752 13 reticulum reticulum NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 752 14 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 752 15 Golgi Golgi NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 752 16 apparatus apparatus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 752 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 752 18 Oshiro Oshiro NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 752 19 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 752 20 1973 1973 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 752 21 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 752 22 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 752 23 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 752 24 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 752 25 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 752 26 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 752 27 1981a 1981a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 752 28 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 752 29 Massalski Massalski NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 752 30 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 752 31 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 752 32 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 753 1 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 753 2 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 753 3 Massalski Massalski NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 753 4 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 753 5 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 753 6 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 754 1 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 754 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 754 3 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 754 4 Dubois Dubois NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 754 5 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 754 6 Dalcq Dalcq NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 754 7 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 754 8 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 754 9 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 755 1 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 755 2 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 755 3 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 755 4 Fig Fig NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 755 5 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 756 1 19B 19B NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 756 2 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 756 3 C C NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 756 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 756 5 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 757 1 Chasey Chasey NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 757 2 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 757 3 Alexander Alexander NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 757 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 757 5 1976 1976 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 757 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 757 7 showed show VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 757 8 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 757 9 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 757 10 envelopes envelope NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 757 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 757 12 budding bud VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 757 13 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 757 14 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 757 15 covered cover VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 757 16 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 757 17 peplomers peplomer NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 757 18 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 758 1 During during IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 758 2 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 758 3 early early JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 758 4 stages stage NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 758 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 758 6 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 758 7 infection infection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 758 8 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 758 9 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 758 10 appeared appear VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 758 11 singly singly RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 758 12 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 758 13 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 758 14 small small JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 758 15 clusters cluster NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 758 16 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 758 17 whereas whereas IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 758 18 later later RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 758 19 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 758 20 infection infection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 758 21 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 758 22 scores score NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 758 23 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 758 24 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 758 25 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 758 26 found find VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 758 27 within within IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 758 28 large large JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 758 29 vesicles vesicle NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 758 30 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 758 31 occasionally occasionally RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 758 32 within within IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 758 33 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 758 34 lumen lumen NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 758 35 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 758 36 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 758 37 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 758 38 membrane membrane NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 758 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 758 40 Fig Fig NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 758 41 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 758 42 20 20 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 758 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 758 44 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 759 1 Budding bud VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 759 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 759 3 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 759 4 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 759 5 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 759 6 plasma plasma NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 759 7 membrane membrane NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 759 8 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 759 9 almost almost RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 759 10 never never RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 759 11 visualized visualize VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 759 12 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 760 1 An an DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 760 2 exception exception NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 760 3 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 760 4 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 760 5 single single JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 760 6 particle particle NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 760 7 visulaized visulaize VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 760 8 several several JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 760 9 days day NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 760 10 after after IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 760 11 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 760 12 infection infection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 760 13 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 760 14 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 760 15 neural neural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 760 16 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 760 17 culture culture NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 760 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 760 19 Dubois Dubois NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 760 20 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 760 21 Dalcq Dalcq NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 760 22 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 760 23 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 760 24 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 760 25 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 760 26 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 760 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 760 28 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 761 1 Although although IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 761 2 Sugiyama Sugiyama NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 761 3 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 761 4 Amano Amano NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 761 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 761 6 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 761 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 761 8 reported report VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 761 9 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 761 10 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 761 11 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 761 12 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 761 13 budding bud VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 761 14 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 761 15 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 761 16 plasma plasma NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 761 17 membrane membrane NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 761 18 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 761 19 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 761 20 scanning scanning NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 761 21 electron electron NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 761 22 microscopic microscopic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 761 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 761 24 SEMI semi JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 761 25 images image NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 761 26 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 761 27 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 761 28 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 761 29 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 761 30 resolution resolution NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 761 31 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 761 32 demonstrate demonstrate VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 761 33 budding bud VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 761 34 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 762 1 In in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 762 2 some some DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 762 3 studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 762 4 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 762 5 although although IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 762 6 numerous numerous JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 762 7 intraluminal intraluminal JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 762 8 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 762 9 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 762 10 observed observe VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 762 11 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 762 12 no no DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 762 13 budding bud VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 762 14 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 762 15 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 762 16 detected detect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 762 17 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 763 1 Detection detection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 763 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 763 3 budding bud VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 763 4 images image NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 763 5 apparently apparently RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 763 6 depended depend VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 763 7 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 763 8 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 763 9 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 763 10 strain strain NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 763 11 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 763 12 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 763 13 host host NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 763 14 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 763 15 type type NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 763 16 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 763 17 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 763 18 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 763 19 time time NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 763 20 after after IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 763 21 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 763 22 inoculation inoculation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 763 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 763 24 Watanabe Watanabe NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 763 25 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 763 26 1969 1969 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 763 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 763 28 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 764 1 Budding bud VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 764 2 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 764 3 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 764 4 most most RBS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 764 5 likely likely JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 764 6 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 764 7 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 764 8 detected detect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 764 9 late late RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 764 10 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 764 11 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 764 12 infectious infectious JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 764 13 cycle cycle NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 764 14 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 765 1 This this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 765 2 suggests suggest VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 765 3 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 765 4 these these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 765 5 images image NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 765 6 represent represent VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 765 7 arrested arrest VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 765 8 buds bud NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 765 9 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 765 10 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 765 11 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 765 12 during during IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 765 13 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 765 14 early early JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 765 15 stages stage NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 765 16 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 765 17 infection infection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 765 18 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 765 19 budding bud VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 765 20 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 765 21 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 765 22 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 765 23 very very RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 765 24 rapid rapid JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 765 25 process process NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 765 26 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 766 1 Several several JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 766 2 investigators investigator NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 766 3 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 766 4 suggested suggest VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 766 5 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 766 6 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 766 7 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 766 8 released release VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 766 9 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 766 10 lysis lysis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 766 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 766 12 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 766 13 infected infected JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 766 14 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 766 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 766 16 Hamre Hamre NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 766 17 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 766 18 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 766 19 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 766 20 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 766 21 1967 1967 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 766 22 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 766 23 Oshiro Oshiro NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 766 24 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 766 25 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 766 26 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 766 27 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 766 28 1971 1971 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 766 29 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 766 30 Takeuchi Takeuchi NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 766 31 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 766 32 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 766 33 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 766 34 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 766 35 1976 1976 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 766 36 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 766 37 Chasey Chasey NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 766 38 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 766 39 Alexander Alexander NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 766 40 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 766 41 1976 1976 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 766 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 766 43 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 767 1 Release release NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 767 2 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 767 3 fusion fusion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 767 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 767 5 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 767 6 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 767 7 filled fill VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 767 8 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 767 9 smooth smooth JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 767 10 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 767 11 walled walled JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 767 12 vesicles vesicle NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 767 13 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 767 14 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 767 15 plasma plasma NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 767 16 membrane membrane NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 767 17 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 767 18 also also RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 767 19 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 767 20 observed observe VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 768 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 768 2 Doughri Doughri NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 768 3 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 768 4 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 768 5 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 768 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 768 7 1976 1976 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 768 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 768 9 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 769 1 When when WRB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 769 2 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 769 3 kinetics kinetic NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 769 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 769 5 release release NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 769 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 769 7 infectious infectious JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 769 8 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 769 9 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 769 10 correlated correlate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 769 11 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 769 12 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 769 13 lysis lysis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 769 14 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 769 15 microcinematography microcinematography NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 769 16 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 769 17 however however RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 769 18 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 769 19 it -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 769 20 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 769 21 apparent apparent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 769 22 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 769 23 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 769 24 infectious infectious JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 769 25 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 769 26 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 769 27 released release VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 769 28 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 769 29 intact intact JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 769 30 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 769 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 769 32 K. K. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 769 33 V. V. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 769 34 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 769 35 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 769 36 unpublished unpublished JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 769 37 observations observation NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 769 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 769 39 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 770 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 770 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 770 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 770 4 appears appear VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 770 5 that that DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 770 6 release release NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 770 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 770 8 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 770 9 depends depend VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 770 10 upon upon IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 770 11 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 770 12 good good JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 770 13 condition condition NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 770 14 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 770 15 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 770 16 host host NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 770 17 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 770 18 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 771 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 771 2 generally generally RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 771 3 accepted accept VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 771 4 mechanism mechanism NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 771 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 771 6 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 771 7 release release NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 771 8 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 771 9 infected infected JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 771 10 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 771 11 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 771 12 via via IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 771 13 fusion fusion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 771 14 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 771 15 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 771 16 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 771 17 filled fill VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 771 18 vesicles vesicle NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 771 19 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 771 20 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 771 21 plasma plasma NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 771 22 membrane membrane NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 772 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 772 2 Doughri Doughri NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 772 3 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 772 4 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 772 5 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 772 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 772 7 1976 1976 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 772 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 772 9 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 773 1 Thus thus RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 773 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 773 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 773 4 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 773 5 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 773 6 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 773 7 released release VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 773 8 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 773 9 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 773 10 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 773 11 utilizing utilize VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 773 12 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 773 13 cellular cellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 773 14 transport transport NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 773 15 mechanism mechanism NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 773 16 developed develop VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 773 17 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 773 18 secretion secretion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 773 19 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 773 20 exocytosis exocytosis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 773 21 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 773 22 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 773 23 contents content NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 773 24 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 773 25 secretory secretory JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 773 26 vesicles vesicle NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 773 27 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 774 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 774 2 n n CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 774 3 uiuo uiuo NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 774 4 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 774 5 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 774 6 target target NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 774 7 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 774 8 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 774 9 replication replication NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 774 10 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 774 11 many many JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 774 12 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 774 13 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 774 14 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 774 15 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 774 16 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 774 17 tight tight JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 774 18 junctions junction NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 774 19 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 774 20 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 774 21 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 774 22 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 774 23 gastrointestinal gastrointestinal JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 774 24 tract tract NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 774 25 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 775 1 In in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 775 2 polarized polarized JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 775 3 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 775 4 such such JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 775 5 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 775 6 these these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 775 7 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 775 8 influenza influenza NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 775 9 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 775 10 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 775 11 VSV VSV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 775 12 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 775 13 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 775 14 shown show VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 775 15 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 775 16 bud bud NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 775 17 specifically specifically RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 775 18 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 775 19 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 775 20 apical apical JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 775 21 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 775 22 basilar basilar JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 775 23 plasma plasma NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 775 24 membranes membrane NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 775 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 775 26 Rodriguez Rodriguez NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 775 27 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 775 28 Boulan Boulan NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 775 29 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 775 30 Sabatini Sabatini NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 775 31 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 775 32 1978 1978 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 775 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 775 34 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 776 1 There there EX cord-338307-vfutmwxq 776 2 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 776 3 as as RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 776 4 yet yet RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 776 5 little little JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 776 6 evidence evidence NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 776 7 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 776 8 show show VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 776 9 whether whether IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 776 10 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 776 11 fusion fusion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 776 12 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 776 13 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 776 14 plasma plasma NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 776 15 membrane membrane NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 776 16 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 776 17 vesicles vesicle NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 776 18 filled fill VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 776 19 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 776 20 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 776 21 exhibits exhibit VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 776 22 specificity specificity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 776 23 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 776 24 basal basal NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 776 25 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 776 26 apical apical JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 776 27 membranes membrane NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 776 28 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 777 1 Secretory secretory JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 777 2 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 777 3 do do VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 777 4 demonstrate demonstrate VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 777 5 strong strong JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 777 6 polarity polarity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 777 7 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 777 8 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 777 9 direction direction NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 777 10 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 777 11 secretion secretion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 777 12 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 777 13 cellular cellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 777 14 secretory secretory JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 777 15 products product NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 777 16 such such JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 777 17 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 777 18 enzymes enzyme NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 777 19 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 777 20 pancreatic pancreatic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 777 21 acinar acinar NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 777 22 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 777 23 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 778 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 778 2 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 778 3 possible possible JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 778 4 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 778 5 some some DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 778 6 polarity polarity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 778 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 778 8 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 778 9 release release NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 778 10 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 778 11 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 778 12 identified identify VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 778 13 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 779 1 To to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 779 2 date date NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 779 3 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 779 4 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 779 5 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 779 6 only only JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 779 7 study study NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 779 8 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 779 9 addresses address VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 779 10 this this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 779 11 point point NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 779 12 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 779 13 Doughri Doughri NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 779 14 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 779 15 Storz Storz NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 779 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 779 17 1977 1977 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 779 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 779 19 observed observe VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 779 20 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 779 21 porcine porcine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 779 22 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 779 23 could could MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 779 24 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 779 25 seen see VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 779 26 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 779 27 both both CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 779 28 apical apical JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 779 29 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 779 30 basal basal JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 779 31 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 779 32 surfaces surface NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 779 33 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 779 34 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 779 35 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 779 36 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 779 37 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 780 1 FIG FIG NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 780 2 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 781 1 20 20 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 781 2 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 782 1 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 782 2 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 782 3 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 782 4 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 782 5 rough rough JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 782 6 endoplasmic endoplasmic NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 782 7 reticulum reticulum NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 782 8 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 782 9 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 782 10 envelope envelope NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 782 11 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 783 1 Late late RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 783 2 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 783 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 783 4 infectious infectious JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 783 5 cycle cycle NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 783 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 783 7 numerous numerous JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 783 8 spherical spherical JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 783 9 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 783 10 accumulate accumulate VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 783 11 within within IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 783 12 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 783 13 rough rough JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 783 14 endoplasmic endoplasmic NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 783 15 reticulum reticulum NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 783 16 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 783 17 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 783 18 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 783 19 envelope envelope NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 783 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 783 21 N N NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 783 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 783 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 783 24 arrows arrow NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 783 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 783 26 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 784 1 ~3 ~3 NFP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 784 2 6 6 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 784 3 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 784 4 0 0 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 784 5 0 0 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 784 6 0 0 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 784 7 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 785 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 785 2 From from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 785 3 J. J. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 785 4 N. N. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 785 5 Behnke Behnke NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 785 6 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 785 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 786 1 Late late RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 786 2 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 786 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 786 4 infectious infectious JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 786 5 cycle cycle NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 786 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 786 7 it -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 786 8 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 786 9 common common JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 786 10 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 786 11 find find VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 786 12 very very RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 786 13 large large JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 786 14 numbers number NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 786 15 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 786 16 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 786 17 adsorbed adsorb VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 786 18 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 786 19 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 786 20 surface surface NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 786 21 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 786 22 infected infected JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 786 23 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 786 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 786 25 Oshiro Oshiro NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 786 26 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 786 27 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 786 28 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 787 1 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 787 2 1971 1971 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 787 3 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 787 4 Oshiro Oshiro NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 787 5 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 787 6 1973 1973 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 787 7 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 787 8 Doughri Doughri NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 787 9 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 787 10 Storz Storz NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 787 11 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 787 12 1977 1977 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 787 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 787 14 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 788 1 Scanning scanning NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 788 2 electron electron NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 788 3 microscopy microscopy NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 788 4 showed show VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 788 5 these these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 788 6 most most RBS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 788 7 effectively effectively RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 788 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 788 9 Sugiyama Sugiyama NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 788 10 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 788 11 Amano Amano NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 788 12 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 788 13 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 789 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 789 2 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 789 3 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 789 4 clear clear JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 789 5 what what WP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 789 6 function function NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 789 7 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 789 8 if if IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 789 9 any any DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 789 10 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 789 11 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 789 12 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 789 13 served serve VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 789 14 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 789 15 this this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 789 16 adsorption adsorption NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 789 17 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 789 18 infected infected JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 789 19 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 789 20 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 790 1 Most Most JJS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 790 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 790 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 790 4 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 790 5 appeared appear VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 790 6 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 790 7 remain remain VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 790 8 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 790 9 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 790 10 surface surface NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 790 11 without without IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 790 12 being be VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 790 13 internalized internalize VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 790 14 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 790 15 although although IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 790 16 some some DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 790 17 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 790 18 found find VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 790 19 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 790 20 lysosomes lysosome NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 790 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 790 22 Sabesin Sabesin NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 790 23 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 790 24 1971 1971 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 790 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 790 26 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 791 1 Characteristic characteristic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 791 2 features feature NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 791 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 791 4 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 791 5 infection infection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 791 6 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 791 7 vacuolization vacuolization NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 791 8 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 791 9 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 791 10 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 791 11 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 791 12 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 791 13 induced induce VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 791 14 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 791 15 fusion fusion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 791 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 791 17 Oshiro Oshiro NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 791 18 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 791 19 1973 1973 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 791 20 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 791 21 McIntosh McIntosh NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 791 22 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 791 23 1974 1974 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 791 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 791 25 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 792 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 792 2 time time NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 792 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 792 4 appearance appearance NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 792 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 792 6 these these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 792 7 depended depend VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 792 8 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 792 9 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 792 10 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 792 11 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 792 12 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 792 13 host host NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 792 14 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 792 15 type type NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 792 16 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 793 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 793 2 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 793 3 noteworthy noteworthy JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 793 4 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 793 5 large large JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 793 6 intracytoplasmic intracytoplasmic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 793 7 inclusions inclusion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 793 8 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 793 9 nu- nu- DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 793 10 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 793 11 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 793 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 794 1 cleocapsids cleocapsid NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 794 2 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 794 3 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 794 4 observed observe VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 794 5 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 794 6 most most JJS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 794 7 early early JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 794 8 studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 794 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 794 10 coronavirusinfected coronavirusinfected JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 794 11 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 794 12 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 795 1 Caul Caul NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 795 2 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 795 3 Egglestone Egglestone NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 795 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 795 5 1977 1977 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 795 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 795 7 did do VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 795 8 observe observe VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 795 9 such such JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 795 10 inclusions inclusion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 795 11 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 795 12 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 795 13 infected infect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 795 14 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 795 15 HECV HECV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 795 16 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 795 17 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 795 18 others other NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 795 19 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 795 20 seen see VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 795 21 them -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 795 22 also also RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 795 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 795 24 Watanabe Watanabe NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 795 25 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 795 26 1969 1969 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 795 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 795 28 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 796 1 Massalski Massalski NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 796 2 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 796 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 796 4 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 797 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 797 2 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 797 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 797 4 suggested suggest VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 797 5 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 797 6 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 797 7 inclusions inclusion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 797 8 accumulate accumulate VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 797 9 after after IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 797 10 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 797 11 cessation cessation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 797 12 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 797 13 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 797 14 budding bud VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 797 15 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 798 1 Dubois Dubois NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 798 2 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 798 3 Dalcq Dalcq NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 798 4 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 798 5 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 798 6 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 799 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 799 2 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 799 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 799 4 showed show VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 799 5 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 799 6 several several JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 799 7 types type NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 799 8 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 799 9 inclusions inclusion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 799 10 that that WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 799 11 could could MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 799 12 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 799 13 produced produce VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 799 14 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 799 15 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 799 16 intracytoplasmic intracytoplasmic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 799 17 nucleocapsids nucleocapsid NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 799 18 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 799 19 different different JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 799 20 strains strain NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 799 21 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 799 22 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 799 23 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 799 24 differentiated differentiate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 799 25 cultures culture NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 799 26 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 799 27 central central JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 799 28 nervous nervous JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 799 29 system system NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 799 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 799 31 CNS CNS NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 799 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 799 33 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 799 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 799 35 Fig fig NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 799 36 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 800 1 19D 19D NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 800 2 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 800 3 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 800 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 800 5 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 801 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 801 2 also also RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 801 3 found find VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 801 4 an an DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 801 5 increase increase NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 801 6 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 801 7 " " `` cord-338307-vfutmwxq 801 8 myelin myelin JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 801 9 figures figure NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 801 10 " " '' cord-338307-vfutmwxq 801 11 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 801 12 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 801 13 cytoplasm cytoplasm NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 801 14 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 801 15 MHV mhv NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 801 16 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 801 17 infected infect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 801 18 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 801 19 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 802 1 Additional additional JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 802 2 features feature NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 802 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 802 4 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 802 5 CPE CPE NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 802 6 included include VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 802 7 several several JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 802 8 types type NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 802 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 802 10 intracytoplasmic intracytoplasmic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 802 11 inclusions inclusion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 802 12 whose whose WP$ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 802 13 origins origin NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 802 14 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 802 15 functions function NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 802 16 remain remain VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 802 17 unclear unclear JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 802 18 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 803 1 David David NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 803 2 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 803 3 Ferreira Ferreira NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 803 4 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 803 5 Manaker Manaker NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 803 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 803 7 1965 1965 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 803 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 803 9 found find VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 803 10 " " `` cord-338307-vfutmwxq 803 11 reticular reticular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 803 12 inclusions inclusion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 803 13 " " '' cord-338307-vfutmwxq 803 14 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 803 15 MHV mhv NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 803 16 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 803 17 infected infect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 803 18 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 803 19 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 804 1 These these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 804 2 consisted consisted NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 804 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 804 4 masses masse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 804 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 804 6 interconnected interconnected JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 804 7 tubules tubule NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 804 8 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 804 9 smooth smooth JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 804 10 membranes membrane NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 804 11 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 804 12 continuity continuity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 804 13 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 804 14 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 804 15 rough rough JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 804 16 endoplasmic endoplasmic NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 804 17 reticulum reticulum NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 804 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 804 19 Fig Fig NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 804 20 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 804 21 21A 21a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 804 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 804 23 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 805 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 805 2 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 805 3 only only RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 805 4 occasionally occasionally RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 805 5 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 805 6 observed observe VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 805 7 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 805 8 other other JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 805 9 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 805 10 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 806 1 A a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 806 2 second second JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 806 3 type type NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 806 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 806 5 inclusion inclusion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 806 6 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 806 7 observed observe VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 806 8 near near IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 806 9 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 806 10 reticular reticular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 806 11 inclusions inclusion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 806 12 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 807 1 This this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 807 2 consisted consist VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 807 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 807 4 vacuoles vacuole NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 807 5 about about RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 807 6 200 200 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 807 7 nm nm CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 807 8 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 807 9 diameter diameter NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 807 10 containing contain VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 807 11 flexible flexible JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 807 12 coiled coiled JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 807 13 filaments filament NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 807 14 about about RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 807 15 30 30 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 807 16 nm nm NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 807 17 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 807 18 diameter diameter NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 807 19 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 808 1 These these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 808 2 filamentous filamentous JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 808 3 structures structure NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 808 4 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 808 5 surrounded surround VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 808 6 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 808 7 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 808 8 double double JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 808 9 membrane membrane NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 808 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 808 11 Fig Fig NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 808 12 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 808 13 21B 21b NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 808 14 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 808 15 David David NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 808 16 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 808 17 Ferreira Ferreira NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 808 18 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 808 19 Manaker Manaker NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 808 20 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 808 21 1965 1965 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 808 22 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 808 23 Takeuchi Takeuchi NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 808 24 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 808 25 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 808 26 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 808 27 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 808 28 1976 1976 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 808 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 808 30 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 809 1 Third third RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 809 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 809 3 " " `` cord-338307-vfutmwxq 809 4 tubular tubular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 809 5 inclusions inclusion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 809 6 " " '' cord-338307-vfutmwxq 809 7 consisting consist VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 809 8 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 809 9 interconnected interconnected JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 809 10 tubules tubule NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 809 11 16 16 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 809 12 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 809 13 25 25 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 809 14 nm nm NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 809 15 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 809 16 diameter diameter NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 809 17 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 809 18 observed observe VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 809 19 near near IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 809 20 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 809 21 reticular reticular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 809 22 inclusions inclusion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 809 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 809 24 David David NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 809 25 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 809 26 Ferriera Ferriera NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 809 27 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 809 28 Manaker Manaker NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 809 29 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 809 30 1965 1965 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 809 31 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 809 32 Watanabe Watanabe NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 809 33 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 809 34 1969 1969 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 809 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 809 36 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 810 1 Inclusions inclusion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 810 2 consisting consist VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 810 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 810 4 interconnected interconnected JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 810 5 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 810 6 within within IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 810 7 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 810 8 lumen lumen NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 810 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 810 10 smoothwalled smoothwalle VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 810 11 vesicles vesicle NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 810 12 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 810 13 also also RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 810 14 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 810 15 observed observe VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 811 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 811 2 Oshiro Oshiro NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 811 3 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 811 4 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 811 5 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 811 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 811 7 1971 1971 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 811 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 811 9 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 812 1 Within within IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 812 2 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 812 3 lumen lumen NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 812 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 812 5 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 812 6 rough rough JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 812 7 endoplasmic endoplasmic NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 812 8 reticulum reticulum NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 812 9 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 812 10 smooth smooth JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 812 11 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 812 12 walled walled JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 812 13 vesicles vesicle NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 812 14 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 812 15 long long RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 812 16 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 812 17 rigid rigid JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 812 18 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 812 19 cylindrical cylindrical JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 812 20 structures structure NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 812 21 about about IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 812 22 50 50 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 812 23 nm nm NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 812 24 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 812 25 diameter diameter NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 812 26 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 812 27 occasionally occasionally RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 812 28 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 812 29 detected detect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 812 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 812 31 Fig Fig NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 812 32 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 812 33 21C 21C NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 812 34 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 813 1 Dubois Dubois NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 813 2 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 813 3 Dalcq Dalcq NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 813 4 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 813 5 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 813 6 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 813 7 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 813 8 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 813 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 813 10 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 814 1 These these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 814 2 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 814 3 represent represent VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 814 4 an an DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 814 5 excess excess NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 814 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 814 7 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 814 8 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 814 9 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 814 10 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 814 11 since since IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 814 12 they -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 814 13 occur occur VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 814 14 frequently frequently RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 814 15 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 814 16 tunicamycin tunicamycin NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 814 17 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 814 18 treated treat VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 814 19 infected infected JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 814 20 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 814 21 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 814 22 where where WRB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 814 23 synthesis synthesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 814 24 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 814 25 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 814 26 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 814 27 greatly greatly RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 814 28 reduced reduce VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 814 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 815 1 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 815 2 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 815 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 815 4 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 815 5 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 815 6 1981a 1981a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 815 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 815 8 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 816 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 816 2 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 816 3 evident evident JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 816 4 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 816 5 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 816 6 preceding precede VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 816 7 descriptions description NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 816 8 that that WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 816 9 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 816 10 produce produce VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 816 11 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 816 12 wide wide JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 816 13 variety variety NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 816 14 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 816 15 effects effect NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 816 16 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 816 17 different different JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 816 18 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 816 19 types type NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 816 20 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 817 1 Further further JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 817 2 studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 817 3 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 817 4 needed need VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 817 5 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 817 6 determine determine VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 817 7 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 817 8 composition composition NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 817 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 817 10 these these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 817 11 different different JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 817 12 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 817 13 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 817 14 associated associate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 817 15 structures structure NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 817 16 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 818 1 In in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 818 2 other other JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 818 3 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 818 4 systems system NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 818 5 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 818 6 conditional conditional JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 818 7 lethal lethal JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 818 8 mutants mutant NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 818 9 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 818 10 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 818 11 important important JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 818 12 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 818 13 elucidating elucidate VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 818 14 many many JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 818 15 steps step NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 818 16 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 818 17 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 818 18 replication replication NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 818 19 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 819 1 With with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 819 2 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 819 3 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 819 4 this this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 819 5 effort effort NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 819 6 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 819 7 still still RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 819 8 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 819 9 an an DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 819 10 early early JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 819 11 stage stage NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 819 12 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 820 1 Although although IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 820 2 many many JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 820 3 variants variant NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 820 4 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 820 5 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 820 6 isolated isolate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 820 7 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 820 8 natural natural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 820 9 infections infection NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 820 10 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 821 1 there there EX cord-338307-vfutmwxq 821 2 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 821 3 few few JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 821 4 well well JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 821 5 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 821 6 charac charac NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 821 7 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 821 8 terized terize VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 821 9 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 821 10 chemically chemically RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 821 11 induced induce VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 821 12 mutants mutant NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 821 13 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 821 14 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 821 15 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 822 1 Recently recently RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 822 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 822 3 several several JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 822 4 groups group NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 822 5 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 822 6 obtained obtain VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 822 7 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 822 8 partially partially RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 822 9 characterized characterize VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 822 10 temperature temperature NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 822 11 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 822 12 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 822 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 822 14 ts ts NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 822 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 822 16 mutants mutant NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 822 17 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 822 18 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 822 19 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 823 1 Almost almost RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 823 2 all all DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 823 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 823 4 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 823 5 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 823 6 mutants mutant NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 823 7 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 823 8 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 823 9 selected select VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 823 10 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 823 11 failure failure NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 823 12 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 823 13 induce induce VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 823 14 syncytium syncytium NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 823 15 formation formation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 823 16 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 824 1 Unfortunately unfortunately RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 824 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 824 3 most most JJS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 824 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 824 5 these these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 824 6 mutants mutant NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 824 7 grow grow VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 824 8 rather rather RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 824 9 poorly poorly RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 824 10 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 824 11 even even RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 824 12 under under IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 824 13 permissive permissive JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 824 14 conditions condition NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 824 15 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 825 1 There there EX cord-338307-vfutmwxq 825 2 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 825 3 few few JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 825 4 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 825 5 if if IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 825 6 any any DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 825 7 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 825 8 chemically chemically RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 825 9 induced induce VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 825 10 mutants mutant NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 825 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 825 12 other other JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 825 13 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 825 14 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 826 1 Clearly clearly RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 826 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 826 3 other other JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 826 4 phenotypes phenotype NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 826 5 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 826 6 additional additional JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 826 7 mutants mutant NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 826 8 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 826 9 needed need VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 826 10 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 827 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 827 2 first first JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 827 3 collections collection NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 827 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 827 5 chemically chemically RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 827 6 induced induce VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 827 7 mutants mutant NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 827 8 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 827 9 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 827 10 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 827 11 JHM JHM NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 827 12 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 827 13 made make VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 827 14 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 827 15 Haspel Haspel NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 827 16 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 827 17 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 827 18 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 828 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 828 2 1978 1978 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 828 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 828 4 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 828 5 5-azacytidine 5-azacytidine CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 828 6 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 828 7 5-fluorouracil 5-fluorouracil CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 828 8 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 828 9 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 828 10 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 828 11 Robb Robb NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 828 12 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 828 13 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 828 14 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 829 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 829 2 1979 1979 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 829 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 829 4 using use VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 829 5 N n CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 829 6 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 829 7 methyl methyl NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 829 8 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 829 9 N'-nitrosoguanidine n'-nitrosoguanidine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 829 10 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 829 11 5fluorouracil 5fluorouracil CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 829 12 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 830 1 Temperature temperature NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 830 2 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 830 3 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 830 4 mutants mutant NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 830 5 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 830 6 selected select VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 830 7 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 830 8 failure failure NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 830 9 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 830 10 induce induce VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 830 11 fusion fusion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 830 12 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 830 13 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 830 14 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 830 15 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 830 16 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 830 17 nonpermissive nonpermissive JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 830 18 temperature temperature NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 830 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 830 20 39.5 39.5 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 830 21 " " '' cord-338307-vfutmwxq 830 22 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 830 23 385 385 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 830 24 ° ° NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 830 25 C c NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 830 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 830 27 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 831 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 831 2 majority majority NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 831 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 831 4 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 831 5 34 34 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 831 6 mutants mutant NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 831 7 identified identify VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 831 8 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 831 9 Robb Robb NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 831 10 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 831 11 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 831 12 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 831 13 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 831 14 found find VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 831 15 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 831 16 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 831 17 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 831 18 negative negative JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 831 19 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 832 1 Only only RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 832 2 three three CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 832 3 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 832 4 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 832 5 positive positive JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 832 6 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 832 7 exhibited exhibited JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 832 8 synthesis synthesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 832 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 832 10 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 832 11 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 832 12 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 833 1 Some some DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 833 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 833 3 these these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 833 4 mutants mutant NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 833 5 produced produce VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 833 6 altered alter VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 833 7 neuropathogenesis neuropathogenesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 833 8 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 833 9 mice mouse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 833 10 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 834 1 Leibowitz Leibowitz NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 834 2 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 834 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 834 4 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 835 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 835 2 1982a 1982a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 835 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 835 4 performed perform VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 835 5 complementation complementation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 835 6 analysis analysis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 835 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 835 8 37 37 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 835 9 ts ts NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 835 10 mutants mutant NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 835 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 835 12 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 835 13 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 835 14 JHM JHM NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 835 15 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 835 16 identified identify VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 835 17 seven seven CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 835 18 complementation complementation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 835 19 groups group NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 835 20 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 836 1 Six six CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 836 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 836 3 these these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 836 4 affected affect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 836 5 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 836 6 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 836 7 specific specific JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 836 8 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 836 9 synthesis synthesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 836 10 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 837 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 837 2 gene gene NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 837 3 product product NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 837 4 affected affect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 837 5 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 837 6 each each DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 837 7 mutation mutation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 837 8 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 837 9 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 837 10 yet yet RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 837 11 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 837 12 identified identify VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 837 13 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 838 1 Several several JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 838 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 838 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 838 4 mutants mutant NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 838 5 described describe VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 838 6 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 838 7 Haspel Haspel NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 838 8 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 838 9 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 838 10 co co NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 838 11 - - NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 838 12 workers worker NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 838 13 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 838 14 including include VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 838 15 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 838 16 ts8 ts8 JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 838 17 mutant mutant NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 838 18 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 838 19 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 838 20 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 838 21 particular particular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 838 22 interest interest NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 838 23 because because IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 838 24 they -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 838 25 induce induce VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 838 26 demyelination demyelination NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 838 27 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 838 28 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 838 29 much much RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 838 30 higher high JJR cord-338307-vfutmwxq 838 31 frequency frequency NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 838 32 than than IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 838 33 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 838 34 wild wild JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 838 35 type type NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 839 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 839 2 Haspel Haspel NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 839 3 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 839 4 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 839 5 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 840 1 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 840 2 1978 1978 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 840 3 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 840 4 Knobler Knobler NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 840 5 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 840 6 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 840 7 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 840 8 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 840 9 1981c 1981c CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 840 10 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 840 11 19821 19821 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 840 12 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 840 13 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 841 1 because because IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 841 2 they -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 841 3 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 841 4 form form VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 841 5 aberrant aberrant JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 841 6 inclusions inclusion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 841 7 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 841 8 CNS CNS NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 841 9 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 841 10 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 841 11 uitro uitro NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 841 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 841 13 Dubois Dubois NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 841 14 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 841 15 Dalcq Dalcq NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 841 16 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 841 17 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 841 18 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 841 19 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 841 20 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 841 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 841 22 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 842 1 Wege Wege NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 842 2 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 842 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 842 4 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 843 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 843 2 1981c 1981c CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 843 3 Wege Wege NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 843 4 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 843 5 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 843 6 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 844 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 844 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 844 3 1983 1983 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 844 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 844 5 also also RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 844 6 isolated isolate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 844 7 temperature temperature NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 844 8 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 844 9 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 844 10 mutants mutant NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 844 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 844 12 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 844 13 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 844 14 JHM JHM NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 844 15 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 844 16 5-fluorouracil 5-fluorouracil CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 844 17 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 844 18 found find VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 844 19 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 844 20 these these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 844 21 mutants mutant NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 844 22 caused cause VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 844 23 higher high JJR cord-338307-vfutmwxq 844 24 rates rate NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 844 25 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 844 26 subacute subacute JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 844 27 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 844 28 chronic chronic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 844 29 neurological neurological JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 844 30 diseases disease NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 844 31 than than IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 844 32 did do VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 844 33 wild wild JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 844 34 type type NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 844 35 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 844 36 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 844 37 suckling suckle VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 844 38 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 844 39 weanling weanle VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 844 40 rats rat NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 844 41 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 845 1 Twenty twenty CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 845 2 chemically chemically RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 845 3 induced induce VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 845 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 845 5 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 845 6 5-fluorouracil 5-fluorouracil CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 845 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 845 8 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 845 9 temperature temperature NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 845 10 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 845 11 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 845 12 mutants mutant NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 845 13 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 845 14 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 845 15 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 845 16 A59 A59 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 845 17 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 845 18 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 845 19 partially partially RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 845 20 characterized characterize VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 845 21 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 845 22 Koolen Koolen NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 845 23 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 845 24 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 845 25 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 846 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 846 2 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 846 3 Koolen Koolen NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 846 4 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 846 5 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 846 6 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 847 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 847 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 847 3 1983 1983 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 847 4 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 848 1 Most Most JJS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 848 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 848 3 these these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 848 4 mutants mutant NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 848 5 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 848 6 selected select VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 848 7 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 848 8 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 848 9 inability inability NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 848 10 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 848 11 induce induce VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 848 12 syncytium syncytium NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 848 13 formation formation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 848 14 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 848 15 40"C 40"c CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 848 16 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 848 17 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 848 18 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 848 19 negative negative JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 848 20 also also RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 848 21 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 849 1 Several several JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 849 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 849 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 849 4 mutants mutant NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 849 5 exhibited exhibit VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 849 6 altered alter VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 849 7 neuropathogenic neuropathogenic NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 849 8 properties property NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 849 9 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 850 1 A a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 850 2 variety variety NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 850 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 850 4 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 850 5 mutants mutant NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 850 6 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 850 7 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 850 8 isolated isolate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 850 9 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 850 10 persistently persistently RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 850 11 infected infect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 850 12 cultures culture NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 850 13 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 850 14 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 850 15 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 850 16 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 850 17 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 850 18 described describe VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 850 19 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 850 20 Section Section NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 850 21 II1,H. II1,H. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 850 22 Clearly clearly RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 850 23 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 850 24 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 850 25 potential potential JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 850 26 contributions contribution NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 850 27 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 850 28 these these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 850 29 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 850 30 other other JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 850 31 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 850 32 mutants mutant NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 850 33 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 850 34 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 850 35 study study NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 850 36 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 850 37 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 850 38 replication replication NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 850 39 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 850 40 enormous enormous JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 850 41 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 851 1 In in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 851 2 combination combination NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 851 3 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 851 4 cloning cloning NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 851 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 851 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 851 7 viral viral NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 851 8 mRNAs mrna NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 851 9 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 851 10 genomic genomic NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 851 11 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 851 12 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 851 13 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 851 14 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 851 15 being be VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 851 16 done do VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 851 17 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 851 18 several several JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 851 19 laboratories laboratory NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 851 20 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 851 21 mutants mutant NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 851 22 will will MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 851 23 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 851 24 invaluable invaluable JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 851 25 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 851 26 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 851 27 analysis analysis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 851 28 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 851 29 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 851 30 genetics genetics NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 851 31 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 851 32 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 851 33 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 851 34 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 851 35 replication replication NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 851 36 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 852 1 Coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 852 2 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 852 3 capable capable JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 852 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 852 5 inducing induce VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 852 6 persistent persistent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 852 7 infection infection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 852 8 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 852 9 animals animal NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 852 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 852 11 Robb Robb NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 852 12 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 852 13 Bond Bond NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 852 14 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 852 15 1979a 1979a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 852 16 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 853 1 Wege Wege NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 853 2 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 853 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 853 4 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 854 1 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 854 2 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 854 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 854 4 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 854 5 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 854 6 tissue tissue NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 854 7 cultures culture NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 854 8 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 855 1 Many many JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 855 2 persistent persistent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 855 3 infections infection NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 855 4 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 855 5 summarized summarize VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 855 6 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 855 7 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 855 8 Wurzburg Wurzburg NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 855 9 Symposium Symposium NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 855 10 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 855 11 Coronaviruses Coronaviruses NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 855 12 Siddell Siddell NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 855 13 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 855 14 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 855 15 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 855 16 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 855 17 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 855 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 855 19 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 856 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 856 2 salient salient JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 856 3 feature feature NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 856 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 856 5 these these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 856 6 infections infection NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 856 7 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 856 8 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 856 9 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 856 10 most most JJS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 856 11 cases case NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 856 12 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 856 13 majority majority NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 856 14 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 856 15 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 856 16 remained remain VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 856 17 antigen antigen NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 856 18 negative negative JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 856 19 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 856 20 yet yet CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 856 21 all all DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 856 22 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 856 23 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 856 24 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 856 25 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 856 26 resistant resistant JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 856 27 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 856 28 superinfection superinfection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 856 29 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 856 30 wild wild JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 856 31 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 856 32 type type NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 856 33 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 856 34 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 857 1 derived derive VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 857 2 cold cold JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 857 3 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 857 4 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 857 5 mutants mutant NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 857 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 857 7 JHM JHM NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 857 8 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 857 9 persistently persistently RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 857 10 infected infect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 857 11 neuroblastoma neuroblastoma NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 857 12 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 857 13 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 858 1 These these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 858 2 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 858 3 rescued rescue VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 858 4 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 858 5 latently latently RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 858 6 infected infect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 858 7 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 858 8 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 858 9 polyethylene polyethylene NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 858 10 glycol glycol NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 858 11 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 858 12 induced induce VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 858 13 fusion fusion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 858 14 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 858 15 permissive permissive JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 858 16 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 858 17 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 859 1 Hirano Hirano NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 859 2 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 859 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 859 4 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 860 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 860 2 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 860 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 860 4 obtained obtain VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 860 5 small small JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 860 6 plaque plaque NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 860 7 mutants mutant NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 860 8 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 860 9 JHM JHM NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 860 10 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 860 11 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 860 12 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 860 13 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 860 14 Behnke Behnke NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 860 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 860 16 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 860 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 860 18 isolated isolate VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 860 19 small small JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 860 20 plaque plaque NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 860 21 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 860 22 temperature temperature NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 860 23 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 860 24 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 860 25 mutants mutant NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 860 26 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 860 27 A59 A59 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 860 28 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 860 29 persistently persistently RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 860 30 infected infect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 860 31 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 860 32 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 861 1 These these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 861 2 mutants mutant NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 861 3 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 861 4 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 861 5 yet yet RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 861 6 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 861 7 fully fully RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 861 8 characterized characterize VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 861 9 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 862 1 In in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 862 2 order order NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 862 3 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 862 4 understand understand VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 862 5 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 862 6 balance balance NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 862 7 between between IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 862 8 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 862 9 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 862 10 host host NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 862 11 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 862 12 permits permit VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 862 13 this this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 862 14 persistent persistent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 862 15 infection infection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 862 16 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 862 17 it -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 862 18 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 862 19 necessary necessary JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 862 20 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 862 21 identify identify VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 862 22 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 862 23 host host NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 862 24 functions function NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 862 25 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 862 26 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 862 27 utilized utilize VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 862 28 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 862 29 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 862 30 viruses virus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 862 31 during during IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 862 32 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 862 33 replicative replicative JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 862 34 cycle cycle NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 862 35 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 862 36 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 862 37 characterize characterize VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 862 38 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 862 39 detail detail NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 862 40 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 862 41 controls control NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 862 42 exerted exert VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 862 43 upon upon IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 862 44 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 862 45 transcription transcription NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 862 46 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 862 47 translation translation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 862 48 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 863 1 There there EX cord-338307-vfutmwxq 863 2 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 863 3 important important JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 863 4 host host NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 863 5 controls control NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 863 6 over over IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 863 7 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 863 8 replication replication NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 863 9 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 863 10 several several JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 863 11 levels level NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 863 12 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 864 1 Immune immune JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 864 2 response response NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 864 3 genes gene NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 864 4 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 864 5 play play VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 864 6 an an DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 864 7 important important JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 864 8 role role NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 864 9 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 864 10 resistance resistance NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 864 11 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 864 12 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 864 13 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 864 14 induced induce VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 864 15 disease disease NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 864 16 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 865 1 However however RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 865 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 865 3 genetic genetic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 865 4 factors factor NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 865 5 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 865 6 also also RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 865 7 important important JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 865 8 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 865 9 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 865 10 single single JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 865 11 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 865 12 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 865 13 level level NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 865 14 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 866 1 These these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 866 2 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 866 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 866 4 focus focus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 866 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 866 6 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 866 7 discussion discussion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 866 8 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 867 1 Bang Bang NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 867 2 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 867 3 Warwick Warwick NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 867 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 867 5 1960 1960 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 867 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 867 7 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 867 8 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 867 9 while while IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 867 10 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 867 11 PRI PRI NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 867 12 strain strain NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 867 13 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 867 14 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 867 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 867 16 MHV-2 mhv-2 NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 867 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 867 18 caused cause VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 867 19 fatal fatal JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 867 20 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 867 21 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 867 22 mice mouse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 867 23 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 867 24 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 867 25 PRI PRI NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 867 26 strain strain NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 867 27 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 867 28 this this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 867 29 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 867 30 did do VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 867 31 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 867 32 kill kill VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 867 33 C3H c3h CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 867 34 mice mouse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 867 35 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 868 1 This this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 868 2 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 868 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 868 4 PRI PRI NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 868 5 mice mouse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 868 6 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 868 7 death death NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 868 8 induced induce VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 868 9 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 868 10 MHV-2 MHV-2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 868 11 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 868 12 found find VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 868 13 t t NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 868 14 o o NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 868 15 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 868 16 inherited inherit VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 868 17 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 868 18 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 868 19 dominant dominant JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 868 20 gene gene NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 868 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 868 22 Bang Bang NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 868 23 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 868 24 Warwick Warwick NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 868 25 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 868 26 1960 1960 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 868 27 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 868 28 Kantoch Kantoch NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 868 29 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 868 30 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 868 31 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 868 32 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 868 33 1963 1963 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 868 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 868 35 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 869 1 By by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 869 2 backcrossing backcross VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 869 3 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 869 4 created create VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 869 5 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 869 6 strain strain NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 869 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 869 8 mice mouse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 869 9 congenic congenic NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 869 10 t t NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 869 11 o o NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 870 1 C3H C3H NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 870 2 mice mouse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 870 3 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 870 4 but but CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 870 5 bearing bear VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 870 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 870 7 dominant dominant JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 870 8 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 870 9 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 870 10 MHV-2 mhv-2 NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 871 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 871 2 C3H C3H NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 871 3 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 871 4 ss ss NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 871 5 strain strain NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 871 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 871 7 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 872 1 Extensive extensive JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 872 2 studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 872 3 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 872 4 done do VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 872 5 comparing compare VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 872 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 872 7 effects effect NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 872 8 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 872 9 MHV-2 MHV-2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 872 10 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 872 11 C3H c3h JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 872 12 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 872 13 C3H c3h JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 872 14 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 872 15 ss ss NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 872 16 mice mouse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 873 1 Taylor Taylor NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 873 2 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 873 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 873 4 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 874 1 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 874 2 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 874 3 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 874 4 Bang Bang NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 874 5 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 874 6 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 874 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 874 8 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 875 1 By by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 875 2 various various JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 875 3 manipulations manipulation NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 875 4 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 875 5 Bang Bang NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 875 6 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 875 7 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 875 8 associates associate NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 875 9 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 875 10 able able JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 875 11 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 875 12 modulate modulate VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 875 13 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 875 14 effects effect NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 875 15 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 875 16 MHV mhv NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 875 17 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 875 18 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 875 19 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 875 20 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 875 21 resistant resistant JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 875 22 mice mouse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 875 23 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 1 Treatment treatment NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 3 resistant resistant JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 4 animals animal NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 5 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 6 cortisone cortisone NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 8 Gallily Gallily NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 9 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 10 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 11 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 12 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 13 1964 1964 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 15 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 16 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 17 proteindeficient proteindeficient NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 18 diet diet NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 20 Bang Bang NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 21 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 22 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 24 rendered render VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 25 them -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 26 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 27 so so IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 28 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 29 they -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 30 died die VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 31 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 32 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 33 small small JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 34 dose dose NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 35 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 36 MHV-2 MHV-2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 37 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 38 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 39 treatment treatment NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 40 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 41 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 42 animals animal NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 43 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 44 concanavalin concanavalin NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 45 A A NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 46 rendered render VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 47 them -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 48 resistant resistant JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 49 so so IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 50 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 51 they -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 52 could could MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 53 survive survive VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 54 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 55 normally normally RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 56 fatal fatal JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 57 dose dose NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 58 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 59 MHV-2 MHV-2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 60 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 61 Weiser Weiser NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 62 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 63 Bang Bang NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 64 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 65 1977 1977 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 66 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 876 67 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 877 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 877 2 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 877 3 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 877 4 resistance resistance NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 877 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 877 6 different different JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 877 7 mouse mouse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 877 8 strains strain NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 877 9 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 877 10 MHV-2 MHV-2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 877 11 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 877 12 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 877 13 measured measure VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 877 14 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 877 15 survival survival NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 877 16 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 877 17 animals animal NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 877 18 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 877 19 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 877 20 directly directly RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 877 21 correlated correlate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 877 22 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 877 23 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 877 24 response response NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 877 25 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 877 26 peritoneal peritoneal JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 877 27 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 877 28 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 877 29 each each DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 877 30 strain strain NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 877 31 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 877 32 culture culture NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 877 33 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 877 34 this this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 877 35 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 877 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 877 37 Bang Bang NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 877 38 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 877 39 Warwick Warwick NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 877 40 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 877 41 1960 1960 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 877 42 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 877 43 Bang Bang NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 877 44 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 877 45 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 877 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 877 47 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 878 1 However however RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 878 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 878 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 878 4 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 878 5 culture culture NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 878 6 conditions condition NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 878 7 greatly greatly RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 878 8 affected affect VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 878 9 these these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 878 10 results result NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 878 11 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 879 1 When when WRB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 879 2 fetal fetal JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 879 3 bovine bovine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 879 4 serum serum NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 879 5 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 879 6 substituted substitute VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 879 7 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 879 8 horse horse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 879 9 serum serum NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 879 10 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 879 11 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 879 12 medium medium NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 879 13 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 879 14 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 879 15 difference difference NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 879 16 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 879 17 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 879 18 yields yield NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 879 19 between between IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 879 20 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 879 21 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 879 22 resistant resistant JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 879 23 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 879 24 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 879 25 mice mouse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 879 26 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 879 27 significantly significantly RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 879 28 reduced reduce VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 879 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 879 30 Lavelle Lavelle NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 879 31 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 879 32 Bang Bang NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 879 33 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 879 34 1971 1971 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 879 35 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 879 36 Bang Bang NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 879 37 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 879 38 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 879 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 879 40 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 880 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 880 2 mechanism mechanism NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 880 3 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 880 4 this this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 880 5 cellular cellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 880 6 restriction restriction NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 880 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 880 8 MHV-2 MHV-2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 880 9 synthesis synthesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 880 10 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 880 11 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 880 12 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 880 13 resistant resistant JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 880 14 animals animal NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 880 15 under under IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 880 16 defined define VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 880 17 conditions condition NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 880 18 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 880 19 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 880 20 yet yet RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 880 21 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 880 22 characterized characterize VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 880 23 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 881 1 Shif Shif NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 881 2 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 881 3 Bang Bang NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 881 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 881 5 1970 1970 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 881 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 881 7 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 881 8 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 881 9 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 881 10 restriction restriction NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 881 11 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 881 12 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 881 13 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 881 14 stage stage NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 881 15 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 881 16 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 881 17 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 881 18 adsorption adsorption NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 881 19 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 881 20 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 881 21 suggested suggest VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 881 22 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 881 23 degradation degradation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 881 24 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 881 25 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 881 26 within within IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 881 27 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 881 28 resistant resistant JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 881 29 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 881 30 might may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 881 31 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 881 32 responsible responsible JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 881 33 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 882 1 Later later RBR cord-338307-vfutmwxq 882 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 882 3 Cody Cody NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 882 4 showed show VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 882 5 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 882 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 882 7 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 882 8 grew grow VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 882 9 equally equally RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 882 10 well well RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 882 11 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 882 12 resistant resistant JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 882 13 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 882 14 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 882 15 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 882 16 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 882 17 but but CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 882 18 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 882 19 one one CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 882 20 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 882 21 twentieth twentieth NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 882 22 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 882 23 infective infective JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 882 24 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 882 25 resistant resistant JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 882 26 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 882 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 882 28 Cody Cody NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 882 29 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 882 30 1980 1980 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 882 31 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 882 32 Bang Bang NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 882 33 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 882 34 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 882 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 882 36 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 883 1 In in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 883 2 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 883 3 last last JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 883 4 publications publication NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 883 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 883 6 Bang Bang NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 883 7 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 883 8 Cody Cody NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 883 9 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 883 10 1980 1980 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 883 11 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 883 12 Bang Bang NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 883 13 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 883 14 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 883 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 883 16 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 883 17 Bang Bang NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 883 18 described describe VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 883 19 recent recent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 883 20 experiments experiment NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 883 21 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 883 22 suggested suggest VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 883 23 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 883 24 macrophage macrophage NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 883 25 resistance resistance NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 883 26 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 883 27 MHV-2 MHV-2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 883 28 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 883 29 also also RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 883 30 dependent dependent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 883 31 upon upon IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 883 32 associated associated JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 883 33 lymphocyte lymphocyte NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 883 34 action action NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 883 35 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 884 1 He -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 884 2 also also RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 884 3 suggested suggest VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 884 4 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 884 5 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 884 6 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 884 7 bound bind VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 884 8 interferon interferon NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 884 9 might may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 884 10 play play VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 884 11 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 884 12 role role NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 884 13 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 884 14 protecting protect VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 884 15 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 884 16 genetically genetically RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 884 17 resistant resistant JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 884 18 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 884 19 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 885 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 885 2 pioneering pioneering JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 885 3 studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 885 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 885 5 Bang Bang NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 885 6 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 885 7 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 885 8 co co NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 885 9 - - NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 885 10 workers worker NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 885 11 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 885 12 extended extend VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 885 13 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 885 14 other other JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 885 15 investigators investigator NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 885 16 using use VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 885 17 different different JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 885 18 strains strain NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 885 19 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 885 20 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 885 21 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 886 1 These these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 886 2 studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 886 3 demonstrate demonstrate VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 886 4 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 886 5 MHV-2 MHV-2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 886 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 886 7 MHV-3 MHV-3 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 886 8 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 886 9 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 886 10 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 886 11 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 886 12 JHM JHM NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 886 13 exhibit exhibit VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 886 14 different different JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 886 15 patterns pattern NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 886 16 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 886 17 host host NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 886 18 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 886 19 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 886 20 resistance resistance NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 886 21 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 887 1 Although although IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 887 2 replication replication NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 887 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 887 4 MHV-2 MHV-2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 887 5 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 887 6 restricted restrict VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 887 7 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 887 8 C3H c3h JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 887 9 mice mouse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 887 10 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 887 11 replication replication NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 887 12 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 887 13 MHV-3 MHV-3 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 887 14 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 887 15 only only RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 887 16 partially partially RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 887 17 reduced reduce VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 888 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 888 2 LePrevost LePrevost NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 888 3 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 888 4 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 888 5 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 888 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 888 7 1975 1975 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 888 8 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 888 9 Virelizier Virelizier NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 888 10 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 888 11 Allison Allison NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 888 12 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 888 13 1976 1976 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 888 14 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 888 15 Yamada Yamada NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 888 16 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 888 17 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 888 18 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 888 19 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 888 20 1979 1979 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 889 1 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 889 2 Taguchi Taguchi NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 889 3 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 889 4 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 889 5 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 889 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 889 7 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 889 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 889 9 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 890 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 890 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 890 3 A A NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 890 4 / / SYM cord-338307-vfutmwxq 890 5 J J NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 890 6 mice mouse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 890 7 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 890 8 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 890 9 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 890 10 resistant resistant JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 890 11 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 890 12 MHVS MHVS NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 890 13 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 890 14 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 890 15 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 890 16 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 890 17 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 890 18 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 890 19 JHM JHM NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 891 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 891 2 Knobler Knobler NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 891 3 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 891 4 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 891 5 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 891 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 891 7 1981b 1981b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 891 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 891 9 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 892 1 Resistance resistance NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 892 2 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 892 3 MHV-3 MHV-3 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 892 4 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 892 5 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 892 6 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 892 7 JHM JHM NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 892 8 correlated correlate VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 892 9 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 892 10 failure failure NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 892 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 892 12 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 892 13 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 892 14 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 892 15 replicate replicate VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 892 16 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 892 17 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 892 18 delayed delayed JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 892 19 appearance appearance NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 892 20 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 892 21 CPE CPE NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 892 22 after after IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 892 23 low low JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 892 24 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 892 25 multiplicity multiplicity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 892 26 infection infection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 892 27 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 892 28 cultures culture NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 892 29 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 892 30 peritoneal peritoneal JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 892 31 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 892 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 892 33 Virelizier Virelizier NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 892 34 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 892 35 Allison Allison NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 892 36 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 892 37 1976 1976 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 892 38 ; ; . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 893 1 Krzystyniak Krzystyniak NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 893 2 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 893 3 Dupuy Dupuy NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 893 4 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 893 5 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 893 6 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 893 7 Knobler Knobler NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 893 8 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 893 9 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 893 10 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 893 11 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 893 12 1981a 1981a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 893 13 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 893 14 b b LS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 893 15 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 893 16 Stohlman Stohlman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 893 17 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 893 18 Frelinger Frelinger NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 893 19 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 893 20 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 893 21 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 893 22 Stohlman Stohlman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 893 23 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 893 24 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 894 1 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 895 1 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 895 2 1982a1 1982a1 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 895 3 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 895 4 neuronal neuronal JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 895 5 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 895 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 896 1 Knobler Knobler NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 896 2 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 896 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 896 4 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 896 5 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 896 6 1981a 1981a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 896 7 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 896 8 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 896 9 hepatocytes hepatocyte NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 896 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 896 11 Arnheiter Arnheiter NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 896 12 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 896 13 Haller Haller NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 896 14 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 896 15 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 896 16 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 896 17 Arnheiter Arnheiter NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 896 18 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 896 19 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 896 20 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 896 21 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 896 22 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 896 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 896 24 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 897 1 Resistance resistance NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 897 2 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 897 3 partially partially RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 897 4 overcome overcome VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 897 5 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 897 6 infection infection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 897 7 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 897 8 higher high JJR cord-338307-vfutmwxq 897 9 multiplicities multiplicity NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 897 10 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 897 11 resulting result VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 897 12 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 897 13 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 897 14 destruction destruction NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 897 15 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 897 16 although although IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 897 17 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 897 18 yields yield NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 897 19 remained remain VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 897 20 low low JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 897 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 897 22 Virelizier Virelizier NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 897 23 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 897 24 Allison Allison NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 897 25 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 897 26 1976 1976 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 897 27 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 897 28 Arnheiter Arnheiter NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 897 29 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 897 30 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 897 31 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 897 32 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 897 33 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 897 34 ; ; . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 898 1 Knobler Knobler NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 898 2 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 898 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 898 4 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 898 5 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 898 6 1981b 1981b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 898 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 898 8 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 899 1 Arnheiter Arnheiter NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 899 2 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 899 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 899 4 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 900 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 900 2 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 900 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 900 4 showed show VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 900 5 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 900 6 fluorescent fluorescent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 900 7 antibody antibody NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 900 8 staining stain VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 900 9 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 900 10 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 900 11 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 900 12 first first JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 900 13 cycle cycle NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 900 14 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 900 15 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 900 16 replication replication NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 900 17 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 900 18 resistant resistant JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 900 19 cultures culture NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 900 20 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 900 21 hepatocytes hepatocyte NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 900 22 had have VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 900 23 fewer few JJR cord-338307-vfutmwxq 900 24 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 900 25 expressing express VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 900 26 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 900 27 antigen antigen NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 900 28 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 901 1 However however RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 901 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 901 3 after after IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 901 4 infection infection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 901 5 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 901 6 high high JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 901 7 multiplicty multiplicty NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 901 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 901 9 multiplicity multiplicity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 901 10 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 901 11 infection infection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 901 12 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 901 13 loo loo NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 901 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 901 15 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 901 16 all all DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 901 17 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 901 18 contained contain VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 901 19 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 901 20 antigens antigen NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 901 21 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 901 22 including include VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 901 23 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 901 24 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 901 25 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 901 26 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 901 27 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 901 28 but but CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 901 29 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 901 30 production production NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 901 31 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 901 32 delayed delay VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 901 33 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 901 34 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 901 35 yields yield NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 901 36 remained remain VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 901 37 low low JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 901 38 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 902 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 902 2 characterization characterization NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 902 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 902 4 this this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 902 5 cellular cellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 902 6 restriction restriction NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 902 7 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 902 8 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 902 9 replication replication NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 902 10 remains remain VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 902 11 incomplete incomplete JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 902 12 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 903 1 Much much JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 903 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 903 3 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 903 4 present present JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 903 5 knowledge knowledge NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 903 6 about about IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 903 7 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 903 8 structure structure NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 903 9 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 903 10 functions function NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 903 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 903 12 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 903 13 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 903 14 comes come VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 903 15 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 903 16 studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 903 17 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 903 18 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 903 19 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 904 1 A a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 904 2 model model NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 904 3 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 904 4 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 904 5 structure structure NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 904 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 904 7 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 904 8 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 904 9 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 904 10 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 904 11 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 904 12 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 904 13 A59 A59 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 904 14 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 904 15 shown show VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 904 16 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 904 17 Fig Fig NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 904 18 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 905 1 22 22 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 905 2 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 1 Some some DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 4 important important JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 5 features feature NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 7 this this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 8 model model NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 9 include include VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 11 1 1 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 13 anchoring anchoring NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 14 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 15 one one CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 16 end end NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 17 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 18 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 19 protein protein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 20 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 21 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 22 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 23 envelope envelope NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 24 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 26 2 2 LS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 28 covalent covalent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 29 attachment attachment NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 30 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 31 palmitic palmitic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 32 acid acid NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 33 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 35 3 3 LS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 37 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 38 single single JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 39 trypsin trypsin NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 40 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 41 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 42 site site NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 43 accessible accessible JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 44 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 45 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 46 native native JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 47 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 48 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 49 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 50 virion virion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 51 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 52 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 53 4 4 LS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 54 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 55 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 56 presence presence NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 57 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 58 SH SH NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 59 groups group NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 60 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 61 disulfide disulfide JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 62 bonds bond NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 63 ; ; , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 64 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 65 5 5 LS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 66 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 67 noncovalent noncovalent NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 68 association association NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 69 between between IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 70 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 71 subunits subunit NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 72 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 73 90A 90A NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 74 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 75 90B 90b LS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 76 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 77 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 78 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 79 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 80 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 81 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 82 6 6 LS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 83 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 84 oligosaccharide oligosaccharide NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 85 side side NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 86 chains chain NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 87 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 88 both both DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 89 subunits subunit NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 906 90 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 907 1 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 907 2 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 907 3 probably probably RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 907 4 anchored anchor VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 907 5 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 907 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 907 7 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 907 8 envelope envelope NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 907 9 through through IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 907 10 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 907 11 short short JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 907 12 hydrophobic hydrophobic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 907 13 region region NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 907 14 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 907 15 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 907 16 Pronase Pronase NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 907 17 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 907 18 bromelain bromelain NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 907 19 quantitatively quantitatively RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 907 20 removed remove VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 907 21 both both DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 907 22 180 180 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 907 23 K K NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 907 24 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 907 25 90 90 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 907 26 K k NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 907 27 species specie NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 907 28 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 907 29 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 907 30 intact intact JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 907 31 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 907 32 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 907 33 while while IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 907 34 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 907 35 peplomers peplomer NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 907 36 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 907 37 removed remove VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 907 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 907 39 Sturman Sturman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 907 40 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 907 41 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 907 42 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 907 43 1977 1977 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 907 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 907 45 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 908 1 Palmitic palmitic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 908 2 acid acid NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 908 3 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 908 4 covalently covalently RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 908 5 attached attach VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 908 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 908 7 probably probably RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 908 8 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 908 9 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 908 10 near near IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 908 11 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 908 12 hydrophobic hydrophobic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 908 13 domain domain NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 908 14 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 908 15 anchors anchor VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 908 16 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 908 17 peplomer peplomer NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 908 18 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 908 19 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 908 20 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 908 21 envelope envelope NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 908 22 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 908 23 since since IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 908 24 this this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 908 25 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 908 26 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 908 27 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 908 28 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 908 29 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 908 30 influenza influenza NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 908 31 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 908 32 hemagglutinin hemagglutinin NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 908 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 908 34 Schmidt Schmidt NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 908 35 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 908 36 1982a 1982a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 908 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 908 38 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 908 39 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 908 40 G g NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 908 41 protein protein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 908 42 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 908 43 VSV VSV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 908 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 908 45 Petri Petri NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 908 46 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 908 47 Wagner Wagner NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 908 48 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 908 49 1980 1980 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 908 50 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 909 1 Although although IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 909 2 detergent detergent NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 909 3 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 909 4 sol sol NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 909 5 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 909 6 FIG FIG NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 909 7 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 910 1 22 22 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 910 2 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 911 1 Model model NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 911 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 911 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 911 4 peplomeric peplomeric JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 911 5 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 911 6 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 911 7 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 1 This this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 2 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 3 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 4 provisional provisional JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 5 model model NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 7 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 8 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 9 shows show VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 10 some some DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 12 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 13 important important JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 14 structural structural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 15 features feature NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 16 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 17 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 18 peplomeric peplomeric JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 19 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 20 such such JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 21 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 22 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 23 acylation acylation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 24 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 25 glycosylation glycosylation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 26 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 27 presence presence NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 28 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 29 both both DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 30 sulfhydryl sulfhydryl NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 31 groups group NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 32 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 33 disulfide disulfide JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 34 bonds bond NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 35 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 36 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 37 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 38 existence existence NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 39 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 40 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 41 trypsin trypsin NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 42 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 43 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 44 cleavage cleavage NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 45 site site NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 46 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 47 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 48 center center NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 49 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 50 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 51 molecule molecule NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 52 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 53 results result VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 54 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 55 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 56 formation formation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 57 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 58 two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 59 species specie NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 60 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 61 tentatively tentatively RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 62 called call VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 63 E2A e2a NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 64 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 65 E2B E2B NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 66 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 67 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 68 comigrate comigrate VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 69 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 70 t t NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 71 90K. 90k. CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 72 ubilized ubilize VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 73 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 74 could could MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 75 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 76 digested digest VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 77 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 78 trypsin trypsin NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 79 into into IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 80 many many JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 81 peptide peptide NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 82 fragments fragment NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 83 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 84 there there EX cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 85 appears appear VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 86 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 87 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 88 only only RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 89 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 90 single single JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 91 trypsin trypsin NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 92 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 93 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 94 cleavage cleavage NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 95 site site NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 96 accessible accessible JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 97 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 98 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 99 native native JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 100 180 180 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 101 K K NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 102 molecule molecule NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 103 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 104 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 105 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 106 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 107 A59 A59 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 108 virion virion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 109 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 110 Sturman Sturman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 111 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 112 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 113 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 114 1977 1977 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 912 115 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 913 1 Disulfide disulfide JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 913 2 linkages linkage NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 913 3 mask mask VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 913 4 proteolytic proteolytic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 913 5 cleavage cleavage NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 913 6 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 913 7 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 913 8 hemagglutinin hemagglutinin NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 913 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 913 10 HEV HEV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 913 11 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 914 1 Upon upon IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 914 2 reduction reduction NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 914 3 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 914 4 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 914 5 140 140 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 914 6 K k NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 914 7 hemagglutinin hemagglutinin NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 914 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 914 9 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 914 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 914 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 914 12 strain strain NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 914 13 VW527 VW527 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 914 14 disappeared disappear VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 914 15 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 914 16 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 914 17 new new JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 914 18 polypeptide polypeptide NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 914 19 species species NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 914 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 914 21 gp76 gp76 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 914 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 914 23 appeared appear VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 914 24 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 914 25 indicating indicate VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 914 26 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 914 27 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 914 28 140 140 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 914 29 K K NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 914 30 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 914 31 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 914 32 composed compose VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 914 33 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 914 34 two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 914 35 76 76 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 914 36 K K NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 914 37 subunits subunit NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 914 38 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 914 39 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 914 40 linked link VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 914 41 through through IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 914 42 disulfide disulfide JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 914 43 bonds bond NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 914 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 914 45 Callebaut Callebaut NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 914 46 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 914 47 Pensaert Pensaert NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 914 48 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 914 49 1980 1980 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 914 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 914 51 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 915 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 915 2 hemagglutinin hemagglutinin NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 915 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 915 4 HEV HEV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 915 5 strain strain NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 915 6 FS255 FS255 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 915 7 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 915 8 also also RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 915 9 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 915 10 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 915 11 treatment treatment NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 915 12 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 915 13 sulfhydryl sulfhydryl NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 915 14 reagents reagent NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 915 15 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 915 16 exposure exposure NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 915 17 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 915 18 dithiothreitol dithiothreitol NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 915 19 resulted result VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 915 20 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 915 21 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 915 22 loss loss NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 915 23 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 915 24 hemagglutinating hemagglutinate VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 915 25 activity activity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 915 26 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 915 27 release release NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 915 28 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 915 29 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 915 30 1 1 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 915 31 2 2 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 915 32 5 5 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 915 33 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 915 34 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 915 35 virion virion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 915 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 915 37 Pocock Pocock NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 915 38 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 915 39 1978 1978 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 915 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 915 41 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 916 1 Several several JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 916 2 investigators investigator NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 916 3 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 916 4 reported report VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 916 5 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 916 6 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 916 7 infectivity infectivity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 916 8 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 916 9 most most RBS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 916 10 stable stable JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 916 11 below below IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 916 12 pH pH NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 916 13 7 7 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 916 14 Alexander Alexander NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 916 15 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 916 16 Collins Collins NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 916 17 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 916 18 1975 1975 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 916 19 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 916 20 Sturman Sturman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 916 21 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 916 22 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 916 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 916 24 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 917 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 917 2 pH ph JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 917 3 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 917 4 dependent dependent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 917 5 thermolability thermolability NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 917 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 917 7 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 917 8 infectivity infectivity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 917 9 shown show VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 917 10 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 917 11 Fig Fig NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 917 12 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 918 1 2 2 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 918 2 appeared appear VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 918 3 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 918 4 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 918 5 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 918 6 result result NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 918 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 918 8 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 918 9 conformational conformational JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 918 10 change change NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 918 11 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 918 12 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 918 13 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 918 14 led lead VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 918 15 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 918 16 aggregation aggregation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 918 17 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 918 18 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 918 19 peplomeric peplomeric JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 918 20 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 918 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 918 22 Sturman Sturman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 918 23 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 918 24 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 918 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 918 26 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 919 1 Intrachain Intrachain NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 919 2 disulfide disulfide NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 919 3 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 919 4 sulfhydryl sulfhydryl NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 919 5 groups group NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 919 6 appeared appear VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 919 7 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 919 8 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 919 9 important important JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 919 10 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 919 11 determining determine VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 919 12 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 919 13 conformation conformation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 919 14 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 919 15 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 919 16 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 919 17 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 919 18 pH pH NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 919 19 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 919 20 temperature temperature NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 919 21 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 919 22 dependent dependent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 919 23 aggregation aggregation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 919 24 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 919 25 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 919 26 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 919 27 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 919 28 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 919 29 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 919 30 isolated isolate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 919 31 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 919 32 NP-40-solubilized NP-40-solubilized NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 919 33 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 919 34 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 919 35 enhanced enhance VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 919 36 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 919 37 reducing reduce VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 919 38 agents agent NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 919 39 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 919 40 sulfhdryl sulfhdryl NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 919 41 blocking block VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 919 42 reagents reagent NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 919 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 919 44 Sturman Sturman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 919 45 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 919 46 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 919 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 919 48 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 920 1 There there EX cord-338307-vfutmwxq 920 2 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 920 3 no no DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 920 4 evidence evidence NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 920 5 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 920 6 interchain interchain JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 920 7 disulfide disulfide NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 920 8 bridges bridge NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 920 9 between between IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 920 10 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 920 11 90A 90A NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 920 12 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 920 13 90B 90b NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 920 14 subunits subunit NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 920 15 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 920 16 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 920 17 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 920 18 A59 A59 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 920 19 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 920 20 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 920 21 they -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 920 22 remained remain VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 920 23 associated associate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 920 24 noncovalently noncovalently RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 920 25 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 920 26 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 920 27 virion virion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 920 28 after after IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 920 29 trypsin trypsin NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 920 30 cleavage cleavage NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 920 31 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 920 32 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 920 33 peplomer peplomer NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 920 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 920 35 Sturman Sturman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 920 36 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 920 37 1977 1977 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 920 38 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 920 39 Sturman Sturman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 920 40 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 920 41 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 920 42 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 920 43 1977 1977 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 920 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 920 45 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 921 1 During during IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 921 2 pH pH NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 921 3 8 8 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 921 4 inactivation inactivation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 921 5 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 921 6 however however RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 921 7 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 921 8 some some DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 921 9 90 90 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 921 10 K K NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 921 11 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 921 12 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 921 13 released release VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 921 14 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 921 15 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 921 16 incubation incubation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 921 17 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 921 18 reducing reduce VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 921 19 agents agent NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 921 20 caused cause VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 921 21 release release NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 921 22 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 921 23 more more JJR cord-338307-vfutmwxq 921 24 90 90 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 921 25 K k NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 921 26 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 921 27 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 922 1 This this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 922 2 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 922 3 probably probably RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 922 4 associated associate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 922 5 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 922 6 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 922 7 change change NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 922 8 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 922 9 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 922 10 conformation conformation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 922 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 922 12 this this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 922 13 molecule molecule NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 922 14 following follow VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 922 15 reduction reduction NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 922 16 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 922 17 intramolecular intramolecular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 922 18 disulfide disulfide JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 922 19 bonds bond NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 922 20 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 923 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 923 2 same same JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 923 3 appears appear VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 923 4 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 923 5 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 923 6 true true JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 923 7 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 923 8 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 923 9 liberation liberation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 923 10 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 923 11 gp125 gp125 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 923 12 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 923 13 HEV HEV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 923 14 strain strain NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 924 1 FS255 FS255 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 924 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 924 3 Pocock Pocock NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 924 4 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 924 5 1978 1978 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 924 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 924 7 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 925 1 Present present JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 925 2 evidence evidence NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 925 3 indicates indicate VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 925 4 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 925 5 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 925 6 possesses possess VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 925 7 six six CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 925 8 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 925 9 more more JJR cord-338307-vfutmwxq 925 10 biological biological JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 925 11 activities activity NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 925 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 925 13 Table table NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 925 14 V v NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 925 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 925 16 : : : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 926 1 1 1 LS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 926 2 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 927 1 Binding bind VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 927 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 927 3 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 927 4 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 927 5 receptors receptor NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 927 6 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 927 7 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 927 8 plasma plasma NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 927 9 membrane membrane NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 927 10 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 927 11 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 927 12 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 927 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 927 14 adsorption adsorption NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 927 15 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 927 16 hemagglutination hemagglutination NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 927 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 927 18 appears appear VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 927 19 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 927 20 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 927 21 mediated mediate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 927 22 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 927 23 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 927 24 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 928 1 Purified purify VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 928 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 928 3 radiolabeled radiolabele VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 928 4 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 928 5 bound bind VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 928 6 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 928 7 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 928 8 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 928 9 but but CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 928 10 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 928 11 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 928 12 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 928 13 lacking lack VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 928 14 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 928 15 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 928 16 receptors receptor NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 928 17 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 928 18 such such JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 928 19 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 928 20 erythrocytes erythrocyte NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 928 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 928 22 K. K. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 928 23 V. V. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 928 24 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 928 25 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 928 26 unpublished unpublished JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 928 27 data datum NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 928 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 928 29 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 929 1 Binding bind VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 929 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 929 3 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 929 4 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 929 5 inhibited inhibit VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 929 6 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 929 7 preincubation preincubation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 929 8 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 929 9 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 929 10 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 929 11 excess excess JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 929 12 MHV mhv NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 929 13 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 930 1 Virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 930 2 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 930 3 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 930 4 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 930 5 peplomers peplomer NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 930 6 had have VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 930 7 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 930 8 removed remove VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 930 9 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 930 10 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 930 11 particles particle NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 930 12 without without IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 930 13 peplomers peplomer NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 930 14 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 930 15 exhibited exhibit VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 930 16 markedly markedly RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 930 17 reduced reduce VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 930 18 capacities capacity NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 930 19 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 930 20 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 930 21 attachment attachment NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 930 22 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 930 23 infection infection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 931 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 931 2 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 931 3 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 931 4 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 931 5 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 931 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 931 7 1981a 1981a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 931 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 931 9 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 932 1 In in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 932 2 HCV HCV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 932 3 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 932 4 OC43 OC43 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 932 5 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 932 6 monospecific monospecific JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 932 7 antibody antibody NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 932 8 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 932 9 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 932 10 inhibited inhibit VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 932 11 hemagglutination hemagglutination NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 932 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 932 13 Schmidt Schmidt NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 932 14 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 932 15 Kenney Kenney NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 932 16 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 932 17 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 932 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 932 19 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 933 1 Coronaviruses Coronaviruses NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 933 2 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 933 3 hemagglutinate hemagglutinate VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 933 4 include include VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 933 5 some some DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 933 6 strains strain NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 933 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 933 8 IBV IBV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 933 9 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 933 10 HEV HEV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 933 11 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 933 12 HCV HCV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 933 13 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 933 14 OC38/43 OC38/43 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 933 15 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 933 16 MHV-3 MHV-3 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 933 17 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 933 18 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 933 19 murine murine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 933 20 enteric enteric JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 933 21 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 933 22 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 933 23 rabbit rabbit NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 933 24 enteric enteric JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 933 25 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 933 26 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 933 27 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 933 28 BCV BCV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 933 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 933 30 see see VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 933 31 Section section NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 933 32 111,B 111,b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 933 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 933 34 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 934 1 Initially initially RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 934 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 934 3 trypsin trypsin NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 934 4 treatment treatment NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 934 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 934 6 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 934 7 appeared appear VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 934 8 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 934 9 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 934 10 necessary necessary JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 934 11 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 934 12 activation activation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 934 13 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 934 14 IBV IBV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 934 15 hemagglutinin hemagglutinin NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 934 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 934 17 Corbo Corbo NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 934 18 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 934 19 Cunningham Cunningham NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 934 20 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 934 21 1959 1959 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 934 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 934 23 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 935 1 Subsequently subsequently RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 935 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 935 3 however however RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 935 4 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 935 5 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 935 6 IBV IBV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 935 7 hemagglutinin hemagglutinin NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 935 8 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 935 9 shown show VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 935 10 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 935 11 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 935 12 inactivated inactivate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 935 13 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 935 14 trypsin trypsin NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 935 15 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 936 1 Trypsin Trypsin NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 936 2 also also RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 936 3 destroyed destroy VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 936 4 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 936 5 hemagglutinating hemagglutinating NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 936 6 activity activity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 936 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 936 8 OC38143 oc38143 JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 936 9 viruses virus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 936 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 936 11 Kaye Kaye NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 936 12 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 936 13 Dowdle Dowdle NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 936 14 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 936 15 1969 1969 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 936 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 936 17 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 937 1 There there EX cord-338307-vfutmwxq 937 2 appeared appear VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 937 3 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 937 4 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 937 5 significant significant JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 937 6 strain strain NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 937 7 differences difference NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 937 8 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 937 9 IBV IBV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 937 10 hemagglutination hemagglutination NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 937 11 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 937 12 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 937 13 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 937 14 response response NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 937 15 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 937 16 IBV IBV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 937 17 t t NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 937 18 o o NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 937 19 trypsin trypsin NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 937 20 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 937 21 also also RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 937 22 strain strain NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 937 23 dependent dependent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 937 24 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 938 1 2 2 LS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 938 2 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 939 1 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 939 2 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 939 3 responsible responsible JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 939 4 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 939 5 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 939 6 induction induction NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 939 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 939 8 neutralizing neutralize VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 939 9 antibody antibody NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 939 10 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 940 1 Garwes Garwes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 940 2 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 940 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 940 4 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 941 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 941 2 1976 1976 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 941 3 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 941 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 941 5 1978 1978 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 941 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 942 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 942 2 1979 1979 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 942 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 942 4 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 942 5 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 942 6 first first JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 942 7 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 942 8 show show VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 942 9 that that DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 942 10 antibody antibody NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 942 11 against against IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 942 12 purified purify VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 942 13 surface surface NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 942 14 projections projection NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 942 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 942 16 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 942 17 TGEV TGEV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 942 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 942 19 possessed possess VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 942 20 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 942 21 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 942 22 neutralizing neutralize VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 942 23 activity activity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 942 24 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 942 25 vivo vivo NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 942 26 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 943 1 In in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 943 2 accordance accordance NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 943 3 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 943 4 this this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 943 5 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 943 6 found find VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 943 7 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 943 8 most most JJS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 943 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 943 10 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 943 11 antibody antibody NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 943 12 induced induce VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 943 13 during during IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 943 14 infection infection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 943 15 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 943 16 human human JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 943 17 volunteers volunteer NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 943 18 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 943 19 HCV-229E HCV-229E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 943 20 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 943 21 directed direct VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 943 22 against against IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 943 23 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 943 24 surface surface NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 943 25 projections projection NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 943 26 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 943 27 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 943 28 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 943 29 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 944 1 Hasony Hasony NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 944 2 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 944 3 Macnaughton Macnaughton NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 944 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 944 5 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 944 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 944 7 also also RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 944 8 showed show VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 944 9 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 944 10 immunization immunization NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 944 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 944 12 mice mouse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 944 13 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 944 14 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 944 15 protected protect VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 944 16 them -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 944 17 against against IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 944 18 infection infection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 944 19 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 944 20 MHV-3 MHV-3 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 944 21 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 944 22 whereas whereas IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 944 23 immunization immunization NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 944 24 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 944 25 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 944 26 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 944 27 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 944 28 N N NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 944 29 failed fail VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 944 30 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 944 31 provide provide VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 944 32 protection protection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 944 33 against against IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 944 34 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 944 35 challenge challenge NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 944 36 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 945 1 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 945 2 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 945 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 945 4 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 946 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 946 2 1981b 1981b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 946 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 946 4 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 946 5 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 946 6 monospecific monospecific JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 946 7 antibody antibody NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 946 8 against against IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 946 9 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 946 10 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 946 11 A59 A59 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 946 12 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 946 13 neutralized neutralize VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 946 14 infectivity infectivity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 946 15 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 946 16 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 946 17 culture culture NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 946 18 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 946 19 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 946 20 similarly similarly RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 946 21 Kenny Kenny NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 946 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 946 23 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 946 24 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 946 25 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 946 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 946 27 showed show VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 946 28 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 946 29 monospecific monospecific JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 946 30 antibody antibody NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 946 31 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 946 32 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 946 33 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 946 34 HCV HCV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 946 35 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 946 36 OC43 OC43 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 946 37 neutralized neutralize VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 946 38 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 946 39 FIG fig NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 946 40 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 947 1 23 23 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 947 2 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 948 1 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 948 2 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 948 3 uitro uitro NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 948 4 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 949 1 Monoclonal monoclonal JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 949 2 antibodies antibody NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 949 3 against against IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 949 4 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 949 5 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 949 6 JHM JHM NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 949 7 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 949 8 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 949 9 shown show VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 949 10 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 949 11 Collins Collins NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 949 12 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 949 13 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 949 14 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 950 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 950 2 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 950 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 950 4 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 950 5 neutralize neutralize VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 950 6 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 950 7 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 950 8 JHM JHM NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 950 9 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 950 10 infectivity infectivity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 950 11 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 950 12 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 950 13 absence absence NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 950 14 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 950 15 complement complement NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 950 16 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 950 17 whereas whereas IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 950 18 monoclonal monoclonal JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 950 19 antibody antibody NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 950 20 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 950 21 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 950 22 l l NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 950 23 exhibited exhibit VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 950 24 neutralizing neutralize VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 950 25 activity activity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 950 26 only only RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 950 27 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 950 28 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 950 29 presence presence NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 950 30 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 950 31 complement complement NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 950 32 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 951 1 3 3 LS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 951 2 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 952 1 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 952 2 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 952 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 952 4 surface surface NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 952 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 952 6 infected infected JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 952 7 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 952 8 renders render VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 952 9 them -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 952 10 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 952 11 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 952 12 cytotoxic cytotoxic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 952 13 effects effect NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 952 14 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 952 15 spleen spleen NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 952 16 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 952 17 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 953 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 953 2 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 953 3 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 953 4 mediated mediate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 953 5 cytotoxicity cytotoxicity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 953 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 953 7 spleen spleen NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 953 8 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 953 9 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 953 10 uninfected uninfected JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 953 11 mice mouse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 953 12 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 953 13 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 953 14 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 953 15 A59-infected a59-infecte VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 953 16 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 953 17 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 953 18 also also RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 953 19 inhibited inhibit VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 953 20 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 953 21 antibody antibody NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 953 22 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 953 23 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 953 24 4 4 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 953 25 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 954 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 954 2 pH ph JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 954 3 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 954 4 dependent dependent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 954 5 thermolability thermolability NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 954 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 954 7 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 954 8 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 954 9 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 954 10 due due JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 954 11 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 954 12 aggregation aggregation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 954 13 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 954 14 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 954 15 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 955 1 This this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 955 2 conformational conformational JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 955 3 change change NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 955 4 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 955 5 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 955 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 955 7 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 955 8 occurs occur VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 955 9 above above IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 955 10 pH pH NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 955 11 6.5 6.5 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 955 12 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 955 13 t t NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 955 14 37"C 37"C NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 955 15 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 955 16 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 955 17 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 955 18 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 955 19 sulfhydryl sulfhydryl NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 955 20 reagents reagent NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 955 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 955 22 Sturman Sturman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 955 23 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 955 24 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 955 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 955 26 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 956 1 5 5 LS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 956 2 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 957 1 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 957 2 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 957 3 responsible responsible JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 957 4 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 957 5 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 957 6 fusion fusion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 957 7 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 958 1 Cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 958 2 fusion fusion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 958 3 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 958 4 frequently frequently RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 958 5 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 958 6 prominent prominent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 958 7 feature feature NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 958 8 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 958 9 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 958 10 infection infection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 958 11 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 958 12 uiuo uiuo NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 958 13 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 958 14 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 958 15 uitro uitro NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 958 16 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 959 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 959 2 extent extent NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 959 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 959 4 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 959 5 fusion fusion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 959 6 depended depend VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 959 7 upon upon IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 959 8 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 959 9 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 959 10 strain strain NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 959 11 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 959 12 host host NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 959 13 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 959 14 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 959 15 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 959 16 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 959 17 conditions condition NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 959 18 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 959 19 infection infection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 959 20 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 2 role role NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 4 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 5 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 7 induction induction NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 8 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 9 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 10 fusion fusion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 11 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 12 indicated indicate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 13 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 14 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 15 observation observation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 16 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 17 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 18 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 19 induced induce VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 20 fusion fusion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 21 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 22 inhibited inhibit VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 23 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 24 monospecific monospecific JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 25 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 26 monoclonal monoclonal JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 27 antibodies antibody NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 28 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 29 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 31 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 32 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 33 1981b 1981b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 34 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 35 Collins Collins NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 36 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 37 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 38 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 39 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 40 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 41 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 42 Fig Fig NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 43 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 44 23A 23a NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 45 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 46 B B NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 48 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 49 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 50 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 51 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 52 finding finding NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 53 that that DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 54 treatment treatment NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 55 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 56 infected infected JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 57 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 58 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 59 tunicamycin tunicamycin NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 60 inhibited inhibit VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 61 both both CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 62 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 63 synthesis synthesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 64 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 65 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 66 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 67 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 68 fusion fusion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 69 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 70 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 71 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 72 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 73 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 74 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 75 1981a 1981a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 76 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 960 77 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 961 1 Trypsin Trypsin NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 961 2 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 961 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 961 4 overlay overlay NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 961 5 medium medium NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 961 6 enhanced enhance VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 961 7 plaque plaque NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 961 8 formation formation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 961 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 961 10 an an DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 961 11 enteropathogenic enteropathogenic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 961 12 bovine bovine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 961 13 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 961 14 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 961 15 several several JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 961 16 strains strain NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 961 17 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 961 18 IBV IBV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 961 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 961 20 Storz Storz NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 961 21 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 961 22 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 961 23 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 961 24 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 961 25 1981a 1981a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 961 26 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 961 27 b b LS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 961 28 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 961 29 Otsuki Otsuki NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 961 30 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 961 31 Tsubokura Tsubokura NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 961 32 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 961 33 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 961 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 961 35 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 962 1 In in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 962 2 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 962 3 presence presence NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 962 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 962 5 trypsin trypsin NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 962 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 962 7 infection infection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 962 8 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 962 9 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 962 10 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 962 11 associated associate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 962 12 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 962 13 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 962 14 fusion fusion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 962 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 962 16 Storz Storz NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 962 17 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 962 18 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 962 19 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 962 20 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 962 21 1981a 1981a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 962 22 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 962 23 b b LS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 962 24 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 962 25 Toth Toth NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 962 26 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 962 27 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 962 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 962 29 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 963 1 Similar similar JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 963 2 findings finding NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 963 3 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 963 4 obtained obtain VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 963 5 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 963 6 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 963 7 mutant mutant NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 963 8 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 963 9 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 963 10 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 963 11 S S NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 963 12 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 963 13 did do VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 963 14 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 963 15 ordinarily ordinarily RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 963 16 induce induce VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 963 17 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 963 18 fusion fusion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 963 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 963 20 Yoshikura Yoshikura NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 963 21 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 963 22 Tejima Tejima NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 963 23 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 963 24 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 963 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 963 26 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 964 1 Trypsin Trypsin NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 964 2 treatment treatment NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 964 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 964 4 infected infected JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 964 5 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 964 6 also also RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 964 7 enabled enable VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 964 8 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 964 9 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 964 10 S S NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 964 11 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 964 12 form form VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 964 13 fusion fusion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 964 14 plaques plaque NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 964 15 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 964 16 otherwise otherwise RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 964 17 resistant resistant JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 964 18 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 964 19 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 964 20 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 964 21 allowed allow VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 964 22 MHV-2 MHV-2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 964 23 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 964 24 form form VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 964 25 fusion fusion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 964 26 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 964 27 type type NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 964 28 plaques plaque NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 964 29 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 965 1 This this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 965 2 effect effect NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 965 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 965 4 trypsin trypsin NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 965 5 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 965 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 965 7 ability ability NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 965 8 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 965 9 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 965 10 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 965 11 induce induce VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 965 12 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 965 13 fusion fusion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 965 14 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 965 15 similar similar JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 965 16 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 965 17 that that DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 966 1 However however RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 966 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 966 3 if if IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 966 4 monospecific monospecific JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 966 5 antibody antibody NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 966 6 against against IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 966 7 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 966 8 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 966 9 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 966 10 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 966 11 added add VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 966 12 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 966 13 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 966 14 culture culture NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 966 15 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 966 16 2 2 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 966 17 hours hour NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 966 18 after after IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 966 19 infection infection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 966 20 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 966 21 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 966 22 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 966 23 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 966 24 induced induce VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 966 25 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 966 26 fusion fusion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 966 27 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 966 28 prevented prevent VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 966 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 966 30 B b NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 966 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 966 32 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 967 1 Monospecific Monospecific NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 967 2 antiserum antiserum NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 967 3 against against IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 967 4 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 967 5 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 967 6 1 1 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 967 7 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 967 8 does do VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 967 9 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 967 10 prevent prevent VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 967 11 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 967 12 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 967 13 induced induce VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 967 14 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 967 15 fusion fusion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 967 16 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 967 17 this this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 967 18 suggests suggest VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 967 19 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 967 20 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 967 21 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 967 22 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 967 23 fusion fusion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 967 24 factor factor NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 967 25 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 967 26 MHV(C mhv(c CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 967 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 967 28 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 968 1 ~1 ~1 LS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 968 2 0 0 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 968 3 0 0 NFP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 968 4 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 969 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 969 2 From from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 969 3 K. K. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 969 4 V. V. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 969 5 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 969 6 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 969 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 970 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 970 2 D D NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 970 3 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 970 4 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 970 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 970 6 Fusion fusion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 970 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 970 8 uninfected uninfected JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 970 9 L2 l2 NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 970 10 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 970 11 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 970 12 direct direct JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 970 13 action action NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 970 14 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 970 15 concentrated concentrated JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 970 16 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 970 17 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 970 18 A59 A59 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 970 19 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 970 20 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 970 21 plasma plasma NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 970 22 membrane membrane NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 970 23 does do VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 970 24 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 970 25 occur occur VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 970 26 within within IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 970 27 2 2 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 970 28 hours hour NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 970 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 970 30 D D NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 970 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 970 32 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 971 1 However however RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 971 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 971 3 if if IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 971 4 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 971 5 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 971 6 had have VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 971 7 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 971 8 previously previously RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 971 9 treated treat VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 971 10 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 971 11 trypsin trypsin NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 971 12 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 971 13 cleave cleave VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 971 14 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 971 15 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 971 16 180 180 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 971 17 K K NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 971 18 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 971 19 E2 e2 NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 971 20 90 90 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 971 21 K K NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 971 22 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 971 23 then then RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 971 24 rapid rapid JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 971 25 fusion fusion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 971 26 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 971 27 uninfected uninfected JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 971 28 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 971 29 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 971 30 observed observe VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 971 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 971 32 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 971 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 971 34 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 972 1 This this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 972 2 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 972 3 other other JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 972 4 observations observation NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 972 5 suggest suggest VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 972 6 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 972 7 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 972 8 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 972 9 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 972 10 protease protease NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 972 11 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 972 12 activated activate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 972 13 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 972 14 fusion fusion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 972 15 factor factor NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 972 16 like like IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 972 17 those those DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 972 18 found find VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 972 19 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 972 20 other other JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 972 21 enveloped envelop VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 972 22 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 972 23 viruses virus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 972 24 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 973 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 973 2 From from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 973 3 L. L. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 973 4 S. S. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 973 5 Sturman Sturman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 973 6 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 973 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 973 8 observed observe VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 973 9 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 973 10 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 973 11 F F NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 973 12 protein protein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 973 13 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 973 14 paramyxoviruses paramyxovirus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 973 15 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 973 16 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 973 17 HA HA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 973 18 protein protein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 973 19 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 973 20 myxoviruses myxovirus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 973 21 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 974 1 Sturman Sturman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 974 2 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 974 3 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 974 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 974 5 1977 1977 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 974 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 974 7 showed show VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 974 8 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 974 9 trypsin trypsin JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 974 10 treatment treatment NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 974 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 974 12 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 974 13 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 974 14 A59 A59 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 974 15 resulted result VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 974 16 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 974 17 cleavage cleavage NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 974 18 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 974 19 180 180 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 974 20 K k NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 974 21 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 974 22 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 974 23 90K. 90k. CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 975 1 Recently recently RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 975 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 975 3 direct direct JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 975 4 evidence evidence NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 975 5 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 975 6 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 975 7 obtained obtain VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 975 8 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 975 9 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 975 10 role role NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 975 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 975 12 proteolytic proteolytic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 975 13 cleavage cleavage NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 975 14 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 975 15 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 975 16 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 975 17 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 975 18 fusion fusion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 975 19 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 976 1 Regardless regardless RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 976 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 976 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 976 4 multiplicity multiplicity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 976 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 976 6 infection infection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 976 7 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 976 8 efforts effort NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 976 9 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 976 10 obtain obtain VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 976 11 rapid rapid JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 976 12 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 976 13 fusion fusion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 976 14 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 976 15 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 976 16 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 976 17 had have VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 976 18 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 976 19 unsuccessful unsuccessful JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 976 20 until until IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 976 21 we -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 976 22 employed employ VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 976 23 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 976 24 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 976 25 had have VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 976 26 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 976 27 treated treat VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 976 28 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 976 29 trypsin trypsin NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 976 30 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 976 31 caused cause VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 976 32 cleavage cleavage NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 976 33 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 976 34 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 976 35 WOK WOK NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 976 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 976 37 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 976 38 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 976 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 976 40 90A 90A NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 976 41 + + SYM cord-338307-vfutmwxq 976 42 90B 90b NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 976 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 976 44 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 977 1 Cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 977 2 fusion fusion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 977 3 occurred occur VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 977 4 rapidly rapidly RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 977 5 after after IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 977 6 addition addition NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 977 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 977 8 this this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 977 9 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 977 10 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 977 11 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 977 12 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 977 13 absence absence NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 977 14 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 977 15 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 977 16 protein protein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 977 17 synthesis synthesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 977 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 977 19 Fig Fig NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 977 20 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 977 21 23C 23C NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 977 22 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 977 23 D D NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 977 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 977 25 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 978 1 6 6 LS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 978 2 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 979 1 Proetolytic proetolytic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 979 2 cleavage cleavage NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 979 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 979 4 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 979 5 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 979 6 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 979 7 required require VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 979 8 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 979 9 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 979 10 infectivity infectivity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 979 11 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 980 1 However however RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 980 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 980 3 this this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 980 4 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 980 5 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 980 6 yet yet RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 980 7 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 980 8 proven prove VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 980 9 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 981 1 Many many JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 981 2 investigators investigator NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 981 3 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 981 4 studied study VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 981 5 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 981 6 effects effect NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 981 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 981 8 trypsin trypsin NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 981 9 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 981 10 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 981 11 infectivity infectivity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 981 12 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 981 13 mixed mixed JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 981 14 results result NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 981 15 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 982 1 For for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 982 2 example example NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 982 3 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 982 4 trypsin trypsin NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 982 5 treatment treatment NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 982 6 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 982 7 low low JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 982 8 concentrations concentration NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 982 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 983 1 10 10 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 983 2 p p NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 983 3 / / SYM cord-338307-vfutmwxq 983 4 mU mu NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 983 5 enhanced enhance VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 983 6 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 983 7 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 983 8 A59 A59 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 983 9 infectivity infectivity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 983 10 two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 983 11 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 983 12 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 983 13 threefold threefold VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 983 14 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 983 15 whereas whereas IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 983 16 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 983 17 high high JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 983 18 concentrations concentration NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 983 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 983 20 1 1 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 983 21 mg mg NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 983 22 / / SYM cord-338307-vfutmwxq 983 23 ml ml NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 983 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 983 25 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 983 26 infectivity infectivity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 983 27 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 983 28 reduced reduce VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 983 29 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 983 30 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 983 31 same same JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 983 32 relative relative JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 983 33 degree degree NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 983 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 983 35 Sturman Sturman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 983 36 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 983 37 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 983 38 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 983 39 1977 1977 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 983 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 983 41 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 984 1 Since since IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 984 2 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 984 3 large large JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 984 4 proportion proportion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 984 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 984 6 MHVassociated MHVassociated NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 984 7 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 984 8 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 984 9 already already RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 984 10 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 984 11 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 984 12 90 90 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 984 13 K K NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 984 14 form form NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 984 15 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 984 16 it -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 984 17 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 984 18 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 984 19 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 984 20 possible possible JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 984 21 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 984 22 assess assess VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 984 23 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 984 24 role role NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 984 25 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 984 26 proteolytic proteolytic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 984 27 cleavage cleavage NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 984 28 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 984 29 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 984 30 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 984 31 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 984 32 done do VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 984 33 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 984 34 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 984 35 F F NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 984 36 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 984 37 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 984 38 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 984 39 Sendai Sendai NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 984 40 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 984 41 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 984 42 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 984 43 HA HA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 984 44 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 984 45 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 984 46 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 984 47 influenza influenza NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 984 48 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 984 49 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 985 1 When when WRB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 985 2 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 985 3 source source NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 985 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 985 5 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 985 6 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 985 7 uncleaved uncleaved JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 985 8 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 985 9 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 985 10 identified identify VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 985 11 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 985 12 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 985 13 effect effect NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 985 14 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 985 15 specific specific JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 985 16 cleavage cleavage NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 985 17 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 985 18 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 985 19 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 985 20 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 985 21 infectivity infectivity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 985 22 can can MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 985 23 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 985 24 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 985 25 conclusively conclusively RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 985 26 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 986 1 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 986 2 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 986 3 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 986 4 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 986 5 many many JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 986 6 ways way NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 986 7 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 986 8 unique unique JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 986 9 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 986 10 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 986 11 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 987 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 987 2 performs perform VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 987 3 functions function NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 987 4 associated associate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 987 5 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 987 6 matrix matrix NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 987 7 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 987 8 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 987 9 other other JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 987 10 viruses virus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 987 11 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 987 12 yet yet CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 987 13 it -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 987 14 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 987 15 glycosylated glycosylate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 987 16 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 987 17 protrudes protrude VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 987 18 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 987 19 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 987 20 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 987 21 envelope envelope NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 987 22 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 988 1 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 988 2 l l NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 988 3 comprises comprise VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 988 4 approximately approximately RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 988 5 40 40 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 988 6 % % NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 988 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 988 8 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 988 9 protein protein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 988 10 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 988 11 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 988 12 virion virion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 988 13 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 988 14 contains contain VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 988 15 70 70 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 988 16 % % NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 988 17 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 988 18 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 988 19 methionine methionine NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 988 20 label label NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 988 21 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 989 1 At at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 989 2 first first RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 989 3 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 989 4 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 989 5 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 989 6 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 989 7 difficult difficult JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 989 8 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 989 9 study study VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 989 10 because because IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 989 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 989 12 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 989 13 unusual unusual JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 989 14 tendency tendency NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 989 15 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 989 16 aggregate aggregate VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 989 17 upon upon IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 989 18 heating heating NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 989 19 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 989 20 100 100 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 989 21 ° ° NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 989 22 C C NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 989 23 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 989 24 SDS SDS NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 989 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 989 26 Figs Figs NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 989 27 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 990 1 4 4 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 990 2 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 990 3 5 5 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 990 4 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 990 5 Sturman Sturman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 990 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 990 7 1977 1977 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 990 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 990 9 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 991 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 991 2 generation generation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 991 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 991 4 multimers multimer NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 991 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 991 6 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 991 7 l l NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 991 8 produced produce VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 991 9 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 991 10 variety variety NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 991 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 991 12 polypeptide polypeptide NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 991 13 patterns pattern NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 991 14 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 991 15 SDS SDS NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 991 16 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 991 17 PAGE PAGE NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 991 18 depending depend VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 991 19 upon upon IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 991 20 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 991 21 conditions condition NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 991 22 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 991 23 sample sample NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 991 24 treatment treatment NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 991 25 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 992 1 Aggregation aggregation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 992 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 992 3 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 992 4 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 992 5 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 992 6 SDS SDS NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 992 7 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 992 8 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 992 9 described describe VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 992 10 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 992 11 other other JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 992 12 strains strain NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 992 13 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 992 14 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 992 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 992 16 Wege Wege NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 992 17 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 992 18 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 992 19 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 992 20 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 992 21 1979 1979 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 992 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 992 23 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 992 24 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 992 25 other other JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 992 26 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 992 27 as as RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 992 28 well well RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 992 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 992 30 Callebaut Callebaut NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 992 31 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 992 32 Pensaert Pensaert NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 992 33 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 992 34 1980 1980 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 992 35 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 992 36 Schmidt Schmidt NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 992 37 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 992 38 Kenny Kenny NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 992 39 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 992 40 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 992 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 992 42 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 993 1 Multiple multiple JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 993 2 forms form NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 993 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 993 4 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 993 5 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 993 6 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 993 7 also also RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 993 8 distinguished distinguish VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 993 9 within within IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 993 10 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 993 11 20 20 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 993 12 - - SYM cord-338307-vfutmwxq 993 13 25 25 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 993 14 K K NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 993 15 apparentmolecular apparentmolecular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 993 16 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 993 17 weight weight NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 993 18 range range NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 993 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 993 20 Wege Wege NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 993 21 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 993 22 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 993 23 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 993 24 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 993 25 1979 1979 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 993 26 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 993 27 Siddell Siddell NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 993 28 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 993 29 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 993 30 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 994 1 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 994 2 1981b 1981b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 994 3 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 994 4 Rottier Rottier NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 994 5 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 994 6 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 994 7 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 994 8 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 994 9 1981b 1981b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 994 10 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 995 1 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 995 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 995 3 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 995 4 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 995 5 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 995 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 995 7 1981b 1981b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 995 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 995 9 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 996 1 These these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 996 2 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 996 3 reflect reflect VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 996 4 differences difference NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 996 5 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 996 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 996 7 number number NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 996 8 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 996 9 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 996 10 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 996 11 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 996 12 oligosaccharide oligosaccharide NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 996 13 chains chain NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 996 14 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 996 15 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 996 16 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 996 17 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 997 1 FIG FIG NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 997 2 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 998 1 24 24 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 998 2 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 999 1 Model model NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 999 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 999 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 999 4 membrane membrane NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 999 5 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 999 6 El El NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 999 7 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1000 1 This this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1000 2 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1000 3 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1000 4 provisional provisional JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1000 5 model model NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1000 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1000 7 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1000 8 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1000 9 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1000 10 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1000 11 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1000 12 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1000 13 associated associate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1000 14 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1000 15 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1000 16 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1000 17 envelope envelope NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1000 18 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1000 19 showing show VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1000 20 some some DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1000 21 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1000 22 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1000 23 characteristic characteristic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1000 24 features feature NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1000 25 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1000 26 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1000 27 molecule molecule NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1000 28 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 1 These these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 2 include include VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 4 amino amino NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 5 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 6 terminal terminal NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 7 end end NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 9 N n NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 12 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 13 protein protein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 14 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 15 protrudes protrude VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 16 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 17 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 18 envelope envelope NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 19 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 20 bears bear VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 21 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 22 0-linked 0-linked CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 23 carbohydrate carbohydrate NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 24 side side NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 25 chains chain NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 26 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 27 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 28 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 29 extensive extensive JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 30 domains domain NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 31 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 32 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 33 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 34 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 35 within within IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 36 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 37 beneath beneath IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 38 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 39 membrane membrane NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 40 where where WRB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 41 they -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 42 can can MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 43 interact interact VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 44 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 45 other other JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 46 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 47 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 48 molecules molecule NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 49 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 50 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 51 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 52 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 53 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 54 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 55 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 56 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1001 57 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1002 1 Many many JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1002 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1002 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1002 4 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1002 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1002 6 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1002 7 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1002 8 such such JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1002 9 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1002 10 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1002 11 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1002 12 budding budding NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1002 13 site site NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1002 14 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1002 15 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1002 16 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1002 17 determined determine VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1002 18 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1002 19 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1002 20 properties property NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1002 21 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1002 22 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1002 23 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1002 24 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1002 25 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1002 26 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1003 1 A a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1003 2 model model NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1003 3 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1003 4 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1003 5 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1003 6 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1003 7 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1003 8 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1003 9 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1003 10 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1003 11 A59 A59 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1003 12 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1003 13 shown show VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1003 14 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1003 15 Fig Fig NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1003 16 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1004 1 24 24 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1004 2 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1005 1 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1005 2 l l NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1005 3 appears appear VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1005 4 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1005 5 possess possess VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1005 6 three three CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1005 7 domains domain NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1005 8 : : : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1005 9 1 1 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1005 10 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1006 1 A a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1006 2 small small JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1006 3 5 5 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1006 4 K k NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1006 5 hydrophilic hydrophilic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1006 6 region region NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1006 7 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1006 8 containing contain VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1006 9 all all DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1006 10 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1006 11 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1006 12 carbohydrate carbohydrate NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1006 13 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1006 14 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1006 15 molecule molecule NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1006 16 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1006 17 extends extend VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1006 18 outside outside IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1006 19 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1006 20 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1006 21 envelope envelope NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1006 22 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1006 23 can can MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1006 24 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1006 25 removed remove VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1006 26 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1006 27 Pronase Pronase NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1006 28 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1006 29 bromelain bromelain NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1006 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1006 31 Sturman Sturman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1006 32 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1006 33 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1006 34 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1006 35 1977 1977 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1006 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1006 37 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1007 1 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1007 2 shown show VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1007 3 that that DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1007 4 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1007 5 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1007 6 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1007 7 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1007 8 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1007 9 IBV IBV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1007 10 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1007 11 this this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1007 12 external external JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1007 13 domain domain NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1007 14 represents represent VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1007 15 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1007 16 amino amino NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1007 17 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1007 18 terminal terminal NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1007 19 portion portion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1007 20 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1007 21 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1007 22 molecule molecule NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1007 23 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1008 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1008 2 do do VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1008 3 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1008 4 know know VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1008 5 anything anything NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1008 6 about about IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1008 7 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1008 8 functions function NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1008 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1008 10 this this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1008 11 glycosylated glycosylated JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1008 12 portion portion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1008 13 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1008 14 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1008 15 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1008 16 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1008 17 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1008 18 have have VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1008 19 important important JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1008 20 cooperative cooperative JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1008 21 effects effect NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1008 22 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1008 23 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1008 24 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1009 1 2 2 LS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1009 2 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1010 1 A a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1010 2 hydrophobic hydrophobic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1010 3 domain domain NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1010 4 resides reside VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1010 5 within within IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1010 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1010 7 lipid lipid NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1010 8 bilayer bilayer NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1010 9 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1011 1 Disulfide disulfide JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1011 2 bonds bond NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1011 3 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1011 4 illustrated illustrate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1011 5 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1011 6 this this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1011 7 region region NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1011 8 because because IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1011 9 aggregation aggregation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1011 10 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1011 11 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1011 12 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1011 13 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1011 14 SDS SDS NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1011 15 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1011 16 100 100 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1011 17 ° ° NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1011 18 C C NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1011 19 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1011 20 markedly markedly RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1011 21 enhanced enhance VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1011 22 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1011 23 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1011 24 presence presence NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1011 25 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1011 26 reducing reduce VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1011 27 agents agent NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1011 28 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1011 29 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1011 30 indicated indicate VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1011 31 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1011 32 reduction reduction NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1011 33 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1011 34 disulfide disulfide JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1011 35 bonds bond NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1011 36 exposed expose VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1011 37 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1011 38 highly highly RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1011 39 hydrophobic hydrophobic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1011 40 domain domain NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1011 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1011 42 Sturman Sturman NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1011 43 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1011 44 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1011 45 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1011 46 1977 1977 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1011 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1011 48 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1012 1 3 3 LS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1012 2 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1013 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1013 2 third third JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1013 3 domain domain NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1013 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1013 5 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1013 6 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1013 7 resides reside VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1013 8 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1013 9 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1013 10 inner inner JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1013 11 surface surface NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1013 12 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1013 13 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1013 14 envelope envelope NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1013 15 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1013 16 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1013 17 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1013 18 associated associate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1013 19 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1013 20 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1013 21 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1013 22 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1014 1 As as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1014 2 described describe VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1014 3 earlier early RBR cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1014 4 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1014 5 after after IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1014 6 solubilization solubilization NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1014 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1014 8 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1014 9 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1014 10 envelope envelope NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1014 11 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1014 12 NP-40 NP-40 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1014 13 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1014 14 4"C 4"c CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1014 15 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1014 16 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1014 17 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1014 18 could could MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1014 19 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1014 20 separated separate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1014 21 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1014 22 both both CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1014 23 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1014 24 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1014 25 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1014 26 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1014 27 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1014 28 but but CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1014 29 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1014 30 37"C 37"c CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1014 31 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1014 32 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1014 33 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1014 34 reassociated reassociated NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1014 35 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1014 36 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1014 37 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1014 38 see see VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1014 39 Fig Fig NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1014 40 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1014 41 10B 10b LS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1014 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1014 43 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1015 1 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1015 2 l l NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1015 3 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1015 4 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1015 5 shown show VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1015 6 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1015 7 bind bind VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1015 8 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1015 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1015 10 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1015 11 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1015 12 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1015 13 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1016 1 However however RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1016 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1016 3 this this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1016 4 interaction interaction NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1016 5 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1016 6 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1016 7 specific specific JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1016 8 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1016 9 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1016 10 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1016 11 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1017 1 Nucleocapsid nucleocapsid JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1017 2 structures structure NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1017 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1017 4 other other JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1017 5 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1017 6 also also RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1017 7 interacted interact VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1017 8 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1017 9 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1017 10 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1017 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1017 12 Garwes Garwes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1017 13 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1017 14 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1017 15 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1017 16 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1017 17 1976 1976 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1017 18 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1017 19 Pocock Pocock NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1017 20 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1017 21 Garwes Garwes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1017 22 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1017 23 1977 1977 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1017 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1017 25 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1018 1 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1018 2 l l NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1018 3 appears appear VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1018 4 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1018 5 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1018 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1018 7 only only JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1018 8 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1018 9 required require VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1018 10 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1018 11 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1018 12 budding bud VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1018 13 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1018 14 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1018 15 shown show VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1018 16 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1018 17 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1018 18 fact fact NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1018 19 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1018 20 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1018 21 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1018 22 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1018 23 infected infect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1018 24 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1018 25 tunicamycin tunicamycin NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1018 26 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1018 27 treated treat VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1018 28 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1018 29 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1018 30 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1018 31 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1018 32 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1018 33 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1018 34 made make VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1018 35 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1018 36 markedly markedly RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1018 37 reduced reduce VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1018 38 amounts amount NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1018 39 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1018 40 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1018 41 incorporated incorporate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1018 42 into into IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1018 43 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1018 44 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1018 45 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1018 46 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1018 47 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1018 48 formed form VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1018 49 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1018 50 released release VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1018 51 normally normally RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1018 52 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1019 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1019 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1019 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1019 4 infer infer VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1019 5 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1019 6 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1019 7 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1019 8 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1019 9 responsible responsible JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1019 10 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1019 11 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1019 12 formation formation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1019 13 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1019 14 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1019 15 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1019 16 envelope envelope NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1019 17 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1020 1 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1020 2 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1020 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1020 4 IBV IBV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1020 5 contained contain VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1020 6 N N NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1020 7 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1020 8 linked link VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1020 9 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1020 10 rather rather RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1020 11 than than IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1020 12 0linked 0linked CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1020 13 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1020 14 oligosaccharides oligosaccharide NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1020 15 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1021 1 Glycosylation glycosylation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1021 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1021 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1021 4 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1021 5 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1021 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1021 7 IBV IBV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1021 8 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1021 9 inhibited inhibit VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1021 10 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1021 11 tunicamycin tunicamycin NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1021 12 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1021 13 but but CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1021 14 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1021 15 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1021 16 lacked lack VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1021 17 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1021 18 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1021 19 contained contain VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1021 20 nonglycosylated nonglycosylated NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1021 21 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1021 22 l l NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1021 23 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1021 24 produced produce VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1021 25 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1022 1 Thus thus RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1022 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1022 3 glycosylation glycosylation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1022 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1022 5 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1022 6 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1022 7 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1022 8 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1022 9 essential essential JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1022 10 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1022 11 formation formation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1022 12 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1022 13 IBV IBV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1022 14 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1022 15 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1023 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1023 2 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1023 3 localization localization NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1023 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1023 5 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1023 6 1 1 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1023 7 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1023 8 intracytoplasmic intracytoplasmic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1023 9 membranes membrane NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1023 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1023 11 Fig Fig NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1023 12 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1023 13 17 17 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1023 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1023 15 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1023 16 determine determine VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1023 17 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1023 18 characteristic characteristic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1023 19 budding bud VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1023 20 sites site NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1023 21 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1023 22 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1023 23 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1023 24 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1023 25 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1023 26 limited limit VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1023 27 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1023 28 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1023 29 endoplasmic endoplasmic NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1023 30 reticulum reticulum NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1023 31 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1023 32 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1023 33 Golgi Golgi NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1023 34 apparatus apparatus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1023 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1023 36 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1023 37 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1023 38 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1023 39 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1023 40 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1023 41 1981b 1981b CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1023 42 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1023 43 Doller Doller NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1023 44 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1023 45 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1023 46 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1023 47 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1023 48 1983 1983 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1023 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1023 50 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1024 1 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1024 2 l l NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1024 3 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1024 4 also also RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1024 5 contain contain VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1024 6 sites site NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1024 7 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1024 8 interaction interaction NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1024 9 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1024 10 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1024 11 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1024 12 peplomers peplomer NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1024 13 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1025 1 Some some DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1025 2 monoclonal monoclonal JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1025 3 antibodies antibody NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1025 4 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1025 5 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1025 6 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1025 7 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1025 8 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1025 9 shown show VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1025 10 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1025 11 exhibit exhibit VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1025 12 neutralizing neutralize VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1025 13 activity activity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1025 14 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1025 15 but but CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1025 16 only only RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1025 17 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1025 18 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1025 19 presence presence NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1025 20 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1025 21 complement complement NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1025 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1025 23 Collins Collins NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1025 24 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1025 25 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1025 26 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1025 27 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1025 28 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1025 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1025 30 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1026 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1026 2 possibility possibility NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1026 3 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1026 4 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1026 5 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1026 6 excluded exclude VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1026 7 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1026 8 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1026 9 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1026 10 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1026 11 also also RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1026 12 have have VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1026 13 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1026 14 role role NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1026 15 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1026 16 other other JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1026 17 functions function NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1026 18 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1026 19 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1026 20 presently presently RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1026 21 thought think VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1026 22 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1026 23 involve involve VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1026 24 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1026 25 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1026 26 such such JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1026 27 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1026 28 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1026 29 interaction interaction NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1026 30 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1026 31 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1026 32 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1026 33 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1026 34 receptors receptor NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1026 35 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1026 36 production production NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1026 37 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1026 38 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1026 39 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1026 40 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1026 41 mediated mediate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1026 42 immune immune JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1026 43 response response NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1026 44 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1026 45 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1026 46 induction induction NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1026 47 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1026 48 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1026 49 fusion fusion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1026 50 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1027 1 V. V. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1027 2 ANTIGENIC antigenic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1027 3 RELATIONSHIPS relationship NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1027 4 AMONG among IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1027 5 CORONAVIRUSES CORONAVIRUSES NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1027 6 Antigenic antigenic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1027 7 relationships relationship NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1027 8 among among IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1027 9 IBV IBV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1027 10 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1027 11 HCV HCV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1027 12 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1027 13 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1027 14 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1027 15 strains strain NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1027 16 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1027 17 first first RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1027 18 studied study VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1027 19 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1027 20 detail detail NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1027 21 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1027 22 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1027 23 immunofluorescence immunofluorescence NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1027 24 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1027 25 hemagglutination hemagglutination NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1027 26 inhibition inhibition NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1027 27 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1027 28 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1027 29 neutralization neutralization NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1027 30 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1027 31 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1027 32 McIntosh McIntosh NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1027 33 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1027 34 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1027 35 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1028 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1028 2 1969 1969 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1028 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1029 1 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1029 2 Bradburne Bradburne NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1029 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1029 4 1970 1970 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1029 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1029 6 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1030 1 These these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1030 2 investigators investigator NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1030 3 established establish VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1030 4 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1030 5 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1030 6 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1030 7 some some DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1030 8 human human JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1030 9 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1030 10 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1030 11 antigenically antigenically RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1030 12 related relate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1030 13 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1030 14 while while IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1030 15 IBV IBV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1030 16 did do VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1030 17 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1030 18 cross cross VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1030 19 - - JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1030 20 react react VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1030 21 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1030 22 HCV HCV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1030 23 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1030 24 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1030 25 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1031 1 McIntoshs McIntoshs NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1031 2 data datum NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1031 3 indicated indicate VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1031 4 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1031 5 there there EX cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1031 6 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1031 7 at at RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1031 8 least least RBS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1031 9 two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1031 10 subgroups subgroup NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1031 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1031 12 human human JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1031 13 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1031 14 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 1 HCV HCV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 2 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 3 OC38 OC38 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 4 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 5 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 7 very very RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 8 similar similar JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 9 OC43 OC43 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 10 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 11 showed show VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 12 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 13 close close JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 14 antigenic antigenic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 15 relationship relationship NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 16 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 17 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 18 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 19 but but CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 20 none none NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 21 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 22 these these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 23 cross cross NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 24 - - VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 25 reacted react VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 26 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 27 HCV-229E. HCV-229E. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 28 Bradburne Bradburne NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 29 also also RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 30 found find VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 31 an an DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 32 antigenic antigenic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 33 relationship relationship NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 34 between between IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 35 OC43 OC43 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 36 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 37 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 38 ; ; : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 39 however however RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 40 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 41 he -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 42 detected detect VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 43 some some DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 44 cross cross NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 45 - - NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 46 reactivity reactivity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 47 between between IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 48 HCV-229E HCV-229E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 49 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 50 both both CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 51 OC43 OC43 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 52 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 53 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1032 54 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1033 1 More more RBR cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1033 2 recently recently RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1033 3 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1033 4 Schmidt Schmidt NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1033 5 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1033 6 Kenny Kenny NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1033 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1033 8 19821 19821 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1033 9 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1033 10 using use VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1033 11 rocket rocket NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1033 12 immunoelectrophoresis immunoelectrophoresis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1033 13 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1033 14 found find VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1033 15 no no DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1033 16 evidence evidence NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1033 17 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1033 18 cross cross NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1033 19 - - NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1033 20 reactivity reactivity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1033 21 between between IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1033 22 any any DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1033 23 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1033 24 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1033 25 structural structural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1033 26 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1033 27 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1033 28 HCV-229E HCV-229E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1033 29 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1033 30 OC43 OC43 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1033 31 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1033 32 whereas whereas IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1033 33 Gerdes Gerdes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1033 34 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1033 35 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1033 36 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1034 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1034 2 1981a 1981a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1034 3 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1034 4 b b LS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1034 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1034 6 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1034 7 Hasony Hasony NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1034 8 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1034 9 Macnaughton Macnaughton NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1034 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1034 11 1982 1982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1034 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1034 13 detected detect VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1034 14 some some DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1034 15 antigenic antigenic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1034 16 cross cross NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1034 17 - - NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1034 18 reactivity reactivity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1034 19 between between IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1034 20 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1034 21 N n CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1034 22 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1034 23 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1034 24 HCV-229E HCV-229E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1034 25 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1034 26 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1034 27 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1034 28 immunoprecipitation immunoprecipitation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1034 29 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1034 30 enzyme enzyme NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1034 31 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1034 32 linked link VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1034 33 immunoassay immunoassay NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1034 34 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1035 1 Using use VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1035 2 immunofluorescence immunofluorescence NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1035 3 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1035 4 Pedersen Pedersen NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1035 5 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1035 6 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1035 7 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1036 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1036 2 1978 1978 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1036 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1036 4 separated separate VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1036 5 eight eight CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1036 6 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1036 7 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1036 8 into into IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1036 9 two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1036 10 antigenically antigenically RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1036 11 distinct distinct JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1036 12 groups group NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1036 13 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1037 1 One one CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1037 2 group group NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1037 3 consisted consist VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1037 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1037 5 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1037 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1037 7 HEV HEV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1037 8 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1037 9 HCV HCV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1037 10 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1037 11 OC43 OC43 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1037 12 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1037 13 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1037 14 BCV BCV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1037 15 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1038 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1038 2 second second JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1038 3 group group NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1038 4 included include VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1038 5 TGEV TGEV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1038 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1038 7 HCV-229E HCV-229E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1038 8 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1038 9 FIPV FIPV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1038 10 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1038 11 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1038 12 CCV CCV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1038 13 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1039 1 Additional additional JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1039 2 anti anti JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1039 3 - - JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1039 4 genic genic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1039 5 cross cross NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1039 6 - - NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1039 7 reactions reaction NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1039 8 between between IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1039 9 other other JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1039 10 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1039 11 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1039 12 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1039 13 detected detect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1039 14 : : : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1039 15 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1039 16 rat rat NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1039 17 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1039 18 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1039 19 RCV RCV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1039 20 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1039 21 SDAV SDAV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1039 22 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1039 23 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1039 24 antigenically antigenically RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1039 25 related relate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1039 26 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1039 27 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1040 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1040 2 Parker Parker NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1040 3 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1040 4 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1040 5 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1040 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1040 7 1970 1970 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1040 8 ; ; . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1041 1 Bhatt Bhatt NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1041 2 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1041 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1041 4 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1041 5 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1041 6 1972 1972 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1041 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1041 8 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1041 9 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1041 10 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1041 11 rabbit rabbit NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1041 12 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1041 13 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1041 14 produces produce VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1041 15 pleural pleural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1041 16 effusion effusion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1041 17 disease disease NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1041 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1041 19 RbCV RbCV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1041 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1041 21 cross cross NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1041 22 - - VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1041 23 reacted react VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1041 24 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1041 25 both both CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1041 26 HCV-229E HCV-229E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1041 27 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1041 28 HCV HCV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1041 29 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1041 30 OC43 OC43 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1041 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1041 32 Small Small NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1041 33 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1041 34 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1041 35 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1041 36 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1041 37 1979 1979 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1041 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1041 39 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1042 1 Another another DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1042 2 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1042 3 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1042 4 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1042 5 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1042 6 procine procine NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1042 7 enteropathogenic enteropathogenic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1042 8 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1042 9 designated designate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1042 10 CV777 CV777 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1042 11 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1042 12 did do VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1042 13 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1042 14 cross cross VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1042 15 - - JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1042 16 react react VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1042 17 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1042 18 any any DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1042 19 other other JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1042 20 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1042 21 tested test VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1042 22 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1042 23 including include VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1042 24 TGEV TGEV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1042 25 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1042 26 HEV HEV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1042 27 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1042 28 FIPV FIPV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1042 29 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1042 30 CCV CCV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1042 31 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1042 32 BCV BCV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1042 33 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1042 34 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1042 35 IBV IBV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1042 36 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1043 1 These these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1043 2 antigenic antigenic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1043 3 relationships relationship NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1043 4 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1043 5 summarized summarize VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1043 6 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1043 7 Table Table NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1043 8 VI VI NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1043 9 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1044 1 Recent recent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1044 2 studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1044 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1044 4 antigenic antigenic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1044 5 relationships relationship NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1044 6 among among IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1044 7 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1044 8 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1044 9 focused focus VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1044 10 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1044 11 antigens antigen NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1044 12 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1044 13 individual individual JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1044 14 structural structural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1044 15 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1044 16 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1044 17 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1044 18 employed employ VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1044 19 monospecific monospecific JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1044 20 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1044 21 monoclonal monoclonal JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1044 22 antibodies antibody NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1044 23 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1045 1 Gerdes Gerdes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1045 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1045 3 Burks Burks NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1045 4 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1045 5 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1045 6 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1045 7 co co NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1045 8 - - NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1045 9 workers worker NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1045 10 showed show VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1045 11 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1045 12 two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1045 13 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1045 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1045 15 SD SD NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1045 16 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1045 17 SK SK NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1045 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1045 19 isolated isolate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1045 20 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1045 21 fresh fresh JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1045 22 autopsy autopsy JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1045 23 brain brain NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1045 24 tissue tissue NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1045 25 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1045 26 two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1045 27 patients patient NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1045 28 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1045 29 multiple multiple JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1045 30 sclerosis sclerosis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1046 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1046 2 Burks Burks NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1046 3 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1046 4 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1046 5 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1046 6 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1046 7 1980 1980 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1046 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1046 9 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1046 10 serologically serologically RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1046 11 related relate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1046 12 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1046 13 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1046 14 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1046 15 A59 A59 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1046 16 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1046 17 HCV HCV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1046 18 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1046 19 OC43 OC43 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1046 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1046 21 Gerdes Gerdes NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1046 22 et et FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1046 23 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1046 24 . . NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1046 25 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1046 26 1981a 1981a CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1046 27 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1046 28 b b LS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1046 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1046 30 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1047 1 Antisera Antisera NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1047 2 prepared prepare VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1047 3 against against IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1047 4 each each DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1047 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1047 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1047 7 four four CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1047 8 viruses virus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1047 9 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1047 10 SD SD NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1047 11 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1047 12 SK SK NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1047 13 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1047 14 A59 A59 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1047 15 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1047 16 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1047 17 OC43 OC43 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1047 18 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1047 19 precipitated precipitate VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1047 20 all all DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1047 21 three three CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1047 22 structural structural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1047 23 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1047 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1047 25 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1047 26 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1047 27 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1047 28 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1047 29 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1047 30 N N NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1047 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1047 32 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1047 33 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1047 34 other other JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1047 35 three three CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1047 36 viruses virus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1047 37 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1047 38 demonstrating demonstrate VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1047 39 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1047 40 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1047 41 structural structural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1047 42 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1047 43 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1047 44 these these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1047 45 viruses virus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1047 46 were be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1047 47 antigenically antigenically RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1047 48 related relate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1047 49 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1048 1 Gerna Gerna NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1048 2 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1048 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1048 4 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1049 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1049 2 1981 1981 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1049 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1049 4 found find VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1049 5 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1049 6 high high JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1049 7 degree degree NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1049 8 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1049 9 cross cross NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1049 10 - - NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1049 11 reactivity reactivity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1049 12 between between IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1049 13 E2s E2s NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1049 14 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1049 15 OC43 OC43 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1049 16 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1049 17 BCV BCV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1049 18 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1050 1 Reynolds Reynolds NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1050 2 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1050 3 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1050 4 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 2 1980 1980 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 4 showed show VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 5 cross cross NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 6 - - NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 7 reactivity reactivity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 8 between between IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 9 E2s E2s NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 10 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 11 TGEV TGEV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 12 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 13 CCV CCV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 14 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 15 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 16 Horzinek Horzinek NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 17 et et NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 18 al al NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 19 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 20 11982 11982 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 22 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 23 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 24 cross cross NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 25 - - NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 26 reactivity reactivity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 27 between between IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 28 analogous analogous JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 29 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 30 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 31 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 32 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 33 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 34 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 35 N n CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 36 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 37 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 38 TGEV TGEV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 39 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 40 FIPV FIPV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 41 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 42 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 43 CCV CCV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 44 using use VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 45 radioimmune radioimmune NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 46 precipitation precipitation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 47 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 48 electroblotting electroblotting NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 49 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 50 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 51 enzyme enzyme NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 52 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 53 linked link VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 54 immunosorbent immunosorbent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 55 assay assay NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1051 56 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1052 1 At at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1052 2 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1052 3 present present JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1052 4 time time NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1052 5 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1052 6 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1052 7 can can MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1052 8 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1052 9 classified classify VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1052 10 into into IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1052 11 two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1052 12 major major JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1052 13 subgroups subgroup NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1052 14 : : : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1052 15 avian avian JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1052 16 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1052 17 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1052 18 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1052 19 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1052 20 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1053 1 Mammalian mammalian JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1053 2 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1053 3 can can MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1053 4 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1053 5 further further RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1053 6 subdivided subdivide VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1053 7 into into IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1053 8 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1053 9 t t NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1053 10 least least JJS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1053 11 two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1053 12 subtypes subtype NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1053 13 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1054 1 Within within IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1054 2 each each DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1054 3 subtype subtype NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1054 4 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1054 5 individual individual JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1054 6 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1054 7 species specie NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1054 8 can can MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1054 9 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1054 10 readily readily RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1054 11 distinguished distinguish VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1054 12 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1055 1 There there EX cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1055 2 appears appear VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1055 3 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1055 4 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1055 5 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1055 6 great great JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1055 7 degree degree NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1055 8 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1055 9 antigenic antigenic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1055 10 diversity diversity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1055 11 within within IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1055 12 some some DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1055 13 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1055 14 species specie NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1055 15 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1055 16 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1055 17 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1055 18 studied study VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1055 19 extensively extensively RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1055 20 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1055 21 including include VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1055 22 IBV IBV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1055 23 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1055 24 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1055 25 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1056 1 This this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1056 2 suggests suggest VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1056 3 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1056 4 there there EX cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1056 5 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1056 6 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1056 7 considerable considerable JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1056 8 antigenic antigenic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1056 9 drift drift NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1056 10 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1056 11 these these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1056 12 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1056 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1056 14 see see VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1056 15 Section section NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1056 16 111,G 111,g CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1056 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1056 18 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1057 1 Coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1057 2 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1057 3 recently recently RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1057 4 emerged emerge VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1057 5 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1057 6 an an DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1057 7 important important JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1057 8 group group NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1057 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1057 10 animal animal NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1057 11 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1057 12 human human JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1057 13 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1057 14 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1057 15 share share VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1057 16 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1057 17 distinctive distinctive JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1057 18 replicative replicative JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1057 19 cycle cycle NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1057 20 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1058 1 Some some DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1058 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1058 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1058 4 unique unique JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1058 5 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1058 6 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1058 7 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1058 8 replication replication NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1058 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1058 10 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1058 11 illustrated illustrate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1058 12 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1058 13 Fig Fig NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1058 14 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1059 1 11 11 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1059 2 include include VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1059 3 generation generation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1059 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1059 5 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1059 6 3 3 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1059 7 ' ' `` cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1059 8 coterminal coterminal RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1059 9 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1059 10 nested nest VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1059 11 set set NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1059 12 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1059 13 five five CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1059 14 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1059 15 six six CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1059 16 subgenomic subgenomic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1059 17 mRNAs mRNAs NNPS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1059 18 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1059 19 each each DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1059 20 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1059 21 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1059 22 appears appear VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1059 23 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1059 24 direct direct VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1059 25 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1059 26 synthesis synthesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1059 27 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1059 28 one one CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1059 29 protein protein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1059 30 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1060 1 Two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1060 2 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1060 3 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1060 4 specific specific JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1060 5 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1060 6 polymerase polymerase NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1060 7 activities activity NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1060 8 have have VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1060 9 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1060 10 identified identify VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1060 11 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1061 1 Early Early NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1061 2 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1061 3 polymerase polymerase NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1061 4 snythesizes snythesize VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1061 5 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1061 6 negative negative JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1061 7 strand strand NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1061 8 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1061 9 genome genome NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1061 10 size size NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1061 11 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1062 1 A a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1062 2 double double RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1062 3 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1062 4 stranded strand VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1062 5 form form NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1062 6 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1062 7 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1062 8 identified identify VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1062 9 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1062 10 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1062 11 infected infected JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1062 12 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1062 13 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1063 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1063 2 subgenomic subgenomic NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1063 3 mRNAs mRNAs NNPS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1063 4 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1063 5 synthesized synthesize VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1063 6 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1063 7 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1063 8 fulllength fulllength NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1063 9 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1063 10 negative negative JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1063 11 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1063 12 stranded strand VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1063 13 template template NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1063 14 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1063 15 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1063 16 second second JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1063 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1063 18 late late JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1063 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1063 20 RNA rna NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1063 21 polymerase polymerase NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1063 22 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1064 1 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1064 2 fusion fusion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1064 3 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1064 4 some some DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1064 5 other other JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1064 6 type type NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1064 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1064 8 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1064 9 modification modification NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1064 10 appears appear VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1064 11 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1064 12 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1064 13 involved involve VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1064 14 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1064 15 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1064 16 synthesis synthesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1064 17 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1065 1 Many many JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1065 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1065 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1065 4 distinctive distinctive JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1065 5 features feature NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1065 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1065 7 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1065 8 infection infection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1065 9 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1065 10 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1065 11 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1065 12 induced induce VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1065 13 diseases disease NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1065 14 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1065 15 result result VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1065 16 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1065 17 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1065 18 properties property NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1065 19 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1065 20 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1065 21 two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1065 22 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1065 23 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1065 24 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1066 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1066 2 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1066 3 budding budding NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1066 4 site site NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1066 5 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1066 6 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1066 7 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1066 8 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1066 9 important important JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1066 10 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1066 11 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1066 12 establishment establishment NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1066 13 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1066 14 maintenance maintenance NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1066 15 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1066 16 persistent persistent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1066 17 infections infection NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1066 18 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1066 19 appears appear VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1066 20 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1066 21 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1066 22 due due JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1066 23 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1066 24 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1066 25 restricted restricted JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1066 26 intracytoplasmic intracytoplasmic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1066 27 migration migration NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1066 28 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1066 29 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1066 30 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1066 31 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1066 32 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1066 33 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1066 34 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1066 35 acts act VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1066 36 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1066 37 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1066 38 matrix matrix NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1066 39 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1066 40 like like JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1066 41 transmembrane transmembrane NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1066 42 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1066 43 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1067 1 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1067 2 1 1 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1067 3 also also RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1067 4 exhibits exhibit VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1067 5 distinctive distinctive JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1067 6 behavior behavior NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1067 7 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1067 8 self self NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1067 9 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1067 10 aggregating aggregate VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1067 11 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1067 12 heating heating NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1067 13 at at IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1067 14 100 100 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1067 15 ° ° NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1067 16 C C NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1067 17 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1067 18 SDS SDS NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1067 19 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1067 20 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1067 21 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1067 22 interaction interaction NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1067 23 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1067 24 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1067 25 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1067 26 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1067 27 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1067 28 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1067 29 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1068 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1068 2 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1068 3 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1068 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1068 5 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1068 6 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1068 7 an an DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1068 8 O o NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1068 9 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1068 10 linked link VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1068 11 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1068 12 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1068 13 unlike unlike IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1068 14 most most JJS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1068 15 other other JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1068 16 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1068 17 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1068 18 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1069 1 Thus thus RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1069 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1069 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1069 4 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1069 5 system system NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1069 6 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1069 7 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1069 8 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1069 9 useful useful JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1069 10 model model NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1069 11 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1069 12 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1069 13 study study NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1069 14 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1069 15 synthesis synthesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1069 16 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1069 17 glycosylation glycosylation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1069 18 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1069 19 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1069 20 transport transport NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1069 21 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1069 22 O o NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1069 23 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1069 24 linked link VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1069 25 cellular cellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1069 26 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1069 27 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1070 1 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1070 2 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1070 3 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1070 4 large large JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1070 5 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1070 6 multifunctional multifunctional JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1070 7 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1070 8 peplomeric peplomeric JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1070 9 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1070 10 which which WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1070 11 exhibits exhibit VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1070 12 unusual unusual JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1070 13 pH ph NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1070 14 - - : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1070 15 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1070 16 temperature temperature NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1070 17 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1070 18 dependent dependent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1070 19 conformational conformational JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1070 20 changes change NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1070 21 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1071 1 As as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1071 2 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1071 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1071 4 myxo myxo NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1071 5 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1071 6 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1071 7 paramyxoviruses paramyxovirus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1071 8 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1071 9 it -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1071 10 appears appear VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1071 11 that that DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1071 12 specific specific JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1071 13 proteolytic proteolytic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1071 14 cleavage cleavage NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1071 15 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1071 16 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1071 17 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1071 18 necessary necessary JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1071 19 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1071 20 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1071 21 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1071 22 induced induce VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1071 23 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1071 24 fusion fusion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1071 25 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1071 26 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1071 27 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1071 28 also also RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1071 29 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1071 30 an an DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1071 31 important important JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1071 32 determinant determinant NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1071 33 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1071 34 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1071 35 pathogenicity pathogenicity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1071 36 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1072 1 Future future JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1072 2 research research NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1072 3 must must MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1072 4 address address VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1072 5 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1072 6 difficult difficult JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1072 7 problems problem NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1072 8 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1072 9 determining determine VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1072 10 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1072 11 functional functional JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1072 12 relationships relationship NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1072 13 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1072 14 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1072 15 roles role NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1072 16 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1072 17 infection infection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1072 18 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1072 19 disease disease NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1072 20 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1073 1 Thus thus RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1073 2 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1073 3 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1073 4 recent recent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1073 5 years year NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1073 6 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1073 7 large large JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1073 8 collection collection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1073 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1073 10 facts fact NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1073 11 about about IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1073 12 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1073 13 replication replication NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1073 14 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1073 15 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1073 16 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1073 17 been be VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1073 18 compiled compile VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1073 19 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1074 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1074 2 interaction interaction NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1074 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1074 4 these these DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1074 5 facts fact NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1074 6 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1074 7 formed form VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1074 8 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1074 9 coherent coherent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1074 10 system system NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1074 11 such such JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1074 12 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1074 13 that that DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1074 14 described describe VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1074 15 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1074 16 Fleck Fleck NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1074 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1074 18 19791 19791 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1074 19 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1074 20 so so IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1074 21 that that IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1074 22 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1074 23 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1074 24 understanding understanding NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1074 25 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1074 26 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1074 27 replication replication NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1074 28 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1074 29 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1074 30 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1074 31 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1074 32 begun begin VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1074 33 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1074 34 emerge emerge VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1074 35 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1075 1 As as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1075 2 Uhlenbeck Uhlenbeck NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1075 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1075 4 1971 1971 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1075 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1075 6 visualized visualize VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1075 7 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1075 8 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1075 9 new new JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1075 10 frontier frontier NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1075 11 has have VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1075 12 developed develop VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1075 13 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1075 14 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1075 15 contributions contribution NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1075 16 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1075 17 many many JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1075 18 investigators investigator NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1075 19 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1076 1 From from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1076 2 this this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1076 3 frontier frontier NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1076 4 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1076 5 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1076 6 research research NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1076 7 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1076 8 many many JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1076 9 new new JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1076 10 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1076 11 exciting exciting JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1076 12 developments development NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1076 13 may may MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1076 14 now now RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1076 15 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1076 16 anticipated anticipate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1076 17 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1077 1 Effect effect NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1077 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1077 3 pH ph NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1077 4 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1077 5 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1077 6 growth growth NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1077 7 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1077 8 cytopathogenicity cytopathogenicity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1077 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1077 10 avian avian JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1077 11 infectious infectious JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1077 12 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1077 13 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1077 14 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1077 15 chick chick NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1077 16 kidney kidney NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1077 17 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1078 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1078 2 purification purification NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1078 3 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1078 4 polypeptide polypeptide NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1078 5 composition composition NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1078 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1078 7 avian avian JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1078 8 infectious infectious JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1078 9 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1078 10 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 2 morphology morphology NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 4 three three CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 5 previously previously RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 6 uncharacterized uncharacterized JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 7 human human JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 8 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 9 viruses virus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 10 that that WDT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 11 grow grow VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 12 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 13 organ organ NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 14 culture culture NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 15 Comparison comparison NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 16 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 17 polypeptides polypeptide NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 18 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 19 two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 20 strains strain NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 21 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 22 murine murine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 23 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 24 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 25 Morphology morphology NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 26 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 27 influenza influenza NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 28 ABC ABC NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 29 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 30 infectious infectious JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 31 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 32 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 34 IBV IBV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 36 virions virion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 37 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 38 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 39 replication replication NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 40 Sequence sequence NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 41 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 42 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 43 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 44 gene gene NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 45 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 46 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 47 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 48 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 49 A59 A59 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 50 Inborn inborn JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 51 resistance resistance NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 52 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 53 mice mouse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 54 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 55 mouse mouse VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 56 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 57 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 58 type type NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1079 59 3 3 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1080 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1080 2 MHV3 MHV3 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1080 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1080 4 Adult adult NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1080 5 mouse mouse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1080 6 hepatocytes hepatocyte NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1080 7 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1080 8 primary primary JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1080 9 monolayer monolayer NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1080 10 culture culture NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1080 11 express express VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1080 12 genetic genetic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1080 13 resistance resistance NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1080 14 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1080 15 mouse mouse VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1080 16 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1080 17 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1080 18 type type NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1080 19 3 3 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1080 20 Genetics Genetics NNPS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1080 21 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1080 22 resistance resistance NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1080 23 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1080 24 animals animal NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1080 25 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1080 26 viruses virus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1080 27 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1081 1 I. I. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1081 2 Introduction Introduction NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1081 3 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1081 4 studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1081 5 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1081 6 mice mouse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1082 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1082 2 use use NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1082 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1082 4 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1082 5 genetically genetically RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1082 6 incompatable incompatable JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1082 7 combination combination NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1082 8 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1082 9 host host NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1082 10 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1082 11 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1082 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1082 13 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1082 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1082 15 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1082 16 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1082 17 study study NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1082 18 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1082 19 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1082 20 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1082 21 host host NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1082 22 resistance resistance NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1082 23 Is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1082 24 genetic genetic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1082 25 resistance resistance NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1082 26 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1082 27 mouse mouse NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1082 28 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1082 29 based base VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1082 30 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1082 31 immunological immunological JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1082 32 reactions reaction NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1082 33 ? ? . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1083 1 Mouse mouse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1083 2 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1083 3 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1083 4 host host NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1083 5 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1083 6 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1083 7 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1083 8 mouse mouse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1083 9 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1083 10 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1083 11 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1083 12 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1083 13 genetic genetic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1083 14 basis basis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1083 15 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1083 16 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1083 17 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1083 18 Morphogenesis Morphogenesis NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1083 19 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1083 20 avian avian JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1083 21 infectious infectious JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1083 22 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1083 23 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1083 24 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1083 25 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1083 26 related relate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1083 27 human human JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1083 28 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1083 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1083 30 strain strain NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1083 31 2293 2293 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1083 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1084 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1084 2 structure structure NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1084 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1084 4 infectious infectious JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1084 5 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1084 6 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1084 7 Characterization characterization NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1084 8 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1084 9 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1084 10 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1084 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1084 12 sialodacryoadenitis sialodacryoadenitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1084 13 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1084 14 rats rat NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1084 15 : : : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1084 16 A a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1084 17 member member NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1084 18 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1084 19 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1084 20 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1084 21 group group NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1084 22 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1084 23 polypeptide polypeptide JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1084 24 composition composition NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1084 25 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1084 26 avian avian JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1084 27 infectious infectious JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1084 28 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1084 29 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1084 30 Studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1084 31 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1084 32 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1084 33 structure structure NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1084 34 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1084 35 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1084 36 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1084 37 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1084 38 Avian avian JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1084 39 infectious infectious JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1084 40 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1084 41 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1084 42 Haemagglutination haemagglutination NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1084 43 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1084 44 avian avian JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1084 45 infectious infectious JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1084 46 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1084 47 v v NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1084 48 i i PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1085 1 r r NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1085 2 u u NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1085 3 s s NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1085 4 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1085 5 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1085 6 Pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1085 7 murine murine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1085 8 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1085 9 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1086 1 11 11 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1086 2 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1087 1 Characterization characterization NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1087 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1087 3 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1087 4 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1087 5 specific specific JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1087 6 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1087 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1087 8 murine murine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1087 9 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1087 10 JHMV JHMV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1087 11 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1087 12 A59V A59V NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1087 13 Relatedness Relatedness NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1087 14 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1087 15 virion virion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1087 16 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1087 17 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1087 18 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1087 19 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1087 20 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1087 21 murine murine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1087 22 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1087 23 JHM JHM NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1087 24 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1087 25 A59 A59 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1087 26 Antigenic Antigenic NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1087 27 relationships relationship NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1087 28 amongst amongst IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1087 29 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1088 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1088 2 propagation propagation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1088 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1088 4 " " `` cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1088 5 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1088 6 " " '' cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1088 7 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1088 8 tissue tissue NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1088 9 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1088 10 culture culture NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1088 11 Host host NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1088 12 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1088 13 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1088 14 function function NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1088 15 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1088 16 murine murine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1088 17 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1088 18 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1088 19 replication replication NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1088 20 Characterization characterization NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1088 21 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1088 22 two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1088 23 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1088 24 polymerase polymerase NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1088 25 activities activity NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1088 26 induced induce VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1088 27 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1088 28 mouse mouse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1088 29 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1088 30 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1088 31 Isolation isolation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1088 32 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1088 33 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1088 34 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1088 35 neonatal neonatal JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1088 36 calf calf NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1088 37 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1088 38 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1088 39 Great Great NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1088 40 Britain Britain NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1088 41 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1088 42 Denmark Denmark NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1089 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1089 2 adaptation adaptation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1089 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1089 4 two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1089 5 human human JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1089 6 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1089 7 strains strain NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1089 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1089 9 OC38 OC38 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1089 10 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1089 11 OC43 OC43 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1089 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1089 13 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1089 14 growth growth NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1089 15 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1089 16 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1089 17 monolayers monolayer NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1089 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1089 19 35068 35068 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1089 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1090 1 Two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1090 2 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1090 3 isolated isolate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1090 4 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1090 5 central central JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1090 6 nervous nervous JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1090 7 system system NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1090 8 tissue tissue NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1090 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1090 10 two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1090 11 multiple multiple JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1090 12 sclerosis sclerosis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1090 13 patients patient NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1090 14 Characterization characterization NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1090 15 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1090 16 isolation isolation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1090 17 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1090 18 structural structural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1090 19 polypeptides polypeptide NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1090 20 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1090 21 haemagglutinating haemagglutinate VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1090 22 encephalomyelitis encephalomyelitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1090 23 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1090 24 New new JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1090 25 enteric enteric JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1090 26 viruses virus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1090 27 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1091 1 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1091 2 dog dog NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1091 3 Further Further NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1091 4 studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1091 5 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1091 6 human human JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1091 7 enteric enteric JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1091 8 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1092 1 Preliminary preliminary JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1092 2 studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1092 3 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1092 4 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1092 5 isolation isolation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1092 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1092 7 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1092 8 2293 2293 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1092 9 nucleocapsids nucleocapsid NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1092 10 Structural structural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1092 11 polypeptides polypeptide NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1092 12 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1092 13 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1092 14 IBV IBV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1092 15 Morphogenesis Morphogenesis NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1092 16 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1092 17 Avian avian JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1092 18 infectious infectious JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1092 19 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1092 20 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1092 21 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1092 22 primary primary JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1092 23 chick chick NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1092 24 kidney kidney NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1092 25 cells cell VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1092 26 Cellular cellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1092 27 synthesis synthesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1092 28 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1092 29 modification modification NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1092 30 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1092 31 rnurine rnurine NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1092 32 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1092 33 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1092 34 polypeptides polypeptide NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1093 1 Intracellular Intracellular NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1093 2 murine murine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1093 3 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1093 4 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1093 5 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1093 6 specific specific JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1093 7 RNAs rna NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1093 8 contain contain VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1093 9 common common JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1093 10 sequences sequence NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1093 11 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1093 12 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1093 13 polypeptide polypeptide NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1093 14 homology homology NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1093 15 among among IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1093 16 murine murine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1093 17 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1094 1 Oligonucleotide oligonucleotide JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1094 2 fingerprinting fingerprinting NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1094 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1094 4 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1094 5 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1094 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1094 7 different different JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1094 8 strains strain NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1094 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1094 10 infectious infectious JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1094 11 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1094 12 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1094 13 Factors factor NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1094 14 governing govern VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1094 15 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1094 16 responses response NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1094 17 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1094 18 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1094 19 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1094 20 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1094 21 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1094 22 uitro uitro NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1094 23 Monoclonal monoclonal JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1094 24 antibodies antibody NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1094 25 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1094 26 murine murine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1094 27 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1094 28 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1094 29 4 4 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1095 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1095 2 strain strain NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1095 3 JHM JHM NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1095 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1095 5 define define VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1095 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1095 7 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1095 8 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1095 9 responsible responsible JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1095 10 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1095 11 attachment attachment NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1095 12 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1095 13 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1095 14 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1095 15 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1095 16 fusion fusion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1095 17 Avian avian JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1095 18 infectious infectious JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1095 19 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1095 20 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1095 21 structural structural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1095 22 polypeptides polypeptide NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1095 23 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 1 Effect effect NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 3 different different JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 4 conditions condition NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 6 disruption disruption NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 7 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 8 comparison comparison NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 10 different different JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 11 strains strain NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 12 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 13 isolates isolate VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 14 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 15 polypeptide polypeptide JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 16 composition composition NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 17 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 18 isolated isolate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 19 surface surface NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 20 projections projection NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 21 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 22 avian avian JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 23 infectious infectious JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 24 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 25 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 26 Heterogeneity heterogeneity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 27 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 28 infectious infectious JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 29 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 30 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 31 grown grow VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 32 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 33 eggs egg NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 34 Incorporation Incorporation NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 35 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 36 sulfate sulfate NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 37 into into IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 38 influenza influenza NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 39 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 40 glycoproteins glycoprotein VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 41 Hemagglutination Hemagglutination NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 42 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 43 trypsin trypsin NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 44 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 45 modified modify VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 46 infectious infectious JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 47 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 48 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 49 Serial serial JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 50 passage passage NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 51 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 52 three three CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 53 strains strain NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 54 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 55 avian avian JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 56 infectious infectious JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 57 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 58 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 59 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 60 African african JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 61 green green JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 62 monkey monkey NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 63 kidney kidney NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 64 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 65 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 66 Vero Vero NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 67 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 68 Replication replication NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 69 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 70 avian avian JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 71 infectious infectious JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 72 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 73 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 74 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 75 African african JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 76 green green JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 77 monkey monkey NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 78 kidney kidney NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 79 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 80 line line NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 81 Vero Vero NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 82 Virus Virus NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 83 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 84 like like JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 85 particles particle NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 86 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 87 association association NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 88 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 89 L L NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 90 strain strain NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1096 91 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1097 1 An an DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1097 2 electron electron NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1097 3 microscope microscope NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1097 4 study study NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1097 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1097 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1097 7 development development NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1097 8 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1097 9 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1097 10 mouse mouse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1097 11 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1097 12 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1097 13 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1097 14 tissue tissue NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1097 15 culture culture NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1097 16 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1098 1 Comparison comparison NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1098 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1098 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1098 4 morphology morphology NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1098 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1098 6 three three CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1098 7 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1098 8 Ribonucleoprotein Ribonucleoprotein NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1098 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1098 10 Avian avian JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1098 11 infectious infectious JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1098 12 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1098 13 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1098 14 Generalized generalize VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1098 15 structures structure NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1098 16 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1098 17 5s 5s CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1098 18 ribosomal ribosomal JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1098 19 RNAs rna NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1098 20 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1098 21 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1098 22 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1098 23 associated associate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1098 24 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1098 25 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1098 26 dependent dependent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1098 27 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1098 28 polymerase polymerase NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1098 29 RNA rna NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1098 30 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1098 31 dependent dependent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1098 32 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1098 33 polymerase polymerase NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1098 34 activity activity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1098 35 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1098 36 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1098 37 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1098 38 infected infect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1098 39 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1099 1 Different different JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1099 2 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1099 3 transportation transportation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1099 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1099 5 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1099 6 envelope envelope NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1099 7 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1099 8 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1099 9 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1099 10 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1099 11 E2 E2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1099 12 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1099 13 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1099 14 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1099 15 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1099 16 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1100 1 A a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1100 2 n n NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 2 two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 3 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 4 ofa ofa DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 5 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 6 show show VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 7 different different JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 8 patterns pattern NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 10 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 11 migration migration NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 12 Light light NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 13 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 14 ultrastructural ultrastructural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 15 pathologic pathologic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 16 changes change NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 17 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 18 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 19 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 20 infection infection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 21 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 22 newborn newborn JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 23 calves calf NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 24 Morphology morphology NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 25 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 26 morphogenesis morphogenesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 27 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 28 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 29 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 30 infecting infect VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 31 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 32 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 33 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 34 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 35 newborn newborn JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 36 calves calf NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 37 Cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 38 tropism tropism NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 39 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 40 expression expression NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 41 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 42 mouse mouse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 43 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 44 viruses virus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 46 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 48 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 49 mouse mouse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 50 spinal spinal JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 51 cord cord NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 52 cultures culture NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 53 I -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 54 n n NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 55 vivo vivo NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 56 morphogenesis morphogenesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 57 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 58 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 59 new new JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 60 procine procine NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 61 enteric enteric JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 62 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 63 CV CV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 64 777 777 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 65 Immunopathology Immunopathology NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 66 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 67 mouse mouse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 68 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 69 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 70 type type NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 71 3 3 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 72 infection infection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1101 73 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1102 1 11 11 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1102 2 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1103 1 Effect effect NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1103 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1103 3 immunosuppression immunosuppression NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1103 4 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1103 5 resistant resistant JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1103 6 mice mouse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1104 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1104 2 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1104 3 avian avian JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1104 4 infectious infectious JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1104 5 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1104 6 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1104 7 requires require VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1104 8 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1104 9 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1104 10 nucleus nucleus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1104 11 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1104 12 host host NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1104 13 transcriptional transcriptional JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1104 14 factors factor NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1104 15 Genesis Genesis NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1104 16 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1104 17 Development Development NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1104 18 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1104 19 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1104 20 Scientific Scientific NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1104 21 Fact Fact NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1104 22 Effect effect NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1104 23 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1104 24 cortisone cortisone NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1104 25 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1104 26 genetic genetic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1104 27 resistance resistance NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1104 28 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1104 29 mouse mouse VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1104 30 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1104 31 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1105 1 i i PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1105 2 n n CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1105 3 vivo vivo NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1105 4 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1105 5 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1105 6 uitro uitro NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1105 7 Structure Structure NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1105 8 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1105 9 physiocochemical physiocochemical JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1105 10 properties property NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1105 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1105 12 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1106 1 Col-1oq.-Inst Col-1oq.-Inst NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 2 polypeptide polypeptide JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 3 structure structure NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 5 transmissible transmissible JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 6 gastroenteritis gastroenteritis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 7 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 8 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 9 polypeptide polypeptide JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 10 structure structure NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 12 canine canine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 13 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 14 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 15 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 16 relationship relationship NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 17 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 18 porcine porcine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 19 transmissible transmissible JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 20 gastroenteritis gastroenteritis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 21 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 22 Identification identification NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 23 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 24 heat heat NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 25 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 26 dissociable dissociable NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 27 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 28 complexes complex NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 29 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 30 two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 31 porcine porcine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 32 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 33 Isolation isolation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 34 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 35 subviral subviral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 36 components component NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 37 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 38 transmissible transmissible JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 39 gastroenteritis gastroenteritis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 40 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 41 Antigenicity antigenicity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 42 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 43 structural structural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 44 components component NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 45 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 46 porcine porcine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 47 transmissible transmissible JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 48 gastroenteritis gastroenteritis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 49 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 50 Antigenic antigenic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 51 relationships relationship NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 52 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 53 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 54 detectable detectable JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 55 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 56 plaque plaque NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 57 neutralization neutralization NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1107 58 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 1 competitive competitive JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 2 enzyme enzyme NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 3 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 4 linked link VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 5 immunoabsorbent immunoabsorbent NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 6 assay assay NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 7 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 8 immunoprecipitation immunoprecipitation VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 9 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 10 isolates isolate VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 11 SK SK NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 12 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 13 SD sd NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 14 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 15 multiple multiple JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 16 sclerosis sclerosis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 17 patients patient NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 18 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 19 serologically serologically RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 20 related relate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 21 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 22 murine murine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 23 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 24 A59 A59 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 25 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 26 JHM JHM NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 27 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 28 human human JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 29 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 30 OC43 OC43 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 31 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 32 but but CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 33 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 34 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 35 human human JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 36 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 37 2293 2293 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 38 A a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 39 rapid rapid JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 40 microneutralization microneutralization NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 41 test test NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 42 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 43 antibody antibody NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 44 determination determination NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 45 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 46 serogianosis serogianosis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 47 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 48 human human JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 49 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 50 OC43 OC43 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 51 infections infection NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 52 Antigenic antigenic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 53 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 54 biological biological JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 55 relationships relationship NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 56 between between IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 57 human human JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 58 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 59 OC43 OC43 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 60 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 61 neonatal neonatal JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 62 calf calf NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1108 63 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1109 1 coronavirus coronavirus NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1110 1 A a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1110 2 hemagglutinating hemagglutinate VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1110 3 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1110 4 producing produce VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1110 5 encephalomyelitis encephalomyelitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1110 6 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1110 7 baby baby NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1110 8 pigs pig NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1110 9 Encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1110 10 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1110 11 swine swine NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1110 12 caused cause VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1110 13 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1110 14 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1110 15 haemagglutinating haemagglutinate VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1110 16 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1110 17 Bovine bovine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1110 18 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1110 19 genome genome NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1111 1 A a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1111 2 new new JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1111 3 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1111 4 isolated isolate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1111 5 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1111 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1111 7 human human JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1111 8 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1111 9 tract tract NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1111 10 Growth growth NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1111 11 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1111 12 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1111 13 development development NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1111 14 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1111 15 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1111 16 new new JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1111 17 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1111 18 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1111 19 Tissue tissue NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1111 20 culture culture NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1111 21 cytopathic cytopathic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1111 22 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1111 23 plaque plaque NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1111 24 assays assay NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1111 25 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1111 26 mouse mouse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1111 27 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1111 28 viruses virus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 1 Antigenicity Antigenicity NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 3 mouse mouse NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 4 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 5 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 6 strain strain NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 7 3 3 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 8 subcomponents subcomponent NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 9 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 10 C57 C57 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 11 strain strain NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 12 mice mouse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 13 Serological serological JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 14 relationships relationship NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 15 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 16 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 17 subcomponents subcomponent NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 18 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 19 human human JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 20 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 21 strain strain VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 22 2293 2293 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 23 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 24 mouse mouse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 25 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 26 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 27 strain strain VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 28 3 3 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 29 Temperature temperature NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 30 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 31 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 32 mutants mutant NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 33 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 34 mouse mouse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 35 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 36 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 37 produce produce VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 38 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 39 high high JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 40 incidence incidence NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 41 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 42 demyelination demyelination NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 43 Natural natural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 44 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 45 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 46 mediated mediate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 47 cytotoxicity cytotoxicity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 48 against against IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 49 mouse mouse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 50 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 51 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 52 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 53 MHV mhv NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 54 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 55 infected infect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1112 56 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1113 1 Conformation conformation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1113 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1113 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1113 4 helical helical JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1113 5 nucleocapsids nucleocapsid NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1113 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1113 7 paramyxoviruses paramyxovirus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1113 8 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1113 9 vesicular vesicular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1113 10 stomatitis stomatitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1113 11 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1113 12 : : : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1114 1 Reversible reversible JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1114 2 coiling coiling NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1114 3 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1114 4 uncoiling uncoil VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1114 5 induced induce VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1114 6 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1114 7 changes change NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1114 8 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1114 9 salt salt NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1114 10 concentration concentration NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1114 11 Studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1114 12 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1114 13 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1114 14 helical helical JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1114 15 nucleocopsid nucleocopsid NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1114 16 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1114 17 influenza influenza NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1114 18 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1114 19 Virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1114 20 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1114 21 specific specific JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1114 22 transcription transcription NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1114 23 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1114 24 bovine bovine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1114 25 papillomavirus papillomavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1114 26 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1114 27 transformed transform VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1114 28 mouse mouse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1114 29 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1114 30 On on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1114 31 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1114 32 entry entry NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1114 33 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1114 34 Semliki Semliki NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1114 35 Forest Forest NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1114 36 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1114 37 into into IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1114 38 BHK-21 BHK-21 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1114 39 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 2 entry entry NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 4 viruses virus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 5 into into IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 6 animal animal NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 7 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 8 Inhibition inhibition NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 10 Semliki Semliki NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 11 Forest Forest NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 12 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 13 penetration penetration NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 14 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 15 lysosomotropic lysosomotropic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 16 weak weak JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 17 bases basis NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 18 Protein Protein NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 19 composition composition NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 20 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 21 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 22 OC43 OC43 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 23 Replication Replication NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 24 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 25 plaque plaque NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 26 formation formation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 27 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 28 mouse mouse NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 29 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 30 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 32 MHV-2 MHV-2 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 34 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 35 mouse mouse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 36 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 37 line line NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 38 DBT DBT NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 39 culture culture NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 40 Mouse Mouse NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 41 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 42 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 44 MHV-2 mhv-2 NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 46 : : : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 47 Plaque plaque NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 48 assay assay NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 49 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 50 propagation propagation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 51 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 52 mouse mouse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 53 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 54 line line NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 55 DBT DBT NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 56 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 57 Utility utility NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 58 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 59 mouse mouse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 60 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 61 line line NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 62 DBT dbt NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 63 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 64 propagation propagation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 65 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 66 assay assay NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 67 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 68 mouse mouse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 69 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 70 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 71 Persistent persistent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 72 infection infection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 73 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 74 mouse mouse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 75 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 76 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 77 JHM JHM NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 78 strain strain VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 79 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 80 DBT DBT NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 81 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1115 82 culture culture NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1116 1 Rapid rapid JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1116 2 evolution evolution NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1116 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1116 4 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1116 5 genomes genome NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1116 6 Evolution evolution NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1116 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1116 8 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1116 9 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1116 10 during during IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1116 11 persistent persistent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1116 12 infection infection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1116 13 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1116 14 uitro uitro NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1117 1 Tunicamycin Tunicamycin NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1117 2 resistant resistant JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1117 3 glycosylation glycosylation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1117 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1117 5 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1117 6 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1117 7 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1117 8 : : : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 1 Demonstration demonstration NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 3 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 4 novel novel JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 5 type type NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 7 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 8 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 9 Analysis Analysis NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 10 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 11 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 12 functions function NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 13 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 14 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 15 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 16 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 17 differential differential JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 18 inhibition inhibition NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 19 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 20 synthesis synthesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 21 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 22 tunicamycin.ln tunicamycin.ln , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 23 " " `` cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 24 Biochemistry Biochemistry NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 25 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 26 Biology Biology NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 27 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 28 Coronaviruses Coronaviruses NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 29 Antigenic Antigenic NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 30 relationships relationship NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 31 among among IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 32 homologous homologous JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 33 structural structural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 34 polypeptides polypeptide NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 35 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 36 procine procine NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 37 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 38 feline feline JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 39 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 40 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 41 canine canine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 42 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 43 Contribution Contribution NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 44 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 45 oligosaccharide oligosaccharide NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 46 sulfation sulfation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 47 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 48 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 49 charge charge NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 50 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 51 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 52 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 53 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 54 Influenza influenza NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 55 viruses virus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 56 cause cause VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 57 hemolysis hemolysis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 58 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 59 fusion fusion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 60 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 61 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 62 Sulfation Sulfation NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 63 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 64 tyrosine tyrosine NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 65 residues residue NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 66 - - : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 67 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 68 widespread widespread JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 69 modification modification NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 70 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1118 71 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 2 synthesis synthesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 4 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 5 subgenomic subgenomic NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 6 mRNAs mRNAs NNPS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 8 mouse mouse NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 9 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 10 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 11 is be VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 12 initiated initiate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 13 independently independently RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 14 : : : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 15 evidence evidence NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 16 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 17 UV uv NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 18 transcription transcription NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 19 mapping mapping NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 20 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 21 cellular cellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 22 nature nature NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 23 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 24 genetic genetic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 25 sysceptibility sysceptibility NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 26 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 27 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 28 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 29 Isolation isolation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 30 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 31 man man NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 32 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 33 " " `` cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 34 Avian avian JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 35 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 36 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 37 - - : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 38 like like JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 39 " " `` cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 40 viruses virus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 42 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 44 similar similar JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 45 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 46 2293 2293 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 47 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 48 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 49 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 50 some some DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 51 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 52 observations observation NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 53 Some some DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 54 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 55 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 56 hemagglutination hemagglutination NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 57 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 58 certain certain JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 59 strains strain NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 60 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 61 " " `` cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 62 IBV IBV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 63 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 64 like like JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 65 " " '' cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 66 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 67 Heparan Heparan NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 68 sulfate sulfate NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 69 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 70 Swiss swiss JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 71 mouse mouse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 72 3T3 3t3 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 73 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 74 SV3T3 sv3t3 NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 75 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 76 : : : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 77 0-sulfate 0-sulfate CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 78 difference difference NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 79 Characterization characterization NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 80 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 81 glycosaminoglycans glycosaminoglycan NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 82 associated associate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 83 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 84 Rauscher Rauscher NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 85 murine murine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 86 leukemia leukemia NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 87 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 88 Isolation isolation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 89 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 90 morphology morphology NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 91 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 92 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 93 internal internal JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 94 component component NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 95 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 96 human human JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 97 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 98 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 99 strain strain VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 100 2293 2293 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 101 Bovine bovine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 102 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 103 structural structural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 104 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 105 Cotranslational Cotranslational NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 106 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 107 posttranslational posttranslational JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 108 processing processing NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 109 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 110 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 111 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 112 Host host NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 113 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 114 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 115 factors factor NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 116 associated associate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 117 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 118 CNS CNS NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 119 cellular cellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 120 tropism tropism NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 121 leading lead VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 122 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 123 encephalomyelitis encephalomyelitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 124 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 125 demyelination demyelination NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 126 induced induce VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 127 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 128 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 129 JHM JHM NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 130 strain strain NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 131 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 132 mouse mouse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 133 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 134 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 135 Mouse Mouse NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 136 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 137 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 138 type type NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 139 4 4 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 140 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 141 JHM JHM NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 142 strain strain VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 143 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 144 induced induce VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 145 fatal fatal JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 146 nervous nervous JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 147 system system NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 148 disease disease NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1119 149 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 1 Part part NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 2 I. I. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 3 Genetic genetic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 4 control control NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 5 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 7 murine murine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 8 neuron neuron NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 9 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 10 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 11 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 12 site site NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 13 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 14 disease disease NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 15 Selective selective JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 16 localization localization NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 17 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 18 wild wild JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 19 type type NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 20 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 21 mutant mutant JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 22 mouse mouse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 23 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 24 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 26 JHM JHM NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 27 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 28 strain strain NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 30 antigens antigen NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 31 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 32 CNS CNS NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 33 tissue tissue NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 34 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 35 fluorescence fluorescence NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 36 light light NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 37 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 38 electron electron NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 39 microscopy microscopy NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 40 Virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 41 persistence persistence NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 42 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 43 recurring recur VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 44 demyelination demyelination NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 45 produced produce VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 46 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 47 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 48 temperature temperature NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 49 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 50 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 51 mutant mutant NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 52 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 53 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 54 Isolation Isolation NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 55 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 56 biochemical biochemical JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 57 characterization characterization NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 58 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 59 21 21 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 60 temperature temperature NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 61 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 62 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 63 mutants mutant NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 64 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 65 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 66 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 67 A59 A59 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1120 68 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1121 1 A a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1121 2 bstr bstr NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1121 3 Temperature temperature NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1121 4 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1121 5 mutants mutant NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1121 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1121 7 mouse mouse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1121 8 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1121 9 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1121 10 strain strain VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1121 11 A59 A59 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1121 12 : : : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1121 13 Isolation isolation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1121 14 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1121 15 characterization characterization NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1121 16 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1121 17 neuropathogenic neuropathogenic NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1121 18 properties property NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1121 19 Enzyme Enzyme NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1121 20 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1121 21 linked link VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1121 22 immuno immuno JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1121 23 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1121 24 sorbent sorbent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1121 25 assay assay NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1121 26 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1121 27 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1121 28 HCV229E HCV229E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1121 29 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1121 30 MHV-3 MHV-3 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1121 31 High high JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1121 32 molecular molecular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1121 33 weight weight NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1121 34 heparan heparan NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1121 35 sulfate sulfate NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1121 36 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1121 37 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1121 38 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1121 39 surface surface NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1121 40 Early early JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1121 41 interaction interaction NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1121 42 between between IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1121 43 mouse mouse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1121 44 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1121 45 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1121 46 3 3 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1121 47 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1121 48 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1122 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1122 2 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1122 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1122 4 mouse mouse NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1122 5 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1122 6 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1122 7 Comparative Comparative NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1122 8 analysis analysis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1122 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1122 10 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1122 11 genomes genome NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1122 12 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1122 13 mouse mouse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1122 14 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1122 15 viruses virus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1122 16 Mouse Mouse NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1122 17 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1122 18 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1122 19 A59 A59 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1122 20 messenger messenger NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1122 21 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1122 22 structure structure NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1122 23 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1122 24 genetic genetic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1122 25 localization localization NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1122 26 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1122 27 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1122 28 sequence sequence NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1122 29 divergence divergence NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1122 30 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1122 31 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1122 32 hepatropic hepatropic NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1122 33 strain strain VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1122 34 MHV3 MHV3 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1123 1 Further further JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1123 2 characterization characterization NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1123 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1123 4 mouse mouse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1123 5 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1123 6 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1123 7 : : : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1123 8 Presence presence NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1123 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1123 10 common common JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1123 11 5'-end 5'-end CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1123 12 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1123 13 Replication replication NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1123 14 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1123 15 mouse mouse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1123 16 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1123 17 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1123 18 : : : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1124 1 Negative negative JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1124 2 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1124 3 stranded strand VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1124 4 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1124 5 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1124 6 replicative replicative JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1124 7 form form NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1124 8 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1124 9 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1124 10 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1124 11 genome genome NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1124 12 length length NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1125 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1125 2 polypeptides polypeptide NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1125 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1125 4 infectious infectious JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1125 5 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1125 6 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1125 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1125 8 IBV-41 IBV-41 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1125 9 strain strain NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1125 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1126 1 Preliminary preliminary JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1126 2 report report NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1126 3 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1126 4 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1126 5 observation observation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1126 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1126 7 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1126 8 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1126 9 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1126 10 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1126 11 intestine intestine NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1126 12 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1126 13 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1126 14 laboratory laboratory NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1126 15 rabbit rabbit NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1126 16 Growth Growth NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1126 17 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1126 18 human human JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1126 19 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1126 20 canine canine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1126 21 enteric enteric JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1126 22 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1126 23 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1126 24 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1126 25 highly highly RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1126 26 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1126 27 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1126 28 line line NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1126 29 : : : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1126 30 HRT18 HRT18 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1127 1 Influence influence NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1127 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1127 3 type type NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1127 4 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1127 5 concentration concentration NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1127 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1127 7 sera sera NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1127 8 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1127 9 uitro uitro NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1127 10 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1127 11 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1127 12 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1127 13 genetically genetically RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1127 14 resistant resistant JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1127 15 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1127 16 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1127 17 mouse mouse VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1127 18 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1127 19 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1128 1 Murine murine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1128 2 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1129 1 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1130 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1130 2 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1130 3 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1130 4 specific specific JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1130 5 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1130 6 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1130 7 species specie NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1130 8 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1130 9 two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1130 10 murine murine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1130 11 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1130 12 Genetic genetic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1130 13 analysis analysis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1130 14 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1130 15 murine murine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1130 16 Cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1130 17 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1130 18 free free JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1130 19 translation translation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1130 20 393 393 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1130 21 - - SYM cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1130 22 402 402 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1130 23 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1131 1 ogy ogy NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1131 2 114 114 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1131 3 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1131 4 29 29 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1131 5 - - SYM cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1131 6 51 51 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1131 7 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1132 1 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1132 2 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1132 3 strain strain NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1132 4 JHM JHM NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1132 5 Immunopathology Immunopathology NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1132 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1132 7 mouse mouse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1132 8 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1132 9 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1132 10 type type NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1132 11 3 3 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1132 12 infection infection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1132 13 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1133 1 111 111 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1133 2 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1134 1 Clinical clinical JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1134 2 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1134 3 virologic virologic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1134 4 observation observation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1134 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1134 6 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1134 7 persistent persistent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1134 8 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1134 9 infection infection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1134 10 Are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1134 11 snRNPs snrnps RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1134 12 involved involve VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1134 13 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1134 14 splicing splicing NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1134 15 ? ? . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1135 1 Host host NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1135 2 antigens antigen NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1135 3 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1135 4 eveloped eveloped NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1135 5 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1135 6 viruses virus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1135 7 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1136 1 Zn Zn NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1136 2 " " `` cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1136 3 Virus Virus NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1136 4 Infection Infection NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1136 5 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1136 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1136 7 Cell Cell NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1136 8 Surface Surface NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1136 9 Biological biological JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1136 10 properties property NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1136 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1136 12 avian avian JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1136 13 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1136 14 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1136 15 Polypeptides Polypeptides NNPS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1136 16 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1136 17 infectious infectious JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1136 18 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1136 19 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1136 20 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1137 1 I. I. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1137 2 Polypeptides Polypeptides NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1137 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1137 4 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1137 5 virion virion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1137 6 Coronaviruses Coronaviruses NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1137 7 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1138 1 A a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1138 2 comparative comparative JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1138 3 review review NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1138 4 Recovery recovery NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1138 5 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1138 6 tracheal tracheal JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1138 7 organ organ NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1138 8 cultures culture NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1138 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1138 10 novel novel NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1138 11 viruses virus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1138 12 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1138 13 patients patient NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1138 14 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1138 15 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1138 16 disease disease NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1138 17 Growth growth NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1138 18 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1138 19 suckling suckle VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1138 20 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1138 21 mouse mouse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1138 22 brain brain NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1138 23 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1138 24 " " `` cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1138 25 IBV IBV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1138 26 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1138 27 like like JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1138 28 " " '' cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1138 29 viruses virus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1138 30 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1138 31 patients patient NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1138 32 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1138 33 upper upper JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1138 34 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1138 35 tract tract NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1138 36 disease disease NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1138 37 Antigenic antigenic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1138 38 relationships relationship NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1138 39 among among IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1138 40 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1138 41 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1138 42 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1138 43 man man NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1138 44 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1138 45 between between IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1138 46 human human JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1138 47 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1138 48 animal animal NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1138 49 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1139 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1139 2 polypeptides polypeptide NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1139 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1139 4 human human NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1139 5 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1139 6 mouse mouse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1139 7 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1139 8 Structural structural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1139 9 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1139 10 antigenic antigenic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1139 11 relationships relationship NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1139 12 between between IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1139 13 human human JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1139 14 murine murine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1139 15 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1139 16 avian avian JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1139 17 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1140 1 Two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1140 2 particle particle NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1140 3 types type NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1140 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1140 5 avian avian JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1140 6 infectious infectious JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1140 7 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1140 8 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1140 9 Human human JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1140 10 enteric enteric JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1140 11 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1141 1 : : : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1141 2 Brief brief JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1141 3 review review NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1141 4 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1141 5 polypeptide polypeptide JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1141 6 composition composition NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1141 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1141 8 avian avian JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1141 9 infectious infectious JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1141 10 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1141 11 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1141 12 particles particle NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1142 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1142 2 characterization characterization NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1142 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1142 4 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1142 5 virion virion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1142 6 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1142 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1142 8 avian avian JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1142 9 infectious infectious JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1142 10 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1142 11 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1143 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1143 2 genome genome NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1143 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1143 4 human human JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1143 5 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1143 6 strain strain NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1143 7 2293 2293 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1143 8 Mouse Mouse NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1143 9 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1143 10 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1143 11 strain strain VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1143 12 3 3 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1143 13 infection infection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1143 14 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1143 15 C57 C57 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1143 16 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1143 17 AlSn AlSn NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1143 18 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1143 19 AIJ AIJ NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1143 20 strain strain VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1143 21 mice mouse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1143 22 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1143 23 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1143 24 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1144 1 Ribonucleoprotein ribonucleoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1144 2 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1144 3 like like JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1144 4 structures structure NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1144 5 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1144 6 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1144 7 particles particle NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1144 8 Infectivity infectivity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1144 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1144 10 human human JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1144 11 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1144 12 strain strain VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1144 13 2293 2293 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1144 14 Antibody Antibody NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1144 15 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1144 16 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1144 17 components component NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1144 18 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1144 19 volunteers volunteer NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1144 20 experimentally experimentally RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1144 21 infected infect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1144 22 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1144 23 HCV HCV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1144 24 2293 2293 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1144 25 group group NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1144 26 viruses virus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1144 27 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1144 28 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1144 29 dependent dependent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1144 30 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1144 31 polymerase polymerase NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1144 32 activity activity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1144 33 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1144 34 murine murine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1144 35 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1144 36 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1144 37 infected infect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1144 38 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1145 1 Observations observation NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1145 2 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1145 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1145 4 growth growth NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1145 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1145 6 mouse mouse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1145 7 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1145 8 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1145 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1145 10 MHV-3 MHV-3 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1145 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1145 12 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1145 13 mouse mouse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1145 14 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1145 15 Effect effect NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1145 16 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1145 17 chloroquine chloroquine NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1145 18 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1145 19 lysosomes lysosome NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1145 20 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1145 21 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1145 22 growth growth NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1145 23 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1145 24 mouse mouse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1145 25 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1145 26 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1145 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1145 28 MHV-3 MHV-3 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1145 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1146 1 A a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1146 2 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1146 3 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1146 4 complicating complicate VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1146 5 studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1146 6 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1146 7 mouse mouse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1146 8 leukemia leukemia NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1146 9 Adsorptive Adsorptive NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1146 10 endocytosis endocytosis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1146 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1146 12 Semliki Semliki NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1146 13 Forest Forest NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1146 14 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1146 15 Assembly Assembly NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1146 16 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1146 17 mouse mouse NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1146 18 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1146 19 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1146 20 strain strain NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1146 21 JHM JHM NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1147 1 In in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1147 2 uiuo uiuo NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1147 3 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1147 4 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1147 5 vitro vitro FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1147 6 models model NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1147 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1147 8 demyelinating demyelinate VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1147 9 diseases disease NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1147 10 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 1 V. V. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 2 Comparison Comparison NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 4 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 5 assembly assembly NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 7 mouse mouse NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 8 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 9 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 10 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 11 strain strain NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 12 JHM JHM NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 13 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 14 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 15 two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 16 murine murine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 17 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 18 lines line NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 19 Infectious infectious JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 20 entry entry NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 21 pathway pathway NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 22 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 23 influenza influenza NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 24 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 25 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 26 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 27 canine canine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 28 kidney kidney NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 29 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 30 line line NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 31 Pathway Pathway NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 32 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 33 vesicular vesicular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 34 stomatitis stomatitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 35 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 36 entry entry NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 37 leading lead VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 38 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 39 infection infection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 40 Characteristics characteristic NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 41 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 42 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 43 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 45 strain strain NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 46 67N 67n CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 48 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 49 pigs pig NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 50 Multiplication multiplication NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 51 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 52 cytopathogenicity cytopathogenicity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 53 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 54 mouse mouse NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 55 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 56 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 57 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 58 mouse mouse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 59 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1148 60 cultures culture NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1149 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1149 2 cellular cellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1149 3 site site NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1149 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1149 5 sulfation sulfation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1149 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1149 7 influenza influenza NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1149 8 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1149 9 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1149 10 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1149 11 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1149 12 E e NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1149 13 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1149 14 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1149 15 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1149 16 new new JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1149 17 type type NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1149 18 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1149 19 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1149 20 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1149 21 Glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1149 22 E E NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1149 23 l l NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1149 24 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1149 25 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1149 26 A59 A59 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1149 27 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1150 1 A a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1150 2 new new JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1150 3 type type NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1150 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1150 5 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1150 6 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1150 7 Post post JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1150 8 - - JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1150 9 translational translational JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1150 10 glycosylation glycosylation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1150 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1150 12 corona corona NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1150 13 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1150 14 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1150 15 El El NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1150 16 : : : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1151 1 Inhibition inhibition NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1151 2 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1151 3 monensin monensin NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1151 4 Structure Structure NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1151 5 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1151 6 metabolism metabolism NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1151 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1151 8 rat rat NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1151 9 liver liver NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1151 10 heparan heparan NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1151 11 sulfate sulfate NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1151 12 Cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1151 13 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1151 14 surface surface NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1151 15 heparan heparan NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1151 16 sulfate sulfate NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1151 17 : : : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1151 18 Isolation isolation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1151 19 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1151 20 characterization characterization NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1151 21 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1151 22 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1151 23 proteoglycan proteoglycan NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1151 24 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1151 25 rat rat NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1151 26 liver liver NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1151 27 membranes membrane NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1152 1 Coronaviruses Coronaviruses NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1152 2 Electron Electron NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1152 3 microscopic microscopic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1152 4 studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1152 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1152 6 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1152 7 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1152 8 Plaque Plaque NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1152 9 formation formation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1152 10 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1152 11 IBV IBV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1152 12 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1152 13 1 1 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1152 14 CEF CEF NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1152 15 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1152 16 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1152 17 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1152 18 presence presence NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1152 19 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1152 20 trypsin trypsin NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1152 21 Studies Studies NNPS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1152 22 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1152 23 avian avian JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1152 24 infectious infectious JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1152 25 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1152 26 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1152 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1152 28 IBV IBV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1152 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1152 30 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1153 1 11 11 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1153 2 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1154 1 Propagation propagation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1154 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1154 3 IBV IBV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1154 4 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1154 5 several several JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1154 6 cultured cultured JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1154 7 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1154 8 Rat rat NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1154 9 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1154 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1154 11 RCV RCV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1154 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1154 13 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1154 14 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1154 15 prevalent prevalent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1154 16 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1154 17 naturally naturally RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1154 18 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1154 19 occurring occur VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1154 20 pneumotropic pneumotropic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1154 21 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1154 22 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1154 23 rats rat NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1154 24 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1155 1 Arch Arch NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1155 2 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1156 1 Gesumte Gesumte NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1156 2 Virusforsch Virusforsch NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1156 3 Electron Electron NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1156 4 microscope microscope NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1156 5 observations observation NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1156 6 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1156 7 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1156 8 entry entry NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1156 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1156 10 avian avian JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1156 11 infectious infectious JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1156 12 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1156 13 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1156 14 into into IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1156 15 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1156 16 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1157 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1157 2 distribution distribution NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1157 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1157 4 human human JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1157 5 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1157 6 strain strain VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1157 7 2293 2293 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1157 8 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1157 9 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1157 10 surface surface NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1157 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1157 12 human human JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1157 13 diploid diploid JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1157 14 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1157 15 Antigenic antigenic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1157 16 relationships relationship NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1157 17 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1157 18 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1157 19 feline feline JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1157 20 infectious infectious JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1157 21 peritonitis peritonitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1157 22 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1157 23 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1157 24 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1157 25 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1157 26 other other JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1157 27 species specie NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1158 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1158 2 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1158 3 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1159 1 Clinical clinical JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1159 2 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1159 3 structural structural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1159 4 aspects aspect NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1159 5 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1159 6 some some DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1159 7 practical practical JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1159 8 implications implication NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1160 1 An an DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1160 2 immunoelectron immunoelectron NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1160 3 microscopic microscopic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1160 4 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1160 5 immunofluorescent immunofluorescent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1160 6 study study NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1160 7 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1160 8 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1160 9 antigenic antigenic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1160 10 relationship relationship NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1160 11 between between IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1160 12 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1160 13 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1160 14 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1160 15 like like JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1160 16 agent agent NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1160 17 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1160 18 CV777 cv777 UH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1160 19 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1160 20 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1160 21 several several JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1160 22 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1161 1 Glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1161 2 micelles micelle NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1161 3 isolated isolate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1161 4 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1161 5 VSV VSV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1161 6 spontaneously spontaneously RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1161 7 partition partition VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1161 8 into into IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1161 9 sonicated sonicated JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1161 10 phosphatidylcholine phosphatidylcholine NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1161 11 vesicles vesicle NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1161 12 Lipids lipid NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1161 13 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1161 14 transmissible transmissible JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1161 15 gastroenteritis gastroenteritis JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1161 16 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1161 17 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1161 18 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1161 19 relation relation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1161 20 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1161 21 those those DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1161 22 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1161 23 two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1161 24 different different JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1161 25 host host NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1161 26 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1161 27 Sulfated Sulfated NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1161 28 components component NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1161 29 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1161 30 enveloped envelop VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1161 31 viruses virus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1161 32 Effect Effect NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1161 33 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1161 34 sulphydryl sulphydryl NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1161 35 reagents reagent NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1161 36 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1161 37 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1161 38 biological biological JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1161 39 activities activity NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1161 40 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1161 41 polypeptide polypeptide JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1161 42 composition composition NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1161 43 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1161 44 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1161 45 morphology morphology NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1161 46 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1161 47 haemagglutinating haemagglutinate VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1161 48 encephalomyelitis encephalomyelitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1161 49 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1162 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1162 2 influence influence NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1162 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1162 4 pH ph NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1162 5 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1162 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1162 7 growth growth NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1162 8 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1162 9 stability stability NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1162 10 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1162 11 transmissible transmissible JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1162 12 gastroenteritis gastroenteritis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1162 13 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1163 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1163 2 polypeptides polypeptide NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1163 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1163 4 haemagglutinating haemagglutinate VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1163 5 encephalomyelitis encephalomyelitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1163 6 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1163 7 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1163 8 isolated isolate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1163 9 subviral subviral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1163 10 particles particle NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1164 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1164 2 carbohydrate carbohydrate NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1164 3 structure structure NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1164 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1164 5 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1164 6 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1164 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1164 8 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1164 9 paramyxovirus paramyxovirus NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1164 10 SV5 SV5 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1164 11 grown grow VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1164 12 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1164 13 bovine bovine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1164 14 kidney kidney NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1164 15 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1164 16 Metabolism metabolism NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1164 17 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1164 18 sulfated sulfated JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1164 19 glycosaminoglycan glycosaminoglycan NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1164 20 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1164 21 rat rat NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1164 22 hepatocytes hepatocyte NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1164 23 : : : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1164 24 Synthesis synthesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1164 25 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1164 26 heparan heparan NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1164 27 sulfate sulfate NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1164 28 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1164 29 distribution distribution NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1164 30 into into IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1164 31 cellular cellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1164 32 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1164 33 extracellular extracellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1164 34 pools pool NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1164 35 Differentiation differentiation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1164 36 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1164 37 canine canine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1164 38 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1164 39 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1164 40 porcine porcine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1164 41 transmissible transmissible JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1164 42 gastroenteritis gastroenteritis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1164 43 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1164 44 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1164 45 neutralization neutralization NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1164 46 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1164 47 canine canine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1164 48 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1164 49 porcine porcine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1164 50 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1164 51 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1164 52 feline feline JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1164 53 sera sera NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1165 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1165 2 attachment attachment NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1165 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1165 4 mouse mouse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1165 5 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1165 6 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1165 7 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1165 8 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1165 9 plasma plasma NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1165 10 membrane membrane NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1165 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1165 12 L2 l2 NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1165 13 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1165 14 Pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1165 15 murine murine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1165 16 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1165 17 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1166 1 I. I. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1166 2 Characterization characterization NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1166 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1166 4 biological biological JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1166 5 behaviour behaviour NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1166 6 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1166 7 uitro uitro NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1166 8 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1166 9 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1166 10 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1166 11 specific specific JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1166 12 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1166 13 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1166 14 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1166 15 strongly strongly RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1166 16 neurotropic neurotropic NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1166 17 JHMV JHMV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1166 18 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1166 19 weakly weakly RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1166 20 neurotropic neurotropic NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1166 21 A59V A59V NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1166 22 viruses virus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1166 23 Pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1166 24 murine murine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1166 25 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1166 26 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1167 1 111 111 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1167 2 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 1 Biological biological JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 2 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 3 biochemical biochemical JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 4 characterization characterization NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 6 temperature temperature NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 7 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 8 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 9 mutants mutant NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 10 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 11 JHMV JHMV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 12 Structure Structure NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 13 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 14 metabolism metabolism NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 15 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 16 connective connective JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 17 tissue tissue NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 18 proteoglycans proteoglycan NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 19 Asymmetric asymmetric JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 20 budding budding NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 21 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 22 viruses virus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 23 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 24 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 25 monolayers monolayer NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 26 : : : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 27 A a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 28 model model NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 29 system system NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 30 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 31 study study NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 32 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 33 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 34 polarity polarity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 35 Glycosaminoglycans Glycosaminoglycans NNPS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 36 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 37 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 38 substrate substrate JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 39 adhesion adhesion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 40 sites site NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 41 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 42 normal normal JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 43 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 44 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 45 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 46 transformed transform VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 47 murine murine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 48 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 49 Translation translation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 50 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 51 three three CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 52 mouse mouse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 53 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 54 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 55 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 56 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 57 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 58 A59 A59 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 59 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 60 subgenomic subgenomic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 61 RNAs rna NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 62 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 63 Xenopus Xenopus NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 64 laevis laevi NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 65 oocytes oocyte NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 66 Viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 67 protein protein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 68 synthesis synthesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 69 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 70 mouse mouse NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 71 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 72 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 73 train train NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 74 A59-infected A59-infected NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 75 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1168 76 : : : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1169 1 Effect effect NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1169 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1169 3 tunicamycin tunicamycin NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1170 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1170 2 role role NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1170 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1170 4 lysosomes lysosome NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1170 5 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1170 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1170 7 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1170 8 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1170 9 experimental experimental JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1170 10 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1170 11 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1170 12 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1171 1 A a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1171 2 m m NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1171 3 Translation translation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1171 4 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1171 5 processing processing NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1171 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1171 7 alphavirus alphavirus NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1171 8 proteins proteins NNPS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1171 9 Acylation Acylation NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1171 10 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1171 11 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1171 12 spike spike NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1171 13 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1171 14 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1171 15 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1171 16 feature feature NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1171 17 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1171 18 enveloped envelop VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1171 19 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1171 20 viruses virus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1171 21 Acylation Acylation NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1171 22 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1171 23 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1171 24 - - : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1171 25 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1171 26 new new JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1171 27 type type NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1171 28 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1171 29 modification modification NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1171 30 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1171 31 membrane membrane NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1171 32 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1171 33 Fatty fatty JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1171 34 acid acid NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1171 35 binding bind VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1171 36 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1171 37 vesicular vesicular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1171 38 stomatitis stomatitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1171 39 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1171 40 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1171 41 : : : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 1 A a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 2 new new JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 3 type type NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 5 post post JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 6 - - JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 7 translational translational JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 8 modification modification NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 10 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 11 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 12 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 13 Relation relation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 14 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 15 fatty fatty JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 16 acid acid NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 17 attachment attachment NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 18 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 19 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 20 translation translation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 21 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 22 maturation maturation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 23 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 24 vesicular vesicular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 25 stomatitis stomatitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 26 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 27 Sindbis Sindbis NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 28 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 29 membrane membrane NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 30 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 31 Evidence evidence NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 32 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 33 covalent covalent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 34 attachment attachment NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 35 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 36 fatty fatty JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 37 acids acid NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 38 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 39 Sindbis Sindbis NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 40 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 41 glycoproteins glycoprotein VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 42 Immunogenicity immunogenicity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 43 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 44 antigenicity antigenicity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 45 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 46 human human JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 47 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 48 2293 2293 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 49 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 50 OC43 OC43 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 51 Polypeptides Polypeptides NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 52 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 53 functions function NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 54 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 55 antigens antigen NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 56 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 57 human human JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 58 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 59 2293 2293 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 60 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 61 OC43 OC43 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 62 Plaque Plaque NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 63 assay assay NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 64 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 65 improved improved JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 66 yield yield NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 67 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 68 human human JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 69 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 70 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 71 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 72 human human JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 73 rhabdomyosarcoma rhabdomyosarcoma NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 74 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 75 line line NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 76 Presence Presence NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 77 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 78 infectious infectious JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 79 polyadenylated polyadenylated JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 80 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 81 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 82 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 83 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 84 avian avian JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 85 infectious infectious JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 86 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 87 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 88 Characterization characterization NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 89 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 90 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 91 calf calf NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 92 diarrheal diarrheal JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 93 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1172 94 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1173 1 A a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1173 2 m m NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1174 1 In in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1174 2 uztro uztro JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1174 3 interaction interaction NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1174 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1174 5 mouse mouse NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1174 6 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1174 7 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1174 8 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1174 9 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1174 10 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1174 11 genetically genetically RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1174 12 resistant resistant JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1174 13 mice mouse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1174 14 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1175 1 I. I. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1175 2 Adsorption Adsorption NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1175 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1175 4 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1175 5 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1175 6 growth growth NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1175 7 curves curve NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1176 1 Cellfree cellfree JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1176 2 synthesis synthesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1176 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1176 4 structural structural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1176 5 protein protein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1176 6 p60 p60 NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1176 7 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1176 8 JHM JHM NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1176 9 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1177 1 A a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1177 2 virionassociated virionassociated JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1177 3 protein protein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1177 4 kinase kinase NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1177 5 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1177 6 JHM JHM NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1177 7 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1178 1 Intracellular Intracellular NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1178 2 protein protein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1178 3 synthesis synthesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1179 1 Intracellular Intracellular NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1179 2 protein protein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1179 3 synthesis synthesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1179 4 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1179 5 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1179 6 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1179 7 uitro uitro NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1179 8 translation translation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1179 9 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1179 10 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1179 11 JHM JHM NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1179 12 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1180 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1180 2 structure structure NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1180 3 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1180 4 replication replication NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1180 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1180 6 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1180 7 Rabbit Rabbit NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1180 8 cardiomyopathy cardiomyopathy NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1180 9 associated associate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1180 10 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1180 11 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1180 12 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1180 13 antigenically antigenically RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1180 14 related relate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1180 15 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1180 16 human human JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1180 17 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1180 18 strain strain NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1180 19 2293 2293 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1180 20 Isolation isolation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1180 21 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1180 22 identification identification NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1180 23 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1180 24 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1180 25 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1180 26 specific specific JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1180 27 mRNAs mRNAs NNPS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1180 28 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1180 29 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1180 30 infected infect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1180 31 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1180 32 mouse mouse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1180 33 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1180 34 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1180 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1180 36 MHV MHV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1180 37 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1180 38 A59 A59 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1180 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1181 1 Sequence sequence NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1181 2 relationships relationship NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1181 3 between between IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1181 4 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1181 5 genome genome NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1181 6 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1181 7 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1181 8 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1181 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1181 10 species specie NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1181 11 1,3,6 1,3,6 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1181 12 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1181 13 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1181 14 7 7 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1181 15 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1181 16 mouse mouse NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1181 17 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1181 18 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1181 19 strain strain VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1181 20 A59 A59 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1181 21 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1181 22 multiplication multiplication NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1181 23 strategy strategy NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1181 24 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1182 1 I. I. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1182 2 Identification identification NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1182 3 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1182 4 characterization characterization NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1182 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1182 6 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1182 7 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1182 8 specified specify VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1182 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1182 10 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1182 11 multiplication multiplication NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1182 12 strategy strategy NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1182 13 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1183 1 11 11 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1183 2 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1184 1 Mapping map VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1184 2 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1184 3 avian avian JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1184 4 infectious infectious JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1184 5 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1184 6 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1184 7 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1184 8 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1184 9 species specie NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1184 10 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1184 11 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1184 12 genome genome NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1184 13 Synthesis synthesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1184 14 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1184 15 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1184 16 mRNAs mrnas XX cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1184 17 : : : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1185 1 Kinetics kinetic NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1185 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1185 3 inactivation inactivation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1185 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1185 5 IBV IBV NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1185 6 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1185 7 synthesis synthesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1185 8 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1185 9 UV uv NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1185 10 light light JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1185 11 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1185 12 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1185 13 : : : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1185 14 Biogenesis biogenesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1185 15 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1185 16 avian avian JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1185 17 infectious infectious JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1185 18 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1185 19 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1185 20 virion virion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1185 21 proteins protein VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1185 22 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1185 23 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1185 24 : : : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1186 1 Structure structure NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1186 2 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1186 3 function function NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1186 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1186 5 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1186 6 oligosaccharides oligosaccharide NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1186 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1186 8 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1186 9 avian avian JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1186 10 infectious infectious JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1186 11 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1186 12 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1186 13 glycoproteins glycoprotein VBZ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1186 14 Structural structural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1186 15 analysis analysis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1186 16 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1186 17 virion virion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1186 18 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1186 19 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1186 20 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1186 21 avian avian JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1186 22 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1186 23 infectious infectious JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1186 24 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1186 25 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1186 26 Macrophages macrophages NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1186 27 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1186 28 resistance resistance NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1186 29 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1186 30 JHM JHM NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1186 31 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1186 32 Phosphoproteins Phosphoproteins NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1186 33 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1186 34 murine murine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1186 35 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1186 36 viruses virus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1187 1 Characterization characterization NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1187 2 ofthe ofthe DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1187 3 coldsensitive coldsensitive JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1187 4 murine murine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1187 5 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1187 6 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1187 7 mutants mutant NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1187 8 rescued rescue VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1187 9 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1187 10 latently latently RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1187 11 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1187 12 infected infect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1187 13 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1187 14 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1187 15 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1187 16 fusion fusion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1187 17 Macrophage Macrophage NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1187 18 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1187 19 : : : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1187 20 extrinsic extrinsic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1187 21 versus versus IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1187 22 intrinsic intrinsic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1187 23 activity activity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1187 24 Murine Murine NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1187 25 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1187 26 : : : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1187 27 Isolation isolation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1187 28 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1187 29 characterization characterization NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1187 30 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1187 31 two two CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1187 32 plaque plaque NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1187 33 morphology morphology NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1187 34 variants variant NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1187 35 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1187 36 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1187 37 JHM JHM NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1187 38 neurotropic neurotropic NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1187 39 strain strain NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1187 40 On on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1187 41 enteropathogenic enteropathogenic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1187 42 bovine bovine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1187 43 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1187 44 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1188 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1188 2 n n CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1188 3 " " `` cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1188 4 Biochemistry Biochemistry NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1188 5 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1188 6 Biology Biology NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1188 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1188 8 Coronaviruses Coronaviruses NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1188 9 Enhancement Enhancement NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1188 10 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1188 11 plaque plaque NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1188 12 formation formation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1188 13 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1188 14 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1188 15 fusion fusion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1188 16 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1188 17 an an DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1188 18 enteropathogenic enteropathogenic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1188 19 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1188 20 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1188 21 trypsin trypsin NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1188 22 treatment treatment NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1188 23 Characterization characterization NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1188 24 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1188 25 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1188 26 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1188 27 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1189 1 I. I. NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1189 2 Structural structural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1189 3 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1189 4 : : : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1190 1 Effects effect NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1190 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1190 3 preparative preparative JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1190 4 conditions condition NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1190 5 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1190 6 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1190 7 migration migration NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1190 8 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1190 9 protein protein NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1190 10 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1190 11 polyacrylamide polyacrylamide NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1190 12 gels gel NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1190 13 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1190 14 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1190 15 associated associate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1190 16 glycosaminoglycan glycosaminoglycan NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1191 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1191 2 structure structure NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1191 3 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1191 4 behaviour behaviour NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1191 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1191 6 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1191 7 A59 A59 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1191 8 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1191 9 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1192 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1192 2 n n CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1192 3 " " `` cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1192 4 Biochemistry Biochemistry NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1192 5 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1192 6 Biology Biology NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1192 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1192 8 Coronaviruses Coronaviruses NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1192 9 Characterization Characterization NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1192 10 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1192 11 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1192 12 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1192 13 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1193 1 11 11 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1193 2 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1194 1 Glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1194 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1194 3 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1194 4 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1194 5 envelope envelope NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1194 6 : : : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1194 7 Tryptic tryptic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1194 8 peptide peptide NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1194 9 analysis analysis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1195 1 Enhanced enhanced JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1195 2 growth growth NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1195 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1195 4 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1195 5 murine murine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1195 6 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1195 7 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1195 8 transformed transform VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1195 9 mouse mouse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1195 10 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1195 11 Isolation isolation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1195 12 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1195 13 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1195 14 envelope envelope NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1195 15 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1195 16 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1195 17 interaction interaction NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1195 18 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1195 19 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1195 20 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1195 21 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1195 22 Haemagglutination Haemagglutination NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1195 23 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1195 24 structural structural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1195 25 polypeptides polypeptide NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1195 26 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1195 27 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1195 28 new new JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1195 29 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1195 30 associated associate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1195 31 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1195 32 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1195 33 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1195 34 infant infant NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1195 35 mice mouse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1195 36 Morphology morphology NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1195 37 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1195 38 biological biological JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1195 39 properties property NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1195 40 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1195 41 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1195 42 new new JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1195 43 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1195 44 associated associate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1195 45 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1195 46 diarrhea diarrhea NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1195 47 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1195 48 infant infant NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1195 49 mice mouse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1196 1 An an DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1196 2 electron electron NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1196 3 microscopic microscopic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1196 4 study study NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1196 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1196 6 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1196 7 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1196 8 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1196 9 mice mouse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1196 10 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 1 A a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 2 m m CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 3 Correlation correlation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 4 between between IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 5 growth growth NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 6 potential potential NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 8 mouse mouse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 9 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 10 viruses virus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 11 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 12 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 13 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 14 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 15 virulence virulence NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 16 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 17 mice mouse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 18 Electron Electron NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 19 microscope microscope NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 20 study study NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 21 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 22 experimental experimental JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 23 enteric enteric JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 24 infection infection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 25 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 26 neonatal neonatal JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 27 dogs dog NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 28 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 29 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 30 canine canine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 31 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 32 Electron Electron NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 33 microscopic microscopic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 34 study study NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 35 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 36 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 37 cultured cultured JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 38 liver liver NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 39 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 40 infected infect VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 41 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 42 mouse mouse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 43 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 44 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 45 - - : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 46 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 47 preliminary preliminary JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 48 report report NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 49 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 50 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 51 acid acid NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 52 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 53 infectious infectious JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 54 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1197 55 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1198 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1198 2 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1198 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1198 4 human human JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1198 5 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1199 1 OC43 OC43 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1199 2 I I NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1199 3 n n NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1199 4 uitro uitro NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1199 5 macrophage macrophage NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1199 6 manifestation manifestation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1199 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1199 8 cortisone cortisone NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1199 9 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1199 10 induced induce VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1199 11 decrease decrease NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1199 12 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1199 13 resistance resistance NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1199 14 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1199 15 mouse mouse VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1199 16 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1199 17 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1199 18 Trypsin Trypsin NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1199 19 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1199 20 enhanced enhance VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1199 21 replication replication NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1199 22 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1199 23 neonatal neonatal JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1199 24 calf calf NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1199 25 diarrhea diarrhea NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1199 26 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1199 27 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 1 A a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 2 m m NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 3 Direct direct JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 4 electron electron NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 5 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 6 microscopy microscopy NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 8 organ organ NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 9 cultures culture NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 10 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 11 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 12 detection detection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 13 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 14 characterization characterization NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 15 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 16 viruses virus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 17 Cultivation cultivation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 18 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 19 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 20 novel novel JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 21 type type NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 22 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 23 common common JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 24 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 25 cold cold JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 26 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 27 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 28 organ organ NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 29 culture culture NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 30 Coronaviridae Coronaviridae NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 31 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 32 2nd 2nd JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 33 report report NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 34 Statistical statistical JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 35 mechanics mechanic NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 36 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 37 quantum quantum NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 38 mechanics mechanic NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 39 Surface Surface NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 40 exposure exposure NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 41 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 42 glycosaminoglycans glycosaminoglycan NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 43 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 44 resting rest VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 45 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 46 growing grow VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 47 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 48 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 49 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 50 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 51 transformed transform VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 52 3T3 3t3 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 53 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 54 Role role NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 55 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 56 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 57 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 58 interferon interferon NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 59 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 60 natural natural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 61 resistance resistance NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 62 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 63 mouse mouse VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 64 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 65 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 66 infection infection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 67 Correlation correlation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 68 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 69 persistent persistent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 70 mouse mouse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 71 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 72 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 73 ( ( -LRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 74 MHV-3 MHV-3 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 75 ) ) -RRB- cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 76 infection infection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 77 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 78 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 79 effect effect NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 80 on on IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 81 mouse mouse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 82 macrophage macrophage NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 83 cultures culture NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 84 Structural structural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 85 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 86 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 87 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 88 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 89 infectious infectious JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 90 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 91 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 92 particles particle NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 93 labelled label VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 94 during during IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 95 growth growth NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 96 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 97 chick chick NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 98 embryo embryo NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1200 99 fihroblasts fihroblasts NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1201 1 Haemagglutination haemagglutination NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1201 2 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1201 3 mouse mouse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1201 4 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1201 5 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1201 6 type type NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1201 7 3 3 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1201 8 Electron Electron NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1201 9 microscopic microscopic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1201 10 studies study NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1201 11 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1201 12 experimental experimental JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1201 13 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1201 14 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1201 15 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1201 16 mice mouse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1201 17 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1202 1 11 11 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1203 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1203 2 ribonucleic ribonucleic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1203 3 acid acid NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1203 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1203 5 infectious infectious JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1203 6 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1203 7 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1203 8 Genomic Genomic NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1203 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1203 10 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1203 11 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1203 12 murine murine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1203 13 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1203 14 JHM JHM NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1203 15 Structural structural JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1203 16 polypeptides polypeptide NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1203 17 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1203 18 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1203 19 murine murine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1203 20 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1203 21 JHM JHM NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1203 22 Genetic genetic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1203 23 variation variation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1203 24 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1203 25 neurotropic neurotropic NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1203 26 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1203 27 non non JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1203 28 - - JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1203 29 neurotropic neurotropic JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1203 30 murine murine NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1203 31 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1203 32 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1203 33 JHM JHM NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1203 34 : : : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1204 1 Characterization characterization NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1204 2 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1204 3 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1204 4 viral viral JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1204 5 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1204 6 JHM JHM NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1204 7 infection infection NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1204 8 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1204 9 rats rat NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1204 10 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1204 11 a a DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1204 12 model model NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1204 13 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1204 14 acute acute JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1204 15 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1204 16 subacute subacute JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1204 17 demyelinating demyelinate VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1204 18 disease disease NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 2 biology biology NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 3 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 4 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 5 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 6 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 7 Neurovirulence Neurovirulence NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 8 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 9 murine murine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 10 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 11 JHM JHM NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 12 temperature temperature NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 13 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 14 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 15 mutants mutant NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 16 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 17 rats rat NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 18 Macrophages macrophage NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 19 genetically genetically RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 20 resistant resistant JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 21 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 22 mouse mouse NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 23 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 24 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 25 converted convert VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 26 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 27 vitro vitro FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 28 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 29 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 30 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 31 Blocking block VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 32 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 33 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 34 vitro vitro FW cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 35 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 36 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 37 uivo uivo NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 38 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 39 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 40 mouse mouse VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 41 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 42 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 43 Congenic Congenic NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 44 strains strain NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 45 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 46 mice mouse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 47 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 48 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 49 resistant resistant JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 50 to to IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 51 mouse mouse NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 52 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 53 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 54 Comparison comparison NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 55 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 56 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 57 RNAs rna NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 58 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 59 murine murine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 60 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 61 human human JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 62 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1205 63 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1206 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1207 1 n n CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1207 2 " " `` cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1207 3 Biochemistry Biochemistry NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1207 4 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1207 5 Biology Biology NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1207 6 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1207 7 Coronaviruses Coronaviruses NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1207 8 Cell Cell NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1207 9 fusion fusion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1207 10 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1207 11 Semliki Semliki NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1207 12 Forest Forest NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1207 13 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1207 14 influenza influenza NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1207 15 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1207 16 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1207 17 vesicular vesicular JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1207 18 stomatitis stomatitis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1207 19 viruses virus NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1208 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1208 2 replication replication NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1208 3 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1208 4 murine murine JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1208 5 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1208 6 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1208 7 enucleated enucleated JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1208 8 cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1209 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1209 2 receptosome receptosome NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1209 3 : : : cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1210 1 An an DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1210 2 intermediate intermediate JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1210 3 organelle organelle NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1210 4 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1210 5 receptor receptor NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1210 6 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1210 7 mediated mediate VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1210 8 endocytosis endocytosis NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1210 9 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1210 10 cultured cultured JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1210 11 fibroblasts fibroblast NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1210 12 Cells cell NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1210 13 selected select VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1210 14 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1210 15 high high JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1210 16 tumorigenicity tumorigenicity NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1210 17 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1210 18 transformed transform VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1210 19 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1210 20 Simian simian JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1210 21 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1210 22 40 40 CD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1210 23 synthesize synthesize VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1210 24 heparan heparan NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1210 25 sulfate sulfate NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1210 26 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1210 27 reduced reduce VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1210 28 degree degree NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1210 29 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1210 30 sulfation sulfation NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1210 31 T t NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1210 32 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1210 33 lymphocyte lymphocyte NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1210 34 dependent dependent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1210 35 difference difference NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1210 36 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1210 37 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1210 38 between between IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1210 39 DDD DDD NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1210 40 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1210 41 C3H c3h JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1210 42 mice mouse NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1210 43 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1210 44 mouse mouse VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1210 45 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1210 46 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1210 47 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1211 1 MHV-3 MHV-3 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1211 2 Polyadenylate Polyadenylate NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1211 3 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1211 4 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1211 5 virion virion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1211 6 RNA RNA NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1211 7 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1211 8 mouse mouse NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1211 9 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1211 10 virus virus NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1211 11 Role role NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1211 12 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1211 13 proteins protein NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1211 14 in in IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1211 15 MHV mhv NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1211 16 - - HYPH cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1211 17 induced induce VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1211 18 cell cell NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1211 19 fusion fusion NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1212 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1212 2 wish wish VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1212 3 to to TO cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1212 4 thank thank VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1212 5 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1212 6 many many JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1212 7 investigators investigator NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1212 8 who who WP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1212 9 generously generously RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1212 10 shared share VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1212 11 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1212 12 knowledge knowledge NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1212 13 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1212 14 illustrations illustration NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1212 15 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1212 16 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1212 17 unpublished unpublished JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1212 18 data datum NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1212 19 with with IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1212 20 us -PRON- PRP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1212 21 for for IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1212 22 this this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1212 23 article article NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1212 24 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1213 1 Excellent excellent JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1213 2 secretarial secretarial JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1213 3 assistance assistance NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1213 4 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1213 5 provided provide VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1213 6 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1213 7 Kathleen Kathleen NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1213 8 Cavanagh Cavanagh NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1213 9 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1213 10 Mary Mary NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1213 11 Tribley Tribley NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1213 12 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1213 13 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1213 14 Elinore Elinore NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1213 15 Dunphy Dunphy NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1213 16 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1214 1 This this DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1214 2 work work NN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1214 3 was be VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1214 4 supported support VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1214 5 by by IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1214 6 grants grant NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1214 7 numbered number VBD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1214 8 A118997 A118997 NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1214 9 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1214 10 GM31698 gm31698 VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1214 11 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1214 12 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1214 13 National National NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1214 14 Institutes Institutes NNPS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1214 15 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1214 16 Health Health NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1214 17 , , , cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1214 18 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1214 19 R07043 R07043 NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1214 20 from from IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1214 21 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1214 22 Uniformed Uniformed NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1214 23 Services Services NNPS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1214 24 University University NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1214 25 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1214 26 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1214 27 Health Health NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1214 28 Sciences Sciences NNPS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1214 29 . . . cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1215 1 The the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1215 2 opinions opinion NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1215 3 expressed express VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1215 4 are be VBP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1215 5 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1215 6 private private JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1215 7 views view NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1215 8 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1215 9 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1215 10 authors author NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1215 11 and and CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1215 12 should should MD cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1215 13 not not RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1215 14 be be VB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1215 15 construed construe VBN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1215 16 as as IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1215 17 official official JJ cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1215 18 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1215 19 necessarily necessarily RB cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1215 20 reflecting reflect VBG cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1215 21 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1215 22 views view NNS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1215 23 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1215 24 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1215 25 Uniformed Uniformed NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1215 26 Services Services NNPS cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1215 27 University University NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1215 28 School School NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1215 29 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1215 30 Medicine Medicine NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1215 31 or or CC cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1215 32 the the DT cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1215 33 Department Department NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1215 34 of of IN cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1215 35 Defense Defense NNP cord-338307-vfutmwxq 1215 36 . . .