# pos

id: cord-275447-nx45kwn6
pos: NNP
token:
  www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/fdaadvises-patients-use-non-steroidal-anti-inflammatory-drugs-nsa

lemma:
  www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/fdaadvises-patients-use-non-steroidal-anti-inflammatory-drugs-nsa


id: cord-275447-nx45kwn6
pos: ``
token:
  www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-reportsthat-the-french-health-minister-recommended-use-of-paracetamolfor-fever-from-covid-19-rather-than-ibuprofen-or-cortisone

lemma:
  www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-reportsthat-the-french-health-minister-recommended-use-of-paracetamolfor-fever-from-covid-19-rather-than-ibuprofen-or-cortisone


# ent

id: cord-013370-gktnz644
type: ORG
entity:
  Janssen Prometheus Bioscience Takeda Focus Medical Communications Pfizer Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Gilead Imedex Cornerstone Health Inc


id: cord-253001-xmcwuuk4
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Epidemiology and the Impact of Therapies on the Outcome of COVID 19 in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease


id: cord-276267-77903fld
type: ORG
entity:
  Medical reviews Coronaviruses Centres for Disease Control and Prevention Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome SARS Outbreak


id: cord-026025-xqj877en
type: DNA
entity:
  Peutz Jeghers syndrome Ovarian sex cord tumor with annular tubules A distinctive ovarian sex cordstromal tumor causing sexual precocity


id: cord-026025-xqj877en
type: GGP
entity:
  Kaposi s sarcoma more characteristically causes a red or purple nodule or plaque measuring 15 mm or more 229 Some patients with GI Kaposi s sarcoma


id: cord-026025-xqj877en
type: GGP
entity:
  Kaposi s sarcoma of internal organs A multiparameter study of 86 cases Identification of herpesviruslike DNA sequences


id: cord-026025-xqj877en
type: ORG
entity:
  the World Health Organization Classification of Tumours Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of the Digestive System Distribution of


id: cord-026025-xqj877en
type: ORG
entity:
  World Health Organization Classification of Tumours Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of the Digestive System Gastrointestinal


id: cord-026025-xqj877en
type: ORG
entity:
  World Health Organization Classification of Tumours Pathology and Genetics Tumours of Haematopoietic


id: cord-026025-xqj877en
type: ORG
entity:
  World Health Organization Classification of Tumours Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of the Digestive System Solitary


id: cord-026025-xqj877en
type: DISEASE
entity:
  inferior mesenteric artery The inferior mesenteric artery and iliac vessels provide blood to the rectum Veins


id: cord-026025-xqj877en
type: DISEASE
entity:
  cancers of the endometrium ovary stomach biliary tract urinary tract kidney central nervous system small bowel and skin 66


id: cord-026025-xqj877en
type: DISEASE
entity:
  cancer of the esophagus stomach small bowel colon pancreas and breast 283 297 Putting this into perspective the risk for


id: cord-026025-xqj877en
type: DISEASE
entity:
  Crohn s disease hypothyroidism hyperthyroidism inflammatory arthropathies pernicious anemia small bowel villous atrophy iritis diabetes mellitus


id: cord-026025-xqj877en
type: DISEASE
entity:
  distortion of mucosal architecture surface degenerative changes or thickened subepithelial collagen plate


id: cord-026025-xqj877en
type: DISEASE
entity:
  chronic obstructive pulmonary disease emphysema diverticular disease appendicitis cholelithiasis peptic ulcer disease abdominal trauma Crohn s disease


id: cord-300963-1n1f8mf2
type: DISEASE
entity:
  infectious in aerosols for 3 or more hours and on surfaces for up to 2 days 24 It is essential to consider the potential transmission via aerosol when


id: cord-284234-9cd2v6bt
type: GGP
entity:
  Bader C Korzenik A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p


id: cord-014516-r59usk02
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  24th ECVIM CA Congress date 2015 01 10 journal J Vet Intern Med DOI 10 1111 jvim 12491 sha 25a10dcacb257ac926ad42124f605189b3789d3f doc_id 14516 cord_uid r59usk02 nan Saccharomyces boulardii Sb


id: cord-014516-r59usk02
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  nLVIDs 1 1 33 1 33 1 68 1 68 1 86 and 1 86 were 1 6 0 6 4 6 p 0 35 3 4 1 0 11 5 p 0 048 78 9 6 634 p 0 030 and 47 6 7 1 316 p 0 044


id: cord-014516-r59usk02
type: DNA
entity:
  SRE hypoalbuminemia IL 0 5 SRE 10 22 FRE 1 62 ARE 1 11 p 0 000 hypocobalaminemia IL 0 3 SRE 9 20 FRE 8 63 ARE 1 11 p 0 015


id: cord-014516-r59usk02
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  E C Y Lin 1 P C Liu 1 L L Chueh 1 B L Su 2 1 Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan 2 Institute of Veterinary Clinical Sciences


id: cord-014516-r59usk02
type: GGP
entity:
  nLVIDs 1 1 33 1 33 1 68 1 68 1 86 and 1 86 were 1 6 0 6 4 6 p 0 35 3 4 1 0 11 5 p 0 048 78 9 6 634 p 0 030 and 47 6 7 1


id: cord-014516-r59usk02
type: GGP
entity:
  SERCA2a r 0 7425 R 2 0 5513 PLN r 0 7720 R 2 0 5959 HAX 1 r 0 6598 R 2 0 4353 although LV and PWBC showed different expression levels


id: cord-014516-r59usk02
type: GGP
entity:
  villi 3 2 0 8 16 versus 1 8 0 11 2 P 0 27 This study reports for the first time the existence of two populations of


id: cord-014516-r59usk02
type: ORG
entity:
  the Cardiology Service of the Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health University of Milan


id: cord-014516-r59usk02
type: ORG
entity:
  Consultancy Pfizer Animal Health Zoetis CEVA Animal Health Boehringer Ingelheim Vetoquinol Ltd Orion Ltd Elanco Ltd Idexx Ltd Niche Generics Ltd Triveristas Ltd Virbac Ltd Advisory


id: cord-014516-r59usk02
type: DISEASE
entity:
  inflammatory diseases 90 exocrine pancreatic insufficiency hypoadrenocorticism polyendocrinopathy dilated cardiomyopathy


id: cord-275199-y7b12vml
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Are Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease at Increased Risk for Covid 19 Infection Journal of Crohn s


id: cord-275199-y7b12vml
type: ORG
entity:
  Inter cellular Rewiring of the Human Colon during Ulcerative Colitis Mucosal Profiling of Pediatric Onset Colitis


id: cord-275199-y7b12vml
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Dexamethasone in Hospitalized Patients with Covid 19 Preliminary Report SECURE IBD Database Public Data Update Patients


id: cord-302717-hn3airxq
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  aspartate aminotransferase AST alanine aminotransferase ALT alkaline phosphatase ALP gamma glutamyl transferase GGT bilirubin albumin and 6 thioguanine nucleotides 6 TGNs


id: cord-032753-icteg34y
type: DNA
entity:
  Factor Xa recognition site MCS multiple cloning site T terminator rep replication gene cat chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene b vector


id: cord-255930-2bobmkvu
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Morbid Anatomy of Some of the Most Important Parts of the Human Body Pathological and Practical Researches on Diseases of the Stomach the Intestinal Canal the Liver


id: cord-306760-05my504t
type: EVENT
entity:
  Guangzhou Women and Children s Medical Center Chengdu Women s Children s Central Hospital Zhengzhou Children s Hospital Beijing Jing Du Children s Hospital 14


id: cord-022555-a7ie82fs
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  Cat DOI 10 1016 b978 1 4377 0660 4 00023 5 sha 43302f8eebca5d76d6388fe2286ead361a68209a doc_id 22555 cord_uid a7ie82fs nan


id: cord-022555-a7ie82fs
type: CELL_TYPE
entity:
  intestinal mast cell tumors adenomatous polyps eosinophilic sclerosing fibroplasia gastrointestinal stromal tumors leiomyosarcoma and hemangiosarcoma Mast cell tumors MCT


id: cord-022555-a7ie82fs
type: DNA
entity:
  dog and the other causes of portal hypertension Budd Chiari syndrome heartworm caval syndrome pulmonary hypertension


id: cord-022555-a7ie82fs
type: DNA
entity:
  dog and cat Pharmacokinetics and suggested oral dosing regimen of cisapride a study in healthy cats Intussusception


id: cord-022555-a7ie82fs
type: CELL_LINE
entity:
  cat Feline exocrine pancreatic insufficiency 16 cases Pancreatitis associated with a feline herpesvirus infection Pancreatic pseudocysts


id: cord-022555-a7ie82fs
type: GGP
entity:
  Clostridium piliforme Tyzzer s disease 71 and Anaerobiospirillum sp 36 Specific diagnosis of these and other


id: cord-258930-60yn4hg7
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  IOIBD Update on COVID19 for Patients with Crohn s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis IOIBD Management of IBD


id: cord-307769-rjseio5s
type: DNA
entity:
  mitochondrial and ribosomal genes hypothetical proteins expressed sequence tag EST human chromosomes bacterial and animal genes


id: cord-307769-rjseio5s
type: DISEASE
entity:
  human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in genital tract derived cell lines and primary endocervical tissue HIV 1


id: cord-286912-cww4ha3j
type: DISEASE
entity:
  vascular excessive valvular and coronary artery calcification ischemic events and skeletal disorders osteopenia


id: cord-269835-mz7i66qp
type: ORG
entity:
  the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and European Society of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Nurses


id: cord-269835-mz7i66qp
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  IOIBD Update on COVID19 for Patients with Crohn s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy European Society of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Nurses


id: cord-269835-mz7i66qp
type: DISEASE
entity:
  coronaviruses Novel coronavirus 2019 nCoV prevalence biological and clinical characteristics comparison with


id: cord-311804-39mu0tdr
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Affect the Risk of Serious and Opportunistic Infections in Patients Treated With Adalimumab First and


id: cord-311804-39mu0tdr
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Pharmacotherapies for Patients with Moderate to Severely Active Ulcerative Colitis An Updated Network Meta Analysis Risk


id: cord-023134-y665agnh
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  Keratin K 19 hepatic progenitor stem cell bile duct epithelium marker HepPar 1 hepatocyte marker EMA MUC1


id: cord-023134-y665agnh
type: DISEASE
entity:
  chronic vomiting 3 cough 3 retching 2 regurgitation 2 sudden discomfort 2 excessive surface licking 2 ptyalism


id: cord-343832-xg3swuzs
type: ORG
entity:
  Colitis Organisation Topical Review on Transitional Care in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Inflammatory Bowel Disease


id: cord-349500-603v8lfb
type: CELL_TYPE
entity:
  B B lymphocytes IEC intestinal epithelial cell ILC innate lymphoid cell M monocyte macrophage N neutrophils Teff effector T cells Treg regulatory T cell Type I P type I pneumocytes Type II P type II pneumocytes


id: cord-349500-603v8lfb
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  IL 1beta IL 1ra IL 2 IL 4 IL 6 IL 7 IL 8 IL 9 IL 10 IL 13 IL 17 fibroblast growth factor granulocyte colony stimulating factor G CSF granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor interferon IFN gamma TNF vascular endothelial growth factor IP


id: cord-349500-603v8lfb
type: RNA
entity:
  IL 23 responsive Th17 cells 80 81 82 83 84 No increase in viral infections in patients with IBD has been noted on ustekinumab therapy It is tempting to speculate that IL 23


id: cord-349500-603v8lfb
type: GGP
entity:
  covid 19 1 17 19 a recent study showed that GI symptoms are more frequently present than initially thought In fact analysis of 651 patients revealed that 11 of


id: cord-349500-603v8lfb
type: DISEASE
entity:
  kidney or multiorgan failure B B lymphocytes IEC intestinal epithelial cell ILC innate lymphoid cell


id: cord-014527-nvzfpntu
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  chrA2 4150731 P 1 4 9 10 À7 chrUn17 115508 P 7 9 10 À7 chrUn17 394136 P 3 9 10 À7 chrUn17 314128 P 3 9 10 À7


id: cord-014527-nvzfpntu
type: DNA
entity:
  canine parainfluenza virus CPIV canine adenovirus CAV canines distemper virus CDV canine herpes virus CHV canine respiratory coronavirus CRCoV canines influenza virus CIV and Bordetella bronchiseptica B bronchiseptica


id: cord-014527-nvzfpntu
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  tumor necrosis P 0 004 nuclear grade P 0 001 poor differentiation of tumors P 0 0001 high mitotic grade P 0 0001 high histological grade of malignancy P 0 0001 presence of neoplastic intravascular emboli P 0 0001


id: cord-014527-nvzfpntu
type: GGP
entity:
  8AE10 4 standard 4 chambers 44 7AE7 8 mm TDI s was 0 07AE0 01 m s IVCvel was 0 05AE0 01 m s and IVCat was 23 3AE2 1 msec The only TE correlations found were TAPSE with FAC


id: cord-014527-nvzfpntu
type: GGP
entity:
  HBGM 0 35 0 1 01 U kg dose non HBGM 0 44 0 27 0 68 U kg dose P 0 41 average BGC value HBGM 8 7 4 1 22 0 mmol l non HBGM 12 6 7 7 12 6 mmol l P 0 3


id: cord-014527-nvzfpntu
type: ORG
entity:
  Bayer Animal Health CEVA Animal Health Orion Inc Elanco Animal Health Zoetis Ltd Boehringer Ingelheim Vetoquinol Ltd


id: cord-014527-nvzfpntu
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Clinic of Small Animal Medicine Munich Germany 2 Institute of Veterinary Anatomy Histology and Embryology


id: cord-014527-nvzfpntu
type: DISEASE
entity:
  chromogenes Staphylococcus haemolyticus Staphylococcus lentus Staphylococcus lugdunensis Staphylococcus saprophyticus Staphylococcus


id: cord-023095-4dannjjm
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  SENMENGER S SYNDROME K Nakamura M Yamasaki H Ohta M Takiguchi Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan Sildenafil


id: cord-023095-4dannjjm
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  HORSES RECEIVING ONCE DAILY GENTAMICIN JR Read 1 PA Wilkins 2 RD Nolen Walston 1 1 University of Pennsylvania New Bolton Center Kennett Square PA 2 University


id: cord-023095-4dannjjm
type: GGP
entity:
  corticotropin releasing hormone CRH adrenocorticotropin ACTH cortisol aldosterone angiotensin II ANG II arginine vasopressin AVP


id: cord-023095-4dannjjm
type: GGP
entity:
  kyphosis p 5 0 0178 degenerative joint disease p 5 0 0497 or cranial stenosis p 5 0 0357 at any site


id: cord-023095-4dannjjm
type: GGP
entity:
  lactate 1 8 3 R 2 5 0 39 and SIG 5 À0 91 Â lactate 1 0 5 R 2 5 0 41 We conclude that pH calc using SID SB tCO 2


id: cord-023095-4dannjjm
type: GGP
entity:
  cobalamin P 5 0 002 total calcium P o 0 0001 globulin P o 0 0001 cholesterol P o 0 0001 and ionized calcium P o 0


id: cord-023095-4dannjjm
type: GGP
entity:
  ENR S MDR n 5 12 or resistant ENR R MDR to enrofloxacin The minimum inhibition concentrations MICs for 11 quinolones 1


id: cord-023095-4dannjjm
type: GGP
entity:
  ENR S MDR n 5 12 The minimum inhibition concentrations MICs were determined for each isolates using broth microdilution E coli


id: cord-023095-4dannjjm
type: ORG
entity:
  Ohta M Takiguchi Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine Hokkaido University


id: cord-023095-4dannjjm
type: ORG
entity:
  The University of Tennessee College Of Veterinary Medicine s Picture Archiving and Communication System


id: cord-023095-4dannjjm
type: DISEASE
entity:
  interventricular septal wall IVS left ventricular free wall LVW left ventricular anterior wall LVAW left ventricular posterior wall LVPW


id: cord-023095-4dannjjm
type: DISEASE
entity:
  influenza A NP antibody according to manufacturer instructions The sample negative control S N absorbance


id: cord-023095-4dannjjm
type: DISEASE
entity:
  loss of appetite ocular congestion depression dehydration jaundice hematuria melena vomiting petechiae


id: cord-022888-dnsdg04n
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  multimeric LPS receptor complex L Lundvall 1 R R Schumann 1 1 Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Campus Mitte Institute for Microbiology and Hygiene Berlin Germany Meningitis


id: cord-022888-dnsdg04n
type: CELL_TYPE
entity:
  Tcell subsets S M Lehmann 1 D Kaul 1 C Krüger 1 F Zipp 1 R Nitsch 2 S Lehnardt 1 1 Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Cecilie Vogt Clinic


id: cord-022888-dnsdg04n
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  anti inflammatory nuclear transcription factor Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor gamma PPARg


id: cord-022888-dnsdg04n
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  HSV1 infected macrophage secretome H P Prakash 1 2 1 German Cancer Research Centre Translational Immunology Heidelberg Germany 2 Max Planck


id: cord-022888-dnsdg04n
type: CELL_LINE
entity:
  24abNKT cell transgenic mice Results In 24ab transgenic mice a high frequency of activated transgenic NKT cells


id: cord-022888-dnsdg04n
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  cytokine receptors IL 2Ra IL 2Rg IL 3 IL 5 GM CSFR IL 4 IL 13R IL 5Ra IL 6Ra IL 6R gp130 IL 7Ra IL 10R TNFR I TNFR II IFNgRa CXCR1 CXCR2 CXCR3 CXCR4 CXCR5 Cells


id: cord-022888-dnsdg04n
type: DNA
entity:
  e 9 2 phosphonomethoxy ethlyl 2 6 diaminopurine derivatives c 9 2 hydroxy 3 phosphonomethoxy propyl adenine HPMPA


id: cord-022888-dnsdg04n
type: CELL_TYPE
entity:
  thymic T cell tumors S Myrczek 1 R Pardi 2 A Gessner 1 1 Microbiological Institute Institute for Clinical Microbiology Immunology and Hygiene University Hospital Erlangen Erlangen Germany 2 Vita Salute San


id: cord-022888-dnsdg04n
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  antibodies A Giniewski 1 S Lang 1 M Stein 1 T Winkler 1 1 Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen Germany VDJ recombination


id: cord-022888-dnsdg04n
type: CELL_TYPE
entity:
  antigen specific T cells S J Keppler 1 P Aichele 1 1 IMMH University Freiburg Immunology Freiburg Germany Interleukin 12 IL 12


id: cord-022888-dnsdg04n
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  carboxy terminal region L Kolly 1 S Narayan 1 J Tschopp 2 A So 1 N Busso 1 1 CHUV Rheumatology Lausanne Switzerland 2 UNIL


id: cord-022888-dnsdg04n
type: CELL_TYPE
entity:
  mature human B cells S Gutenberger 1 K Warnatz 1 1 University Medical Centre Freiburg Freiburg Germany Background


id: cord-022888-dnsdg04n
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  recombinant vaccinia virus recombinant VSV vesicular stomatitis virus or recombinant listeria monocytogenes expressing LCMV glycoprotein P14 T cells


id: cord-022888-dnsdg04n
type: CELL_TYPE
entity:
  P14 T cells S Frischbutter 1 R Baumgrass 1 1 Deutsches Rheuma Forschungszentrum Signal Transduction Berlin Germany Antigen


id: cord-022888-dnsdg04n
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  L selectin V Heissmeyer 1 E Glasmacher 1 1 Helmholtz Center Munich Molecular Immunology Munich Germany During self antigen recognition Roquin dependent posttranscriptional downregulation of ICOS


id: cord-022888-dnsdg04n
type: DNA
entity:
  promoters S Brosch 1 S Tenzer 1 H Schild 1 E von Stebut Borschitz 1 1 Uniklinik Mainz Mainz Germany Infection


id: cord-022888-dnsdg04n
type: DNA
entity:
  J Kyosiimire Lugemwa 1 2 P Pala 1 G Miiro 3 J Todd 3 P Kaleebu 1 2 N Imami 2 F Gotch 2 3 1 MRC Uganda Basic Science Entebbe Uganda 2 Imperial College London United Kingdom 3 MRC Uganda Entebbe Uganda Background HIV 1


id: cord-022888-dnsdg04n
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  CD4 G Röder 1 L Geironson 2 A Darabi 3 M Harndahl 1 C Schafer Nielsen 4 K Skjödt 5 S Buus 1 K Paulsson 2 1 Copenhagen University Institute of International Health Immunology and Microbiology Department of Experimental Immunology Copenhagen Denmark 2 Lund University Immunology BMC D14 Lund Sweden 3


id: cord-022888-dnsdg04n
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  anti TT antibody formation 2 kDa 30 6 kDa 23 9 kDa 19 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 6 kDa and 18 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 7 kDa


id: cord-022888-dnsdg04n
type: GGP
entity:
  cytokine receptors IL 2Ra IL 2Rg IL 3 IL 5 GM CSFR IL 4 IL 13R IL 5Ra IL 6Ra IL 6R gp130 IL 7Ra IL 10R TNFR I TNFR II


id: cord-022888-dnsdg04n
type: GGP
entity:
  inositol 1 4 5 trisphosphate 3 kinase type B ITPKB phosphorylates Inositol 1 4 5 trisphosphate Ins 1 4 5 P 3 a calcium


id: cord-022888-dnsdg04n
type: GO
entity:
  microbial species Streptococcus pneumoniae Branhamella catarrhalis Streptococcus pyogenes Haemophilus influenzae Staphylococcus aureus Klebsiella pneumoniae


id: cord-022888-dnsdg04n
type: PRODUCT
entity:
  A D Koepruelue 1 W Ellmeier 1 1 Medical University of Vienna Institute of Immunology Division of Immunobiology


id: cord-022888-dnsdg04n
type: ORG
entity:
  LIMES Institute Laboratory for Genomics and Immunoregulation University of Bonn Bonn Germany 2 Institute of Molecular Medicine and


id: cord-022888-dnsdg04n
type: FAC
entity:
  H P Prakash 1 2 1 German Cancer Research Centre Translational Immunology Heidelberg Germany 2 Max Planck Institute for Infection


id: cord-022888-dnsdg04n
type: MONEY
entity:
  between CD45 and CD148 in human T cells not appreciated so far During the past decades great efforts have been made to get insights into the complex process of antigen induced T cell activation and


id: cord-022888-dnsdg04n
type: FAC
entity:
  P Németh 1 T Berki 1 1 University of Pécs Clinical Center Department of Immunology and Biotechnology Pécs Hungary 2


id: cord-022888-dnsdg04n
type: ORG
entity:
  Copenhagen University Institute of International Health Immunology and Microbiology Department of Experimental Immunology


id: cord-022888-dnsdg04n
type: ORG
entity:
  University of Illinois at Chicago Microbiology and Immunology Chicago United StatesObjectives Adenoviruses Ads


id: cord-022888-dnsdg04n
type: ORG
entity:
  University of Vigo Area of Immunology Department of Biochemistry Genetics and Immunology Vigo Spain 2 University of Santiago de Compostela Nanobiofar Group Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology


id: cord-022888-dnsdg04n
type: DISEASE
entity:
  bone marrow and spleen to the site of restimulation e g the peritoneum and the draining lymph nodes Peripheral blood basophils


id: cord-022888-dnsdg04n
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  G N Drannik 1 T V Poroshina 1 1 Institut of Urology AMSci of Ukraine Laboratory Immunology Kyiv Ukraine


id: cord-022888-dnsdg04n
type: DISEASE
entity:
  HIV and HC p 0 017 and p 0 019 respectively and consequently a lower G allele frequency p 0 026 and p 0 028 respectively No significant differences were found for the 667 SNP


id: cord-022888-dnsdg04n
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  N Manoussakis 1 1 University of Athens Dpt Pathophysiology Athens Greece 2 University of Erlangen Numberg Institute for Clinical Immunology Erlangen Numberg Germany Objectives Altered phagocytic capacity


id: cord-022888-dnsdg04n
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  Durilova 1 T Ulmannova 1 K Stechova 1 K Tesarova Flajsmanova 1 V Stavikova 1 J Nevoral 1 1 Charles University Pediatrics Prague Czech


# bib

id: cord-013370-gktnz644
author: Abreu, Maria T
date: 2020-10-21
txt: ./txt/cord-013370-gktnz644.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-013370-gktnz644.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7577405/
doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa116
abstract: nan
summary:
  We have partnered closely with the European Crohn''s and Colitis Organisation because of our shared desire to provide the best guidance to patients with inflammatory bowel disease at a global level, as well as to the physicians that are caring for these patients. The process is called a RAND panel wherein the members of IOIBD, as well as other very knowledgeable practitioners of IBD, voted on a series of statements largely having to do with the risk of infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the development of COVID-19 in patients who have IBD. We urge you to continue to check the IOIBD or the ECCO websites for the most up-to-date information, and we hope to keep updating the guidance in all of the various dimensions of IBD care.

title:
  Providing Guidance During a Global Viral Pandemic for the Care of Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease


id: cord-014516-r59usk02
title: Research Communications of the 24th ECVIM‐CA Congress
author: nan
date: 2015-01-10
txt: ./txt/cord-014516-r59usk02.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-014516-r59usk02.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4858066/
doi: 10.1111/jvim.12491
abstract: nan
summary:
  Serum prolactin concentration measured in 22/23 dogs at time zero, 6 weeks and 6 months was 3.35 ng/ml (range, 1.4-6.36), 3.57 ng/ml (range, 1.87-7.39) and 3.92 ng/ml (range, 2.01-12.92) and did not differ significantly in either time period when compared with time zero (P = 0.99 and P = 0.52).Altogether, results of this study failed to demonstrate a significant role of thyroid supplementation on the majority of evaluated behavioural symptoms as well as neurohormonal status of hypothyroid dogs during 6 months of therapy. The aims of the present study were (1) to describe a clinical series of recent autochtonous cases and (2) to retrospectively assess Angiostrongylus vasorum qPCR in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples, collected over the last 7 years from a larger series of dogs, healthy or with other respiratory conditions, in order to investigate the past prevalence of the disease in Belgium.


id: cord-014527-nvzfpntu
title: Research Communications of the 25th ECVIM‐CA Congress
author: nan
date: 2015-11-09
txt: ./txt/cord-014527-nvzfpntu.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-014527-nvzfpntu.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4913621/
doi: 10.1111/jvim.13647
abstract: nan
summary:
  A negative outcome was associated with higher fecal S100A12 concentrations in CE dogs, but the response to different forms of treatment and fecal S100A12 has not been reported, and this information will be important to further evaluate the utility of fecal S100A12 as a biomarker for gastrointestinal disease. Statistical analysis was performed using non-parametric 2-or multiple-group comparisons, the likelihood ratio to evaluate the association between groups of dogs and response to treatment, and a receiver operating characteristic curve to calculate sensitivity and specificity at the optimum cut-off concentration. The objectives of this study were to describe pulmonary transit time and myocardial perfusion normalized to heart rate (nPTT and nMP, respectively), evaluated by means of contrast echocardiography, in dogs with stable stage C ACVIM myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD), and to assess short-term effects of pimobendan on these parameters.


id: cord-017342-qsfykh1k
author: Nedelsky, Natalia B.
date: 2013-06-21
txt: ./txt/cord-017342-qsfykh1k.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-017342-qsfykh1k.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121872/
doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8256-7_12
summary:
  Although historically considered to be a relatively nonselective process of degradation of cytosolic contents, autophagy has recently been revealed to have several selective and immune-specific functions that are relevant to the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, including xenophagy, mitophagy, antigen presentation, secretion, and inflammasome regulation. We summarize the basic molecular events underlying general and selective autophagy and present evidence suggesting possible pathogenic mechanisms revealed by studies of IBD-associated risk alleles of ATG16L1 and IRGM. As mentioned above, autophagy has been implicated in several immune-related processes that infl uence IBD pathogenesis, including xenophagy, mitophagy, antigen presentation, secretion and vesicular traffi cking, and cytokine-based regulation of infl ammasome activity. In epithelial cells, bacteria become ubiquitinated and targeted for autophagic degradation in a process that requires the CD-associated genes ATG16L1 and IRGM appears to have different effects on these functions depending on the cell type examined [ 42 , 67 ] .

title:
  Inflammatory Bowel Disease at the Intersection of Autophagy and Immunity: Insights from Human Genetics

abstract:
  Studies using human genetics have identified more than 160 loci that affect the risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Several of these genes have been found to play key roles in the process of autophagy, a lysosome-based degradation pathway. Although historically considered to be a relatively nonselective process of degradation of cytosolic contents, autophagy has recently been revealed to have several selective and immune-specific functions that are relevant to the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, including xenophagy, mitophagy, antigen presentation, secretion, and inflammasome regulation. In this chapter, we review the evidence that links autophagy-related genes, their immune-specific functions, and possible mechanisms of IBD pathogenesis. We summarize the basic molecular events underlying general and selective autophagy and present evidence suggesting possible pathogenic mechanisms revealed by studies of IBD-associated risk alleles of ATG16L1 and IRGM. Finally, we review chemical biology-based experimental approaches for identifying autophagy regulatory pathways that may have implications for the development of therapeutics.


id: cord-021852-o0k2r0yo
title: The Role of the Microbiota in Feline Inflammatory Bowel Disease
author: Simpson, Kenneth W.
date: 2015-12-04
txt: ./txt/cord-021852-o0k2r0yo.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-021852-o0k2r0yo.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7152113/
doi: 10.1016/b978-0-323-22652-3.00010-4
abstract: nan
summary:
  The only culture-independent study of the duodenal mucosal bacteria in cats to date employed FISH analysis to evaluate the numbers and types of bacteria associated with the duodenal mucosa and their relationship to clinical signs, histopathology, and mucosal cytokines. This study shows that changes in the number and type of mucosa-associated bacteria are related to the presence and severity of IBD in cats and raises the possibility that abnormal mucosal flora are involved in the etiopathogenesis of feline IBD. 13 For example, FISH analysis enabled the identification of invasive spiral bacteria in the ileum, colon, and regional lymph nodes of a cat with pyogranulomatous ileocolitis associated with recurrent episodes of fever and leukocytosis whose inflammatory process was considered sterile on the basis of histopathology (see Figure 10 -4C).


id: cord-022555-a7ie82fs
title: Digestive System, Liver, and Abdominal Cavity
author: nan
date: 2011-12-05
txt: ./txt/cord-022555-a7ie82fs.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-022555-a7ie82fs.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7158306/
doi: 10.1016/b978-1-4377-0660-4.00023-5
abstract: nan
summary:
  One study found that, of cats investigated for gastrointestinal disease, 9 of 33 cats (27%) had no pathology recognized proximal to the jejunum (i.e., the effective length of diagnostic endoscopes would have precluded diagnosis), and other organs were affected in 9 of 10 cats with inflammatory bowel diseases and 7 of 8 cats with intestinal small cell lymphoma. 60, 64 Quantification of serum cobalamin levels is recommended in cats with clinical signs of small bowel diarrhea, ones suspected to have an infiltrative disease of the small intestine (inflammatory bowel disease or gastrointestinal lymphoma), or ones with pancreatic dysfunction. Survey radiographs may be normal in cats with esophagitis and strictures, but are useful to rule out other causes for the clinical signs, such as a foreign body, or to detect related problems, such as aspiration pneumonia. 8, 29 Other non-neoplastic causes reported for gastric or gastroduodenal ulceration in cats include parasites (e.g., Ollulanus tricuspis, Toxocara cati, Aonchotheca putorii, Gnathostoma spp.), bacterial infections, toxins, inflammatory bowel disease, and foreign bodies.


id: cord-022888-dnsdg04n
title: Poster Sessions
author: nan
date: 2009-08-19
txt: ./txt/cord-022888-dnsdg04n.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-022888-dnsdg04n.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7163517/
doi: 10.1002/eji.200990224
abstract: No Abtract
summary:
  Methods: Phospho-specific Western blot analyses were performed to verify the functionality of the different IFN-g pathway components, intra-and extracellular flow cytometry experiments were employed to determine the expression of antigen processing components and HLA class I cell surface antigens, quantitative real time-PCR experiments to confirm the absence of JAK2 and presence of pathway relevant molecules as well as, genomic PCR and chromosome typing technique to prove the deletion of JAK2. In order to accomplish these objectives we induced priming or tolerance of ovalbumin (OVA 323-339 peptide)-specific T cells from DO11.10 TCR transgenic mice in vitro or, following adoptive transfer of near physiologically relevant numbers of such cells into recipients, in vivo and correlated functional outcome (via proliferation and cytokine readout assays or antibody production) with E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases expression and the ubiquitination status of the TCR signalling machinery.


id: cord-023095-4dannjjm
title: Research Abstract Program of the 2011 ACVIM Forum Denver, Colorado, June 15–18, 2011
author: nan
date: 2011-05-03
txt: ./txt/cord-023095-4dannjjm.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-023095-4dannjjm.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7166756/
doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.0726.x
abstract: nan
summary:
  The purpose of this study was to determine the short-term effects of ivabradine on heart rate (HR), blood pressure, left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function, left atrial (LA) performance, and clinical tolerance in healthy cats after repeated oral doses. The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between heart rate and ECG time intervals to body mass in apparently healthy horses and ponies and to calculate normal ranges for different weight groups. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of hypercoagulability in PLN dogs based on thromboelastography (TEG), and to determine whether hypercoagulability in these patients could be predicted by clinical assessments that identify systemic hypertension (systolic blood pressure 4 160 mmHg), hypoalbuminemia (serum albumin o 2.7 mg/dl), antithrombin activity (o 70%), and degree of proteinuria (urine protein:creatinine ratio [UPC] !


id: cord-023134-y665agnh
title: Oral Research Communications of the 22(nd) ECVIM‐CA Congress
author: nan
date: 2012-11-20
txt: ./txt/cord-023134-y665agnh.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-023134-y665agnh.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7167033/
doi: 10.1111/jvim.12000
abstract: nan
summary:
  Doppler echocardiographic indices of diastolic function of the right ventricle are good prognostic markers during left ventricular (LV) failure secondary to ischemic and dilated cardiomyopathy.The aims of the present study were: to assess LV and RV diastolic function by conventional Doppler and pulsed-wave tissue Doppler imaging (PW-TDI) in dogs with mitral valve disease (MVD), with or without pulmonary hypertension (PH); to test if echocardiographic parameters of LV and RV diastolic dysfunction correlate to the Doppler-estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP).114 dogs were prospectively evaluated, including 86 dogs with MVD. The aims of the present study were to assess whether diabetic cats have pathological evidence of islet inflammation or pancreatitis and to define islet lesions in comparison to a well-matched control population.Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded pancreatic samples were collected from post-mortem examination performed on diabetic and control cats died due to any disease at the Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, University of Zurich (Switzerland) between 1997 and 2009.


id: cord-026025-xqj877en
title: Large Intestine (Colon)
author: PETRAS, ROBERT E.
date: 2009-10-30
txt: ./txt/cord-026025-xqj877en.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-026025-xqj877en.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7271214/
doi: 10.1016/b978-1-4160-3966-2.00023-0
abstract: nan
summary:
  27, 28 These guidelines consider colonoscopic polypectomy definitive treatment for a patient with a malignant polyp if the following criteria are fulfilled: (1) the polyp is considered completely excised at endoscopy, (2) the specimen is properly processed by the pathology laboratory, (3) the cancer is not poorly differentiated, (4) no histologic evidence of vascular or lymphatic involvement exists, and (5) the resection margin is not involved by carcinoma. Pathologic features of colorectal cancer that suggest MSI/Lynch''s syndrome include right-sided location, synchronous or metachronous large bowel cancers, large and bulky polypoid tumors with circumscribed pushing margins, tumors showing prominent lymphoid infiltrate, and cancers of poor differentiation (medullary or undifferentiated carcinoma) or mucinous and signet ring cell histologic pattern (Figs. [352] [353] [354] [355] The trauma-type histologic features can be seen in the solitary rectal ulcer syndrome, localized colitis cystica profunda, inflammatory cloacogenic polyp, the mucosa adjacent to orifices of colonic diverticula, 356 and inflammatory cap polyposis 357 and are frequent findings adjacent to neoplasia and in the vicinity of the ileocecal valve.


id: cord-026792-jsqa4pmu
title: 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection: Gastrointestinal Manifestations
author: Samanta, Jayanta
date: 2020-05-16
txt: ./txt/cord-026792-jsqa4pmu.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-026792-jsqa4pmu.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7295271/
doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1712077
summary:
  The modern world is facing a major public health crisis due to novel corona virus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]) which has caused a pandemic involving at least 210 countries. The extrapulmonary effects and modes of transmission gained attention when the first confirmed case of SARS-CoV-2 reported from the United States had gastrointestinal (GI) complaints of nausea and vomiting followed later by diarrhea and patient''s fecal specimen tested positive on day 7 of illness. This review aims to comprehensively outline the GI manifestations of this virus, its potential to spread via the feco-oral route and its implications and an overview of management strategies for other GI diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) coexisting with coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) infection.

abstract:
  The world is witnessing a major public health crisis in the wake of the third coronavirus strain pandemic, a novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). Although initially thought to be a pure respiratory pathogen, recent reports have highlighted not only the extrapulmonary effects of the virus but also, importantly, the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) effects. Various studies have looked into the effects of this novel coronavirus infection (coronavirus-19 disease [COVID-19]) on GIT involvement with reports of more frequent involvement than previously expected. With feco-oral transmission, debate being conclusively proven with fecal samples testing positive for COVID-19 and longer shedding time, it only underlines the importance of GIT involvement. Moreover, the presence of other GI diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, with COVID-19 infection might wreak havoc leading to poor patient outcomes.


id: cord-027386-23exaaik
title: A Machine-Learning-Based Importance Sampling Method to Compute Rare Event Probabilities
author: Rao, Vishwas
date: 2020-05-25
txt: ./txt/cord-027386-23exaaik.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-027386-23exaaik.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7304705/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-50433-5_14
summary:
  title: A Machine-Learning-Based Importance Sampling Method to Compute Rare Event Probabilities We develop a novel computational method for evaluating the extreme excursion probabilities arising from random initialization of nonlinear dynamical systems. The method uses excursion probability theory to formulate a sequence of Bayesian inverse problems that, when solved, yields the biasing distribution. To alleviate the computational cost, we build machine-learning-based surrogates to solve the Bayesian inverse problems that give rise to the biasing distribution. The most commonly used method to determine the probability of rare and extreme events is Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). In this paper, we build on our recent algorithm [25] , which we used to construct an importance biasing distribution (IBD) to accelerate the computation of extreme event probabilities. IS, instead, uses problem-specific information to construct an IBD; computing the rare event probability using the IBD requires fewer samples.

abstract:
  We develop a novel computational method for evaluating the extreme excursion probabilities arising from random initialization of nonlinear dynamical systems. The method uses excursion probability theory to formulate a sequence of Bayesian inverse problems that, when solved, yields the biasing distribution. Solving multiple Bayesian inverse problems can be expensive; more so in higher dimensions. To alleviate the computational cost, we build machine-learning-based surrogates to solve the Bayesian inverse problems that give rise to the biasing distribution. This biasing distribution can then be used in an importance sampling procedure to estimate the extreme excursion probabilities.


id: cord-031937-qhlatg84
author: Verma, Anukriti
date: 2020-09-15
txt: ./txt/cord-031937-qhlatg84.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-031937-qhlatg84.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7492238/
doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-71674-8
summary:
  In-silico analysis involving text mining, metabolic network reconstruction, simulation, filtering, host-microbe interaction, docking and molecular mimicry studies results in robust drug target/s and biomarker/s for co-evolved IBD and ReA. The contributions of the microorganisms in the co-evolved IBD and ReA as part of the disease network was created through the interactive maps of the essential host interaction proteins (verified using literature survey) and the information processed through gene expression data analysis 64 . The pathways of the above host interacting proteins were found out using KEGG database that provides ontologies for proteins related to biological processes 67 www.nature.com/scientificreports/ Subsequently, the role of drugs or inhibitors used to suppress the effect of IBD and ReA such as indomethacin, prednisone, ciprofloxacin, sulfasalazine, azathioprine, methotrexate and hydroxychloroquine was scored in the disease network through their docking studies against the potential targets (both host as well microbial targets) as per published methodologies 68, 69 .

title:
  Elucidating potential molecular signatures through host-microbe interactions for reactive arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease using combinatorial approach

abstract:
  Reactive Arthritis (ReA), a rare seronegative inflammatory arthritis, lacks exquisite classification under rheumatic autoimmunity. ReA is solely established using differential clinical diagnosis of the patient cohorts, where pathogenic triggers linked to enteric and urogenital microorganisms e.g. Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, Campylobacter, Chlamydia have been reported. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), an idiopathic enteric disorder co-evolved and attuned to present gut microbiome dysbiosis, can be correlated to the genesis of enteropathic arthropathies like ReA. Gut microbes symbolically modulate immune system homeostasis and are elementary for varied disease patterns in autoimmune disorders. The gut-microbiota axis structured on the core host-microbe interactions execute an imperative role in discerning the etiopathogenesis of ReA and IBD. This study predicts the molecular signatures for ReA with co-evolved IBD through the enveloped host-microbe interactions and microbe-microbe ‘interspecies communication’, using synonymous gene expression data for selective microbes. We have utilized a combinatorial approach that have concomitant in-silico work-pipeline and experimental validation to corroborate the findings. In-silico analysis involving text mining, metabolic network reconstruction, simulation, filtering, host-microbe interaction, docking and molecular mimicry studies results in robust drug target/s and biomarker/s for co-evolved IBD and ReA. Cross validation of the target/s or biomarker/s was done by targeted gene expression analysis following a non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Studies were performed to substantiate the host-microbe disease network consisting of protein-marker-symptom/disease-pathway-drug associations resulting in possible identification of vital drug targets, biomarkers, pathways and inhibitors for IBD and ReA. Our study identified Na((+))/H((+)) anti-porter (NHAA) and Kynureninase (KYNU) to be robust early and essential host-microbe interacting targets for IBD co-evolved ReA. Other vital host-microbe interacting genes, proteins, pathways and drugs include Adenosine Deaminase (ADA), Superoxide Dismutase 2 (SOD2), Catalase (CAT), Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme (ACE), carbon metabolism (folate biosynthesis) and methotrexate. These can serve as potential prognostic/theranostic biomarkers and signatures that can be extrapolated to stratify ReA and related autoimmunity patient cohorts for further pilot studies.


id: cord-032753-icteg34y
author: Namai, Fu
date: 2020-09-28
txt: ./txt/cord-032753-icteg34y.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-032753-icteg34y.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7520878/
doi: 10.1038/s12276-020-00507-5
summary:
  Oral administration of these gmLAB suppressed body weight reduction and exacerbation of the disease activity index score in mice with acute colitis and decreased the number of CD4(+) IL-17A(+) cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes. HE staining of colon sections removed on the last day revealed a decrease in immune cell infiltration in the NZ-IL1Ra administration group and a significant decrease in the total mucosal tissue area (Fig. 5e-g) . Production of IL-2 by EL4.NOB-1 cells stimulated with IL-1β was suppressed by increasing the concentration of rmIL-1Ra purified from NZ-IL1Ra supernatant, commercially available mIL-1Ra, or hIL-1Ra. These results indicate that rmIL-1Ra produced by gmLAB can play an effective role as an endogenous antagonist of IL-1. In conclusion, we successfully constructed gmLAB that hypersecrete bioactive mIL-1Ra. Oral administration of NZ-IL1Ra to acute colitis mice alleviated colitis symptoms and suppressed excessive immune reactions in the intestinal tract and MLNs. These results suggest that rmIL-1Ra reaches the colon via NZ-IL1Ra and inhibits IL-1 signaling.

title:
  Microbial therapeutics for acute colitis based on genetically modified Lactococcus lactis hypersecreting IL-1Ra in mice

abstract:
  The increased incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Western and rapidly Westernizing developing countries poses a global pandemic threat. The development of affordable drugs for treating IBD worldwide is thus a priority. Genetically modified lactic acid bacteria (gmLAB) as microbial therapeutics are inexpensive protein producers suitable for use as carriers of protein to the intestinal mucosa. Here, we successfully constructed gmLAB hypersecreting interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). Oral administration of these gmLAB suppressed body weight reduction and exacerbation of the disease activity index score in mice with acute colitis and decreased the number of CD4(+) IL-17A(+) cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes. These data suggest that the gmLAB deliver IL-1Ra to the colon, where it inhibits IL-1 signaling. We thus developed a novel IBD therapeutic that blocks IL-1 signaling using a gmLAB protein delivery system. This system could be an inexpensive oral microbial therapeutic.


id: cord-253001-xmcwuuk4
author: Papa, Alfredo
date: 2020-08-19
txt: ./txt/cord-253001-xmcwuuk4.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-253001-xmcwuuk4.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32826572/
doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000830
summary:
  A retrospective study from the United States including a large cohort of patients with IBD reported that the use of antitumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a agents or thiopurines was not associated with an increased risk of developing COVID-19 (9) . In the Surveillance Epidemiology of Coronavirus Under Research Exclusion-IBD database, we found evidence of greater prevalence of milder COVID-19 cases in patients treated with anti-TNF-a than that in patients undergoing steroid treatments (3) . Further support to this theory comes from the results of the Italian Group for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease study, which reported a 60% reduction in mortality among patients receiving anti-TNF-a antibodies (although not statistically significant); however, corticosteroid use was associated, with a trend toward statistical significance, with COVID-19-related pneumonia (P 5 0.05) and death (P 5 0.064) (4). Furthermore, anti-TNF-a agents could achieve effective control of inflammatory mediators, which makeup the "cytokine storm" that occurs in severe COVID-19-related pneumonia, thereby mitigating the course of the disease.

title:
  Epidemiology and the Impact of Therapies on the Outcome of COVID-19 in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease

abstract:
  INTRODUCTION: It has been hypothesized that people suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have an increased risk of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). However, it is not known whether immunosuppressive therapies exacerbate the COVID-19 outcome. METHODS: We reviewed data on the prevalence and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with IBD. RESULTS: COVID-19 prevalence in patients with IBD was comparable with that in the general population. Therapies using antitumor necrosis factor-α agents have been associated with better clinical outcomes. DISCUSSION: Management and treatments provided by gastroenterologists were effective in reducing COVID-19 risk. Antitumor necrosis factor-α agents seem to mitigate the course of COVID-19.


id: cord-255930-2bobmkvu
title: The four epidemiological stages in the global evolution of inflammatory bowel disease
author: Kaplan, Gilaad G.
date: 2020-10-08
txt: ./txt/cord-255930-2bobmkvu.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-255930-2bobmkvu.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-020-00360-x
doi: 10.1038/s41575-020-00360-x
summary:
  Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a global disease; its evolution can be stratified into four epidemiological stages: Emergence, Acceleration in Incidence, Compounding Prevalence and Prevalence Equilibrium. Western regions will eventually transition to the Prevalence Equilibrium stage, in which the accelerating prevalence levels off as the IBD population ages and possibly as a result of an unexpected rise in mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic. The evolution of IBD occurs within Omran''s Degenerative and Human-Influenced Diseases age and has occurred across three distinct epidemiological stages ( Fig. 1) : Emergence, Acceleration in Incidence and Compounding Prevalence. In the meantime, developing, newly industrialized regions and countries of the Western world all need to innovate their current health-care delivery to address the evolving demographics of their IBD populations as they transition across epidemiological stages.

abstract:
  Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a global disease; its evolution can be stratified into four epidemiological stages: Emergence, Acceleration in Incidence, Compounding Prevalence and Prevalence Equilibrium. In 2020, developing countries are in the Emergence stage, newly industrialized countries are in the Acceleration in Incidence stage, and Western regions are in the Compounding Prevalence stage. Western regions will eventually transition to the Prevalence Equilibrium stage, in which the accelerating prevalence levels off as the IBD population ages and possibly as a result of an unexpected rise in mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mitigating the global burden of IBD will require concerted efforts in disease prevention and health-care delivery innovations that respond to changing demographics of the global IBD population. In this Perspective, we summarize the global epidemiology of IBD and use these data to stratify disease evolution into four epidemiological stages.


id: cord-256143-9u5a0jqz
title: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Biological Treatment in SARS-CoV-2 Era. Why Not?
author: Grassia, Roberto
date: 2020-05-09
txt: ./txt/cord-256143-9u5a0jqz.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-256143-9u5a0jqz.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32386056/
doi: 10.1093/ibd/izaa110
abstract: nan
summary:
  title: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Biological Treatment in SARS-CoV-2 Era. Why Not? 1 In this setting, the initial indication from the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) center in Wuhan was to discontinue all biological and immunosuppressive treatments. 3 In an Italian observational study, among 522 IBD patients (89% adults), 16% under biological therapy, none was hospitalized for COVID-19. Further studies are needed to investigate if IBD patients under biological treatment could be protected against the COVID-19 pneumonia, whereas those under immunosuppressive therapy (ie, thiopurines) could remain at higher risk of developing the disease due to the different mechanism of action. Protection of 318 Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients from the Outbreak and Rapid Spread of COVID-19 Infection in Wuhan Uneventful course in IBD patients during SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in northern Italy Are patients with inflammatory bowel disease at increased risk for Covid-19 infection?


id: cord-258066-ncuegrq7
title: Inflammatory Bowel Disease
author: nan
date: 2013-12-31
txt: ./txt/cord-258066-ncuegrq7.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-258066-ncuegrq7.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/B9781416039693002158
doi: 10.1016/b978-1-4160-3969-3.00215-8
abstract: nan
summary:
  Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a poorly defined and often incorrectly used term in ferrets and other small animals for a systemic inflammatory disease primarily involving the gastrointestinal tract. The umbrella term IBD used in ferrets and other small animals for a variety of gastrointestinal diseases is not the same disease that is seen in humans. • Ferrets are susceptible to several gastrointestinal inflammatory conditions that have erroneously been placed under the umbrella term of IBD. Endoscopic biopsies are often done early, after symptomatic medical therapy (see Acute General Treatment) has failed to control clinical signs. • It is not appropriate for a pathologist to issue a diagnosis of "inflammatory bowel disease." It is more appropriate to list the histologic findings, and to indicate that the changes could be "compatible with" a clinical diagnosis of that syndrome. • Chronic gastrointestinal inflammatory disease in ferrets is not always cured. Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in dogs and cats


id: cord-258930-60yn4hg7
title: Inflammatory bowel diseases and COVID-19: the invisible enemy
author: D’Amico, Ferdinando
date: 2020-04-16
txt: ./txt/cord-258930-60yn4hg7.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-258930-60yn4hg7.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2020.04.032
doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.04.032
abstract: nan
summary:
  All biological and immunosuppressive treatments were discontinued, visits in person were replaced by online consultations, and 318 patients were daily recommended to wash their hands frequently, to reduce the time spent outside the home and to use masks outside the home 7 . It is important to underline that a relevant percentage of evaluated patients had risk factors of infection: chronic diseases (15.4%), immunosuppressive agent therapy (11.0%), elderly (10.4%), high-risk professional categories (7.5%), and biological therapy (6.3%) 7 . Telemedicine has also been associated with a reduction in gastroenterological consultations and hospitalizations and could be a valid alternative to improve the quality of IBD patient care during the COVID-19 outbreak 23 . Comparative Risk of Serious Infections With Biologic and/or Immunosuppressive Therapy in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protection of 318 inflammatory bowel disease patients from the outbreak and rapid spread of COVID-19 infection in Wuhan


id: cord-259585-mjtxiu0t
author: Occhipinti, Vincenzo
date: 2020-04-21
txt: ./txt/cord-259585-mjtxiu0t.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-259585-mjtxiu0t.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izaa084
doi: 10.1093/ibd/izaa084
abstract: nan
summary:
  Every possible effort was made to quickly increase the capacity of intensive care units (ICUs) to accommodate the alarming numbers of very sick CoViD-19 patients, including constructing new units in unused areas of the hospital or converting surgical rooms into ICUs. These drastic measures were implemented in a very short period of time, and although necessary to counteract the devastation brought about by the outbreak, they also posed tremendous challenges to the care of patients with GI conditions, including those with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). However, for patients on biologic therapies, we have implemented a mandatory phone call-in the day before any planned hospital visit to screen for possible CoViD-19 symptoms or contact with infected individuals and to reassure patients that all possible precautions are being taken by the IBD center to reduce the risk of infection.

title:
  Challenges in the Care of IBD Patients During the CoViD-19 Pandemic: Report From a “Red Zone” Area in Northern Italy


id: cord-261029-befymalm
title: Review of inflammatory bowel disease and COVID-19
author: Sultan, Keith
date: 2020-10-07
txt: ./txt/cord-261029-befymalm.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-261029-befymalm.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33088153/
doi: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i37.5534
summary:
  Early reports of the virus, now known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, and its clinical disease coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has shown higher rates of morbidity and mortality in the elderly and those with pre-existing medical conditions. The authors also reported that there had been no cases of IBD/SARS-CoV-2 infected patients in the three largest tertiary IBD centers in Wuhan (Tongji Hospital, Union Hospital, and Zhongnan Hospital) at the time their manuscript was prepared, March 8, 2020. Rodriguez-Lago et al [29] reported on 40 cases of IBD (21 hospitalized) with confirmed positive tests for SARS-CoV-2 from 5 sites in the Basque Country (Spain), median age 59 years, 60% male, 32% Crohn''s disease (CD), with 28% on immune therapy, 18% biologic, and 10% systemic corticosteroids. To date, the largest national case reporting has come from a combined 24 IBD referral centers in Italy, affiliated with the Italian Group for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IG-IBD) [32] .

abstract:
  The first cases of a novel corona virus infection were reported in Wuhan China in December of 2019, followed by the declaration of an international pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. Early reports of the virus, now known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, and its clinical disease coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has shown higher rates of morbidity and mortality in the elderly and those with pre-existing medical conditions. Of particular concern is the safety of those with compromised immune systems. Inflammatory Bowel disease (IBD) is itself caused by a disordered immune response, with the most effective medical therapies being immune suppressing or modifying. As such, the risk of COVID-19, virus related outcomes, and appropriate management of IBD patients during the global pandemic is of immediate concern to gastroenterologists worldwide. There has been a rapid accumulation of clinical data and expert opinion on the topic. This review will highlight the latest source information on clinical observation/outcomes of the IBD population and provide a concise summary of the most up to date perspectives on IBD management in the age of COVID-19.


id: cord-263419-qeo6qn0d
title: Protecting patients with IBD during the COVID-19 pandemic
author: Fiorino, Gionata
date: 2020-05-20
txt: ./txt/cord-263419-qeo6qn0d.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-263419-qeo6qn0d.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468125320301527
doi: 10.1016/s2468-1253(20)30152-7
abstract: nan
summary:
  An and colleagues stopped biologics (infliximab infusions) and immunosuppressive treatments for all patients with IBD. Indeed, a systematic review 4 showed that the risk of hospital admission (odds ratio 0·48, 95% CI 0·29-0·80) and surgery (0·67, 0·46-0·97) is significantly reduced by use of biologics for patients with IBD. The probability of relapse after stopping effective immunomodulators or biological therapy is about 50% and is associated with an increased need for steroids, and risk of hospital admission and surgery. Thus, the risk and benefits of continuing or stopping biologics should be carefully balanced and should not be assumed to be a general rule for all patients with IBD, especially given the length of time the pandemic is likely to last. Prevention of COVID-19 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in Wuhan, China Systematic review of effects of withdrawal of immunomodulators or biologic agents from patients with inflammatory bowel disease


id: cord-266392-bayabroa
author: Brenner, Erica J.
date: 2020-10-12
txt: ./txt/cord-266392-bayabroa.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-266392-bayabroa.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33059040/
doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.10.010
abstract: nan
summary:
  2 Since highest ACE2 expression is in the terminal ileum and colon, further upregulated during inflammation, and many COVID-19 patients experience gastrointestinal symptoms, longitudinal data are necessary determine whether inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) patients are at risk for severe or complicated COVID-19. A recent analysis in IBD patients from the SECURE-IBD registry revealed older age, steroid medication and comorbidities as risk factors for severe evolution, while the same study showed that the 29 IBD patients less 20 years had only mild disease courses. Factors associated with hospitalization included comorbid conditions other than IBD (50% hospitalized vs 12% not; p value <0.01), moderate/severe IBD disease activity (64% vs 15%; p value <0.01 overall), gastrointestinal symptoms (71% vs 19%, p value <0.01), sulfasalazine/mesalamine use (57% vs 21%; p value 0.01), and steroid use (29% vs 8%, p value 0.03). The six-year-old colitis patient requiring ICU care in this series is in line with the recent reports of multi-systemic inflammatory (Kawasaki-like) syndrome temporarily related to SARS-CoV-2 infection in children.

title:
  BENIGN EVOLUTION OF SARS-CoV2 INFECTIONS IN CHILDREN WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE: RESULTS FROM TWO INTERNATIONAL DATABASES


id: cord-266648-962r0vm8
author: Grossberg, Laurie B
date: 2020-07-03
txt: ./txt/cord-266648-962r0vm8.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-266648-962r0vm8.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izaa174
doi: 10.1093/ibd/izaa174
abstract: nan
summary:
  title: Review of Societal Recommendations Regarding Management of Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Although data in patients with IBD contracting COVID-19 are still limited, both providers and patients have particular concerns regarding the risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 and how to manage their medications during the COVID-19 pandemic. Information regarding risk factors, prevention, routine care (including office visits, testing, endoscopy, and surgery), and medication management of patients with IBD in the setting of COVID-19 was collected from each reference and is summarized in the Results. 10, 11 Other organizations, including the American Gastroenterological Association doi: 10.1093/ibd/izaa174 Published online 3 July 2020 (AGA), the Gastroenterological Society of Australia, and the European Crohn''s and Colitis Organisation (ECCO), agree that there are no data to support an increased risk of infection among patients with IBD.

title:
  Review of Societal Recommendations Regarding Management of Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic


id: cord-267260-8l831mre
author: Brenner, Erica J.
date: 2020-05-18
txt: ./txt/cord-267260-8l831mre.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-267260-8l831mre.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.032
doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.032
summary:
  Risk factors for severe COVID-19 among IBD patients included increasing age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.04, 95% CI 1.01-1.02), ≥2 comorbidities (aOR 2.9, 95% CI 1.1-7.8), systemic corticosteroids (aOR 6.9, 95% CI 2.3-20.5), and sulfasalazine or 5-aminosalicylate use (aOR 3.1, 95% CI 1.3-7.7). To understand the impact of IBD on case fatality, we computed expected and observed deaths and age-standardized mortality ratios (SMR) utilizing published agestratified COVID-19 case fatality rates from China and Italy 2, 23 and publically available data from the U.S. 24, 25 Multivariable logistic regression estimated the independent effects of age, sex, disease (CD vs UC/IBD-U), disease activity, smoking, BMI ≥30, and number of comorbidities (0, 1, ≥2) on the primary outcome of severe COVID-19, defined as a composite of ICU admission, ventilator use, and/or death, consistent with existing COVID-19 literature. In our exploratory analyses, we found that TNF antagonist combination therapy, compared to monotherapy, was positively associated with the outcome of hospitalization or death (aOR 5.0, 95% CI 2.0-12.3), after adjusting for clinical and demographic variables and use of systemic corticosteroids and 5-ASA/sulfasalazine.

title:
  Corticosteroids, but not TNF Antagonists, are Associated with Adverse COVID-19 Outcomes in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Results from an International Registry

abstract:
  Background and Aims The impact of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is unknown. We sought to characterize the clinical course of COVID-19 among IBD patients and evaluate the association between demographics, clinical characteristics, and immunosuppressant treatments on COVID-19 outcomes. Methods Surveillance Epidemiology of Coronavirus Under Research Exclusion for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (SECURE-IBD) is a large, international registry created to monitor outcomes of IBD patients with confirmed COVID-19. We calculated age-standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and utilized multivariable logistic regression to identify factors associated with severe COVID-19, defined as intensive care unit admission, ventilator use, and/or death. Results 525 cases from 33 countries were reported (Median age 43 years, 53% men). Thirty-seven patients (7%) had severe COVID-19, 161 (31%) were hospitalized, and 16 patients died (3% case fatality rate). SMRs for IBD patients were 1.8 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.9-2.6), 1.5 (95% CI 0.7-2.2), and 1.7 (95% CI 0.9-2.5) relative to data from China, Italy, and the US, respectively. Risk factors for severe COVID-19 among IBD patients included increasing age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.04, 95% CI 1.01-1.02), ≥2 comorbidities (aOR 2.9, 95% CI 1.1-7.8), systemic corticosteroids (aOR 6.9, 95% CI 2.3-20.5), and sulfasalazine or 5-aminosalicylate use (aOR 3.1, 95% CI 1.3-7.7). TNF antagonist treatment was not associated with severe COVID-19 (aOR 0.9, 95% CI 0.4-2.2). Conclusions Increasing age, comorbidities, and corticosteroids are associated with severe COVID-19 among IBD patients, although a causal relationship cannot be definitively established. Notably, TNF antagonists do not appear to be associated with severe COVID-19.


id: cord-269390-4yn8c34i
title: Fogging IBD Management: An Unusual Case of IBD Flare-up During the COVID-19 Outbreak
author: Rimondi, Alessandro
date: 2020-07-28
txt: ./txt/cord-269390-4yn8c34i.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-269390-4yn8c34i.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izaa184
doi: 10.1093/ibd/izaa184
abstract: nan
summary:
  We have read with interest the article by Occhipinti and Pastorelli, with particular reference to the management of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) relapse during the COVID-19 outbreak. 1 Diagnostic challenges may arise in the presence of symptoms that overlap between active IBD and COVID-19, and concerns about the use of immunosuppressive drugs, mainly corticosteroids, which potentially lead to an increased risk for infections. We hereby report on a representative case of how COVID-19 has redefined priorities and changed our clinical approach to active IBD patients. 3 Therefore, the differential diagnosis between IBD relapse and SARS-CoV-2 infection has possibly proved challenging at the peak of the COVID-19 outbreak. Ageusia, as reported by our patient, contributed to increase the suspicion of SARS-CoV-2 infection and made the differential diagnosis trickier. Challenges in the care of IBD patients during the CoViD-19 pandemic: report from a "Red Zone" area in Northern Italy


id: cord-269835-mz7i66qp
title: SFED recommendations for IBD endoscopy during COVID-19 pandemic: Italian and French experience
author: Furfaro, Federica
date: 2020-06-11
txt: ./txt/cord-269835-mz7i66qp.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-269835-mz7i66qp.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32528139/
doi: 10.1038/s41575-020-0319-3
summary:
  The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has required a complete change in the management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who need to undergo endoscopic procedures. In particular, recommendations regarding the use of personal protective equipment to prevent COVID-19 transmission, both for patients and health-care professionals, are proposed and different scenarios in endoscopic IBD management are evaluated to suggest when endoscopy could be rescheduled and replaced by alternative biomarkers. The panel of experts con sidered possible aerosolization during colonoscopy, in particular during the insertion and removal of instruments through the biopsy channel and the presence of the virus in the stool and advised on the use of N95 masks for lower gastrointestinal procedures as a precautionary measure to protect the endoscopist from the risk of possible COVID-19 transmission from the patient if infected by SARS-CoV-2 (ref.

abstract:
  The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has required a complete change in the management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who need to undergo endoscopic procedures. Several preventive measures must be taken to avoid the spread of infection among health-care professionals and patients with IBD, including the use of personal protective equipment, greater attention to endoscopic room hygiene and rescheduling of non-urgent procedures. This Perspective aims to provide a guide based on the Italian and French experience to better face the difficulties encountered by endoscopists during this global health emergency. In particular, recommendations regarding the use of personal protective equipment to prevent COVID-19 transmission, both for patients and health-care professionals, are proposed and different scenarios in endoscopic IBD management are evaluated to suggest when endoscopy could be rescheduled and replaced by alternative biomarkers.


id: cord-275199-y7b12vml
author: Suárez-Fariñas, Mayte
date: 2020-09-25
txt: ./txt/cord-275199-y7b12vml.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-275199-y7b12vml.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016508520352100?v=s5
doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.09.029
summary:
  The RISK cohort 18 : ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in treatment-free pediatric CD (<17 years of age) patients was studied using RNA-seq expression profiles from GSE57945, which includes ileal biopsies from endoscopically defined inflamed samples (n=160), non-inflamed (n=53) and non-IBD controls (n=42). Genes differentially expressed in blood 22 , lung NHBE/A549 23 or human small intestinal organoids 24 (hSIO) following SARS-CoV-2 infection; IBD inflammation; or response to medications were separately projected onto various BGRNs allowing for 1 or 2 nearest neighbors depending on the signature sizes. The expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 was similar when comparing active smokers to non-smokers, either between healthy controls or IBD patients (data not shown) and no significant interactions with inflammation status, region or other covariates were found. We observed that genes: up-regulated with inflammation, or positively associated with macroscopic or microscopic measures of disease, or associated with the risk of IBD, were significantly enriched with genes up-regulated by SARS-CoV2 infection of lung epithelial cells ( Figure S10e ).

title:
  Intestinal inflammation modulates the expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and potentially overlaps with the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 related disease

abstract:
  Background and Aims The presence of gastrointestinal symptoms and high levels of viral RNA in the stool suggest active Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) replication within enterocytes. Methods Here, in multiple, large cohorts of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), we have studied the intersections between Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), intestinal inflammation and IBD treatment. Results A striking expression of ACE2 on the small bowel enterocyte brush border supports intestinal infectivity by SARS-CoV-2. Commonly used IBD medications, both biologic and non-biologic, do not significantly impact ACE2 and TMPRSS2 receptor expression in the uninflamed intestines. Additionally, we have defined molecular responses to COVID-19 infection that are also enriched in IBD, pointing to shared molecular networks between COVID-19 and IBD. Conclusions These data generate a novel appreciation of the confluence of COVID-19- and IBD-associated inflammation and provide mechanistic insights supporting further investigation of specific IBD drugs in the treatment of COVID-19.


id: cord-275447-nx45kwn6
title: Rapid Review: Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Agents and Aminosalicylates in COVID-19 Infections
author: Ehrenpreis, Eli D.
date: 2020-06-10
txt: ./txt/cord-275447-nx45kwn6.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-275447-nx45kwn6.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32530870/
doi: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001371
summary:
  Since 5-ASAs are a mainstay treatment for inflammatory bowel disease, the authors review the pharmacology of both classes of drugs and discuss the potential relevance of 5-ASAs in the ongoing discussion of medication use in patients infected with COVID-19. T here has been recent controversy regarding the risk that ibuprofen (and possibly other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, NSAIDs) may worsen the clinical course of patients that are infected with COVID-19. It is therefore the purpose of this brief review to inform practitioners treating patients with 5-ASAs about the potential relationships between 5-ASAs and NSAIDs. At the time of this writing, both the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have not recommended the avoidance of ibuprofen in patients with known or suspected COVID-19 infections.

abstract:
  In the current COVID-19 pandemic, there has been concern regarding the use of ibuprofen and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents by COVID-19 infected patients. Aminosalicylates (5-ASAs) are structurally similar and have anti-inflammatory functions that resemble those of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. Since 5-ASAs are a mainstay treatment for inflammatory bowel disease, the authors review the pharmacology of both classes of drugs and discuss the potential relevance of 5-ASAs in the ongoing discussion of medication use in patients infected with COVID-19.


id: cord-276267-77903fld
title: Review article: prevention, diagnosis and management of COVID‐19 in the IBD patient
author: Al‐Ani, Aysha H.
date: 2020-05-26
txt: ./txt/cord-276267-77903fld.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-276267-77903fld.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32348598/
doi: 10.1111/apt.15779
summary:
  6 Consequently, there is a concern that IBD patients are at greater risk of developing COVID-19 and at increased risk of progressing to a more severe clinical course or even death compared to the general population. 18 Furthermore, there is a recent case report of a possible SARS-CoV-2 gastrointestinal infection causing acute haemorrhagic colitis and signalling COVID-19 disease. Clinical assessment of risk factors for infection in inflammatory bowel disease patients Protection of 318 inflammatory bowel disease patients from the outbreak and rapid spread of COVID-19 infection in Wuhan Risk of infection with methotrexate therapy in inflammatory diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis Comparative risk of serious infections with biologic and/or immunosuppressive therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis Infection-related hospitalizations are associated with increased mortality in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases Respiratory tract infections in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: safety analyses from vedolizumab clinical trials

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: The current COVID‐19 pandemic, caused by SARS‐CoV‐2, has emerged as a public health emergency. All nations are seriously challenged as the virus spreads rapidly across the globe with no regard for borders. The primary management of IBD involves treating uncontrolled inflammation with most patients requiring immune‐based therapies. However, these therapies may weaken the immune system and potentially place IBD patients at increased risk of infections and infectious complications including those from COVID‐19. AIM: To summarise the scale of the COVID‐19 pandemic, review unique concerns regarding IBD management and infection risk during the pandemic and assess COVID‐19 management options and drug interactions in the IBD population. METHODS: A literature review on IBD, SARS‐CoV‐2 and COVID‐19 was undertaken and relevant literature was summarised and critically examined. RESULTS: IBD patients do not appear to be more susceptible to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and there is no evidence of an association between IBD therapies and increased risk of COVID‐19. IBD medication adherence should be encouraged to prevent disease flare but where possible high‐dose systemic corticosteroids should be avoided. Patients should exercise social distancing, optimise co‐morbidities and be up to date with influenza and pneumococcal vaccines. If a patient develops COVID‐19, immune suppressing medications should be withheld until infection resolution and if trial medications for COVID‐19 are being considered, potential drug interactions should be checked. CONCLUSION: IBD patient management presents a challenge in the current COVID‐19 pandemic. The primary focus should remain on keeping bowel inflammation controlled and encouraging medication adherence.


id: cord-280023-r3qgdgeu
title: Challenges in paediatric inflammatory bowel diseases in the COVID-19 time
author: Dipasquale, Valeria
date: 2020-04-08
txt: ./txt/cord-280023-r3qgdgeu.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-280023-r3qgdgeu.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2020.03.015
doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2020.03.015
abstract: nan
summary:
  The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), first reported in China in December 2019, now involves the whole world [1 , 2] . Currently no cases of IBD patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 have been reported. As the risk of infections is generally higher in case of combination therapy (biologics plus immunomodulators) in adult and paediatric patients with IBD [6 , 7] , caution should be used with this therapeutic strategy during the COVID-19 epidemic. In conclusion, while waiting for more specific data concerning the risk of COVID-19 in children with IBD and, more generally, in paediatric patients on immunosuppressive therapy, it seems reasonable to carefully weigh the risks/benefits ratio of treatment with immunomodulators and biologics, especially in areas of high infection rate or outbreaks. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China


id: cord-281275-i9920nvm
author: Schlabitz, Franziska
date: 2020-06-12
txt: ./txt/cord-281275-i9920nvm.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-281275-i9920nvm.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izaa155
doi: 10.1093/ibd/izaa155
abstract: nan
summary:
  title: Inflammatory Bowel Disease and COVID-19—"Preventive" Sick Certificates as a Frequent Coping Strategy in the Face of the Pandemic 1 The authors report their experiences and challenges in managing patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) during the COVID-19 pandemic. We complement this important information by presenting a survey conducted among German patients with IBD regarding their personal evaluation of their work-related risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the survey participants have used this coping strategy frequently. Clearly, the ability to work is very important to most patients with IBD. Therefore, straightforward recommendations stating clearly who is at risk and who should avoid which type of work are very important for managing the daily life of our patients. Niels Teich: acquisition of data, analysis, critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content. Challenges in the care of IBD patients during the CoViD-19 pandemic: report from a "Red Zone" area in Northern Italy

title:
  Inflammatory Bowel Disease and COVID-19—“Preventive” Sick Certificates as a Frequent Coping Strategy in the Face of the Pandemic


id: cord-283279-1qcdnd1y
author: Barberio, Brigida
date: 2020-07-17
txt: ./txt/cord-283279-1qcdnd1y.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-283279-1qcdnd1y.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S001650852034943X
doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.07.017
abstract: nan
summary:
  title: The Adherence to Infusible Biologic Therapies in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients During COVID-19 Pandemic: Is It Really a Problem? 1 a evaluating the adherence to infusible biologic therapies, defined as receiving an infusion within ten weeks of the prior infusion, in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) during the current Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. 4, 5 For instance, at our Center, one week before the infusion, patients were contacted by email to reassure about the lack of risk in moving to the Hospital and the benefit of continuing medical therapy. We should explain to our patients with chronic diseases why it is important that they adhere to therapies which are relative safe and manageable despite the COVID-19 pandemic. Adherence of infusible biologics during the time of COVID-19 among patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A nationwide VA cohort study

title:
  The Adherence to Infusible Biologic Therapies in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients During COVID-19 Pandemic: Is It Really a Problem?


id: cord-284234-9cd2v6bt
title: Safety of drugs during previous and current coronavirus pandemics: Lessons for IBD
author: Sebastian, S
date: 2020-06-10
txt: ./txt/cord-284234-9cd2v6bt.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-284234-9cd2v6bt.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa120
doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa120
summary:
  Understandable concerns have been raised on the safety of steroids, immunosuppressive drugs, and biologics used in patients for a variety of indications including immune mediated inflammatory disease such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which do increase the risk of opportunistic bacterial, viral and fungal infections (5) . Therefore, continuing concerns remain both from IBD patients and the A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t clinicians managing them, regarding the potential of IBD related drugs causing more frequent infections by SARS-CoV2, and increased risk of severe complications from COVID-19 (13) . Corticosteroids are thought to have a divergent effect on viral infections including SARS COV viruses; on one hand they inhibit host immune response acting on migration and chemokines production leading to impaired viral clearance and the resultant prolonged Moreover, a prospective, randomized double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial compared early hydrocortisone treatment (before day seven of the illness) with a placebo and found that early hydrocortisone therapy was associated with a higher subsequent plasma viral load (61) .

abstract:
  The Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed challenges in the routine care of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. One of the key challenges needing addressing is the quantification of the risks of immunosuppressive and biologic therapies in IBD patients during the pandemic. The similarities and differences between the previous coronavirus outbreaks and the pathobiology of the infections can give useful information in understanding the risks, and perhaps potential beneficial aspects of drugs used in IBD. Although clinical, immunological and pharmacological data from the experience with the previous coronavirus outbreaks cannot be automatically translated to predict the safety of IBD therapies during COVID-19 pandemic, the signals so far from these outbreaks on IBD patients who are on immunomodulators and biologics are reassuring to patients and clinicians alike.


id: cord-285238-bpk3xl8x
title: Intestinal and Peripheral Fibrinogen-Like Protein 2 Expression in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
author: Dong, Xiuli
date: 2013-11-28
txt: ./txt/cord-285238-bpk3xl8x.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-285238-bpk3xl8x.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-013-2962-9
doi: 10.1007/s10620-013-2962-9
summary:
  AIM: The purpose of this work was to investigate intestinal and peripheral expression of FGL2 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), mainly ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn''s disease (CD). Correlations of FGL2 expression with disease type, activity, and location, and with measured laboratory data, including C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), were examined. However, our study demonstrated that intestinal and peripheral expression of FGL2 was significantly higher in UC and CD patients with active disease, and decreased in inactive disease. Reduced FGL2 expression in patients with inactive disease may be because successful treatment, including immune modifiers, anti-TNF-a therapy, and other anti-inflammatory treatment, made up for the deficiency of Treg cells, or reversed the deficiency to exert sufficient suppression against other subsets of T lymphocytes through multiple other suppression molecules.

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Fibrinogen-like protein 2 (FGL2), a new member of the fibrinogen-like family, has recently been identified as a novel immunosuppressive molecule. AIM: The purpose of this work was to investigate intestinal and peripheral expression of FGL2 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), mainly ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). METHODS: FGL2 expression in mucosal biopsies from three groups (UC group (n = 61), CD group (n = 54), and controls group (n = 35)) was detected by immunohistochemistry. Concentrations of FGL2 in plasma from 50 UC patients, 45 CD patients, and 30 controls were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Western blot of FGL2 protein and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR of FGL2 mRNA expression by peripheral mononuclear cells was performed. Correlations of FGL2 expression with disease type, activity, and location, and with measured laboratory data, including C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), were examined. RESULTS: Intestinal and peripheral FGL2 protein data showed that FGL2 expression was significantly up-regulated in both UC and CD patients compared with controls (P < 0.001). Expression of FGL2 was higher in UC and CD patients with active disease than in those with inactive disease (P < 0.001). Moreover, FGL2 mRNA expression was significantly higher in patients with active disease than in those with inactive disease (P < 0.050). Expression of FGL2 protein was correlated with disease activity indices, CRP levels, and ESR levels. CONCLUSION: Expression of FGL2 was up-regulated in IBD patients with active disease. Measurement of FGL2 may be used as a helpful biomarker for understanding immunopathogenesis and for assessment of IBD.


id: cord-285426-iyl12ber
author: Ghavami, Shaghayegh Baradaran
date: 2020-09-08
txt: ./txt/cord-285426-iyl12ber.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-285426-iyl12ber.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32779446/
doi: 10.22074/cellj.2020.7603
summary:
  Interestingly, in the recent pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID19) , and the SARS-CoV epidemic in 2003, while the fecal samples of these patients were positive for the virus, they did not present any severe respiratory distress syndrome (4). Remarkably, the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) is the receptor for SARS-CoV-2 and it is expressed in different organs including the lungs, testis and ileum. showed that when rheumatoid arthritis patients were treated with anti-TNF-α biologicals (infliximab, adalimumab, and certolizumab pegol), the expression of IFN-α-regulated genes was increased in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) compared to the control group. Besides, in IBD patients, particularly those who are under anti-TNF-α treatment, the host innate immune system interferes more efficiently with viral replication cycle and the clinical presentations are more moderate (9, 12) . Are patients with inflammatory bowel disease at increased risk for Covid-19 infection?

title:
  IBD Patients Could Be Silent Carriers for Novel Coronavirus and Less Prone to its Severe Adverse Events: True or False?

abstract:
  Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. The goal of IBD treatment is to reduce the inflammation period and induce long-term remission. Use of anti-inflammatory drugs including corticosteroids, immunosuppressants and biologicals, is often the first step in the treatment of IBD. Therefore, IBD patients in pandemic of infectious diseases are considered a high-risk group. The public believes that IBD patients are at a higher risk in the current coronavirus 2 pandemic. Nevertheless, these patients may experience mild or moderate complications compared to healthy people. This might be because of particular anti-TNF-α treatment or any immunosuppressant that IBD patients receive. Moreover, these patients might be silent carrier for the virus.


id: cord-285820-g8b7u3yf
author: Taxonera, Carlos
date: 2020-08-19
txt: ./txt/cord-285820-g8b7u3yf.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-285820-g8b7u3yf.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izaa223
doi: 10.1093/ibd/izaa223
summary:
  We evaluated the feasibility of a strategy based on the conversion of face-to-face visits to telephone consultations to manage IBD outpatients during the COVID-19 pandemic. 8, 9 The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of a strategy based on the conversion of face-to-face visits to remote telephone consultations to improve care of patients with IBD during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to evaluate satisfaction of patients with telephone consultations. 10 Here, we report the outcomes and patient perception of a strategy based on the conversion of face-to-face visits to remote telephone consultations to improve care of outpatients with IBD during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results of a global telemedicine survey among gastroenterologists by the International Organization for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IOIBD) demonstrated the shift from face-to face clinics to remote telemedicine during COVID-19, with telephone consultations increasing the most, currently accounting for over half of all IBD visits.

title:
  Innovation in IBD Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of a Cross-Sectional Survey on Patient-Reported Experience Measures

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a clinical situation that could be used as prototype for implementation of new systems of care. METHODS: This was a single-center, cross-sectional study. We evaluated the feasibility of a strategy based on the conversion of face-to-face visits to telephone consultations to manage IBD outpatients during the COVID-19 pandemic. A 4-item telephone survey (3 closed questions and a 100-point numeric description scale) was conducted to evaluate satisfaction of patients with telephone consultations. RESULTS: Between March 11 and April 8, 2020, 98% of the 216 scheduled face-to-face visits could be converted to telephone consultations, and we resolved an additional 162 urgent consultations by telephone. The rate of IBD-related hospitalization and visits to the emergency department decreased by 50% and 58%, respectively, compared with rates in the same period the previous year. The 4-item survey was conducted in 171 outpatients. In closed questions, patients reported a very high degree of satisfaction with telephone consultations, with no differences between scheduled (n = 123) and urgent consultations (n = 48; P = NS). The overall satisfaction rating with the telephone consultation evaluated with the numerical description scale was 94% and 93% for scheduled and urgent consultations, respectively (P < 0.82). Less than 20% of patients would have preferred a face-to-face visit to the telephone consultation at the time. CONCLUSIONS: A strategy based on the conversion of face-to-face visits to telephone consultations was able to guarantee a minimum standard quality of care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients reported a very high degree of satisfaction with telephone consultations.


id: cord-286912-cww4ha3j
author: Manolakis, Anastassios C
date: 2017-01-21
txt: ./txt/cord-286912-cww4ha3j.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-286912-cww4ha3j.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v23.i3.437
doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i3.437
summary:
  METHODS: AHSG serum levels were determined in treatment-naïve newly-diagnosed patients, 96 with ulcerative colitis (UC), 84 with Crohn''s disease (CD), 62 with diarrhea-predominant or mixed irritable bowel syndrome (IBS, Dand Mtypes) and 180 healthy controls (HC), by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Low levels of AHSG have been recorded in patients on hemodialysis, those with cirrhosis, hepatoma or rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an entity sharing common inflammatory pathways with IBD, and have been linked to vascular -excessive valvular and coronary artery calcification, ischemic events-and skeletal disorders -osteopenia [14, 17, 18] . In order to perform additional testing of the link between lower AHSG levels and complicated disease behavior, logistic regression was applied, while considering penetrating or stricturing CD, as dependent, and AHSG concentrations, in quartiles -lowest, low, high, highest -as independent variables. After multivariate analysis -also considering age, sex, activity, duration, smoking status-the inverse association between AHSG and need for anti-TNFα therapy or surgery remained statistically significant (partial correlation coefficients: -0.33 and -0.41, respectively -P < 0.05, in both cases).

title:
  α2-Heremans-schmid glycoprotein (fetuin A) downregulation and its utility in inflammatory bowel disease

abstract:
  AIM: To investigate the impact of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on α2-Heremans-Schmid Glycoprotein (AHSG/fetuin A) and potential associations with disease and patient characteristics. METHODS: AHSG serum levels were determined in treatment-naïve newly-diagnosed patients, 96 with ulcerative colitis (UC), 84 with Crohn's disease (CD), 62 with diarrhea-predominant or mixed irritable bowel syndrome (IBS, D- and M- types) and 180 healthy controls (HC), by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All patients were followed for a minimum period of 3 years at the Gastroenterology Department of the University Hospital of Larissa, Greece. C-reactive protein (CRP), anti-glycan antibodies, anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae mannan antibodies IgG, anti-mannobioside carbohydrate antibodies IgG, anti-laminariobioside carbohydrate antibodies IgG and anti-chitobioside carbohydrate antibodies IgA were also determined via immunonephelometry and ELISA, respectively. RESULTS: The mean ± SE of serum AHSG, following adjustment for confounders, was 0.32 ± 0.02 g/L in IBD, 0.32 ± 0.03 g/L in CD and 0.34 ± 0.03 g/L in UC patients, significantly lower than in IBS patients (0.7 ± 0.018 g/L) and HC (0.71 ± 0.02 g/L) (P < 0.0001, in all cases). AHSG levels were comparable between the CD and UC groups. Based on AHSG levels IBD patients could be distinguished from HC with about 90% sensitivity and specificity. Further adjusted analysis verified the inverse association between AHSG and penetrating, as well as stricturing CD (partial correlation coefficient: -0.45 and -0.33, respectively) (P < 0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors, inverse correlations between AHSG and CRP and the need for anti-TNFα therapy or surgery, were found (partial correlation coefficients: -0.31, -0.33, -0.41, respectively, P < 0.05, in all cases). Finally, IBD individuals who were seropositive, for at least one marker, had AHSG levels falling within the two lower quartiles (OR = 2.86, 95%CI: 1.5-5.44, P < 0.001) while those with at least two serological markers positive exhibited AHSG concentrations within the lowest quartile (OR = 5.03, 95%CI: 2.07-12.21, P < 0.001), after adjusting for age, sex and smoking. CONCLUSION: AHSG can be used to distinguish between IBD and IBS patients or HC while at the same time "predicting" complicated disease behavior, need for therapy escalation and surgery. Moreover, AHSG may offer new insights into the pathogenesis of IBD, since it is involved in key processes.


id: cord-287885-1jwwmoys
title: Views of patients with inflammatory bowel disease on the COVID-19 pandemic: a global survey
author: D''Amico, Ferdinando
date: 2020-05-13
txt: ./txt/cord-287885-1jwwmoys.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-287885-1jwwmoys.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468125320301515
doi: 10.1016/s2468-1253(20)30151-5
abstract: nan
summary:
  title: Views of patients with inflammatory bowel disease on the COVID-19 pandemic: a global survey Therefore, we did an anonymous web survey with the support of the European Federation of Crohn''s and Ulcerative Colitis Associations (EFCCA) between March 30 and April 16, 2020, to investigate the concerns, fears, and behaviours of patients with IBD during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. The European Crohn''s and Colitis Organisation, the British Society of Gastroenterology, and the International Organization for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases have responded to this request, providing practical guidelines for the management of patients with IBD during the pandemic, focusing not only on drug treatment but also on advice for daily life (eg, social distancing, use of masks, and travel avoidance). Prevention of COVID-19 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in Wuhan, China British Society of Gastroenterology guidance for management of inflammatory bowel disease during the COVID-19 pandemic


id: cord-288014-rrr4x755
title: Excessive anxiety in IBD patients is unnecessary for COVID-19
author: Wang, Hong-Gang
date: 2020-05-12
txt: ./txt/cord-288014-rrr4x755.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-288014-rrr4x755.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinre.2020.03.001
doi: 10.1016/j.clinre.2020.03.001
abstract: nan
summary:
  To the editor, Currently, 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection disease (COVID-19) broke out in Wuhan, China and spread worldwide [1, 2] . Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic non-specific intestinal disease, including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn''s disease (CD), and many of these patients have anxiety [3] . Analysis of the transcriptome data of these samples, we found that the expression of ACE2 in the terminal ileum was significantly higher than that in the rectal colon, with a fold change of 9.8 times (P < 0.001). The expression of ACE2 in the UC rectum was not significantly higher than that in non-IBD. In the terminal ileum of CD, ACE2 expression was also not higher than that of non-IBD. These results indicate that the expression of ACE2 does not show a significant difference between IBD and non-IBD patients. Compared with non-IBD, there was no significant difference in TMPRSS2 expression in the rectum and terminal ileum of patients with IBD.


id: cord-288439-srzysoqy
author: Segal, Jonathan P.
date: 2020-09-03
txt: ./txt/cord-288439-srzysoqy.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-288439-srzysoqy.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32952613/
doi: 10.1177/1756284820946904
summary:
  Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is currently a recommended therapy for recurrent/ refractory Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is currently a recommended therapy for recurrent/ refractory Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). Rodent studies supported the concept that restoration of bacterial bile-metabolising capacity to the gut microbiota was protective against CDI, 39 prompting interest into whether this could also be a mechanism of efficacy of FMT. difficile; administration of an FXR agonist in a mouse model of colitis resulted in significantly reduced colonic inflammation and a more intact intestinal barrier, 44 while microbially mediated production of particular secondary bile acids exhibit anti-inflammatory effects on intestinal epithelial cells 45 and have been recently recognised as promoting generation of peripheral regulatory T cells. Restoration of short chain fatty acid and bile acid metabolism following fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with recurrent Clostridium difficile infection

title:
  Mechanisms underpinning the efficacy of faecal microbiota transplantation in treating gastrointestinal disease

abstract:
  Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is currently a recommended therapy for recurrent/refractory Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). The success of FMT for CDI has led to interest in its therapeutic potential in many other disorders. The mechanisms that underpin the efficacy of FMT are not fully understood. Importantly, FMT remains a crucial treatment in managing CDI and understanding the mechanisms that underpin its success will be critical to improve its clinical efficacy, safety and usability. Furthermore, a deeper understanding of this may allow us to expose FMT’s full potential as a therapeutic tool for other disease states. This review will explore the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying the efficacy of FMT across a variety of diseases.


id: cord-290750-85731og8
title: Management of IBD during the COVID-19 outbreak: resetting clinical priorities
author: Danese, Silvio
date: 2020-03-25
txt: ./txt/cord-290750-85731og8.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-290750-85731og8.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-020-0294-8
doi: 10.1038/s41575-020-0294-8
summary:
  Because of the very high transmission capacity, the WHO declared the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection a public health emergency of international concern. Additional recommendations for patients with IBD from the IOIBD: • Medicines such as mesalamine are safe • If possible, withdraw from steroid use • Biologic agents used to treat IBD (e.g. anti-TNF agents, ustekinumab and vedolizumab) are generally safe; there are no recommendations to stop taking these medications and the effects of these drugs are present for many months • Thiopurines and tofacitinib tend to inhibit the immune response to viral infections, but stopping these agents in the short-term will not help • Get the influenza vaccination • Stay at home and minimize social contact c | Strategies to enable maintenance of our biologic agent clinic during the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy include checkpoints at hospital entrances for symptom screening and use of surgical masks for clinical staff and patients.

abstract:
  The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) worldwide outbreak has led to a dramatic challenge for all healthcare systems, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) centres. Here, we describe the fast changes and clinical issues that IBD specialists could face during this SARS-CoV-2 infection pandemic, highlighting the potential rearrangements of care and resetting of clinical priorities.


id: cord-295066-76se8mxq
author: Botti, Fiorenzo
date: 2020-08-31
txt: ./txt/cord-295066-76se8mxq.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-295066-76se8mxq.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2020.08.039
doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2020.08.039
abstract: nan
summary:
  [4] As a tertiary referral centre for the surgical management of IBD patients, it was important to clearly define which complicated IBD cases were to be operated, by taking into account several variables including disease severity and quality of life, presence of comorbidities, feasibility of an alternative procedure. According to the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) guidelines on the IBD management during the COVID-19 pandemic, [5] routine elective operations should be deferred, while emergency procedures (e.g. colectomy in acute severe ulcerative colitis [UC] or intestinal resection in septic complications of penetrating Crohn''s disease [CD]) should continue. Complex surgical IBD cases should also be deferred when possible and its timing must be regularly reviewed at multidisciplinary meetings, trying to optimize medical treatment (e.g. using partial or exclusive enteral nutrition regimens or draining abscesses in combination with antibiotic therapy) and to avoid surgery or change the timing from emergency to urgent or semi-urgent.

title:
  URGENT SURGERY FOR INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES DURING THE COVID-19 OUTBREAK IN A HIGH INCIDENCE AREA - EXPERIENCE FROM A HIGH-VOLUME CENTRE


id: cord-297768-tjqpiyp1
author: Day, Alice S.
date: 2020-07-20
txt: ./txt/cord-297768-tjqpiyp1.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-297768-tjqpiyp1.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2212267220309667
doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.07.019
summary:
  Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has resulted in considerable morbidity and mortality along with major disruption to global financial markets and social function with mandated social isolation precautions in many countries. 6, 7 It must 55 be acknowledged that it is unlikely any high quality evidence will allow timely production of 56 guidelines specific for IBD patients during the COVID-19 pandemic, so observational data 57 and anecdotal lessons learned from the first countries affected by the novel coronavirus are 58 providing direction for the rest of the world. 2 59 60 Despite reassuring registry data and published guidelines, many patients with IBD and their 61 treating clinicians alike may be reticent to persist with immunosuppressive therapy in the 62 setting of the COVID-19 pandemic. 8 Moreover, EEN has been shown to delay or avoid IBD surgery, 70 which is critical at a time when hospitalization increases risk of COVID-19 exposure as well 71 as in the setting of stretched health care resources.

title:
  Practical guidance for dietary management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease during the SARS-CoV2 pandemic

abstract:
  Abstract The recent outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) pandemic has affected almost every nation worldwide. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has resulted in considerable morbidity and mortality along with major disruption to global financial markets and social function with mandated social isolation precautions in many countries. Severe COVID-19 have been reported in older people and those with medical comorbidities, raising concern for those with pre-existing gastrointestinal illness.


id: cord-300963-1n1f8mf2
author: Gajendran, Mahesh
date: 2020-10-12
txt: ./txt/cord-300963-1n1f8mf2.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-300963-1n1f8mf2.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.20524/aog.2020.0547
doi: 10.20524/aog.2020.0547
summary:
  Previous studies based on SARS-CoV-1 showed that the "cytokine storm" was strongly associated with viral sepsis, inflammation-induced lung injury, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [32, 34] . With regard to IBD-specific risk factors, it is speculated that patients on immunosuppressive agents, those with active IBD symptoms, malnutrition, and frequent visits to clinics or hospitals are at greater risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection [50] . The International Organization for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IOIBD) maintains a registry for reporting COVID-19 in IBD patients called SECURE-IBD registry. Hence, all the societies have recommended that patients continue their IBD medications to sustain remission, because the risk of disease flare-up outweighs the chance of contracting SARS-CoV-2 infection. The management strategy will depend on multiple factors, such as the patient''s age, the severity of the COVID-19 infection, the clinical status of the IBD, and the presence of other comorbid conditions.

title:
  Inflammatory bowel disease amid the COVID-19 pandemic: impact, management strategies, and lessons learned

abstract:
  The current outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has affected nearly 188 countries. Patients with severe COVID-19 are more commonly elderly and suffer from comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, chronic pulmonary disease, obesity, and cancer. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects as many as 6.8 million people globally, and a significant proportion of them are treated with immunosuppressants. Hence, there is an ongoing concern over the impact of COVID-19 on IBD patients and their susceptibility to it. So far, there are about 1439 IBD patients in the Surveillance Epidemiology of Coronavirus under Research Exclusion (SECURE-IBD) registry reported to be infected with SARS-CoV-2. There are many unique challenges and dilemmas that need to be taken into account when managing an IBD patient with COVID-19. The management of each patient should be individualized. The IBD societies and experts have strongly recommended that patients should not discontinue their IBD medications. If the patients have symptoms of COVID-19 or IBD flare-up, they are recommended to call their IBD physician first to discuss their medication. In addition, IBD patients are urged to practice social distancing strictly to minimize the chances of infection. As COVID-19 is rapidly evolving, our experience and understanding of its impact on the IBD population may potentially change in the near future.


id: cord-302717-hn3airxq
author: Bayoumy, Ahmed B.
date: 2020-09-11
txt: ./txt/cord-302717-hn3airxq.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-302717-hn3airxq.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-020-01441-6
doi: 10.1186/s12876-020-01441-6
summary:
  title: Efficacy, safety and drug survival of thioguanine as maintenance treatment for inflammatory bowel disease: a retrospective multi-centre study in the United Kingdom BACKGROUND: Thioguanine (TG) is a thiopurine which has been used for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), who have failed azathioprine (AZA) or mercaptopurine (MP) due to adverse events or suboptimal response. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term efficacy and safety of low-dose TG therapy in IBD patients failing AZA and MP. METHODS: A retrospective multicentre study was performed in IBD patients who failed prior treatment with conventional thiopurines with or without following immunomodulation (thiopurine-allopurinol, biologicals, methotrexate, tacrolimus) and were subsequently treated with TG as rescue monotherapy between 2003 and 2019 at three hospitals in the United Kingdom. They reported results of 11 studies, comprising of 353 patients who were treated with a median TG starting dose of 20 mg/day after failing prior conventional thiopurine therapy.

title:
  Efficacy, safety and drug survival of thioguanine as maintenance treatment for inflammatory bowel disease: a retrospective multi-centre study in the United Kingdom

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Thioguanine (TG) is a thiopurine which has been used for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), who have failed azathioprine (AZA) or mercaptopurine (MP) due to adverse events or suboptimal response. Its widespread use has been hampered due to concerns about nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH) of the liver. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term efficacy and safety of low-dose TG therapy in IBD patients failing AZA and MP. METHODS: A retrospective multicentre study was performed in IBD patients who failed prior treatment with conventional thiopurines with or without following immunomodulation (thiopurine-allopurinol, biologicals, methotrexate, tacrolimus) and were subsequently treated with TG as rescue monotherapy between 2003 and 2019 at three hospitals in the United Kingdom. Clinical response, adverse events, laboratory results, imaging and liver biopsies were retrospectively collected. RESULTS: A total of 193 patients (57% female and 64% Crohn’s disease) were included, with a median daily TG dose of 20 mg (range: 20–40 mg), a median treatment duration of 23 months (IQR 10–47) and a median follow-up of 36 months (IQR 22–53). The clinical response rate at 12 months was 65 and 54% remained on TG until the end of follow-up. Adverse events consisted primarily of elevated liver tests (6%), myelotoxicity (7%) and rash (5%). NRH was histologically diagnosed in two patients and two other patients (1%) developed non-cirrhotic portal hypertension. The median 6-TGN and TPMT levels were 953 pmol/8 × 10(5) RBC (IQR 145–1761) and 47 mu/L (IQR 34.5–96). CONCLUSIONS: Long-term follow-up suggests that TG can be an effective and well-tolerated therapy in more than half of difficult-to-treat and multi-therapy failing IBD patients. Findings of this study indicate that TG can be used safely and the occurrence of hepatotoxicity was low. The incidence rate of NRH was within the background incidence.


id: cord-303942-77nbi3ws
title: Prevention of COVID-19 in patients with IBD
author: Segal, Jonathan P
date: 2020-05-20
txt: ./txt/cord-303942-77nbi3ws.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-303942-77nbi3ws.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2468125320301539
doi: 10.1016/s2468-1253(20)30153-9
abstract: nan
summary:
  We read with interest the Correspondence from Ping An and colleagues 1 describing their efforts to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Wuhan, China. Indeed, the National Health Service, in conjunction with the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG), relied on individual health-care trusts to highlight patients at high risk with IBD so advice could be delivered by post regarding shielding and stringent physical distancing. BSG guidance suggests that patients should continue on their current medications, including infliximab, as active disease remains the biggest risk to a patient with IBD. As further evidence accumulates, our understanding of COVID-19-related risks in IBD populations globally will improve. Prevention of COVID-19 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in Wuhan, China BSG COVID-19 Guidance on IBD patient risk groups British Society of Gastroenterology guidance for management of inflammatory bowel disease during the COVID-19 pandemic


id: cord-306325-9alfvda1
title: Letter: does the IFNL4 gene discovery really provide a causal role for the IL28B haplotype blocks?
author: Galmozzi, E.
date: 2014-02-04
txt: ./txt/cord-306325-9alfvda1.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-306325-9alfvda1.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24494849/
doi: 10.1111/apt.12615
abstract: nan
summary:
  1 The authors have evaluated and discussed current evidence regarding the roles of vitamin D deficiency in the pathogenesis and progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). [4] [5] [6] It is therefore interesting that vitamin D deficiency has been shown to play a role in both psychological 7 and sleep disorders 8 in non-IBD populations, although the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. There is no study till now evaluating the effects of vitamin D deficiency on psychological health or sleep quality in IBD patients. Although several factors can affect psycho-logical health and sleep quality in IBD patients including demographic-and disease-related factors, 2, 4 a role for vitamin D deficiency is also plausible. 1, 2 We agree that our study does not provide insights on the causal relationship between IFNL4 and treatment response in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.


id: cord-306760-05my504t
author: Turner, Dan
date: 2020-03-31
txt: ./txt/cord-306760-05my504t.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-306760-05my504t.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1097/mpg.0000000000002729
doi: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002729
summary:
  METHODS: An electronic reporting system of children with IBD infected with SARS-CoV-2 has been circulated among 102 PIBD centres affiliated with the Porto and Interest-group of ESPGHAN. Standard IBD treatments including biologics should continue at present through the pandemic, especially in children who generally have more severe IBD course on one hand, and milder SARS-CoV-2 infection on the other. In light of the hyperinflammatory immune response seen in patients with COVID-19 it is highly relevant that blockade of IL-6R with tocilizumab resulted in clinical improvement associated with normalisation of fever, lymphocyte counts, and CRP in a retrospective group of 21 adults with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection (20) . Therefore, uninfected children should generally continue their medical treatment, including immunomodulators and biologic therapies, as the risk of a disease flare outweighs any estimated risk of SARS-CoV2 infection.

title:
  Corona Virus Disease 2019 and Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Global Experience and Provisional Guidance (March 2020) from the Paediatric IBD Porto Group of European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition

abstract:
  INTRODUCTION: With the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, concerns have been raised about the risk to children with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). We aimed to collate global experience and provide provisional guidance for managing paediatric IBD (PIBD) in the era of COVID-19. METHODS: An electronic reporting system of children with IBD infected with SARS-CoV-2 has been circulated among 102 PIBD centres affiliated with the Porto and Interest-group of ESPGHAN. A survey has been completed by major PIBD centres in China and South-Korea to explore management during the pandemic. A third survey collected current practice of PIBD treatment. Finally, guidance points for practice have been formulated and voted upon by 37 PIBD authors and Porto group members. RESULTS: Eight PIBD children had COVID-19 globally, all with mild infection without needing hospitalization despite treatment with immunomodulators and/or biologics. No cases have been reported in China and South Korea but biologic treatment has been delayed in 79 children, of whom 17 (22%) had exacerbation of their IBD. Among the Porto group members, face-to-face appointments were often replaced by remote consultations but almost all did not change current IBD treatment. Ten guidance points for clinicians caring for PIBD patients in epidemic areas have been endorsed with consensus rate of 92% to 100%. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary data for PIBD patients during COVID-19 outbreak are reassuring. Standard IBD treatments including biologics should continue at present through the pandemic, especially in children who generally have more severe IBD course on one hand, and milder SARS-CoV-2 infection on the other. SUPPLEMENTAL DIGITAL CONTENT: An infographic accompanying this article can be found at.


id: cord-306859-aqfgl9cm
author: Clough, Jennie N
date: 2020-06-27
txt: ./txt/cord-306859-aqfgl9cm.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-306859-aqfgl9cm.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32592475/
doi: 10.1093/ibd/izaa171
abstract: nan
summary:
  title: Managing an IBD Infusion Unit During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Service Modifications and the Patient Perspective The COVID-19 pandemic has posed significant challenges to the provision of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) unit infusion services in terms of the redeployment of specialist staff and reduced capacity because of social distancing. Given the recommendation for patients to remain on their usual biologic medication wherever possible, 1 we modified our service to ensure that our patients were adequately protected on the unit and surveyed attenders regarding their views and concerns. Patients were telephoned 24 hours before their infusion to screen for COVID-19 symptoms and were advised to attend the unit unaccompanied. In addition, 25.2% of patients felt "very" or "somewhat uncomfortable" at the prospect of attending hospital for their usual infusion, but 80.2% felt on attending that the measures taken to reduce the risk of contact with COVID-19 were "completely adequate."

title:
  Managing an IBD Infusion Unit During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Service Modifications and the Patient Perspective


id: cord-307201-keec6fzo
title: Should IBD Patients Be Tested for Active COVID-19 Prior Starting a Biological Treatment?
author: Barberio, Brigida
date: 2020-08-30
txt: ./txt/cord-307201-keec6fzo.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-307201-keec6fzo.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2020.08.049
doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.08.049
abstract: nan
summary:
  title: Should IBD Patients Be Tested for Active COVID-19 Prior Starting a Biological Treatment? aimed to provide recommendations regarding the management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the era of COVID-19 pandemic. The AGA suggests that IBD patients should not stop their current treatments in order to prevent infection or adverse outcome with COVID-19. However, there was no specific international guidance with respect to COVID-19 testing in patients starting immunosuppressive treatment, particularly if they are asymptomatic, and the article by Rubin et al did not cover this topic either. 6 Overall, we believe that screening for active COVID-19 infection should be performed in order to avoid potential complications and to adjust therapy accordingly prior starting biological treatment. Viral screening before initiation of biologics in patients with inflammatory bowel disease during the COVID-19 outbreak Are patients with inflammatory bowel disease at increased risk for COVID-19 infection ?


id: cord-307769-rjseio5s
title: Expression profile of genes involved in pathogenesis of pediatric Crohn''s disease
author: Sim, Winnie H
date: 2012-05-24
txt: ./txt/cord-307769-rjseio5s.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-307769-rjseio5s.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22098497/
doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2011.06973.x
summary:
  Methods: We used suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH) and differential screening analysis to profile the mRNA expression patterns of children with CD and age‐ and sex‐matched controls without inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The real-time RT-PCR results validated that genes represented by > 10 clones enriched by subtractive hybridization were expressed in higher abundance in CD as compared with non-IBD ileal biopsies. To contextualize our SSH findings, we compared our results with the data tables from seven microarray studies published previously, that had reported differential expression of genes between inflamed biopsies of CD and non-inflamed biopsies of non-IBD controls. The antigen presentation, inflammatory response and cancer gene network (Network 1) comprise one-third Figure 1 The relative expression levels of REG1A, MMP2 and ANPEP in ileal biopsies from 13 Crohn''s disease (CD) and nine non-inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Primers used for real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction quantification of ANPEP, REG1A, MMP2 and RPL32 Table S2 Differentially expressed genes specific to Crohn''s Disease (CD) ileum.

abstract:
  Background and Aim: Expression profiling of genes specific to pediatric Crohn's Disease (CD) patients was performed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying disease cause and pathogenesis at disease onset. Methods: We used suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH) and differential screening analysis to profile the mRNA expression patterns of children with CD and age‐ and sex‐matched controls without inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Results: Sequence analysis of 1000 clones enriched by SSH identified 75 functionally annotated human genes, represented by 430 clones. The 75 genes have potential involvement in gene networks, such as antigen presentation, inflammation, infection mechanism, connective tissue development, cell cycle and cancer. Twenty‐eight genes were previously described in association with CD, while 47 were new genes not previously reported in the context of IBD. Additionally, 29 of the 75 genes have been previously implicated in bacterial and viral infections. Quantitative real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction performed on ileal‐derived RNA from 13 CD and nine non‐IBD patients confirmed the upregulation of extracellular matrix gene MMP2 (P = 0.001), and cell proliferation gene REG1A (P = 0.063) in our pediatric CD cohort. Conclusion: The retrieval of 28 genes previously reported in association with adult CD emphasizes the importance of these genes in the pediatric setting. The observed upregulation of REG1A and MMP2, and their known impact on cell proliferation and extracellular matrix remodeling, agrees with the clinical behavior of the disease. Moreover, the expressions of bacterial‐ and virus‐related genes in our CD‐patient tissues support the concept that microbial agents are important in the etiopathogenesis of CD.


id: cord-310042-9z8rkzq8
author: Aysha, Al‐Ani
date: 2020-07-12
txt: ./txt/cord-310042-9z8rkzq8.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-310042-9z8rkzq8.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1111/imj.14889
doi: 10.1111/imj.14889
summary:
  This review aims to summarise the current literature and provide guidance on the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic in the Australasian setting. A significant proportion of IBD patients are treated with long-term immunomodulator/immunosuppressive therapy which potentially places them at increased risk of infections and associated complications. Practitioners and patients alike are therefore concerned about the risk and implications of COVID-19 infection in the IBD patient, despite a paucity of evidence supporting an altered predisposition to disease or more severe disease course. Despite concerns regarding immunosuppression and consequent predisposition to infection, there is no evidence to suggest increased infection rates of COVID-19 in IBD patients to date. 8, 9 Hence, expert consensus currently is that patients with IBD do not appear to be at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with the general population. 2 • Reducing disease activitythere is evidence that moderate to severe disease activity increases the risk of infection in IBD patients.

title:
  Practical management of inflammatory bowel disease patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic: expert commentary from the Gastroenterological Society of Australia Inflammatory Bowel Disease faculty

abstract:
  The COVID‐19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2, has emerged as a public health emergency and challenged healthcare systems globally. In a minority of patients, SARS‐CoV‐2 manifests with a severe acute respiratory illness and currently there are insufficient data regarding the virulence of COVID‐19 in inflammatory bowel disease patients taking immunosuppressive therapy. This review aims to summarise the current literature and provide guidance on the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic in the Australasian setting.


id: cord-311162-kbqh7beq
author: Behzad, Catherine
date: 2020-09-09
txt: ./txt/cord-311162-kbqh7beq.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-311162-kbqh7beq.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izaa246
doi: 10.1093/ibd/izaa246
abstract: nan
summary:
  title: Establishing Safe Out-of-Hospital Infusion Centers May Improve the Quality of Care in Patients With IBD During the COVID-19 Pandemic We read with great interest the article by Occhipinti and Pastorelli 1 about the challenges in the care of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, 2 medical wards were maintained COVID-19-free to provide care for patients with urgent situations and essential services. In addition, we gave special consideration to patients with IBD who were on immunosuppressive therapy and decided to continue biologic infusions in the hospital''s COVID-19-free wards. In our experience, 92% of the patients whose scheduled biologic infusion dates were during the peak of the outbreak in early February through March refused to come to the hospital to receive their infusions. Challenges in the care of IBD patients during the CoViD-19 pandemic: report from a "Red Zone" area in Northern Italy

title:
  Establishing Safe Out-of-Hospital Infusion Centers May Improve the Quality of Care in Patients With IBD During the COVID-19 Pandemic


id: cord-311804-39mu0tdr
author: Zingone, Fabiana
date: 2020-04-10
txt: ./txt/cord-311804-39mu0tdr.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-311804-39mu0tdr.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1590865820301389?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2020.04.004
summary:
  title: Screening for Active COVID-19 Infection and Immunization Status Prior to Biologic Therapy in IBD Patients at the Time of the Pandemic Outbreak When clinical conditions and the disease activity do not allow a treatment delay, before starting a biological therapy, screening of IBD patients for COVID-19 active infection by RT-PCR should be advisable, even in absence of clinical suspicion. When clinical conditions and the disease activity do not allow a treatment delay, before starting a biological therapy, screening of IBD patients for COVID-19 active infection by RT-PCR should be advisable, even in absence of clinical suspicion. Accumulating evidence shows that patients with COVID-19 infection may also experience gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhea, nausea, vomiting and abdominal discomfort prior to the common respiratory symptoms Current recommendation suggests postponing the start of treatment with immunosuppressive drugs and biologics, whenever possible, based on an individual risk assessment during the COVID19 pandemic (5-7).

title:
  Screening for Active COVID-19 Infection and Immunization Status Prior to Biologic Therapy in IBD Patients at the Time of the Pandemic Outbreak

abstract:
  Coronavirus disease 2019 has been recently classified as pandemic infection by the World Health Organization. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are invited to follow the national recommendations as any other person. It is unclear whether a more aggressive clinical course might develop in asymptomatic COVID-19 infected subjects during biological therapy and current evidence does not support treatment suspension. However, during pandemic, the start of treatment with immunosuppressive drugs and biologics should be postponed whenever possible and based on an individual risk assessment. When clinical conditions and the disease activity do not allow a treatment delay, before starting a biological therapy, screening of IBD patients for COVID-19 active infection by RT-PCR should be advisable, even in absence of clinical suspicion. Serum antibody testing, when available, could provide evidence of infection as well as identify patients already immune to the disease.


id: cord-312374-gu9tq48n
author: Martin Arranz, Eduardo
date: 2020-06-04
txt: ./txt/cord-312374-gu9tq48n.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-312374-gu9tq48n.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izaa142
doi: 10.1093/ibd/izaa142
summary:
  The survey included items in 5 sections asking about the structure of IBD units, structural changes adopted because of the current pandemic, recommendations regarding immunosuppressive and biologic treatments during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, adopted measures regarding suspected COVID-19 in patients with IBD, and management of patients with IBD with confirmed COVID-19. During the COVID-19 crisis, 100% of hospitals surveyed have cancelled elective onsite consultation and changed to phone assistance, 40% have also attended patients via e-mail, and 13% have used social media to inform patients about the latest updates regarding IBD and SARS-CoV-2. The COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected Spain, with 205,905 cases confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and 22,902 deaths registered up to April 24, 2020, and has forced all hospitals to change their clinical practice, suspending all ambulatory procedures to minimize the risk of infection and relocating doctors and nurses to attend COVID-19 patients.

title:
  Management of COVID-19 Pandemic in Spanish Inflammatory Bowel Disease Units: Results From a National Survey

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: The outbreak of COVID-19 has rapidly evolved into a pandemic that has represented a challenge to health systems worldwide. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) units have been forced to change their practices to address the disease and to ensure the quality of care. METHODS: We conducted a national survey among IBD gastroenterologist members of the Spanish Working Group on Crohn’s Disease and Colitis regarding changes of practice, IBD treatments, and diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19. RESULTS: We received 54 answers from Spanish hospitals. One hundred percent of the IBD units rescheduled onsite visits to telematic consultation, and elective endoscopic and surgical procedures were delayed. Protective measures were also taken in the infusion units (100% of health centers) and hospital pharmacies, with 40.7% sending subcutaneous medications to patients. No switching between intravenous and subcutaneous anti-tumor necrosis factor drugs were made. We also found that 96.1% of IBD units advised their patients to maintain treatment if they were asymptomatic for COVID-19. For patients with COVID-19 symptoms, 92.6% of IBD units referred them to primary care or the emergency department. In addition, 7.5% of IBD units made a COVID-19 diagnosis through polymerase chain reaction and/or chest x-ray. Modifications in IBD treatment and treatment recommended for COVID-19 are also discussed. CONCLUSIONS: We report a representative national survey of changes made in the structure, diagnosis of COVID-19, and modifications in IBD treatments within IBD units.


id: cord-312663-hhd5f823
title: Inflammatory Bowel Disease Care in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era: The Humanitas, Milan, Experience
author: Fiorino, Gionata
date: 2020-03-24
txt: ./txt/cord-312663-hhd5f823.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-312663-hhd5f823.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32211765/
doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa058
summary:
  The outbreak of the COVID-19 caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV2, is rapidly spreading worldwide. IBD patients are severely worried about the impact of their disease and medications on the risk and the prognosis of COVID-19, and many of them are forced to come to hospital because of active disease, complications and drug administration. Patients scheduled for a follow-up visit are required to stay at home and to complete a questionnaire about IBD symptoms and quality of life, together with their routine laboratory tests, to the nurse and the dedicated doctor, who give recommendations and information about therapy and follow-up procedures. Based on the assumption that the risk of coronavirus infection is not different between the general population and IBD patients, but that IBD flares are difficult to manage in this situation, we advise all patients to continue their therapies, especially if in remission.

abstract:
  The outbreak of the COVID-19 caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV2, is rapidly spreading worldwide. This is the first pandemic caused by a coronavirus in history. More than 150 000 confirmed cases worldwide are reported involving the SARS-CoV2, with more than 5000 COVID-19-related deaths on March 14, 2020. Fever, chills, cough, shortness of breath, generalised myalgia, malaise, drowsiness, diarrhoea, confusion, dyspnoea, and bilateral interstitial pneumonia are the common symptoms. No therapies are available, and the only way to contain the virus spread is to regularly and thoroughly clean one’s hands with an alcohol-based hand rub or wash them with soap and water, to maintain at least 1 m [3 feet] distance from anyone who is coughing or sneezing, to avoid touching eyes, nose, and mouth, and to stay home if one feels unwell. No data are available on the risk of COVID-19 and outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] patients. Outbreak restrictions can impact on the IBD care. We aim to give a viewpoint on how operationally to manage IBD patients and ensure quality of care in the current pandemic era.


id: cord-316354-pix0hmpj
author: Kennedy, Nicholas A
date: 2020-06-15
txt: ./txt/cord-316354-pix0hmpj.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-316354-pix0hmpj.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32874484/
doi: 10.1136/flgastro-2020-101520
summary:
  ► Essential services for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients including outpatient care, advice lines, endoscopy and infusion units may be affected. The number of whole-time equivalent gastroenterologists and IBD nurses providing elective outpatient care decreased significantly between baseline (median 4, IQR 4-7.5 and median 3, IQR 2-4) to the point of survey (median 2, IQR 1-4.8 and median 2, IQR 1-3) in the 6-week period following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic (p<0.001 for both comparisons). The number of whole-time equivalent gastroenterologists and IBD nurses providing elective outpatient care decreased significantly between baseline (median 4, IQR 4-7.5 and median 3, IQR 2-4) to the point of survey (median 2, IQR 1-4.8 and median 2, IQR 1-3) in the 6-week period following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic (p<0.001 for both comparisons).

title:
  Organisational changes and challenges for inflammatory bowel disease services in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic

abstract:
  OBJECTIVE: To determine the challenges in diagnosis, monitoring, support provision in the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients and explore the adaptations of IBD services. METHODS: Internet-based survey by invitation of IBD services across the UK from 8 to 14 April 2020. RESULTS: Respondents from 125 IBD services completed the survey. The number of whole-time equivalent gastroenterologists and IBD nurses providing elective outpatient care decreased significantly between baseline (median 4, IQR 4–7.5 and median 3, IQR 2–4) to the point of survey (median 2, IQR 1–4.8 and median 2, IQR 1–3) in the 6-week period following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic (p<0.001 for both comparisons). Almost all (94%; 112/119) services reported an increase in IBD helpline activity. Face-to-face clinics were substituted for telephone consultation by 86% and video consultation by 11% of services. A variation in the provision of laboratory faecal calprotectin testing was noted with 27% of services reporting no access to faecal calprotectin, and a further 32% reduced access. There was also significant curtailment of IBD-specific endoscopy and elective surgery. CONCLUSIONS: IBD services in the UK have implemented several adaptive strategies in order to continue to provide safe and high-quality care for patients. National Health Service organisations will need to consider the impact of these changes in current service delivery models and staffing levels when planning exit strategies for post-pandemic IBD care. Careful planning to manage the increased workload and to maintain IBD services is essential to ensure patient safety.


id: cord-317151-cxx5pcln
author: Papa, Alfredo
date: 2020-10-24
txt: ./txt/cord-317151-cxx5pcln.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-317151-cxx5pcln.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1177/1756284820968747
doi: 10.1177/1756284820968747
summary:
  14 Since the beginning of the pandemic, the World Health Organization has provided general recommendations for the prevention of They include: to wash hands frequently and properly with soap or alcohol-based sanitizer, to maintain social distancing (at least 1 m of distance), to avoid touching eyes, nose and mouth, to cover mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, to seek medical care early when fever, cough or difficulty in breathing are recorded, to wear personal protective equipment (PPE), in particular the facial mask when social distancing is not possible to maintain or in closed places, to stay informed and follow any advice provided by own healthcare providers. This may require further changes in the planning of healthcare activities, both by using different prioritization criteria for outpatient visits, diagnostic tests and surgical interventions and by continuing to use treatment strategies that have worked well during the pandemic such as telemedicine, psychological support to patients and the educational function of patient associations (Table 1) .

title:
  Covid-19 and the management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a practical decalogue for the post-pandemic phase

abstract:
  The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has raised several concerns for patients with chronic immune-mediated diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). As the outbreak appears to be in the descending phase, at least in some part of the world, as in most European countries, guidance is urgently needed to provide optimal care for our IBD patients in order to gradually and safely reduce the gap in care that has been accumulated in the months of lockdown and to face all the backlogs. Therefore, we have provided a decalogue of practical recommendations for gastroenterologists to manage patients with IBD in the post-peak phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. They include all the aspects of IBD care, not only pharmacological ones but also endoscopy, surgery, psychological treatment, telemedicine, diagnostics and educational tasks provided by doctors and patient associations.


id: cord-322957-clf8f90t
author: Crespo, Javier
date: 2020-04-28
txt: ./txt/cord-322957-clf8f90t.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-322957-clf8f90t.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2444382420300717
doi: 10.1016/j.gastre.2020.04.001
summary:
  The general objectives of these recommendations include: • To protect our patients against the risks of infection with SARS-CoV-2 and to provide them with high-quality care. These recommendations are based on the sparse, changing evidence available, and will be updated in the future according to daily needs and the availability of expendable materials to suit them; in each department they will be implemented depending upon the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in each region, and the burden the pandemic has represented for each hospital. These recommendations are based on the sparse, changing evidence available, and will be updated in the future according to daily needs and the availability of expendable materials to suit them; in each department they will be implemented depending upon the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in each region, and the burden the pandemic has represented for each hospital.

title:
  Resumption of activity in gastroenterology departments. Recommendations by SEPD, AEEH, GETECCU and AEG

abstract:
  Abstract The set of measures proposed by SEPD, AEEH, GETECCU and AEG are aimed to help departments in their resumption of usual activity. We have prepared a number of practical recommendations regarding patient management and the stepwise resumption of healthcare activity. These recommendations are based on the sparse, changing evidence available, and will be updated in the future according to daily needs and the availability of expendable materials to suit them; in each department they will be implemented depending upon the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in each region, and the burden the pandemic has represented for each hospital. The general objectives of these recommendations include: • To protect our patients against the risks of infection with SARS-CoV-2 and to provide them with high-quality care. • To protect all healthcare professionals against the risks of infection with SARS-CoV-2. • To resume normal functioning of our departments in a setting of ongoing risk for infection with SARS-CoV-2.


id: cord-323553-bukm9m9q
author: Song, Woo-Jin
date: 2019-08-31
txt: ./txt/cord-323553-bukm9m9q.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-323553-bukm9m9q.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.06.012
doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.06.012
summary:
  title: Canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells pre-treated with TNF-alpha enhance immunomodulatory effects in inflammatory bowel disease in mice Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which release immunomodulatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced gene/protein 6 (TSG-6) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), have been suggested as an alternative therapeutic option for IBD treatment in veterinary medicine. (C) Canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cAT-MSCs) stimulated with TNF-α released higher concentrations of immunomodulatory factors such as TSG-6 and PGE2 compared to levels released by naive cAT-MSCs. Results are shown as the mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments. Canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cAT-MSCs) stimulated with TNF-α showed enhanced therapeutic effects on mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. Canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cAT-MSCs) stimulated with TNF-α showed enhanced therapeutic effects on mice with dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS)-induced colitis.

title:
  Canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells pre-treated with TNF-alpha enhance immunomodulatory effects in inflammatory bowel disease in mice

abstract:
  Abstract Canine inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an intractable autoimmune disorder that results in various gastrointestinal and systemic symptoms. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which release immunomodulatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced gene/protein 6 (TSG-6) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), have been suggested as an alternative therapeutic option for IBD treatment in veterinary medicine. Furthermore, although it is known that MSCs pre-treated with pro-inflammatory cytokines show enhanced anti-inflammatory properties via the secretion of soluble factors, the underlying mechanisms of IBD remain unclear. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the therapeutic effects and corresponding mechanisms of canine adipose tissue-derived (cAT)-MSCs stimulated with TNF-α in mouse models of IBD. Mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)- or dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS)-induced colitis were injected intraperitoneally with cAT-MSCs pre-treated with TNF-α. Colitis severity was assessed and colon tissues were collected for histopathological, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and flow cytometry analysis. cAT-MSCs stimulated with TNF-α secreted higher concentrations of immunomodulatory factors such as TSG-6 and PGE2, which play a key role in inducing phenotypic alterations in macrophages. Consequently, TNF-α-pre-treated cAT-MSCs further regulated colonic inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-10, and ameliorated DSS- or DNBS-induced colitis in mice. Additionally, we demonstrated that M1 macrophages (F4/80+/iNOS+ cells) were decreased in colon tissues from mice treated with TNF-α-pre-treated cAT-MSCs, whereas M2 macrophages (F4/80+/CD206+ cells) were increased. These results may suggest a new cell-based therapeutic option for treating IBD.


id: cord-331703-4hwmajt3
title: Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on the management of patients with severe IBD: a domino effect
author: Occhipinti, Vincenzo
date: 2020-05-12
txt: ./txt/cord-331703-4hwmajt3.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-331703-4hwmajt3.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001650852030620X?v=s5
doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.027
abstract: nan
summary:
  The International Organization for the study of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IOIBD) recently published on Gastroenterology a consensus 1 about the management of IBD patients during the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, addressing several topics of interest such as the risk of infection in IBD patients, how to manage therapies and how to safely provide continuity of biological therapy. Thus, we decided to transfer the patient to a COVID-free hospital with IBD-specialized gastroenterologists and surgeons (Rho Hospital, in the Northern area of Milan) for further management. This case clearly highlights some unanticipated difficulties in providing adequate care to patients with severe IBD in a high-prevalence area of COVID-19. Management of Patients with Crohn''s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of an International Meeting Challenges in the Care of IBD Patients During the CoViD-19 Pandemic: Report From a "Red Zone" Area in Northern Italy


id: cord-337204-14gxpeaf
author: Piciucchi, Matteo
date: 2020-05-25
txt: ./txt/cord-337204-14gxpeaf.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-337204-14gxpeaf.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.20524/aog.2020.0498
doi: 10.20524/aog.2020.0498
summary:
  Since the discovery of SARS-CoV-2 at the end of 2019, several studies of the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical findings, therapy and virological features of this infection have become available and are totally free to clinicians via a PubMed search [1, 2] . In particular, several risk factors that are involved in acquiring the infection and that affect the clinical course and severity of COVID-19related diseases have been identified (Figure 1 ), but conclusive data are still lacking [2, 4] . As far as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is concerned, there are no data to suggest a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection or a higher severity of related diseases in these patients, compared to the general population. More specifically, prospective studies to analyze the risk of the infection and its possible course in patients with IBD, pancreatitis and liver diseases are needed in order to improve care for these patients.

title:
  Preliminary considerations regarding the risk of COVID-19 and disease severity in chronic gastrointestinal conditions

abstract:
  The novel RNA betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is driving great efforts in clinical and basic research and several studies of the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical and virological features of this infection are already available. However COVID-19 is a totally new pathological entity, and many gray areas regarding associated diseases still need to be elucidated, especially in the group of patients who suffer from preexistent gastrointestinal disease. The aim of this review is to summarize the published data on the correlation between chronic gastrointestinal disorders and COVID-19.


id: cord-337896-mct29erg
author: Kornbluth, Asher
date: 2020-09-03
txt: ./txt/cord-337896-mct29erg.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-337896-mct29erg.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izaa212
doi: 10.1093/ibd/izaa212
abstract: nan
summary:
  A number of the major GI societies, the Crohn''s & Colitis Foundation, 3 British Society of Gastroenterology, 4 European Crohn''s and Colitis Organization, 5 The American Gastroenterology Association, 6 and the International Organization for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IOIBD) 7 have published guidelines regarding treating the IBD patient with SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. 8 The key features are that the patient without proven or suspected SARS-CoV-2 should continue on their current medications with aggressive attempts to reduce steroid usage because this is the only single agent that has been associated with increased poor outcomes with COVID-19, defined in the SECURE registry as a composite score of hospitalization, intubation, or death. 14 We are now participating in the development of a database that will follow patients after clearance of the SARS-CoV-2 virus to determine the courses and outcomes of the IBD and of any sequelae or recurrence of COVID-19 after any drug therapy has been suspended.

title:
  Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and COVID-19 in New York City 2020: The Epicenter of IBD in the First Epicenter of the Global Pandemic


id: cord-343832-xg3swuzs
author: Pugliese, Daniela
date: 2020-06-18
txt: ./txt/cord-343832-xg3swuzs.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-343832-xg3swuzs.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2020.05.053
doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2020.05.053
abstract: nan
summary:
  authors: Pugliese, Daniela; Papi, Claudio; Privitera, Giuseppe; Aratari, Annalisa; Festa, Stefano; Armuzzi, Alessandro Accordingly, Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Units throughout the country had to re-organize their own agenda, limiting the accesses to 3 categories of outpatients: 1) patients undergoing biological therapies, for whom the risk of disease relapse is considered more worrying than the risk of COVID-19 infection; 2) patients enrolled in clinical trials in order to guarantee the prosecution of therapies and 3) patients complaining of acute symptoms, not manageable with telemedicine. 1-2 Examples of "non deferrable" visits are for patients complaining of moderate-to-severe IBD symptoms, new onset/relapse of extra-intestinal manifestations, active perianal disease or sub-acute obstruction symptoms requiring surgery. 4 Accordingly, highly suspect CD patients should be promptly investigated in order to start early and effective treatment strategies, aimed to impact the long-term clinical course and to reduce the risk of complications.

title:
  The management of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases in the era of COVID-19 pandemic: when “non-urgent” does not mean “deferrable”


id: cord-345786-1o9nx7z9
author: Bernstein, Charles N
date: 2020-08-14
txt: ./txt/cord-345786-1o9nx7z9.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-345786-1o9nx7z9.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izaa202
doi: 10.1093/ibd/izaa202
summary:
  METHODS: Members of the World Gastroenterology Organization (WGO) IBD Task Force contacted colleagues in countries largely beyond North America and Europe, inviting them to review the WGO website for IBD and COVID-19 introduction, with links to guideline documents, and then to respond to 9 ancillary open-ended management questions. [1] [2] [3] The management of IBD may differ by geography with economically more advanced countries having greater access to health care resources such as endoscopy and expensive therapies like biologics. 8 Recommendations include continuing all immunomodulatory medications in patients with IBD, reducing steroid doses as much as possible, limiting elective endoscopies, and encouraging telemedicine in place of in-person clinic visits. Respondents from 8 countries, both low and high resource regions, reported that they routinely tested persons with IBD with new gastrointestinal symptoms. However, even with reports from 1 or 2 clinicians from each country, it allows insight into the uniformity or key differences in the practice of IBD around the world during the COVID-19 pandemic.

title:
  Worldwide Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An International Survey

abstract:
  BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Persons with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may be particularly vulnerable to COVID-19 either because of their underlying disease or its management. Guidance has been presented on the management of persons with IBD in the time of this pandemic by different groups. We aimed to determine how gastroenterologists around the world were approaching the management of IBD. METHODS: Members of the World Gastroenterology Organization (WGO) IBD Task Force contacted colleagues in countries largely beyond North America and Europe, inviting them to review the WGO website for IBD and COVID-19 introduction, with links to guideline documents, and then to respond to 9 ancillary open-ended management questions. RESULTS: Fifty-two gastroenterologists from 33 countries across 6 continents completed the survey (April 14 to May 16, 2020). They were all adhering for the most part to published guidelines on IBD management in the COVID-19 era. Some differences and reductions in services related to access, and some related to approach within their communities in terms of limiting virus spread. In particular, most gastroenterologists reduced in-person clinics (43 of 52), limited steroid use (47 of 51), limited elective endoscopy (45 of 52), and limited elective surgeries (48 of 51). If a patient was diagnosed with COVID-19, immunomodulatory therapy was mostly held. CONCLUSIONS: In most countries, the COVID-19 pandemic significantly altered the approach to persons with IBD. The few exceptions were mostly based on low burden of COVID-19 in individual communities. Regardless of resources or health care systems, gastroenterologists around the world took a similar approach to the management of IBD.


id: cord-347607-ydbyonbg
author: Spagnuolo, Rocco
date: 2020-08-13
txt: ./txt/cord-347607-ydbyonbg.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-347607-ydbyonbg.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina56080407
doi: 10.3390/medicina56080407
summary:
  The aim of this survey is to evaluate knowledge about clinical importance of COVID-19, disease management, prevention measures, and anxiety level during pandemic among patients with IBD. The questionnaire consisted of five sections: (1) anthropometric, demographic and clinical characteristics, (2) knowledge about clinical importance of COVID-19, (3) IBD management, (4) prevention measures, (5) anxiety level during pandemic. Taken together with findings that an active disease status compromises knowledge of IBD management and the high level of anxiety related to increasing age, these data suggest the need of further supporting patient-oriented strategies in IBD during Covid-19 pandemic. The aim of this study is to perform a survey about knowledge about clinical importance of COVID-19, knowledge of disease management, prevention measures, and anxiety level during the pandemic among patients with IBD. The questionnaire was defined and organized into five sections, dealing with: (1) demographic and clinical characteristic, (2) knowledge about clinical importance of COVID-19, (3) knowledge about management of IBD, (4) knowledge of prevention measures, (5) anxiety level during pandemic, respectively.

title:
  COVID-19 and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Patient Knowledge and Perceptions in a Single Center Survey

abstract:
  Background and objectives: Spreading of SARS-CoV-2 infection from China to countries with a higher prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has generated concern among gastroenterologists and patients. The aim of this survey is to evaluate knowledge about clinical importance of COVID-19, disease management, prevention measures, and anxiety level during pandemic among patients with IBD. Material and methods: From 15th March to 15th April 2020, a questionnaire survey was administered to 200 patients with IBD by email or phone application. The questionnaire consisted of five sections: (1) anthropometric, demographic and clinical characteristics, (2) knowledge about clinical importance of COVID-19, (3) IBD management, (4) prevention measures, (5) anxiety level during pandemic. Results: One hundred forty two questionnaires were completed. Ninety-seven patients (68.3%) were males with a mean age of 46 years (SD 13; range 17–76). Fifty-four individuals (38%) were affected by Crohn disease and 88 (62%) by Ulcerative Colitis. Most patients reported high knowledge about clinical importance of COVID-19 (80%), IBD management (72%), and prevention measures (97%). Sixty-two percent of them showed moderate-high level of anxiety. High education level was independently associated with high knowledge about clinical importance of COVID-19 (odds ratio [OR] 5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.49–16.6, p = 0.009) and older age (OR 1, 95%, CI 1.01–1.1, p = 0.01), while the receipt of e-format educational material with low knowledge about clinical importance of COVID-19 (OR 3, 95%, CI 1.08–9.3, p = 0.03). Displaying an active disease appeared to be independently associated with low knowledge of IBD management (OR 5.8, 95% CI 1.4–22.8, p = 0.01) and no variables other than an older age was independently associated with higher level of anxiety (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.009–1.09, p = 0.01). Conclusions: High educational level and aging promote knowledge about clinical importance of COVID-19, while e-format educational material does not. Taken together with findings that an active disease status compromises knowledge of IBD management and the high level of anxiety related to increasing age, these data suggest the need of further supporting patient-oriented strategies in IBD during Covid-19 pandemic.


id: cord-349500-603v8lfb
title: Covid-19 and immunomodulation in IBD
author: Neurath, Markus F
date: 2020-04-16
txt: ./txt/cord-349500-603v8lfb.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-349500-603v8lfb.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321269
doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321269
summary:
  Although covid-19 leads to little or mild flu-like symptoms in the majority of affected patients, the disease may cause severe, frequently lethal complications such as progressive pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome and organ failure driven by hyperinflammation and a cytokine storm syndrome. Although covid-19 leads to little or mild flu-like symptoms in the majority of affected patients, the disease may cause severe, frequently lethal complications such as progressive pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome and organ failure driven by hyperinflammation and a cytokine storm syndrome. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infects ACE2 expressing epithelial cells in the lung and/or the intestine. The covid-19 receptor ACE2 is particularly highly expressed in intestinal epithelial cells from the terminal ileum and to a lesser extent in the colon, where mucosal inflammation in patients with IBD (Crohn''s disease (CD); UC) is frequently detected.

abstract:
  The current coronavirus pandemic is an ongoing global health crisis due to covid-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Although covid-19 leads to little or mild flu-like symptoms in the majority of affected patients, the disease may cause severe, frequently lethal complications such as progressive pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome and organ failure driven by hyperinflammation and a cytokine storm syndrome. This situation causes various major challenges for gastroenterology. In the context of IBD, several key questions arise. For instance, it is an important question to understand whether patients with IBD (eg, due to intestinal ACE2 expression) might be particularly susceptible to covid-19 and the cytokine release syndrome associated with lung injury and fatal outcomes. Another highly relevant question is how to deal with immunosuppression and immunomodulation during the current pandemic in patients with IBD and whether immunosuppression affects the progress of covid-19. Here, the current understanding of the pathophysiology of covid-19 is reviewed with special reference to immune cell activation. Moreover, the potential implications of these new insights for immunomodulation and biological therapy in IBD are discussed.


id: cord-351566-z6onmkrn
author: Bezzio, Cristina
date: 2020-06-16
txt: ./txt/cord-351566-z6onmkrn.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-351566-z6onmkrn.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32553764/
doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.082
abstract: nan
summary:
  title: SEVERE IBD FLARES AND COVID-19: EXPAND THE GASTROENTEROLOGY-SURGERY TEAM TO INCLUDE AN INFECTIOUS DISEASE SPECIALIST Perhaps because of the lack of empirical evidence, these guidelines did not specifically address the challenging case of IBD patients hospitalized due to a severe flare of disease with subsequent or concomitant pneumonia due to SARS-CoV-2. Especially in ulcerative colitis, a severe flare of disease is a life-threatening emergency that requires prompt recognition, hospitalization, early initiation of treatment and close monitoring (4). However, in the COVID-19 pandemic, this professional pair may not be enough to effectively manage the infection in an IBD patient with a severe disease flare. Nonetheless, we think that the issues raised by this case are of great interest to physicians managing IBD patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, we suggest that an infectious disease specialist join the gastroenterologist and surgeon on the team managing IBD patients hospitalized for a severe flare of disease.

title:
  SEVERE IBD FLARES AND COVID-19: EXPAND THE GASTROENTEROLOGY-SURGERY TEAM TO INCLUDE AN INFECTIOUS DISEASE SPECIALIST


